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Roy SK, Srivastava S, McCance C, Shrivastava A, Morvant J, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. Clinical significance of PNO1 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18295. [PMID: 38722284 PMCID: PMC11081011 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein PNO1 plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. Recent studies have shown that it is involved in tumorigenesis; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PNO1 can be used as a biomarker of HCC and also examine the therapeutic potential of PNO1 knockout for the treatment of HCC. PNO1 expression was upregulated in HCC and associated with poor prognosis. PNO1 expression was positively associated with tumour stage, lymph node metastasis and poor survival. PNO1 expression was significantly higher in HCC compared to that in fibrolamellar carcinoma or normal tissues. Furthermore, HCC tissues with mutant Tp53 expressed higher PNO1 than those with wild-type Tp53. PNO1 knockout suppressed cell viability, colony formation and EMT of HCC cells. Since activation of Notch signalling pathway promotes HCC, we measured the effects of PNO1 knockout on the components of Notch pathway and its targets. PNO1 knockout suppressed Notch signalling by modulating the expression of Notch ligands and their receptors, and downstream targets. PNO1 knockout also inhibited genes involved in surface adhesion, cell cycle, inflammation and chemotaxis. PNO1 knockout also inhibited colony and spheroid formation, cell migration and invasion, and markers of stem cells, pluripotency and EMT in CSCs. Overall, our data suggest that PNO1 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of HCC, and knockout of PNO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 can be beneficial for the management of HCC by targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit K. Roy
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of MedicineLouisiana State University HealthNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Caroline McCance
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Jason Morvant
- Department of SurgeryOchsner Health SystemGretnaLouisianaUSA
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- John W. Deming Department of MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of MedicineLouisiana State University HealthNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of GeneticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center – New OrleansNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- GLAXDoverDelawareUSA
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2
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Mokhtari Ardekani A, Kharazinejad E, Ghasemi E, Ghasemi H, Soltani R. Circulating afamin positively correlated with the miR-122 expression and type 2 diabetes mellitus-related phenotype according to the duration of diabetes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28053. [PMID: 38560140 PMCID: PMC10979149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Afamin is a hepatokine that involves in glucose and lipids metabolism. miR-122 is mainly expressed in liver and involves in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. This study aimed at investigating the circulating afamin, its correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and miR-122 gene expression in T2DM patients and healthy control subjects according to the duration of diabetes. Methods This case-control study included 220 participants, with 100 individuals serving as controls and 120 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The miR-122 gene expression was assessed using real-time PCR. The serum concentration of biochemical parameters such as glucose levels, lipid profile, and small-dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) were measured using colorimetric kits. Circulating afamin and insulin levels were assayed using an ELISA kit. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured using capillary electrophoresis. Results Circulating afamin level was significantly higher in T2DM patients compared to the control group, (73.8 ± 10.8 vs. 65.9 ± 8.7, respectively; P < 0.001). Similarly, miR122 expression was significantly increased in T2DM patients compared to healthy control subjects (4.24 ± 2.01 vs. 1.00 ± 0.85, respectively; P < 0.001). Among patients diagnosed with T2DM, those with longstanding diabetes (>5 years) exhibited significantly higher levels of circulating afamin and miR-122 expression compared to individuals with a shorter duration of diabetes (≤5 years) (P < 0.05). Circulating afamin levels were significantly correlated with waist circumference, small-dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, resistance to insulin, and miR-122 expression, depending on the duration of the disease (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the performance of afamin as a diagnostic marker for T2DM was confirmed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7 (P < 0.001). Conclusions Circulating afamin involved in the T2DM-related complications and its concentration is positively correlated to the miR-122 expression, especially in patient with longstanding diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Rahmatollah Soltani
- Clinical Education Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Kumar A, Das SK, Emdad L, Fisher PB. Applications of tissue-specific and cancer-selective gene promoters for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 160:253-315. [PMID: 37704290 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment of solid tumors with standard of care chemotherapies, radiation therapy and/or immunotherapies are often limited by severe adverse toxic effects, resulting in a narrow therapeutic index. Cancer gene therapy represents a targeted approach that in principle could significantly reduce undesirable side effects in normal tissues while significantly inhibiting tumor growth and progression. To be effective, this strategy requires a clear understanding of the molecular biology of cancer development and evolution and developing biological vectors that can serve as vehicles to target cancer cells. The advent and fine tuning of omics technologies that permit the collective and spatial recognition of genes (genomics), mRNAs (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics), metabolites (metabolomics), epiomics (epigenomics, epitranscriptomics, and epiproteomics), and their interactomics in defined complex biological samples provide a roadmap for identifying crucial targets of relevance to the cancer paradigm. Combining these strategies with identified genetic elements that control target gene expression uncovers significant opportunities for developing guided gene-based therapeutics for cancer. The purpose of this review is to overview the current state and potential limitations in developing gene promoter-directed targeted expression of key genes and highlights their potential applications in cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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4
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Jett KA, Baker ZN, Hossain A, Boulet A, Cobine PA, Ghosh S, Ng P, Yilmaz O, Barreto K, DeCoteau J, Mochoruk K, Ioannou GN, Savard C, Yuan S, Abdalla OH, Lowden C, Kim BE, Cheng HYM, Battersby BJ, Gohil VM, Leary SC. Mitochondrial dysfunction reactivates α-fetoprotein expression that drives copper-dependent immunosuppression in mitochondrial disease models. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:154684. [PMID: 36301669 PMCID: PMC9797342 DOI: 10.1172/jci154684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling circuits crucial to systemic physiology are widespread, yet uncovering their molecular underpinnings remains a barrier to understanding the etiology of many metabolic disorders. Here, we identified a copper-linked signaling circuit activated by disruption of mitochondrial function in the murine liver or heart that resulted in atrophy of the spleen and thymus and caused a peripheral white blood cell deficiency. We demonstrated that the leukopenia was caused by α-fetoprotein, which required copper and the cell surface receptor CCR5 to promote white blood cell death. We further showed that α-fetoprotein expression was upregulated in several cell types upon inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Collectively, our data argue that α-fetoprotein may be secreted by bioenergetically stressed tissue to suppress the immune system, an effect that may explain the recurrent or chronic infections that are observed in a subset of mitochondrial diseases or in other disorders with secondary mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Jett
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Zakery N. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Amzad Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Aren Boulet
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Paul A. Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Sagnika Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Philip Ng
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Orhan Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Laboratory and Pathology Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - John DeCoteau
- Department of Laboratory and Pathology Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Karen Mochoruk
- Department of Laboratory and Pathology Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - George N. Ioannou
- Division of Gastroenterology,,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and the,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher Savard
- Division of Gastroenterology,,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and the,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sai Yuan
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Osama H.M.H. Abdalla
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher Lowden
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Byung-Eun Kim
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Vishal M. Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Scot C. Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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5
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Jiang J, Turpin C, Qiu G(S, Xu M, Lee E, Hinds TD, Peterson ML, Spear BT. Zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 is required for diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumor formation in C57BL/6 mice. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3550-3562. [PMID: 36194180 PMCID: PMC9701486 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer, comprised primarily of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and increasing in Western countries. We previously identified the transcription factor zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (Zhx2) as a regulator of hepatic gene expression, and many Zhx2 target genes are dysregulated in HCC. Here, we investigate HCC in Zhx2-deficient mice using the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver tumor model. Our study using whole-body Zhx2 knockout (Zhx2KO ) mice revealed the complete absence of liver tumors 9 and 10 months after DEN exposure. Analysis soon after DEN treatment showed no differences in expression of the DEN bioactivating enzyme cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and DNA polymerase delta 2, or in the numbers of phosphorylated histone variant H2AX foci between Zhx2KO and wild-type (Zhx2wt ) mice. The absence of Zhx2, therefore, did not alter DEN bioactivation or DNA damage. Zhx2KO livers showed fewer positive foci for Ki67 staining and reduced interleukin-6 and AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 expression compared with Zhx2wt livers, suggesting that Zhx2 loss reduces liver cell proliferation and may account for reduced tumor formation. Tumors were reduced but not absent in DEN-treated liver-specific Zhx2 knockout mice, suggesting that Zhx2 acts in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells to inhibit tumor formation. Analysis of data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Consortium indicated that ZHX2 messenger RNA and protein levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC and associated with clinical pathological parameters. Conclusion: In contrast to previous studies in human hepatoma cell lines and other HCC mouse models showing that Zhx2 acts as a tumor suppressor, our data indicate that Zhx2 acts as an oncogene in the DEN-induced HCC model and is consistent with the higher ZHX2 expression in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyun Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Courtney Turpin
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Guofang (Shirley) Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes CenterUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Martha L. Peterson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Brett T. Spear
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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Sharma A, Blériot C, Currenti J, Ginhoux F. Oncofetal reprogramming in tumour development and progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:593-602. [PMID: 35999292 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic development is characterized by rapidly dividing cells, cellular plasticity and a highly vascular microenvironment. These features are similar to those of tumour tissue, in that malignant cells are characterized by their ability to proliferate and exhibit cellular plasticity. The tumour microenvironment also often includes immunosuppressive features. Reciprocal communication between various cellular subpopulations enables fetal and tumour tissues to proliferate, migrate and escape immune responses. Fetal-like reprogramming has been demonstrated in the tumour microenvironment, indicating extraordinary cellular plasticity and bringing an additional layer of cellular heterogeneity. More importantly, some of these features are also present during inflammation. This Perspective discusses the similarity between embryogenesis, inflammation and tumorigenesis, and describes the mechanisms of oncofetal reprogramming that enable tumour cells to escape from immune responses, promoting tumour growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | - Jennifer Currenti
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- INSERM U1015, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Oruc A, Simsek G. A Pathophysiological Approach To Current Biomarkers. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are necessary for screening and diagnosing numerous diseases,
predicting the prognosis of patients, and following-up treatment and the course of the
patient. Everyday new biomarkers are being used in clinics for these purposes. This
section will discuss the physiological roles of the various current biomarkers in a
healthy person and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the release of these
biomarkers. This chapter aims to gain a new perspective for evaluating and interpreting
the most current biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Oruc
- Department of Physiology,Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonul Simsek
- Department of Physiology,Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa,
Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of Enhalus acoroides against Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Wistar Albino Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2597-2617. [PMID: 35106713 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most cause of death among the various cancers worldwide. Recent research searching an alternative therapy for cancer treatment without or less side effects. Many studies indicated the beneficial effects of Enhalus acoroides. There has been no scientific validation on antioxidant and chemopreventive potential of ethanolic extract E. acoroides against hepatoma. To assess the hepatoprotective activity of E. acoroides (EEEA) against DEN-induced hepatoma using Wistar albino rats. Animals were distributed into five groups, each containing six rats. To Group I - control rats - normal saline given. Groups II, III, IV and V rats were injection of DEN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight i.p. to induce liver cancer. At the commencement of 6th week, Group III rats supplemented with EEEA at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight/day upto 16 weeks. Group IV rats supplemented with EEEA for 1 week before the administration of DEN and continued till the sixteenth week. Group V supplementation of silymarin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight at the beginning of 6th week after the injection of DEN and continued upto 16 weeks and considered as positive control rats. The efficiency of E. acoroides for its antioxidant hepatoprotective and activity evaluated in rats against DEN-induced liver damage. The hepatoprotective ability of EEEA at a dose of 200 mg/kg was examined against DEN at a dose of 100 mg/kg/b.w. induced hepatotoxicity and analysed by evaluating serum liver and kidney marker levels, lipid profile (TG, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol) and serum tumour markers (DNA, RNA, AFP and CEA). Supplementation of EEEA to DEN treated rats was determined by evaluating various antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, Vit E and Vit C). Histopathological studies and morphometric gross analysis were also support the consequences of this study. A significant improvement of antioxidant defence and declined MDA levels within the serum of EEEA treated animals compared to the DEN-induced hepatoma. The supplementation of EEEA declined the serum liver, kidney and serum tumour marker levels and lipid profile as comparatively to Group I rats. The histopathological changes were changed on supplementation of EEEA demonstrating its protecting effects on hepatocytes as comparatively to Group I rats. Our significances recognized that crude extract (ethanol) of E. acoroides revealed a potential impact against DEN-induced hepatoma and assists as a superior choice for chemopreventive treatments.
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9
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PLGA nanoparticles containing α-fetoprotein siRNA induce apoptosis and enhance the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin in human liver cancer cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:191-197. [PMID: 33774221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and is a leading cause of death. Delivery of therapeutic molecules, e.g., siRNA, to HCC cells could potentially be an alternative treatment for HCC. In this study, the siRNA targeting α-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA was found to specifically induce apoptosis and significant cell death in HepG2 cells. It also enhanced the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin by about two-fold, making it the candidate therapeutic molecule for HCC treatment. To deliver the siRNAs into HCC cells, the AFP siRNAs were loaded into the nanoparticles based on poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA). These nanoparticles induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells and synergistically increased the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin. In summary, the delivery of the AFP siRNA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in combination with doxorubicin could be a very promising approach for the treatment of HCC.
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Kurdiova T, Balaz M, Kovanicova Z, Zemkova E, Kuzma M, Belan V, Payer J, Gasperikova D, Dieplinger H, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J. Serum Afamin a Novel Marker of Increased Hepatic Lipid Content. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:670425. [PMID: 34603196 PMCID: PMC8481912 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.670425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Afamin is a liver-produced glycoprotein, a potential early marker of metabolic syndrome. Here we investigated regulation of afamin in a course of the metabolic disease development and in response to 3-month exercise intervention. METHODS We measured whole-body insulin sensitivity (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp), glucose tolerance, abdominal adiposity, hepatic lipid content (magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy), habitual physical activity (accelerometers) and serum afamin (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in 71 middle-aged men with obesity, prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Effects of 3-month exercise were investigated in 22 overweight-to-obese middle-aged individuals (16M/6F). RESULTS Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, but not obesity, were associated with increased serum afamin (p<0.001). Afamin correlated positively with hepatic lipids, fatty liver index and liver damage markers; with parameters of adiposity (waist circumference, %body fat, adipocyte diameter) and insulin resistance (fasting insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR; p<0.001 all). Moreover, afamin negatively correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity (M-value/Insulin, p<0.001). Hepatic lipids and fasting insulinemia were the most important predictors of serum afamin, explaining >63% of its variability. Exercise-related changes in afamin were paralleled by reciprocal changes in insulinemia, insulin resistance and visceral adiposity. No significant change in hepatic lipid content was observed. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes had the highest serum afamin levels. Afamin was more tightly related to hepatic lipid accumulation, liver damage and insulin resistance than to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Kurdiova
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kovanicova
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Erika Zemkova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kuzma
- 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Juraj Payer
- 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Gasperikova
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hans Dieplinger
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Jozef Ukropec, ; Hans Dieplinger,
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Jozef Ukropec, ; Hans Dieplinger,
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11
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Ince V, Carr BI, Bag HG, Ersan V, Usta S, Koc C, Gonultas F, Sarici BK, Karakas S, Kutluturk K, Baskiran A, Yilmaz S. Liver transplant for large hepatocellular carcinoma in Malatya: The role of gamma glutamyl transferase and alpha-fetoprotein, a retrospective cohort study. World J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 12:520-533. [PMID: 33437403 PMCID: PMC7769743 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i12.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in transplanting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumors greater than 5 cm (Milan criteria).
AIM To investigate possible prognostically-useful factors for liver transplantation in HCC patients with large tumors.
METHODS In this clinical study, 50 patients with HCC who were transplanted at our Liver Transplant Center between April 2006 and August 2019 and had tumors greater than 6 cm maximum diameter were retrospectively analyzed. Their survival and full clinical characteristics were examined, with respect to serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used to determine overall survival and disease-free survival in these patients. The inclusion criterion was evidence of HCC. Exclusion criteria were the presence of macroscopic portal vein thrombosis or metastasis and a follow-up period of less than 90 d.
RESULTS Using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, cutoff values of AFP 200 ng/mL and GGT 104 IU/L were identified and used in this study. Significantly longer overall survival (OS) and disease-free-survival (DFS) were found in patients who had lower values of either parameter, compared with higher values. Even greater differences in survival were found when the 2 parameters were combined. Two tumor size bands were identified, in searching for the limits of this approach with larger tumors, namely 6-10 cm and > 10 cm. Combination parameters in the 6-10 cm band reflected 5-year OS of 76.2% in patients with low AFP plus low GGT vs 0% for all other groups. Patients with tumors greater than 10 cm, did not have low AFP plus low GGT. The most consistent clinical correlates for longer survival were degree of tumor differentiation and absence of microscopic portal venous invasion.
CONCLUSION Serum levels of AFP and GGT, both alone and combined, represent a simple prognostic identifier in patients with large HCCs undergoing liver transplant-ation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Ince
- Department of General Surgery, Inonu University, Liver Transplantation Institute, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Brian I Carr
- Department of General Surgery, Inonu University, Liver Transplantation Institute, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Harika Gozukara Bag
- Department of Biostatistics, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Veysel Ersan
- Department of General Surgery, Inonu University, Liver Transplantation Institute, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Sertac Usta
- Department of General Surgery, Inonu University, Liver Transplantation Institute, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Cemalettin Koc
- Department of General Surgery, Inonu University, Liver Transplantation Institute, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Fatih Gonultas
- Department of General Surgery, Inonu University, Liver Transplantation Institute, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Baris Kemal Sarici
- Department of General Surgery, Inonu University, Liver Transplantation Institute, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Serdar Karakas
- Department of General Surgery, Inonu University, Liver Transplantation Institute, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Koray Kutluturk
- Department of General Surgery, Inonu University, Liver Transplantation Institute, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Adil Baskiran
- Department of General Surgery, Inonu University, Liver Transplantation Institute, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Sezai Yilmaz
- Department of General Surgery, Inonu University, Liver Transplantation Institute, Malatya 44280, Turkey
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12
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Karimzadeh Z, Hasanzadeh M, Isildak I, Khalilzadeh B. Multiplex bioassaying of cancer proteins and biomacromolecules: Nanotechnological, structural and technical perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:3020-3039. [PMID: 33122068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the specific proteins (carbohydrate antigens, ligands and interleukins) get raised up in body tissue or fluids in cancer cases, early detection of them will provide an effective treatment and survival rate. Sensitive and accurate determination of multiple cancer proteins can be engaged in chorus by simultaneous/multiplex detection in the biomedical fields. Bioassaying technology is one of the non-invasive, high-sensitive, and economical methods. Currently, extensive application of nanomaterial (biocompatible polymers, metallic and metal oxide) in bioassays resulted in ultra-high sensitive and selective diagnosis. This review article focuses on types of multiplex bioassays for delicate and specific determination of cancer proteins for diagnostic aims. It also covers two modes of multiplex bioassays as multi labeled bioassays and spatially-separated test zones (multi-electrode mode). In this review, the nanotechnological, structural, and technical perspectives in the multiplex analysis of cancer proteins were discussed. Finally, the use of different types of nanomaterials, polysaccharides, biopolymers and their advantages in signal amplification are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ibrahim Isildak
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemistry-Metallurgy, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center (BSTRC), Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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13
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Zhang C, Wu Q, Huang H, Chen X, Huang T, Li W, Zhang J, Liu Y. Caveolin-1 upregulates Fut8 expression by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to enhance HCC cell proliferative and invasive ability. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2202-2212. [PMID: 32710651 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a critical structural protein of caveolae, plays an oncogenic role by participating in abnormal protein glycosylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism by which Cav-1 regulates glycosylation and glycosyltransferase expression has yet to be fully defined. Here, we show that Cav-1 promotes the expression of α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8), which catalyzes the transfer of GDP-fucose to the core structure of the N-sugar chain. In this study, we show that the mouse HCC cell line, Hepa1-6, which has low Fut8 transcriptional and protein levels, also lacks Cav-1 expression, whereas the mouse HCC cell line, Hca-F, has strong Fut8 expression and high transcriptional and protein levels of Cav-1. Subsequently, Cav-1 overexpression in Hepa1-6 was found to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which leads to downstream binding of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor to the Fut8 promoter region for activation of its transcription. In contrast, knockdown of Cav-1 expression in Hca-F caused the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to be significantly inhibited, which attenuates the expression of Fut8. We further show that Cav-1-induced upregulation of Fut8 expression enhanced proliferation and invasion by mouse HCC cells in vitro. Our current findings provide molecular evidence that Cav-1 plays an important role in regulating glycosyltransferase expression and may participate in abnormal glycosylation, which mediates the proliferation and invasion of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Huang Huang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Tianmiao Huang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Wenli Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.,School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
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14
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Li Z, Gong H, Liu Q, Wu W, Cheng J, Mei Y, Chen Y, Zheng H, Yu X, Zhong S, Li Y. Identification of an HLA-A*24:02-restricted α-fetoprotein signal peptide-derived antigen and its specific T-cell receptor for T-cell immunotherapy. Immunology 2020; 159:384-392. [PMID: 31849039 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer with limited treatments. Asia has the highest HCC incidence rates; China accounts for over 50% of all HCC cases worldwide. T-cell receptor (TCR) -engineered T-cell immunotherapies specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -A*02:01-restricted α-fetoprotein (AFP) peptide have shown encouraging results in clinics. HLA-A*24:02 is more common than HLA-A*02:01 in Asian countries, including China. Here we identified a novel HLA-A*24:02-restricted peptide KWVESIFLIF (AFP2-11 ) located in AFP signal peptide domain by mass spectrometric analysis of HLA-bound peptides from HepG2 cells. A TCR (KWV3.1) specific for AFP2-11 -HLA-A*24:02 was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a healthy donor. The binding affinity of soluble KWV3.1 to its antigen was determined to be ~55 μm, within the affinity range of native TCRs for self-antigens. KWV3.1-transfected T cells could specifically activate and kill AFP2-11 pulsed T2-A24 cells and AFP+ HLA-A*24:02+ tumor cell lines, demonstrating that AFP2-11 can be naturally presented on the surface of AFP+ tumor cell lines. The newly identified antigenic peptide can provide a novel target for immunotherapeutic strategies for patients with AFP+ HLA-A*24:02+ HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Guangdong Xiangxue Life Sciences, Ltd., Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiping Gong
- Guangdong Xiangxue Life Sciences, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuping Liu
- Guangdong Xiangxue Life Sciences, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanli Wu
- Guangdong Xiangxue Life Sciences, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianting Cheng
- Guangdong Xiangxue Life Sciences, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyi Mei
- Guangdong Xiangxue Life Sciences, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Guangdong Xiangxue Life Sciences, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Guangdong Xiangxue Life Sciences, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Guangdong Xiangxue Life Sciences, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Zhong
- Guangdong Xiangxue Life Sciences, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Guangdong Xiangxue Life Sciences, Ltd., Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Busato D, Mossenta M, Baboci L, Di Cintio F, Toffoli G, Dal Bo M. Novel immunotherapeutic approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:453-470. [PMID: 30907177 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1598859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been lately proposed for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with respect to other cancer types. Several immunotherapeutic approaches are now under evaluation for HCC treatment including: i) antibodies acting as immune checkpoint inhibitors; ii) antibodies targeting specific tumor-associated antigens; iii) chimeric antigen receptor redirected T (CAR-T) cells targeting specific tumor-associated antigens; iv) vaccination strategies with tumor-specific epitopes. Areas covered: The review provides a wide description of the clinical trials investigating the efficacy of the main immunotherapeutic approaches proposed for the treatment of patients affected by HCC. Expert opinion: The balancing between immunostimulative and immunosuppressive factors in the context of HCC tumor microenvironment results in heterogeneous response rates to immunotherapeutic approaches such as checkpoint inhibitors, among HCC patients. In this context, it becomes crucial the identification of predictive factors determining the treatment response. A multiple approach using different biomarkers could be useful to identify the subgroup of HCC patients responsive to the treatment with a checkpoint inhibitor (as an example, nivolumab) as single agent, and to identify those patients in which other treatment regimens, such as the combination with sorafenib, or with locoregional therapies, could be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Busato
- a Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit , Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS , Aviano (PN) , Italy.,b Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Monica Mossenta
- a Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit , Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS , Aviano (PN) , Italy.,b Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Lorena Baboci
- a Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit , Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS , Aviano (PN) , Italy
| | - Federica Di Cintio
- a Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit , Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS , Aviano (PN) , Italy.,b Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- a Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit , Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS , Aviano (PN) , Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- a Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit , Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS , Aviano (PN) , Italy
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16
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Maso K, Grigoletto A, Vicent MJ, Pasut G. Molecular platforms for targeted drug delivery. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 346:1-50. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Magistri P, Rosenblatt R, Halazun KJ. Liver Transplantation for HCC Beyond Milan. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-018-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Chapman WC, Korenblat KM, Fowler KJ, Saad N, Khan AS, Subramanian V, Doyle MBM, Dageforde LA, Tan B, Grierson P, Lin Y, Xu M, Brunt EM. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Where are we in 2018? Curr Probl Surg 2018; 55:450-503. [PMID: 30526875 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William C Chapman
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
| | - Kevin M Korenblat
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Nael Saad
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Adeel S Khan
- Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Vijay Subramanian
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Maria B Majella Doyle
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Leigh Anne Dageforde
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Transplant Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin Tan
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Patrick Grierson
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yiing Lin
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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19
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Liang Y, Xu P, Zou Q, Luo H, Yu W. An epigenetic perspective on tumorigenesis: Loss of cell identity, enhancer switching, and NamiRNA network. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 57:1-9. [PMID: 30213688 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Various tumorigenic theories have been proposed in the past century, which contribute to the prevention and treatment of cancer clinically. However, the underlying mechanisms of the initiation of cancer, drug resistance, neoplasm relapse, and metastasis are still challenging to be panoramically addressed. Based on the abundant evidence provided by others and us, we postulate that Tumor Initiated by Loss of Cell Identity (LOCI), which is an inevitable initiating event of tumorigenesis. As a result, normal cells are transformed into the cancerous cell. In this process, epigenetic regulatory program, especially NamiRNA (Nuclear activating miRNA)-enhancer-gene activation network, is vital for the cell identity. The disorganization of NamiRNA-enhancer-gene activation network is a causal predisposition to the cell identity loss, and the altered cell identity is stabilized by genetic variations of the NamiRNA-enhancer-gene activation network. Furthermore, the additional genetic or epigenetic abnormities confer those cells to carcinogenic characteristics, such as growth advantage over normal cells, and finally yield cancer. In this review, we literally explain our tumor initiation hypothesis based on the corresponding evidence, which will not only help to refresh our understanding of tumorigenesis but also bring benefits to developing "cell identity reversing" based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qingping Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huaibing Luo
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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20
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Liang Y, Xu P, Zou Q, Luo H, Yu W. An epigenetic perspective on tumorigenesis: Loss of cell identity, enhancer switching, and NamiRNA network. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 83:596-604. [PMID: 30208341 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Various tumorigenic theories have been proposed in the past century, which contribute to the prevention and treatment of cancer clinically. However, the underlying mechanisms of the initiation of cancer, drug resistance, neoplasm relapse, and metastasis are still challenging to be panoramically addressed. Based on the abundant evidence provided by others and us, we postulate that Tumor Initiated by Loss of Cell Identity (LOCI), which is an inevitable initiating event of tumorigenesis. As a result, normal cells are transformed into the cancerous cell. In this process, epigenetic regulatory program, especially NamiRNA (Nuclear activating miRNA)-enhancer-gene activation network, is vital for the cell identity. The disorganization of NamiRNA-enhancer-gene activation network is a causal predisposition to the cell identity loss, and the altered cell identity is stabilized by genetic variations of the NamiRNA-enhancer-gene activation network. Furthermore, the additional genetic or epigenetic abnormities confer those cells to carcinogenic characteristics, such as growth advantage over normal cells, and finally yield cancer. In this review, we literally explain our tumor imitation hypothesis based on the corresponding evidence, which will not only help to refresh our understanding of tumorigenesis but also bring benefits to developing "cell identity reversing" based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qingping Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huaibing Luo
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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21
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Vincze B, Solymosi N, Debnár V, Kútvölgyi G, Krikó E, Wölfling A, Szenci O. Assessment of equine alpha-fetoprotein levels in mares and newborn foals in the periparturient period. Theriogenology 2018; 122:53-60. [PMID: 30237100 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is best known in human obstetrics for its association with fetal anomalies recognized in the 1970s. Although this fetal protein had been shown to be present in the sera of many mammalian species, its possible diagnostic role in the detection of abnormalities was evaluated only later, when a research laboratory published variable levels of AFP in different groups of mares with pregnancy problems (twins, conception failure, placentitis, embryonic loss), and subsequently differences were demonstrated in its serum levels between aborted and healthy mares. In this study, peri- and intrapartal AFP levels were measured in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, neonatal blood, and umbilical blood samples. The mean levels of AFP were lower in umbilical blood and amniotic fluid samples than in foal and maternal blood. Older mares had lower AFP levels correlated with their age in years. The time remaining until foaling had a significant, non-linear effect on AFP levels: an elevation could be detected in the last two weeks of pregnancy, followed by a decline after foaling. Also, AFP levels were found to be elevated in the hot summer months. There was a significant individual variation in AFP levels in the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Vincze
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő, Hungary; Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Debnár
- National Agricultural Research and Innovation Center (NARIC) Research Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Meat Science, Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Kútvölgyi
- National Agricultural Research and Innovation Center (NARIC) Research Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Meat Science, Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - Eszter Krikó
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Wölfling
- Department of Reproduction and Obstetrics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ottó Szenci
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő, Hungary
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22
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Feng Y, Yin Z, Zhang D, Srivastava A, Ling C. Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2018; 20:251-264. [PMID: 29895243 DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180612082432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlu Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 401 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Zifei Yin
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Zhang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Arun Srivastava
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Chen Ling
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
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Large-scale identification and visualization of human liver N-glycome enriched from LO2 cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4195-4202. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Panchal SS, Ghatak SB, Jha AB, Onattu R. Reduction of liver tumerogenic effect of N-nitrosodiethylamine by treatment with ɣ-oryzanol in Balb/C mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:86-98. [PMID: 28888159 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, naturally occurring phytochemicals with antioxidant capacity have generated surmount interest in their therapeutic usage against a wide range of pathological and toxicological conditions. The present study was designed to evaluate potential of ɣ-oryzanol (OZ), a bio-active natural antioxidant against hepatocellular carcinoma effect of the carcinogen N-nitrosodiethylamine in Balb/c mice. OZ inhibited the proliferation of Hep-3B cell line in concentration dependent manner. Administration of OZ to N-nitrosodiethylamine induced Balb/c mice for 16 and 32 weeks showed reduction in levels of liver injury markers, restored the levels of liver tumor markers, suppressed the hepatic nodular incidence and multiplicity, and favorably modulated the liver antioxidant status in a time dependent manner. Histologically, no obvious signs of neoplasia in the liver tissues were observed in OZ supplemented rats with N-nitrosodiethylamine induced liver tumerogenesis. OZ was found to be effective for reduction of N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital S Panchal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Somsuvra B Ghatak
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India; US Pharma Lab, 1300 Airport Road, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Abhishek B Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
| | - Raoul Onattu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
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25
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Tcherkassova J, Tsurkan S, Smirnova G, Borisova J, Moro R, Treshalina H. Binding characterization of the targeting drug AIMPILA to AFP receptors in human tumor xenografts. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317734815. [PMID: 28990489 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317734815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was the characterization of preclinical tumor models based on their expression of alpha-fetoprotein receptor (RECAF) for targeting cancer cells with a new non-covalent complex (AIMPILA) containing alpha-fetoprotein as the carrier and Atractyloside as an apoptosis-inducing agent. For that purpose, we measured the amount of RECAF in the homogenates of the grafted tumors T47D and SW620 and in HepG2 cell extracts. We also determined the alpha-fetoprotein binding specificity of the targeting drug AIMPILA using a solid-phase chemiluminescent assay with AIMPILA-Acrdidinium. We found that RECAF is practically absent from healthy mice tissues (100 Units/mg) where in malignant cells, the amount of alpha-fetoprotein receptors follows this order: T47D (9152 Units/mg) > HepG2 (4865 Units/mg) > SW620 (2839 Units/mg). This agrees with our findings regarding AIMPILA-induced tumor growth inhibition (T47D (T/C = 22%) > HepG2 (T/C = 51%) > SW620 (T/C = 70%), where T/C is the ratio of tumor volume in treated vs control animals). Our results demonstrate that the therapeutic response to the targeting drug AIMPILA strongly depends on the RECAF expression by human tumors and confirms the choice of the tumor models used for an AIMPILA preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergei Tsurkan
- 1 Pharmaceutical Research Center, PharmAccess, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Smirnova
- 2 Federal State Budgetary Institution, N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation
| | - Julia Borisova
- 2 Federal State Budgetary Institution, N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation
| | - Ricardo Moro
- 3 Pacific Biosciences Research Center, Richmond, BC, Canada
| | - Helen Treshalina
- 2 Federal State Budgetary Institution, N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation
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Ye G, Sun G, Cheng Z, Zhang L, Hu K, Xia X, Zhou Y. p55PIK regulates alpha-fetoprotein expression through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2017; 191:104-110. [PMID: 28970114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is regarded as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the regulation of AFP expression in HCC remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which AFP expression is regulated by p55PIK, an isoform of PI3K. MAIN METHODS Human HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh-7) were treated with p55PIK specific competitive inhibitor or shRNA, or p55PIK overexpression vector, in the absence or presence of NF-κB inhibitor PDTC. AFP expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. NF-κB responsive elements in AFP enhancer region were characterized by luciferase reporter assay. KEY FINDINGS p55PIK significantly stimulated the expression of AFP by activating NF-κB signaling pathway in HCC cells. Furthermore, two NF-κB binding sites in AFP enhancer region were identified to be primarily responsible for p55PIK mediated upregulation of AFP expression. SIGNIFICANCE p55PIK/NF-κB signaling plays an important role in the upregulation of AFP expression in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguo Ye
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Ge Sun
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zhikui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Kanghong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xianmin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Yin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
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Krishnan GS, Rajagopal V, Antony Joseph SR, Sebastian D, Savarimuthu I, Selvaraj KRN, Thobias AF. In vitro, In silico and In vivo Antitumor Activity of Crude Methanolic Extract of Tetilla dactyloidea (Carter, 1869) on DEN Induced HCC in a Rat Model. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:795-807. [PMID: 28892791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetilla dactyloidea (Carter, 1869) is a marine sponge classified under Demospongia and recent studies have demonstrated that active constituents of Demospongia class have exhibited several potential medical applications. However, no preliminary pharmacological studies have been reported so far. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the zoo-chemical status, antioxidant potential and anticancer activity of Crude Methanolic Extract of Tetilla dactyloidea (CMETD). Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) was induced in the liver of male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by treating with diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Nodule incidence, body weight, liver marker enzymes, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant, phase I metabolizing and liver macromolecular damaging enzymes and immuno-histopathological changes were assessed in DEN and DEN+CMETD treated rats. Oral administration of CMETD at a dose of 400mg/kg body weight to DEN treated rats restored the above parameters to near normal levels compared to control. The biochemical results were consistent with histopathological observations suggesting marked hepatoprotective effect of CMETD in a dose dependent manner. The GCMS of CMETD analysis showed the presence of six compounds. In in silico analysis 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester ligand showed an effective binding energy of -7.1kcal/mol against Cox-2 receptor. The compounds showed desirable pharmacokinetic properties and significant molecular interactions with the HCC receptors. To conclude, our results clearly suggested that CMETD treatment prevented liver damage, protected the antioxidant defense system and possessed anti-carcinogenic potential in DEN induced hepatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Shankar Krishnan
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai - 600034, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vidhya Rajagopal
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai - 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Divya Sebastian
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai - 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Karthick Raja Namasivayam Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama University, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Jeppiaar Nagar, Solinganallur, Chennai - 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Albin Fleming Thobias
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai - 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Zhang A, Yin C, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li A, Sun H, Lin D, Li N. Development and application of a fluorescence protein microarray for detecting serum alpha-fetoprotein in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:1414-1423. [PMID: 27885040 PMCID: PMC5536749 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516672370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop a simple, effective, time-saving and low-cost fluorescence protein microarray method for detecting serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Method Non-contact piezoelectric print techniques were applied to fluorescence protein microarray to reduce the cost of prey antibody. Serum samples from patients with HCC and healthy control subjects were collected and evaluated for the presence of AFP using a novel fluorescence protein microarray. To validate the fluorescence protein microarray, serum samples were tested for AFP using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A total of 110 serum samples from patients with HCC (n = 65) and healthy control subjects (n = 45) were analysed. When the AFP cut-off value was set at 20 ng/ml, the fluorescence protein microarray had a sensitivity of 91.67% and a specificity of 93.24% for detecting serum AFP. Serum AFP quantified via fluorescence protein microarray had a similar diagnostic performance compared with ELISA in distinguishing patients with HCC from healthy control subjects (area under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.906 for fluorescence protein microarray; 0.880 for ELISA). Conclusion A fluorescence protein microarray method was developed for detecting serum AFP in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiying Zhang
- 1 Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzeng Yin
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenshun Wang
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanshun Zhao
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanqin Sun
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Lin
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- 1 Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Department of General Surgery, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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30
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Khasbiullina NR, Bovin NV. Hypotheses of the origin of natural antibodies: a glycobiologist's opinion. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:820-35. [PMID: 26541997 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915070032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the generation of antibodies proceeds due to immunization of an organism by alien antigens, and the level and affinity of antibodies are directly correlated to the presence of immunogen. At the same time, vast experimental material has been obtained providing evidence of antibodies whose level remains unchanged and affinity is constant during a lifetime. In contrast to the first, adaptive immunoglobulins, the latter are named natural antibodies (nAbs). The nAbs are produced by B1 cells, whereas adaptive Abs are produced by B2. This review summarizes general data on nAbs and presents in more detail data on antigens of carbohydrate origin. Hypotheses on the origin of nAbs and their activation mechanisms are discussed. We present our thoughts on this matter supported by our experimental data on nAbs to glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Khasbiullina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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31
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Chaudhari P, Tian L, Deshmukh A, Jang YY. Expression kinetics of hepatic progenitor markers in cellular models of human liver development recapitulating hepatocyte and biliary cell fate commitment. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1653-62. [PMID: 27390263 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216657901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limitations of research using human embryos and the lack of a biological model of human liver development, the roles of the various markers associated with liver stem or progenitor cell potential in humans are largely speculative, and based on studies utilizing animal models and certain patient tissues. Human pluripotent stem cell-based in vitro multistage hepatic differentiation systems may serve as good surrogate models for mimicking normal human liver development, pathogenesis and injury/regeneration studies. Here, we describe the implications of various liver stem or progenitor cell markers and their bipotency (i.e. hepatocytic- and biliary-epithelial cell differentiation), based on the pluripotent stem cell-derived model of human liver development. Future studies using the human cellular model(s) of liver and biliary development will provide more human relevant biological and/or pathological roles of distinct markers expressed in heterogeneous liver stem/progenitor cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chaudhari
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA
| | - Lipeng Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA
| | - Abhijeet Deshmukh
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA
| | - Yoon-Young Jang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA
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32
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Williams GM. Phenotypic Properties of Preneoplastic Rat Liver Lesions and Applications to Detection of Carcinogens and Tumor Promoters. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 10:3-10. [DOI: 10.1177/019262338201000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A variety of cellular lesions arise during liver carcinogenesis by chemicals in rats. The altered focus is a lesion of hepatocytes that occurs early in hepatocarcinogenesis and appears to give rise to both neoplastic nodules and carcinomas. Foci display numerous phenotypic abnormalities which together with nuclear abnormalities indicate that they are truly a new altered population. Using histochemical markers, the induction of foci can be measured as a quantitative index of hepatocarcinogenicity of genotoxic carcinogens. In addition, determination of the effect of agents on foci previously induced by genotoxic carcinogens can be used to assess the capacity of chemicals to act as liver tumor promoters.
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33
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Varshney A, Gupta R, Verma SK, Ahmad S. Alpha-fetoprotein as a prognostic marker in acute liver failure: a pilot study. Trop Doct 2016; 47:202-205. [PMID: 27342919 DOI: 10.1177/0049475516653891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prognostic markers of acute liver failure (ALF) are based on clinical, laboratory or radiological parameters. Most of the biochemical markers are based on hepatic degeneration. We studied the impact of serial serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, a marker of liver regeneration, on the outcome of the patients with ALF. AFP levels were estimated on days 1 and 3 of hospitalisation of 32 patients with ALF and the ratio (AFP day3/day1) was calculated. All subjects were categorised as group A (expired) or group B (survived). The AFP ratio was 0.84 + 0.15 in group A (n = 20) versus 1.55 + 0.70 in group B (n = 10); P < 0.001. However, the absolute initial AFP values were not associated with the outcome, favourable or unfavourable. We conclude that AFP levels change dynamically during ALF and have the potential to be used as a predictor of outcome in isolation or in combination with well-established prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Varshney
- 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Rama Medical College, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rohit Gupta
- 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sanjiv K Verma
- 3 Professor, Department of Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sohaib Ahmad
- 3 Professor, Department of Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
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The human fetoembryonic defense system hypothesis: Twenty years on. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:71-88. [PMID: 27349751 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yazawa S, Takahashi R, Yokobori T, Sano R, Mogi A, Saniabadi AR, Kuwano H, Asao T. Fucosylated Glycans in α1-Acid Glycoprotein for Monitoring Treatment Outcomes and Prognosis of Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156277. [PMID: 27295180 PMCID: PMC4905682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One standard treatment option for advanced-stage cancer is surgical resection of malignant tumors following by adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Additionally, neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be applied if required. During the time course of treatments, patients are generally followed by computed tomography (CT) surveillance, and by tumor marker diagnosis. However, currently, early evidence of recurrence and/or metastasis of tumors with a clinically relevant biomarker remains a major therapeutic challenge. In particular, there has been no validated biomarker for predicting treatment outcomes in therapeutic settings. Recently, we have looked at glycoforms of serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) by using a crossed affinoimmunoelectrophoresis with two lectins and an anti-AGP antibody. The primary glycan structures of AGP were also analyzed by a mass spectrometer and a novel software in a large number of patients with various cancers. Accordingly, the relative abundance of α1,3fucosylated glycans in AGP (FUCAGP) was found to be significantly high in cancer patients as compared with the healthy controls. Further, strikingly elevated levels of FUCAGP were found in patients with poor prognosis but not in patients with good prognosis. In the current study, levels of FUCAGP in serum samples from various cancer patients were analyzed and 17 patients including 13 who had undergone chemotherapy were followed for several years post operation. FUCAGP level determined diligently by using a mass spectrometer was found to change along with disease prognosis as well as with responses to treatments, in particular, to various chemotherapies. Therefore, FUCAGP levels measured during following-up of the patients after operation appeared to be clinically relevant biomarker of treatment intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yazawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Mogi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Abby R. Saniabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Big Data Center for Integrative Analysis, Gunma University Initiative for Advance Research, Maebashi, Japan
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Enzymes for N-Glycan Branching and Their Genetic and Nongenetic Regulation in Cancer. Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6020025. [PMID: 27136596 PMCID: PMC4919920 DOI: 10.3390/biom6020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N-glycan, a fundamental and versatile protein modification in mammals, plays critical roles in various physiological and pathological events including cancer progression. The formation of N-glycan branches catalyzed by specific N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases [GnT-III, GnT-IVs, GnT-V, GnT-IX (Vb)] and a fucosyltransferase, Fut8, provides functionally diverse N-glycosylated proteins. Aberrations of these branches are often found in cancer cells and are profoundly involved in cancer growth, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we focus on the GlcNAc and fucose branches of N-glycans and describe how their expression is dysregulated in cancer by genetic and nongenetic mechanisms including epigenetics and nucleotide sugar metabolisms. We also survey the roles that these N-glycans play in cancer progression and therapeutics. Finally, we discuss possible applications of our knowledge on basic glycobiology to the development of medicine and biomarkers for cancer therapy.
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Lu J, Isaji T, Im S, Fukuda T, Kameyama A, Gu J. Expression of N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III Suppresses α2,3-Sialylation, and Its Distinctive Functions in Cell Migration Are Attributed to α2,6-Sialylation Levels. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5708-5720. [PMID: 26801611 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III), which catalyzes the addition of the bisecting GlcNAc branch on N-glycans, is usually described as a metastasis suppressor. Overexpression of GnT-III inhibited migration in multiple types of tumor cells. However, these results seem controversial to the clinical observations for the increased expression of GnT-III in human hepatomas, glioma, and ovarian cancers. Here, we present evidence that these inconsistencies are mainly attributed to the different expression pattern of cell sialylation. In detail, we show that overexpression of GnT-III significantly inhibits α2,3-sialylation but not α2,6-sialylation. The migratory ability of cells without or with a low level of α2,6-sialylation is consistently suppressed after GnT-III overexpression. In contrast, the effects of GnT-III overexpression are variable in tumor cells that are highly α2,6-sialylated. Overexpression of GnT-III promotes the cell migration in glioma cells U-251 and hepatoma cells HepG2, although it has little influence in human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and gastric cancer cell MKN-45. Interestingly, up-regulation of α2,6-sialylation by overexpressing β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltranferase 1 in the α2,6-hyposialylated HeLa-S3 cells abolishes the anti-migratory effects of GnT-III. Conversely, depletion of α2,6-sialylation by knock-out of β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltranferase 1 in α2,6-hypersialylated HepG2 cells endows GnT-III with the anti-migratory ability. Taken together, our data clearly demonstrate that high expression of α2,6-sialylation on the cell surface could affect the anti-migratory role of GnT-III, which provides an insight into the mechanistic roles of GnT-III in tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishun Lu
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558 and
| | - Tomoya Isaji
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558 and
| | - Sanghun Im
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558 and
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558 and
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- the Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558 and.
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Ambadipudi S, Zweckstetter M. Targeting intrinsically disordered proteins in rational drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 11:65-77. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susmitha Ambadipudi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Green CJ, Johnson D, Amin HD, Sivathondan P, Silva MA, Wang LM, Stevanato L, McNeil CA, Miljan EA, Sinden JD, Morten KJ, Hodson L. Characterization of lipid metabolism in a novel immortalized human hepatocyte cell line. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E511-22. [PMID: 26126685 PMCID: PMC4572456 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00594.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of hepatocyte cell models that represent fatty acid partitioning within the human liver would be beneficial for the study of the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We sought to develop and characterize a novel human liver cell line (LIV0APOLY) to establish a model of lipid accumulation using a physiological mixture of fatty acids under low- and high-glucose conditions. LIV0APOLY cells were compared with a well-established cell line (HepG2) and, where possible, primary human hepatocytes. LIV0APOLY cells were found to proliferate and express some mature liver markers and were wild type for the PNPLA3 (rs738409) gene, whereas HepG2 cells carried the Ile(148)Met variant that is positively associated with liver fat content. Intracellular triglyceride content was higher in HepG2 than in LIV0APOLY cells; exposure to high glucose and/or exogenous fatty acids increased intracellular triglyceride in both cell lines. Triglyceride concentrations in media were higher from LIV0APOLY compared with HepG2 cells. Culturing LIV0APOLY cells in high glucose increased a marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress and attenuated insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation whereas low glucose and exogenous fatty acids increased AMPK phosphorylation. Although LIV0APOLY cells and primary hepatocytes stored similar amounts of exogenous fatty acids as triglyceride, more exogenous fatty acids were partitioned toward oxidation in the LIV0APOLY cells than in primary hepatocytes. LIV0APOLY cells offer the potential to be a renewable cellular model for studying the effects of exogenous metabolic substrates on fatty acid partitioning; however, their usefulness as a model of lipoprotein metabolism needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Green
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harsh D Amin
- ReNeuron Group, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Sivathondan
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Silva
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Lai Mun Wang
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Catriona A McNeil
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Karl J Morten
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom;
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Vincze B, Gáspárdy A, Kulcsár M, Baska F, Bálint Á, Hegedűs GT, Szenci O. Equine alpha-fetoprotein levels in Lipizzaner mares with normal pregnancies and with pregnancy loss. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1581-6. [PMID: 26359849 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein has proved to be a good indicator of fetal well-being in human medicine for decades. Although this molecule is present in most of the mammalian species including horses, reference values in healthy and high-risk pregnant mares have not yet been published. The aim of the present study was to determine whether equine alpha-fetoprotein (eqAFP) is a good indicator of complicated pregnancies in Lipizzaner mares. A total of 111 serum samples from 30 mares have been analyzed for eqAFP levels throughout gestation (Days 60-325). After the pregnancy was confirmed, 23 mares had normal pregnancies with viable foals, six had late embryonic loss, and one of the mares aborted in the ninth gestational month. Equine alpha-fetoprotein concentrations significantly differed in the normal group (72.93 ± 49.25 pg/mL; mean ± standard deviation) and in the complicated pregnancy loss group (152 ± 36.48 pg/mL; mean ± standard deviation). The mares' age, gestational age, and the conception rate significantly affected the alpha-fetoprotein concentrations in the normal group. Furthermore, notable individual differences occurred in eqAFP concentrations between mares. Equine alpha-fetoprotein seems to be an important indicator of fetal well-being in horses, but there are still some unanswered questions (levels in foals of different age, ponies, and draft horses) regarding this serum protein. Large-scale studies are needed to assess the specificity, sensitivity, and reliability of this test as a possible future diagnostic tool for fetal well-being in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Vincze
- Department and Clinic of Equine Medicine, Szent István University, Üllő, Hungary; MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Department and Clinic of Production Animal Medicine, Üllő, Hungary.
| | - András Gáspárdy
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Margit Kulcsár
- Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Department of Pathology, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Bálint
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ottó Szenci
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Department and Clinic of Production Animal Medicine, Üllő, Hungary
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41
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Li W, Jiang X, Xue J, Zhou Z, Zhou J. Antibody modified gold nano-mushroom arrays for rapid detection of alpha-fetoprotein. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:468-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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42
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Glycans and cancer: role of N-glycans in cancer biomarker, progression and metastasis, and therapeutics. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 126:11-51. [PMID: 25727145 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is catalyzed by various glycosyltransferase enzymes which are mostly located in the Golgi apparatus in cells. These enzymes glycosylate various complex carbohydrates such as glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans. The enzyme activity of glycosyltransferases and their gene expression are altered in various pathophysiological situations including cancer. Furthermore, the activity of glycosyltransferases is controlled by various factors such as the levels of nucleotide sugars, acceptor substrates, nucleotide sugar transporters, chaperons, and endogenous lectin in cancer cells. The glycosylation results in various functional changes of glycoproteins including cell surface receptors and adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin and integrins. These changes confer the unique characteristic phenotypes associated with cancer cells. Therefore, glycans play key roles in cancer progression and treatment. This review focuses on glycan structures, their biosynthetic glycosyltransferases, and their genes in relation to their biological significance and involvement in cancer, especially cancer biomarkers, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer progression and metastasis, and therapeutics. Major N-glycan branching structures which are directly related to cancer are β1,6-GlcNAc branching, bisecting GlcNAc, and core fucose. These structures are enzymatic products of glycosyltransferases, GnT-V, GnT-III, and Fut8, respectively. The genes encoding these enzymes are designated as MGAT5 (Mgat5), MGAT3 (Mgat3), and FUT8 (Fut8) in humans (mice in parenthesis), respectively. GnT-V is highly associated with cancer metastasis, whereas GnT-III is associated with cancer suppression. Fut8 is involved in expression of cancer biomarker as well as in the treatment of cancer. In addition to these enzymes, GnT-IV and GnT-IX (GnT-Vb) will be also discussed in relation to cancer.
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43
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Severin ES. New approaches to targeted drug delivery to tumour cells. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jin S, Lin X, Guan H, Wu J. Cell-specific expression of the analgesic-antitumor peptide coding sequence under the control of the human α-fetoprotein gene promoter and enhancer. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:863-867. [PMID: 25667643 PMCID: PMC4316983 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to construct a gene-modified hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific analgesic-antitumor peptide (AGAP) expression vector regulated by the α-fetoprotein (AFP) promoter and enhancer, in order to evaluate its effect. The AFP promoter is generally used in HCC-specific gene therapy strategies. However, this approach is limited by the weak activity of the AFP promoter. Linking the AFP enhancer and promoter has been shown to generate a stronger and more HCC-selective promoter. The AGAP DNA fragment was amplified from the total RNA of the Chinese scorpion, Buthus martensii Karsch. The fragment was subsequently cloned into the pAFP plasmid with the minimal essential DNA fragment, which included the AFP gene promoter and enhancer, to construct the recombinant plasmid, pAFP-AGAP. The plasmid was transfected into HepG2 cells and the mRNA expression levels of AGAP were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) was used to analyze the cytotoxicity of plasmid transfection. The length, position and orientation of the inserted AGAP gene were all confirmed to be correct; thus, the recombinant vector was successfully constructed. Using RT-PCR and CCK-8 analysis, the mRNA expression levels of AGAP and the cytotoxicity in AFP-producing human HCC cells were determined. The AFP promoter and enhancer were found to specifically accelerate the expression of the target genes within the cells that were positive for AFP. Therefore, the method used in the present study was demonstrated to be a novel integration of traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xianfan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Huaqin Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Kew MC. Whither α-FP in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma? J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2015; 2:119-21. [PMID: 27508200 PMCID: PMC4918290 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s91667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Kew
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Rajesh V, Kavitha KNVK, Vishali K, Raju C, Gayathri K, Sruthi A. Protective effect Courouptia guianensis flower extract against N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatic damage in wistar albino rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-014-0175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Low alpha-fetoprotein HCC and the role of GGTP. Int J Biol Markers 2014; 29:e395-402. [PMID: 24832180 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HCC patients are heterogeneous in terms of both tumor and liver factors. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an important prognostic tumor marker for those patients with elevated AFP levels. AIMS To examine the differences in HCC patients with high or low AFP levels in blood and evaluate the prognostic parameters in low AFP patients. METHODS A cohort of 2,440 HCC patients from 11 Italian medical centers was studied. AFP-positive patients were compared to AFP-negative ones, and the blood and tumor parameters of AFP-negative patients were examined. RESULTS Low blood AFP levels were found in 58% of the total cohort, in 64% of patients with small HCCs, and in 51% of patients with large HCCs. In patients with large tumors, platelet and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) levels, tumor multifocality and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) incidence were all greater than in patients with small tumors, regardless of AFP status. Patients with higher AFP levels had worse survival rates than those with low AFP in each tumor size group. In patients with small tumors, the elevated AFP was associated with significantly increased PVT and worse survival. In patients with large tumors, the elevated AFP was associated with significantly higher GGTP, ALKP, and bilirubin levels, as well as with increased PVT and multifocality, and worse survival. Low-AFP patients with high GGTP levels had worse survival than patients with low GGTP levels. CONCLUSION Patients with low AFP were the majority in this cohort, and patients with elevated GGTP had worse prognosis than those with low GGTP. GGTP may be a useful tumor and prognosis marker in low-AFP patients. AFP-negative patients are important to identify due to their enhanced survival.
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Liu YR, Lin BB, Zeng DW, Zhu YY, Chen J, Zheng Q, Dong J, Jiang JJ. Alpha-fetoprotein level as a biomarker of liver fibrosis status: a cross-sectional study of 619 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis B. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:145. [PMID: 25128299 PMCID: PMC4139492 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and pathological stages of liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods The study included 619 patients who were diagnosed with CHB from March 2005 to December 2011. AFP levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence. Liver biopsy samples were classified into five levels of inflammation (G) and fibrosis (S) stages, according to the Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis. Two multivariable ordinal regression models were performed to determine associations between AFP, GGT, and APRI (AST/PLT ratio) and stages of inflammation and fibrosis. Results Significant positive and moderate correlations were shown between AFP levels and inflammation stages and between AFP levels and fibrosis stages (ρ = 0.436 and 0.404, p < 0.001). Median values of AFP at liver fibrosis stages S0-1, S2, S3, and S4 were 3.0, 3.4, 5.4, and 11.3 ng/ml, respectively, and median APRI (AST/PLT ratio) was 0.41. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed that the areas under the curves (AUCs) were 0.685, 0.727, and 0.755 (all p <0.001) for judging inflammation stages of G ≥ 2, G ≥ 3, G = 4 by AFP; and 0.691, 0.717, and 0.718 (all p <0.001) for judging fibrosis stages of S ≥ 2, S ≥ 3, and S = 4 by AFP. APRI levels showed significant positive and moderate correlations with inflammation stages (ρ = 0.445, p < 0.001). AST, GGT, and APRI levels showed significant positive but very weak to weak correlations with fibrosis stages (ρ = 0.137, 0.237, 0.281, p < 0.001). Conclusions Serum AFP levels increased as pathological levels of inflammation and fibrosis increased in CHB patients. Our data showed the clinical significance of serum AFP levels in diagnosing liver inflammation and fibrosis. Assessment of liver pathology may be improved by creating a predictive mathematical model by which AFP levels with other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Dong
- Center for Liver Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China.
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Meleti D, De Oliveira LG, Araujo Júnior E, Caetano ACR, Boute T, Nardozza LMM, Moron AF. Evaluation of passage of fetal erythrocytes into maternal circulation after invasive obstetric procedures. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 39:1374-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meleti
- Department of Obstetrics; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Tatiane Boute
- Department of Obstetrics; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); São Paulo SP Brazil
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Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a major mammalian embryo-specific and tumor-associated protein that is also present in small quantities in adults at normal conditions. Discovery of the phenomenon of AFP biosynthesis in carcinogenesis by G. Abelev and Yu. Tatarinov 50 years ago, in 1963, provoked intensive studies of this protein. AFPs of some mammalian species were isolated, purified and physico-chemically and immunochemically characterized. Despite the significant success in study of AFP, its three-dimensional structure, mechanisms of receptor binding along with a structure of the receptor itself and, what is the most important, its biological role in embryo- and carcinogenesis remain still obscure. Due to difficulties linked with methodological limitations, research of AFP was to some extent extinguished by the 1990 s. However, over the last decade a growing number of investigations of AFP and its usage as a tumor-specific biomarker have been observed. This was caused by the use of new technologies, primarily, computer-based and genetic engineering approaches in studying of this very important oncodevelopmental protein. Our review summarizes efforts of different scientific groups throughout the world in studying AFP for 50 years with emphasis on detailed description of recent achievements in this field.
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