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Sebzda T, Karwacki J, Cichoń A, Modrzejewska K, Heimrath J, Łątka M, Gnus J, Gburek J. Association of Serum Proteases and Acute Phase Factors Levels with Survival Outcomes in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2471. [PMID: 39001534 PMCID: PMC11240471 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a substantial burden on global healthcare, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in screening methodologies, its incidence remains high, necessitating continued efforts in early detection and treatment. Neoplastic invasion and metastasis are primary determinants of CRC lethality, emphasizing the urgency of understanding underlying mechanisms to develop effective therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to explore the potential of serum biomarkers in predicting survival outcomes in CRC patients, with a focus on cathepsin B (CB), leukocytic elastase (LE), total sialic acid (TSA), lipid-associated sialic acid (LASA), antitrypsin activity (ATA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cystatin C (CC). We recruited 185 CRC patients and 35 healthy controls, assessing demographic variables, tumor characteristics, and 7 serum biomarker levels, including (1) CB, (2) LE, (3) TSA, (4) LASA, (5) ATA, (6) CRP, and (7) CC. Statistical analyses included ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc tests and MANOVA for continuous variables. Student's t-test was used for dependent samples, while non-parametric tests like Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were applied for variables deviating from the normal distribution. Categorical variables were assessed using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was utilized to examine variable correlations. Survival analysis employed the Kaplan-Meier method with a log-rank test for comparing survival times between groups. Significant associations were observed between CB (p = 0.04), LE (p = 0.01), and TSA (p = 0.008) levels and survival outcomes in CRC patients. Dukes' classification stages also showed a significant correlation with survival (p = 0.001). However, no significant associations were found for LASA, ATA, CRP, and CC. Multivariate analysis of LE, TSA, and ATA demonstrated a notable correlation with survival (p = 0.041), notwithstanding ATA's lack of significance in univariate analysis (p = 0.13). CB, LE, and TSA emerged as promising diagnostic markers with prognostic value in CRC, potentially aiding in early diagnosis and treatment planning. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore additional prognostic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Sebzda
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jakub Karwacki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Cichoń
- Regional Specialist Hospital of St. Barbara, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | | | | | - Mirosław Łątka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jan Gnus
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-355 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jakub Gburek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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2
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Dhillon J, Pandey S, Newman JW, Fiehn O, Ortiz RM. Metabolic Responses to an Acute Glucose Challenge: The Differential Effects of Eight Weeks of Almond vs. Cracker Consumption in Young Adults. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.19.24307571. [PMID: 38826341 PMCID: PMC11142291 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.19.24307571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the dynamic responses to an acute glucose challenge following chronic almond versus cracker consumption for 8 weeks (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03084003). Seventy-three young adults (age: 18-19 years, BMI: 18-41 kg/m2) participated in an 8-week randomized, controlled, parallel-arm intervention and were randomly assigned to consume either almonds (2 oz/d, n=38) or an isocaloric control snack of graham crackers (325 kcal/d, n=35) daily for 8 weeks. Twenty participants from each group underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) at the end of the 8-week intervention. Metabolite abundances in the oGTT serum samples were quantified using untargeted metabolomics, and targeted analyses for free PUFAs, total fatty acids, oxylipins, and endocannabinoids. Multivariate, univariate, and chemical enrichment analyses were conducted to identify significant metabolic shifts. Findings exhibit a biphasic lipid response distinguished by higher levels of unsaturated triglycerides in the earlier periods of the oGTT followed by lower levels in the latter period in the almond versus cracker group (p-value<0.05, chemical enrichment analyses). Almond (vs. cracker) consumption was also associated with higher AUC120 min of aminomalonate, and oxylipins (p-value<0.05), but lower AUC120 min of L-cystine, N-acetylmannosamine, and isoheptadecanoic acid (p-value<0.05). Additionally, the Matsuda Index in the almond group correlated with AUC120 min of CE 22:6 (r=-0.46; p-value<0.05) and 12,13 DiHOME (r=0.45; p-value<0.05). Almond consumption for 8 weeks leads to dynamic, differential shifts in response to an acute glucose challenge, marked by alterations in lipid and amino acid mediators involved in metabolic and physiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaapna Dhillon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia
- Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, India
| | - John W. Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis
| | - Rudy M. Ortiz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced
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Siddique AR, Bhagwat GS. Erythrocytes Nanoparticle Delivery: A Boon for Targeting Tumor. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:132-146. [PMID: 38585450 PMCID: PMC10997934 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although nanoparticles (NPs) have many advantages as drug delivery systems, their poor stability in circulation, premature drug release, and nonspecific uptake in non-target organs have prompted biomimetic approaches to camouflage nano vehicles using natural cell membranes. Among them, which are extensively studied in erythrocytes, are the most abundant circulating blood cells. They are specially used for biomimetic coating on artificial NPs due to their excellent properties of good biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-immunogenicity, and long-term blood circulation. Erythrocyte-mimicking nanoparticles (EM-NPs) are prepared by combining nanoparticle cores with naturally derived erythrocyte (red blood cell or RBC) membranes. Compared with conventional nanosystems, EM-NPs hold the preferable characteristics of prolonged blood circulation time and immune evasion. In this review, the biomimetic platform of erythrocyte membrane-coated NPs is described in various aspects, with particular focus placed on the coating mechanism, preparation methods, characterization method, and recent advances in the biomedical applications of EM-NPs concerning cancer and targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geeta Sameer Bhagwat
- Pharmaceutics Department, DY Patil University School of Pharmacy, Sector-7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India
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Gorenflos López JL, Dornan GL, Boback N, Neuenschwander M, Oder A, Kemnitz-Hassanin K, Schmieder P, Specker E, Asikoglu HC, Oberdanner C, Seyffarth C, von Kries JP, Lauster D, Hinderlich S, Hackenberger CPR. Small Molecules Targeting Human UDP-GlcNAc 2-Epimerase. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300555. [PMID: 37769151 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (GNE) is a key enzyme in the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway. Sialic acids are primarily terminal carbohydrates on glycans and play fundamental roles in health and disease. In search of effective GNE inhibitors not based on a carbohydrate scaffold, we performed a high-throughput screening campaign of 68,640 drug-like small molecules against recombinant GNE using a UDP detection assay. We validated nine of the primary actives with an orthogonal real-time NMR assay and verified their IC50 values in the low micromolar to nanomolar range manually. Stability and solubility studies revealed three compounds for further evaluation. Thermal shift assays, analytical size exclusion, and interferometric scattering microscopy demonstrated that the GNE inhibitors acted on the oligomeric state of the protein. Finally, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) revealed which sections of GNE were shifted upon the addition of the inhibitors. In summary, we have identified three small molecules as GNE inhibitors with high potency in vitro, which serve as promising candidates to modulate sialic acid biosynthesis in more complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Gorenflos López
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gillian L Dornan
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Boback
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Biopharmazeutika, Kelchstr. 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Neuenschwander
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Oder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Kemnitz-Hassanin
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edgar Specker
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hatice Ceyda Asikoglu
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berliner Hochschule für Technik (BHT), Seestrasse 64, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carola Seyffarth
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Biopharmazeutika, Kelchstr. 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Hinderlich
- Berliner Hochschule für Technik (BHT), Seestrasse 64, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Cheeseman J, Badia C, Elgood-Hunt G, Gardner RA, Trinh DN, Monopoli MP, Kuhnle G, Spencer DIR, Osborn HMI. Elevated concentrations of Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac 2 in human plasma: potential biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:645-654. [PMID: 37991561 PMCID: PMC10788320 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of health conditions affecting the heart and vascular system with very high prevalence and mortality rates. The presence of CVD is characterised by high levels of inflammation which have previously been associated with increased plasma concentrations of N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). While Neu5Ac has been studied in the context of CVD, Neu5,9Ac2 has not, despite being the second most abundant sialic acid in human plasma. A small-scale pilot study of thirty plasma samples from patients with diagnosed CVD, and thirty age and sex-matched healthy controls, was designed to gain insight into sialic acids as biomarkers for CVD and potential future areas of study. Each sample was assayed for Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac2 concentrations. Mean Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac2 concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with CVD compared to healthy controls (Neu5Ac: P < 0.001; Neu5,9Ac2: P < 0.04). Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis indicated that both Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac2 have reasonable predictive power for the presence of CVD (Neu5Ac AUC: 0.86; Neu5,9Ac2 AUC: 0.71). However, while Neu5Ac had both good sensitivity (0.82) and specificity (0.81), Neu5,9Ac2 had equivalent specificity (0.81) but very poor sensitivity (0.44). A combination marker of Neu5Ac + Neu5,9Ac2 showed improvement over Neu5Ac alone in terms of predictive power (AUC: 0.93), sensitivity (0.87), and specificity (0.90). Comparison to a known inflammatory marker, high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP: P-value: NS, ROC:0.50) was carried out, showing that both Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac2 outperformed this marker. Further to this, hs-CRP values were combined with the three different sialic acid markers to determine any effect on the AUC values. A slight improvement in AUC was noted for each of the combinations, with Neu5Ac + Neu5,9Ac2 + hs-CRP giving the best AUC of 0.97 overall. Thus, Neu5Ac would appear to offer good potential as a predictive marker for the presence of CVD, which the addition of Neu5,9Ac2 predictive power improves, with further improvement seen by the addition of hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Cheeseman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
- Ludger Ltd, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3EB, UK
| | | | | | | | - Duong N Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Marco P Monopoli
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Gunter Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
| | | | - Helen M I Osborn
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
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Lao Z, Li Y, Mi X, Tang Q, Li J, Chen Y, Yang Y. Synthetic pentatrideca-valent triazolylsialoside inhibits influenza virus hemagglutinin/neuraminidase and aggregates virion particles. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115578. [PMID: 37467617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic multivalent hemagglutinin and neuraminidase inhibitor was developed by the conjugation of a septa-valent triazolylsialoside to bovine serum albumin using di-(N-succinimidyl) adipate. Matrixassisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) confirmed the attachment of five septa-valent sialyl lactosides to the protein backbone, resulting in a pentatrideca-valent sialyl conjugate. This pseudo-glycoprotein demonstrated a high affinity for hemagglutinin/neuraminidase as well as for the drug-resistant NA mutation on the influenza virus surface due to the cluster effect. The conjugate also exhibited potent antiviral activity against a wide range of virus strains without cytotoxicity at high concentrations. Mechanistic studies revealed that the pentatrideca-valent sialyl conjugate bound strongly to the influenza virion particles through interactions with HA/NA on the virion surfaces. The KD of the interaction was approximately 1 μM, as determined by isothermal calorimetric titration, allowing the capture and trapping of the influenza virions and preventing their further infection of host cells. These findings provide insight into the development of new antiviral agents using multivalent sialic acid clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Lao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yang Li
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xue Mi
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Qi Tang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Al Saoud R, Hamrouni A, Idris A, Mousa WK, Abu Izneid T. Recent advances in the development of sialyltransferase inhibitors to control cancer metastasis: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115091. [PMID: 37421784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-associated mortalities, representing a huge health and economic burden. One of the mechanisms that enables metastasis is hypersialylation, characterized by an overabundance of sialylated glycans on the tumor surface, which leads to repulsion and detachment of cells from the original tumor. Once the tumor cells are mobilized, sialylated glycans hijack the natural killer T-cells through self-molecular mimicry and activatea downstream cascade of molecular events that result in inhibition of cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses against cancer cells, ultimately leading to immune evasion. Sialylation is mediated by a family of enzymes known as sialyltransferases (STs), which catalyse the transfer of sialic acid residue from the donor, CMP-sialic acid, onto the terminal end of an acceptor such as N-acetylgalactosamine on the cell-surface. Upregulation of STs increases tumor hypersialylation by up to 60% which is considered a distinctive hallmark of several types of cancers such as pancreatic, breast, and ovarian cancer. Therefore, inhibiting STs has emerged as a potential strategy to prevent metastasis. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the recent advances in designing novel sialyltransferase inhibitors using ligand-based drug design and high-throughput screening of natural and synthetic entities, emphasizing the most successful approaches. We analyse the limitations and challenges of designing selective, potent, and cell-permeable ST inhibitors that hindered further development of ST inhibitors into clinical trials. We conclude by analysing emerging opportunities, including advanced delivery methods which further increase the potential of these inhibitors to enrich the clinics with novel therapeutics to combat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranim Al Saoud
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amar Hamrouni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adi Idris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, QLD, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Walaa K Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tareq Abu Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Akimoto S, Tahara H, Yanagawa S, Ide K, Tanaka Y, Kobayashi T, Ohdan H. Heterophile carbohydrate antigen N-glycolylneuraminic acid as a potential biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1831. [PMID: 37265054 PMCID: PMC10432449 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high recurrence rate even after radical hepatectomy. More optimal biomarkers may help improve recurrence and prognosis. METHODS We investigated whether the oncological properties of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) can participate in the prognosis of HCC. We evaluated the NeuGc antigen (Ag) expression in the HCC tissues and measured the preoperative anti-NeuGc IgG antibodies (Abs) in the sera of the patients with HCC. We compared the clinical characteristics and survival rate in the hepatectomized patients (initial; n = 66, recurrent; n = 34) with and without the NeuGc Ag or Abs. RESULTS Multivariate analyses showed positive expression of NeuGc Ag in HCC tissues (Odds ratio; initial = 6.3, recurrent = 14.0) and higher titers of preoperative anti-NeuGc Ab (Odds ratio; initial = 4.9; recurrent = 3.8), which could be the predictive factors related to early recurrence. Both the NeuGc Ag-positive and Ab-positive groups in the initial hepatectomized patients exhibited significantly shorter recurrent free survival compared to those in the negative groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that anti-NeuGc Ab titers and NeuGc Ag expression in the HCC tissues can be used as the predictive factors for the postoperative recurrence and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Akimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Senichiro Yanagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant SurgeryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
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Harduin-Lepers A. The vertebrate sialylation machinery: structure-function and molecular evolution of GT-29 sialyltransferases. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:473-492. [PMID: 37247156 PMCID: PMC10225777 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Every eukaryotic cell is covered with a thick layer of complex carbohydrates with essential roles in their social life. In Deuterostoma, sialic acids present at the outermost positions of glycans of glycoconjugates are known to be key players in cellular interactions including host-pathogen interactions. Their negative charge and hydrophilic properties enable their roles in various normal and pathological states and their expression is altered in many diseases including cancers. Sialylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is orchestrated by the regulated expression of twenty sialyltransferases in human tissues with distinct enzymatic characteristics and preferences for substrates and linkages formed. However, still very little is known on the functional organization of sialyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus and how the sialylation machinery is finely regulated to provide the ad hoc sialome to the cell. This review summarizes current knowledge on sialyltransferases, their structure-function relationships, molecular evolution, and their implications in human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.
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10
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Huo A, Wang F. Biomarkers of ulcerative colitis disease activity CXCL1, CYP2R1, LPCAT1, and NEU4 and their relationship to immune infiltrates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12126. [PMID: 37495756 PMCID: PMC10372061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39012-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and assessment of ulcerative colitis (UC) poses significant challenges, which may result in inadequate treatment and a poor prognosis for patients. This study aims to identify potential activity biomarkers for UC and investigate the role of infiltrating immune cells in the disease. To perform gene set enrichment analysis, we utilized the cluster profiler and ggplot2 packages. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes was used to analyze degenerate enrichment genes. Significant gene set enrichment was determined using the cluster profiler and ggplot2 packages. Additionally, quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to validate the expression of each marker in the ulcerative colitis model. We identified 651 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and further investigated potential UC activity biomarkers. Our analysis revealed that CXCL1 (AUC = 0.710), CYP2R1 (AUC = 0.863), LPCAT1 (AUC = 0.783), and NEU4 (AUC = 0.833) were promising activity markers for the diagnosis of UC. Using rat DSS model, we validated these markers through qRT-PCR, which showed statistically significant differences between UC and normal colon mucosa. Infiltrating immune cell analysis indicated that M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, activated dendritic cells (DCs), and neutrophils played crucial roles in the occurrence and progression of UC. Moreover, the activity markers exhibited varying degrees of correlation with activated memory CD4 T cells, M0 macrophages, T follicular helper cells, memory B cells, and activated DCs. The potential diagnostic genes for UC activity, such as CXCL1, CYP2R1, LPCAT1, and NEU4, as well as the infiltration of immune cells, may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Huo
- Department of Nephropathy and Immunology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, No. 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, No. 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China.
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11
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Suzuki KGN, Komura N, Ando H. Recently developed glycosphingolipid probes and their dynamic behavior in cell plasma membranes as revealed by single-molecule imaging. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:305-314. [PMID: 37133616 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids, including gangliosides, are representative lipid raft markers that perform a variety of physiological roles in cell membranes. However, studies aimed at revealing their dynamic behavior in living cells are rare, mostly due to a lack of suitable fluorescent probes. Recently, the ganglio-series, lacto-series, and globo-series glycosphingolipid probes, which mimic the behavior of the parental molecules in terms of partitioning to the raft fraction, were developed by conjugating hydrophilic dyes to the terminal glycans of glycosphingolipids using state-of-art entirely chemical-based synthetic techniques. High-speed, single-molecule observation of these fluorescent probes revealed that gangliosides were scarcely trapped in small domains (100 nm in diameter) for more than 5 ms in steady-state cells, suggesting that rafts including gangliosides were always moving and very small. Furthermore, dual-color, single-molecule observations clearly showed that homodimers and clusters of GPI-anchored proteins were stabilized by transiently recruiting sphingolipids, including gangliosides, to form homodimer rafts and the cluster rafts, respectively. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies, the development of a variety of glycosphingolipid probes as well as the identification of the raft structures including gangliosides in living cells by single-molecule imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan.
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12
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Weng IC, Chen HL, Lin WH, Liu FT. Sialylation of cell surface glycoconjugates modulates cytosolic galectin-mediated responses upon organelle damage : Minireview. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:295-303. [PMID: 37052731 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Sialylation is an important terminal modification of glycoconjugates that mediate diverse functions in physiology and disease. In this review we focus on how altered cell surface sialylation status is sensed by cytosolic galectins when the integrity of intracellular vesicles or organelles is compromised to expose luminal glycans to the cytosolic milieu, and how this impacts galectin-mediated cellular responses. In addition, we discuss the roles of mammalian sialidases on the cell surface, in the organelle lumen and cytosol, and raise the possibility that intracellular glycan processing may be critical in controlling various galectin-mediated responses when cells encounter stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Weng
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Schnaar RL. Gangliosides as Siglec ligands. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:159-167. [PMID: 36701102 PMCID: PMC11000168 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The structure of a sialoglycan can be translated into to a biological response when it binds to a specific endogenous lectin. Among endogenous sialic acid-binding lectins in humans are those comprising the 15-member Siglec family, most of which are expressed on overlapping sets of immune cells. Endogenous Siglec ligands are sialoglycolipids (gangliosides) and/or sialoglycoproteins, on cell surfaces or in the extracellular milieu, that bind to and initiate signaling by cell surface Siglecs. In the nervous system, where gangliosides are the predominant sialoglycans, Siglec-4 (myelin-associated glycoprotein) on myelinating cells binds to gangliosides GD1a and GT1b on nerve cell axons to ensure stable and productive axon-myelin interactions. In the immune system, Siglec-7 on natural killer cells binds to gangliosides GD3 and GD2 to inhibit immune signaling. Expression of GD3 and GD2 on cancer cells can lead to tumor immune evasion. Siglec-1 (sialoadhesin, CD169) on macrophages binds to gangliosides on tumors and enveloped viruses. This may enhance antigen presentation in some cases, or increase viral distribution in others. Several other Siglecs bind to gangliosides in vitro, the biological significance of which has yet to be fully established. Gangliosides, which are found on all human cells and tissues in cell-specific distributions, are functional Siglec ligands with varied roles driving Siglec-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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14
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Meng X, Yan N, Guo T, Chen M, Sui D, Wang M, Zhang K, Liu X, Deng Y, Song Y. Antitumor Immunotherapy of Sialic Acid and/or GM1 Modified Coenzyme Q10 Submicron Emulsion. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:283. [PMID: 36253573 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach for controlling and killing tumor cells by stimulating or reconstituting the immune system, among which T cells serve as immune targets. Herein, we used coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which has both immune activation and avoids adverse reactions, as a model drug and developed four CoQ10 submicron emulsions modified with sialic acid (SA) and/or monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside (GM1). On the one hand, SA interacts with L-selectins on the surface of T cells after entering the circulatory system, leading to activation of T cells and enhancement of antitumor immune responses. On the other hand, owing to its immune camouflage, GM1 can prolong the circulation time of the preparation in the body, thereby increasing the accumulation of the drug at the tumor site. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SA-modified preparations exhibited stronger immune activation and inhibition of tumor proliferation. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that GM1-modified preparations have longer circulation times in vivo. However, SA and GM1 co-modification did not produce a synergistic effect on the preparation. In conclusion, the SA-modified CoQ10 submicron emulsion (Q10-SE) showed optimal antitumor efficacy when administered at a medium dose (6 mg CoQ10 kg-1). In this study, the submicron emulsion model was used as a carrier, and the tumor-bearing mice were used as animal models. In addition, CoQ10 submicron emulsion was modified with SA-CH with active targeting function and/or GM1 with long-circulation function to explore the antitumor effects of different doses of CoQ10 submicron emulsion, and to screen the best tumor immunotherapy formulations of CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, , Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, , Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, , Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, , Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Sui
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, , Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, , Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaituo Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, , Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, , Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihui Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, , Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, , Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Xie Y, Butler M. Serum N-glycomic profiling may provide potential signatures for surveillance of COVID-19. Glycobiology 2022; 32:871-885. [PMID: 35925863 PMCID: PMC9487901 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease development and progression are often associated with aberrant glycosylation, indicating that changes in biological fluid glycome may potentially serve as disease signatures. The corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents a significant threat to global human health. However, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the overall serum N-glycomic profile has been largely unexplored. Here, we extended our 96-well-plate-based high-throughput, high-sensitivity N-glycan profiling platform further with the aim of elucidating potential COVID-19-associated serum N-glycomic alterations. Use of this platform revealed both similarities and differences between the serum N-glycomic fingerprints of COVID-19 positive and control cohorts. Although there were no specific glycan peaks exclusively present or absent in COVID-19 positive cohort, this cohort showed significantly higher levels of glycans and variability. On the contrary, the overall N-glycomic profiles for healthy controls were well-contained within a narrow range. From the serum glycomic analysis, we were able to deduce changes in different glycan subclasses sharing certain structural features. Of significance was the hyperbranched and hypersialylated glycans and their derived glycan subclass traits. T-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (tSNE) and hierarchical heatmap clustering analysis were performed to identify 13 serum glycomic variables that potentially distinguished the COVID-19 positive from healthy controls. Such serum N-glycomic changes described herein may indicate or correlate to the changes in serum glycoproteins upon COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, mapping the serum N-glycome following SARS-CoV-2 infection may help us better understand the disease and enable "Long-COVID" surveillance to capture the full spectrum of persistent symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Xie
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Butler
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Wu D, Gilormini PA, Toda S, Biot C, Lion C, Guérardel Y, Sato C, Kitajima K. A novel C-domain-dependent inhibition of the rainbow trout CMP-sialic acid synthetase activity by CMP-deaminoneuraminic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 617:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Ogun OJ, Thaller G, Becker D. An Overview of the Importance and Value of Porcine Species in Sialic Acid Research. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060903. [PMID: 35741423 PMCID: PMC9219854 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Humans frequently interact with pigs and porcine meat is the most consumed red meat in the world. In addition, due to the many physiological and anatomical similarities shared between pigs and humans, in contrast to most mammalian species, pigs are a suitable model organism and pig organs can be used for xenotransplantation. However, one major challenge of porcine meat consumption and xenotransplantation is the xenoreactivity between red meat Neu5Gc sialic acid and human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, which are associated with certain diseases and disorders. Furthermore, pigs express both α2-3 and α2-6 Sia linkages that could serve as viable receptors for viral infections, reassortments, and cross-species transmission of viruses. Therefore, pigs play a significant role in sialic acid research and, in general, in human health. Abstract Humans frequently interact with pigs, whose meat is also one of the primary sources of animal protein. They are one of the main species at the center of sialic acid (Sia) research. Sias are sugars at terminals of glycoconjugates, are expressed at the cell surfaces of mammals, and are important in cellular interactions. N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) are notable Sias in mammals. Cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) encodes the CMAH enzyme that biosynthesizes Neu5Gc. Although humans cannot endogenously synthesize Neu5Gc due to the inactivation of this gene by a mutation, Neu5Gc can be metabolically incorporated into human tissues from red meat consumption. Interactions between Neu5Gc and human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies have been associated with certain diseases and disorders. In this review, we summarized the sialic acid metabolic pathway, its regulation and link to viral infections, as well as the importance of the pig as a model organism in Sia research, making it a possible source of Neu5Gc antigens affecting human health. Future research in solving the structures of crucial enzymes involved in Sia metabolism, as well as their regulation and interactions with other enzymes, especially CMAH, could help to understand their function and reduce the amount of Neu5Gc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwamayowa Joshua Ogun
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany;
- Correspondence: (O.J.O.); (D.B.)
| | - Georg Thaller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Doreen Becker
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (O.J.O.); (D.B.)
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18
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Choi Y, Kim J, Chae J, Hong J, Park J, Jeong E, Kim H, Tanaka M, Okochi M, Choi J. Surface glycan targeting for cancer nano-immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 342:321-336. [PMID: 34998918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Most of the immunotherapeutics approved by the FDA regulate the innate immune system and associated immune cell activity, with immune check inhibitors in particular having transformed the field of cancer immunotherapy due to their significant clinical potential. However, previously reported immunotherapeutics have exhibited undesirable side effects, including autoimmune toxicity and inflammation. Controlling these deleterious responses and designing therapeutics that can precisely target specific regions are thus crucial to improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Recent studies have reported that cancer cells employ glycan-immune checkpoint interactions to modulate immune cell activity. Thus, the recognition of cancer glycan moieties such as sialoglycans may improve the anticancer activity of immune cells. In this review, we discuss recent advances in cancer immunotherapies involving glycans and glycan-targeting technologies based on nanomaterial-assisted local delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Chae
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohye Hong
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongjun Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseo Jeong
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S1-24, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S1-24, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Strategic design of photofunctional transition metal complexes for cancer diagnosis and therapy. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Oxygen-Dependent Changes in the N-Glycome of Murine Pulmonary Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121947. [PMID: 34943050 PMCID: PMC8750181 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen is frequently used together with mechanical ventilation to achieve sufficient blood oxygenation. Despite the undoubted benefits, it is vigorously debated whether too much oxygen can also have unpredicted side-effects. Uncertainty is also due to the fact that the molecular mechanisms are still insufficiently understood. The lung endothelium is covered with an exceptionally broad glycocalyx, carrying N- and O-glycans, proteoglycans, glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans. Glycan structures are not genetically determined but depend on the metabolic state and the expression level and activity of biosynthetic and glycan remodeling enzymes, which can be influenced by oxygen and the redox status of the cell. Altered glycan structures can affect cell interactions and signaling. In this study, we investigated the effect of different oxygen conditions on aspects of the glycobiology of the pulmonary endothelium with an emphasis on N-glycans and terminal sialylation using an in vitro cell culture system. We combined a proteomic approach with N-glycan structure analysis by LC-MS, qRT-PCR, sialic acid analysis and lectin binding to show that constant and intermittent hyperoxia induced time dependent changes in global and surface glycosylation. An siRNA approach identified St6gal1 as being primarily responsible for the early transient increase of α2-6 sialylated structures in response to hyperoxia.
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21
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Kawanishi K, Coker JK, Grunddal KV, Dhar C, Hsiao J, Zengler K, Varki N, Varki A, Gordts PL. Dietary Neu5Ac Intervention Protects Against Atherosclerosis Associated With Human-Like Neu5Gc Loss-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2730-2739. [PMID: 34587757 PMCID: PMC8551057 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Species-specific pseudogenization of the CMAH gene during human evolution eliminated common mammalian sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) biosynthesis from its precursor N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). With metabolic nonhuman Neu5Gc incorporation into endothelia from red meat, the major dietary source, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies appeared. Human-like Ldlr-/-Cmah-/- mice on a high-fat diet supplemented with a Neu5Gc-enriched mucin, to mimic human red meat consumption, suffered increased atherosclerosis if human-like anti-Neu5Gc antibodies were elicited. Approach and Results We now ask whether interventional Neu5Ac feeding attenuates metabolically incorporated Neu5Gc-mediated inflammatory acceleration of atherogenesis in this Cmah-/-Ldlr-/- model system. Switching to a Neu5Gc-free high-fat diet or adding a 5-fold excess of Collocalia mucoid-derived Neu5Ac in high-fat diet protects against accelerated atherosclerosis. Switching completely from a Neu5Gc-rich to a Neu5Ac-rich diet further reduces severity. Remarkably, feeding Neu5Ac-enriched high-fat diet alone has a substantial intrinsic protective effect against atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice even in the absence of dietary Neu5Gc but only in the human-like Cmah-null background. Conclusions Interventional Neu5Ac feeding can mitigate or prevent the red meat/Neu5Gc-mediated increased risk for atherosclerosis, and has an intrinsic protective effect, even in the absence of Neu5Gc feeding. These findings suggest that similar interventions should be tried in humans and that Neu5Ac-enriched diets alone should also be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Kawanishi
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Joanna K Coker
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Kaare V. Grunddal
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Chirag Dhar
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jason Hsiao
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Nissi Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Philip L.S.M. Gordts
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
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22
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Cavalcante T, Medeiros MM, Mule SN, Palmisano G, Stolf BS. The Role of Sialic Acids in the Establishment of Infections by Pathogens, With Special Focus on Leishmania. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:671913. [PMID: 34055669 PMCID: PMC8155805 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates or glycans are ubiquitous components of the cell surface which play crucial biological and structural roles. Sialic acids (Sias) are nine-carbon atoms sugars usually present as terminal residues of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface or secreted. They have important roles in cellular communication and also in infection and survival of pathogens. More than 20 pathogens can synthesize or capture Sias from their hosts and incorporate them into their own glycoconjugates and derivatives. Sialylation of pathogens’ glycoconjugates may be crucial for survival inside the host for numerous reasons. The role of Sias in protozoa such as Trypanosoma and Leishmania was demonstrated in previous studies. This review highlights the importance of Sias in several pathogenic infections, focusing on Leishmania. We describe in detail the contributions of Sias, Siglecs (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins) and Neuraminidase 1 (NEU 1) in the course of Leishmania infection. A detailed view on the structural and functional diversity of Leishmania-related Sias and host-cell receptors will be provided, as well as the results of functional studies performed with different Leishmania species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medina Medeiros
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simon Ngao Mule
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Simonsen Stolf
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Kawanishi K, Saha S, Diaz S, Vaill M, Sasmal A, Siddiqui SS, Choudhury B, Sharma K, Chen X, Schoenhofen IC, Sato C, Kitajima K, Freeze HH, Münster-Kühnel A, Varki A. Evolutionary conservation of human ketodeoxynonulosonic acid production is independent of sialoglycan biosynthesis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137681. [PMID: 33373330 DOI: 10.1172/jci137681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metabolic incorporation of nonhuman sialic acid (Sia) N-glycolylneuraminic acid into endogenous glycans generates inflammation via preexisting antibodies, which likely contributes to red meat-induced atherosclerosis acceleration. Exploring whether this mechanism affects atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), we instead found serum accumulation of 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid (Kdn), a Sia prominently expressed in cold-blooded vertebrates. In patients with ESRD, levels of the Kdn precursor mannose also increased, but within a normal range. Mannose ingestion by healthy volunteers raised the levels of urinary mannose and Kdn. Kdn production pathways remained conserved in mammals but were diminished by an M42T substitution in a key biosynthetic enzyme, N-acetylneuraminate synthase. Remarkably, reversion to the ancestral methionine then occurred independently in 2 lineages, including humans. However, mammalian glycan databases contain no Kdn-glycans. We hypothesize that the potential toxicity of excess mannose in mammals is partly buffered by conversion to free Kdn. Thus, mammals probably conserve Kdn biosynthesis and modulate it in a lineage-specific manner, not for glycosylation, but to control physiological mannose intermediates and metabolites. However, human cells can be forced to express Kdn-glycans via genetic mutations enhancing Kdn utilization, or by transfection with fish enzymes producing cytidine monophosphate-Kdn (CMP-Kdn). Antibodies against Kdn-glycans occur in pooled human immunoglobulins. Pathological conditions that elevate Kdn levels could therefore result in antibody-mediated inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Kawanishi
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Sudeshna Saha
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Michael Vaill
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Shoib S Siddiqui
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | | | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis (UCD), Davis, California, USA
| | - Ian C Schoenhofen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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24
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Highly Porous, Molecularly Imprinted Core–Shell Type Boronate Affinity Sorbent with a Large Surface Area for Enrichment and Detection of Sialic Acid Isomers. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-01890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Yang H, Lu L, Chen X. An overview and future prospects of sialic acids. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 46:107678. [PMID: 33285252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are negatively charged functional monosaccharides present in a wide variety of natural sources (plants, animals and microorganisms). Sias play an important role in many life processes, which are widely applied in the medical and food industries as intestinal antibacterials, antivirals, anti-oxidative agents, food ingredients, and detoxification agents. Most Sias are composed of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, >99%), and Sia is its most commonly used name. In this article, we review Sias in terms of their structures, applications, determination methods, metabolism, and production strategies. In particular, we summarise and compare different production strategies, including extraction from natural sources, chemical synthesis, polymer decomposition, enzymatic synthesis, whole-cell catalysis, and de novo biosynthesis via microorganism fermentation. We also discuss research on their physiological functions and applications, barriers to efficient production, and strategies for overcoming these challenges. We focus on efficient de novo biosynthesis strategies for Neu5Ac via microbial fermentation using novel synthetic biology tools and methods that may be applied in future. This work provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances on Sias, and addresses future challenges regarding their functions, applications, and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liping Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; College of life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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26
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Dolinski AC, Jankowski MD, Fair JM, Owen JC. The association between SAα2,3Gal occurrence frequency and avian influenza viral load in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and blue-winged teals (Spatula discors). BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:430. [PMID: 33167978 PMCID: PMC7653716 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individual heterogeneity in pathogen load can affect disease transmission dynamics; therefore, identifying intrinsic factors responsible for variation in pathogen load is necessary for determining which individuals are prone to be most infectious. Because low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) preferentially bind to alpha-2,3 sialic acid receptors (SAα2,3Gal) in the intestines and bursa of Fabricius in wild ducks (Anas and Spatula spp.), we investigated juvenile mallards (Anas platyrhyncos) and blue-winged teals (Anas discors) orally inoculated with A/northern pintail/California/44221–761/2006 (H5N9) and the virus titer relationship to occurrence frequency of SAα2,3Gal in the intestines and bursa. To test the natural variation of free-ranging duck populations, birds were hatched and raised in captivity from eggs collected from nests of free-ranging birds in North Dakota, USA. Data generated from qPCR were used to quantify virus titers in cloacal swabs, ileum tissue, and bursa of Fabricius tissue, and lectin histochemistry was used to quantify the occurrence frequency of SAα2,3Gal. Linear mixed models were used to analyze infection status, species, and sex-based differences. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between virus titer and SAα2,3Gal occurrence frequency. Results In mallards, we found high individual variation in virus titers significantly related to high variation of SAα2,3Gal in the ileum. In contrast to mallards, individual variation in teals was minimal and significant relationships between virus titers and SAα2,3Gal were not determined. Collectively, teals had both higher virus titers and a higher occurrence frequency of SAα2,3Gal compared to mallards, which may indicate a positive association between viral load and SAα2,3Gal. Statistically significant differences were observed between infected and control birds indicating that LPAIV infection may influence the occurrence frequency of SAα2,3Gal, or vice versa, but only in specific tissues. Conclusions The results of this study provide quantitative evidence that SAα2,3Gal abundance is related to LPAIV titers; thus, SAα2,3Gal should be considered a potential intrinsic factor influencing variation in LPAIV load. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-020-02642-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Dolinski
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Mark D Jankowski
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeanne M Fair
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Biosecurity & Public Health, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Jennifer C Owen
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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27
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Shajahan A, Supekar NT, Wu H, Wands AM, Bhat G, Kalimurthy A, Matsubara M, Ranzinger R, Kohler JJ, Azadi P. Mass Spectrometric Method for the Unambiguous Profiling of Cellular Dynamic Glycosylation. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2692-2701. [PMID: 32809798 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Various biological processes at the cellular level are regulated by glycosylation which is a highly microheterogeneous post-translational modification (PTM) on proteins and lipids. The dynamic nature of glycosylation can be studied through metabolic incorporation of non-natural sugars into glycan epitopes and their detection using bio-orthogonal probes. However, this approach possesses a significant drawback due to nonspecific background reactions and ambiguity of non-natural sugar metabolism. Here, we report a probe-free strategy for their direct detection by glycoproteomics and glycomics using mass spectrometry (MS). The method dramatically simplifies the detection of non-natural functional group bearing monosaccharides installed through promiscuous sialic acid, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) biosynthetic pathways. Multistage enrichment of glycoproteins by cellular fractionation, subsequent ZIC-HILIC (zwitterionic-hydrophilic interaction chromatography) based glycopeptide enrichment, and a spectral enrichment algorithm for the MS data processing enabled direct detection of non-natural monosaccharides that are incorporated at low abundance on the N/O-glycopeptides along with their natural counterparts. Our approach allowed the detection of both natural and non-natural sugar bearing glycopeptides, N- and O-glycopeptides, differentiation of non-natural monosaccharide types on the glycans and also their incorporation efficiency through quantitation. Through this, we could deduce interconversion of monosaccharides during their processing through glycan salvage pathway and subsequent incorporation into glycan chains. The study of glycosylation dynamics through this method can be conducted in high throughput, as few sample processing steps are involved, enabling understanding of glycosylation dynamics under various external stimuli and thereby could bolster the use of metabolic glycan engineering in glycosylation functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Nitin T. Supekar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Amberlyn M. Wands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Ganapati Bhat
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Aravind Kalimurthy
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Masaaki Matsubara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Rene Ranzinger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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28
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Gram-Negative Bacterial Endotoxin LPS Induces NeuGc Loss through Ets1-Dependent Downregulation of Intestine-Specific pcmah Transcript in Porcine Intestinal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144892. [PMID: 32664459 PMCID: PMC7402312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), a non-human sialic acid derivative synthesized by cytidine-5′-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH), plays a crucial role in mediating infections by certain pathogens. Although it has been postulated that NeuGc biosynthesis and CMAH expression are downregulated during microbial infection, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study showed that exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, leads to loss of NeuGc biosynthesis in pig small intestinal I2I-2I cells. This LPS-induced NeuGc loss was accompanied by decreased CMAH transcript levels, especially intestine-specific 5′pcmah-1. Furthermore, LPS suppressed the activity of the Pi promoter responsible for 5′pcmah-1 by inhibiting DNA binding of Est1. These findings provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms of Neu5Gc biosynthesis during pathogenic infectious events, which may represent a host defense mechanism that protects the self against pathogenic bacterial infections even in non-sanitary environments.
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29
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Potential role of ovomucin and its peptides in modulation of intestinal health: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:385-393. [PMID: 32569696 PMCID: PMC7305749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal dysfunction, which may cause a series of metabolic diseases, has become a worldwide health problem. In the past few years, studies have shown that consumption of poultry eggs has the potential to prevent a variety of metabolic diseases, and increasing attention has been directed to the bioactive proteins and their peptides in poultry eggs. This review mainly focused on the biological activities of an important egg-derived protein named ovomucin. Ovomucin and its derivatives have good anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunity-regulating and other biological functions. These activities may affect the physical, biological and immune barriers associated with intestinal health. This paper reviewed the structure and the structure-activity relationship of ovomucin,the potential role of ovomucin and its derivatives in modulation of intestinal health are also summarized. Finally, the potential applications of ovomucin and its peptides as functional food components to prevent and assist in the pretreatment of intestinal health problems are prospected.
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30
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Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Samiei A, Rajabi S, Mohammadi V, Anassori E, Ehteshamfar S. Status of oxidative stress, trace elements, sialic acid and cholinesterase activity in cattle naturally infected with Babesia bigemina. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 71:101503. [PMID: 32505767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Babesia bigemina infection (also known as Texas fever) is reported as the most prevalent and main causative agent of bovine babesiosis, worldwide. The current study was undertaken to assess indicators of oxidative stress including activities of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidation status of biomolecules and serum levels of trace elements as well as indicators of inflammation including sialic acid (SA) contents and cholinesterase activity in cattle naturally infected with B. bigemina. An infected group comprised of 20 crossbred Holstein cattle (3-4 years old) were diagnosed to be positive by both microscopy and nested PCR assay. The infected animals were subdivided into two groups according to their parasitemia rates (<20 % and>20 %). Furthermore, 10 healthy cattle were included as the control. The infection caused severe anemia in a parasitemia-burden dependent fashion. The activities of catalase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the levels of TAC, zinc, selenium, copper and manganese were significantly decreased as the parasitemia increased, accordingly. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of malondialdehyde, protein carbonylation, DNA damage and iron, were significantly elevated in a parasitemeia-burden dependent manner. Additionally, glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly elevated with the lower rate of parasitemia, but the higher rate had no significant effect as compared to control. Moreover, total, protein and lipid binding SA contents were significantly increased but the activities of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were significantly reduced, parasitemia dependently. Conclusively, the infection was remarkably associated with the induction of anemia, oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Esmaeilnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mousa Tavassoli
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Awat Samiei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rajabi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Mohammadi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ehsan Anassori
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahin Ehteshamfar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Bauer TJ, Gombocz E, Wehland M, Bauer J, Infanger M, Grimm D. Insight in Adhesion Protein Sialylation and Microgravity Dependent Cell Adhesion-An Omics Network Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051749. [PMID: 32143440 PMCID: PMC7084616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion behavior of human tissue cells changes in vitro, when gravity forces affecting these cells are modified. To understand the mechanisms underlying these changes, proteins involved in cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, their expression, accumulation, localization, and posttranslational modification (PTM) regarding changes during exposure to microgravity were investigated. As the sialylation of adhesion proteins is influencing cell adhesion on Earth in vitro and in vivo, we analyzed the sialylation of cell adhesion molecules detected by omics studies on cells, which change their adhesion behavior when exposed to microgravity. Using a knowledge graph created from experimental omics data and semantic searches across several reference databases, we studied the sialylation of adhesion proteins glycosylated at their extracellular domains with regards to its sensitivity to microgravity. This way, experimental omics data networked with the current knowledge about the binding of sialic acids to cell adhesion proteins, its regulation, and interactions in between those proteins provided insights into the mechanisms behind our experimental findings, suggesting that balancing the sialylation against the de-sialylation of the terminal ends of the adhesion proteins' glycans influences their binding activity. This sheds light on the transition from two- to three-dimensional growth observed in microgravity, mirroring cell migration and cancer metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Bauer
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.J.B.); (M.W.); (M.I.); (D.G.)
| | - Erich Gombocz
- Melissa Informatics, 2550 Ninth Street, Suite 114, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.J.B.); (M.W.); (M.I.); (D.G.)
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-85783803
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.J.B.); (M.W.); (M.I.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.J.B.); (M.W.); (M.I.); (D.G.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Pfälzer Platz, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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32
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Mostafavi E, Esmaeilnejad B, Meysam Abtahi Foroushani S. Evaluation of cytokines and sialic acids contents in horses naturally infected with Theileria equi. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 70:101453. [PMID: 32163745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess the effects of T. equi infection on serum concentrations of some important cytokines including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12α, IL-12β, IL-18, as well as total, protein and lipid binding sialic acids (TSA, PBSA and LBSA). Furthermore, any probable relation among the parasitemia, cytokines and sialic acids (SAs) were calculated using Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. Almost 300 draft horses (Kurdish-breed) with age of 3-4 years old from north-west of Iran were examined and an infected group comprised of 28 mares, naturally infected with T. equi, was identified and divided into 3 subgroups according to their parasitemia rates (low <1 %, moderate 1-3 % and high 3-5 %). Twenty healthy horses were considered as a control. Characterization and differentiation of piroplasmosis were conducted using routine hematological procedures and specific PCR assay. The results revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in all of the cytokines and SAs in a parasitic burden-dependent fashion. Additionally, a strong and positive relation was detected among the parasitemia, cytokines and SAs. Conclusively, T. equi infection is associated with induction of severe inflammatory processes in horses and SA plays a pivotal role in pathophysiology of the disease as it is tightly correlated with the parasitemia rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mostafavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bijan Esmaeilnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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33
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Sialic acid and biology of life: An introduction. SIALIC ACIDS AND SIALOGLYCOCONJUGATES IN THE BIOLOGY OF LIFE, HEALTH AND DISEASE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7153325 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816126-5.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are important molecule with high structural diversity. They are known to occur in higher animals such as Echinoderms, Hemichordata, Cephalochorda, and Vertebrata and also in other animals such as Platyhelminthes, Cephalopoda, and Crustaceae. Plants are known to lack sialic acid. But they are reported to occur in viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. Deaminated neuraminic acid although occurs in vertebrates and bacteria, is reported to occur in abundance in the lower vertebrates. Sialic acids are mostly located in terminal ends of glycoproteins and glycolipids, capsular and tissue polysialic acids, bacterial lipooligosaccharides/polysaccharides, and in different forms that dictate their role in biology. Sialic acid play important roles in human physiology of cell-cell interaction, communication, cell-cell signaling, carbohydrate-protein interactions, cellular aggregation, development processes, immune reactions, reproduction, and in neurobiology and human diseases in enabling the infection process by bacteria and virus, tumor growth and metastasis, microbiome biology, and pathology. It enables molecular mimicry in pathogens that allows them to escape host immune responses. Recently sialic acid has found role in therapeutics. In this chapter we have highlighted the (i) diversity of sialic acid, (ii) their occurrence in the diverse life forms, (iii) sialylation and disease, and (iv) sialic acid and therapeutics.
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34
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Mule SN, Saad JS, Fernandes LR, Stolf BS, Cortez M, Palmisano G. Protein glycosylation inLeishmaniaspp. Mol Omics 2020; 16:407-424. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a co- and post-translational modification that, inLeishmaniaparasites, plays key roles in vector–parasite–vertebrate host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ngao Mule
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory
- Department of Parasitology
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Sao Paulo
- Sao Paulo - 05508-000
| | - Joyce Silva Saad
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory
- Department of Parasitology
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Sao Paulo
- Sao Paulo - 05508-000
| | - Livia Rosa Fernandes
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory
- Department of Parasitology
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Sao Paulo
- Sao Paulo - 05508-000
| | - Beatriz S. Stolf
- Department of Parasitology
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Sao Paulo
- Sao Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Mauro Cortez
- Department of Parasitology
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Sao Paulo
- Sao Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory
- Department of Parasitology
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Sao Paulo
- Sao Paulo - 05508-000
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35
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Investigation of substrate specificity of sialidases with membrane mimetic glycoconjugates. Glycoconj J 2019; 37:175-185. [PMID: 31802374 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sialidases or neuraminidases play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes by cleaving terminal sialic acids (Sias) (desialylation) from the glycans of both glycoproteins and glycolipids. To understand the biological significance of desialylation by sialidases, it is important to investigate enzyme specificity with native substrate in biological membrane of cells. Herein, we report a membrane-mimicking system with liposome ganglioside conjugates containing different lipids for evaluating substrate specificity of sialidase and the lipid effect on the enzyme activity. Briefly, liposomes of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol with ganglioside (GM3 or GM1) along with different percentage of phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were prepared and characterized. Their desialylation profiles with Arthrobacter ureafaciens (bacterial) sialidase and H1N1 (influenza viral) sialidase were quantified by HPLC method. A diversity of substrate preference was found for both bacterial and viral sialidase to the liposome ganglioside conjugate platform. The apparent Km and Vmax were dependent on the type of lipid. These results indicate that the intrinsic characteristics of the membrane-like system affect the sialidase specificity and activity. This biomimetic substrate provides a better tool for unravelling the substrate specificity and the biological function of sialidases and for screening of functional sialidase inhibitors as well.
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Development and initial characterization of 99mTc labeled N-acetyl neuraminic acid for its application in in-vivo imaging of cancer: a preclinical study. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Ishizawa K, Majima S, Wei XF, Mitsunuma H, Shimizu Y, Kanai M. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Stereodivergent Propargylation of N-Acetyl Mannosamine for Protecting Group Minimal Synthesis of C3-Substituted Sialic Acids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10615-10628. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Ishizawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Sohei Majima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Xiao-Feng Wei
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Harunobu Mitsunuma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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38
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Xia Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, Hou X, Feng N. Red blood cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles: a novel drug delivery system for antitumor application. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:675-689. [PMID: 31384529 PMCID: PMC6663920 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs) are the most abundant circulating cells in the blood and have been widely used in drug delivery systems (DDS) because of their features of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and long circulating half-life. Accordingly, a "camouflage" comprised of erythrocyte membranes renders nanoparticles as a platform that combines the advantages of native erythrocyte membranes with those of nanomaterials. Following injection into the blood of animal models, the coated nanoparticles imitate RBCs and interact with the surroundings to achieve long-term circulation. In this review, the biomimetic platform of erythrocyte membrane-coated nano-cores is described with regard to various aspects, with particular focus placed on the coating mechanism, preparation methods, verification methods, and the latest anti-tumor applications. Finally, further functional modifications of the erythrocyte membranes and attempts to fuse the surface properties of multiple cell membranes are discussed, providing a foundation to stimulate extensive research into multifunctional nano-biomimetic systems.
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Key Words
- ABC, accelerated blood clearance
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- Antitumor
- AuNCs, gold nanocages
- AuNPs, gold nanoparticles
- Biomimetic nanoparticles
- C8bp, C8 binding protein
- CR1, complement receptor 1
- DAF, decay accelerating factor
- DDS, drug delivery systems
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- Dox, doxorubicin
- Drug delivery
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- ETA, endothelin A
- EpCam, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- FA, folic acid
- GA, gambogic acid
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HRP, homologous restriction protein
- MCP, membrane cofactor protein
- MNCs, magnetic nanoclusters
- MNs, magnetic nanoparticles
- MPS, mononuclear phagocyte system
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MSNs, mesoporous silica nanoparticles
- Membrane
- NIR, near-infrared radiation
- Nanoparticles
- PAI, photoacoustic imaging
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PCL, poly(caprolactone)
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PFCs, perfluorocarbons
- PLA, poly(lactide acid)
- PLGA, poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)
- PPy, polypyrrole
- PS, photosensitizers
- PTT, photothermal therapy
- PTX, paclitaxel
- RBCM-NPs, RBCM-coated nanoparticles
- RBCMs, RBC membranes
- RBCs, red blood cells
- RES, reticuloendothelial system
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RVs, RBCM-derived vesicles
- Red blood cells
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- SIRPα, signal-regulatory protein alpha
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TEMPO, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl oxyl
- TPP, triphenylphosphonium
- UCNPs, upconversion nanoparticles
- UV, ultraviolet
- rHuPH20, recombinant hyaluronidase, PH20
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Lei L, Geng R, Xu Z, Dang Y, Hu X, Li L, Geng P, Tian Y, Zhang W. Glycopeptide Nanofiber Platform for Aβ-Sialic Acid Interaction Analysis and Highly Sensitive Detection of Aβ. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8129-8136. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rui Geng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yijing Dang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xianli Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingling Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ping Geng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Pang Y, Gou M, Yang K, Lu J, Han Y, Teng H, Li C, Wang H, Liu C, Zhang K, Yang Y, Li Q. Crystal structure of a cytocidal protein from lamprey and its mechanism of action in the selective killing of cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:54. [PMID: 31133022 PMCID: PMC6537362 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In previous research, we found that lamprey immune protein (LIP) possessed cytocidal activity against tumor cells, but the mechanism of the selective recognition and killing of tumor cells by LIP was not identified. Methods Superresolution microscopy, crystallographic structural analysis, glycan chip assay, SPR experiments, FACS assays, computational studies and mass spectrometric analysis firmly establish the mode of action of LIP, which involves dual selective recognition and efficient binding. Results We determined the overall crystallographic structure of LIP at a resolution of 2.25 Å. LIP exhibits an elongated structure with dimensions of 105 Å × 30 Å × 30 Å containing an N-terminal lectin module and a C-terminal aerolysin module. Moreover, the Phe209-Gly232 region is predicted to insert into the lipid bilayer to form a transmembrane β-barrel, in which the hydrophobic residues face the lipid bilayer, and the polar residues constitute the hydrophilic lumen of the pore. We found that LIP is able to kill various human cancer cells with minimal effects on normal cells. Notably, by coupling biochemical and computational studies, we propose a hypothetical mechanism that involves dual selective recognition and efficient binding dependent on both N-linked glycans on GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) and sphingomyelin (SM) in lipid rafts. Furthermore, specific binding of the lectin module with biantennary bisialylated nonfucosylated N-glycan or sialyl Lewis X-containing glycan structures on GPI-APs triggers substantial conformational changes in the aerolysin module, which interacts with SM, ultimately resulting in the formation of a membrane-bound oligomer in lipid rafts. Conclusions LIP holds great potential for the application of a marine protein towards targeted cancer therapy and early diagnosis in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0358-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Jiali Lu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yinglun Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Hongming Teng
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Changzhi Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Haina Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China. .,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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Lowery CL, Woulfe D, Kilic F. Responses of Plasma Catecholamine, Serotonin, and the Platelet Serotonin Transporter to Cigarette Smoking. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:32. [PMID: 30886568 PMCID: PMC6409334 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the major causes of coronary heart disease with a thirty percent mortality rate in the United States. Cigarette smoking acting on the central nervous system (CNS) to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) through, which facilitates the secretion of serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamines to supraphysiological levels in blood. The enhanced levels of 5-HT and catecholamines in smokers’ blood are associated with increases in G protein-coupled receptor signaling and serotonylation of small GTPases, which in turn lead to remodeling of cytoskeletal elements to enhance granule secretion and promote unique expression of sialylated N-glycan structures on smokers’ platelets. These mechanisms enhance aggregation and adhesion of smokers’ platelets relative to those of non-smokers. This review focuses on the known mechanisms by which 5-HT and SERT, in coordinated signaling with catecholamines, impacts cigarette smokers’ platelet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Lee Lowery
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Donna Woulfe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Fusun Kilic
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Liang X, Ye X, Wang C, Xing C, Miao Q, Xie Z, Chen X, Zhang X, Zhang H, Mei L. Photothermal cancer immunotherapy by erythrocyte membrane-coated black phosphorus formulation. J Control Release 2019; 296:150-161. [PMID: 30682441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer exhibits a triple-negative phenotype and has a poor prognosis, even with traditional chemical and anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) treatments. However, the high mutation rate of this obstinate cancer type renders it suitable for immunotherapy. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a high-efficiency method for inducing tumor neoantigen release in situ, which has great potential for use in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we prepared a biomimetic black phosphorus quantum dot (BPQDs) formulation to induce breast cancer cell apoptosis in situ by near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation to mobilize the immune system to eliminate the residual and metastatic cancer cells. Erythrocyte membranes (RMs) were used to coat the BPQDs, forming a BPQD-RM nanovesicle (BPQD-RMNV) biomimetic formulation that exhibited a long circulation time and tumor accumulation in vivo. The basal-like 4T1 breast tumor underwent apoptosis and necrosis with the irradiation and recruited dendritic cells (DCs) to capture the tumor antigens in vivo. Furthermore, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody (aPD-1) was employed to prevent the CD8+ T cells from exhaustion. Notably, BPQD-RMNV-mediated PTT combined with aPD-1 treatment significantly delayed residual and metastatic tumor growth in vivo. Hence, BPQD-RMNV-mediated PTT combined with immune checkpoint blockade antibody increased the infiltration and activity of CD8+ T cells in the tumor, which directly restrained basal-like breast tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Xinyu Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Chenyang Xing
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Qianwei Miao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; School of Medicine (ShenZhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Lin Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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43
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Demina EP, Pierre WC, Nguyen ALA, Londono I, Reiz B, Zou C, Chakraberty R, Cairo CW, Pshezhetsky AV, Lodygensky GA. Persistent reduction in sialylation of cerebral glycoproteins following postnatal inflammatory exposure. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:336. [PMID: 30518374 PMCID: PMC6282350 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extension of sepsis encompassing the preterm newborn's brain is often overlooked due to technical challenges in this highly vulnerable population, yet it leads to substantial long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities. In this study, we demonstrate how neonatal neuroinflammation following postnatal E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in rat pups results in persistent reduction in sialylation of cerebral glycoproteins. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rat pups at postnatal day 3 (P3) were injected in the corpus callosum with saline or LPS. Twenty-four hours (P4) or 21 days (P24) following injection, brains were extracted and analyzed for neuraminidase activity and expression as well as for sialylation of cerebral glycoproteins and glycolipids. RESULTS At both P4 and P24, we detected a significant increase of the acidic neuraminidase activity in LPS-exposed rats. It correlated with significantly increased neuraminidase 1 (Neu1) mRNA in LPS-treated brains at P4 and with neuraminidases 1 and 4 at P24 suggesting that these enzymes were responsible for the rise of neuraminidase activity. At both P4 and P24, sialylation of N-glycans on brain glycoproteins decreased according to both mass-spectrometry analysis and lectin blotting, but the ganglioside composition remained intact. Finally, at P24, analysis of brain tissues by immunohistochemistry showed that neurons in the upper layers (II-III) of somatosensory cortex had a reduced surface content of polysialic acid. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data demonstrate that neonatal LPS exposure results in specific and sustained induction of Neu1 and Neu4, causing long-lasting negative changes in sialylation of glycoproteins on brain cells. Considering the important roles played by sialoglycoproteins in CNS function, we speculate that observed re-programming of the brain sialome constitutes an important part of pathophysiological consequences in perinatal infectious exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina P Demina
- Department of Paediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, QC, Canada
| | - Wyston C Pierre
- Department of Paediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, QC, Canada
| | - Annie L A Nguyen
- Department of Paediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, QC, Canada
| | - Irene Londono
- Department of Paediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, QC, Canada
| | - Bela Reiz
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, AB, Canada
| | - Chunxia Zou
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, AB, Canada
| | - Radhika Chakraberty
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher W Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, AB, Canada
| | - Alexey V Pshezhetsky
- Department of Paediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, QC, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, H3A0C7, QC, Canada. .,Centre de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Gregory A Lodygensky
- Department of Paediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, QC, Canada. .,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, H1T 1C8, QC, Canada. .,Centre de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Zaretsky M, Roine E, Eichler J. Sialic Acid-Like Sugars in Archaea: Legionaminic Acid Biosynthesis in the Halophile Halorubrum sp. PV6. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2133. [PMID: 30245679 PMCID: PMC6137143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs in all three domains. In Archaea, however, N-linked glycans present a degree of compositional diversity not observed in either Eukarya or Bacteria. As such, it is surprising that nonulosonic acids (NulOs), nine-carbon sugars that include sialic acids, pseudaminic acids, and legionaminic acids, are routinely detected as components of protein-linked glycans in Eukarya and Bacteria but not in Archaea. In the following, we report that the N-linked glycan attached to the S-layer glycoprotein of the haloarchaea Halorubrum sp. PV6 includes an N-formylated legionaminic acid. Analysis of the Halorubrum sp. PV6 genome led to the identification of sequences predicted to comprise the legionaminic acid biosynthesis pathway. The transcription of pathway genes was confirmed, as was the co-transcription of several of these genes. In addition, the activities of LegI, which catalyzes the condensation of 2,4-di-N-acetyl-6-deoxymannose and phosphoenolpyruvate to generate legionaminic acid, and LegF, which catalyzes the addition of cytidine monophosphate (CMP) to legionaminic acid, both heterologously expressed in Haloferax volcanii, were demonstrated. Further genome analysis predicts that the genes encoding enzymes of the legionaminic acid biosynthetic pathway are clustered together with sequences seemingly encoding components of the N-glycosylation pathway in this organism. In defining the first example of a legionaminic acid biosynthesis pathway in Archaea, the findings reported here expand our insight into archaeal N-glycosylation, an almost universal post-translational modification in this domain of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zaretsky
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - Elina Roine
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jerry Eichler
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
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46
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Bornhöfft KF, Goldammer T, Rebl A, Galuska SP. Siglecs: A journey through the evolution of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 86:219-231. [PMID: 29751010 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins) are a family of immune regulatory receptors predominantly found on the cells of the hematopoietic system. A V-set Ig-like domain mediates the recognition of different sialylated glycoconjugates, which can lead to the activation or inhibition of the immune response, depending on the involved Siglecs. Siglecs are categorized into two subgroups: one including all CD33-related Siglecs and the other consisting of Siglec-1 (Sialoadhesin), Siglec-2 (CD22), Siglec-4 (myelin-associated glycoprotein, MAG) and Siglec-15. In contrast to the members of the CD33-related Siglecs, which share ∼50-99% sequence identity, Siglecs of the other subgroup show quite low homology (approximately 25-30% sequence identity). Based on the published sequences and functions of Siglecs, we performed phylogenetic analyses and sequence alignments to reveal the conservation of Siglecs throughout evolution. Therefore, we focused on the presence of Siglecs in different classes of vertebrates (fishes, amphibians, birds, reptiles and mammals), offering a bridge between the presence of different Siglecs and the biological situations of the selected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim F Bornhöfft
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Pshezhetsky AV, Ashmarina M. Keeping it trim: roles of neuraminidases in CNS function. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:375-386. [PMID: 30088207 PMCID: PMC6182584 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sialylated glyconjugates (SGC) are found in abundance on the surface of brain cells, where they form a dense array of glycans mediating cell/cell and cell/protein recognition in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Metabolic genetic blocks in processing and catabolism of SGC result in development of severe storage disorders, dominated by CNS involvement including marked neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which are still discussed. SGC patterns in the brain are cell and organelle-specific, dynamic and maintained by highly coordinated processes of their biosynthesis, trafficking, processing and catabolism. The changes in the composition of SGC during development and aging of the brain cannot be explained based solely on the regulation of the SGC-synthesizing enzymes, sialyltransferases, suggesting that neuraminidases (sialidases) hydrolysing the removal of terminal sialic acid residues also play an essential role. In the current review we summarize the roles of three mammalian neuraminidases: neuraminidase 1, neuraminidase 3 and neuraminidase 4 in processing brain SGC. Emerging data demonstrate that these enzymes with different, yet overlapping expression patterns, intracellular localization and substrate specificity play essential roles in the physiology of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Pshezhetsky
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Montreal, CHU Ste-Justine, Centre de recherche, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, H3A0C7, Canada.
| | - Mila Ashmarina
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Montreal, CHU Ste-Justine, Centre de recherche, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada
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48
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Xu Q, Shan Y, Wang N, Liu Y, Zhang M, Ma M. Sialic acid involves in the interaction between ovomucin and hemagglutinin and influences the antiviral activity of ovomucin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:533-539. [PMID: 30071221 PMCID: PMC7124660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ovomucin (OVM) plays an important role in inhibiting infection of various pathogens. However, this bioactivity mechanism is not much known. Here, the role of sialic acid in OVM anti-virus activity has been studied by ELISA with lectin or ligand. Structural changes of OVM after removing sialic acid were analyzed by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. OVM could be binding to the hemagglutinin (HA) of avian influenza viruses H5N1 and H1N1, this binding was specific and required the involvement of sialic acid. When sialic acid was removed, the binding was significantly reduced 71.5% and 64.35%, respectively. Therefore, sialic acid was proved as a recognition site which avian influenza virus bound to. Meanwhile, the endogenous fluorescence and surface hydrophobicity of OVM removing sialic acid were increased and the secondary structure tended to shift to random coil. This indicated that OVM molecules were in an unfolded state and spatial conformation disorder raising weakly. Remarkably, free sialic acid strongly promoted OVM binding to HA and thereby enhanced the interaction. It may contribute to the inhibition of host cell infection, agglutinate viruses. This study can be extended to the deepening of passive immunization field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihu Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Park DD, Xu G, Wong M, Phoomak C, Liu M, Haigh NE, Wongkham S, Yang P, Maverakis E, Lebrilla CB. Membrane glycomics reveal heterogeneity and quantitative distribution of cell surface sialylation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6271-6285. [PMID: 30123482 PMCID: PMC6063140 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid distribution was quantified by LC-MS/MS. The number of sialylated glycoforms increases at sites nearest to the transmembrane domain.
Given that unnatural sugar expression is metabolically achieved, the kinetics and disposition of incorporation can lend insight into the temporal and localization preferences of sialylation across the cell surface. However, common detection schemes lack the ability to detail the molecular diversity and distribution of target moieties. Here we employed a mass spectrometric approach to trace the placement of azido sialic acids on membrane glycoconjugates, which revealed substantial variations in incorporation efficiencies between N-/O-glycans, glycosites, and glycosphingolipids. To further explore the propensity for sialylation, we subsequently mapped the native glycome of model epithelial cell surfaces and illustrate that while glycosylation sites span broadly across the extracellular region, a higher number of heterogeneous glycoforms occur on sialylated sites closest to the transmembrane domain. Beyond imaging techniques, this integrative approach provides unprecedented details about the frequency and structure-specific distribution of cell surface sialylation, a critical feature that regulates cellular interactions and homeostatic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Dayoung Park
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA.,Department of Surgery , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA 02115 , USA .
| | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA
| | - Chatchai Phoomak
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen 40002 , Thailand
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Nathan E Haigh
- Department of Dermatology , University of California , Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento , CA 95817 , USA
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen 40002 , Thailand
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology , University of California , Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento , CA 95817 , USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA
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Paul A, Padler-Karavani V. Evolution of sialic acids: Implications in xenotransplant biology. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12424. [PMID: 29932472 PMCID: PMC6756921 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
All living cells are covered with a dense “sugar-coat” of carbohydrate chains (glycans) conjugated to proteins and lipids. The cell surface glycome is determined by a non-template driven process related to the collection of enzymes that assemble glycans in a sequential manner. In mammals, many of these glycans are topped with sialic acids (Sia), a large family of acidic sugars. The “Sialome” is highly diverse owing to various Sia types, linkage to underlying glycans, range of carriers, and complex spatial organization. Presented at the front of cells, Sia play a major role in immunity and recognition of “self” versus “non-self,” largely mediated by the siglecs family of Sia-binding host receptors. Albeit many mammalian pathogens have evolved to hijack this recognition system to avoid host immune attack, presenting a fascinating host-pathogen evolutionary arms race. Similarly, cancer cells exploit Sia for their own survival and propagation. As part of this ongoing fitness, humans lost the ability to synthesize the Sia type N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), in contrast to other mammals. While this loss had provided an advantage against certain pathogens, humans are continuously exposed to Neu5Gc through mammalian-derived diet (eg, red meat), consequently generating a complex immune response against it. Circulating anti-Neu5Gc antibodies together with Neu5Gc on some human tissues mediate chronic inflammation “xenosialitis” that exacerbate various human diseases (eg, cancer and atherosclerosis). Similarly, Neu5Gc-containing xenografts are exposed to human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies with implications to sustainability. This review aimed to provide a glimpse into the evolution of Sia and their implications to xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Paul
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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