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Kimball EE, Sayce L, Xu XC, Kruszka CM, Rousseau B. Protein Substrate Alters Cell Physiology in Primary Culture of Vocal Fold Epithelial Cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:10-23. [PMID: 33910192 PMCID: PMC8222167 DOI: 10.1159/000514200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The basement membrane interacts directly with the vocal fold epithelium. Signaling between the basement membrane and the epithelium modulates gene regulation, differentiation, and proliferation. The purpose of this study was to identify an appropriate simple single-protein substrate for growth of rabbit vocal fold epithelial cells. Vocal folds from 3 New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were treated to isolate epithelial cells, and cells were seeded onto cell culture inserts coated with collagen I, collagen IV, laminin, or fibronectin. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured, and phase contrast microscopy, PanCK, CK14, and E-cadherin immunofluorescence were utilized to assess for epithelial cell-type characteristics. Further investigation via immunofluorescence labeling was conducted to assess proliferation (Ki67) and differentiation (Vimentin). There was a significant main effect of substrate on TEER, with collagen IV eliciting the highest, and laminin the lowest resistance. Assessment of relative TEER across cell lines identified a larger range of TEER in collagen I and laminin. Phase contrast imaging identified altered morphology in the laminin condition, but cell layer depth did not appear to be related to TEER, differentiation, or morphology. Ki67 staining additionally showed no significant difference in proliferation. All conditions had confluent epithelial cells and dispersed mesenchymal cells, with increased mesenchymal cell numbers over time; however, a higher proportion of mesenchymal cells was observed in the laminin condition. The results suggest collagen IV is a preferable basement membrane substrate for in vitro vocal fold epithelial primary cell culture, providing consistent TEER and characteristic cell morphology, and that laminin is an unsuitable substrate for vocal fold epithelial cells and may promote mesenchymal cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Kimball
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Lea Sayce
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Xiaochuan C. Xu
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Chase M. Kruszka
- Department of Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernard Rousseau
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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Ogaki A, Araki T, Ishikawa M, Ikegaya Y, Koyama R. A live imaging-friendly slice culture method using collagen membranes. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:307-313. [PMID: 32757372 PMCID: PMC7722644 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Organotypic brain slice culture preserves the geographical position of neurons and neuronal circuits. The slice cultures also maintain both non‐neuronal cell types and the surrounding extracellular matrix. The interface method has been widely used for slice cultures, in which brain slices are placed on semiporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes. However, a low optical transparency of PTFE membrane makes it difficult to perform live imaging of deep regions of slice cultures using an inverted microscope. To overcome the issue, we evaluated the suitability of using collagen membranes for slice cultures, especially focusing on live imaging of the cellular dynamics of green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐expressing microglia. Methods Entorhinohippocampal slices were cultured on either collagen or PTFE membranes. The influence of membrane type on the ability to observe deep regions of slice cultures was examined by live imaging using an inverted microscope. Results Collagen membranes were thinner and had better optical transparency compared with PTFE membranes. There were no differences in cell viability, density of neurons or microglia. The densify of visible short branches of microglia in live imaging was higher in collagen membranes than PTFE membranes. Conclusion Collagen membranes are suitable for live imaging of cellular dynamics in slice cultures using an inverted microscope. Live imaging of organotypic slice cultures has been a useful method to study cell dynamics. One remaining issue with live imaging of slice cultures is the low transparency of commonly used polytetrafluoroethylene membranes. Here we report that slice culture membranes made of collagen can solve the issue of low transparency, facilitating live imaging of small cellular structures such as microglial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Ogaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tasuku Araki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Ishikawa
- Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc, Suzukawa, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy is an effective means of characterizing the phenotypic expression of epidermal cells. Epidermal cells cultured on plastic dishes proliferate into several layers and differentiate in the same manner as in vivo. Epidermal cells may be cultured on a collagen-based material which can be used as a synthetic epidermis for wound coverage instead of a skin autograft. The purpose of this study is to characterize and compare the morphology of epidermal cells grown on plastic, collagen sheets, and collagen sponges under similar cell culture conditions.
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WAKU T, KANAMARU K, HIROYAMA Y, SASAKI R, MORIMOTO N, TANAKA N. Preparation of Nanoparticles Composed of Egg White Protein and their Application for Cell Adhesion Control. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2018. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2017-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori WAKU
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Kaori KANAMARU
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Yoshinori HIROYAMA
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Ruriho SASAKI
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Naoya MORIMOTO
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Naoki TANAKA
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology
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Wang Y, DiSalvo M, Gunasekara DB, Dutton J, Proctor A, Lebhar MS, Williamson IA, Speer J, Howard RL, Smiddy NM, Bultman SJ, Sims CE, Magness ST, Allbritton NL. Self-renewing Monolayer of Primary Colonic or Rectal Epithelial Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 4:165-182.e7. [PMID: 29204504 PMCID: PMC5710741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Three-dimensional organoid culture has fundamentally changed the in vitro study of intestinal biology enabling novel assays; however, its use is limited because of an inaccessible luminal compartment and challenges to data gathering in a three-dimensional hydrogel matrix. Long-lived, self-renewing 2-dimensional (2-D) tissue cultured from primary colon cells has not been accomplished. METHODS The surface matrix and chemical factors that sustain 2-D mouse colonic and human rectal epithelial cell monolayers with cell repertoires comparable to that in vivo were identified. RESULTS The monolayers formed organoids or colonoids when placed in standard Matrigel culture. As with the colonoids, the monolayers exhibited compartmentalization of proliferative and differentiated cells, with proliferative cells located near the peripheral edges of growing monolayers and differentiated cells predominated in the central regions. Screening of 77 dietary compounds and metabolites revealed altered proliferation or differentiation of the murine colonic epithelium. When exposed to a subset of the compound library, murine organoids exhibited similar responses to that of the monolayer but with differences that were likely attributable to the inaccessible organoid lumen. The response of the human primary epithelium to a compound subset was distinct from that of both the murine primary epithelium and human tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that a self-renewing 2-D murine and human monolayer derived from primary cells can serve as a physiologically relevant assay system for study of stem cell renewal and differentiation and for compound screening. The platform holds transformative potential for personalized and precision medicine and can be applied to emerging areas of disease modeling and microbiome studies.
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Key Words
- 2-D, two-dimensional
- 3-D, three-dimensional
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- CAG, cytomegalovirus enhancer plus chicken actin promoter
- CI, confidence interval
- Colonic Epithelial Cells
- Compound Screening
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDU, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- ENR-W, cell medium with [Wnt-3A] of 30 ng/mL
- ENR-w, cell medium with [Wnt-3A] of 10 ng/mL
- HISC, human intestinal stem cell medium
- IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- ISC, intestinal stem cell
- Monolayer
- Organoids
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane
- RFP, red fluorescent protein
- SEM, scanning electron microscope
- SSMD, strictly standardized mean difference
- UNC, University of North Carolina
- α-ChgA, anti-chromogranin A
- α-Muc2, anti-mucin2
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew DiSalvo
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Dulan B. Gunasekara
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Johanna Dutton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Angela Proctor
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael S. Lebhar
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ian A. Williamson
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer Speer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Riley L. Howard
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nicole M. Smiddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott J. Bultman
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Christopher E. Sims
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott T. Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina,Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Nancy L. Allbritton, MD, PhD, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599. fax: (919) 962-2388.Department of ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina 27599
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Motegi H, Kamoshima Y, Terasaka S, Kobayashi H, Houkin K. Type 1 collagen as a potential niche component for CD133-positive glioblastoma cells. Neuropathology 2014; 34:378-85. [PMID: 24673436 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are thought to be closely related to tumor progression and recurrence, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Stem cells of various tissues exist within niches maintaining their stemness. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are located at tumor capillaries and the perivascular niche, which are considered to have an important role in maintaining GSCs. There were some extracellular matrices (ECM) on the perivascular connective tissue, including type 1 collagen. We here evaluated whether type 1 collagen has a potential niche for GSCs. Imunohistochemical staining of type 1 collagen and CD133, one of the GSCs markers, on glioblastoma (GBM) tissues showed CD133-positive cells were located in immediate proximity to type 1 collagen around tumor vessels. We cultured human GBM cell lines, U87MG and GBM cells obtained from fresh surgical tissues, T472 and T555, with serum-containing medium (SCM) or serum-free medium with some growth factors (SFM) and in non-coated (Non-coat) or type 1 collagen-coated plates (Col). The RNA expression levels of CD133 and Nestin as stem cell markers in each condition were examined. The Col condition not only with SFM but SCM made GBM cells more enhanced in RNA expression of CD133, compared to Non-coat/SCM. Semi-quantitative measurement of CD133-positive cells by immunocytochemistry showed a statistically significant increase of CD133-positive cells in Col/SFM. In addition, T472 cell line cultured in the Col/SFM had capabilities of sphere formation and tumorigenesis. Type 1 collagen was found in the perivascular area and showed a possibility to maintain GSCs. These findings suggest that type 1 collagen could be one important niche component for CD133-positive GSCs and maintain GSCs in adherent culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Motegi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Shimada A, Wada S, Inoue K, Ideno H, Kamiunten T, Komatsu K, Kudo A, Nakamura Y, Sato T, Nakashima K, Nifuji A. Efficient expansion of mouse primary tenocytes using a novel collagen gel culture method. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:205-15. [PMID: 24509807 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of regenerative therapies for damaged tendons remains a great challenge, largely because of lack of information regarding the mechanisms responsible for differentiation of tenocytes. Mouse tenocytes have not been fully characterized owing to the absence of efficient and reproducible methods for their in vitro expansion without losing phenotypic features. The objective of the study was to establish an improved and reliable method for stable primary culture of mouse tenocytes by using collagen gel. Achilles and tail tendon tissues were harvested and embedded in collagen gel. After 10 days of continuous culture, the gel was digested and cells were passaged on tissue culture-treated plastic dishes. Mouse tenocytes cultured in collagen gel exhibited significantly shorter doubling time and higher numbers of proliferation when maintained on the plastic dishes compared with those cultured without using gel. Transmission electron microscopic analyses showed that cultured tenocytes retained some morphological features of tenocytes in tendon tissues, such as cell-cell junctional complex formation, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria in their cytoplasm. mRNA expression of tenocyte markers (tenomodulin, type I collagen, periostin, and scleraxis) was higher in cells cultured in collagen gel than in those cultured in the absence of gel. Our results show that tenocytes cultured using the collagen gel method express typical lineage markers and exhibit improved growth characteristics, thus providing a stable platform for studying molecular mechanisms that control their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Shimada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan,
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Mochida N, Akatani-Hasegawa A, Saka K, Ogino M, Hosoda Y, Wada R, Sawai H, Shibahara H. Live births from isolated primary/early secondary follicles following a multistep culture without organ culture in mice. Reproduction 2013; 146:37-47. [PMID: 23613617 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although the ovary has a large store of germ cells, most of them do not reach mature stages. If a culture system could be developed from early growing follicles to mature oocytes, it would be useful for biological research as well as for reproductive medicine. This study was conducted to establish a multistep culture system from isolated early growing follicles to mature oocytes using a mouse model. Early growing follicles with diameters of 60-95 μm corresponding to primary and early secondary follicles were isolated from 6-day-old mice and classified into three groups by diameter. These follicles contained oocytes with diameters of ~45 μm and one or a few layered granulosa cells on the basal lamina. Embedding in collagen gel was followed by first-step culture. After 9-day culture, the growing follicles were transferred onto collagen-coated membrane in the second step. At day 17 of the culture series, the oocyte-granulosa cell complexes were subjected to in vitro maturation. Around 90% of the oocytes in follicles surviving at day 17 resumed second meiosis (metaphase II oocytes: 49.0-58.7%), regardless of the size when the follicle culture started. To assess developmental competence to live birth, the eggs were used for IVF and implantation in pseudopregnant mice. We successfully obtained two live offspring that produced next generations after puberty. We thus conclude that the culture system reported here was able to induce the growth of small follicles and the resultant mature oocytes were able to develop into normal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Mochida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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Kobayashi Y, Hiraga T, Ueda A, Wang L, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Hata K, Yatani H, Yoneda T. Zoledronic acid delays wound healing of the tooth extraction socket, inhibits oral epithelial cell migration, and promotes proliferation and adhesion to hydroxyapatite of oral bacteria, without causing osteonecrosis of the jaw, in mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2010; 28:165-75. [PMID: 19882100 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-009-0128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid (ZOL) and pamidronate have been widely and successfully used for the treatment of cancer patients with bone metastases and/or hypercalcemia. Accumulating recent reports have shown that cancer patients who have received these bisphosphonates occasionally manifest bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) following dental treatments, including tooth extraction. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of BRONJ to date. Here, to understand the underlying pathogenesis of BRONJ, we examined the effects of ZOL on wound healing of the tooth extraction socket using a mouse tooth extraction model. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed that the amount of new bone and the numbers of blood vessels in the socket were significantly decreased in ZOL-treated mice compared to control mice. Consistent with these results, ZOL significantly inhibited angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor in vivo and the proliferation of endothelial cells in culture in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, etidronate, a non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, showed no effects on osteogenesis and angiogenesis in the socket. ZOL also suppressed the migration of oral epithelial cells, which is a crucial step for tooth socket closure. In addition, ZOL promoted the adherence of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxyapatite and the proliferation of oral bacteria obtained from healthy individuals, suggesting that ZOL may increase the bacterial infection. In conclusion, our data suggest that ZOL delays wound healing of the tooth extraction socket by inhibiting osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Our data also suggest that ZOL alters oral bacterial behaviors. These actions of ZOL may be relevant to the pathogenesis of BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Kasai S, Shiku H, Torisawa YS, Nagamine K, Yasukawa T, Watanabe T, Matsue T. Cytokine assay on a cellular chip by combining collagen gel embedded culture with scanning electrochemical microscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang J, Wei HP, Quek CH, Chia SM, Yu H. Quantitative measurement of collagen methylation by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2004; 25:3416-21. [PMID: 15490447 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Collagen methylation has been exploited in various applications involving living cells. We have observed correlation between the collagen methylation with the rate of cell proliferation in three-dimensional (3-D) microenvironment. To quantify the degree of collagen methylation, we have developed a capillary zone electrophoresis method. Using a polyvinyl alcohol-coated fused-silica capillary and UV detection at 200 nm, we have optimized pH and separated the native collagen into three major bands in phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) with 0.05% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Under these conditions, the methylated collagens were separated into four major bands, which changed with different methylation reaction conditions. We propose an index to quantify the degree of collagen methylation that also correlates with their effects on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore
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TORISAWA YS, SHIKU H, YASUKAWA T, MATSUE T. Bioassay using living cells integrated on a chip. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2004. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hitoshi SHIKU
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
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Hirai Y, Lochter A, Galosy S, Koshida S, Niwa S, Bissell MJ. Epimorphin functions as a key morphoregulator for mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Biol 1998; 140:159-69. [PMID: 9425164 PMCID: PMC2132590 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.140.1.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/1997] [Revised: 09/12/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and EGF have been reported to promote branching morphogenesis of mammary epithelial cells. We now show that it is epimorphin that is primarily responsible for this phenomenon. In vivo, epimorphin was detected in the stromal compartment but not in lumenal epithelial cells of the mammary gland; in culture, however, a subpopulation of mammary epithelial cells produced significant amounts of epimorphin. When epimorphin-expressing epithelial cell clones were cultured in collagen gels they displayed branching morphogenesis in the presence of HGF, EGF, keratinocyte growth factor, or fibroblast growth factor, a process that was inhibited by anti-epimorphin but not anti-HGF antibodies. The branch length, however, was roughly proportional to the ability of the factors to induce growth. Accordingly, epimorphin-negative epithelial cells simply grew in a cluster in response to the growth factors and failed to branch. When recombinant epimorphin was added to these collagen gels, epimorphin-negative cells underwent branching morphogenesis. The mode of action of epimorphin on morphogenesis of the gland, however, was dependent on how it was presented to the mammary cells. If epimorphin was overexpressed in epimorphin-negative epithelial cells under regulation of an inducible promoter or was allowed to coat the surface of each epithelial cell in a nonpolar fashion, the cells formed globular, alveoli-like structures with a large central lumen instead of branching ducts. This process was enhanced also by addition of HGF, EGF, or other growth factors and was inhibited by epimorphin antibodies. These results suggest that epimorphin is the primary morphogen in the mammary gland but that growth factors are necessary to achieve the appropriate cell numbers for the resulting morphogenesis to be visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hirai
- Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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15
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Yuan S, Duguid WP, Agapitos D, Wyllie B, Rosenberg L. Phenotypic modulation of hamster acinar cells by culture in collagen matrix. Exp Cell Res 1997; 237:247-58. [PMID: 9434620 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1997.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different culture conditions on the survival and morphological phenotype of cultured acinar cells. Acinar fragments isolated from hamster pancreas were embedded in rat-tail collagen. Four groups were established: Medium 1-5% NuSerum + basic medium (basic medium = DMEM/F12 supplemented with dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-2-methylxanthine, and antibiotics); Medium 2-10% NuSerum + basic medium. Medium 3-Medium 2 supplemented with epidermal growth factor and cholera toxin; and Medium 4:-Medium 3 supplemented with soybean trypsin inhibitor. Freshly isolated acinar cells were retrieved morphologically intact. In Medium 1, more than 80% of cells retained a normal histological appearance at 34 days in culture. Immunostaining for amylase was observed at the apical pole of the cells. The remaining cells showed variable degrees of degeneration. In Medium 2, approximately 50% of acinar cells appeared normal at 34 days in culture, while the remainder were severely degenerated. A few cystic structures were also observed. Positive immunostaining for amylase was limited to the cells with a normal histological appearance. The cells grown in Media 3 and 4 had similar courses of morphological changes. After 8 days in culture, most acinar fragments disappeared and were replaced by cystic structures, lined by a single layer of cuboidal cells. Some amylase-positive immunoreactive cells were integral components of the cystic wall. Cellular amylase activity was a function of the different culture media, a more rapid decrease in amylase activity being observed in Media 3 and 4. Uptake of [3H]thymidine did not show any significant differences between the media. It was also found that the ductlike cells cultured in Medium 4 had a limited capacity to redifferentiate into acinar cells. This study shows that the acinar cell phenotype can be maintained in vitro for more than 1 month. This study also suggests that ductal-like epithelial structures arise from transformation of acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Canada
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Maria SS, Wada ML. Cytochemical analysis of Vero cells on type I collagen gels in long-term culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1997; 33:748-50. [PMID: 9466678 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-997-0152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
The most important reactive groups in collagen are amino, amido, guanidino, and carboxyl, all of which are present in comparatively large numbers. It is possible to modify amide groups present in the collagen of achilles tendons and hide trimmings by desamidation (DAM). DAM causes progressive hydrolysis of the amide groups of asparagine and glutamine side chains of collagen, thereby resulting in the reduction of the amide content of collagen. Loss of amide brings about an increase in the number of free carboxyl groups in the desamidated collagen, shown by reduction in its isoionic pH. The new modified collagen, like type I bovine collagen, has high viscosity and high hydroxyproline content. The fibril formation of the modified collagen showed slight variation, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis indicated largely alpha components, indicating destruction of inter- and intramolecular crosslinks. The swelling behavior of the modified collagen is significantly higher compared to type I bovine collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Radhika
- Bioproducts Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Adyar, Madras, India
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Blackshaw SE, Arkison S, Cameron C, Davies JA. Promotion of regeneration and axon growth following injury in an invertebrate nervous system by the use of three-dimensional collagen gels. Proc Biol Sci 1997; 264:657-61. [PMID: 9178537 PMCID: PMC1688405 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1997.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the application of three-dimensional collagen matrices to the study of nerve cord repair in the leech. Our experiments show that ganglia and connectives of the leech ventral nerve cord can be maintained for up to four weeks embedded in 3D gels constructed from mammalian type I collagen. Severed nerve cords embedded in the collagen gel reliably repaired within a few days of culture. The gel was penetrable by cells emigrating from the cut ends of nerves and connectives, and we consistently saw regenerative outgrowth of severed peripheral and central axons into the gel matrix. Thus, 3D gels provide an in vitro system in which we can reliably obtain repair of severed nerve cords in the dish, and visualize cell behaviour underlying regenerative growth at the damage site: and which offers the possibility of manipulating the regenerating cells and their extracellular environment in various ways at stages during repair. Using this system it should be possible to test the effect on the repair process of altering expression of selected genes in identified nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Blackshaw
- Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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19
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Balasubramani M, Babu M, Sehgal PK. In vitro biocompatibility test for collagen-based dressings. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1997; 33:223-7. [PMID: 9156332 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-997-0036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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20
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Niiya A, Matsumoto Y, Ishibashi T, Matsumoto K, Kinoshita S. Collagen gel-embedding culture of conjunctival epithelial cells. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1997; 235:32-40. [PMID: 9034840 DOI: 10.1007/bf01007835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen has effects on cell morphology, differentiation characteristics and function. Using collagen gel culture, several studies about cell differentiation were reported. In this study, the differentiation of rabbit conjunctival epithelial cells in a collagen gel-embedding culture system was investigated by electron microscope and lectin labeling. METHODS Rabbit bulbar conjunctival epithelial cells were cultured in type I collagen gel. After 1 and 2 weeks of culture, some of these cells were stained with PAS and seven kinds of lectins, and others were examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The conjunctival epithelial cells cultured within collagen gel formed stratified cell layers and globules with cavities. The inner layer cells facing the cavities showed PAS and lectin staining patterns similar to those of conjunctival goblet cells in vivo, whereas the staining patterns of the outer layer cells on the collagen matrices resembled the patterns of non-goblet epithelial cells. Microvilli on the surface of the innermost cells, basement membranes beneath the outermost cells, tight junctions, adherent junctions, interdigitating folds and desmosomes between cells were identified on electron microscopic examination. CONCLUSION These results indicate that cell junction structures of the conjunctival epithelial cells are well developed in collagen gel-embedding culture systems, and that the inner layer cells have carbohydrates similar to those of conjunctival goblet cells. Culture of conjunctival epithelial cells within collagen gel is a useful model for examining differentiation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Niiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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21
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Tsuji S, Kawano S, Tsujii M, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Roles of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor in gastric mucosa. A cell biological and molecular biological study. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40:1132-9. [PMID: 7729276 DOI: 10.1007/bf02064211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulates the growth of hepatocytes and other epithelial cells. A gene for the HGF receptor, c-met, is detected in the intestinal tract and the liver, as well as in gastric carcinoma cells. However, the role of HGF in the regeneration of the normal gastric mucosa is not known. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects of HGF on the morphogenesis of cultured gastric mucosal cells and to evaluate the role of HGF and c-met in the healing process in rat gastric mucosa. The cultured gastric mucosal cells developed a branching morphology in a collagen matrix supplemented with HGF or fetal calf serum. They did not form this morphology on a plastic dish or in the collagen without HGF or the serum. In an in vivo study, total RNA was extracted from rat gastric mucosa 6, 24, 48, and 96 hr after the exposure to a solution of 0.6 M HCl. HGF messenger RNA was not detected, but c-met was expressed in the mucosa. The increased expression of c-met was followed by healing of the mucosal injury. These results indicate that HGF plays important roles in the morphogenesis of gastric mucosal cells and that the HGF receptor gene participates in the healing process of gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsuji
- First Department of Medicine, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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22
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Kaneko Y, Igarashi M, Iwashita M, Suzuki K, Kojima H, Kimura S, Hasobe M. Effects of fish and calf type I collagens as culture substrate in the adhesion and spreading process of established fish cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1995; 31:178-82. [PMID: 7757299 DOI: 10.1007/bf02639431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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23
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Petersen OW, Rønnov-Jessen L, Bissell MJ. The Microenvironment of the Breast: Three-Dimensional Models to Study the Roles of the Stroma and the Extracellular Matrix in Function and Dysfunction. Breast J 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4741.1995.tb00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Yang J, Popnikolov NK, Sakthivel R, Nandi S. Human breast cancers respond to growth factors in vivo but not in vitro. Cancer Lett 1994; 85:13-21. [PMID: 7923096 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(94)90233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Growth response of human breast cancer cells to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) was tested both in culture and in vivo in nude mice. Human breast cancer cells were obtained from palpable tumors resulting from xenografted primary breast cancers in nude mice. In collagen gel culture, the breast cancer cells grew autonomously as expanding spherical masses of loosely adherent cells in the basal medium and the supplementation of growth factors had no additional stimulatory effect. To determine whether this in vitro response is reflected in vivo, the collagen gel embedded human breast cancer cells were transplanted into athymic nude mice and the growth response to EGF was studied in vivo. In contrast to the situation in vitro, exogenous EGF was growth promoting in vivo. Our results demonstrate the importance of the combined in vitro-in vivo approach in studying physiologically relevant growth regulation. In addition, the use of collagen gel embedded human breast cancer cells for transplantation studies may more closely model the clinical situation in view of the close histopathological resemblance of the recovered gels to the surgical breast specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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25
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Yang J, Guzman RC, Popnikolov N, Bandyopadhyay GK, Christov K, Collins G, Nandi S. Phenotypic characterization of collagen gel embedded primary human breast epithelial cells in athymic nude mice. Cancer Lett 1994; 81:117-27. [PMID: 8012929 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(94)90192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a method to characterize the phenotypes and tumorigenicity of dissociated human breast epithelial cells. The dissociated cells were first embedded in collagen gels and subsequently transplanted subcutaneously in vivo in athymic nude mice. The transplantation of dissociated epithelial cells from reduction mammoplasties, presumed to be normal, always resulted in normal histomorphology. Epithelial cells were arranged as short tubular structures consisting of lumina surrounded by epithelial cells with an occasional more complex branching structure. These outgrowths were surrounded by intact basement membrane and were embedded in collagen gel that, at termination, contained collagenous stroma with fibroblasts and blood vessels. In contrast, transplantation of dissociated breast epithelial cells from breast cancer specimens resulted in outgrowths with an invasive pattern infiltrating the collagen gel as well as frank invasion into vascular space, nerves and muscles. These observations were made long before the subsequent palpable stage which resulted if left in the mouse for a long enough time. The dissociated human breast epithelial cells thus retained their intrinsic property to undergo morphogenesis to reflect their original phenotype when placed in a suitable environment, the collagen gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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26
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Mitogenic response of rat lung and tracheal epithelial cells in monolayer primary cultures—Modulation of TNF-α expression. J Biosci 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02703056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Dixon MJ, Foreman D, Schor S, William M, Ferguson J. Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha regulate extracellular matrix production by embryonic mouse palatal mesenchymal cells cultured on a variety of substrata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993; 203:140-150. [PMID: 28305731 DOI: 10.1007/bf00365053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/1992] [Accepted: 07/09/1993] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells were cultured either on plastic tissue culture dishes or on the surface of three-dimensional collagen gels or within collagen gel matrices in DMEM/F12 medium containing 2.5% donor calf serum. MEPM cells proliferated exponentially when cultured on collagen or on plastic. Cells cultured within collagen gels did not proliferate but remained viable. Addition of 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) stimulated the proliferation of those cells cultured on plastic or on collagen but not those cultured within collagen gels. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that MEPM cells synthesise collagen types I, III, IV, V, VI and IX; fibronectin, heparan sulphate proteoglycan, laminin and tenascin in vitro. These molecules are all present in the developing palate in vivo. EGF and TGFα produced a generalised stimulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis by MEPM cells in vitro. Biochemical analysis indicated that cells cultured within collagen gels had the highest intrinsic rate of protein synthesis. On all substrata neither EGF nor TGFα markedly altered the types of ECM molecules synthesised but rather caused a general increase in the total amount produced. This stimulation was most marked where the cells were cultured within collagen gels. The lack of stimulation of proliferation of MEPM cells cultured within collagen gels (i.e. in a physiologically-relevant environment) by EGF or TGFα together with the marked stimulation of ECM synthesis suggests that these factors may act as differentiation signals via their effects on ECM production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael James Dixon
- Animal and Human Reproduction, Development and Growth Research Group, Department of Cell and Structural Biology, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, M13 3PT, Manchester, UK
| | - David Foreman
- Animal and Human Reproduction, Development and Growth Research Group, Department of Cell and Structural Biology, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, M13 3PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Seth Schor
- Animal and Human Reproduction, Development and Growth Research Group, Department of Cell and Structural Biology, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, M13 3PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark William
- Animal and Human Reproduction, Development and Growth Research Group, Department of Cell and Structural Biology, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, M13 3PT, Manchester, UK
| | - James Ferguson
- Animal and Human Reproduction, Development and Growth Research Group, Department of Cell and Structural Biology, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, M13 3PT, Manchester, UK
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Ishikura H, Takahashi C, Kanagawa K, Togashi M, Koyanagi T, Yoshiki T. Susceptibility of renal tubular cells to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells: application of culture system using a collagen gel matrix. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY INCLUDING MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 1993; 63:115-21. [PMID: 8094921 DOI: 10.1007/bf02899250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer cultures of renal tubular (hKEC) cells were established. These cells formed empty spheroids after 2-3 weeks of culture in a collagen gel matrix. A subcellular polarity from the apex to basement was induced in these "spheroidal" hKEC cells. The weak expression of laminin at the outer surface was evident on spheroidal but not on monolayered hKEC cells. The regulation of HLA-ABC, DR, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) antigens on hKEC cells in the gel matrix was investigated utilizing digestion of gel matrix by collagenase. Enzymatic digestion of the collagen gel did not significantly affect the surface expression of HLA-ABC and ICAM-1, but reduced HLA-DR expression as shown by flow cytometry. The MHC and ICAM-1 molecules on both spheroid-forming and monolayered hKEC cells were upregulated by adding a supernatant of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and recombinant human interferon (IFN)-gamma. HLA-DR antigen expression was inconsistently induced on the hKEC cells cultured in collagen gel without MLR supernatant or IFN-gamma. In contrast, no HLA-DR expression was found on monolayered hKEC cells in the absence of MLR supernatant or IFN-gamma. Spheroid-forming hKEC cells, when dispersed by enzymatic digestion, were more susceptible to cytolysis by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells than were the enzymatically dispersed, monolayered cells in the 51Cr-release assay. The LAK cells were seen to migrate into the collagen gel and kill the hKEC cells. Thus, LAK cells may function to favor the acceleration of graft rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishikura
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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29
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Srivastava S, Grant H, Courtney J, Barbenel J. The In-Vitro Cellular Response of Mouse and Human Fibroblasts to Collagen-Based Wound Dressings. J Tissue Viability 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0965-206x(14)80080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Natsume T, Ike O, Okada T, Takimoto N, Shimizu Y, Ikada Y. Porous collagen sponge for esophageal replacement. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1993; 27:867-75. [PMID: 8360214 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820270705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A new artificial esophagus with a bilayered structure made of porous collagen sponge and silicone was studied. The concept of this study was not to replace an esophageal defect permanently with prosthesis but to promote tissue regeneration by collagen. Five centimeters of cervical esophagus were replaced by this artificial esophagus in 19 adult mongrel dogs. Two weeks after implantation, the collagen sponge was replaced by autologous tissue and regeneration of the "neoesophagus" was observed in all animals. The inner surface of the neoesophagus was covered with mature mucosal epithelium similar to the intact esophagus 4-5 weeks after implantation. The replacement site was not complicated by infection, anastomotic leakage, or exuberant granulation tissue development on the luminal surface. In a long-term survival study, animals showed moderate-grade stenosis but could take normal feed orally and with no clinical problems observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Natsume
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
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31
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Kinoshita Y, Kuzuhara T, Kirigakubo M, Kobayashi M, Shimura K, Ikada Y. Reduction in tumour formation on porous polyethylene by collagen immobilization. Biomaterials 1993; 14:546-50. [PMID: 8329528 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(93)90244-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
After surface modification with collagen immobilization through covalent bonding, porous polyethylene pieces with an average pore size of 400 microns were implanted subcutaneously into the back of rats for 1 yr. It was found that connective tissues with abundant blood vessels were formed clearly, filling more than 90% of the pore volume and bound firmly to the pore walls. A tumour was found in only one of 24 implanted pieces (4.2%). On the other hand, the virgin porous polyethylene pieces without collagen immobilization exhibited inflammatory reactions within the pores and the connective tissues produced filled only 15% of the pore volume. Formation of a malignant histiocytoma was observed in 11 of the 24 pieces which had been implanted (45.8%). Thus, immobilization of collagen on the surface of an artificial material through covalent bonding proved to be very effective not only for firm bonding with soft connective tissues but also for a reduction of tumour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kinoshita
- Second Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan
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32
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Mucin synthesis and secretion by cultured tracheal cells: effects of collagen gel substratum thickness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993; 29:469-77. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02639381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/1992] [Accepted: 12/15/1992] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Romero MF, Douglas JG, Eckert RL, Hopfer U, Jacobberger JW. Development and characterization of rabbit proximal tubular epithelial cell lines. Kidney Int 1992; 42:1130-44. [PMID: 1280703 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1992.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated rabbit kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell lines. The selection was based on their ability to form confluent monolayers on porous supports and to maintain receptor-mediated signal transduction and ion transport, characteristic of the proximal tubule. The isolation method consisted of several steps: (1) superficial cortical proximal tubule segments were microdissected and cultured on a matrix-coated porous support until cells formed a confluent monolayer; (2) primary cultures showing hormone-regulated ion transport typical for the proximal tubule were selected and co-cultured with irradiated fibroblasts; and (3) the epithelial cells surviving after several passages were expanded and passaged on porous substrates. Most of the cell lines developed in this manner were obtained by co-culture with irradiated fibroblasts producing a recombinant retrovirus encoding SV40 large T antigen and G418 resistance. However, SV40 T antigen expression was not essential for immortalization, since neither T antigen nor G418 resistance was detected in the isolated cell lines and co-culture with non-producing 3T3 cells gave similar results. One cell line (vEPT) has been characterized in some detail with respect to morphological, biochemical, and ion transport properties. This line forms confluent monolayers with apical microvilli, tight junctions, and convolutions of the basolateral plasma membrane. Once confluent, monolayers maintain conductances of 25 to 32 mS/cm2 for several weeks in culture and possess phlorizin-sensitive short-circuit current (Isc) in glucose containing media, indicative of apical Na(+)-glucose co-transport. vEPT cells also retain receptor and signaling mechanisms for angiotensin II (Ang II). Apical and basal Ang II and 5,6-epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET) modulate the Isc in a manner similar to primary cultures. The cell lines share with primary cultures expression of the cytokeratins K8, K10/K11, and K19 ("nomenclature" [21]). They also retain several receptor and signal transduction mechanisms. For example, Ang II, arachidonate, bradykinin, 5,6-EET, parathyroid hormone (residues 1 through 34), and purine nucleotides increase cytosolic Ca2+, PTH elevates cAMP levels, and Ang II enhances proximal tubule-specific arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Romero
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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34
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A co-culture system for studies of paracrine effects of stromal cells on the growth of epithelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01404745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Kumamoto S, Ono J, Tanaka Y, Takaki R. Artificial capillaries support insulin-producing cells. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 1992; 28A:80-2. [PMID: 1537755 DOI: 10.1007/bf02631009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Iguchi T. Cellular effects of early exposure to sex hormones and antihormones. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1992; 139:1-57. [PMID: 1428674 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Iguchi
- Department of Biology, Yokohama City University, Japan
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37
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Niihashi M, Nemoto N, Sakurai I. Three-dimensional reorganization of a cell line of papilla Vateri adenocarcinoma in various culture conditions. ACTA PATHOLOGICA JAPONICA 1992; 42:15-24. [PMID: 1557984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1992.tb01106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SAV-I, a cell line derived from a well differentiated adenocarcinoma of Vater's papilla, was cultured under four different conditions using collagen gel matrices (type I collagen): 1) double-layered, 2) floating double-layered, 3) embedded, and 4) floating embedded, then observed by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Under all four conditions, three-dimensional growth with tubules occurred. In particular, the floating double-layered condition, where the cells were cultured between two collagen gel layers, then floated onto the medium, was useful for showing cellular reorganization. The three-dimensional growth patterns observed in vitro closely resembled the in vivo growth of SAV-I cells transplanted into nude mice. Therefore, we conclude that the floating double-layered condition is useful for demonstrating the morphological characteristics of the parent cells of established cell lines, and should be advantageous for studies of the relationship between cellular morphology and function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niihashi
- Second Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Vournakis JN, Runstadler PW. Optimization of the microenvironment for mammalian cell culture in flexible collagen microspheres in a fluidized-bed bioreactor. BIOTECHNOLOGY (READING, MASS.) 1991; 17:305-26. [PMID: 2049545 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-409-90123-8.50018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Flexible, three-dimensional, collagen Microspheres have been developed to actively promote a natural, optimal microenvironment for large-scale tissue culture of mammalian cells. The transport of nutrients into and cell products out of the Microspheres is enhanced by forced convective flow, which is the result of the tumbling of Microspheres and the dynamic properties of media flow in the fluidized-bed bioreactor. The collagen Microspheres have important characteristics of composition and morphology essential for optimal cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. These interactions lead to high cell density and productivity through the dynamic modification of the microenvironment by cell-derived extracellular constituents. The collagen and Microsphere/fluidized-bed system provides the means to control and optimize the diffusive and contact components of the cells' microenvironment. Adaptation of cells to this microenvironment often results in dramatic increases in cell-specific productivity. Production of biotherapeutics in this process can be routinely performed in serum-free media, often leading to high productivity and product quality.
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39
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40
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Turner T, Bern HA. Growth responses of prostatic epithelial cells from male mice neonatally exposed to diethylstilbestrol in serum-free collagen gel culture. Cancer Lett 1990; 52:209-18. [PMID: 2379143 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(90)90189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Growth of anterior and ventral prostatic epithelial cells from mice neonatally exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) and from unexposed control mice was compared at different time points in serum-free collagen gel culture. A longer maintenance of the initial plating density (lag in growth) was observed in cultured DES-exposed ventral prostatic cells. Neonatal DES exposure resulted in two colony types: one similar to colonies arising from unexposed cells and one which appears to be non-growing. Keratinization was observed in some DES-exposed anterior prostatic cell colonies. Removal of epidermal growth factor from the serum-free medium significantly decreased growth in 3 of the 4 groups compared with their growth in the complete serum-free medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Turner
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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41
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Turner T, Bern HA, Young P, Cunha GR. Serum-free culture of enriched mouse anterior and ventral prostatic epithelial cells in collagen gel. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 1990; 26:722-30. [PMID: 2384450 DOI: 10.1007/bf02624429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sustained growth of mouse ventral and anterior prostatic epithelial cells embedded within collagen gel matrix was achieved in a serum-free medium composed of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F12 medium, 1:1 (vol/vol), supplemented with bovine serum albumin fraction V, epidermal growth factor, transferrin, cholera toxin, prolactin, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, cortisol, putrescine, fibroblast growth factor, and a trace element mixture. Three-dimensional growth of prostatic epithelial cells occurred inside the collagen gel matrix. This serum-free medium allowed cell growth greater than sevenfold over 10 d in culture. Tissue recombination and cell culture techniques were integrated to demonstrate that cultured cells retained prostatic characteristics. Following 10 d of culture, epithelial colonies from mouse ventral and anterior prostatic epithelial cell cultures were isolated and combined with rat fetal urogenital sinus mesenchyme and grown for 4 wk under the renal capsule of intact athymic male mice. These tissue recombinants showed distinctive prostatic histologic characteristics (alveoli and ducts lined with cuboidal or columnar epithelium surrounded by stroma). When histologic sections of recombinants were stained with the Hoechst 33258, epithelial cells of mouse origin were distinguishable from stromal cells of rat origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Turner
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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42
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Furukawa M, Kono T, Tanii T, Taniguchi S, Ishii M, Hamada T. Altered response to dacarbazine by murine melanoma cells cultured in type I collagen gel. Arch Dermatol Res 1990; 282:278-9. [PMID: 2372222 DOI: 10.1007/bf00371652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan
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Kono T, Furukawa M, Tanii T, Mizuno N, Taniguchi S, Ishii M, Hamada T. Enhanced melanogenesis of murine melanoma cells cultured on or in collagen gel. Arch Dermatol Res 1990; 282:263-6. [PMID: 2115320 DOI: 10.1007/bf00371647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the interaction between melanoma and its matrix, we cultured B16 murine melanoma cells on and in type I collagen gel and evaluated specified functions of melanoma cells; tyrosinase activity and melanin-synthesizing capacity. Proliferation of cells cultured in these environments was markedly suppressed compared with that of cells cultured conventionally on plastic. On the other hand, the tyrosinase activity of cells cultured in or on collagen gel was two to three times higher than that of cells cultured on the plastics, while their melanin production was approximately double that achieved during conventional culture of cells. In conclusion, collagen gel influenced the growth and cell-specific functions of the melanoma cell. The culture system using collagen gel as substrate may be useful for the investigation of the interaction between melanoma and its matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kono
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan
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Furukawa M, Kono T, Tanii T, Ishii M, Hamada T, Shibata T. Proliferative potential of murine melanoma cells cultured in or on collagen gel. J Dermatol 1990; 17:297-302. [PMID: 2380434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1990.tb01644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As the first step in developing an in vitro model of melanoma cells infiltrating the dermis, B16 murine melanoma cells were cultured on and in type I collagen gels. Under these conditions, the melanoma cell adopted an elongated or dendritic form. Cell proliferation was suppressed in the culture system using the collagen gel as compared with the conventional monolayer culture on plastic. Microcinematographically, this suppression was found to be due to an extension of the cell cycle time of each individual cell. On the other hand, there were no appreciable differences in proliferation pattern between the cells cultured on type I and IV collagen film and those cultured on plastic. These results suggest that there are interactions between type I collagen in the gel form and melanoma cells, especially with respect to cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan
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Kadoya Y. Established mouse liver cell lines as a model system for studying epithelio-mesenchymal interactions in morphogenesis. CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGISTS 1990; 30:117-28. [PMID: 2386886 DOI: 10.1016/0922-3371(90)90080-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four cell lines were established from both fetal and adult livers of mice (ddY strain) by colony isolation methods, and these were characterized by morphological, immunological and biochemical examination. An epithelial cell line from a fetus (eE1-10) was identified to be derived from the biliary tract epithelium. Another epithelial cell line from an adult (aE3) reconstructed bile canaliculi-like structures in aggregates and secreted several serum proteins, indicating that it was derived from the hepatic parenchyma. The other two lines (eF1 and aF1) are fibroblastic in morphology. These were derived from fetal and adult livers, respectively. Both eE1-10 and the fetal fibroblastic cell line (eF1) are hypotetraploid, whereas both aE3 and the adult fibroblastic cell line (aF1) are hypodiploid. All four cell lines showed both contact inhibition and anchorage dependency of growth. Luminal structures with basal laminar, similar to bile ducts, were reconstituted from eE1-10 cells when co-aggregated with aF1 fibroblastic cells. Luminal structures were also formed from eE1-10 cells embedded in collagen gel. These, however, had no basal lamina and there was less development of microvilli than in aggregates mixed with fibroblastic cells. These results indicate that the fibroblastic cells afford favourable conditions for maintenance of the elaborated luminal structure of epithelial cells through production of the basal lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kadoya
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
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46
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Srivastava S, Gorham SD, French DA, Shivas AA, Courtney JM. In vivo evaluation and comparison of collagen, acetylated collagen and collagen/glycosaminoglycan composite films and sponges as candidate biomaterials. Biomaterials 1990; 11:155-61. [PMID: 2161687 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(90)90148-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Native collagen, acetylated collagen, collagen/10% chondroitin sulphate, collagen/2.5% hyaluronic acid and collagen/20% hyaluronic acid were implanted both as film and as sponge into rat lumbar muscle for 7 and 14 d. After 7 d implantation, all materials elicited an acute inflammatory cell response characterized by numerous polymorphs and histocytes. The cell population after 14 d was principally mononuclear, i.e. leucocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Both films and sponges followed a similar pattern. Native collagen elicited a subacute inflammatory response after 7 d. However, 14 d after implantation, a marked infiltration by neutrophils was apparent with subsequent degradation of existing collagen material. Acetylated collagen film evoked a much greater inflammatory cell response than native collagen. Both collagen/hyaluronic acid composites elicited a similar response. The collagen/10% chondroitin sulphate composite elicited the least inflammatory cell response at 7 d, whereas infiltration by host fibroblasts after 14 d implantation was clearly seen.
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47
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Gotoh Y, Hiraiwa K, Nagayama M. In vitro mineralization of osteoblastic cells derived from human bone. BONE AND MINERAL 1990; 8:239-50. [PMID: 2157512 DOI: 10.1016/0169-6009(90)90109-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblastic cells were isolated from human maxilla by embedding the bone pieces in collagen gel. The isolated cells could be maintained in monolayer culture up to 50 population doubling levels (PDLs). Both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased intracellular cyclic AMP level of the cells. The cells also showed high level of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and formed mineralized areas in monolayer culture. Electron microscopy demonstrated that these cells were surrounded by numerous well-banded collagen fibrils, among which matrix vesicles were scattered. It was also observed that needle-shaped crystals protruded from some matrix vesicles. These protruded crystals appeared to deposit along the collagen fibrils and a mineralized matrix was formed. The minerals of mineralized matrix mainly consisted of calcium and phosphorus and had the same Ca/P ratio as hydroxyapatite. These results indicate that the cells derived from human bone have characteristics of osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gotoh
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tokushima University, Japan
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48
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Durban EM. Mouse submandibular salivary epithelial cell growth and differentiation in long-term culture: influence of the extracellular matrix. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 1990; 26:33-43. [PMID: 1689711 DOI: 10.1007/bf02624152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The adult mouse submandibular salivary gland provides a good model system to study gene regulation during normal and abnormal cell behavior because it synthesizes functionally distinct products ranging from growth factors and digestive enzymes to factors of relevance to homeostatic mechanisms. The present study describes the long-term growth and differentiation of submandibular salivary epithelial cells from adult male mice as a function of the culture substratum. Using a two-step partial dissociation procedure, it was possible to enrich for ductal cells of the granular convoluted tubules, the site of epidermal growth factor synthesis. Long-term cell growth over a period of 2 to 3 mo. with at least 3 serial passages was obtained only within three-dimensional collagen gels. Cells grew as ductal-type structures, many of which generated lumens with time in culture. Electron microscopic analysis in reference to the submandibular gland in vivo revealed enrichment for and maintenance of morphologic features of granular convoluted tubule cells. Reactivity with a keratin-specific monoclonal antibody established the epithelial nature of the cells that grew within collagen. Maintenance of cell differentiation, using immunoreactivity for epidermal growth factor as criterion, was determined by both cytochemical and biochemical approaches and was found to be dependent on the collagen matrix and hormones. Greater than 50% of the cells in primary collagen cultures contained epidermal growth factor only in the presence of testosterone and triiodothyronine. In contrast, cells initially seeded on plastic or cycled to plastic from collagen gels were virtually negative for epidermal growth factor. Biochemical analysis confirmed the presence of a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 6000 which comigrated with purified mouse epidermal growth factor. Epidermal growth factor was also present in detectable levels in Passage 1 cells. This culture system should permit assessment of whether modulation of submandibular gland ductal cell growth can be exerted via a mechanism that in itself includes epidermal growth factor and its receptor and signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Durban
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Dental Branch, Houston 77225
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50
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Githens S, Schexnayder JA, Desai K, Patke CL. Rat pancreatic interlobular duct epithelium: isolation and culture in collagen gel. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 1989; 25:679-88. [PMID: 2768130 DOI: 10.1007/bf02623720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Interlobular duct fragments from the pancreas of the rat were isolated by collagenase digestion and filtration, embedded in a matrix of rat-tail collagen, and cultured in a 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco's minimal essential and Ham's F12 media supplemented with cholera toxin (CT, 100 ng/ml) and epidermal growth factor (EGF, 10 ng/ml) in addition to supplements used previously, thereby improving the yield of ducts by a factor of two compared with previous results. The ducts were harvested by digestion of the collagen matrix with collagenase and were then dissociated by treatment with EDTA in divalent cation-free salt suspended in collagen and cultured as were the ducts. Numerous cysts appeared as a function of time and some of these enlarged dramatically. Some of the larger cysts exhibited secondary tubular processes extending into the surrounding collagen. The addition of bovine pituitary extract (BPE, 50 micrograms/ml) doubled the number of cysts, whereas omission of serum or CT + EGF reduced the number. BPE or forskolin could substitute effectively for CT. Agents that stimulate (secretin) or inhibit (e.g., ouabain or acetazolamide) fluid-electrolyte secretion in vivo had no effect on the number or average diameter of the cysts. The cysts were 83 to 88% epithelial with the balance of the cells being fibroblastic in appearance. Some cysts consisted only of epithelium. The proliferative capacity of the cystic epithelium was shown by the presence of mitotic figures and by an autoradiographic labeling index of 22 to 30% after a 24-h exposure to [3H]thymidine. The labeling index was reduced by the omission of CT + EGF. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the cysts exhibited morphologic features of duct epithelium in vivo, including apical microvilli, lateral interdigitations of the plasma membrane, and typical cytoplasmic organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Githens
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
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