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Le Bars S, Glaab E. Single-Cell Cortical Transcriptomics Reveals Common and Distinct Changes in Cell-Cell Communication in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04419-7. [PMID: 39143450 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) cause significant neuronal loss and severely impair daily living. Despite different clinical manifestations, these disorders share common pathological molecular hallmarks, including mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic degeneration. A detailed comparison of molecular changes at single-cell resolution in the cortex, as one of the main brain regions affected in both disorders, may reveal common susceptibility factors and disease mechanisms. We performed single-cell transcriptomic analyses of post-mortem cortical tissue from AD and PD subjects and controls to identify common and distinct disease-associated changes in individual genes, cellular pathways, molecular networks, and cell-cell communication events, and to investigate common mechanisms. The results revealed significant disease-specific, shared, and opposing gene expression changes, including cell type-specific signatures for both diseases. Hypoxia signaling and lipid metabolism emerged as significantly modulated cellular processes in both AD and PD, with contrasting expression alterations between the two diseases. Furthermore, both pathway and cell-cell communication analyses highlighted shared significant alterations involving the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which has been implicated in the inflammatory response in several neurodegenerative disorders. Overall, the analyses revealed common and distinct alterations in gene signatures, pathway activities, and gene regulatory subnetworks in AD and PD. The results provide insights into coordinated changes in pathway activity and cell-cell communication that may guide future diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Le Bars
- Biomedical Data Science Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Biomedical Data Science Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Bastioli G, Piccirillo S, Graciotti L, Carone M, Sprega G, Taoussi O, Preziuso A, Castaldo P. Calcium Deregulation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: Role of Calcium-Storing Organelles and Sodium-Calcium Exchanger. Cells 2024; 13:1301. [PMID: 39120330 PMCID: PMC11311461 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that lacks effective treatment strategies to halt or delay its progression. The homeostasis of Ca2+ ions is crucial for ensuring optimal cellular functions and survival, especially for neuronal cells. In the context of PD, the systems regulating cellular Ca2+ are compromised, leading to Ca2+-dependent synaptic dysfunction, impaired neuronal plasticity, and ultimately, neuronal loss. Recent research efforts directed toward understanding the pathology of PD have yielded significant insights, particularly highlighting the close relationship between Ca2+ dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. However, the precise mechanisms driving the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD remain elusive. The disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis is a key factor, engaging various neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathways and affecting intracellular organelles that store Ca2+. Specifically, impaired functioning of mitochondria, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in Ca2+ metabolism is believed to contribute to the disease's pathophysiology. The Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is considered an important key regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis in various cell types, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Alterations in NCX activity are associated with neurodegenerative processes in different models of PD. In this review, we will explore the role of Ca2+ dysregulation and neuroinflammation as primary drivers of PD-related neurodegeneration, with an emphasis on the pivotal role of NCX in the pathology of PD. Consequently, NCXs and their interplay with intracellular organelles may emerge as potentially pivotal players in the mechanisms underlying PD neurodegeneration, providing a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention aimed at halting neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Bastioli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica Delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (G.S.); (O.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura Graciotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica Delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (G.S.); (O.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Marianna Carone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica Delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (G.S.); (O.T.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Sprega
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica Delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (G.S.); (O.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Omayema Taoussi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica Delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (G.S.); (O.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandra Preziuso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica Delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (G.S.); (O.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Pasqualina Castaldo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica Delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (G.S.); (O.T.); (A.P.)
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3
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Jebali A, Rashidi M, Keikha R, Daliri K, Outeiro TF. Novel multifunctional nanoliposomes inhibit α-synuclein fibrillization, attenuate microglial activation, and silence the expression of SNCA gene. Neurologia 2024; 39:321-328. [PMID: 38616059 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the effect of five types of PEGlated nanoliposomes (PNLs) on α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrillization, attenuation of microglial activation, and silence of the SNCA gene, which encodes α-syn. METHODS To evaluate the inhibition of α-syn fibrillization, we used standard in vitro assay based on Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence. Next, to evaluate the attenuation of microglial activation, the concentration of TNF-a and IL-6 was quantified by ELISA assay in BV2 microglia cells treated with 100nM A53T α-syn and PNLs. In order to determine the silencing of the SNCA, real-time PCR and Western blot analysis was used. Finally, the efficacy of PNLs was confirmed in a transgenic mouse model expressing human α-syn. RESULTS ThT assay showed both PNL1 and PNL2 significantly inhibited a-syn fibrillization. ELISA test also showed the production of TNF-a and IL-6 was significantly attenuated when microglial cells treated with PNL1 or PNL2. We also found that SNCA gene, at both mRNA and protein levels, was significantly silenced when BV2 microglia cells were treated with PNL1 or PNL2. Importantly, the efficacy of PNL1 and PNL2 was finally confirmed in vivo in a transgenic mouse model. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the novel multifunctional nanoliposomes tested in our study inhibit α-syn fibrillization, attenuate microglial activation, and silence SNCA gene. Our findings suggest the therapeutic potential of PNL1 and PNL2 for treating synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jebali
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Rashidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - R Keikha
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - K Daliri
- Child Development Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Dehkadeh Salamat Faroq, Faroq, Fars, Iran
| | - T F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Scientific employee with an honorary contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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Sung B, Hwang D, Baek A, Yang B, Lee S, Park J, Kim E, Kim M, Lee E, Chang Y. Gadolinium-Based Magnetic Resonance Theranostic Agent with Gallic Acid as an Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Antioxidant Agent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:204. [PMID: 38397802 PMCID: PMC10885874 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies in the field have actively pursued the incorporation of diverse biological functionalities into gadolinium-based contrast agents, aiming at the amalgamation of MRI imaging and therapeutic capabilities. In this research, we present the development of Gd-Ga, an anti-neuroinflammatory MR contrast agent strategically designed to target inflammatory mediators for comprehensive imaging diagnosis and targeted lesion treatment. Gd-Ga is a gadolinium complex composed of 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethylaza)cyclododecane-10-azaacetylamide (DO3A) conjugated with gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid). Upon intravenous administration in LPS-induced mouse models, Gd-Ga demonstrated a remarkable three-fold increase in signal-to-noise (SNR) variation compared to Gd-DOTA, particularly evident in both the cortex and hippocampus 30 min post-MR monitoring. In-depth investigations, both in vitro and in vivo, into the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of Gd-Ga revealed significantly reduced protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators compared to the LPS group. The alignment between in silico predictions and phantom studies indicates that Gd-Ga acts as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent by directly binding to MD2. Additionally, the robust antioxidant activity of Gd-Ga was confirmed by its effective scavenging of NO and ROS. Our collective findings emphasize the immense potential of this theranostic complex, where a polyphenol serves as an anti-inflammatory drug, presenting an exceptionally efficient platform for the diagnosis and treatment of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- ICT Convergence Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongwook Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- Theranocure Co., Ltd., 90 Chilgokjungang-daero 136-gil, Buk-gu, Daegu 41405, Republic of Korea; (B.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Ahrum Baek
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Byeongwoo Yang
- Theranocure Co., Ltd., 90 Chilgokjungang-daero 136-gil, Buk-gu, Daegu 41405, Republic of Korea; (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Lee
- Theranocure Co., Ltd., 90 Chilgokjungang-daero 136-gil, Buk-gu, Daegu 41405, Republic of Korea; (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwoo Park
- Korea Radioisotope Center for Pharmaceuticals, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Eunji Kim
- Korea Radioisotope Center for Pharmaceuticals, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (E.K.)
- Center for Data Analytics Innovation, Office of National R&D Evaluation and Analysis, Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning, 1339, Wonjung-ro, Maengdong-myeon, Eumseong-gun 27740, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsup Kim
- TARS Scientific, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01662, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eunshil Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (E.L.)
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Guchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Olivier JF, Langlais D, Jeyakumar T, Polyak MJ, Galarneau L, Cayrol R, Jiang H, Molloy KR, Xu G, Suzuki H, LaCava J, Gros P, Fodil N. CCDC88B interacts with RASAL3 and ARHGEF2 and regulates dendritic cell function in neuroinflammation and colitis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:77. [PMID: 38200184 PMCID: PMC10781698 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CCDC88B is a risk factor for several chronic inflammatory diseases in humans and its inactivation causes a migratory defect in DCs in mice. CCDC88B belongs to a family of cytoskeleton-associated scaffold proteins that feature protein:protein interaction domains. Here, we identified the Rho/Rac Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 2 (ARHGEF2) and the RAS Protein Activator Like 3 (RASAL3) as CCDC88B physical and functional interactors. Mice defective in Arhgef2 or Rasal3 show dampened neuroinflammation, and display altered cellular response and susceptibility to colitis; ARHGEF2 maps to a human Chromosome 1 locus associated with susceptibility to IBD. Arhgef2 and Rasal3 mutant DCs show altered migration and motility in vitro, causing either reduced (Arhgef2) or enhanced (Rasal3) migratory properties. The CCDC88B/RASAL3/ARHGEF2 complex appears to regulate DCs migration by modulating activation of RHOA, with ARHGEF2 and RASAL3 acting in opposite regulatory fashions, providing a molecular mechanism for the involvement of these proteins in DCs immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frederic Olivier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Center on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- McGill Research Center on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thiviya Jeyakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Center on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria J Polyak
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Center on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Galarneau
- Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Romain Cayrol
- Department of Pathology, University of Montreal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Center Research Center (CR-CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hua Jiang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly R Molloy
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guoyue Xu
- Department of Human Genetics, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Harumi Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John LaCava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- McGill Research Center on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Nassima Fodil
- McGill Research Center on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CERMO-FC, Pavillon des Sciences Biologiques, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Mirarchi A, Albi E, Beccari T, Arcuri C. Microglia and Brain Disorders: The Role of Vitamin D and Its Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11892. [PMID: 37569267 PMCID: PMC10419106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accounting for 5-20% of the total glial cells present in the adult brain, microglia are involved in several functions: maintenance of the neural environment, response to injury and repair, immunesurveillance, cytokine secretion, regulation of phagocytosis, synaptic pruning, and sculpting postnatal neural circuits. Microglia contribute to some neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD), Tourette syndrome (TS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and schizophrenia. Moreover, microglial involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases, has also been well established. During the last two decades, epidemiological and research studies have demonstrated the involvement of vitamin D3 (VD3) in the brain's pathophysiology. VD3 is a fat-soluble metabolite that is required for the proper regulation of many of the body's systems, as well as for normal human growth and development, and shows neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions and influences on neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity, playing a role in various neurological diseases. In order to better understand the exact mechanisms behind the diverse actions of VD3 in the brain, a large number of studies have been performed on isolated cells or tissues of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we discuss the involvement of VD3 and microglia on neurodegeneration- and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mirarchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
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Rashed ER, El-Hamoly T, El-Sheikh MM, El-Ghazaly MA. Pelargonidin ameliorates reserpine-induced neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cascade: a comparative in vivo study. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:462-471. [PMID: 35289247 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting the neuronal mitochondria as a possible intervention to guard against neurodegenerative disorder progression has been investigated in the current work via the administration of pelargonidin (PEL) to rats intoxicated by the mitochondrial toxin reserpine. The main criteria for choosing PEL were its reported antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. METHODS Male albino Wistar rats were randomized into five experimental groups; normal control, reserpinized to induce mitochondrial failure, standard PARP-1-inhibitor 1,5-isoquinolinediol (DIQ)-treated reserpinized, PEL-treated reserpinized, and GSK-3β inhibitor (AR-A 014418) -treated reserpinized. RESULTS PEL administration reversed the reserpine-induced abnormal behaviors marked by decreased catalepsy time. In addition, PEL restored brain glutathione with a reduction in nitric oxide content as compared to the reserpine-challenged group. Meanwhile, it improved neuronal mitochondrial function by the elevation of complex I activity associated with a low ADP/ATP ratio. Likely through its anti-inflammatory effect, PEL reduced the elevation of serum interleukin-1ß level and inhibited serum lactate dehydrogenase activity. These findings are aligned with the reduced expression of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, indicating PEL's suppressive effect on the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Those biochemical findings were confirmed through comparable histopathological tissue examination among the experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PEL is a promising candidate for future use in the management of mitochondria-associated neuronal complications via controlling the ongoing inflammatory and degeneration cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy R Rashed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Tarek El-Hamoly
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Marwa M El-Sheikh
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Ghazaly
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
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Channer B, Matt SM, Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Pappa V, Agarwal Y, Wickman J, Gaskill PJ. Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:62-158. [PMID: 36757901 PMCID: PMC9832385 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function, regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also regulates critical functions in peripheral organs, such as blood pressure, renal activity, and intestinal motility. Beyond these functions, a growing body of evidence indicates that dopamine is an important immunoregulatory factor. Most types of immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopaminergic proteins, and many immune cells take up, produce, store, and/or release dopamine, suggesting that dopaminergic immunomodulation is important for immune function. Targeting these pathways could be a promising avenue for the treatment of inflammation and disease, but despite increasing research in this area, data on the specific effects of dopamine on many immune cells and disease processes remain inconsistent and poorly understood. Therefore, this review integrates the current knowledge of the role of dopamine in immune cell function and inflammatory signaling across systems. We also discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic regulation of immune signaling in the CNS and peripheral tissues, highlighting the role of dopaminergic immunomodulation in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, several neuropsychiatric conditions, neurologic human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. Careful consideration is given to the influence of experimental design on results, and we note a number of areas in need of further research. Overall, this review integrates our knowledge of dopaminergic immunology at the cellular, tissue, and disease level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopaminergic regulation of immunity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Canonically, dopamine is recognized as a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of movement, cognition, and reward. However, dopamine also acts as an immune modulator in the central nervous system and periphery. This review comprehensively assesses the current knowledge of dopaminergic immunomodulation and the role of dopamine in disease pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level. This will provide broad access to this information across fields, identify areas in need of further investigation, and drive the development of dopaminergic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breana Channer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Stephanie M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Emily A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Jason Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
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9
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Mairuae N, Buranrat B, Cheepsunth P, Yannasithi S. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Fruits Extract Suppresses BV2 Microglial Activation Through Inhibition of NF-κB and Akt/ERK1/2 Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1493.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Tate W, Walker M, Sweetman E, Helliwell A, Peppercorn K, Edgar C, Blair A, Chatterjee A. Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in ME/CFS and Long COVID to Sustain Disease and Promote Relapses. Front Neurol 2022; 13:877772. [PMID: 35693009 PMCID: PMC9174654 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.877772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disease now well-documented as having arisen commonly from a viral infection, but also from other external stressors, like exposure to agricultural chemicals, other types of infection, surgery, or other severe stress events. Research has shown these events produce a systemic molecular inflammatory response and chronic immune activation and dysregulation. What has been more difficult to establish is the hierarchy of the physiological responses that give rise to the myriad of symptoms that ME/CFS patients experience, and why they do not resolve and are generally life-long. The severity of the symptoms frequently fluctuates through relapse recovery periods, with brain-centered symptoms of neuroinflammation, loss of homeostatic control, "brain fog" affecting cognitive ability, lack of refreshing sleep, and poor response to even small stresses. How these brain effects develop with ME/CFS from the initiating external effector, whether virus or other cause, is poorly understood and that is what our paper aims to address. We propose the hypothesis that following the initial stressor event, the subsequent systemic pathology moves to the brain via neurovascular pathways or through a dysfunctional blood-brain barrier (BBB), resulting in chronic neuroinflammation and leading to a sustained illness with chronic relapse recovery cycles. Signaling through recognized pathways from the brain back to body physiology is likely part of the process by which the illness cycle in the peripheral system is sustained and why healing does not occur. By contrast, Long COVID (Post-COVID-19 condition) is a very recent ME/CFS-like illness arising from the single pandemic virus, SARS-CoV-2. We believe the ME/CFS-like ongoing effects of Long COVID are arising by very similar mechanisms involving neuroinflammation, but likely with some unique signaling, resulting from the pathology of the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. The fact that there are very similar symptoms in both ongoing diseases, despite the diversity in the nature of the initial stressors, supports the concept of a similar dysfunctional CNS component common to both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Max Walker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Eiren Sweetman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Amber Helliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katie Peppercorn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christina Edgar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anna Blair
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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The potential convergence of NLRP3 inflammasome, potassium, and dopamine mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:32. [PMID: 35332154 PMCID: PMC8948240 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by α-synuclein aggregation, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra with collateral striatal dopamine signaling deficiency. Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been linked independently to each of these facets of PD pathology. The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3, upregulated in microglia by α-synuclein and facilitating potassium efflux, has also been identified as a modulator of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in models of PD. Evidence increasingly suggests that microglial Kv1.3 is mechanistically coupled with NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which is contingent on potassium efflux. Potassium conductance also influences dopamine release from midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Dopamine, in turn, has been shown to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia. In this review, we provide a literature framework for a hypothesis in which Kv1.3 activity-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, evoked by stimuli such as α-synuclein, could lead to microglia utilizing dopamine from adjacent dopaminergic neurons to counteract this process and fend off an activated state. If this is the case, a sufficient dopamine supply would ensure that microglia remain under control, but as dopamine is gradually siphoned from the neurons by microglial demand, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and Kv1.3 activity would progressively intensify to promote each of the three major facets of PD pathology: α-synuclein aggregation, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Risk factors overlapping to varying degrees to render brain regions susceptible to such a mechanism would include a high density of microglia, an initially sufficient supply of dopamine, and poor insulation of the dopaminergic neurons by myelin.
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12
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Blázquez E, Hurtado-Carneiro V, LeBaut-Ayuso Y, Velázquez E, García-García L, Gómez-Oliver F, Ruiz-Albusac J, Ávila J, Pozo MÁ. Significance of Brain Glucose Hypometabolism, Altered Insulin Signal Transduction, and Insulin Resistance in Several Neurological Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873301. [PMID: 35615716 PMCID: PMC9125423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neurological diseases share pathological alterations, even though they differ in their etiology. Neuroinflammation, altered brain glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and amyloidosis are biological events found in those neurological disorders. Altered insulin-mediated signaling and brain glucose hypometabolism are characteristic signs observed in the brains of patients with certain neurological diseases, but also others such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular diseases. Thus, significant reductions in insulin receptor autophosphorylation and Akt kinase activity, and increased GSK-3 activity and insulin resistance, have been reported in these neurological diseases as contributing to the decline in cognitive function. Supporting this relationship is the fact that nasal and hippocampal insulin administration has been found to improve cognitive function. Additionally, brain glucose hypometabolism precedes the unmistakable clinical manifestations of some of these diseases by years, which may become a useful early biomarker. Deficiencies in the major pathways of oxidative energy metabolism have been reported in patients with several of these neurological diseases, which supports the hypothesis of their metabolic background. This review remarks on the significance of insulin and brain glucose metabolism alterations as keystone common pathogenic substrates for certain neurological diseases, highlighting new potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Blázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Enrique Blázquez,
| | | | - Yannick LeBaut-Ayuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Velázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-García
- Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Gómez-Oliver
- Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Ruiz-Albusac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pozo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Zhang J, Jiang H, Wu F, Chi X, Pang Y, Jin H, Sun Y, Zhang S. Neuroprotective Effects of Hesperetin in Regulating Microglia Polarization after Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting TLR4/NF- κB Pathway. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:9938874. [PMID: 34956584 PMCID: PMC8709759 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9938874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the influence of hesperidin on the polarization of microglia to clarify the key mechanism of regulating the polarization of M2 microglia. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into middle cerebral artery occlusion model group (MCAO group), MCAO + hesperidin treatment group (MCAO + hesperidin group), and sham group (sham operation group). The mice were assessed with neurological scores for their functional status. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazole chloride (TTC) was used to determine the volume of cerebral infarction. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to detect brain loss. The system with 1% O2, 5% CO2, and 92% N2 was applied to establish BV2 in vitro model induced by MCAO. TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, and IL-10 levels of cytokines in the supernatant were detected by ELISA. RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA levels of M1 iNOS, CD11b, CD32, and CD86, and mRNA levels of M2 CD206, Arg-1, and TGF-β. The Iba-1, iNOS, and Arg-1 of microglia and protein levels of TLR4 and p-NF-κB related to the pathway were detected by Western blot. After treatment with hesperidin, BV2 cells induced by MCAO in vitro can reduce the proinflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and IL-1β significantly, further upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines of TGF-β, IL-10 while inhibiting TLR4 and p-NF-κB expression. The MCAO-induced BV2 cells treated by TLR-4 inhibitor TAK-242 and NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 had similar polarization effects to those treated with hesperidin. This study found that hesperetin gavage treatment can improve the neurological deficit and regulate the polarization of microglia in MCAO mice. In vitro experiments further verified that hesperidin plays a neuroprotective role by inhibiting the TLR4-NF-κB pathway, thus providing new targets and strategies for neuroprotection and nerve repair after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Division of Liver Disease, Qiqihar Seventh Hospital, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Xiaofei Chi
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Shicun Zhang
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
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Pierzchlińska A, Droździk M, Białecka M. A Possible Role for HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors and Its Association with HMGCR Genetic Variation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12198. [PMID: 34830081 PMCID: PMC8620375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterised by both motor- and non-motor symptoms, including cognitive impairment. The aetiopathogenesis of PD, as well as its protective and susceptibility factors, are still elusive. Neuroprotective effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors-statins-via both cholesterol-dependent and independent mechanisms have been shown in animal and cell culture models. However, the available data provide conflicting results on the role of statin treatment in PD patients. Moreover, cholesterol is a vital component for brain functions and may be considered as protective against PD. We present possible statin effects on PD under the hypothesis that they may depend on the HMG-CoA reductase gene (HMGCR) variability, such as haplotype 7, which was shown to affect cholesterol synthesis and statin treatment outcome, diminishing possible neuroprotection associated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors administration. Statins are among the most prescribed groups of drugs. Thus, it seems important to review the available data in the context of their possible neuroprotective effects in PD, and the HMG-CoA reductase gene's genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pierzchlińska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Marek Droździk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Monika Białecka
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.P.); (M.B.)
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15
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Jebali A, Rashidi M, Keikha R, Daliri K, Outeiro T. Novel multifunctional nanoliposomes inhibit α-synuclein fibrillization, attenuate microglial activation, and silence the expression of SNCA gene. Neurologia 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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16
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Alawode DOT, Heslegrave AJ, Ashton NJ, Karikari TK, Simrén J, Montoliu‐Gaya L, Pannee J, O´Connor A, Weston PSJ, Lantero‐Rodriguez J, Keshavan A, Snellman A, Gobom J, Paterson RW, Schott JM, Blennow K, Fox NC, Zetterberg H. Transitioning from cerebrospinal fluid to blood tests to facilitate diagnosis and disease monitoring in Alzheimer's disease. J Intern Med 2021; 290:583-601. [PMID: 34021943 PMCID: PMC8416781 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly prevalent worldwide, and disease-modifying treatments may soon be at hand; hence, now, more than ever, there is a need to develop techniques that allow earlier and more secure diagnosis. Current biomarker-based guidelines for AD diagnosis, which have replaced the historical symptom-based guidelines, rely heavily on neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. While these have greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy of AD pathophysiology, they are less practical for application in primary care, population-based and epidemiological settings, or where resources are limited. In contrast, blood is a more accessible and cost-effective source of biomarkers in AD. In this review paper, using the recently proposed amyloid, tau and neurodegeneration [AT(N)] criteria as a framework towards a biological definition of AD, we discuss recent advances in biofluid-based biomarkers, with a particular emphasis on those with potential to be translated into blood-based biomarkers. We provide an overview of the research conducted both in CSF and in blood to draw conclusions on biomarkers that show promise. Given the evidence collated in this review, plasma neurofilament light chain (N) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau; T) show particular potential for translation into clinical practice. However, p-tau requires more comparisons to be conducted between its various epitopes before conclusions can be made as to which one most robustly differentiates AD from non-AD dementias. Plasma amyloid beta (A) would prove invaluable as an early screening modality, but it requires very precise tests and robust pre-analytical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. O. T. Alawode
- From theDepartment of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
| | - A. J. Heslegrave
- From theDepartment of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
| | - N. J. Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Old Age PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS FoundationLondonUK
| | - T. K. Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - J. Simrén
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - L. Montoliu‐Gaya
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - J. Pannee
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - A. O´Connor
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Dementia Research CentreDepartment of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - P. S. J. Weston
- Dementia Research CentreDepartment of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - J. Lantero‐Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - A. Keshavan
- Dementia Research CentreDepartment of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - A. Snellman
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - J. Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - R. W. Paterson
- Dementia Research CentreDepartment of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - J. M. Schott
- Dementia Research CentreDepartment of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - K. Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - N. C. Fox
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Dementia Research CentreDepartment of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - H. Zetterberg
- From theDepartment of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
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Sharma S. High fat diet and its effects on cognitive health: alterations of neuronal and vascular components of brain. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113528. [PMID: 34260890 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that intake of diets rich in saturated fats could result in development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have suggested that intake of high fat diet (HFD) is also associated with cognitive dysfunction. Various preclinical studies have demonstrated the impact of short and long term HFD feeding on the biochemical and behavioural alterations. This review summarizes studies and the protocols used to assess the impacts of HFD feeding on cognitive performance in rodents. Further, it discuss the key mechanisms that are altered by HFD feeding, such as, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, transcriptional dysregulation and loss of synaptic plasticity. Along with these, HFD feeding also alters the vascular components of brain such as loss of BBB integrity and reduced cerebral blood flow. It is highly possible that these factors are responsible for the development of cognitive deficits as a result of HFD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorabh Sharma
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W2Y2, Canada.
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18
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Klinger D, Hill BL, Barda N, Halperin E, Gofrit ON, Greenblatt CL, Rappoport N, Linial M, Bercovier H. Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy by BCG Is Associated with a Significantly Reduced Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050491. [PMID: 34064775 PMCID: PMC8151667 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) is a live attenuated form of Mycobacterium bovis that was developed 100 years ago as a vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) and has been used ever since to vaccinate children globally. It has also been used as the first-line treatment in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), through repeated intravesical applications. Numerous studies have shown that BCG induces off-target immune effects in various pathologies. Accumulating data argue for the critical role of the immune system in the course of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we tested whether repeated exposure to BCG during the treatment of NMIBC is associated with the risk of developing AD and PD. We presented a multi-center retrospective cohort study with patient data collected between 2000 and 2019 that included 12,185 bladder cancer (BC) patients, of which 2301 BCG-treated patients met all inclusion criteria, with a follow-up of 3.5 to 7 years. We considered the diagnosis date of AD and nonvascular dementia cases for BC patients. The BC patients were partitioned into those who underwent a transurethral resection of the bladder tumor followed by BCG therapy, and a disjoint group that had not received such treatment. By applying Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression and competing for risk analyses, we found that BCG treatment was associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing AD, especially in the population aged 75 years or older. The older population (≥75 years, 1578 BCG treated, and 5147 controls) showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.726 (95% CI: 0.529–0.996; p-value = 0.0473). While in a hospital-based cohort, BCG treatment resulted in an HR of 0.416 (95% CI: 0.203–0.853; p-value = 0.017), indicating a 58% lower risk of developing AD. The risk of developing PD showed the same trend with a 28% reduction in BCG-treated patients, while no BCG beneficial effect was observed for other age-related events such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and stroke. We attributed BCG’s beneficial effect on neurodegenerative diseases to a possible activation of long-term nonspecific immune effects. We proposed a prospective study in elderly people for testing intradermic BCG inoculation as a potential protective agent against AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Klinger
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Brian L. Hill
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1596, USA; (B.L.H.); (E.H.)
| | - Noam Barda
- Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Ramat-Gan 6578898, Israel;
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eran Halperin
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1596, USA; (B.L.H.); (E.H.)
| | - Ofer N. Gofrit
- Department of Urology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Charles L. Greenblatt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (C.L.G.); (H.B.)
| | - Nadav Rappoport
- Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Michal Linial
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-54-882-0035
| | - Hervé Bercovier
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (C.L.G.); (H.B.)
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Kim SH, Ko YJ, Kim JY, Sim YJ. Treadmill Running Improves Spatial Learning Memory Through Inactivation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer Disease Rats. Int Neurourol J 2021; 25:S35-43. [PMID: 34053209 PMCID: PMC8171239 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2142164.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise is known to reduce proinflammatory cytokines production and apoptosis. We investigated the effect of treadmill running on spatial learning memory in terms of activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in Alzheimer disease (AD) rats. We also evaluated the effect of treadmill running on proinflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis. METHODS Using the stereotaxic frame, amyloid-β (Aβ) was injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain. The rats belong to treadmill running groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes per a day during 4 weeks, starting 3 days after Aβ injection. Morris water maze task was done for the determination of spatial learning memory. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3, and western blot for NF-κB, inhibitory protein of NF-κB (IκB), MAPK signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β were done. RESULTS Induction of AD increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion by activating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. These changes induced apoptosis in the hippocampus and reduced spatial learning memory. In contrast, treadmill running inactivated the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production. These changes inhibited apoptosis and improved spatial learning memory. CONCLUSION Current results showed that treadmill running promoted spatial learning memory through suppressing proinflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis via inactivation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Treadmill exercise can be considered an effective intervention for symptom relieve of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Sport & Health Sciences, College of Art & Culture, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jun Ko
- Major in Sport Service Practice, College of Welfare Convergence, Kangnam University, Youngin, Korea
| | - Jee-Youn Kim
- School of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Young-Je Sim
- Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea
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Kim YJ, Park SY, Koh YJ, Lee JH. Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects and Mechanism of Action of Fructus ligustri lucidi Extract in BV2 Microglia. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040688. [PMID: 33918375 PMCID: PMC8066913 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For centuries, Fructus ligustri lucidi (FLL; the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Aiton or Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.) has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating hepatitis and aging-related symptoms and in traditional Korean medicine to detoxify kidneys and the liver. Pharmacological research has shown FLL has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-osteoporosis, and hepatoprotective activities. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of FLL extract (FLLE) on neuroinflammation. After setting a non-toxic concentration using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] assay data, we investigated the effects of FLLE using Western blotting, cell migration, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a nitric oxide (NO) assay, and immunofluorescence staining in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV2 microglial cells. FLLE was non-toxic to BV2 cells up to a concentration of 500 μg/mL and concentration-dependently inhibited the production of NO and prostaglandin E2 and the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 under LPS-induced inflammatory conditions. It also inhibited the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, FLLE pretreatment attenuated LPS-induced increases of CD68 (a marker of microglia activation) and suppressed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, and significantly increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 levels. FLLE also reduced the LPS-induced increase in the migratory ability of BV2 cells and the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1. Collectively, FLLE effectively inhibited inflammatory response by suppressing the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and inducing HO-1 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Our findings provide a scientific basis for further study of FLL as a candidate for preventing or alleviating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea;
| | - Sung Yun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Young Jun Koh
- GI Innovation, Inc., Seoul 05855, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.J.K.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-31-961-5839 (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.J.K.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-31-961-5839 (J.-H.L.)
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21
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Aryanpour R, Zibara K, Pasbakhsh P, Jame'ei SB, Namjoo Z, Ghanbari A, Mahmoudi R, Amani S, Kashani IR. 17β-Estradiol Reduces Demyelination in Cuprizone-fed Mice by Promoting M2 Microglia Polarity and Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome. Neuroscience 2021; 463:116-127. [PMID: 33794337 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen produces a beneficial role in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). The effect of 17β-estradiol therapy on microglia polarization and neuroinflammation in the corpus callosum of the cuprizone-induced demyelination model has not been elucidated. In this study, mice were given 0.2% cuprizone (CPZ) for 5 weeks to induce demyelination during which they received 50 ng of 17β-estradiol (EST), injected subcutaneously in the neck region, twice weekly. Data revealed that treatment with 17β-estradiol therapy (CPZ+EST) improved neurological behavioral deficits, displayed by a significant reduction in escape latencies, in comparison to untreated CPZ mice. Also, administration of 17β-estradiol caused a decrease in demyelination levels and axonal injury, as demonstrated by staining with Luxol fast blue, immunofluorescence to myelin basic protein, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. In addition, at the transcriptional level in the brain, mice treated with 17β-estradiol (CPZ+EST) showed a decrease in the levels of M1-assosicted microglia markers (CD86, iNOS and MHC-II) whereas M2-associated genes (Arg-1, CD206 and Trem-2) were increased, compared to CPZ mice. Moreover, administration of 17β-estradiol resulted in a significant reduction (∼3-fold) in transcript levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream product IL-18, compared to controls. In summary, this study demonstrated for the first time that exogenous 17β-estradiol therapy robustly leads to the reduction of M1 phenotype, stimulation of polarized M2 microglia, and repression of NLRP3 inflammasome in the corpus callosum of CPZ demyelination model of MS. The positive effects of 17β-estradiol on microglia and inflammasome seems to facilitate and accelerate the remyelination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Aryanpour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Parichehr Pasbakhsh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Namjoo
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amir Ghanbari
- Cell and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Reza Mahmoudi
- Cell and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Showan Amani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Genome-wide analysis suggests the importance of vascular processes and neuroinflammation in late-life antidepressant response. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:127. [PMID: 33589590 PMCID: PMC7884410 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antidepressant outcomes in older adults with depression is poor, possibly because of comorbidities such as cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, we leveraged multiple genome-wide approaches to understand the genetic architecture of antidepressant response. Our sample included 307 older adults (≥60 years) with current major depression, treated with venlafaxine extended-release for 12 weeks. A standard genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted for post-treatment remission status, followed by in silico biological characterization of associated genes, as well as polygenic risk scoring for depression, neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease. The top-associated variants for remission status and percentage symptom improvement were PIEZO1 rs12597726 (OR = 0.33 [0.21, 0.51], p = 1.42 × 10-6) and intergenic rs6916777 (Beta = 14.03 [8.47, 19.59], p = 1.25 × 10-6), respectively. Pathway analysis revealed significant contributions from genes involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which regulates intracellular protein degradation with has implications for inflammation, as well as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (n = 25 of 190 genes, p = 8.03 × 10-6, FDR-corrected p = 0.01). Given the polygenicity of complex outcomes such as antidepressant response, we also explored 11 polygenic risk scores associated with risk for Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Of the 11 scores, risk for cardioembolic stroke was the second-best predictor of non-remission, after being male (Accuracy = 0.70 [0.59, 0.79], Sensitivity = 0.72, Specificity = 0.67; p = 2.45 × 10-4). Although our findings did not reach genome-wide significance, they point to previously-implicated mechanisms and provide support for the roles of vascular and inflammatory pathways in LLD. Overall, significant enrichment of genes involved in protein degradation pathways that may be impaired, as well as the predictive capacity of risk for cardioembolic stroke, support a link between late-life depression remission and risk for vascular dysfunction.
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23
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Pike AF, Varanita T, Herrebout MAC, Plug BC, Kole J, Musters RJP, Teunissen CE, Hoozemans JJM, Bubacco L, Veerhuis R. α-Synuclein evokes NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion from primary human microglia. Glia 2021; 69:1413-1428. [PMID: 33506583 PMCID: PMC8247862 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD) are hallmarked by α‐synuclein (α‐syn) pathology and neuroinflammation. This neuroinflammation involves activated microglia with increased secretion of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). The main driver of IL‐1β secretion from microglia is the NLRP3 inflammasome. A critical link between microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the progression of both α‐syn pathology and dopaminergic neurodegeneration has been identified in various PD models in vivo. α‐Syn is known to activate the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome in murine models, but its relationship to this inflammasome in human microglia has not been established. In this study, IL‐1β secretion from primary mouse microglia induced by α‐syn fibrils was dependent on NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and caspase‐1 activity, as previously reported. We show that exposure of primary human microglia to α‐syn fibrils also resulted in significant IL‐1β secretion that was dependent on inflammasome assembly and involved the recruitment of caspase‐1 protein to inflammasome scaffolds as visualized with superresolution microscopy. While canonical IL‐1β secretion was clearly dependent on caspase‐1 enzymatic activity, this activity was less clearly involved for α‐syn‐induced IL‐1β secretion from human microglia. This work presents similarities between primary human and mouse microglia in the mechanisms of activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by α‐syn, but also highlights evidence to suggest that there may be a difference in the requirement for caspase‐1 activity in IL‐1β output. The data represent a novel characterization of PD‐related NLRP3 inflammasome activation in primary human microglia and further implicate this mechanism in the pathology underlying PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne F Pike
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike A C Herrebout
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bonnie C Plug
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kole
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René J P Musters
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Robert Veerhuis
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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24
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Mairuae N, Cheepsunthorn P, Buranrat B, Yannasithinon S. Oroxylum indicum Kurz (L.) seed extract exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_393_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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25
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Bonifácio MJ, Sousa F, Soares-da-Silva P. Opicapone enhances the reversal of MPTP-induced Parkinson-like syndrome by levodopa in cynomolgus monkeys. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173742. [PMID: 33220276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Opicapone is a third generation nitrocatechol catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor that has received regional market approval for use as adjunctive therapy to levodopa in Parkinson's disease patients with motor fluctuations. This study evaluated the effects of opicapone as adjunct to levodopa in reversing a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced Parkinson's-like syndrome in cynomolgus monkeys in during opicapone preclinical development program. A Parkinson's-like syndrome was induced in cynomolgus monkeys by daily administrations of MPTP. Evaluation of the animals included scoring with the Primate Parkinsonism Motor Rating Scale (PPMRS) and assessment of locomotor activity. MPTP produced a stable Parkinson's-like behavioural syndrome as evidenced by tremor, postural changes, rigidity, impaired movements and balance, (PPMRS scores of 10-15) and decreased locomotor activity (13% of pre-MPTP values). Opicapone treatment alone, for 14 days, did not change Parkinson's-like symptoms nor decreased subject's locomotor behaviour. Ascending combinations of levodopa/benserazide dose-dependently decreased PPMRS and improved locomotor behaviour reaching statistical significance for levodopa/benserazide doses of 18/4.5 mg/kg and those effects were enhanced in opicapone treated subjects. Opicapone treated subjects as compared vehicle-treated, had markedly reduced erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase activity, significantly increased plasma levodopa levels (1.8-fold higher AUC) with no statistically significant changes in Cmax and significantly reduced 3-OMD AUC and Cmax values (7.8- and 6.8-fold respectively). Opicapone potentiated the improvements in Parkinson's-like symptoms produced by levodopa/benserazide combinations with concomitant increase in plasma levodopa exposure, reduction of plasma 3-O-methyldopa levels and erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase activity, results that were later demonstrated in 2 large Phase 3 studies in Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bonifácio
- Department of Research, BIAL-Portela & C(a), S.A, 4745-457, Coronado (S. Mamede & S. Romão), Portugal
| | - Filipa Sousa
- Department of Research, BIAL-Portela & C(a), S.A, 4745-457, Coronado (S. Mamede & S. Romão), Portugal
| | - Patrício Soares-da-Silva
- Department of Research, BIAL-Portela & C(a), S.A, 4745-457, Coronado (S. Mamede & S. Romão), Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200, Porto, Portugal; MedInUp - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, 4200, Porto, Portugal.
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26
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Microglia mediated neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 130:167-176. [PMID: 32823050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the precise pathophysiologies underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not yet been fully clarified, growing evidence supports the involvement of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of this disorder, with microglia being particular relevance in the pathophysiologic processes. OBJECTIVE The present review aimed to systematically characterize existing literature regarding the role of microglia mediated neuroinflammation in the etiology of ASD. METHODS A systematic search was conducted for records indexed within Pubmed, EMBASE, or Web of Science to identify potentially eligible publications. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two authors, and the discrepancies in each step were settled through discussions. RESULTS A total of 14 studies comprising 1007 subjects met the eligibility criteria for this review, including 8 immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies, 5 genetic analysis studies, and 1 positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Although small in quantity, the included studies collectively pointed to a role of microglia mediated neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of ASD. CONCLUSION Findings generated from this review consistently supported the involvement of neuroinflammation in the development of ASD, confirmed by the activation of microglia in different brain regions, involving increased cell number or cell density, morphological alterations, and phenotypic shifts.
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27
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Saccà SC, Paluan F, Gandolfi S, Manni G, Cutolo CA, Izzotti A. Common aspects between glaucoma and brain neurodegeneration. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108323. [PMID: 33339584 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration can be defined as progressive cell damage to nervous system cells, and more specifically to neurons, which involves morphologic alterations and progressive loss of function until cell death. Glaucoma exhibits many aspects of neurodegenerative disease. This review examines the pathogenesis of glaucoma, comparing it with that of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting their common features. Indeed, in all three diseases there are not only the same types of pathogenic events, but also similarities of temporal cadences that determine neuronal damage. All three age-related illnesses have oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction as the first pathogenic steps. The consequence of these alterations is the death of visual neurons in glaucoma, cognitive neurons in AD and regulatory motor neurons (substantia nigra) in PD. The study of these common pathogenic events (oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein degradation, apoptosis and autophagy) leads us to consider common therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of these diseases. Also, examination of the genetic aspects of the pathways involved in neurodegenerative processes plays a key role in shedding light on the details of pathogenesis and can suggest new treatments. This review discusses the common molecular aspects involved in these three oxidative-stress and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Paluan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa., Italy
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Manni
- Dept. of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS-Fondazione GB Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Izzotti
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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28
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Cussell PJ, Gomez Escalada M, Milton NG, Paterson AW. The N-formyl peptide receptors: contemporary roles in neuronal function and dysfunction. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1191-1198. [PMID: 31960798 PMCID: PMC7047793 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.272566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) were first identified upon phagocytic leukocytes, but more than four decades of research has unearthed a plethora of non-myeloid roles for this receptor family. FPRs are expressed within neuronal tissues and markedly in the central nervous system, where FPR interactions with endogenous ligands have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as neurological cancers such as neuroblastoma. Whilst the homeostatic function of FPRs in the nervous system is currently undefined, a variety of novel physiological roles for this receptor family in the neuronal context have been posited in both human and animal settings. Rapid developments in recent years have implicated FPRs in the process of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation which, upon greater characterisation, could represent a novel pharmacological target for neuronal regeneration therapies that may be used in the treatment of brain/spinal cord injury, stroke and neurodegeneration. This review aims to summarize the recent progress made to determine the physiological role of FPRs in a neuronal setting, and to put forward a case for FPRs as a novel pharmacological target for conditions of the nervous system, and for their potential to open the door to novel neuronal regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J.G. Cussell
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Margarita Gomez Escalada
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Nathaniel G.N. Milton
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrew W.J. Paterson
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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29
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Olivier JF, Fodil N, Al Habyan S, Gopal A, Artusa P, Mandl JN, McCaffrey L, Gros P. CCDC88B is required for mobility and inflammatory functions of dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1787-1802. [PMID: 32480428 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0420-386r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coiled Coil Domain Containing Protein 88B (CCDC88B) gene is associated with susceptibility to several inflammatory diseases in humans and its inactivation in mice protects against acute neuroinflammation and models of intestinal colitis. We report that mice lacking functional CCDC88B (Ccdc88bMut ) are defective in several dendritic cells (DCs)-dependent inflammatory and immune reactions in vivo. In these mice, an inflammatory stimulus (LPS) fails to induce the recruitment of DCs into the draining lymph nodes (LNs). In addition, OVA-pulsed Ccdc88bMut DCs injected in the footpad do not induce recruitment and activation of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in their draining LN. Experiments in vitro indicate that this defect is independent of the ability of mutant DCs to capture and present peptide antigen to T cells. Rather, kinetic analyses in vivo of wild-type and Ccdc88bMut DCs indicate a reduced migration capacity in the absence of the CCDC88B protein expression. Moreover, using time-lapse light microscopy imaging, we show that Ccdc88bMut DCs have an intrinsic motility defect. Furthermore, in vivo studies reveal that these reduced migratory properties lead to dampened contact hypersensitivity reactions in Ccdc88b mutant mice. These findings establish a critical role of CCDC88B in regulating movement and migration of DCs. Thus, regulatory variants impacting Ccdc88b expression in myeloid cells may cause variable degrees of DC-dependent inflammatory response in situ, providing a rationale for the genetic association of CCDC88B with several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frederic Olivier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara Al Habyan
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelica Gopal
- McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricio Artusa
- McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judith N Mandl
- McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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30
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Monga S, Denora N, Laquintana V, Franco M, Marek I, Singh S, Nagler R, Weizman A, Gavish M. The protective effect of the TSPO ligands 2,4-Di-Cl-MGV-1, CB86, and CB204 against LPS-induced M1 pro-inflammatory activation of microglia. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 5:100083. [PMID: 34589858 PMCID: PMC8474401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously, that the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) synthetic ligands quinazoline derivatives (2-Cl-MGV-1 and MGV-1) can inhibit activation of in BV-2 microglial cells. In the present study we assessed the impact of novel TSPO ligands on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation as expressed by release of pro-inflammatory molecules, including cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, interferon- γ (IFN-γ)] nitric oxide (NO), CD8, and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2). The TSPO ligands 2,4-Di-Cl-MGV-1, CB86, and CB204 counteracted with the LPS-induced microglial activation. Exposure to LPS along with the TSPO ligand 2,4-Di-Cl-MGV-1 (25 μM) reduced significantly the release of NO by 24-, IL-6 by 14-, IL-β by 14-, IFN- γ by 6-, and TNF-α by 29-folds, respectively. In contrast to the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of the TSPO ligands, the effect of diclofenac sodium (DS; 25 μM) did not reach statistical significance. No alterations in IL-10 and IL-13 were detected (M2 anti-inflammatory pathway) during the inhibition of M1 pro-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheelu Monga
- Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Massimo Franco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Ilan Marek
- Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Israel
| | - Sukhdev Singh
- Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Israel
| | - Rafi Nagler
- Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Moshe Gavish
- Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel
- Corresponding author.
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31
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Fang X, Zhou X, Miao Y, Han Y, Wei J, Chen T. Therapeutic effect of GLP-1 engineered strain on mice model of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. AMB Express 2020; 10:80. [PMID: 32333225 PMCID: PMC7182653 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) characterized by progressive degeneration of the central nervous system, and few medications are available to halt the progression of AD and PD. In the present study, an engineered strain MG136-pMG36e-GLP-1 was used to evaluate its neuroprotective effect on AD and PD mice, via the probiotics effects of Lactococcus lactis MG1363 and the constantly produced Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by the engineered strain. Our results indicated that oral administration of MG136-pMG36e-GLP-1 significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory impairment and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced motor dysfunction through the toll-like receptor4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) and protein kinase B (AKT)/Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway. High-throughput sequencing results showed that MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 reduced the abundance of the pathogens Enterococcus, Proteus, and increased the abundance of the probiotics Akkermansia muciniphila. These results suggest that the engineered strain may be a new intervention for treating AD and PD by reducing the occurrence of neuroinflammation.
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Krishnan D, Menon RN, Mathuranath PS, Gopala S. A novel role for SHARPIN in amyloid-β phagocytosis and inflammation by peripheral blood-derived macrophages in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 93:131-141. [PMID: 32165044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Defective immune cell-mediated clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and Aβ-associated inflammatory activation of immune cells are key contributors in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Shank-associated RH domain-interacting protein (SHARPIN) is a critical regulator of inflammatory response. Using in vitro cultures of THP-1-derived macrophages exposed to Aβ and AD patient-derived macrophages, we demonstrate the role of SHARPIN as an obligate regulator of Aβ phagocytosis and inflammation in macrophages. Specifically, Aβ-stimulated SHARPIN in THP-1 macrophages promoted Aβ phagocytosis and expression of proinflammatory markers. In addition, Aβ-stimulated SHARPIN in macrophages promoted neuronal cell-death in differentiated SHSY5Y neurons. Furthermore, we report a novel regulatory link between SHARPIN and the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to Aβ in THP-1 macrophages. In line with our in vitro observations, a strong positive association was demonstrated between levels of Aβ42 in blood plasma of mild cognitive impairment and AD patients with SHARPIN expression in macrophages obtained from respective patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Together, our findings show SHARPIN as a critical determinant in mediating macrophage response to Aβ and pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Ramsekhar N Menon
- Department of Neurology, Cognition & Behavioural Neurology Section, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | | | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
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Mairuae N, Cheepsunthorn P, Buranrat B. Antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production of rang chuet (Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl.) leaf extracts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_44_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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34
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Early Diagnosis and Targeted Treatment Strategy for Improved Therapeutic Outcomes in Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1260:175-191. [PMID: 32304035 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There have been repeated failures of clinical studies in the development of new efficacious treatments for Alzheimer's disease. This may be due to the fact that Alzheimer's disease is a heterogeneous disorder caused by person-to-person differences in genetic background, epigenetic profiles, environmental triggers, or the presence of other diseases. Furthermore, most Alzheimer's disease patients are diagnosed in the middle to late stages of the illness, when irreversible damage to the brain has already occurred. With this in mind, a strategy is presented involving identification and implementation of biomarker tests for diagnosis during the prodromal or early stages of the disease. In addition, it is proposed that targeting specific components of the amyloid deposition, tau oligomerization and neuroinflammation pathways may lead to improved outcomes in clinical studies.
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35
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Im JH, Yeo IJ, Park PH, Choi DY, Han SB, Yun J, Hong JT. Deletion of Chitinase-3-like 1 accelerates stroke development through enhancement of Neuroinflammation by STAT6-dependent M2 microglial inactivation in Chitinase-3-like 1 knockout mice. Exp Neurol 2020; 323:113082. [PMID: 31669069 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3L1) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We investigated the effect of Chi3L1 knockout on stroke development. Ischemia/reperfusion was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Chi3L1 knockout and wildtype mice. Significantly increased infarct volume and decreased neurological deficit scores at 24 h after ischemia/reperfusion were found in Chi3L1 knockout mice compared to wildtype mice. Moreover, ischemic neuronal cell death was increased in Chi3L1 knockout mice through increased oxidative stress and release of IL-6 and IL-1β but IL-10 and IL-4 were reduced. Furthermore, expression of inflammation-related proteins (iNOS, COX-2, Iba-1, and GFAP) was significantly increased in Chi3L1 knockout mice compared to wildtype. In microglia isolated from MCAO-injured Chi3L1 knockout mice, expression of M1 markers (iNOS, CD86, IL-1β, and IL-6) was increased and M2 markers (Arg1, Mrc1, IL-10, and IL-4Ra) was decreased. In BV-2 cells, knockdown of Chi3L1 increased TNF-α- and INF-γ-induced expression of iNOS, COX-2, and Iba-1, but decreased the expression of Arg1, MRC1, and IL-4 receptor-alpha (IL-4Rα). Expression of IL-4Rα, an important factor of M2 polarization, and its downstream signals p-JAK1, p-JAK3, and p-STAT6, was much reduced in the knockout mice. Additionally, in BV-2 cells, knockdown of Chi3L1 by siRNA Chi3L1 decreased rhTNF-α- and INF-γ-induced expression of IL-4Rα, p-JAK1, p-JAK3, and p-STAT6. Furthermore, treatment with AS1517499 abolished Chi3L1 knockdown-induced reduced IL-4Rα and Arg1 but not CD86 expression. Our results indicate that deletion of Chi3L1 accelerates stroke development through enhancement of neuroinflammation by markedly decreasing STAT6-dependent M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyung Im
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-21, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-21, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-21, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-21, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-21, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Y, Qi J, Luo J, Qin W, Luo Q, Zhang Q, Wu D, Lin D, Li S, Dong H, Chen D, Chen H. Okra in Food Field: Nutritional Value, Health Benefits and Effects of Processing Methods on Quality. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1695833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Qi
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Junyun Luo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingying Luo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Dingtao Wu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Derong Lin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Suqing Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
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Kawano M, Takagi R, Saika K, Matsui M, Matsushita S. Dopamine regulates cytokine secretion during innate and adaptive immune responses. Int Immunol 2019; 30:591-606. [PMID: 30165447 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is synthesized by various immune cells. DA receptors (DARs), which comprise five isoforms, are expressed on the surface of these cells. Therefore, it is likely that DA plays a role in regulating innate and adaptive responses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) is largely unknown. Here, we found that, during innate immune responses, DA suppressed secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β, but promoted secretion of IL-10 and CXCL1 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse splenocytes, suggesting that DA regulates cytokine secretion. Immune subset studies indicated that DA suppressed secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β by NK cells, as well as secretion of TNF-α by neutrophils and monocytes; however, DA up-regulated IL-10 secretion by neutrophils, monocytes, B cells, macrophages (Mφs) and dendritic cells within the splenocyte population. In addition, DA up-regulated secretion of CXCL1 by LPS-stimulated NK cells and Mφs. Meanwhile, treatment with DAR agonists or antagonists suppressed secretion of inflammatory cytokines from LPS-stimulated splenocytes. Pre-treatment of LPS-stimulated splenocytes with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin reversed DA-mediated suppression of IFN-γ secretion, indicating that DA regulates IFN-γ secretion via the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling pathway in these cells. Administration of DA and LPS to mice immunized with chicken ovalbumin (OVA) increased secretion of IL-5 by mouse lung lymphocytes, suggesting that DA promotes OVA-specific Th2-mediated immune responses by these cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that DA regulates cytokine secretion during innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kawano
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rie Takagi
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kikue Saika
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsui
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sho Matsushita
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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38
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Song S, Luo L, Sun B, Sun D. Roles of glial ion transporters in brain diseases. Glia 2019; 68:472-494. [PMID: 31418931 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glial ion transporters are important in regulation of ionic homeostasis, cell volume, and cellular signal transduction under physiological conditions of the central nervous system (CNS). In response to acute or chronic brain injuries, these ion transporters can be activated and differentially regulate glial functions, which has subsequent impact on brain injury or tissue repair and functional recovery. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about major glial ion transporters, including Na+ /H+ exchangers (NHE), Na+ /Ca2+ exchangers (NCX), Na+ -K+ -Cl- cotransporters (NKCC), and Na+ -HCO3 - cotransporters (NBC). In acute neurological diseases, such as ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI), these ion transporters are rapidly activated and play significant roles in regulation of the intra- and extracellular pH, Na+ , K+ , and Ca2+ homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, and myelin formation. However, overstimulation of these ion transporters can contribute to glial apoptosis, demyelination, inflammation, and excitotoxicity. In chronic brain diseases, such as glioma, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), glial ion transporters are involved in the glioma Warburg effect, glial activation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damages. These findings suggest that glial ion transporters are involved in tissue structural and functional restoration, or brain injury and neurological disease development and progression. A better understanding of these ion transporters in acute and chronic neurological diseases will provide insights for their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Song
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lanxin Luo
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baoshan Sun
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Pólo Dois Portos, Instituto National de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Du T, Wu Z, Luo H, Lu S, Ma K. Injection of α-syn-98 Aggregates Into the Brain Triggers α-Synuclein Pathology and an Inflammatory Response. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:189. [PMID: 31447645 PMCID: PMC6691047 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is a major component of Lewy bodies (LB), which play a central role in pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Differential expression of α-syn isoforms has been shown in PD. Isoform α-syn-98 is generated by excision of exon-3 and exon-5 of the α-syn gene. In contrast to the canonical full-length α-syn isoform (α-syn140), little is known about the function of the α-syn-98 isoform. In the present study, to identify the potential role of α-syn-98 protein in PD, we examined the effects of exogenous recombinant insoluble α-syn-98 aggregates on α-syn pathology and inflammatory responses in the midbrain. After injection of α-syn-98 aggregates into the substantia nigra (SN), mice exhibited motor dysfunction accompanied by nigral dopaminergic neuron loss. In addition, α-syn-98 aggregates injection resulted in a significant increase in phosphorylation of endogenous α-syn. Accumulations of α-syn were co-localized with p62 and ubiquitin, which suggests α-syn-98 aggregates-induced pathology exhibits properties similar to human LB. Many glial cells were activated after α-syn-98 aggregates injection. In addition, expression of NF-κB, interleukin 6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and levels of oxidative stress increased after α-syn-98 aggregates injection. Our results suggest that α-syn-98 may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfu Du
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China.,Medical Primate Research Center & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengcun Wu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Haiyu Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Shuaiyao Lu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Kaili Ma
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China.,Medical Primate Research Center & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
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40
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Perets N, Betzer O, Shapira R, Brenstein S, Angel A, Sadan T, Ashery U, Popovtzer R, Offen D. Golden Exosomes Selectively Target Brain Pathologies in Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3422-3431. [PMID: 30761901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, nanovesicles that are secreted by different cell types, enable intercellular communication at local or distant sites. Alhough they have been found to cross the blood brain barrier, their migration and homing abilities within the brain remain unstudied. We have recently developed a method for longitudinal and quantitative in vivo neuroimaging of exosomes based on the superior visualization abilities of classical X-ray computed tomography (CT), combined with gold nanoparticles as labeling agents. Here, we used this technique to track the migration and homing patterns of intranasally administrated exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exo) in different brain pathologies, including stroke, autism, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. We found that MSC-exo specifically targeted and accumulated in pathologically relevant murine models brains regions up to 96 h post administration, while in healthy controls they showed a diffuse migration pattern and clearance by 24 h. The neuro-inflammatory signal in pathological brains was highly correlated with MSC-exo accumulation, suggesting that the homing mechanism is inflammatory-driven. In addition, MSC-exo were selectively uptaken by neuronal cells, but not glial cells, in the pathological regions. Taken together, these findings can significantly promote the application of exosomes for therapy and targeted drug delivery in various brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisim Perets
- Sagol School of Neuroscience , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
- Sacklar School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Oshra Betzer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan 5290002 , Israel
| | - Ronit Shapira
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Life Sciences Faculty , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Shmuel Brenstein
- Sagol School of Neuroscience , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Ariel Angel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Tamar Sadan
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan 5290002 , Israel
| | - Uri Ashery
- Sagol School of Neuroscience , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Life Sciences Faculty , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan 5290002 , Israel
| | - Daniel Offen
- Sagol School of Neuroscience , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
- Sacklar School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801 , Israel
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Shahidani S, Rajaei Z, Alaei H. Pretreatment with crocin along with treadmill exercise ameliorates motor and memory deficits in hemiparkinsonian rats by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:459-468. [PMID: 30652256 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are preceded by non-motorized symptoms including memory deficits. Treatment with dopamine replacement medications, such as L-DOPA only control motor symptoms and does not meet the clinical challenges of the disease, such as dyskinesia, non-motor symptoms, and neuroprotection. The purpose of the current study was to examine the neuroprotective potential of crocin and physical exercise in an animal model of PD. Male Wistar rats ran on a horizontal treadmill and/or pretreated with crocin at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Then, 16 μg of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was microinjected into left medial forebrain bundle. Crocin treatment and/or exercise continued for 6 more weeks. Spatial and aversive memories, rotational behaviour, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were assessed at the end of week 6 post surgery. The results showed that pretreatment with crocin alone and in combination with exercise decreased the total number of rotaions as compared with 6-OHDA-lesioned group. Furthermore, treatment of parkinsonian rats with crocin along with exercise training improved aversive and spatial memories. Biochemical analysis showed that crocin and exercise (alone and in combination) reduced tumor necrosis factor- (TNF) α levels in the striatum. Moreover, treatment with crocin at a dose of 100 mg/kg decreased the lipid peroxidation levels in the hippocampus, while exercise training increased the total thiol concentration. In conclusion, our findings indicated that pretreatment with crocin along with treadmill exercise ameliorated motor and memory deficits induced by 6-OHDA, which is considered to be due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The results suggest that combined therapy with crocin and exercise may be protective for motor and memory deficits in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Shahidani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Rajaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hojjatallah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Campolo M, Paterniti I, Siracusa R, Filippone A, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S. TLR4 absence reduces neuroinflammation and inflammasome activation in Parkinson's diseases in vivo model. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 76:236-247. [PMID: 30550933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, disabling neurodegenerative disorder. It has been shown Toll like receptor (TLR) 4-deficient mice protect against MPTP toxicity, suggesting that dopaminergic cell death is TLR4-dependent. The aim of this study was to demonstrate, in an in vivo model of PD, how TLR4 plays its important role in the pathogenesis of PD by using MPTP neurotoxin model (4 × 20 mg/kg, 2 h apart, i.p). Our experiments have demonstrated that the absence of TLR4 prevented dopamine depletion, increased tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter activities and reduced the number of α-synuclein-positive neurons. The absence of TLR4 also had an impact on inflammatory processes, modulating the transcription factors NF-κB p65 and AP-1, and reducing astrogliosis. Importantly, we demonstrated that the absence of TLR4 modulated inflammosome pathway. Moreover, it has been shown that TLR4 modulated motor and non-motor symptoms typical of PD. Our results clearly demonstrated that absence of TLR4 reduces the development of neuroinflammation associated with PD through NF-κB, AP-1 and inflammasome pathways modulation; therefore, TLR4 could be considered as an encouraging therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA.
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43
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Wang S, Yuan YH, Chen NH, Wang HB. The mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis activation and their role in Parkinson's disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 67:458-464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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44
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Toledo Nunes P, Vedder LC, Deak T, Savage LM. A Pivotal Role for Thiamine Deficiency in the Expression of Neuroinflammation Markers in Models of Alcohol-Related Brain Damage. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:425-438. [PMID: 30589435 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) is associated with neurotoxic effects of heavy alcohol use and nutritional deficiency, in particular thiamine deficiency (TD), both of which induce inflammatory responses in brain. Although neuroinflammation is a critical factor in the induction of ARBD, few studies have addressed the specific contribution(s) of ethanol (EtOH) versus TD. METHODS Adult rats were randomly divided into 6 conditions: chronic EtOH treatment (CET) where rats consumed a 20% v/v solution of EtOH for 6 months; CET with injections of thiamine (CET + T); severe pyrithiamine-induced TD (PTD); moderate PTD; moderate PTD during CET; and pair-fed controls. After the treatments, the rats were split into 3 recovery phase time points: the last day of treatment (time point 1), acute recovery (time point 2: 24 hours posttreatment), and delayed recovery (time point 3: 3 weeks posttreatment). At these time points, vulnerable brain regions (thalamus, hippocampus, frontal cortex) were collected and changes in neuroimmune markers were assessed using a combination of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and protein analysis. RESULTS CET led to minor fluctuations in neuroimmune genes, regardless of the structure being examined. In contrast, PTD treatment led to a profound increase in neuroimmune genes and proteins within the thalamus. Cytokine changes in the thalamus ranged in magnitude from moderate (3-fold and 4-fold increase in interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and IκBα) to severe (8-fold and 26-fold increase in tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6, respectively). Though a similar pattern was observed in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, overall fold increases were moderate relative to the thalamus. Importantly, neuroimmune gene induction varied significantly as a function of severity of TD, and most genes displayed a gradual recovery across time. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest an overt brain inflammatory response by TD and a subtle change by CET alone. Also, the prominent role of TD in the immune-related signaling pathways leads to unique regional and temporal profiles of induction of neuroimmune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polliana Toledo Nunes
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program (PTN, LCV, TD, LMS), Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
| | - Lindsey C Vedder
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program (PTN, LCV, TD, LMS), Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
| | - Terrence Deak
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program (PTN, LCV, TD, LMS), Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
| | - Lisa M Savage
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program (PTN, LCV, TD, LMS), Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
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Kim J, Pajarillo E, Rizor A, Son DS, Lee J, Aschner M, Lee E. LRRK2 kinase plays a critical role in manganese-induced inflammation and apoptosis in microglia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210248. [PMID: 30645642 PMCID: PMC6333340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to elevated levels of manganese (Mn) causes manganism, a neurodegenerative disorder with Parkinson's disease (PD)-like symptoms. Increasing evidence suggests that leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), which is highly expressed in microglia and macrophages, contributes to the inflammation and neurotoxicity seen in autosomal dominant and sporadic PD. As gene-environment interactions have emerged as important modulators of PD-associated toxicity, LRRK2 may also mediate Mn-induced inflammation and pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of LRRK2 in Mn-induced toxicity using human microglial cells (HMC3), LRRK2-wild-type (WT) and LRRK2-knockout (KO) RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Results showed that Mn activated LRRK2 kinase by phosphorylation of its serine residue at the 1292 position (S1292) as a marker of its kinase activity in macrophage and microglia, while inhibition with GSK2578215A (GSK) and MLi-2 abolished Mn-induced LRRK2 activation. LRRK2 deletion and its pharmacological inhibition attenuated Mn-induced apoptosis in macrophages and microglia, along with concomitant decreases in the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) protein. LRRK2 deletion also attenuated Mn-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Mn-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 and ERK signaling proteins was significantly attenuated in LRRK2 KO cells and GSK-treated cells. Moreover, inhibition of MAPK p38 and ERK as well as LRRK2 attenuated Mn-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that LRRK2 kinase activity plays a critical role in Mn-induced toxicity via downstream activation of MAPK signaling in macrophage and microglia. Collectively, these results suggest that LRRK2 could be a potential molecular target for developing therapeutics to treat Mn-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judong Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Asha Rizor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jayden Lee
- Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
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Neuroinflammation, Microglia, and Cell-Association during Prion Disease. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010065. [PMID: 30650564 PMCID: PMC6356204 DOI: 10.3390/v11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion disorders are transmissible diseases caused by a proteinaceous infectious agent that can infect the lymphatic and nervous systems. The clinical features of prion diseases can vary, but common hallmarks in the central nervous system (CNS) are deposition of abnormally folded protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres or PrPSc), astrogliosis, microgliosis, and neurodegeneration. Numerous proinflammatory effectors expressed by astrocytes and microglia are increased in the brain during prion infection, with many of them potentially damaging to neurons when chronically upregulated. Microglia are important first responders to foreign agents and damaged cells in the CNS, but these immune-like cells also serve many essential functions in the healthy CNS. Our current understanding is that microglia are beneficial during prion infection and critical to host defense against prion disease. Studies indicate that reduction of the microglial population accelerates disease and increases PrPSc burden in the CNS. Thus, microglia are unlikely to be a foci of prion propagation in the brain. In contrast, neurons and astrocytes are known to be involved in prion replication and spread. Moreover, certain astrocytes, such as A1 reactive astrocytes, have proven neurotoxic in other neurodegenerative diseases, and thus might also influence the progression of prion-associated neurodegeneration.
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Butnaru D, Chapman J. The impact of self-replicating proteins on inflammation, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration-An untraveled path. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:231-240. [PMID: 30639644 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) in neurodegenerative diseases is a battlefield in which microglia fight a highly atypical battle. During the inflammatory process microglia themselves become dysfunctional and even with all the available immune arsenal including cytokine or/and antibody production, the battle is eventually lost. A closer look into the picture will reveal the fact that this is mainly due to the atypical characteristics of the infectious agent. The supramolecular assemblies of misfolded proteins carry unique features not encountered in any of the common pathogens. Through misfolding, proteins undergo conformational changes which make them become immunogenic, neurotoxic and highly infective. The immunogenicity appears to be triggered by the exposure of previously hidden hydrophobic portions in proteins which act as damage-associated molecular patters (DAMPs) for the immune system. The neurotoxicity and infectivity are promoted by the small oligomeric forms of misfolded proteins/peptides. Oligomers adopt conformations such as tubular-like, beta-barrel-like, etc., that penetrate cell membranes through their hydrophobic surfaces, thus destabilizing ionic homeostasis. At the same time, oligomers act as a seed for protein misfolding through a prion/prion-like mechanism. Here, we propose the hypothesis that oligomers have catalytic surfaces and exercise their capacity to infect native proteins through specific characteristics such as hydrophobic, electrostatic and π-π stacking interactions as well as the specific surface area (SSA), surface curvature and surface chemistry of their nanoscale supramolecular assemblies. All these are the key elements for prion/prion-like mechanism of self-replication and disease spreading within the CNS. Thus, understanding the mechanism of prion's templating activity may help us in the prevention and development of novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Butnaru
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Joab Chapman
- Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Nanodelivery of cerebrolysin reduces pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:201-246. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Epidemiological Evidence of the Relationship Between Diabetes and Dementia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1128:13-25. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3540-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nolan RA, Muir R, Runner K, Haddad EK, Gaskill PJ. Role of Macrophage Dopamine Receptors in Mediating Cytokine Production: Implications for Neuroinflammation in the Context of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 14:134-156. [PMID: 30519866 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), around 50% of HIV-infected individuals still display a variety of neuropathological and neurocognitive sequelae known as NeuroHIV. Current research suggests these effects are mediated by long-term changes in CNS function in response to chronic infection and inflammation, and not solely due to active viral replication. In the post-cART era, drug abuse is a major risk-factor for the development of NeuroHIV, and increases extracellular dopamine in the CNS. Our lab has previously shown that dopamine can increase HIV infection of primary human macrophages and increase the production of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that elevated dopamine could enhance the development of HIV-associated neuropathology. However, the precise mechanism(s) by which elevated dopamine could exacerbate NeuroHIV, particularly in chronically-infected, virally suppressed individuals remain unclear. To determine the connection between dopaminergic alterations and HIV-associated neuroinflammation, we have examined the impact of dopamine exposure on macrophages from healthy and virally suppressed, chronically infected HIV patients. Our data show that dopamine treatment of human macrophages isolated from healthy and cART-treated donors promotes production of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, CCL2, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10. Furthermore, in healthy individuals, dopamine-mediated modulation of specific cytokines is correlated with macrophage expression of dopamine-receptor transcripts, particularly DRD5, the most highly-expressed dopamine-receptor subtype. Overall, these data will provide more understanding of the role of dopamine in the development of NeuroHIV, and may suggest new molecules or pathways that can be useful as therapeutic targets during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Nolan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - R Muir
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - K Runner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - E K Haddad
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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