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Wang L, Park L, Wu W, King D, Vega-Medina A, Raven F, Martinez J, Ensing A, McDonald K, Yang Z, Jiang S, Aton SJ. Sleep-dependent engram reactivation during hippocampal memory consolidation associated with subregion-specific biosynthetic changes. iScience 2024; 27:109408. [PMID: 38523798 PMCID: PMC10957462 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-learning sleep is essential for hippocampal memory processing, including contextual fear memory consolidation. We labeled context-encoding engram neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and assessed reactivation of these neurons after fear learning. Post-learning sleep deprivation (SD) selectively disrupted reactivation of inferior blade DG engram neurons, linked to SD-induced suppression of neuronal activity in the inferior, but not superior DG blade. Subregion-specific spatial profiling of transcripts revealed that transcriptomic responses to SD differed greatly between hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG inferior blade, superior blade, and hilus. Activity-driven transcripts, and those associated with cytoskeletal remodeling, were selectively suppressed in the inferior blade. Critically, learning-driven transcriptomic changes differed dramatically between the DG blades and were absent from all other regions. Together, these data suggest that the DG is critical for sleep-dependent memory consolidation, and that the effects of sleep loss on the hippocampus are highly subregion-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lauren Park
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Weisheng Wu
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana King
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexis Vega-Medina
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frank Raven
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jessy Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Amy Ensing
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katherine McDonald
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhongying Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara J. Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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2
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Park EH, Jo YS, Kim EJ, Park EH, Lee KJ, Rhyu IJ, Kim HT, Choi JS. Heterogenous effect of early adulthood stress on cognitive aging and synaptic function in the dentate gyrus. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1344141. [PMID: 38638601 PMCID: PMC11024304 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1344141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive aging widely varies among individuals due to different stress experiences throughout the lifespan and vulnerability of neurocognitive mechanisms. To understand the heterogeneity of cognitive aging, we investigated the effect of early adulthood stress (EAS) on three different hippocampus-dependent memory tasks: the novel object recognition test (assessing recognition memory: RM), the paired association test (assessing episodic-like memory: EM), and trace fear conditioning (assessing trace memory: TM). Two-month-old rats were exposed to chronic mild stress for 6 weeks and underwent behavioral testing either 2 weeks or 20 months later. The results show that stress and aging impaired different types of memory tasks to varying degrees. RM is affected by combined effect of stress and aging. EM became less precise in EAS animals. TM, especially the contextual memory, showed impairment in aging although EAS attenuated the aging effect, perhaps due to its engagement in emotional memory systems. To further explore the neural underpinnings of these multi-faceted effects, we measured long-term potentiation (LTP), neural density, and synaptic density in the dentate gyrus (DG). Both stress and aging reduced LTP. Additionally, the synaptic density per neuron showed a further reduction in the stress aged group. In summary, EAS modulates different forms of memory functions perhaps due to their substantial or partial dependence on the functional integrity of the hippocampus. The current results suggest that lasting alterations in hippocampal circuits following EAS could potentially generate remote effects on individual variability in cognitive aging, as demonstrated by performance in multiple types of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Park
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yong Sang Jo
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Eui Ho Park
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Taek Kim
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Seek Choi
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Santiago RMM, Lopes-Dos-Santos V, Aery Jones EA, Huang Y, Dupret D, Tort ABL. Waveform-based classification of dentate spikes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2989. [PMID: 38316828 PMCID: PMC10844627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Synchronous excitatory discharges from the entorhinal cortex (EC) to the dentate gyrus (DG) generate fast and prominent patterns in the hilar local field potential (LFP), called dentate spikes (DSs). As sharp-wave ripples in CA1, DSs are more likely to occur in quiet behavioral states, when memory consolidation is thought to take place. However, their functions in mnemonic processes are yet to be elucidated. The classification of DSs into types 1 or 2 is determined by their origin in the lateral or medial EC, as revealed by current source density (CSD) analysis, which requires recordings from linear probes with multiple electrodes spanning the DG layers. To allow the investigation of the functional role of each DS type in recordings obtained from single electrodes and tetrodes, which are abundant in the field, we developed an unsupervised method using Gaussian mixture models to classify such events based on their waveforms. Our classification approach achieved high accuracies (> 80%) when validated in 8 mice with DG laminar profiles. The average CSDs, waveforms, rates, and widths of the DS types obtained through our method closely resembled those derived from the CSD-based classification. As an example of application, we used the technique to analyze single-electrode LFPs from apolipoprotein (apo) E3 and apoE4 knock-in mice. We observed that the latter group, which is a model for Alzheimer's disease, exhibited wider DSs of both types from a young age, with a larger effect size for DS type 2, likely reflecting early pathophysiological alterations in the EC-DG network, such as hyperactivity. In addition to the applicability of the method in expanding the study of DS types, our results show that their waveforms carry information about their origins, suggesting different underlying network dynamics and roles in memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M M Santiago
- Computational Neurophysiology Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-900, Brazil.
| | - Vítor Lopes-Dos-Santos
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emily A Aery Jones
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adriano B L Tort
- Computational Neurophysiology Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-900, Brazil
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Graïc JM, Grandis A, Sacchini S, Tagliavia C, Salamanca G, Cozzi B, Bombardi C. Distribution of calcium-binding proteins immunoreactivity in the bottlenose dolphin entorhinal cortex. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1321025. [PMID: 38379680 PMCID: PMC10875065 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1321025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The entorhinal cortex has been shown to be involved in high-level cognitive functions in terrestrial mammals. It can be divided into two main areas: the lateral entorhinal area (LEA) and the medial entorhinal area (MEA). Understanding of its structural organization in cetaceans is particularly important given the extensive evidence for their cognitive abilities. The present study describes the cytoarchitectural and immunohistochemical properties of the entorhinal cortex of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu, 1821), perhaps the most studied cetacean species and a paradigm for dolphins and other small cetaceans. Methods Four bottlenose dolphins' entorhinal cortices were processed. To obtain a precise overview of the organization of the entorhinal cortex we used thionin staining to study its laminar and regional organization, and immunoperoxidase technique to investigate the immunohistochemical distribution of three most commonly used calcium-binding proteins (CBPs), calbindin D-28k (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV). Entorhinal cortex layers thickness were measured, morphological and morphometric analysis for each layer were conducted and statistically compared. Results Six layers in both the LEA and MEA were identified. The main difference between the LEA and the MEA is observed in layers II and III: the neurons in layer II of the LEA were denser and larger than the neurons in layer II of MEA. In addition, a relatively cell-free zone between layers II and III in LEA, but not in MEA, was observed. The immunohistochemical distribution of the three CBPs, CB, CR and PV were distinct in each layer. The immunostaining pattern of CR, on one side, and CB/PV, on the other side, appeared to be distributed in a complementary manner. PV and CB immunostaining was particularly evident in layers II and III, whereas CR immunoreactive neurons were distributed throughout all layers, especially in layers V and VI. Immunoreactivity was expressed by neurons belonging to different morphological classes: All CBPs were expressed in non-pyramidal neurons, but CB and CR were also found in pyramidal neurons. Discussion The morphological characteristics of pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons in the dolphin entorhinal cortex are similar to those described in the entorhinal cortex of other species, including primates and rodents. Interestingly, in primates, rodents, and dolphins, most of the CBP-containing neurons are found in the superficial layers, but the large CR-ir neurons are also abundant in the deep layers. Layers II and III of the entorhinal cortex contain neurons that give rise to the perforant pathway, which conveys most of the cortical information to the hippocampal formation. From the hippocampal formation, reciprocal projections are directed back to the deep layer of the entorhinal cortex, which distributes the information to the neocortex and subcortical area. Our data reveal that in the dolphin entorhinal cortex, the three major CBPs label morphologically heterogeneous groups of neurons that may be involved in the information flow between entorhinal input and output pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Graïc
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Grandis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Sacchini
- Department of Morphology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Claudio Tagliavia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giulia Salamanca
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruno Cozzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Astillero‐Lopez V, Villar‐Conde S, Gonzalez‐Rodriguez M, Flores‐Cuadrado A, Ubeda‐Banon I, Saiz‐Sanchez D, Martinez‐Marcos A. Proteomic analysis identifies HSP90AA1, PTK2B, and ANXA2 in the human entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease: Potential role in synaptic homeostasis and Aβ pathology through microglial and astroglial cells. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13235. [PMID: 38247340 PMCID: PMC11189773 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, is clinically characterized by cognitive deficits. Neuropathologically, AD brains accumulate deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins. Furthermore, these misfolded proteins can propagate from cell to cell in a prion-like manner and induce native proteins to become pathological. The entorhinal cortex (EC) is among the earliest areas affected by tau accumulation along with volume reduction and neurodegeneration. Neuron-glia interactions have recently come into focus; however, the role of microglia and astroglia in the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. Proteomic approaches allow the determination of changes in the proteome to better understand the pathology underlying AD. Bioinformatic analysis of proteomic data was performed to compare ECs from AD and non-AD human brain tissue. To validate the proteomic results, western blot, immunofluorescence, and confocal studies were carried out. The findings revealed that the most disturbed signaling pathway was synaptogenesis. Because of their involvement in synapse function, relationship with Aβ and tau proteins and interactions in the pathway analysis, three proteins were selected for in-depth study: HSP90AA1, PTK2B, and ANXA2. All these proteins showed colocalization with neurons and/or astroglia and microglia and with pathological Aβ and tau proteins. In particular, ANXA2, which is overexpressed in AD, colocalized with amoeboid microglial cells and Aβ plaques surrounded by astrocytes. Taken together, the evidence suggests that unbalanced expression of HSP90AA1, PTK2B, and ANXA2 may play a significant role in synaptic homeostasis and Aβ pathology through microglial and astroglial cells in the human EC in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Astillero‐Lopez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
| | - Sandra Villar‐Conde
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
| | - Melania Gonzalez‐Rodriguez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
| | - Alicia Flores‐Cuadrado
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
| | - Isabel Ubeda‐Banon
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
| | - Daniel Saiz‐Sanchez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
| | - Alino Martinez‐Marcos
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical SchoolUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla‐La Mancha (IDISCAM)Castilla‐La ManchaSpain
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6
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Tuncdemir SN, Grosmark AD, Chung H, Luna VM, Lacefield CO, Losonczy A, Hen R. Adult-born granule cells facilitate remapping of spatial and non-spatial representations in the dentate gyrus. Neuron 2023; 111:4024-4039.e7. [PMID: 37820723 PMCID: PMC10841867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Adult-born granule cells (abGCs) have been implicated in memory discrimination through a neural computation known as pattern separation. Here, using in vivo Ca2+ imaging, we examined how chronic ablation or acute chemogenetic silencing of abGCs affects the activity of mature granule cells (mGCs). In both cases, we observed altered remapping of mGCs. Rather than broadly modulating the activity of all mGCs, abGCs promote the remapping of place cells' firing fields while increasing rate remapping of mGCs that represent sensory cues. In turn, these remapping deficits are associated with behavioral impairments in animals' ability to correctly identify new goal locations. Thus, abGCs facilitate pattern separation through the formation of non-overlapping representations for identical sensory cues encountered in different locations. In the absence of abGCs, the dentate gyrus shifts to a state that is dominated by cue information, a situation that is consistent with the overgeneralization often observed in anxiety or age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem N Tuncdemir
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andres D Grosmark
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hannah Chung
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Victor M Luna
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Clay O Lacefield
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rene Hen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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7
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Santiago RM, Lopes-dos-Santos V, Jones EAA, Huang Y, Dupret D, Tort AB. Waveform-based classification of dentate spikes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.24.563826. [PMID: 37961150 PMCID: PMC10634814 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Synchronous excitatory discharges from the entorhinal cortex (EC) to the dentate gyrus (DG) generate fast and prominent patterns in the hilar local field potential (LFP), called dentate spikes (DSs). As sharp-wave ripples in CA1, DSs are more likely to occur in quiet behavioral states, when memory consolidation is thought to take place. However, their functions in mnemonic processes are yet to be elucidated. The classification of DSs into types 1 or 2 is determined by their origin in the lateral or medial EC, as revealed by current source density (CSD) analysis, which requires recordings from linear probes with multiple electrodes spanning the DG layers. To allow the investigation of the functional role of each DS type in recordings obtained from single electrodes and tetrodes, which are abundant in the field, we developed an unsupervised method using Gaussian mixture models to classify such events based on their waveforms. Our classification approach achieved high accuracies (> 80%) when validated in 8 mice with DG laminar profiles. The average CSDs, waveforms, rates, and widths of the DS types obtained through our method closely resembled those derived from the CSD-based classification. As an example of application, we used the technique to analyze single-electrode LFPs from apolipoprotein (apo) E3 and apoE4 knock-in mice. We observed that the latter group, which is a model for Alzheimer's disease, exhibited wider DSs of both types from a young age, with a larger effect size for DS type 2, likely reflecting early pathophysiological alterations in the EC-DG network, such as hyperactivity. In addition to the applicability of the method in expanding the study of DS types, our results show that their waveforms carry information about their origins, suggesting different underlying network dynamics and roles in memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M.M. Santiago
- Computational Neurophysiology Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Vítor Lopes-dos-Santos
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emily A. Aery Jones
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adriano B.L. Tort
- Computational Neurophysiology Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-900, Brazil
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8
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Aumont E, Bussy A, Bedard MA, Bezgin G, Therriault J, Savard M, Fernandez Arias J, Sziklas V, Vitali P, Poltronetti NM, Pallen V, Thomas E, Gauthier S, Kobayashi E, Rahmouni N, Stevenson J, Tissot C, Chakravarty MM, Rosa-Neto P. Hippocampal subfield associations with memory depend on stimulus modality and retrieval mode. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad309. [PMID: 38035364 PMCID: PMC10681971 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal atrophy is a well-known feature of age-related memory decline, and hippocampal subfields may contribute differently to this decline. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the associations between hippocampal subfield volumes and performance in free recall and recognition memory tasks in both verbal and visual modalities in older adults without dementia. We collected MRIs from 97 (41 males) right-handed participants aged over 60. We segmented the right and left hippocampi into (i) dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis 4 (DG/CA4); (ii) CA2 and CA3 (CA2/CA3); (iii) CA1; (iv) strata radiatum, lacunosum and moleculare; and (v) subiculum. Memory was assessed with verbal free recall and recognition tasks, as well as visual free recall and recognition tasks. Amyloid-β and hippocampal tau positivity were assessed using [18F]AZD4694 and [18F]MK6240 PET tracers, respectively. The verbal free recall and verbal recognition performances were positively associated with CA1 and strata radiatum, lacunosum and moleculare volumes. The verbal free recall and visual free recall were positively correlated with the right DG/CA4. The visual free recall, but not verbal free recall, was also associated with the right CA2/CA3. The visual recognition was not significantly associated with any subfield volume. Hippocampal tau positivity, but not amyloid-β positivity, was associated with reduced DG/CA4, CA2/CA3 and strata radiatum, lacunosum and moleculare volumes. Our results suggest that memory performances are linked to specific subfields. CA1 appears to contribute to the verbal modality, irrespective of the free recall or recognition mode of retrieval. In contrast, DG/CA4 seems to be involved in the free recall mode, irrespective of verbal or visual modalities. These results are concordant with the view that DG/CA4 plays a primary role in encoding a stimulus' distinctive attributes, and that CA2/CA3 could be instrumental in recollecting a visual memory from one of its fragments. Overall, we show that hippocampal subfield segmentation can be useful for detecting early volume changes and improve our understanding of the hippocampal subfields' roles in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Aumont
- NeuroQAM Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal H2X 3P2, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Aurélie Bussy
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Research Center, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Computational Brain Anatomy (CoBrALab) Laboratory, Montreal, QC H4H 1R2, Canada
| | - Marc-André Bedard
- NeuroQAM Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal H2X 3P2, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Gleb Bezgin
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Joseph Therriault
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Melissa Savard
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Jaime Fernandez Arias
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Viviane Sziklas
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Paolo Vitali
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | | | - Vanessa Pallen
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Emilie Thomas
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Eliane Kobayashi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Nesrine Rahmouni
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Jenna Stevenson
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Cecile Tissot
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Mallar M Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Research Center, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Computational Brain Anatomy (CoBrALab) Laboratory, Montreal, QC H4H 1R2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- NeuroQAM Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal H2X 3P2, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
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9
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Chen YN, Kostka JK, Bitzenhofer SH, Hanganu-Opatz IL. Olfactory bulb activity shapes the development of entorhinal-hippocampal coupling and associated cognitive abilities. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4353-4366.e5. [PMID: 37729915 PMCID: PMC10617757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between olfaction and higher cognitive processing has been documented in the adult brain; however, its development is poorly understood. In mice, shortly after birth, endogenous and stimulus-evoked activity in the olfactory bulb (OB) boosts the oscillatory entrainment of downstream lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) and hippocampus (HP). However, it is unclear whether early OB activity has a long-lasting impact on entorhinal-hippocampal function and cognitive processing. Here, we chemogenetically silenced the synaptic outputs of mitral/tufted cells, the main projection neurons in the OB, during postnatal days 8-10. The transient manipulation leads to a long-lasting reduction of oscillatory coupling and weaker responsiveness to stimuli within developing entorhinal-hippocampal circuits accompanied by dendritic sparsification of LEC pyramidal neurons. Moreover, the transient silencing reduces the performance in behavioral tests involving entorhinal-hippocampal circuits later in life. Thus, neonatal OB activity is critical for the functional LEC-HP development and maturation of cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nan Chen
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna K Kostka
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian H Bitzenhofer
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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10
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Fenton AA, Hurtado JR, Broek JAC, Park E, Mishra B. Do Place Cells Dream of Deceptive Moves in a Signaling Game? Neuroscience 2023; 529:129-147. [PMID: 37591330 PMCID: PMC10592151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
We consider the possibility of applying game theory to analysis and modeling of neurobiological systems. Specifically, the basic properties and features of information asymmetric signaling games are considered and discussed as having potential to explain diverse neurobiological phenomena; we focus on neuronal action potential discharge that can represent cognitive variables in memory and purposeful behavior. We begin by arguing that there is a pressing need for conceptual frameworks that can permit analysis and integration of information and explanations across many scales of biological function including gene regulation, molecular and biochemical signaling, cellular and metabolic function, neuronal population, and systems level organization to generate plausible hypotheses across these scales. Developing such integrative frameworks is crucial if we are to understand cognitive functions like learning, memory, and perception. The present work focuses on systems neuroscience organized around the connected brain regions of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. These areas are intensely studied in rodent subjects as model neuronal systems that undergo activity-dependent synaptic plasticity to form neuronal circuits and represent memories and spatial knowledge used for purposeful navigation. Examples of cognition-related spatial information in the observed neuronal discharge of hippocampal place cell populations and medial entorhinal head-direction cell populations are used to illustrate possible challenges to information maximization concepts. It may be natural to explain these observations using the ideas and features of information asymmetric signaling games.
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Affiliation(s)
- André A Fenton
- Neurobiology of Cognition Laboratory, Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute at the NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - José R Hurtado
- Neurobiology of Cognition Laboratory, Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jantine A C Broek
- Departments of Computer Science and Mathematics, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - EunHye Park
- Neurobiology of Cognition Laboratory, Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bud Mishra
- Departments of Computer Science and Mathematics, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Simon Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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11
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Reznik D, Trampel R, Weiskopf N, Witter MP, Doeller CF. Dissociating distinct cortical networks associated with subregions of the human medial temporal lobe using precision neuroimaging. Neuron 2023; 111:2756-2772.e7. [PMID: 37390820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Tract-tracing studies in primates indicate that different subregions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) are connected with multiple brain regions. However, no clear framework defining the distributed anatomy associated with the human MTL exists. This gap in knowledge originates in notoriously low MRI data quality in the anterior human MTL and in group-level blurring of idiosyncratic anatomy between adjacent brain regions, such as entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, and parahippocampal areas TH/TF. Using MRI, we intensively scanned four human individuals and collected whole-brain data with unprecedented MTL signal quality. Following detailed exploration of cortical networks associated with MTL subregions within each individual, we discovered three biologically meaningful networks associated with the entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, and parahippocampal area TH, respectively. Our findings define the anatomical constraints within which human mnemonic functions must operate and are insightful for examining the evolutionary trajectory of the MTL connectivity across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Reznik
- Department of Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Robert Trampel
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Disease, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian F Doeller
- Department of Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Disease, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Wilhelm Wundt Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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12
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Macias-Velez RDJ, Rivera-Cervantes MC, Marín-López AG, Murguía-Castillo J. Intranasal erythropoietin protects granular cells and reduces astrogliosis in the dentate gyrus after ischemic damage, an effect associated with molecular changes in erythropoietin and its receptor. Neurosci Lett 2023; 812:137366. [PMID: 37393008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Within the hippocampus, the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions are considered the most and the least susceptible to damage by cerebral ischemia, respectively. In addition, it has been tested that rHuEPO exhibits neuroprotective properties. This work investigates the effect of different intranasal doses of rHuEPO, applied in different ischemic post-damage times in the DG, and the effect of the rHuEPO on astroglial reactivity after cerebral ischemia. Additionally, an effective dose for neuroprotection and an administration time was used to evaluate gene and protein expression changes of EPO and EPOR in the DG region. We observed a considerable loss of cells on the granular layer and an increased number of GFAP immunoreactive cells in this region only 72 h after the onset of ischemia/damage. When rHuEPO was administered, the number of morphologically abnormal cells and immunoreactivity decreased. In the analysis of protein and gene expression, there is no correlation between expression level of these molecules, although the rHuEPO amplifies the response to ischemia of EPO and EPOR gene for each evaluated time; in the case of the protein only at 2 h this effect was observed. We demonstrated the susceptibility of the DG to ischemia; so granular cells damage was observed, moreover of the astrocytic response, which is accompanied by molecular changes in signaling mediated by rHuEPO intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Jesús Macias-Velez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Martha Catalina Rivera-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Guadalupe Marín-López
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Justo Murguía-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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13
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Lenz M, Eichler A, Kruse P, Galanis C, Kleidonas D, Andrieux G, Boerries M, Jedlicka P, Müller U, Deller T, Vlachos A. The Amyloid Precursor Protein Regulates Synaptic Transmission at Medial Perforant Path Synapses. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5290-5304. [PMID: 37369586 PMCID: PMC10359033 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1824-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The perforant path provides the primary cortical excitatory input to the hippocampus. Because of its important role in information processing and coding, entorhinal projections to the dentate gyrus have been studied in considerable detail. Nevertheless, synaptic transmission between individual connected pairs of entorhinal stellate cells and dentate granule cells remains to be characterized. Here, we have used mouse organotypic entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures of either sex, in which the entorhinal cortex (EC) to dentate granule cell (GC; EC-GC) projection is present, and EC-GC pairs can be studied using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. By using cultures of wild-type mice, the properties of EC-GC synapses formed by afferents from the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex were compared, and differences in short-term plasticity were identified. As the perforant path is severely affected in Alzheimer's disease, we used tissue cultures of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-deficient mice to examine the role of APP at this synapse. APP deficiency altered excitatory neurotransmission at medial perforant path synapses, which was accompanied by transcriptomic and ultrastructural changes. Moreover, presynaptic but not postsynaptic APP deletion through the local injection of Cre-expressing adeno-associated viruses in conditional APPflox/flox tissue cultures increased the neurotransmission efficacy at perforant path synapses. In summary, these data suggest a physiological role for presynaptic APP at medial perforant path synapses that may be adversely affected under altered APP processing conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The hippocampus receives input from the entorhinal cortex via the perforant path. These projections to hippocampal dentate granule cells are of utmost importance for learning and memory formation. Although there is detailed knowledge about perforant path projections, the functional synaptic properties at the level of individual connected pairs of neurons are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of APP in mediating functional properties and transmission rules in individually connected neurons using paired whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and genetic tools in organotypic tissue cultures. Our results show that presynaptic APP expression limits excitatory neurotransmission via the perforant path, which could be compromised in pathologic conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Amelie Eichler
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia Kruse
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christos Galanis
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Kleidonas
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrike Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Functional Genomics, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Oddi S, Fiorenza MT, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid signaling in adult hippocampal neurogenesis: A mechanistic and integrated perspective. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101239. [PMID: 37385352 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Dentate gyrus of the hippocampus continuously gives rise to new neurons, namely, adult-born granule cells, which contribute to conferring plasticity to the mature brain throughout life. Within this neurogenic region, the fate and behavior of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their progeny result from a complex balance and integration of a variety of cell-autonomous and cell-to-cell-interaction signals and underlying pathways. Among these structurally and functionally diverse signals, there are endocannabinoids (eCBs), the main brain retrograde messengers. These pleiotropic bioactive lipids can directly and/or indirectly influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) by modulating, both positively and negatively, multiple molecular and cellular processes in the hippocampal niche, depending on the cell type or stage of differentiation. Firstly, eCBs act directly as cell-intrinsic factors, cell-autonomously produced by NSCs following their stimulation. Secondly, in many, if not all, niche-associated cells, including some local neuronal and nonneuronal elements, the eCB system indirectly modulates the neurogenesis, linking neuronal and glial activity to regulating distinct stages of AHN. Herein, we discuss the crosstalk of the eCB system with other neurogenesis-relevant signal pathways and speculate how the hippocampus-dependent neurobehavioral effects elicited by (endo)cannabinergic medications are interpretable in light of the key regulatory role that eCBs play on AHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Oddi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Snc, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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15
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Yonan JM, Steward O. Vector-mediated PTEN deletion in the adult dentate gyrus initiates new growth of granule cell bodies and dendrites and expansion of mossy fiber terminal fields that continues for months. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106190. [PMID: 37290578 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic and early postnatal deletion of the gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) results in neuronal hypertrophy, formation of aberrant neural networks and spontaneous seizures. Our previous studies document that deletion of PTEN in mature neurons also causes growth of cortical neuron cell bodies and dendrites, but it is unknown how this growth alters connectivity in mature circuits. Here, we explore consequences of deleting PTEN in a focal area of the dentate gyrus in adult male and female mice. PTEN deletion was accomplished by injecting AAV-Cre unilaterally into the dentate gyrus of double transgenic mice with lox-P sites flanking exon 5 of the PTEN gene and stop/flox tdTomato in the Rosa locus (PTENf/f/RosatdTomato). Focal deletion led to progressive increases in the size of the dentate gyrus at the injection site, enlargement of granule cell bodies, and increases in dendritic length and caliber. Quantitative analysis of dendrites by Golgi staining revealed dramatic increases in spine numbers throughout the proximo-distal extent of the dendritic tree, suggesting that dendritic growth is sufficient to induce new synapse formation by input neurons with intact PTEN expression. Tract tracing of input pathways to the dentate gyrus from the ipsilateral entorhinal cortex and commissural/associational system revealed that laminar specificity of termination of inputs is maintained. Mossy fiber axons from PTEN-deleted granule cells expanded their terminal field in CA3 where PTEN expression was intact and supra-granular mossy fibers developed in some mice. These findings document that persistent activation of mTOR via PTEN deletion in fully mature neurons re-initiates a state of robust cell-intrinsic growth, upending connectional homeostasis in fully mature hippocampal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Yonan
- Reeve-Irvine Research Center, Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, University of California at Irvine, 837 Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, University of California at Irvine, 837 Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, University of California at Irvine, 837 Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Oswald Steward
- Reeve-Irvine Research Center, Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, University of California at Irvine, 837 Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, University of California at Irvine, 837 Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, University of California at Irvine, 837 Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, University of California at Irvine, 837 Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, University of California at Irvine, 837 Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, University of California at Irvine, 837 Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America.
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16
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Yun S, Soler I, Tran FH, Haas HA, Shi R, Bancroft GL, Suarez M, de Santis CR, Reynolds RP, Eisch AJ. Behavioral pattern separation and cognitive flexibility are enhanced in a mouse model of increased lateral entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus circuit activity. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1151877. [PMID: 37324519 PMCID: PMC10267474 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1151877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral pattern separation and cognitive flexibility are essential cognitive abilities that are disrupted in many brain disorders. A better understanding of the neural circuitry involved in these abilities will open paths to treatment. In humans and mice, discrimination and adaptation rely on the integrity of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) which receives glutamatergic input from the entorhinal cortex (EC), including the lateral EC (LEC). An inducible increase of EC-DG circuit activity improves simple hippocampal-dependent associative learning and increases DG neurogenesis. Here, we asked if the activity of LEC fan cells that directly project to the DG (LEC → DG neurons) regulates the relatively more complex hippocampal-dependent abilities of behavioral pattern separation or cognitive flexibility. C57BL/6J male mice received bilateral LEC infusions of a virus expressing shRNA TRIP8b, an auxiliary protein of an HCN channel or a control virus (SCR shRNA). Prior work shows that 4 weeks post-surgery, TRIP8b mice have more DG neurogenesis and greater activity of LEC → DG neurons compared to SCR shRNA mice. Here, 4 weeks post-surgery, the mice underwent testing for behavioral pattern separation and reversal learning (touchscreen-based location discrimination reversal [LDR]) and innate fear of open spaces (elevated plus maze [EPM]) followed by quantification of new DG neurons (doublecortin-immunoreactive cells [DCX+] cells). There was no effect of treatment (SCR shRNA vs. TRIP8b) on performance during general touchscreen training, LDR training, or the 1st days of LDR testing. However, in the last days of LDR testing, the TRIP8b shRNA mice had improved pattern separation (reached the first reversal more quickly and had more accurate discrimination) compared to the SCR shRNA mice, specifically when the load on pattern separation was high (lit squares close together or "small separation"). The TRIP8b shRNA mice were also more cognitively flexible (achieved more reversals) compared to the SCR shRNA mice in the last days of LDR testing. Supporting a specific influence on cognitive behavior, the SCR shRNA and TRIP8b shRNA mice did not differ in total distance traveled or in time spent in the closed arms of the EPM. Supporting an inducible increase in LEC-DG activity, DG neurogenesis was increased. These data indicate that the TRIP8b shRNA mice had better pattern separation and reversal learning and more neurogenesis compared to the SCR shRNA mice. This study advances fundamental and translational neuroscience knowledge relevant to two cognitive functions critical for adaptation and survival-behavioral pattern separation and cognitive flexibility-and suggests that the activity of LEC → DG neurons merits exploration as a therapeutic target to normalize dysfunctional DG behavioral output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ivan Soler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fionya H. Tran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Harley A. Haas
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Raymon Shi
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Maiko Suarez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher R. de Santis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ryan P. Reynolds
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amelia J. Eisch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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17
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Kitchigina V, Shubina L. Oscillations in the dentate gyrus as a tool for the performance of the hippocampal functions: Healthy and epileptic brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110759. [PMID: 37003419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) is part of the hippocampal formation and is essential for important cognitive processes such as navigation and memory. The oscillatory activity of the DG network is believed to play a critical role in cognition. DG circuits generate theta, beta, and gamma rhythms, which participate in the specific information processing performed by DG neurons. In the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), cognitive abilities are impaired, which may be due to drastic alterations in the DG structure and network activity during epileptogenesis. The theta rhythm and theta coherence are especially vulnerable in dentate circuits; disturbances in DG theta oscillations and their coherence may be responsible for general cognitive impairments observed during epileptogenesis. Some researchers suggested that the vulnerability of DG mossy cells is a key factor in the genesis of TLE, but others did not support this hypothesis. The aim of the review is not only to present the current state of the art in this field of research but to help pave the way for future investigations by highlighting the gaps in our knowledge to completely appreciate the role of DG rhythms in brain functions. Disturbances in oscillatory activity of the DG during TLE development may be a diagnostic marker in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Kitchigina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia.
| | - Liubov Shubina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
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18
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Jacobsen B, Kleven H, Gatome W, Las L, Ulanovsky N, Witter MP. Organization of projections from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampal formation of the Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus. Hippocampus 2023. [PMID: 36869437 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex are crucially involved in learning and memory as well as in spatial navigation. The conservation of these structures across the entire mammalian lineage demonstrates their importance. Information on a diverse set of spatially tuned neurons has become available, but we only have a rudimentary understanding of how anatomical network structure affects functional tuning. Bats are the only order of mammals that have evolved true flight, and with this specialization comes the need to navigate and behave in a three dimensional (3D) environment. Spatial tuning of cells in the entorhinal-hippocampal network of bats has been studied for some time, but whether the reported tuning in 3D is associated with changes in the entorhinal-hippocampal network is not known. Here we investigated the entorhinal-hippocampal projections in the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), by injecting chemical anterograde tracers in the entorhinal cortex. Detailed analyses of the terminations of these projections in the hippocampus showed that both the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex sent projections to the molecular layer of all subfields of the hippocampal formation. Our analyses showed that the terminal distributions of entorhinal fibers in the hippocampal formation of Egyptian fruit bats-including the proximo-distal and longitudinal topography and the layer-specificity-are similar to what has been described in other mammalian species such as rodents and primates. The major difference in entorhinal-hippocampal projections that was described to date between rodents and primates is in the terminal distribution of the DG projection. We found that bats have entorhinal-DG projections that seem more like those in primates than in rodents. It is likely that the latter projection in bats is specialized to the behavioral needs of this species, including 3D flight and long-distance navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Jacobsen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, NTNU Norwegian University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Heidi Kleven
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, NTNU Norwegian University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Neural Systems, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, UiO University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wairimu Gatome
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liora Las
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nachum Ulanovsky
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Menno P Witter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, NTNU Norwegian University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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19
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Damphousse CC, Medeiros JK, Micks NE, Marrone DF. Altered pattern separation in Goto-Kakizaki rats. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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20
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Yun S, Soler I, Tran F, Haas HA, Shi R, Bancroft GL, Suarez M, de Santis CR, Reynolds RP, Eisch AJ. Behavioral pattern separation and cognitive flexibility are enhanced in a mouse model of increased lateral entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus circuit activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525756. [PMID: 36747871 PMCID: PMC9900985 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral pattern separation and cognitive flexibility are essential cognitive abilities which are disrupted in many brain disorders. Better understanding of the neural circuitry involved in these abilities will open paths to treatment. In humans and mice, discrimination and adaptation rely on integrity of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) which both receive glutamatergic input from the entorhinal cortex (EC), including the lateral EC (LEC). Inducible increase of EC-DG circuit activity improves simple hippocampal-dependent associative learning and increases DG neurogenesis. Here we asked if the activity of LEC fan cells that directly project to the DG (LEC➔DG neurons) regulates behavioral pattern separation or cognitive flexibility. C57BL6/J male mice received bilateral LEC infusions of a virus expressing shRNA TRIP8b, an auxiliary protein of an HCN channel or a control virus (SCR shRNA); this approach increases the activity of LEC➔DG neurons. Four weeks later, mice underwent testing for behavioral pattern separation and reversal learning (touchscreen-based Location Discrimination Reversal [LDR] task) and innate fear of open spaces (elevated plus maze [EPM]) followed by counting of new DG neurons (doublecortin-immunoreactive cells [DCX+] cells). TRIP8b and SCR shRNA mice performed similarly in general touchscreen training and LDR training. However, in late LDR testing, TRIP8b shRNA mice reached the first reversal more quickly and had more accurate discrimination vs. SCR shRNA mice, specifically when pattern separation was challenging (lit squares close together or "small separation"). Also, TRIP8b shRNA mice achieved more reversals in late LDR testing vs. SCR shRNA mice. Supporting a specific influence on cognitive behavior, SCR shRNA and TRIP8b shRNA mice did not differ in total distance traveled or in time spent in the closed arms of the EPM. Supporting an inducible increase in LEC-DG activity, DG neurogenesis was increased. These data indicate TRIP8b shRNA mice had better pattern separation and reversal learning and more neurogenesis vs. SCR shRNA mice. This work advances fundamental and translational neuroscience knowledge relevant to two cognitive functions critical for adaptation and survival - behavioral pattern separation and cognitive flexibility - and suggests the activity of LEC➔DG neurons merits exploration as a therapeutic target to normalize dysfunctional DG behavioral output.
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21
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Simmons SC, Grecco GG, Atwood BK, Nugent FS. Effects of prenatal opioid exposure on synaptic adaptations and behaviors across development. Neuropharmacology 2023; 222:109312. [PMID: 36334764 PMCID: PMC10314127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on prenatal opioid exposure (POE) given the significant concern for the mental health outcomes of children with parents affected by opioid use disorder (OUD) in the view of the current opioid crisis. We highlight some of the less explored interactions between developmental age and sex on synaptic plasticity and associated behavioral outcomes in preclinical POE research. We begin with an overview of the rich literature on hippocampal related behaviors and plasticity across POE exposure paradigms. We then discuss recent work on reward circuit dysregulation following POE. Additional risk factors such as early life stress (ELS) could further influence synaptic and behavioral outcomes of POE. Therefore, we include an overview on the use of preclinical ELS models where ELS exposure during key critical developmental periods confers considerable vulnerability to addiction and stress psychopathology. Here, we hope to highlight the similarity between POE and ELS on development and maintenance of opioid-induced plasticity and altered opioid-related behaviors where similar enduring plasticity in reward circuits may occur. We conclude the review with some of the limitations that should be considered in future investigations. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Opioid-induced addiction'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Simmons
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Greg G Grecco
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Brady K Atwood
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Fereshteh S Nugent
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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22
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Uchida Y, Onda K, Hou Z, Troncoso JC, Mori S, Oishi K. Microstructural Neurodegeneration of the Entorhinal-Hippocampus Pathway along the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1107-1117. [PMID: 37638442 PMCID: PMC10578220 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional neuroimaging biomarkers for the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not sensitive enough to detect neurodegenerative alterations during the preclinical stage of AD individuals. OBJECTIVE We examined whether neurodegeneration of the entorhinal-hippocampal pathway could be detected along the AD continuum using ultra-high-field diffusion tensor imaging and tractography for ex vivo brain tissues. METHODS Postmortem brain specimens from a cognitively unimpaired individual without AD pathological changes (non-AD), a cognitively unimpaired individual with AD pathological changes (preclinical AD), and a demented individual with AD pathological changes (AD dementia) were scanned with an 11.7T diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the entorhinal layer II and number of perforant path fibers counted by tractography were compared among the AD continuum. Following the imaging analyses, the status of myelinated fibers and neuronal cells were verified by subsequent serial histological examinations. RESULTS At 250μm (zipped to 125μm) isotropic resolution, the entorhinal layer II islands and the perforant path fibers could be identified in non-AD and preclinical AD, but not in AD dementia, followed by histological verification. The FA value of the entorhinal layer II was the highest among the entorhinal laminae in non-AD and preclinical AD, whereas the FA values in the entorhinal laminae were homogeneously low in AD dementia. The FA values and number of perforant path fibers decreased along the AD continuum (non-AD>preclinical AD > AD dementia). CONCLUSION We successfully detected neurodegenerative alterations of the entorhinal-hippocampal pathway at the preclinical stage of the AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Uchida
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kengo Onda
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susumu Mori
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Granger SJ, Colon-Perez L, Larson MS, Bennett IJ, Phelan M, Keator DB, Janecek JT, Sathishkumar MT, Smith AP, McMillan L, Greenia D, Corrada MM, Kawas CH, Yassa MA. Reduced structural connectivity of the medial temporal lobe including the perforant path is associated with aging and verbal memory impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 121:119-128. [PMID: 36434930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The perforant path, the white matter bundle connecting the entorhinal cortex (ERC) with the hippocampal formation deteriorates with age-related cognitive decline. Previous investigations using diffusion-weighted MRI to quantify perforant path integrity in-vivo have been limited due to image resolution or have quantified the perforant path using methods susceptible to partial volume effects such as the tensor model and without consideration of its 3-dimensional morphology. In this investigation, we use quantitative-anisotropy informed tractography derived from ultra-high resolution diffusion imaging (ZOOMit) to investigate structural connectivity of the perforant path and other medial temporal lobe (MTL) pathways in older adults (63 to 98 years old, n = 51). We show that graph density within the MTL declines with age and is associated with lower delayed recall performance. We also show that older age and poorer delayed recall are associated with reduced streamlines connecting the ERC and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (the putative perforant path). This work suggest that intra-MTL connectivity may new candidate biomarkers for age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Granger
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Luis Colon-Perez
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Myra Saraí Larson
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Ilana J Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Michael Phelan
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - David B Keator
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - John T Janecek
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Mithra T Sathishkumar
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Anna P Smith
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Liv McMillan
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Dana Greenia
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Maria M Corrada
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Claudia H Kawas
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA.
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24
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Kim YK, Jung YS, Song J. Transcriptome Profile in the Mouse Brain of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010675. [PMID: 36614117 PMCID: PMC9821016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a chronic metabolic disease accompanied by neuropathological and neuropsychiatric features, including memory deficits, psychomotor dysfunction, depression, and anxiety. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by tau hyperphosphorylation, excessive amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, the formation of fibrillary tangles, hippocampus atrophy, and neuroinflammation. Recent studies have suggested a positive correlation between HE and AD. Some studies reported that an impaired cholesterol pathway, abnormal bile acid secretion, excessive ammonia level, impaired Aβ clearance, astrocytic dysfunction, and abnormal γ-aminobutyric acid GABAergic neuronal signaling in HE may also be involved in AD pathology. However, the mechanisms and related genes involved in AD-like pathology in the HE brain are unclear. Thus, we compared the cortical transcriptome profile between an HE mouse model, bile duct ligation (BDL), and an AD mouse model, the 5×FAD. Our study showed that the expression of many genes implicated in HE is associated with neuronal dysfunction in AD mice. We found changes in various protein-coding RNAs, implicated in synapses, neurogenesis, neuron projection, neuron differentiation, and neurite outgrowth, and non-coding RNAs possibly associated with neuropathology. Our data provide an important resource for further studies to elucidate AD-like pathophysiology in HE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-379-2706; Fax: +82-61-375-5834
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25
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Astillero-Lopez V, Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Villar-Conde S, Flores-Cuadrado A, Martinez-Marcos A, Ubeda-Banon I, Saiz-Sanchez D. Neurodegeneration and astrogliosis in the entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease: Stereological layer-specific assessment and proteomic analysis. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2468-2480. [PMID: 35142030 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The entorhinal cortex is among the earliest areas involved in Alzheimer's disease. Volume reduction and neural loss in this area have been widely reported. Human entorhinal cortex atrophy is, in part, due to neural loss, but microglial and/or astroglial involvement in the different layers remains unclear. Additionally, -omic approaches in the human entorhinal cortex are scarce. METHODS Herein, stereological layer-specific and proteomic analyses were carried out in the human brain. RESULTS Neurodegeneration, microglial reduction, and astrogliosis have been demonstrated, and proteomic data have revealed relationships with up- (S100A6, PPP1R1B, BAG3, and PRDX6) and downregulated (GSK3B, SYN1, DLG4, and RAB3A) proteins. Namely, clusters of these proteins were related to synaptic, neuroinflammatory, and oxidative stress processes. DISCUSSION Differential layer involvement among neural and glial populations determined by proteinopathies and identified proteins related to neurodegeneration and astrogliosis could explain how the cortical circuitry facilitates pathological spreading within the medial temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Astillero-Lopez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sandra Villar-Conde
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Banon
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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26
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Adams JN, Kim S, Rizvi B, Sathishkumar M, Taylor L, Harris AL, Mikhail A, Keator DB, McMillan L, Yassa MA. Entorhinal-Hippocampal Circuit Integrity Is Related to Mnemonic Discrimination and Amyloid-β Pathology in Older Adults. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8742-8753. [PMID: 36302636 PMCID: PMC9671577 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1165-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mnemonic discrimination, a cognitive process that relies on hippocampal pattern separation, is one of the first memory domains to decline in aging and preclinical Alzheimer's disease. We tested whether functional connectivity (FC) within the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit, measured with high-resolution resting state fMRI, is associated with mnemonic discrimination and amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in a sample of 64 cognitively normal human older adults (mean age, 71.3 ± 6.4 years; 67% female). FC was measured between entorhinal-hippocampal circuit nodes with known anatomical connectivity, as well as within cortical memory networks. Aβ pathology was measured with 18F-florbetapir-PET, and neurodegeneration was assessed with subregional volume from structural MRI. Participants performed both object and spatial versions of a mnemonic discrimination task outside of the scanner and were classified into low-performing and high-performing groups on each task using a median split. Low object mnemonic discrimination performance was specifically associated with increased FC between anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alEC) and dentate gyrus (DG)/CA3, supporting the importance of this connection to object memory. This hyperconnectivity between alEC and DG/CA3 was related to Aβ pathology and decreased entorhinal cortex volume. In contrast, spatial mnemonic discrimination was not associated with altered FC. Aβ was further associated with dysfunction within hippocampal subfields, particularly with decreased FC between CA1 and subiculum as well as reduced volume in these regions. Our findings suggest that Aβ may indirectly lead to memory impairment through entorhinal-hippocampal circuit dysfunction and neurodegeneration and provide a mechanism for increased vulnerability of object mnemonic discrimination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mnemonic discrimination is a critical episodic memory process that is performed in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 subfield of the hippocampus, relying on input from entorhinal cortex. Mnemonic discrimination is particularly vulnerable to decline in older adults; however, the mechanisms behind this vulnerability are still unknown. We demonstrate that object mnemonic discrimination impairment is related to hyperconnectivity between the anterolateral entorhinal cortex and DG/CA3. This hyperconnectivity was associated with amyloid-β pathology and neurodegeneration in entorhinal cortex, suggesting aberrantly increased network activity is a pathological process. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation of the vulnerability of object compared to spatial mnemonic discrimination in older adults and has translational implications for choice of outcome measures in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N Adams
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Soyun Kim
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Batool Rizvi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Mithra Sathishkumar
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Lisa Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Alyssa L Harris
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Abanoub Mikhail
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - David B Keator
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Liv McMillan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
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27
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Nassif C, Kawles A, Ayala I, Minogue G, Gill NP, Shepard RA, Zouridakis A, Keszycki R, Zhang H, Mao Q, Flanagan ME, Bigio EH, Mesulam MM, Rogalski E, Geula C, Gefen T. Integrity of Neuronal Size in the Entorhinal Cortex Is a Biological Substrate of Exceptional Cognitive Aging. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8587-8594. [PMID: 36180225 PMCID: PMC9665923 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0679-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Average aging is associated with a gradual decline of memory capacity. SuperAgers are humans ≥80 years of age who show exceptional episodic memory at least as good as individuals 20-30 years their junior. This study investigated whether neuronal integrity in the entorhinal cortex (ERC), an area critical for memory and selectively vulnerable to neurofibrillary degeneration, differentiated SuperAgers from cognitively healthy younger individuals, cognitively average peers ("Normal Elderly"), and individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Postmortem sections of the ERC were stained with cresyl violet to visualize neurons and immunostained with mouse monoclonal antibody PHF-1 to visualize neurofibrillary tangles. The cross-sectional area (i.e., size) of layer II and layer III/V ERC neurons were quantified. Two-thirds of total participants were female. Unbiased stereology was used to quantitate tangles in a subgroup of SuperAgers and Normal Elderly. Linear mixed-effect models were used to determine differences across groups. Quantitative measurements found that the soma size of layer II ERC neurons in postmortem brain specimens were significantly larger in SuperAgers compared with all groups (p < 0.05)-including younger individuals 20-30 years their junior (p < 0.005). SuperAgers had significantly fewer stereologically quantified Alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary tangles in layer II ERC than Normal Elderly (p < 0.05). This difference in tangle burden in layer II between SuperAgers and Normal Elderly suggests that tangle-bearing neurons may be prone to shrinkage during aging. The finding that SuperAgers show ERC layer II neurons that are substantially larger even compared with individuals 20-30 years younger is remarkable, suggesting that layer II ERC integrity is a biological substrate of exceptional memory in old age.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Average aging is associated with a gradual decline of memory. Previous research shows that an area critical for memory, the entorhinal cortex (ERC), is susceptible to the early formation of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology, even during average (or typical) trajectories of aging. The Northwestern University SuperAging Research Program studies unique individuals known as SuperAgers, individuals ≥80 years old who show exceptional memory that is at least as good as individuals 20-30 years their junior. In this study, we show that SuperAgers harbor larger, healthier neurons in the ERC compared with their cognitively average same-aged peers, those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and - remarkably - even compared with individuals 20-30 years younger. We conclude that larger ERC neurons are a biological signature of the SuperAging trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Nassif
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Allegra Kawles
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ivan Ayala
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Grace Minogue
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Nathan P Gill
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Robert A Shepard
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Antonia Zouridakis
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Rachel Keszycki
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Hui Zhang
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - M-Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Changiz Geula
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Progression in Time of Dentate Gyrus Granule Cell Layer Widening due to Excitotoxicity Occurs along In Vivo LTP Reinstatement and Contextual Fear Memory Recovery. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:7432842. [PMID: 36213614 PMCID: PMC9533134 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7432842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) is the gateway of sensory information arriving from the perforant pathway (PP) to the hippocampus. The adequate integration of incoming information into the DG is paramount in the execution of hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions. An abnormal DG granule cell layer (GCL) widening due to granule cell dispersion has been reported under hyperexcitation conditions in animal models as well as in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, but also in patients with no apparent relation to epilepsy. Strikingly, it is unclear whether the presence and severity of GCL widening along time affect synaptic processing arising from the PP and alter the performance in hippocampal-mediated behaviors. To evaluate the above, we injected excitotoxic kainic acid (KA) unilaterally into the DG of mice and analyzed the evolution of GCL widening at 10 and 30 days post injection (dpi), while analyzing if KA-induced GCL widening affected in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) in the PP-DG pathway, as well as the performance in learning and memory through contextual fear conditioning. Our results show that at 10 dpi, when a subtle GCL widening was observed, LTP induction, as well as contextual fear memory, were impaired. However, at 30 dpi when a pronounced increase in GCL widening was found, LTP induction and contextual fear memory were already reestablished. These results highlight the plastic potential of the DG to recover some of its functions despite a major structural alteration such as abnormal GCL widening.
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A direct excitatory projection from entorhinal layer 6b neurons to the hippocampus contributes to spatial coding and memory. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4826. [PMID: 35974109 PMCID: PMC9381769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hippocampal formation (HF) plays a key role in several higher brain functions, such as spatial coding, learning and memory. Its simple circuit architecture is often viewed as a trisynaptic loop, processing input originating from the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and sending it back to its deeper layers. Here, we show that excitatory neurons in layer 6b of the mouse EC project to all sub-regions comprising the HF and receive input from the CA1, thalamus and claustrum. Furthermore, their output is characterized by unique slow-decaying excitatory postsynaptic currents capable of driving plateau-like potentials in their postsynaptic targets. Optogenetic inhibition of the EC-6b pathway affects spatial coding in CA1 pyramidal neurons, while cell ablation impairs not only acquisition of new spatial memories, but also degradation of previously acquired ones. Our results provide evidence of a functional role for cortical layer 6b neurons in the adult brain.
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30
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The mGlu 7 receptor in schizophrenia - An update and future perspectives. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 218:173430. [PMID: 35870668 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mGlu7 receptor belongs to the III group of metabotropic glutamatergic (mGlu) receptors and physiologically serves as an "emergency" receptor that is activated by high, almost pathological, glutamate concentrations. Of all mGlu receptors, this receptor is most highly expressed in the brain. Additionally, relatively intense expression of the receptor was found at the periphery, for example in the bowels or in the reproductive system of male mice, but this review will be focused predominantly on its role in the brain. In the CNS, the receptor is expressed presynaptically, in the center of the synaptic cleft, at the terminals of both excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic neurons. Thus, it may regulate the release of both glutamate and GABA. Schizophrenia is thought to develop as a consequence of a disturbed glutamatergic-GABAergic balance in different parts of the brain. Thus, the mGlu7 receptor may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and consequently constitute the target for antipsychotic drug discovery. In this review, we summarize the available data about mGlu7 receptor ligands and their activity in animal models of schizophrenia. At present, only a few ligands are available, and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) appear to exert antipsychotic-like efficacy, indicating that the inhibition of the receptor could constitute a promising target in the search for novel drugs. Additionally, the data concerning the expression of the receptor in the CNS and putative mechanisms by which its inhibition may contribute to the treatment of schizophrenia will be discussed. Finally, the polymorphisms of genes encoding the receptor in schizophrenic patients will also be provided.
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31
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Honda Y, Shimokawa T, Matsuda S, Kobayashi Y, Moriya-Ito K. Hippocampal Connectivity of the Presubiculum in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:863478. [PMID: 35860211 PMCID: PMC9289110 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.863478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The marmoset (a New World monkey) has recently received much attention as an experimental animal model; however, little is known about the connectivity of limbic regions, including cortical and hippocampal memory circuits, in the marmoset. Here, we investigated the neuronal connectivity of the marmoset, especially focusing on the connectivity between the hippocampal formation and the presubiculum, using retrograde and anterograde tracers (cholera toxin-B subunit and biotin dextran amine). We demonstrated the presence of a direct projection from the CA1 pyramidal cell layer to the deep layers of the presubiculum in the marmoset, which was previously identified in the rabbit brain, but not in the rat. We also found that the cells of origin of the subiculo-presubicular projections were localized in the middle part along the superficial-to-deep axis of the pyramidal cell layer of the distal subiculum in the marmoset, which was similar to that in both rats and rabbits. Our results suggest that, compared to the rat and rabbit brains, connections between the hippocampal formation and presubiculum are highly organized and characteristic in the marmoset brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Honda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshiko Honda,
| | - Tetsuya Shimokawa
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsuda
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Moriya-Ito
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Beesley S, Sullenberger T, Lee C, Kumar SS. GluN3 Subunit Expression Correlates with Increased Vulnerability of Hippocampus and Entorhinal Cortex to Neurodegeneration in a Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:1496-1510. [PMID: 35475675 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00070.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of epilepsy in adults that is often refractory to anti-epileptic medication therapy. Neither the pathology nor the etiology of TLE are fully characterized, although recent studies have established that the two are causally related. TLE pathology entails a stereotypic pattern of neuron loss in hippocampal and parahippocampal regions, predominantly in CA1 subfield of the hippocampus and layer 3 of the medial entorhinal area (MEA), deemed hallmark pathological features of the disease. Through this work, we address the contribution of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) to the pathology (vulnerability and pattern of neuronal loss), and by extension to the pathophysiology (Ca2+ induced excitotoxicity), by assaying the spatial expression of their subunit proteins (GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B and GluN3A) in these regions using ASTA (area specific tissue analysis), a novel methodology for harvesting brain chads from hard-to-reach regions within brain slices for Western blotting. Our data suggest gradient expression of the GluN3A subunit along the mid-lateral extent of layer 3 MEA and along the CA1-subicular axis in the hippocampus, unlike GluN1 or GluN2 subunits which are uniformly distributed. Incorporation of GluN3A in the subunit composition of conventional diheteromeric (d-) NMDARs yield triheteromeric (t-) NMDARs which by virtue of their increased selectivity for Ca2+ render neurons vulnerable to excitotoxic damage. Thus, the expression profile of this subunit sheds light on the spatial extent of the pathology observed in these regions and implicates the GluN3 subunit of NMDARs in hippocampal and entorhinal cortical pathology underlying TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Beesley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Program in Neuroscience Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Thomas Sullenberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Program in Neuroscience Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Christopher Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Program in Neuroscience Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Sanjay S Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Program in Neuroscience Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Shahoha M, Cohen R, Ben-Simon Y, Ashery U. cAMP-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity at the Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Terminal. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:861215. [PMID: 35444523 PMCID: PMC9013808 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.861215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a crucial second messenger involved in both pre- and postsynaptic plasticity in many neuronal types across species. In the hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) synapse, cAMP mediates presynaptic long-term potentiation and depression. The main cAMP-dependent signaling pathway linked to MF synaptic plasticity acts via the activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) molecular cascade. Accordingly, various downstream putative synaptic PKA target proteins have been linked to cAMP-dependent MF synaptic plasticity, such as synapsin, rabphilin, synaptotagmin-12, RIM1a, tomosyn, and P/Q-type calcium channels. Regulating the expression of some of these proteins alters synaptic release probability and calcium channel clustering, resulting in short- and long-term changes to synaptic efficacy. However, despite decades of research, the exact molecular mechanisms by which cAMP and PKA exert their influences in MF terminals remain largely unknown. Here, we review current knowledge of different cAMP catalysts and potential downstream PKA-dependent molecular cascades, in addition to non-canonical cAMP-dependent but PKA-independent cascades, which might serve as alternative, compensatory or competing pathways to the canonical PKA cascade. Since several other central synapses share a similar form of presynaptic plasticity with the MF, a better description of the molecular mechanisms governing MF plasticity could be key to understanding the relationship between the transcriptional and computational levels across brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meishar Shahoha
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronni Cohen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Ben-Simon
- Department of Neurophysiology, Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Yoav Ben-Simon,
| | - Uri Ashery
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Uri Ashery,
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34
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Jin T, Wang R, Peng S, Liu X, Zhang H, He X, Teng W, Teng X. Developmental Hypothyroidism Influences the Development of the Entorhinal-Dentate Gyrus Pathway of Rat Offspring. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:290-302. [PMID: 35390249 PMCID: PMC9081305 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental hypothyroidism impairs learning and memory in offspring, which depend on extensive neuronal circuits in the entorhinal cortex, together with the hippocampus and neocortex. The entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway is the main entrance of memory circuits. We investigated whether developmental hypothyroidism impaired the morphological development of the entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway. METHODS We examined the structure and function of the entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway in response to developmental hypothyroidism induced using 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole. RESULTS 1,1´-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3´,3´-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate tract tracing indicated that entorhinal axons showed delayed growth in reaching the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus at postnatal days 2 and 4 in hypothyroid conditions. The proportion of fibers in the outer molecular layer was significantly smaller in the hypothyroid group than in the euthyroid group at postnatal day 4. At postnatal day 10, the pathway showed a layer-specific distribution in the outer molecular layer, similar to the euthyroid group. However, the projected area of entorhinal axons was smaller in the hypothyroid group than in the euthyroid group. An electrophysiological examination showed that hypothyroidism impaired the long-term potentiation of the perforant and the cornu ammonis 3-cornu ammonis 1 pathways. Many repulsive axon guidance molecules were involved in the formation of the entorhinaldentate gyrus pathway. The hypothyroid group had higher levels of erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte ligand A3 and semaphorin 3A than the euthyroid group. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that developmental hypothyroidism might influence the development of the entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway, contributing to impaired long-term potentiation. These findings improve our understanding of neural mechanisms for memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chifeng College Affiliated Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaochun Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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35
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Aoyama BB, Zanetti GG, Dias EV, Athié MCP, Lopes-Cendes I, Schwambach Vieira A. Transcriptomic analysis of dorsal and ventral subiculum after induction of acute seizures by electric stimulation of the perforant pathway in rats. Hippocampus 2022; 32:436-448. [PMID: 35343006 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Preconditioning is a mechanism in which injuries induced by non-lethal hypoxia or seizures trigger cellular resistance to subsequent events. Norwood et al., in a 2010 study, showed that an 8-h-long period of electrical stimulation of the perforant pathway in rats is required for the induction of hippocampal sclerosis. However, in order to avoid generalized seizures, status epilepticus (SE), and death, a state of resistance to seizures must be induced in the hippocampus by a preconditioning paradigm consisting of two daily 30-min stimulation periods. Due to the importance of the subiculum in the hippocampal formation, this study aims to investigate differential gene expression patterns in the dorsal and ventral subiculum using RNA-sequencing, after induction of a preconditioning protocol by electrical stimulation of the perforant pathway. The dorsal (dSub) and ventral (vSub) subiculum regions were collected by laser-microdissection 24 h after preconditioning protocol induction in rats. RNA sequencing was performed in a Hiseq 4000 platform, reads were aligned using the STAR and DESEq2 statistics package was used to estimate gene expression. We identified 1176 differentially expressed genes comparing control to preconditioned subiculum regions, 204 genes were differentially expressed in dSub and 972 in vSub. The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the most significant common enrichment pathway considering up-regulated genes in dSub and vSub was steroid metabolism. In contrast, the most significant enrichment pathway considering down-regulated genes in vSub was axon guidance. Our results indicate that preconditioning induces changes in the expression of genes related to synaptic reorganization, increased cholesterol metabolism, and astrogliosis in both dSub and vSub. Both regions also presented a decrease in the expression of genes related to glutamatergic transmission and an increase in expression of genes related to complement system activation and GABAergic transmission. The down-regulation of proapoptotic and axon guidance genes in the ventral subiculum suggests that preconditioning may induce a neuroprotective environment in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz B Aoyama
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G Zanetti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elayne V Dias
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C P Athié
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Schwambach Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Salimi M, Tabasi F, Abdolsamadi M, Dehghan S, Dehdar K, Nazari M, Javan M, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Raoufy MR. Disrupted connectivity in the olfactory bulb-entorhinal cortex-dorsal hippocampus circuit is associated with recognition memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4394. [PMID: 35292712 PMCID: PMC8924156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural synchrony in brain circuits is the mainstay of cognition, including memory processes. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that disrupts neural synchrony in specific circuits, associated with memory dysfunction before a substantial neural loss. Recognition memory impairment is a prominent cognitive symptom in the early stages of AD. The entorhinal–hippocampal circuit is critically engaged in recognition memory and is known as one of the earliest circuits involved due to AD pathology. Notably, the olfactory bulb is closely connected with the entorhinal–hippocampal circuit and is suggested as one of the earliest regions affected by AD. Therefore, we recorded simultaneous local field potential from the olfactory bulb (OB), entorhinal cortex (EC), and dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) to explore the functional connectivity in the OB-EC-dHPC circuit during novel object recognition (NOR) task performance in a rat model of AD. Animals that received amyloid-beta (Aβ) showed a significant impairment in task performance and a marked reduction in OB survived cells. We revealed that Aβ reduced coherence and synchrony in the OB-EC-dHPC circuit at theta and gamma bands during NOR performance. Importantly, our results exhibit that disrupted functional connectivity in the OB-EC-dHPC circuit was correlated with impaired recognition memory induced by Aβ. These findings can elucidate dynamic changes in neural activities underlying AD, helping to find novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Salimi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran
| | - Farhad Tabasi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abdolsamadi
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Dehghan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kolsoum Dehdar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Nazari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran. .,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Rivas-Fernández MÁ, Lindín M, Zurrón M, Díaz F, Aldrey-Vázquez JM, Pías-Peleteiro JM, Vázquez-Vázquez L, Pereiro AX, Lojo-Seoane C, Nieto-Vieites A, Galdo-Álvarez S. Brain Atrophy and Clinical Characterization of Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Different Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Profiles According to the AT(N) Research Framework of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:799347. [PMID: 35280203 PMCID: PMC8914376 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.799347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to evaluate, in adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the brain atrophy that may distinguish between three AT(N) biomarker-based profiles, and to determine its clinical value. Methods Structural MRI (sMRI) was employed to evaluate the volume and cortical thickness differences in MCI patients with different AT(N) profiles, namely, A−T−(N)−: normal AD biomarkers; A+T−(N)−: AD pathologic change; and A+T+(N)+: prodromal AD. Sensitivity and specificity of these changes were also estimated. Results An initial atrophy in medial temporal lobe (MTL) areas was found in the A+T−(N)− and A+T+(N)+ groups, spreading toward the parietal and frontal regions in A+T+(N)+ patients. These structural changes allowed distinguishing AT(N) profiles within the AD continuum; however, the profiles and their pattern of neurodegeneration were unsuccessful to determine the current clinical status. Conclusion sMRI is useful in the determination of the specific brain structural changes of AT(N) profiles along the AD continuum, allowing differentiation between MCI adults with or without pathological AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Rivas-Fernández
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- *Correspondence: Miguel Ángel Rivas-Fernández,
| | - Mónica Lindín
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montserrat Zurrón
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Manuel Aldrey-Vázquez
- Neurology Service, Santiago Clinic Hospital (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pías-Peleteiro
- Neurology Service, Santiago Clinic Hospital (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Vázquez-Vázquez
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Arturo Xosé Pereiro
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Lojo-Seoane
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Nieto-Vieites
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Santiago Galdo-Álvarez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Kim J, Park D, Seo NY, Yoon TH, Kim GH, Lee SH, Seo J, Um JW, Lee KJ, Ko J. LRRTM3 regulates activity-dependent synchronization of synapse properties in topographically connected hippocampal neural circuits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110196119. [PMID: 35022233 PMCID: PMC8784129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110196119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) organize the architecture and properties of neural circuits. However, whether synaptic CAMs are involved in activity-dependent remodeling of specific neural circuits is incompletely understood. Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein 3 (LRRTM3) is required for the excitatory synapse development of hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) granule neurons. Here, we report that Lrrtm3-deficient mice exhibit selective reductions in excitatory synapse density and synaptic strength in projections involving the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and DG granule neurons, accompanied by increased neurotransmitter release and decreased excitability of granule neurons. LRRTM3 deletion significantly reduced excitatory synaptic innervation of hippocampal mossy fibers (Mf) of DG granule neurons onto thorny excrescences in hippocampal CA3 neurons. Moreover, LRRTM3 loss in DG neurons significantly decreased mossy fiber long-term potentiation (Mf-LTP). Remarkably, silencing MEC-DG circuits protected against the decrease in the excitatory synaptic inputs onto DG and CA3 neurons, excitability of DG granule neurons, and Mf-LTP in Lrrtm3-deficient mice. These results suggest that LRRTM3 may be a critical factor in activity-dependent synchronization of the topography of MEC-DG-CA3 excitatory synaptic connections. Collectively, our data propose that LRRTM3 shapes the target-specific structural and functional properties of specific hippocampal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Dongseok Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Na-Young Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Neural Circuits Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Taek-Han Yoon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Neural Circuits Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Neural Circuits Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
- Brain Research Core Facilities, KBRI, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- Neural Circuits Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
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39
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Parallel processing of sensory cue and spatial information in the dentate gyrus. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110257. [PMID: 35045280 PMCID: PMC8918037 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During exploration, animals form an internal map of an environment by combining information about landmarks and the animal's movement, a process that depends on the hippocampus. The dentate gyrus (DG) is the first stage of the hippocampal circuit where self-motion ("where") and sensory cue information ("what") are integrated, but it remains unknown how DG neurons encode this information during cognitive map formation. Using two-photon calcium imaging in mice running on a treadmill along with online cue manipulation, we identify robust sensory cue responses in DG granule cells. Cue cell responses are stable, stimulus-specific, and accompanied by inhibition of nearby neurons. This demonstrates the existence of "cue cells" in addition to better characterized "place cells" in the DG. We hypothesize that the DG supports parallel channels of spatial and non-spatial information that contribute distinctly to downstream computations and affect roles of the DG in spatial navigation and episodic memory.
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40
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Villar-Conde S, Astillero-Lopez V, Villanueva-Anguita P, Ubeda-Banon I, Flores-Cuadrado A, Martinez-Marcos A, Saiz-Sanchez D. Neurodegeneration and Astrogliosis in the Human CA1 Hippocampal Subfield Are Related to hsp90ab1 and bag3 in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:165. [PMID: 35008592 PMCID: PMC8745315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by executive dysfunction and memory impairment mediated by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The hippocampus (HIPP) is essential for memory formation and is involved in early stages of disease. In fact, hippocampal atrophy is used as an early biomarker of neuronal injury and to evaluate disease progression. It is not yet well-understood whether changes in hippocampal volume are due to neuronal or glial loss. The aim of the study was to assess hippocampal atrophy and/or gliosis using unbiased stereological quantification and to obtain hippocampal proteomic profiles related to neurodegeneration and gliosis. Hippocampal volume measurement, stereological quantification of NeuN-, Iba-1- and GFAP-positive cells, and sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) analysis were performed in AD and non-AD cases. Reduced hippocampal volume was identified using the Cavalieri probe, particularly in the CA1 region, where it correlated with neuronal loss and astrogliosis. A total of 102 downregulated and 47 upregulated proteins were identified in the SWATH-MS analysis after restrictive filtering based on an FC > 1.5 and p value < 0.01. The Hsp90 family of chaperones, particularly BAG3 and HSP90AB1, are closely related to astrocytes, indicating a possible role in degrading Aβ and tau through chaperone-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- CRIB, Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (S.V.-C.); (V.A.-L.); (P.V.-A.); (I.U.-B.); (A.F.-C.)
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- CRIB, Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (S.V.-C.); (V.A.-L.); (P.V.-A.); (I.U.-B.); (A.F.-C.)
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41
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Motanis H, Khorasani LN, Giza CC, Harris NG. Peering into the Brain through the Retrosplenial Cortex to Assess Cognitive Function of the Injured Brain. Neurotrauma Rep 2021; 2:564-580. [PMID: 34901949 PMCID: PMC8655812 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2021.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is a posterior cortical area that has been drawing increasing interest in recent years, with a growing number of studies studying its contribution to cognitive and sensory functions. From an anatomical perspective, it has been established that the RSC is extensively and often reciprocally connected with the hippocampus, neocortex, and many midbrain regions. Functionally, the RSC is an important hub of the default-mode network. This endowment, with vast anatomical and functional connections, positions the RSC to play an important role in episodic memory, spatial and contextual learning, sensory-cognitive activities, and multi-modal sensory information processing and integration. Additionally, RSC dysfunction has been reported in cases of cognitive decline, particularly in Alzheimer's disease and stroke. We review the literature to examine whether the RSC can act as a cortical marker of persistent cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Because the RSC is easily accessible at the brain's surface using in vivo techniques, we argue that studying RSC network activity post-TBI can shed light into the mechanisms of less-accessible brain regions, such as the hippocampus. There is a fundamental gap in the TBI field about the microscale alterations occurring post-trauma, and by studying the RSC's neuronal activity at the cellular level we will be able to design better therapeutic tools. Understanding how neuronal activity and interactions produce normal and abnormal activity in the injured brain is crucial to understanding cognitive dysfunction. By using this approach, we expect to gain valuable insights to better understand brain disorders like TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Motanis
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Geffen Medical School, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Laila N. Khorasani
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Geffen Medical School, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher C. Giza
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Geffen Medical School, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Neil G. Harris
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Geffen Medical School, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- *Address correspondence to: Neil G. Harris, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Wasserman Building, 300 Stein Plaza, Room 551, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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42
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Di Castro MA, Volterra A. Astrocyte control of the entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus circuit: Relevance to cognitive processing and impairment in pathology. Glia 2021; 70:1536-1553. [PMID: 34904753 PMCID: PMC9299993 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus circuit is centrally involved in memory processing conveying to the hippocampus spatial and nonspatial context information via, respectively, medial and lateral perforant path (MPP and LPP) excitatory projections onto dentate granule cells (GCs). Here, we review work of several years from our group showing that astrocytes sense local synaptic transmission and exert in turn a presynaptic control at PP-GC synapses. Modulation of neurotransmitter release probability by astrocytes sets basal synaptic strength and dynamic range for long-term potentiation of PP-GC synapses. Intriguingly, this astrocyte control is circuit-specific, being present only at MPP-GC (not LPP-GC) synapses, which selectively express atypical presynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) suitable to activation by astrocyte-released glutamate. Moreover, the astrocytic control is peculiarly dependent on the cytokine TNFα, which at constitutive levels acts as a gating factor for the astrocyte signaling. During inflammation/infection processes, increased levels of TNFα lead to uncontrolled astrocyte glutamate release, altered PP-GC circuit processing and, ultimately, impaired contextual memory performance. The TNFα-dependent pathological switch of the synaptic control from astrocytes and its deleterious consequences are observed in animal models of HIV brain infection and multiple sclerosis, conditions both known to cause cognitive disturbances in up to 50% of patients. The review also discusses open issues related to the identified astrocytic pathway: its role in contextual memory processing, potential damaging role in Alzheimer's disease, the existence of vesicular glutamate release from DG astrocytes, and the possible synaptic-like connectivity between astrocytic output sites and PP receptive sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Amalia Di Castro
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Volterra
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Guzman SJ, Schlögl A, Espinoza C, Zhang X, Suter BA, Jonas P. How connectivity rules and synaptic properties shape the efficacy of pattern separation in the entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus-CA3 network. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 1:830-842. [PMID: 38217181 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-021-00157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Pattern separation is a fundamental brain computation that converts small differences in input patterns into large differences in output patterns. Several synaptic mechanisms of pattern separation have been proposed, including code expansion, inhibition and plasticity; however, which of these mechanisms play a role in the entorhinal cortex (EC)-dentate gyrus (DG)-CA3 circuit, a classical pattern separation circuit, remains unclear. Here we show that a biologically realistic, full-scale EC-DG-CA3 circuit model, including granule cells (GCs) and parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons (PV+-INs) in the DG, is an efficient pattern separator. Both external gamma-modulated inhibition and internal lateral inhibition mediated by PV+-INs substantially contributed to pattern separation. Both local connectivity and fast signaling at GC-PV+-IN synapses were important for maximum effectiveness. Similarly, mossy fiber synapses with conditional detonator properties contributed to pattern separation. By contrast, perforant path synapses with Hebbian synaptic plasticity and direct EC-CA3 connection shifted the network towards pattern completion. Our results demonstrate that the specific properties of cells and synapses optimize higher-order computations in biological networks and might be useful to improve the deep learning capabilities of technical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jose Guzman
- IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Espinoza
- IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Medical University of Austria, Division of Cognitive Neurobiology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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44
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Chung A, Jou C, Grau-Perales A, Levy E, Dvorak D, Hussain N, Fenton AA. Cognitive control persistently enhances hippocampal information processing. Nature 2021; 600:484-488. [PMID: 34759316 PMCID: PMC8872635 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Could learning that uses cognitive control to judiciously use relevant information while ignoring distractions generally improve brain function, beyond forming explicit memories? According to a neuroplasticity hypothesis for how some cognitive behavioural therapies are effective, cognitive control training (CCT) changes neural circuit information processing1-3. Here we investigated whether CCT persistently alters hippocampal neural circuit function. We show that mice learned and remembered a conditioned place avoidance during CCT that required ignoring irrelevant locations of shock. CCT facilitated learning new tasks in novel environments for several weeks, relative to unconditioned controls and control mice that avoided the same place during reduced distraction. CCT rapidly changes entorhinal cortex-to-dentate gyrus synaptic circuit function, resulting in an excitatory-inhibitory subcircuit change that persists for months. CCT increases inhibition that attenuates the dentate response to medial entorhinal cortical input, and through disinhibition, potentiates the response to strong inputs, pointing to overall signal-to-noise enhancement. These neurobiological findings support the neuroplasticity hypothesis that, as well as storing item-event associations, CCT persistently optimizes neural circuit information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ain Chung
- Center for Neural Science, New York University
| | - Claudia Jou
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York
| | | | - Eliott Levy
- Center for Neural Science, New York University
| | - Dino Dvorak
- Center for Neural Science, New York University
| | | | - André A. Fenton
- Center for Neural Science, New York University,Neuroscience Institute at the NYU Langone Medical Center
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45
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The Entorhinal Cortex and Adult Neurogenesis in Major Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111725. [PMID: 34769155 PMCID: PMC8583901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by impairments in adult neurogenesis. Reduced hippocampal function, which is suggestive of neurogenesis impairments, is associated with depression-related phenotypes. As adult neurogenesis operates in an activity-dependent manner, disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis in depression may be a consequence of neural circuitry impairments. In particular, the entorhinal cortex is known to have a regulatory effect on the neural circuitry related to hippocampal function and adult neurogenesis. However, a comprehensive understanding of how disruption of the neural circuitry can lead to neurogenesis impairments in depression remains unclear with respect to the regulatory role of the entorhinal cortex. This review highlights recent findings suggesting neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, with a focus on the potential role of the entorhinal cortex in hippocampal neurogenesis in depression-related cognitive and emotional phenotypes. Taken together, these findings may provide a better understanding of the entorhinal cortex-regulated hippocampal neurogenesis model of depression.
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46
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Computational modeling of seizure spread on a cortical surface. J Comput Neurosci 2021; 50:17-31. [PMID: 34686937 PMCID: PMC8818012 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-021-00802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the field of computational epilepsy, neural field models helped to understand some large-scale features of seizure dynamics. These insights however remain on general levels, without translation to the clinical settings via personalization of the model with the patient-specific structure. In particular, a link was suggested between epileptic seizures spreading across the cortical surface and the so-called theta-alpha activity (TAA) pattern seen on intracranial electrographic signals, yet this link was not demonstrated on a patient-specific level. Here we present a single patient computational study linking the seizure spreading across the patient-specific cortical surface with a specific instance of the TAA pattern recorded in the patient. Using the realistic geometry of the cortical surface we perform the simulations of seizure dynamics in The Virtual Brain platform, and we show that the simulated electrographic signals qualitatively agree with the recorded signals. Furthermore, the comparison with the simulations performed on surrogate surfaces reveals that the best quantitative fit is obtained for the real surface. The work illustrates how the patient-specific cortical geometry can be utilized in The Virtual Brain for personalized model building, and the importance of such approach.
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47
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Tosches MA. From Cell Types to an Integrated Understanding of Brain Evolution: The Case of the Cerebral Cortex. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 37:495-517. [PMID: 34416113 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120319-112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With the discovery of the incredible diversity of neurons, Cajal and coworkers laid the foundation of modern neuroscience. Neuron types are not only structural units of nervous systems but also evolutionary units, because their identities are encoded in the genome. With the advent of high-throughput cellular transcriptomics, neuronal identities can be characterized and compared systematically across species. The comparison of neurons in mammals, reptiles, and birds indicates that the mammalian cerebral cortex is a mosaic of deeply conserved and recently evolved neuron types. Using the cerebral cortex as a case study, this review illustrates how comparing neuron types across species is key to reconciling observations on neural development, neuroanatomy, circuit wiring, and physiology for an integrated understanding of brain evolution.
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48
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Oulé M, Atucha E, Wells TM, Macharadze T, Sauvage MM, Kreutz MR, Lopez-Rojas J. Dendritic Kv4.2 potassium channels selectively mediate spatial pattern separation in the dentate gyrus. iScience 2021; 24:102876. [PMID: 34386734 PMCID: PMC8346659 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity to distinguish comparable experiences is fundamental for the recall of similar memories and has been proposed to require pattern separation in the dentate gyrus (DG). However, the cellular mechanisms by which mature granule cells (GCs) of the DG accomplish this function are poorly characterized. Here, we show that Kv4.2 channels selectively modulate the excitability of medial dendrites of dentate GCs. These dendrites are targeted by the medial entorhinal cortex, the main source of spatial inputs to the DG. Accordingly, we found that the spatial pattern separation capability of animals lacking the Kv4.2 channel is significantly impaired. This points to the role of intrinsic excitability in supporting the mnemonic function of the dentate and to the Kv4.2 channel as a candidate substrate promoting spatial pattern separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Oulé
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Erika Atucha
- Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tenyse M. Wells
- Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tamar Macharadze
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena M. Sauvage
- Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Functional Neuroplasticity Department, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R. Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Lopez-Rojas
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, The Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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49
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Fluoxetine exerts subregion/layer specific effects on parvalbumin/GAD67 protein expression in the dorsal hippocampus of male rats showing social isolation-induced depressive-like behaviour. Brain Res Bull 2021; 173:174-183. [PMID: 34048829 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular background of depression is intensively studied in terms of alterations of inhibitory circuits, mediated by gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalization. We investigated the effects of chronic social isolation (CSIS) and chronic fluoxetine (Flx) treatment (15 mg/kg/day) (3 weeks), on Parvalbumin (PV) and GAD67 expression in a layer-specific manner in rat dorsal hippocampal subregions. CSIS-induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviours were confirmed with decrease in sucrose preference and increase in marble burying during behavioural testing, while Flx antagonized these effects. CSIS altered PV expression in stratum pyramidale (SP) of dorsal cornu ammonis 1 (dCA1) and stratum radiatum (SR) of dCA3. Flx antagonized this effect, and boosted PV expression in SP of the entire dCA and the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG), as well as in the SR of dCA1/CA3. CSIS showed no significant effects on GAD67 expression, while Flx boosted its expression within the SR of the entire CA and SO of the dCA3. A correlation between SP of dCA1 and SR of dCA3 with regard to PV changes, implicates their possible role in the inhibitory circuit alterations. Flx-induced increase in GAD67 expression, specifically in SR of the entire dHIPP, may impose its involvement in the cell metabolic processes. Strong negative correlation between GAD67 and sucrose preference following Flx-treatment of CSIS rats was revealed. PV + cells of the SP layer of dCA1 and CA2 could be a potential target for the antidepressant action of Flx, while strong effect of Flx on GAD67 expression in the SR should be more extensively studied.
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50
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Hoffman AF, Hwang EK, Lupica CR. Impairment of Synaptic Plasticity by Cannabis, Δ 9-THC, and Synthetic Cannabinoids. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a039743. [PMID: 32341064 PMCID: PMC8091957 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of neurons to dynamically and flexibly encode synaptic inputs via short- and long-term plasticity is critical to an organism's ability to learn and adapt to the environment. Whereas synaptic plasticity may be encoded by pre- or postsynaptic mechanisms, current evidence suggests that optimization of learning requires both forms of plasticity. Endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) play critical roles in modulating synaptic transmission via activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) in many central nervous system (CNS) regions, and the eCB system has been implicated, either directly or indirectly, in several forms of synaptic plasticity. Because of this, perturbations within the eCB signaling system can lead to impairments in a variety of learned behaviors. One agent of altered eCB signaling is exposure to "exogenous cannabinoids" such as the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis, Δ9-THC, or illicit synthetic cannabinoids that in many cases have higher potency and efficacy than Δ9-THC. Thus, by targeting the eCB system, these agonists can produce widespread impairment of synaptic plasticity by disrupting ongoing eCB function. Here, we review studies in which Δ9-THC and synthetic cannabinoids impair synaptic plasticity in a variety of neuronal circuits and examine evidence that this contributes to their well-documented ability to disrupt cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F Hoffman
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Eun-Kyung Hwang
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Carl R Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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