1
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Fu X, Li X, Wang W, Li J. DPP3 promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis by stabilizing FASN and promoting lipid synthesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:805-818. [PMID: 38655619 PMCID: PMC11177116 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
DPP3, a dipeptidyl peptidase, participates in a variety of pathophysiological processes. DPP3 is upregulated in cancer and might serve as a key factor in the tumorigenesis and progression of various malignancies. However, its specific role and molecular mechanism are still unknown. In this study, the expression of DPP3 in breast cancer tissues is analyzed using TCGA database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis is performed to estimate the effect of DPP3 on the survival outcomes. To explore the biological function and mechanisms of DPP3 in breast cancer, biochemical and cell biology assays are conducted in vitro. DPP3 expresses at a higher level in breast cancer tissues than that in adjacent tissues in both TCGA database and clinical samples. Patients with high expression of DPP3 have poor survival outcomes. The proliferation and migration abilities of tumor cells with stable DPP3 knockout in breast cancer cell lines are significantly inhibited, and apoptosis is increased in vitro. GSEA analysis shows that DPP3 can affect lipid metabolism and fatty acid synthesis in tumors. Subsequent experiments show that DPP3 could stabilize FASN expression and thus promote fatty acid synthesis in tumor cells. The results of the metabolomic analysis also confirm that DPP3 can affect the content of free fatty acids. This study demonstrates that DPP3 plays a role in the reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in tumors and is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. These findings will provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China
- Department of General SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China
| | - Xu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China
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2
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Arora M, Kumari S, Kadian L, Anupa G, Singh J, Kumar A, Verma D, Pramanik R, Kumar S, Yadav R, Chopra A, Chauhan S. Involvement of DPP3 in modulating oncological features and oxidative stress response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20222472. [PMID: 37531267 PMCID: PMC10500228 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a critical clinical problem and identification of novel therapeutic targets is highly warranted. Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP3) is a zinc-dependent aminopeptidase and functions in the terminal stages of the protein turnover. Several studies have reported overexpression and oncogenic functions of DPP3 in numerous malignancies. The present study aimed to determine the expression pattern and functional role of DPP3 in ESCC. DPP3 expression was assessed in normal and tumor tissues using quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR and corroborated with ESCC gene expression datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The cancer genome atlas (TCGA). DPP3 stable knockdown was performed in ESCC cells by shRNA and its effect on cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, apoptosis, and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway was assessed. The results suggested that DPP3 is overexpressed in ESCC and its knockdown leads to reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and inhibited migration of ESCC cells. Additionally, DPP3 knockdown leads to down-regulation of the NRF2 pathway proteins, such as NRF2, G6PD, and NQO1 along with increased sensitivity toward oxidative stress-induced cell death and chemotherapy. Conclusively, these results demonstrate critical role of DPP3 in ESCC and DPP3/NRF2 axis may serve as an attractive therapeutic target against chemoresistance in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokesh Kadian
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Geethadevi Anupa
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S. Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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3
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Agić D, Karnaš M, Tomić S, Komar M, Karačić Z, Rastija V, Bešlo D, Šubarić D, Molnar M. Experimental and computational evaluation of dipeptidyl peptidase III inhibitors based on quinazolinone-Schiff's bases. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7567-7581. [PMID: 36106968 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2123044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is a zinc-dependent enzyme that sequentially hydrolyzes biologically active peptides by cleaving dipeptides from their N-termini. Although its fundamental role is not been fully elucidated, human DPP III (hDPP III) has been recognized in several pathophysiological processes of interest for drug development. In this article 27 quinazolinone-Schiff's bases were studied for their inhibitory activity against hDPP III combining an in vitro experiment with a computational approach. The biochemical assay showed that most compounds exhibited inhibitory activity at the 100 μM concentration. The best QSAR model included descriptors from the following 2D descriptor groups: information content indices, 2D autocorrelations, and edge adjacency indices. Five compounds were found to be the most potent inhibitors with IC50 values below 10 µM, while molecular docking predicted that these compounds bind to the central enzyme cleft and interact with residues of the substrate binding subsites. Molecular dynamics simulations of the most potent inhibitor (IC50=0.96 µM) provided valuable information explaining the role of PHE109, ARG319, GLU327, GLU329, and ILE386 in the mechanism of the inhibitor binding and stabilization. This is the first study that gives insight into quinazolinone-Schiff's bases binding to this metalloenzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Agić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Karnaš
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Divison of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Komar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Karačić
- Divison of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Drago Bešlo
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Šubarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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4
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Noei-Khesht Masjedi M, Asgari Y, Sadroddiny E. Differential expression analysis in epithelial ovarian cancer using functional genomics and integrated bioinformatics approaches. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2023.101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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5
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Structural and Functional Characterization of a New Bacterial Dipeptidyl Peptidase III Involved in Fruiting Body Formation in Myxobacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010631. [PMID: 36614072 PMCID: PMC9820243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is a zinc-dependent enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminal of different-length peptides, and it is involved in a number of physiological processes. Here, DPP III with an atypical pentapeptide zinc binding motif (HELMH) was identified from Corallococcus sp. EGB. It was shown that the activity of recombined CoDPP III was optimal at 50 °C and pH 7.0 with high thermostability up to 60 °C. Unique to CoDPP III, the crystal structure of the ligand-free enzyme was determined as a dimeric and closed form. The relatively small inter-domain cleft creates a narrower entrance to the substrate binding site and the unfavorable binding of the bulky naphthalene ring. The ectopic expression of CoDPP III in M. xanthus DK1622 resulted in a 12 h head start in fruiting body development compared with the wild type. Additionally, the A-signal prepared from the starving DK1622-CoDPP III rescued the developmental defect of the asgA mutant, and the fruiting bodies were more numerous and closely packed. Our data suggested that CoDPP III played a role in the fruiting body development of myxobacteria through the accumulation of peptides and amino acids to act as the A-signal.
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6
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Ye P, Duan W, Leng YQ, Wang YK, Tan X, Wang WZ. DPP3: From biomarker to therapeutic target of cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:974035. [PMID: 36312232 PMCID: PMC9605584 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.974035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally among non-communicable diseases, which imposes a serious socioeconomic burden on patients and the healthcare system. Therefore, finding new strategies for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases is of great significance in reducing the number of deaths and disabilities worldwide. Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) is the first zinc-dependent peptidase found among DPPs, mainly distributes within the cytoplasm. With the unique HEXXGH catalytic sequence, it is associated with the degradation of oligopeptides with 4 to 10 amino acids residues. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that DPP3 plays a significant role in almost all cellular activities and pathophysiological mechanisms. Regarding the role of DPP3 in cardiovascular diseases, it is currently mainly used as a biomarker for poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases, suggesting that the level of DPP3 concentration in plasma is closely linked to the mortality of diseases such as cardiogenic shock and heart failure. Interestingly, it has been reported recently that DPP3 regulates blood pressure by interacting with the renin-angiotensin system. In addition, DPP3 also participates in the processes of pain signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. But the exact mechanism by which DPP3 affects cardiovascular function is not clear. Hence, this review summarizes the recent advances in the structure and catalytic activity of DPP3 and its extensive biological functions, especially its role as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. It will provide a theoretical basis for exploring the potential value of DPP3 as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiology Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue-Qi Leng
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China,Xing Tan
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Wei-Zhong Wang
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7
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Karačić Z, Šupljika F, Tomić A, Brkljačić L, Paić AT, Ćehić M, Tomić S. Neuropeptides, substrates and inhibitors of human dipeptidyl peptidase III, experimental and computational study - A new substrate identified. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:1390-1401. [PMID: 36116590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is a cytosolic, two-domain zinc-exopeptidase. It is widely distributed in mammalian tissues, where it's involved in the final steps of normal intracellular protein degradation. However, its pronounced affinity for some bioactive peptides (angiotensins, enkephalins, and endomorphins) suggests more specific functions such as blood pressure regulation and involvement in pain regulation. We have investigated several different neuropeptides as potential substrates and inhibitors of human DPP III. The binding affinities and kinetic data determined by isothermal titration calorimetry, in combination with measurements of enzyme inhibition identified the hemorphin-related valorphin, tynorphin, S-tynorphin, and I-tynorphin as the most potent inhibitors of DPP III (actually slow substrates), whereas hemorphin-4 proved to be the best substrate of all neuropeptides examined. In addition, we have shown that the neuropeptides valorphin, Leu-valorphin-Arg, and the opioid peptide β-casomorphin, are DPP III substrates. The molecular modelling of selected peptides shows uniform binding to the lower domain β-strand residues of DPP III via peptide backbone atoms, but also previously unrecognized stabilizing interactions with conserved residues of the metal-binding site and catalytic machinery in the upper domain. The computational data helped explain the differences between substrates that are hydrolyzed effectively and those hydrolysed slowly by DPP III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Karačić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Filip Šupljika
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Antonija Tomić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lidija Brkljačić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ana Tomašić Paić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mirsada Ćehić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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8
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Kropotova ES, Pavlova EN, Naryzhny SN, Mosevitsky MI. Dipeptidylamino-tripeptidylcarboxypeptidase NEMP3 and DPP3 (DPP III) are the same protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 616:110-114. [PMID: 35653825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Earlier it was shown that a group of extracellular low-specific metallopeptidases is present in the mammalian brain Kropotova and Mosevitsky (2016) [1]. These enzymes are weakly connected to the axonal ends of neurons. They were named Neuron bound Extracellular MetalloPeptidases (NEMP). The enzyme named NEMP3 turned out to be a unique exopeptidase that exhibits two activities: it removes the dipeptide from the N-end of the peptide, and it can also remove the tripeptide from the C-end of the peptide. Therefore, NEMP3 possesses the activities of dipeptidylaminopeptidase and of tripeptidylcarboxypeptidase. Mass spectrometry has revealed a homology of NEMP3 with DPP3 (DPP III, EC3.4.14.4), known as cytosolic dipeptidylaminopeptidase. We isolated DPP3 from rat and bovine liver and brain by the procedures used for this purpose by other authors. The effect of DPP3 on test peptides is the same as that of NEMP3. In particular, all DPP3 samples delete the tripeptide (AKF) from the C-end of the test peptide blocked at the N-end. The data obtained show that NEMP3 and DPP3 are the same protein (enzyme). Thus, DPP3 has two exopeptidase activities: the previously known activity of dipeptidylaminopeptidase and the activity of tripeptidylcarboxypeptidase discovered in this study. Another discovery is the extracellular activity of DPP 3 in the mammalian brain near synapses, which controls neuropeptides. DPP3 is involved in various processes, but in many cases its role remains to be clarified. The results obtained in this study will be useful for solving these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Kropotova
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Natural Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina N Pavlova
- Laboratory of Natural Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav N Naryzhny
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation
| | - Mark I Mosevitsky
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Natural Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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9
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Survey of Dipeptidyl Peptidase III Inhibitors: From Small Molecules of Microbial or Synthetic Origin to Aprotinin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27093006. [PMID: 35566358 PMCID: PMC9101112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) was originally thought to be a housekeeping enzyme that contributes to intracellular peptide catabolism. More specific roles for this cytosolic metallopeptidase, in the renin-angiotensin system and oxidative stress regulation, were confirmed, or recognized, only recently. To prove indicated (patho)physiological functions of DPP III in cancer progression, cataract formation and endogenous pain modulation, or to reveal new ones, selective and potent inhibitors are needed. This review encompasses natural and synthetic compounds with experimentally proven inhibitory activity toward mammalian DPP III. Except for the polypeptide aprotinin, all others are small molecules and include flavonoids, coumarin and benzimidazole derivatives. Presented are current strategies for the discovery or development of DPP III inhibitors, and mechanisms of inhibitory actions. The most potent inhibitors yet reported (propioxatin A and B, Tyr-Phe- and Phe-Phe-NHOH, and JMV-390) are active in low nanomolar range and contain hydroxamic acid moiety. High inhibitory potential possesses oligopeptides from the hemorphin group, valorphin and tynorphin, which are poor substrates of DPP III. The crystal structure of human DPP III-tynorphin complex enabled the design of the transition-state peptidomimetics inhibitors, effective in low micromolar concentrations. A new direction in the field is the development of fluorescent inhibitor for monitoring DPP III activity.
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Malovan G, Hierzberger B, Suraci S, Schaefer M, Santos K, Jha S, Macheroux P. The emerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase 3 in pathophysiology. FEBS J 2022; 290:2246-2262. [PMID: 35278345 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3), a zinc-dependent aminopeptidase, is a highly conserved enzyme among higher animals. The enzyme cleaves dipeptides from the N-terminus of tetra- to decapeptides, thereby taking part in activation as well as degradation of signalling peptides critical in physiological and pathological processes such as blood pressure regulation, nociception, inflammation and cancer. Besides its catalytic activity, DPP3 moonlights as a regulator of the cellular oxidative stress response pathway, e.g., the Keap1-Nrf2 mediated antioxidative response. The enzyme is also recognized as a key modulator of the renin-angiotensin system. Recently, DPP3 has been attracting growing attention within the scientific community, which has significantly augmented our knowledge of its physiological relevance. Herein, we review recent advances in our understanding of the structure and catalytic activity of DPP3, with a focus on attributing its molecular architecture and catalytic mechanism to its wide-ranging biological functions. We further highlight recent intriguing reports that implicate a broader role for DPP3 as a valuable biomarker in cardiovascular and renal pathologies and furthermore discuss its potential as a promising drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Malovan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | | | - Samuele Suraci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maximilian Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.,4TEEN4 Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany.,Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Shalinee Jha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria
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11
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Interdisciplinary Study of the Effects of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase III Cancer Mutations on the KEAP1-NRF2 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041994. [PMID: 35216111 PMCID: PMC8878202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is associated with cancer progression via interaction with KEAP1, leading to upregulation of the KEAP1-NRF2 oxidative stress pathway. Numerous DPP III mutations have been found in human tumor genomes, and it is suggested that some of them may alter affinity for KEAP1. One such example is the DPP III-R623W variant, which in our previous study showed much higher affinity for the Kelch domain of KEAP1 than the wild-type protein. In this work, we have investigated the effects of this mutation in cultured cells and the effects of several other DPP III mutations on the stability of KEAP1-DPP III complex using an interdisciplinary approach combining biochemical, biophysical and molecular biology methods with computational studies. We determined the affinity of the DPP III variants for the Kelch domain experimentally and by molecular modeling, as well as the effects of the R623W on the expression of several NRF2-controlled genes. We confirmed that the R623W variant upregulates NQO1 expression at the transcriptional level. This supports the hypothesis from our previous study that the increased affinity of the R623W variant for KEAP1 leads to upregulation of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway. These results provide a new perspective on the involvement of DPP III in cancer progression and prognosis.
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12
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Tomić A, Tomić S. Demystifying DPP III Catalyzed Peptide Hydrolysis—Computational Study of the Complete Catalytic Cycle of Human DPP III Catalyzed Tynorphin Hydrolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031858. [PMID: 35163780 PMCID: PMC8836397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptides III (DPP III) is a dual-domain zinc exopeptidase that hydrolyzes peptides of varying sequence and size. Despite attempts to elucidate and narrow down the broad substrate-specificity of DPP III, there is no explanation as to why some of them, such as tynorphin (VVYPW), the truncated form of the endogenous heptapeptide spinorphin, are the slow-reacting substrates of DPP III compared to others, such as Leu-enkephalin. Using quantum molecular mechanics calculations followed by various molecular dynamics techniques, we describe for the first time the entire catalytic cycle of human DPP III, providing theoretical insight into the inhibitory mechanism of tynorphin. The chemical step of peptide bond hydrolysis and the substrate binding to the active site of the enzyme and release of the product were described for DPP III in complex with tynorphin and Leu-enkephalin and their products. We found that tynorphin is cleaved by the same reaction mechanism determined for Leu-enkephalin. More importantly, we showed that the product stabilization and regeneration of the enzyme, but not the nucleophilic attack of the catalytic water molecule and inversion at the nitrogen atom of the cleavable peptide bond, correspond to the rate-determining steps of the overall catalytic cycle of the enzyme.
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13
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Tomić A, Brkić H, Matić A, Tomić S. Unravelling the inhibitory zinc ion binding site and the metal exchange mechanism in human DPP III. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13267-13275. [PMID: 34095907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01302e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III), a zinc-dependent exopeptidase, is widely distributed in organisms and present in almost all human tissues. In addition to its involvement in protein catabolism, it plays a role in oxidative stress and blood pressure regulation, and there is evidence of its involvement in pain modulation. Excess zinc ions have been found to inhibit its hydrolytic activity, but the binding affinity, binding site geometry, and mechanism of inhibitory activity have been unknown. Using several different computational approaches, we determined the inhibitory zinc ion binding site, its coordination and relative binding affinity. During some simulations the translocation of the zinc ion from the inhibitory to the catalytic binding site was observed, accompanied by movement of the catalytic zinc ion toward the exit of the substrate binding site. The traced behavior suggests an associative type of metal ion exchange, in which the formation of the ternary complex between enzyme and two metal ions precedes the exit of the catalytic metal ion. Differently from our previous findings that binding of a peptide induces partial opening of hDPP III, the globularity of the protein did not change in MD simulations of the hermorphin-like peptide bound to hDPP III with two zinc ions. However, the entrance to the interdomain cleft widens during Zn diffusion into the protein and was found to be the highest energy barrier in the process of metal translocation from the solvent to the active site. Finally, we discuss why excess zinc reduces enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Tomić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Croatia.
| | - Hrvoje Brkić
- J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Croatia and J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Croatia
| | - Antonia Matić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Croatia.
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Croatia.
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14
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Agić D, Karnaš M, Šubarić D, Lončarić M, Tomić S, Karačić Z, Bešlo D, Rastija V, Molnar M, Popović BM, Lisjak M. Coumarin Derivatives Act as Novel Inhibitors of Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase III: Combined In Vitro and In Silico Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060540. [PMID: 34198854 PMCID: PMC8229952 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III), a zinc-dependent exopeptidase, is a member of the metalloproteinase family M49 with distribution detected in almost all forms of life. Although the physiological role of human DPP III (hDPP III) is not yet fully elucidated, its involvement in pathophysiological processes such as mammalian pain modulation, blood pressure regulation, and cancer processes, underscores the need to find new hDPP III inhibitors. In this research, five series of structurally different coumarin derivatives were studied to provide a relationship between their inhibitory profile toward hDPP III combining an in vitro assay with an in silico molecular modeling study. The experimental results showed that 26 of the 40 tested compounds exhibited hDPP III inhibitory activity at a concentration of 10 µM. Compound 12 (3-benzoyl-7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one) proved to be the most potent inhibitor with IC50 value of 1.10 μM. QSAR modeling indicates that the presence of larger substituents with double and triple bonds and aromatic hydroxyl groups on coumarin derivatives increases their inhibitory activity. Docking predicts that 12 binds to the region of inter-domain cleft of hDPP III while binding mode analysis obtained by MD simulations revealed the importance of 7-OH group on the coumarin core as well as enzyme residues Ile315, Ser317, Glu329, Phe381, Pro387, and Ile390 for the mechanism of the binding pattern and compound 12 stabilization. The present investigation, for the first time, provides an insight into the inhibitory effect of coumarin derivatives on this human metalloproteinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Agić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.K.); (D.Š.); (D.B.); (V.R.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maja Karnaš
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.K.); (D.Š.); (D.B.); (V.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Domagoj Šubarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.K.); (D.Š.); (D.B.); (V.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Melita Lončarić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.T.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zrinka Karačić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.T.); (Z.K.)
| | - Drago Bešlo
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.K.); (D.Š.); (D.B.); (V.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.K.); (D.Š.); (D.B.); (V.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Boris M. Popović
- Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Miroslav Lisjak
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.K.); (D.Š.); (D.B.); (V.R.); (M.L.)
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15
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Tong Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Zeng X, Yan M, Xia Z, Lai D. DPP3/CDK1 contributes to the progression of colorectal cancer through regulating cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and cell migration. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:529. [PMID: 34023852 PMCID: PMC8141054 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
At present, colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a serious threat to human health in the world. Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) is a zinc-dependent hydrolase that may be involved in several physiological processes. However, whether DPP3 affects the development and progression of CRC remains a mystery. This study is the first to demonstrate the role of DPP3 in CRC. Firstly, the results of immunohistochemistry analysis showed the upregulation of DPP3 in CRC tissues compared with normal tissues, which is statistically analyzed to be positively correlated with lymphatic metastasis, pathological stage, positive number of lymph nodes. Moreover, the high expression of DPP3 predicts poor prognosis in CRC patients. In addition, the results of cell dysfunction experiments clarified that the downregulation of DPP3 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, and promoted apoptosis in vitro. DPP3 depletion could induce cell apoptosis by upregulating the expression of BID, BIM, Caspase3, Caspase8, HSP60, p21, p27, p53, and SMAC. In addition, downregulation of DPP3 can reduce tumorigenicity of CRC cells in vivo. Furthermore, CDK1 is determined to be a downstream target of DPP3-mediated regulation of CRC by RNA-seq, qPCR, and WB. The interaction between DPP3 and CDK1 shows mutual regulation. Specifically, downregulation of DPP3 can accentuate the effects of CDK1 knockdown on the function of CRC cells. Overexpression of CDK1 alleviates the inhibitory effects of DPP3 knockdown in CRC cells. In summary, DPP3 has oncogene-like functions in the development and progression of CRC by targeting CDK1, which may be an effective molecular target for the prognosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Tong
- Department of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University, 1095 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangtai Zeng
- Department of The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, 23 Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mei Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongsheng Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Dongming Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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16
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Matić S, Kekez I, Tomin M, Bogár F, Šupljika F, Kazazić S, Hanić M, Jha S, Brkić H, Bourgeois B, Madl T, Gruber K, Macheroux P, Matković-Čalogović D, Matovina M, Tomić S. Binding of dipeptidyl peptidase III to the oxidative stress cell sensor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 is a two-step process. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6870-6881. [PMID: 32811353 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1804455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This work is about synergy of theory and experiment in revealing mechanism of binding of dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), the main cellular sensor of oxidative stress. The NRF2 ̶ KEAP1 signaling pathway is important for cell protection, but it is also impaired in many cancer cells where NRF2 target gene expression leads to resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. DPP III competitively binds to KEAP1 in the conditions of oxidative stress and induces release of NRF2 and its translocation into nucleus. The binding is established mainly through the ETGE motif of DPP III and the Kelch domain of KEAP1. However, although part of a flexible loop, ETGE itself is firmly attached to the DPP III surface by strong hydrogen bonds. Using combined computational and experimental study, we found that DPP III ̶ Kelch binding is a two-step process comprising the endergonic loop detachment and exergonic DPP III ̶ Kelch interaction. Substitution of arginines, which keep the ETGE motif attached, decreases the work needed for its release and increases DPP III ̶ Kelch binding affinity. Interestingly, mutations of one of these arginine residues have been reported in cBioPortal for cancer genomics, implicating its possible involvement in cancer development. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Matić
- Divison of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kekez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Tomin
- Divison of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ferenc Bogár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Filip Šupljika
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Kazazić
- Divison of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Hanić
- Divison of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Shalinee Jha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Hrvoje Brkić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Benjamin Bourgeois
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology & BiocBioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology & BiocBioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Mihaela Matovina
- Divison of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Divison of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Kaufmann P, Muenzner M, Kästorf M, Santos K, Hartmann T, Dienelt A, Rehfeld L, Bergmann A. A novel and highly efficient purification procedure for native human dipeptidyl peptidase 3 from human blood cell lysate. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220866. [PMID: 31390378 PMCID: PMC6685676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl amino-peptidase 3 (DPP3) is an aminopeptidase involved in peptide degradation, including hormone peptides as angiotensin II and enkephalins. DPP3 plasma activity increases in septic patients and correlates with mortality risk. However, the exact physiological role of DPP3 remains unclear and animal studies are necessary to reveal the function of DPP3 in vivo. To this demand, we developed a two-step purification procedure for isolation of native human DPP3 from blood cell lysate (BCL) that is suitable for in vivo applications. With the use of monoclonal antibodies coupled to beads in combination with an ion-exchange chromatography, we recovered 68% of human DPP3 activity from BCL with a purity of ≥ 95%. Purified human DPP3 was assayed for activity and protein concentration using recently published DPP3-activity- and immunoassays. Additionally, protein stability and storage in relevant buffers were tested. Our results provide a promising strategy for fast and efficient isolation of human DPP3. The purified human DPP3 represents the native state of DPP3, suitable for future in vivo applications to investigate the physiological role of DPP3 and its involvement in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anke Dienelt
- Sphingotec Therapeutics GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany
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18
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Zadeh Fakhar HB, Zali H, Rezaie-Tavirani M, Darkhaneh RF, Babaabasi B. Proteome profiling of low grade serous ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:64. [PMID: 31315664 PMCID: PMC6637464 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serous carcinoma, the subtype of ovarian cancer has the highest occurrence and mortality in women. Proteomic profiling using mass spectrometry (MS) has been used to detect biomarkers in tissue s obtained from patients with ovarian cancer. Thus, this study aimed at analyzing the interactome (protein-protein interaction (PPI)) and (MS) data to inspect PPI networks in patients with Low grade serous ovarian cancer. Methods For proteome profiling in Low grade serous ovarian cancer, 2DE and mass spectrometry were used. Differentially expressed proteins which had been determined in Low grade serous ovarian cancer and experimental group separately were integrated with PPI data to construct the (QQPPI) networks. Results Six Hub-bottlenecks proteins with significant centrality values, based on centrality parameters of the network (Degree and between), were found including Transgelin (TAGLN), Keratin (KRT14), Single peptide match to actin, cytoplasmic 1(ACTB), apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), and Haptoglobin (HP). Discussion This study showed these six proteins were introduced as hub-bottleneck protein. It can be concluded that regulation of gene expression can have a critical role in the pathology of Low-grade serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Babak Babaabasi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Walewski J, Paszkiewicz-Kozik E, Borsaru G, Hellmann A, Janikova A, Warszewska A, Mais A, Ammendola A, Herz T, Krauss B, Henning SW. Resminostat in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: results of the phase II SAPHIRE study. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:675-684. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1492122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Walewski
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ewa Paszkiewicz-Kozik
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Hellmann
- Department for Hematology and Transplantology, University Clinical Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrea Janikova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Warszewska
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Mais
- 4SC AG, Martinsried, Planegg, Germany
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20
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Tomić A, Kovačević B, Tomić S. Concerted nitrogen inversion and hydrogen bonding to Glu451 are responsible for protein-controlled suppression of the reverse reaction in human DPP III. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:27245-27256. [PMID: 27711538 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04580d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human dipeptidyl-peptidase III (h.DPP III) is a zinc-exopeptidase that hydrolyses dipeptides from the N-terminus of its substrates. Its mechanism of action was assumed to be similar to that of thermolysin, but was never thoroughly investigated. This study presents the first insight into the reaction mechanism of h.DPP III, determined on the model and real (hydrated enzyme with Leu-enkephalin bound in the active site) systems. The Glu451-assisted water addition on amide carbon atoms and nitrogen inversion (i.e. change of pyramidalization on the leaving nitrogen) are shown to be the rate-determining steps with the activation energies in a good agreement with the experimental results for the Leu-enkephalin hydrolysis. The energy barrier for nucleophilic attack is about 28 kJ mol-1, while barriers for the N-inversion differ as a consequence of the number of hydrogen bonds that have to be changed, which is smaller in the model active site than in the solvated enzyme. Although precisely defined geometry of the enzyme binding site puts an additional restraint on the hydrogen bonding interactions, at the same time it stimulates the forward reaction towards the final hydrolytic product. Namely, different from the model, the N-inversion is in a concerted fashion followed by favourable hydrogen bonding with Glu451 that immediately "locks" the system into the configuration where reversion to the enzyme-substrate complex is hardly achievable. Therefore we propose that the functional significance of DPP III is dual: to lower the energy barrier of the peptide hydrolysis and to suppress the reverse reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tomić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - B Kovačević
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - S Tomić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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21
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Kazazić S, Karačić Z, Sabljić I, Agić D, Tomin M, Abramić M, Dadlez M, Tomić A, Tomić S. Conservation of the conformational dynamics and ligand binding within M49 enzyme family. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13310-13322. [PMID: 35542530 PMCID: PMC9079729 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13059g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was employed to investigate conformational dynamics and ligand binding within the M49 family (dipeptidyl peptidase III family). Six dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) orthologues, human, yeast, three bacterial and one plant (moss) were studied. According to the results, all orthologues seem to be quite compact wherein DPP III from the thermophile Caldithrix abyssi seems to be the most compact. The protected regions are located within the two domains core and the overall flexibility profile consistent with semi-closed conformation as the dominant protein form in solution. Besides conservation of conformational dynamics within the M49 family, we also investigated the ligand, pentapeptide tynorphin, binding. By comparing HDX data obtained for unliganded protein with those obtained for its complex with tynorphin it was found that the ligand binding mode is conserved within the family. Tynorphin binds within inter-domain cleft, close to the lower domain β-core and induces its stabilization in all orthologues. Docking combined with MD simulations revealed details of the protein flexibility as well as of the enzyme–ligand interactions. The hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was employed to investigate conformational dynamics and ligand binding within the M49 family (dipeptidyl peptidase III family).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Kazazić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences
- Croatia
| | - Zrinka Karačić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences
- Croatia
| | - Igor Sabljić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences
- Croatia
| | - Dejan Agić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
- Faculty of Agriculture
- Croatia
| | - Marko Tomin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences
- Croatia
| | - Marija Abramić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences
- Croatia
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences
- Poland
| | - Antonija Tomić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences
- Croatia
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences
- Croatia
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22
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Prajapati SC, Singh R, Chauhan SS. Human dipeptidyl peptidase III regulates G-protein coupled receptor-dependent Ca2+ concentration in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Biol Chem 2017; 397:563-9. [PMID: 26887037 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The precise biological function of human dipeptidyl peptidase III (hDPP III) is poorly understood. Using luciferase reporter constructs responsive to change in Ca2+ and/or cAMP and Fura 2-AM fluorometric assay, we show a significant decrease in intracellular Ca2+ following hDPP III overexpression and angiotensin II stimulation in angiotensin II type 1 receptor (G-protein coupled receptor, GPCR) expressing HEK293T cells. Silencing the expression of hDPP III by siRNA reversed the effect of hDPP III overexpression with a concomitant increase in Ca2+. These results, for the first time, show involvement of hDPP III in GPCR dependent Ca2+ regulation in HEK293T cells.
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23
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Lu K, Alcivar AL, Ma J, Foo TK, Zywea S, Mahdi A, Huo Y, Kensler TW, Gatza ML, Xia B. NRF2 Induction Supporting Breast Cancer Cell Survival Is Enabled by Oxidative Stress-Induced DPP3-KEAP1 Interaction. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2881-2892. [PMID: 28416489 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NRF2 is a transcription factor serving as a master regulator of the expression of many genes involved in cellular responses to oxidative and other stresses. In the absence of stress, NRF2 is constantly synthesized but maintained at low levels as it is targeted by KEAP1 for ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. NRF2 binds KEAP1 mainly through a conserved "ETGE" motif that has also been found in several other proteins, such as DPP3, which has been shown to bind KEAP1 and enhance NRF2 function upon overexpression. Here we demonstrate the interaction between endogenous DPP3 and endogenous KEAP1. We further show that the DPP3-KEAP1 interaction is strongly induced by hydrogen peroxide and that DPP3 is required for timely NRF2 induction and nuclear accumulation in the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, we present evidence that the binding of DPP3 to KEAP1 stabilizes the latter. Finally, we show that DPP3 is overexpressed in breast cancer and that elevated levels of DPP3 mRNA correlate with increased NRF2 downstream gene expression and poor prognosis, particularly for ER-positive breast cancer. Our studies reveal novel insights into the regulation of NRF2 and identify DPP3 and an NRF2 transcriptional signature as potential biomarkers for breast cancer prognosis and treatment. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2881-92. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Allen L Alcivar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jianglin Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Tzeh Keong Foo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Susan Zywea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Amar Mahdi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Yanying Huo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael L Gatza
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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24
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Matovina M, Agić D, Abramić M, Matić S, Karačić Z, Tomić S. New findings about human dipeptidyl peptidase III based on mutations found in cancer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02642k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we investigated the role of two highly conserved residues in the peptidase family M49, whose mutations G313W and R510W were detected in human cancer, using combined experimental and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Matovina
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - D. Agić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
- Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek
- Osijek
- Croatia
| | - M. Abramić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - S. Matić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Z. Karačić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - S. Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
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25
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Agić D, Brkić H, Tomić S, Karačić Z, Špoljarević M, Lisjak M, Bešlo D, Abramić M. Validation of flavonoids as potential dipeptidyl peptidase III inhibitors: Experimental and computational approach. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 89:619-627. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Agić
- Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek; Osijek Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Brkić
- Faculty of Medicine; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek; Osijek Croatia
| | | | | | - Marija Špoljarević
- Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek; Osijek Croatia
| | - Miroslav Lisjak
- Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek; Osijek Croatia
| | - Drago Bešlo
- Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek; Osijek Croatia
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Cruz-Diaz N, Wilson BA, Pirro NT, Brosnihan KB, Marshall AC, Chappell MC. Identification of dipeptidyl peptidase 3 as the Angiotensin-(1-7) degrading peptidase in human HK-2 renal epithelial cells. Peptides 2016; 83:29-37. [PMID: 27315786 PMCID: PMC5500233 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) is expressed within the kidney and exhibits renoprotective actions that antagonize the inflammatory, fibrotic and pro-oxidant effects of the Ang II-AT1 receptor axis. We previously identified a peptidase activity from sheep brain, proximal tubules and human HK-2 proximal tubule cells that metabolized Ang-(1-7); thus, the present study isolated and identified the Ang-(1-7) peptidase. Utilizing ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, a single 80kDa protein band on SDS-PAGE was purified from HK-2 cells. The 80kDa band was excised, the tryptic digest peptides analyzed by LC-MS and a protein was identified as the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP 3, EC: 3.4.14.4). A human DPP 3 antibody identified a single 80kDa band in the purified enzyme preparation identical to recombinant human DPP 3. Both the purified Ang-(1-7) peptidase and DPP 3 exhibited an identical hydrolysis profile of Ang-(1-7) and both activities were abolished by the metallopeptidase inhibitor JMV-390. DPP 3 sequentially hydrolyzed Ang-(1-7) to Ang-(3-7) and rapidly converted Ang-(3-7) to Ang-(5-7). Kinetic analysis revealed that Ang-(3-7) was hydrolyzed at a greater rate than Ang-(1-7) [17.9 vs. 5.5 nmol/min/μg protein], and the Km for Ang-(3-7) was lower than Ang-(1-7) [3 vs. 12μM]. Finally, chronic treatment of the HK-2 cells with 20nM JMV-390 reduced intracellular DPP 3 activity and tended to augment the cellular levels of Ang-(1-7). We conclude that DPP 3 may influence the cellular expression of Ang-(1-7) and potentially reflect a therapeutic target to augment the actions of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nildris Cruz-Diaz
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension & Vascular Research, Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Bryan A Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension & Vascular Research, Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Nancy T Pirro
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension & Vascular Research, Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - K Bridget Brosnihan
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension & Vascular Research, Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Mark C Chappell
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension & Vascular Research, Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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Bradai M, Han J, Omri AE, Funamizu N, Sayadi S, Isoda H. Effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on human intestinal Caco-2 cells at non cytotoxic concentrations. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:1267-75. [PMID: 25999174 PMCID: PMC4960175 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a cytotoxic synthetic anionic surfactant widely present in the environment due to its large-scale production and intensive use in the detergency field. In this study, we investigated the effect of LAS (CAS No. 25155-30-0) at non cytotoxic concentrations on human intestinal Caco-2 cells using different in vitro bioassays. As results, LAS increased Caco-2 cell proliferation at concentrations ranging from 1 to 15 ppm, more significantly for shorter exposure time (24 h), confirmed using flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion methods. Moreover, proteomics analysis revealed that this effect was associated with an over-expression of elongation factor 2 and dipeptidyl peptidase 3, and a down-regulation of 14-3-3 protein theta, confirmed at mRNA level using real-time PCR. These findings suggest that LAS at non cytotoxic concentrations, similar to those observed at wastewater treatment plants outlets, increases the growth rate of colon cancer cells, raising thereby its tumor promotion effect potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bradai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Junkyu Han
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Alliance of Research on North Africa, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Abdelfatteh El Omri
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Funamizu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Biotechnology Center of Sfax, Sfax, PB 3018, Tunisia
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
- Alliance of Research on North Africa, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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Cvitešić A, Sabljić I, Makarević J, Abramić M. Novel dipeptidyl hydroxamic acids that inhibit human and bacterial dipeptidyl peptidase III. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:40-45. [PMID: 27226411 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1186021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dipeptidyl peptidase III (hDPP III), a zinc-metallopeptidase of the family M49, is an activator of the Keap1-Nrf2 cytoprotective pathway involved in defense against oxidative stress. Pathophysiological roles of DPP III have not been elucidated yet, partly due to the lack of specific inhibitors. We showed that substrate analog H-Tyr-Phe-NHOH is a strong competitive inhibitor of hDPP III, while H-Tyr-Gly-NHOH expresses much weaker inhibition. To investigate the effects of amino acid substitutions in inhibitor P1 position, we synthesized three new dipeptidyl hydroxamates and examined their influence on the activity of hDPP III and DPP III from the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The extent of inhibition of hDPP III, but not of bacterial enzyme, was dependent on the amino acid in P1. H-Phe-Phe-NHOH is recognized as one of the strongest inhibitors of hDPP III (Ki = 0.028 μM), and H-Phe-Leu-NHOH discriminated between human and bacterial ortholog of the M49 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cvitešić
- a Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , and
| | - Igor Sabljić
- b Division of Physical Chemistry , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54 , Zagreb , Croatia
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Human dipeptidyl peptidase III mRNA variant I and II are expressed concurrently in multiple tumor derived cell lines and translated at comparable efficiency in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:457-62. [PMID: 27153830 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-3996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is an emerging biomarker of human cancers. Expression, specificity, and function of human DPP III (hDPP III) mRNA variant I (V-I), II (V-II), and III (V-III) are poorly understood. Here, we investigated expression of these variants in multiple human tumor derived cell lines. DNA sequencing revealed concurrent expression of hDPP III V-I and V-II in U87MG (glioblastoma), SCC4 (squamous cell carcinoma), SiHa (carcinoma of uterus) cells. In SKOV1 cells, a cell line derived from ovarian carcinoma where a positive correlation between histological aggressiveness of the malignancy and hDPP III expression has previously been established, only V-II could be detected. Human DPP III V-III, which lacks an in-frame coding sequence, could not be detected in any of these cell lines. 5' untranslated region (UTR) of hDPP III V-II contains nucleotides GCA (-12 to -10 bp) upstream to the translation initiator codon (AUG). These nucleotides are absent from V-I and V-III, however, both V-I and V-II encode for the same hDPP III protein isoform-I. In vitro transcription coupled translation assay using hDPP III V-I and V-II expression vectors which contained full length V-I and V-II cDNA including the variable 5' UTR cloned under T7 promoter, respectively revealed a comparable translational efficiency for both the variants, abrogating involvement of nucleotides GCA (-12 to -10 bp) in translation of the variants. Our results, for the first time, demonstrate concurrent expression in multiple tumor derived cell lines and a comparable in vitro translational efficiency for hDPP III V-I and II.
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Abramić M, Karačić Z, Šemanjski M, Vukelić B, Jajčanin-Jozić N. Aspartate 496 from the subsite S2 drives specificity of human dipeptidyl peptidase III. Biol Chem 2015; 396:359-66. [PMID: 25581752 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human dipeptidyl peptidase III (hDPP III) is a member of the M49 metallopeptidase family, which is involved in intracellular protein catabolism and oxidative stress response. To investigate the structural basis of hDPP III preference for diarginyl arylamide, using site-directed mutagenesis, we altered its S2 subsite to mimic the counterpart in yeast enzyme. Kinetic studies revealed that the single mutant D496G lost selectivity due to the increase of the Km value. The D496G, but not S504G, showed significantly decreased binding of peptides with N-terminal arginine, and of tynorphin. The results obtained identify Asp496 as an important determinant of human DPP III substrate specificity.
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31
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Mačak Šafranko Ž, Sobočanec S, Šarić A, Jajčanin-Jozić N, Krsnik Ž, Aralica G, Balog T, Abramić M. The effect of 17β-estradiol on the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase III and heme oxygenase 1 in liver of CBA/H mice. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:471-9. [PMID: 25432329 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 17β-estradiol (E₂) has well-established cardioprotective, antioxidant and neuroprotective role, and exerts a vast range of biological effects in both sexes. Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is protease involved as activator in Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway, which is important in cellular defense to oxidative and electrophilic stress. It is generally accepted that oxidative stress is crucial in promoting liver diseases. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of E₂ on the expression of DPP III and haeme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in liver of adult CBA/H mice of both sexes. METHODS Gene and protein expressions of studied enzymes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyse the localization of both proteins in different liver cell types. RESULTS Ovariectomy diminished expression of DPP III and HO-1 proteins. E₂ administration abolished this effect, and even increased these proteins above the control. A significant enhancement in DPP III protein was found in E₂-treated males, as well. A decrease in the expression of HO-1, but not of the DPP III gene, was detected in the liver of ovariectomized females. HO-1 protein was found localized in the pericentral areas of hepatic lobules (Kupffer cells and hepatocytes), whilst DPP III showed a uniform distribution within hepatic tissue. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that E₂ influences the protein level of DPP III in vivo, and confirm earlier finding on HO-1 gene upregulation by 17β-estradiol. These results additionally confer new insights into complexity of protective action of E₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ž Mačak Šafranko
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Sobočanec
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A Šarić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Jajčanin-Jozić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ž Krsnik
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - G Aralica
- Department of Pathology, Medical School University of Zagreb and University Hospital, Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - T Balog
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Abramić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Singh R, Sharma MC, Sarkar C, Singh M, Chauhan SS. Transcription factor C/EBP-β mediates downregulation of dipeptidyl-peptidase III expression by interleukin-6 in human glioblastoma cells. FEBS J 2014; 281:1629-41. [PMID: 24472318 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase III (DPP III) is a cytosolic metallo-aminopeptidase implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. A previous study from our laboratory indicated an elevated expression of DPP III in glioblastoma (U87MG) cells. In the present study we investigated the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine produced by glial tumors, in the regulation of DPP III expression. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR were used for quantitation of DPP III and IL-6 in human glioblastoma cells and tumors. Cell transfections and DPP III promoter reporter assays were performed to study the transcriptional regulation of DPP III by IL-6. Promoter deletion analysis, site directed mutagenesis, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was employed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of IL-6 mediated regulation of DPP III expression in glioblastoma cells. Our results for the first time demonstrate a negative correlation (r = 0.632, P = 0.01) between DPP III and IL-6 in both human tumors and cultured glioblastoma cells. Treatment of U87MG cells with IL-6 significantly decreased DPP III expression with a concomitant increase in the levels of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP-β). Deletion/mutagenesis of C/EBP-β binding motif of DPP III promoter significantly increased its activity and abolished its responsiveness to IL-6. This effect could also be mimicked by C/EBP-β siRNA. In conclusion our study for the first time demonstrates C/EBP-β mediated transcriptional downregulation of DPP III by IL-6. Our results demonstrating a negative correlation between IL-6 and DPP III taken together with the previously reported prognostic significance of this cytokine in glioblastoma suggests that DPP III may prove useful as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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33
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Jajčanin-Jozić N, Tomić S, Abramić M. Importance of the three basic residues in the vicinity of the zinc-binding motifs for the activity of the yeast dipeptidyl peptidase III. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 155:43-50. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Hast BE, Goldfarb D, Mulvaney KM, Hast MA, Siesser PF, Yan F, Hayes DN, Major MB. Proteomic analysis of ubiquitin ligase KEAP1 reveals associated proteins that inhibit NRF2 ubiquitination. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2199-210. [PMID: 23382044 PMCID: PMC3618590 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the KEAP1 ubiquitin ligase or its substrate NRF2 (NFE2L2) commonly occur in human cancer, resulting in constitutive NRF2-mediated transcription of cytoprotective genes. However, many tumors display high NRF2 activity in the absence of mutation, supporting the hypothesis that alternative mechanisms of pathway activation exist. Previously, we and others discovered that via a competitive binding mechanism, the proteins WTX (AMER1), PALB2, and SQSTM1 bind KEAP1 to activate NRF2. Proteomic analysis of the KEAP1 protein interaction network revealed a significant enrichment of associated proteins containing an ETGE amino acid motif, which matches the KEAP1 interaction motif found in NRF2. Like WTX, PALB2, and SQSTM1, we found that the dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) protein binds KEAP1 via an "ETGE" motif to displace NRF2, thus inhibiting NRF2 ubiquitination and driving NRF2-dependent transcription. Comparing the spectrum of KEAP1-interacting proteins with the genomic profile of 178 squamous cell lung carcinomas characterized by The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed amplification and mRNA overexpression of the DPP3 gene in tumors with high NRF2 activity but lacking NRF2 stabilizing mutations. We further show that tumor-derived mutations in KEAP1 are hypomorphic with respect to NRF2 inhibition and that DPP3 overexpression in the presence of these mutants further promotes NRF2 activation. Collectively, our findings further support the competition model of NRF2 activation and suggest that "ETGE"-containing proteins such as DPP3 contribute to NRF2 activity in cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cohort Studies
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/physiology
- Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases/genetics
- Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases/metabolism
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1
- Kidney/cytology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Proteomics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Ubiquitin/metabolism
- Ubiquitination
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgid E. Hast
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Box#3175, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Mulvaney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael A. Hast
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Box #3711, Durham NC, 27710, USA
| | - Priscila F. Siesser
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Otolaryngology, Division of Medical Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael B. Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Box#7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Box#3175, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Entropy-driven binding of opioid peptides induces a large domain motion in human dipeptidyl peptidase III. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:6525-30. [PMID: 22493238 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118005109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid peptides are involved in various essential physiological processes, most notably nociception. Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is one of the most important enkephalin-degrading enzymes associated with the mammalian pain modulatory system. Here we describe the X-ray structures of human DPP III and its complex with the opioid peptide tynorphin, which rationalize the enzyme's substrate specificity and reveal an exceptionally large domain motion upon ligand binding. Microcalorimetric analyses point at an entropy-dominated process, with the release of water molecules from the binding cleft ("entropy reservoir") as the major thermodynamic driving force. Our results provide the basis for the design of specific inhibitors that enable the elucidation of the exact role of DPP III and the exploration of its potential as a target of pain intervention strategies.
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36
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Tomić A, Abramić M, Spoljarić J, Agić D, Smith DM, Tomić S. Human dipeptidyl peptidase III: insights into ligand binding from a combined experimental and computational approach. J Mol Recognit 2012; 24:804-14. [PMID: 21812054 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is a zinc-exopeptidase with implied roles in protein catabolism, pain modulation, and defense against oxidative stress. To understand the mode of ligand binding into its active site, we performed molecular modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and biochemical analyses. Using the recently determined crystal structure of the human DPP III we built complexes between both, the wild-type (WT) protein and its mutant H568N with the preferred substrate Arg-Arg-2-naphthylamide (RRNA) and a competitive inhibitor Tyr-Phe-hydroxamate (Tyr-Phe-NHOH). The mutation of the conserved His568, structurally equivalent to catalytically important His231 in thermolysin, to Asn, resulted in a 1300-fold decrease of k(cat) for RRNA hydrolysis and in significantly lowered affinity for the inhibitor. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the key protein-ligand interactions as well as the ligand-induced reorganization of the binding site and its partial closure. Simultaneously, the non-catalytic domain was observed to stretch and the opening at the wide side of the inter-domain cleft became enhanced. The driving force for these changes was the formation of the hydrogen bond between Asp372 and the bound ligand. The structural and dynamical differences, found for the ligand binding to the WT enzyme and the H568N mutant, and the calculated binding free energies, agree well with the measured affinities. On the basis of the obtained results we suggest a possible reaction mechanism. In addition, this work provides a foundation for further site-directed mutagenesis experiments, as well as for modeling the reaction itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Tomić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54,10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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37
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Prajapati SC, Chauhan SS. Dipeptidyl peptidase III: a multifaceted oligopeptide N-end cutter. FEBS J 2011; 278:3256-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Goat brain enkephalin degrading enzyme: interaction with analgesic and antihypertensive drugs. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Shukla AA, Jain M, Chauhan SS. Ets-1/Elk-1 is a critical mediator of dipeptidyl-peptidase III transcription in human glioblastoma cells. FEBS J 2010; 277:1861-75. [PMID: 20236318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dipetidyl-peptidase III is a metallopeptidase involved in a number of physiological processes and its expression has been reported to increase with the histological aggressiveness of human ovarian primary carcinomas. Because no information regarding the regulation of its expression was available, experiments were designed to clone, define and characterize the promoter region of the human dipeptidyl-peptidase III (DPP-III) gene. In this study, we cloned a 1038 bp 5'-flanking DNA fragment of the human DPP-III gene for the first time and demonstrated strong promoter activity in this region. Deletion analysis revealed that as few as 45 nucleotides proximal to the transcription start site retained approximately 40% of the activity of the full-length promoter. This promoter lacked the TATA box but contained multiple GC boxes and a single CAAT box. Similarly, two Ets-1/Elk-1-binding motifs are present in the first 25 nucleotides from the transcription start site. Binding of Ets-1/Elk-1 proteins to these motifs was visualized by electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Mutations of these binding sites abolished not only binding of the Ets protein, but also the intrinsic promoter activity. Increased DNA-binding activity of Ets-1/Elk-1 by v-Ha-ras also augmented the mRNA level and promoter activity of this gene. Similarly, co-transfection of DPP-III promoter-reporter constructs with Ets-1 expression vector led to a significant increase in promoter activity. From these results, we conclude that Ets-1/Elk-1 plays a critical role in transcription of the human DPP-III gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay A Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Spoljarić J, Salopek-Sondi B, Makarević J, Vukelić B, Agić D, Simaga S, Jajcanin-Jozić N, Abramić M. Absolutely conserved tryptophan in M49 family of peptidases contributes to catalysis and binding of competitive inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2009; 37:70-6. [PMID: 19375145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of the unique fully conserved tryptophan in metallopeptidase family M49 (dipeptidyl peptidase III family) was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis on human dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) where Trp300 was subjected to two substitutions (W300F and W300L). The mutant enzymes showed thermal stability equal to the wild-type DPP III. Conservative substitution of the Trp300 with phenylalanine decreased enzyme activity 2-4 fold, but did not significantly change the K(m) values for two dipeptidyl 2-naphthylamide substrates. However, the K(m) for the W300L mutant was elevated 5-fold and the k(cat) value was reduced 16-fold with Arg-Arg-2-naphthylamide. Both substitutions had a negative effect on the binding of two competitive inhibitors designed to interact with S1 and S2 subsites. These results indicate the importance of the aromatic nature of W300 in DPP III ligand binding and catalysis, and contribution of this residue in maintaining the functional integrity of this enzyme's S2 subsite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Spoljarić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Bosković Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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41
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Baral PK, Jajcanin-Jozić N, Deller S, Macheroux P, Abramić M, Gruber K. The first structure of dipeptidyl-peptidase III provides insight into the catalytic mechanism and mode of substrate binding. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:22316-24. [PMID: 18550518 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803522200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidases III (DPP III) are zinc-dependent enzymes that specifically cleave the first two amino acids from the N terminus of different length peptides. In mammals, DPP III is associated with important physiological functions and is a potential biomarker for certain types of cancer. Here, we present the 1.95-A crystal structure of yeast DPP III representing the prototype for the M49 family of metallopeptidases. It shows a novel fold with two domains forming a wide cleft containing the catalytic metal ion. DPP III exhibits no overall similarity to other metallopeptidases, such as thermolysin and neprilysin, but zinc coordination and catalytically important residues are structurally conserved. Substrate recognition is accomplished by a binding site for the N terminus of the peptide at an appropriate distance from the metal center and by a series of conserved arginine residues anchoring the C termini of different length substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravas Kumar Baral
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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42
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Yang M, Lee HS, Pyo MY. Proteomic biomarkers for prenatal bisphenol A-exposure in mouse immune organs. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2008; 49:368-373. [PMID: 18418863 DOI: 10.1002/em.20394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Many investigators have encountered difficulty in clarifying the risks of exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical in epidemiological studies or animal experiments. In the present study, we developed biomarkers of BPA-induced proteomic alterations in immune organs of mouse offspring that were prenatally exposed to BPA (15 and 300 mg/L of drinking water; they were exposed to 8.9 +/- 1.8 mg of BPA/kg/day and 171.1 +/- 16.8 mg of BPA/kg/day, respectively) that were evaluated in terms of sex, age, and BPA-exposure levels. We performed 2D-gel analyses of samples from various tissues (thymus and spleen), exposure levels, sex, and ages (3- and 7-week-old) (N = 48), and found seven proteins that were altered in a BPA dose-dependent manner. Among them, we further studiedapo-AI, DPPIII, and VAT1, which are suspected to be associated with endocrine disorders. By performing Western blots, we confirmed BPA upregulation of all three proteins. Moreover, the apo-AI mRNA levels were increased in a BPA dose-dependent manner in 3- and 7-week-old female mice. Females and young offspring were somewhat more sensitive to protein alterations than others. Our study, which is based on proteome analyses, suggests that apo-AI, DPPIII, and VAT represent protein biomarkers for BPA and provide useful mechanistic clues for BPA-induced endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihi Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Sookmyung Women's University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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43
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Salopek-Sondi B, Vukelić B, Spoljarić J, Simaga S, Vujaklija D, Makarević J, Jajcanin N, Abramić M. Functional tyrosine residue in the active center of human dipeptidyl peptidase III. Biol Chem 2008; 389:163-7. [PMID: 18163885 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Human dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is a member of the metallopeptidase family M49 with an implied role in the pain-modulatory system and endogenous defense against oxidative stress. Here, we report the heterologous expression of human DPP III and the site-directed mutagenesis results which demonstrate a functional role for Tyr318 at the active site of this enzyme. The substitution of Tyr318 to Phe decreased kcat by two orders of magnitude without altering the binding affinity of substrate, or of a competitive hydroxamate inhibitor designed to interact with S1 and S2 subsites. The results indicate that the conserved tyrosine could be involved in transition state stabilization during the catalytic action of M49 peptidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruder Bosković Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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44
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Simaga S, Abramić M, Osmak M, Babić D, Ilić-Forko J. Total tissue lactate dehydrogenase activity in endometrial carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2008; 18:1272-8. [PMID: 18284453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2008.01196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is essential for continuous glycolysis necessary for accelerated tumor growth. The aim of this study was to reconsider if assay of total tissue activity of this enzyme could be useful as marker for endometrial carcinoma (EC). Activity of LDH was measured spectrophotometrically in homogenate supernatants of uterine tissue samples of 40 patients (10 normal endometria, 27 normal myometria, and 33 EC), including 30 matched pairs. Data obtained were analyzed in relation to clinical and histopathologic findings and compared with our previously published results on the tissue levels of the same enzyme in ovarian cancer and on the proteolytic activity of dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) in EC (suggested biochemical indicator of this malignancy). Significantly increased (1.8-3.0 times; P < 1 x 10(-4)) LDH activity was observed in EC samples if compared with normal uterine tissues. This rise was not related to the clinicopathologic findings, however. In contrast to previous results on LDH in ovarian carcinomas, a significant rise in LDH activity was found already in grade 1 EC. Using the cutoff value of 1.06 U/mg, diagnostic sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 91% for total tissue LDH assay have been calculated. A correlation of tissue's LDH and DPP III activities was found, and their combined assay for EC showed increased diagnostic sensitivity (94%) and accuracy (96%).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Simaga
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovíc Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Starcević K, Kralj M, Ester K, Sabol I, Grce M, Pavelić K, Karminski-Zamola G. Synthesis, antiviral and antitumor activity of 2-substituted-5-amidino-benzimidazoles. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4419-26. [PMID: 17482821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared a set of heterocyclic benzimidazole derivatives bearing amidino substituents at C-5 of benzimidazole ring, by introducing various heterocyclic nuclei (pyridine, N-methyl-pyrrole or imidazole) at C-2, and evaluated their antitumor and antiviral activities. The most pronounced antiproliferative activity was shown with compounds 6 and 9, having imidazolinylamidino-substituent. Interestingly, all compounds show noticeable selectivity toward breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The most distinct and selective antiviral activity toward coxsackieviruses and echoviruses was observed with compounds having pyridine ring at C-2. Especially interesting was fairly strong activity of 4 and 8 toward adenoviruses, which could be considered as leads against adenoviral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Starcević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, PO Box 177, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Agić D, Hranjec M, Jajcanin N, Starcević K, Karminski-Zamola G, Abramić M. Novel amidino-substituted benzimidazoles: Synthesis of compounds and inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase III. Bioorg Chem 2007; 35:153-69. [PMID: 17174378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Revised: 10/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III), also known as enkephalinase B, is a zinc-hydrolase with an indicated role in the mammalian pain modulatory system. In order to find a potent antagonist of this enzyme, we synthesized and screened the effect of a small set of benzimidazole derivatives on its activity. To improve the inhibitory potential, a cyclobutane ring was introduced as rigid conformation support to the diamidino substituted dibenzimidazoles. Two such compounds (1' and 4') from the group of cyclobutane derivatives containing amidino-substituted benzimidazole moieties, obtained by photochemical cyclization in water and by respecting rules of the "green chemistry" approach, were found to be strong DPP III inhibitors, with IC(50) value below 5 microM. Compound 1' displayed time-dependent inhibition towards human DPP III, characterized by the second-order rate constant of 6924+/-549 M(-1)min(-1) (K(i)=0.20 microM). The peptide substrate valorphin protected the enzyme from inactivation by 1'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Agić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, The Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Trg Sv. Trojstva 3, P.O. Box 719, HR-31107 Osijek, Croatia
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47
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Liu Y, Kern JT, Walker JR, Johnson JA, Schultz PG, Luesch H. A genomic screen for activators of the antioxidant response element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:5205-10. [PMID: 17360324 PMCID: PMC1829287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700898104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant response element (ARE) is a cis-acting regulatory enhancer element found in the 5' flanking region of many phase II detoxification enzymes. Up-regulation of ARE-dependent target genes is known to have neuroprotective effects; yet, the mechanism of activation is largely unknown. By screening an arrayed collection of approximately 15,000 full-length expression cDNAs in the human neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32 with an ARE-luciferase reporter, we have identified several cDNAs not previously associated with ARE activation. A subset of cDNAs, encoding sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and dipeptidylpeptidase 3 (DPP3), activated the ARE in primary mouse-derived cortical neurons. Overexpression of SQSTM1 and DPP3 in IMR-32 cells stimulated NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation and led to increased levels of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, a protein which is transcriptionally regulated by the ARE. When transfected into IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells that were depleted of transcription factor NRF2 by RNA interference, SQSTM1 and DPP3 were unable to activate the ARE or induce NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression, indicating that the ARE activation upon ectopic expression of these cDNAs is mediated by NRF2. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors indicated that 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C signaling are essential for activity. Overexpression of these cDNAs conferred partial resistance to hydrogen peroxide or rotenone-induced toxicity, consistent with the induction of antioxidant and phase II detoxification enzymes, which can protect from oxidative stress. This work and other such studies may provide mechanisms for activating the ARE in the absence of general oxidative stress and a yet-unexploited therapeutic approach to degenerative diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jonathan T. Kern
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705
| | - John R. Walker
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121; and
| | - Jeffrey A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Peter G. Schultz
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121; and
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
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