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İlhan ÇF, Ülke E, Urcelay GP, Kişlal S. Propranolol attenuates the establishment of conditioned context aversions: differential effects compared to MK-801 in an animal model of anticipatory nausea and vomiting. Behav Pharmacol 2024; 35:293-302. [PMID: 38847463 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer patients often experience anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV) due to Pavlovian conditioning. Both N-methyl-D-aspartate and beta-adrenergic receptors are known to mediate memory formation, but their role in the development of ANV remains unclear. This study used a conditioned context aversion (CCA) paradigm, an animal model for ANV, to assess whether administration of the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol or the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 immediately after CCA training has an effect on the later expression of CCA in CD1 male mice. In experiment 1, three groups were injected with lithium chloride (LiCl) to induce aversion in a novel context, resulting in CCA. A control group was injected with sodium chloride (NaCl). Following conditioning, two of the LiCl-treated groups received different doses of MK-801 (0.05 or 0.2 mg/kg), while the remaining LiCl-treated and NaCl-treated groups received a second NaCl injection. In experiment 2, two groups were injected with LiCl, and one group was injected with NaCl. After conditioning, one of the LiCl-treated groups received a propranolol injection (10 mg/kg). The remaining LiCl-treated and NaCl-treated groups received NaCl injections. Water consumption was measured in all groups 72 h later within the conditioning context. Postconditioning administration of propranolol, but not MK-801, attenuated CCA, as revealed by similar levels of water consumption in animals that received LiCl and propranolol relative to NaCl-treated animals. These findings suggest that beta-adrenergic receptor activation is crucial for the development of CCA. Therefore, propranolol may represent a novel therapeutic approach for cancer patients at high risk of ANV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çinar Furkan İlhan
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Ülke
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gonzalo P Urcelay
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sezen Kişlal
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Janus A, Lustyk K, Pytka K. MK-801 and cognitive functions: Investigating the behavioral effects of a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2435-2457. [PMID: 37725119 PMCID: PMC10640442 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE MK-801 (dizocilpine) is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist originally explored for anticonvulsant potential. Despite its original purpose, its amnestic properties led to the development of pivotal models of various cognitive impairments widely employed in research and greatly impacting scientific progress. MK-801 offers several advantages; however, it also presents drawbacks, including inducing dose-dependent hyperlocomotion or ambiguous effects on anxiety, which can impact the interpretation of behavioral research results. OBJECTIVES The present review attempts to summarize and discuss the effects of MK-801 on different types of memory and cognitive functions in animal studies. RESULTS A plethora of behavioral research suggests that MK-801 can detrimentally impact cognitive functions. The specific effect of this compound is influenced by variables including developmental stage, gender, species, strain, and, crucially, the administered dose. Notably, when considering the undesirable effects of MK-801, doses up to 0.1 mg/kg were found not to induce stereotypy or hyperlocomotion. CONCLUSION Dizocilpine continues to be of significant importance in preclinical research, facilitating the exploration of various procognitive therapeutic agents. However, given its potential undesirable effects, it is imperative to meticulously determine the appropriate dosages and conduct supplementary evaluations for any undesirable outcomes, which could complicate the interpretation of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janus
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lustyk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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Zahiri H, Rostampour M, Khakpour B, Rohampour K. The effect of ghrelin injection in the CA1 region of hippocampus on the MK801- induced memory impairment in wistar rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113209. [PMID: 33639267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors are critically involved in the learning and memory formation and dizocilpine (MK-801) is an antagonist of NMDA receptor. Ghrelin plays a crucial role in learning and memory processes. The present study was conducted to the evaluation of ghrelin effect on passive avoidance memory impairment induced by MK801. In this experimental study, 24 male wistar rats were randomly distributed into 3 groups of 8 each. Passive avoidance tests of animals were evaluated using Shuttle Box apparatus. One week after the surgery, ghrelin (3 nmol) was injected intra-hippocampally, 5 min before the MK-801administration. MK-801 (0.15 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.), 10 min before the test session. Pre-test injection of MK-801 significantly decreased STL (step through latency) at 24 h and 48 h (P < 0.001) and 10 days (P < 0.01) and increased TDC (time spent in dark compartment) at 24 h, 48 h and 10 days (P < 0.001) after training in comparison with control group. Pre-test injection of ghrelin + MK-801 significantly increased STL at 24 h (P < 0.01), 48 h and 10 days (P < 0.001) and decreased TDC at 24 h, 48 h and 10 days (P < 0.001) after training in comparison with MK-801 received group. It is concluded that pre-test injection of MK-801 impaired passive avoidance memory. Administration of ghrelin before MK-801 ameliorated memory impairment induced by MK-801. It is assumed that this compensative effect of ghrelin was mediated by NMDA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Zahiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostampour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Khakpour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kambiz Rohampour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Chan M, Austen JM, Eacott MJ, Easton A, Sanderson DJ. The NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 fails to impair long-term recognition memory in mice when the state-dependency of memory is controlled. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 161:57-62. [PMID: 30902736 PMCID: PMC6542379 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity has been proposed to be important for encoding of memories. Consistent with this hypothesis, the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, has been found to impair performance on tests of memory. Interpretation of some of these findings has, however, been complicated by the fact that the drug-state of animals has differed during encoding and tests of memory. Therefore, it is possible that MK-801 may result in state-dependent retrieval or expression of memory rather than actually impairing encoding itself. We tested this hypothesis in mice using tests of object recognition memory with a 24-hour delay between the encoding and test phase. Mice received injections of either vehicle or MK-801 prior to the encoding phase and the test phase. In Experiment 1, a low dose of MK-801 (0.01 mg/kg) impaired performance when the drug-state (vehicle or MK-801) of mice changed between encoding and test, but there was no significant effect of MK-801 on encoding. In Experiment 2, a higher dose of MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) failed to impair object recognition memory when mice received the drug prior to both encoding and test compared to mice that received vehicle. MK-801 did not affect object exploration, but it did induce locomotor hyperactivity at the higher dose. These results suggest that some previous demonstrations of MK-801 effects may reflect a failure to express or retrieve memory due to the state-dependency of memory rather than impaired encoding of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Chan
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, Durham, UK; Department of Psychology, Koç University, Rumelifeneri yolu, Sarıyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey(1).
| | - Joseph M Austen
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Madeline J Eacott
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, Durham, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK(1)
| | - Alexander Easton
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - David J Sanderson
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, Durham, UK.
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Jiang J, Wang GY, Luo W, Xie H, Guan JS. Mammillary body regulates state-dependent fear by alternating cortical oscillations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13471. [PMID: 30194318 PMCID: PMC6128928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
State-dependent memory describes a phenomenon that memory will be efficiently retrieved only when the brain state during retrieval matches the state during encoding. While a variety of psychoactive drugs, such as ethanol, cocaine, morphine and NMDA receptor antagonists, are able to induce state-dependent memory, the biological hallmark of brain state and neural mechanism of its regulation are still unknown. In this study, we found that MK-801 enhanced delta oscillations in awake mice, representing a drug-induced brain state, in which fear memory could only be successfully retrieved when the same drug condition was presented. We identified a key nucleus, mammillary body (MB), which regulates the specific brain state associated with MK-801. Chemogenetic silencing of MB neurons enhanced cortical delta oscillations and generated state-dependent memory. Moreover, optogenetic reconstitution of delta oscillations alone facilitated retrieval of fear memory encoded under MK-801. Our results indicated that delta oscillations in awake animals defined a specific brain state, in which memory formed is inaccessible under the normal condition, shining light on the neural mechanism underlying the fluctuation of memory retrieval and the role of MB in memory encoding and recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Guang-Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wenhan Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hong Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, China.,Institute of Brain-intelligence Science and Technology, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ji-Song Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Cross state-dependency of learning between tramadol and MK-801 in the mouse dorsal hippocampus: involvement of nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1987-1999. [PMID: 29679289 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tramadol, an atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist, as a psychoactive drug, is frequently abused by human beings. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of drug-associated learning and memory formation may help prevent drug addiction and relapse. Previous study revealed that dorsal hippocampus (CA1) plays a crucial role in the retrieval of tramadol-associated memory and that its role depends on the expression of CA1 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (Jafari-Sabet et al. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 96:45-50, 2018). OBJECTIVE To clarify the exact mechanisms involved, the activation of CA1 nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway by L-arginine (a nitric oxide precursor) on the interaction between tramadol and MK-801 in memory retrieval was examined. The dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions of adult male NMRI mice were bilaterally cannulated and a single-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance apparatus was used for the assessment of memory retrieval. RESULTS Post-training and/or pre-test microinjection of tramadol (0.5 and 1 μg/mouse) and/or a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.25 and 0.5 μg/mouse), induced amnesia which were reversed when the same doses of the drugs were administered 24 h later in a pre-test session, suggesting tramadol state-dependent learning (SDL) and MK-801 SDL. The amnesia induced by post-training microinjection of tramadol (1 μg/mouse) was reversed by pre-test microinjection of MK-801 (0.25 and 0.5 μg/mouse). Pre-test microinjection of MK-801 (0.125 and 0.25 μg/mouse) with an ineffective dose of tramadol (0.25 μg/mouse) potentiated tramadol SDL. The amnesia induced by post-training microinjection of MK-801 (0.5 μg/mouse) was reversed by pre-test microinjection of tramadol (0.5 and 1 μg/mouse). Pre-test microinjection of tramadol (0.25 and 0.5 μg/mouse) with an ineffective dose of MK-801 (0.125 μg/mouse) potentiated MK-801 SDL. Pre-test microinjection of ineffective doses of L-arginine (0.125, 025, and 0.5 μg/mouse) improved amnesia induced by the co-administration of tramadol and MK-801. Pre-test microinjection of L-arginine (0.125, 025, and 0.5 μg/mouse) could not reverse amnesia induced by post-training microinjection of tramadol while same doses of L-arginine improved MK-801 response on tramadol SDL. CONCLUSION The results strongly propose that activation of CA1 NO signaling pathway has a pivotal role in cross SDL among tramadol and MK-801.
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Miller AMP, Frick BJ, Smith DM, Radulovic J, Corcoran KA. Network oscillatory activity driven by context memory processing is differently regulated by glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 145:59-66. [PMID: 28864239 PMCID: PMC5698163 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Memory retrieval requires coordinated intra- and inter-regional activity in networks of brain structures. Dysfunction of these networks and memory impairment are seen in many psychiatric disorders, but relatively little is known about how memory retrieval and memory failure are represented at the level of local and regional oscillatory activity. To address this question, we measured local field potentials (LFPs) from mice as they explored a novel context, retrieved memories for contextual fear conditioning, and after administration of two amnestic agents: the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine (SCOP). LFPs were simultaneously recorded from retrosplenial cortex (RSC), dorsal hippocampus (DH), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which are involved in processing contextual memories, and analyzed for changes in intra-regional power and inter-regional peak coherence of oscillations across multiple frequency bands. Context encoding and memory retrieval sessions yielded similar patterns of changes across all three structures, including decreased delta power and increased theta peak coherence. Baseline effects of MK-801 and SCOP were primarily targeted to gamma oscillations, but in opposite directions. Both drugs also blocked memory retrieval, as indicated by reduced freezing when mice were returned to the conditioning context, but this common behavioral impairment was only associated with power and peak coherence disruptions after MK-801 treatment. These findings point to neural signatures for memory impairment, whose underlying mechanisms may serve as therapeutic targets for related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M P Miller
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Brendan J Frick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - David M Smith
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Kevin A Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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Enginar N, Yamantürk-Çelik P, Nurten A, Güney DB. Learning and memory in the forced swimming test: effects of antidepressants having varying degrees of anticholinergic activity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:739-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Guerra GP, Rubin MA, Mello CF. Modulation of learning and memory by natural polyamines. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:99-118. [PMID: 27015893 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Spermine and spermidine are natural polyamines that are produced mainly via decarboxylation of l-ornithine and the sequential transfer of aminopropyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to putrescine by spermidine synthase and spermine synthase. Spermine and spermidine interact with intracellular and extracellular acidic residues of different nature, including nucleic acids, phospholipids, acidic proteins, carboxyl- and sulfate-containing polysaccharides. Therefore, multiple actions have been suggested for these polycations, including modulation of the activity of ionic channels, protein synthesis, protein kinases, and cell proliferation/death, within others. In this review we summarize these neurochemical/neurophysiological/morphological findings, particularly those that have been implicated in the improving and deleterious effects of spermine and spermidine on learning and memory of naïve animals in shock-motivated and nonshock-motivated tasks, from a historical perspective. The interaction with the opioid system, the facilitation and disruption of morphine-induced reward and the effect of polyamines and putative polyamine antagonists on animal models of cognitive diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Huntington, acute neuroinflammation and brain trauma are also reviewed and discussed. The increased production of polyamines in Alzheimer's disease and the biphasic nature of the effects of polyamines on memory and on the NMDA receptor are also considered. In light of the current literature on polyamines, which include the description of an inborn error of the metabolism characterized by mild-to moderate mental retardation and polyamine metabolism alterations in suicide completers, we can anticipate that polyamine targets may be important for the development of novel strategies and approaches for understanding the etiopathogenesis of important central disorders and their pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Medianeira, Medianeira, PR 85884-000, Brazil
| | - Maribel Antonello Rubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Fernando Mello
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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Zhou H, Yu CL, Wang LP, Yang YX, Mao RR, Zhou QX, Xu L. NMDA and D1 receptors are involved in one-trial tolerance to the anxiolytic-like effects of diazepam in the elevated plus maze test in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:40-5. [PMID: 26004015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The elevated plus maze (EPM) test is used to examine anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. One interesting phenomenon in the EPM test is one-trial tolerance (OTT), which refers to the reduction in the anxiolytic-like effects of benzodiazepines when rodents are re-exposed to the EPM. However, the underlying mechanism of OTT is still unclear. In this study, we reported that OTT occurred when re-exposure to the EPM (trial 2) only depended on the prior experience of the EPM (trial 1) rather than diazepam treatment. This process was memory-dependent, as it was prevented by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors antagonist MK-801 1.5h before trial 2. In addition, OTT was maintained for at least one week but was partially abolished after an interval of 28 days. Furthermore, the administration of the D1-like receptors agonist SKF38393 to the bilateral dorsal hippocampus largely prevented OTT, as demonstrated by the ability of the diazepam treatment to produce significant anxiolytic-like effects in trial 2 after a one-day interval. These findings suggest that OTT to the EPM test may occur via the activation of NMDA receptors and the inactivation of D1-like receptors in certain brain regions, including the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Cheng-Long Yu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yue-Xiong Yang
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Rong-Rong Mao
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Qi-Xin Zhou
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Cercato MC, Colettis N, Snitcofsky M, Aguirre AI, Kornisiuk EE, Baez MV, Jerusalinsky DA. Hippocampal NMDA receptors and the previous experience effect on memory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 108:263-9. [PMID: 25132342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are thought to be responsible for switching synaptic activity specific patterns into long-term changes in synaptic function and structure, which would support learning and memory. Hippocampal NMDAR blockade impairs memory consolidation in rodents, while NMDAR stimulation improves it. Adult rats that explored twice an open field (OF) before a weak though overthreshold training in inhibitory avoidance (IA), expressed IA long-term memory in spite of the hippocampal administration of MK-801, which currently leads to amnesia. Those processes would involve different NMDARs. The selective blockade of hippocampal GluN2B-containing NMDAR with ifenprodil after training promoted memory in an IA task when the training was weak, suggesting that this receptor negatively modulates consolidation. In vivo, after 1h of an OF exposure-with habituation to the environment-, there was an increase in GluN1 and GluN2A subunits in the rat hippocampus, without significant changes in GluN2B. Coincidentally, in vitro, in both rat hippocampal slices and neuron cultures there was an increase in GluN2A-NMDARs surface expression at 30min; an increase in GluN1 and GluN2A levels at about 1h after LTP induction was also shown. We hypothesize that those changes in NMDAR composition could be involved in the "anti-amnesic effect" of the previous OF. Along certain time interval, an increase in GluN1 and GluN2A would lead to an increase in synaptic NMDARs, facilitating synaptic plasticity and memory; while then, an increase in GluN2A/GluN2B ratio could protect the synapse and the already established plasticity, perhaps saving the specific trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalí C Cercato
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurotoxinas, Instituto de Biologia Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155 3er Piso, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Colettis
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurotoxinas, Instituto de Biologia Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155 3er Piso, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marina Snitcofsky
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurotoxinas, Instituto de Biologia Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155 3er Piso, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra I Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurotoxinas, Instituto de Biologia Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155 3er Piso, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Edgar E Kornisiuk
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurotoxinas, Instituto de Biologia Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155 3er Piso, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María V Baez
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurotoxinas, Instituto de Biologia Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155 3er Piso, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Diana A Jerusalinsky
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurotoxinas, Instituto de Biologia Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155 3er Piso, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zarrindast MR, Ownegh V, Rezayof A, Ownegh F. The involvement of dorsal hippocampus in dextromethorphan-induced state-dependent learning in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 116:90-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Navarrete A, Flores-Machorro FX, Téllez-Ballesteros RI, Alfaro-Romero A, Balderas JL, Reyes A. Study on action mechanism of 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)piperazine (MMPP) in acquisition, formation, and consolidation of memory in mice. Drug Dev Res 2013; 75:59-67. [PMID: 24648132 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the mechanism of action of MMPP (1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl) piperazine) in the acquisition (pretraining administration), formation (posttraining administration), and consolidation (pretest administration) of memory was assessed in the passive avoidance test using a short- and long-term memory protocol in mice. MMPP modified avoidance in the acquisition and formation of memory protocols but not in the consolidation protocol. Scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg i.p.), dizocilpine (0.003 mg/kg i.p.), and buspirone (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) completely inhibited MMPP-induced effects on memory acquisition and partially inhibited memory formation in the short-term but not long-term paradigm. This suggested that cholinergic, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine-1A (5-HT1A ) receptors were implicated in the MMPP-induced improvements in memory. The sedative, anxiolytic, motor impairment, myorelaxant, and anticonvulsive (pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures) properties of MMPP were also assessed with the compound only showing a nondose-dependent myorelaxation. These results suggest that MMPP can enhance acquisition and formation, but not consolidation, of memory in short-term and long-term protocol via cholinergic, NMDA-glutamatergic, and 5-HT1A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Navarrete
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., 04510, México
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Flint RW, Noble LJ, Ulmen AR. NMDA receptor antagonism with MK-801 impairs consolidation and reconsolidation of passive avoidance conditioning in adolescent rats: Evidence for a state dependent reconsolidation effect. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 101:114-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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van der Staay FJ, Rutten K, Erb C, Blokland A. Effects of the cognition impairer MK-801 on learning and memory in mice and rats. Behav Brain Res 2011; 220:215-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Effect of naloxone and morphine on arcaine-induced state-dependent memory in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 215:483-91. [PMID: 21360010 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Arcaine is a competitive antagonist of the polyamine binding site at the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor which induces state-dependent recall. However, no study has addressed the involvement of other neurotransmitter/neuromodulators in arcaine-induced state dependency. OBJECTIVES The current study investigates whether the opioid system is involved in arcaine-induced state-dependent memory retrieval of the inhibitory avoidance task (IA) in rats. RESULTS The systemic administration of arcaine (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) 0, 3, 6, or 9 h post-training, reduced step-down latencies at testing. Arcaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) injection 30 min before testing reversed the performance deficit induced by administration of arcaine or morphine 0, 3 or 6, but not 9 h post-training. The reversal of arcaine-induced impairment of IA performance was completely transferred to morphine and vice versa. The association of low and ineffective doses of morphine and arcaine (10 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively) were additive and caused state dependency. Naloxone (2 mg/kg, 3 min post-training, or 1 mg/kg, 1 h pre-test, i.p.) reversed the amnesia and the state dependency induced by morphine and arcaine. CONCLUSION These results suggest that state dependency induced by arcaine involves the opioid system.
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Horisawa T, Ishibashi T, Nishikawa H, Enomoto T, Toma S, Ishiyama T, Taiji M. The effects of selective antagonists of serotonin 5-HT7 and 5-HT1A receptors on MK-801-induced impairment of learning and memory in the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests in rats: mechanistic implications for the beneficial effects of the novel atypical antipsychotic lurasidone. Behav Brain Res 2011; 220:83-90. [PMID: 21277905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that lurasidone, a novel atypical antipsychotic with potent serotonin 5-HT(7) antagonist and 5-HT(1A) partial agonist activities, is superior to other antipsychotics in improving the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801-induced learning and memory impairment in the passive avoidance (PA) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests in rats. In this study, we investigated the effects of selective antagonists of 5-HT(7) and 5-HT(1A) receptors (SB-656104-A and WAY-100635, respectively) on MK-801-induced learning and memory impairment in the same tests. In the PA test, either pre-training (3 and 10mg/kg, p.o.) or post-training (0.3mg/kg, i.v.) administration of lurasidone significantly reversed the test response impaired by MK-801, consistent with our previous reports. Pre-training administration of either SB-656104-A (10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) or WAY-100635 (1mg/kg, s.c.) also significantly reversed MK-801-induced memory impairment. Furthermore, post-training administration of either SB-656104-A (0.3mg/kg, i.v.) or WAY-100635 (0.01 mg/kg, i.v.) counteracted the effect of MK-801, which suggested that both 5-HT receptor subtype-selective antagonists could restore the memory consolidation process. In the MWM test, SB-656104-A (3mg/kg, i.p.) reversed learning impairment induced by MK-801. On the other hand, WAY-100635 (0.3 and 1mg/kg, i.p.) did not have any effect on the MK-801-induced learning impairment. Taken together, our results showed that 5-HT(7) and 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonists mimic the effect of lurasidone in whole or in part, respectively, to reverse MK-801-induced learning and memory impairment, which warrants further investigation of the interaction of lurasidone with these serotonin receptors as a possible mechanism underlying its procognitive effects in these animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Horisawa
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
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Ardjmand A, Rezayof A, Zarrindast MR. Involvement of central amygdala NMDA receptor mechanism in morphine state-dependent memory retrieval. Neurosci Res 2011; 69:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ceretta APC, Camera K, Mello CF, Rubin MA. Arcaine and MK-801 make recall state-dependent in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008; 201:405-11. [PMID: 18758754 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are a group of aliphatic amines that may act as physiological modulators of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a glutamate receptor implicated in memory formation and consolidation. Arcaine is a competitive antagonist of the polyamine binding site at the NMDA receptor, the post-training administration of which impairs memory of various tasks. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated whether the administration of arcaine and MK-801 alters the memory of the step-down inhibitory avoidance task, and whether the effects of these NMDA antagonists involve state-dependency mechanisms, in adult male Wistar rats. RESULTS The administration of arcaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or MK-801 (0.03 mg/kg, i.p.) immediately after training impaired inhibitory avoidance performance at testing. Arcaine- and MK-801-induced performance impairment was reversed by the administration of arcaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and MK-801 (0.03 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively, 30 min before testing. Response transfer also occurred if arcaine substituted MK-801 at testing, and vice-versa. CONCLUSION These results suggest that arcaine and MK-801 induce state-dependent recall and that, probably due to their ability to decrease NMDA receptor function, one drug can substitute for the other at testing, demonstrating a cross-state dependency between arcaine and MK-801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Chiapinotto Ceretta
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Figueredo LZP, Moreira KM, Ferreira TL, Fornari RV, Oliveira MGM. Interaction between glutamatergic-NMDA and cholinergic-muscarinic systems in classical fear conditioning. Brain Res Bull 2008; 77:71-6. [PMID: 18582541 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have suggested that the glutamatergic and cholinergic systems are both involved in learning and memory processes and that they interact in order to facilitate these processes. However, the role of M1-muscarinic receptors in mediating this interaction has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine whether the concomitant administration of MK-801 (non-competitive NMDA antagonist) and dicyclomine (M1-muscarinic antagonist--DIC) in sub-effective doses impairs contextual fear conditioning (hippocampal-dependent task) and tone fear conditioning tasks (hippocampal-independent task). The results showed that concomitant pre-training administration of DIC (8.0 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.07 mg/kg)--two sub-effectives doses for the contextual fear conditioning task--does impair the performance of animals on this task (as measured by freezing behavior time). Tone fear conditioning tasks were not affected by the drugs either administered separately or concurrently. The pre-training administration of sub-effective doses of MK-801 and DIC in combination impairs performance on contextual fear conditioning task (hippocampal-dependent), but not on tone fear conditioning task (hippocampal-independent). These data support the hypothesis that the interaction between glutamatergic and cholinergic systems in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory processes probably occurs through M1 receptor.
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Wang JH, Zhang B, Meng ZQ, Sun NL, Ma MX, Zhang HX, Tang X, Sanford LD, Wilson FAW, Hu XT, Carlson S, Ma YY. Learning large-scale spatial relationships in a maze and effects of MK-801 on retrieval in the rhesus monkey. Dev Neurobiol 2007; 67:1731-41. [PMID: 17638390 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Monkeys have strong abilities to remember the visual properties of potential food sources for survival in the nature. The present study demonstrated the first observations of rhesus monkeys learning to solve complex spatial mazes in which routes were guided by visual cues. Three monkeys were trained in a maze (6 m x 6 m) included of four different mazes. We recorded the cue and cup errors, latencies, and pathway for each trial. The data showed that monkeys learned the target place after three days in the first maze and spent a shorter time in learning the following mazes. The maze was an efficient method to measure the ability and proceeding of spatial memory in monkeys. Moreover, working memory can also be tested by using the maze. MK-801 at 0.02 mg/kg but not at 0.005 mg/kg impaired monkeys' retrieval of spatial memory after they learned all four mazes. The present maze may provide an efficient method to help bridging the gap in cognition between nonhuman primates and humans, and in particular to gain insight into human cognitive function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hong Wang
- Laboratory of Primate Neuroscience Research and Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, People's Republic of China
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Ishiyama T, Tokuda K, Ishibashi T, Ito A, Toma S, Ohno Y. Lurasidone (SM-13496), a novel atypical antipsychotic drug, reverses MK-801-induced impairment of learning and memory in the rat passive-avoidance test. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 572:160-70. [PMID: 17662268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lurasidone (SM-13496) is a novel atypical antipsychotic with high affinities to dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT7, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A receptors and alpha2C adrenoceptor. In this study, the effects of lurasidone on the rat passive-avoidance response and its impairment by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine) were evaluated and compared with those of other antipsychotics. The passive-avoidance response was examined by measuring the step-through latency, 1 day after the animals received foot-shock training. When given before the training session, lurasidone did not affect the passive-avoidance response at any dose tested (1-30 mg/kg, p.o.). All the other atypical antipsychotics examined (i.e., risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, clozapine and aripiprazole), however, significantly reduced the step-through latency at relatively high doses. A pre-training administration of lurasidone significantly and dose-dependently reversed the MK-801-induced impairment of the passive-avoidance response. At doses lower than those that affected the passive-avoidance response, risperidone, quetiapine, and clozapine partially reduced the MK-801-induced impairment, whereas haloperidol, olanzapine, and aripiprazole were inactive. In addition, the post-training administration of lurasidone was as effective in countering the MK-801 effect as the pre-training administration, suggesting that lurasidone worked, at least in part, by restoring the memory consolidation process disrupted by MK-801. These results suggest that lurasidone is superior to other antipsychotics in improving the MK-801-induced memory impairment and may be clinically useful for treating cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Ishiyama
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
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23
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Golden GJ, Houpt TA. NMDA receptor in conditioned flavor-taste preference learning: blockade by MK-801 and enhancement by D-cycloserine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007; 86:587-96. [PMID: 17350084 PMCID: PMC2570030 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Conditioned flavor-taste preference (CFTP) is a robust form of learning in which animals acquire a preference for a flavor (e.g. Kool-Aid) previously mixed with a highly preferred tastant (e.g. fructose) over a flavor previously mixed with a less-preferred tastant (e.g. saccharin). Here, the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate-glycine receptor (NR) was probed using systemic MK-801, a non-competitive antagonist, and D-cycloserine (DCS), a glycine agonist. Rats were injected with MK-801 (100 microg/kg) or vehicle 30 min prior to a daily 2-h conditioning session with 1-bottle access to a Kool-Aid flavor (grape or cherry) mixed with either 8% fructose (CS+/F) or 0.2% saccharin (CS-/S). CFTP expression was measured in 2-bottle preference tests between the Kool-Aid flavors mixed with 0.2% saccharin (CS+/S vs. CS-/S). While vehicle-treated rats acquired a preference for CS+/S over CS-/S, MK-801 prior to conditioning completely blocked CFTP learning. The effect of MK-801 was specific to CFTP acquisition, because follow-up experiments demonstrated that MK-801 did not induce a conditioned taste aversion, cause state-dependent learning, or affect CFTP expression. In a second approach, rats were injected with DCS (15 mg/kg) 60 min prior to daily conditioning. In contrast to MK-801, administration of DCS prior to conditioning enhanced CFTP learning (but not reversal conditioning). These results demonstrate that NR neurotransmission is critical for CFTP learning. Furthermore, enhancement of CFTP learning by DCS suggests that endogenous levels of glycine or D-serine may be a limiting factor in CFTP learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen J Golden
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4340, USA
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Romieu P, Lucas M, Maurice T. Sigma1 receptor ligands and related neuroactive steroids interfere with the cocaine-induced state of memory. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31:1431-43. [PMID: 16132061 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present series of experiments examined the involvement of the sigma(1) receptor and related neuroactive steroids in the memory state induced by a very low dose of cocaine. Using a modified passive avoidance procedure in mice, we examined whether cocaine induces state-dependent (StD) learning. Animals trained and tested with saline or the same dose of cocaine (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg) showed correct retention, measured using two independent parameters: the retention latency and a ratio between the retention latency and the last training latency. Animals trained with cocaine (0.1 mg/kg) and tested with saline or cocaine (0.03, 0.3 mg/kg), or trained with saline and tested with cocaine, showed altered retention parameters, demonstrating that StD occurred. Therefore, cocaine administered before training produced a chemical state used as an endogenous cue to insure optimal retention. Since sigma(1) receptor activation is an important event during the acquisition of cocaine reward, we tested several sigma(1) ligands and related neurosteroids. The sigma(1) agonist igmesine or antagonist BD1047 failed to produce StD, but modified the cocaine state. Among neuroactive steroids, pregnanolone and allopregnanolone, positive modulators of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor, produced StD. However, steroids also acting as sigma(1) agonists, dehydroepiandrosterone (3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androsten-17-one (DHEA)), pregnenolone, or antagonist, progesterone, failed to induce StD but modified the cocaine state. Furthermore, optimal retention was observed with mice trained with (igmesine or DHEA)+cocaine and tested with a higher dose of cocaine, or with mice trained with (BD1047 or progesterone)+cocaine and tested with vehicle. This study demonstrated that: (i) low doses of cocaine induce a chemical state/memory trace sustaining StD; (ii) modulation of the sigma(1) receptor activation, although insufficient to provoke StD, modulates the cocaine state; (iii) neuroactive steroids exert a unique role in state-dependent vs state-independent learning, via GABA(A) or sigma(1) receptor modulation, and are able to affect the cocaine-induced mnesic trace at low brain concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Romieu
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology Group, INSERM U. 336, Institut de Biologie, Montpellier, France
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Monteiro Moreira K, Lima Ferreira T, Vecchio Fornari R, Perez Figueredo LZ, Menezes Oliveira MG. Interaction between M1-muscarinic and glutamatergic NMDA receptors on an inhibitory avoidance task. Brain Res Bull 2005; 67:504-8. [PMID: 16216700 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Revised: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that MK-801 potentiates the effects of the non-selective muscarinic antagonist scopolamine on memory in rats. In this study, we investigated the role of the M1-muscarinic receptor in this interaction, by administering different doses of dicyclomine (DIC) and MK-801 in combination to male Wistar rats before training on the inhibitory avoidance task. MK-801 and DIC in sub-effective doses were administered in combination. It was observed that MK-801 at a dose of 0.1125 mg/kg with a sub-effective dose of 8 mg/kg of DIC significantly impaired the retention test when compared with saline-treated animals, i.e. MK-801 potentiated the effects of dicyclomine on memory impairment. Our results suggest an important role for the M1-muscarinic receptor in the synergistic interaction between cholinergic muscarinic and glutamatergic NMDA receptors, which is in line with the findings that the interactive modulation between these two neurotransmitters systems constitutes an important mechanism in cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Monteiro Moreira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, CEP 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bizot JC, Herpin A, Pothion S, Pirot S, Trovero F, Ollat H. Chronic treatment with sulbutiamine improves memory in an object recognition task and reduces some amnesic effects of dizocilpine in a spatial delayed-non-match-to-sample task. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2005; 29:928-35. [PMID: 15951087 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a sulbutiamine chronic treatment on memory was studied in rats with a spatial delayed-non-match-to-sample (DNMTS) task in a radial maze and a two trial object recognition task. After completion of training in the DNMTS task, animals were subjected for 9 weeks to daily injections of either saline or sulbutiamine (12.5 or 25 mg/kg). Sulbutiamine did not modify memory in the DNMTS task but improved it in the object recognition task. Dizocilpine, impaired both acquisition and retention of the DNMTS task in the saline-treated group, but not in the two sulbutiamine-treated groups, suggesting that sulbutiamine may counteract the amnesia induced by a blockade of the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors. Taken together, these results are in favor of a beneficial effect of sulbutiamine on working and episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Bizot
- Key-Obs S.A., Centre d'Innovation, 16 rue Léonard de Vinci, 45074 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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Abstract
Classical conditioning provides a rich and powerful method for studying basic learning, memory, and emotion processes in animals. However, it is important to recognize that an animal's performance in a conditioning experiment provides only an indirect indication of what it has learned. Various remembering and forgetting processes, in addition to other psychological processes, may intervene and complicate what investigators can infer about learning from performance. This article reviews the role of context, interference, and retrieval in a number of classical conditioning phenomena (e.g. extinction), and provides an overview of how long-term and short-term memory processes influence behavior as it is studied in classical conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Bouton
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Klenerová V, Kaminský O, Sída P, Krejcí I, Hlinák Z, Hynie S. Impaired passive avoidance acquisition in Sprague-Dawley and Lewis rats after restraint and cold stress. Behav Brain Res 2002; 136:21-9. [PMID: 12385787 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study examined the effects of restraint combined with cold water stress (IMO+C) on learning and memory of Sprague-Dawley (S-D) and Lewis (LE) rats in the passive avoidance task. The procedure started with 6 days of adaptation to the apparatus during which the recorded latencies to enter the dark compartment were used to assess the process of habituation. On the training day rats were exposed to IMO+C for 60 min and the stressor exposure terminated 1 h before the acquisition trial. Retention trials started 24 h later. To evaluate the possible long-term consequences of the acute and repeated stress presentation on the performance of the two strains with diverse activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, this procedure was performed three times including stress application (Parts 1-3). Finally, an identical procedure was performed without stress (Part 4). An immediate behavioural effect of the stressor exposure was observed in an increase of latencies to enter the dark compartment before the shock delivery in rats of both strains; this enhancement approached significance after the second and third exposure to the stressor (Parts 2 and 3). Control animals of both strains acquired passive avoidance response after training in Parts 2-4. IMO+C produced significant impairment of this response irrespective of the strain. The three-time repeated exposure did not influence the ability to learn the task in the final procedure without stress. Differences in behaviour of S-D and LE rats were observed already during the first adaptation period. LE rats exhibited longer latencies upon the first exposure to the novel environment compared to S-D rats. Also only LE rats displayed habituation. In Part 4 marked strain differences in the latencies both before and after training were recorded. The results show that the repeated exposure to the IMO+C stressor proved to be a strong amnestic stimulus but without persisting consequences for the ability of rats to acquire the learning task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Klenerová
- Charles University in Prague, First Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Albertov 4, Czech Republic.
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