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Netterfield TS, Ostheimer GJ, Tentner AR, Joughin BA, Dakoyannis AM, Sharma CD, Sorger PK, Janes KA, Lauffenburger DA, Yaffe MB. Biphasic JNK-Erk signaling separates the induction and maintenance of cell senescence after DNA damage induced by topoisomerase II inhibition. Cell Syst 2023; 14:582-604.e10. [PMID: 37473730 PMCID: PMC10627503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic stress in mammalian cells, including those caused by anti-cancer chemotherapy, can induce temporary cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage-induced senescence (DDIS), or apoptotic cell death. Despite obvious clinical importance, it is unclear how the signals emerging from DNA damage are integrated together with other cellular signaling pathways monitoring the cell's environment and/or internal state to control different cell fates. Using single-cell-based signaling measurements combined with tensor partial least square regression (t-PLSR)/principal component analysis (PCA) analysis, we show that JNK and Erk MAPK signaling regulates the initiation of cell senescence through the transcription factor AP-1 at early times after doxorubicin-induced DNA damage and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) at late times after damage. These results identify temporally distinct roles for signaling pathways beyond the classic DNA damage response (DDR) that control the cell senescence decision and modulate the tumor microenvironment and reveal fundamental similarities between signaling pathways responsible for oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and senescence caused by topoisomerase II inhibition. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Netterfield
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gerard J Ostheimer
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrea R Tentner
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexandra M Dakoyannis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charvi D Sharma
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Computer Science and Molecular Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, and Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Song D, Lian Y, Zhang L. The potential of activator protein 1 (AP-1) in cancer targeted therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224892. [PMID: 37483616 PMCID: PMC10361657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that consists of a diverse group of members including Jun, Fos, Maf, and ATF. AP-1 involves a number of processes such as proliferation, migration, and invasion in cells. Dysfunctional AP-1 activity is associated with cancer initiation, development, invasion, migration and drug resistance. Therefore, AP-1 is a potential target for cancer targeted therapy. Currently, some small molecule inhibitors targeting AP-1 have been developed and tested, showing some anticancer effects. However, AP-1 is complex and diverse in its structure and function, and different dimers may play different roles in different type of cancers. Therefore, more research is needed to reveal the specific mechanisms of AP-1 in cancer, and how to select appropriate inhibitors and treatment strategies. Ultimately, this review summarizes the potential of combination therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Lian
- Department of Obstetrics, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
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Li H, Yan L, Li B, Wei G, Ju R. Inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activates P-glycoprotein (P-gp) by phosphorylating c-Jun and thus promotes transportation in placental cells. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1470-1481. [PMID: 36247888 PMCID: PMC9561510 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the ABCB1 gene, actively pumps drugs and other xenobiotics from trophoblast cells back into the maternal circulation and thus acts as one of the most critical protectors of the fetus. The effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on P-gp and molecule-transporting activity remains unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of TNF-α in placental molecule-transporting activity and the underlies mechanisms. METHODS Cultured human placental choriocarcinoma cell lines, Bewo, JEG-3 and JAR, were used in this study. Cultured cells were incubated with 5, 10 and 20 ng/mL of recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α) for 24 h, respectively, for follow-up experiments. The dimer form and expression of activator protein-1 (AP-1) family members were detected using Western blot (WB) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). mRNA and protein expression of ABCB1 were detected using reverse transcriptional quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and WB, respectively. Double luciferase labeling was used to verify the concentration of digoxin. Electromobility shift assay (EMSA) and ChIP were used to identify the binding ability of c-Jun to ABCB1 gene promoter. Proliferation and apoptosis of Bewo cells were determined using flow cytometry. Digoxin concentration were determined using dual luciferase labeling method. RESULTS Administration of rTNF-α upregulated the expression of c-Jun but not JunB or JunD in a dose-dependent manner and promoted the binding of c-Jun to the ABCB1 promoter region in Bewo cells. rTNF-α also increased the uptake of two P-gp-specific substrates, Rh123 and DiOC2(3), a function reversed by the addition of SP600125 and SR11302. We also found that rTNF-α increased the efflux ratio of digoxin, an outcome that was reversed, as expected, by inhibiting c-Jun and P-gp binding activities. Furthermore, we identified that rTNF-α tightly regulates the molecule-transporting activity of P-gp by promoting the phosphorylation of c-Jun. CONCLUSIONS TNF-α activates P-gp to promote placental molecule-transporting activity by directly upregulating c-Jun expression and phosphorylation. These findings demonstrate the clinical significance of TNF-α in modulating the placental barrier, which plays an important role in protecting fetus against harmful drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Li
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Respiration Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Ju
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Ong Q, Wee W, Dela Cruz J, Teo JWR, Han W. 222-Nanometer Far-UVC Exposure Results in DNA Damage and Transcriptional Changes to Mammalian Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169112. [PMID: 36012379 PMCID: PMC9408858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) germicidal tools have recently gained attention as a disinfection strategy against the COVID-19 pandemic, but the safety profile arising from their exposure has been controversial and impeded larger-scale implementation. We compare the emerging 222-nanometer far UVC and 277-nanometer UVC LED disinfection modules with the traditional UVC mercury lamp emitting at 254 nm to understand their effects on human retinal cell line ARPE-19 and HEK-A keratinocytes. Cells illuminated with 222-nanometer far UVC survived, while those treated with 254-nanometer and 277-nanometer wavelengths underwent apoptosis via the JNK/ATF2 pathway. However, cells exposed to 222-nanometer far UVC presented the highest degree of DNA damage as evidenced by yH2AX staining. Globally, these cells displayed transcriptional changes in cell-cycle and senescence pathways. Thus, the introduction of 222-nanometer far UVC lamps for disinfection purposes should be carefully considered and designed with the inherent dangers involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunxiang Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Correspondence: (Q.O.); (W.H.)
| | - Winson Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Joshua Dela Cruz
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Jin Wah Ronnie Teo
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-04, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Correspondence: (Q.O.); (W.H.)
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Hu F, Ma Y, Xu Z, Zhang S, Li J, Sun X, Wu J. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals the Cellular Diversity and Developmental Characteristics of the Retinas of an Infant and a Young Child. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803466. [PMID: 35386199 PMCID: PMC8979067 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human retina, located in the innermost layer of the eye, plays a decisive role in visual perception. Dissecting the heterogeneity of retinal cells is essential for understanding the mechanism of visual development. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-seq to analyze 194,967 cells from the donors of infants and young children, resulting in 17 distinct clusters representing major cell types in the retina: rod photoreceptors (PRs), cone PRs, bipolar cells (BCs), horizontal cells (HCs), amacrine cells (ACs), retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), Müller glial cells (MGs), microglia, and astrocytes (ASTs). Through reclustering, we identified known subtypes of cone PRs as well as additional unreported subpopulations and corresponding markers in BCs. Additionally, we linked inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) to certain cell subtypes or subpopulations through enrichment analysis. We next constructed extensive intercellular communication networks and identified ligand-receptor interactions that play crucial roles in regulating neural cell development and immune homeostasis in the retina. Intriguingly, we found that the status and functions of PRs changed drastically between the young children and adult retina. Overall, our study offers the first retinal cell atlas in infants and young children dissecting the heterogeneity of the retina and identifying the key molecules in the developmental process, which provides an important resource that will pave the way for research on retinal development mechanisms and advancements in regenerative medicine concerning retinal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Hu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zaoxu Xu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghai Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xinghuai Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
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The Tardigrade Damage Suppressor Protein Modulates Transcription Factor and DNA Repair Genes in Human Cells Treated with Hydroxyl Radicals and UV-C. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100970. [PMID: 34681069 PMCID: PMC8533384 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Ramazzottius varieornatus is known to be the most resilient invertebrate on Earth. Belonging to the phylum of Tardigrada, it can live in any habitat, from the deep sea to various terrestrial environments, surviving in extreme temperatures, severe dryness or air deprivation. This exceptional tolerance to extreme conditions is attributable to the Dsup protein, which is able to bind and “protect” the DNA of this micro-animal, allowing it to survive where most other forms of life would quickly die. By introducing Dsup in human cell cultures, we investigated how this protein operates in response to two different extreme conditions: oxidative stress and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. We learned that Dsup increases cell survival by triggering significantly different cellular mechanisms. In cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, Dsup “physically” protects DNA and activates several detoxification pathways aimed to remove intracellular free radicals. In contrast to this, a direct protection of DNA is not exerted by Dsup after UV irradiation, but the protein seems to activate mechanisms of DNA damage repair more efficiently, promoting faster cell recovery and survival. Even though further studies are required, understanding the mechanisms associated with Dsup resistance to cell damage may represent an important benefit for humans and plants. Abstract The Ramazzottius varieornatus tardigrade is an extremotolerant terrestrial invertebrate with a length of 0.1–1.0 mm. These small animals show an extraordinary tolerance to extreme conditions such as high pressure, irradiation, chemicals and dehydration. These abilities are linked to a recently discovered damage suppressor protein (Dsup). Dsup is a nucleosome-binding protein that avoids DNA damage after X-ray and oxidative stress exposure without impairing cell life in Dsup-transfected animal and plant cells. The exact “protective” role of this protein is still under study. In human cells, we confirmed that Dsup confers resistance to UV-C and H2O2 exposure compared to untransfected cells. A different transcription factor activation was also observed. In addition, a different expression of endogenous genes involved in apoptosis, cell survival and DNA repair was found in Dsup+ cells after H2O2 and UV-C. In UV-C exposed cells, Dsup efficiently upregulates DNA damage repair genes, while H2O2 treatment only marginally involves the activation of pathways responsible for DNA repair in Dsup+ cells. These data are in agreement with the idea of a direct protective effect of the protein on DNA after oxidative stress. In conclusion, our data may help to outline the different mechanisms by which the Dsup protein works in response to different insults.
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Ling Q, Li F, Zhang X, Mao S, Lin X, Pan J, Ye W, Wei W, Qian Y, Hu C, Huang X, Wang J, Wang H, Huang J, Wang Y, Jin J. MAP4K1 functions as a tumor promotor and drug mediator for AML via modulation of DNA damage/repair system and MAPK pathway. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103441. [PMID: 34166980 PMCID: PMC8239467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of heterogeneous hematologic malignancies correlates with poor prognosis. It is important to identify biomarkers for effective treatment of AML. Kinases participate in many regulatory pathways and biological activities in AML. Previous studies demonstrated that MAP4K1, a serine/threonine kinase, was associated with immune regulation and cancer progression. However, its role and mechanism in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have not been explored. Methods: RNA-seq profiling was performed for Homoharringtonine (HHT)-resistant and Homoharringtonine (HHT)-sensitive cell lines. Bioinformatic tools were used for differential analysis. Cell culture and transfection, Cell proliferation, apoptosis and Cell cycle assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blotting analysis were used to explore biological phenotypes in vitro. Findings: We found that MAP4K1 was highly expressed in HHT-induced resistant AML cell lines. In addition, overexpression of MAP4K1 in AML cells induced resistance of AML cells against HHT. Not only that, the findings of this study showed that overexpression of MAP4K1 was an independent risk factor that predicts poor prognosis of AML. Further, In vitro studies showed that MAP4K1 modulated cell cycle through MAPK and DNA damage/repair pathways. Therefore, MAP4K1 is a potential target for developing therapies for AML. Interpretation: This study demonstrates that MAP4K1 not only regulates HHT resistance but also independently predicts AML prognosis. In addition, understanding the regulatory mechanism of MAP4K1 reveals novel treatment strategies for resistant and refractory AML. Fundings: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No.81800199, 81670124, 82070118) and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY20H080008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ling
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihui Mao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjie Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenle Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yungui Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Stolz ML, McCormick C. The bZIP Proteins of Oncogenic Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070757. [PMID: 32674309 PMCID: PMC7412551 DOI: 10.3390/v12070757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) govern diverse cellular processes and cell fate decisions. The hallmark of the leucine zipper domain is the heptad repeat, with leucine residues at every seventh position in the domain. These leucine residues enable homo- and heterodimerization between ZIP domain α-helices, generating coiled-coil structures that stabilize interactions between adjacent DNA-binding domains and target DNA substrates. Several cancer-causing viruses encode viral bZIP TFs, including human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the herpesviruses Marek’s disease virus (MDV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these viral bZIP TFs and their impact on viral replication, host cell responses and cell fate.
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c-Jun Overexpression Accelerates Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats by Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7430968. [PMID: 32399050 PMCID: PMC7201444 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7430968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising therapy for wound healing. Here, we explored the role of c-Jun in diabetic wound healing using human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs). Methods Freshly isolated hUC-MSCs were subjected to extensive in vitro subcultivation. The cell proliferative and migratory capacities were assessed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 and scratch assays, respectively. c-Jun expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The function of c-Jun was investigated with lentivirus transduction-based gene silencing and overexpression. Diabetes mellitus was induced in SD rats on a high-glucose/fat diet by streptozocin administration. Wounds were created on the dorsal skin. The effects of c-Jun silencing and overexpression on wound closure by hUC-MSCs were examined. Reepithelialization and angiogenesis were assessed by histological and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively. Platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were determined by western blot analysis. Results hUC-MSCs showed gradually decreased cell proliferation, migration, and c-Jun expression during subcultivation. c-Jun silencing inhibited cell proliferation and migration, while c-Jun overexpression enhanced proliferation but not migration. Compared with untransduced hUC-MSCs, local subcutaneous injection of c-Jun-overexpressing hUC-MSCs accelerated wound closure, enhanced angiogenesis and reepithelialization at the wound bed, and increased PDGFA and HGF levels in wound tissues. Conclusion c-Jun overexpression promoted hUC-MSC proliferation and migration in vitro and accelerated diabetic wound closure, reepithelization, and angiogenesis by hUC-MSCs in vivo. These beneficial effects of c-Jun overexpression in diabetic wound healing by hUC-MSCs were at least partially mediated by increased PDGFA and HGF levels in wound tissues.
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FBXW7-mediated stability regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 in melanoma formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:584-594. [PMID: 31843895 PMCID: PMC6955312 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909879116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological relevance of STAT2 (a member of STAT family) in melanoma formation is clearly shown using a human skin tissue array. Moreover, FBXW7-mediated STAT2 protein stability regulation via ubiquitination is shown to play an essential role in melanoma cell proliferation in monolayer and anchorage-independent 3D culture systems. The molecular mechanisms that regulate STAT2 protein stability by FBXW7 include the interaction between CCD and DBD domains of STAT2 and the WD40 domain of FBXW7. STAT2 phosphorylation at the putative degron motifs that contain Ser381, Thr385, and Ser393 might be mediated by GSK3β. These serve as critical amino acids that form hydrogen bonds with the WD40 domain of FBXW7. Thus, the FBXW7–STAT2 signaling axis is an important target for melanoma treatment. In this study, we provide critical evidence that STAT2 stability regulation plays an essential role in melanoma cell proliferation and colony growth. We found that the interaction of FBXW7 and STAT2 induced STAT2 destabilization via a ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation pathway. Notably, GSK3β-mediated STAT2 phosphorylation facilitated STAT2–FBXW7 interactions via the DNA binding domain of STAT2 and domains 1, 2, 6, and 7 of FBXW7 WD40. Importantly, the inverse correlation between protein levels of STAT2 and FBXW7 were observed not only in human melanoma cells but also in a human skin cancer tissue array. The relationship between protein levels of STAT2 and FBXW7, cell proliferation, and colony growth were similarly observed in the melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-2, -5, and -28. Moreover, STAT2 knockdown in melanoma cells suppressed melanoma cell proliferation and colony formation. These data demonstrated that FBXW7-mediated STAT2 stability regulation plays an essential role in melanoma cell proliferation and cancer growth.
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11
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The Signaling of Cellular Senescence in Diabetic Nephropathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7495629. [PMID: 31687085 PMCID: PMC6794967 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7495629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in western countries. Notably, it has a rapidly rising prevalence in China. The patients, commonly complicated with cardiovascular diseases and neurologic disorders, are at high risk to progress into end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and death. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy have not been determined. Cellular senescence, which recently has gained broad attention, is thought to be an important player in the onset and development of diabetic nephropathy. In this issue, we generally review the mechanisms of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy, which involve telomere attrition, DNA damage, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of Klotho, Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation, persistent inflammation, and accumulation of uremic toxins. Moreover, we highlight the potential therapeutic targets of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy and provide important clues for clinical strategies.
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12
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Janson ND, Jehanathan N, Jung S, Priyathilaka TT, Nam BH, Kim MJ, Lee J. Insight into the molecular function and transcriptional regulation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) components c-Jun/c-Fos ortholog in red lip mullet (Liza haematocheila). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:597-611. [PMID: 31400511 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1), is a dimeric protein and a downstream member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. It regulates a wide array of functions including, cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, response to UV-irradiation, immune responses, and inflammatory conditions. AP-1 belongs to the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein family, which consists of members from Jun, Fos, Maf, and ATF subfamilies. In the present study, c-Jun and c-Fos homologs were identified from a transcriptome database of Liza haematocheila and designated as Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos. In both sequences, the signature bZIP domain was identified and also the DNA binding sites, dimerization sites, as well as the phosphorylation sites, were found to be highly conserved through evolution. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that both Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues of healthy mullets. In order to determine the transcriptional modulations of Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos, challenge experiments were carried out using LPS, poly I:C, and L. garvieae. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed significant upregulation of Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos in blood, gill, liver, and spleen. This is the first study that explores the correlation between UV-irradiation and AP-1 ortholog expression in teleosts. Also, this is the first time that the functional characterization of the teleost c-Fos ortholog has been carried out. Sub-cellular localization of Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos was observed in the nucleus. AP-1-Luc reporter assays revealed significant higher luciferase activities in both Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos proteins compared to mock controls. These results strongly suggest that Lhc-Jun and Lhc-Fos might play a significant role in Liza haematocheila immunity by regulating AP-1 promoter sequences in immune and stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Janson
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Nilojan Jehanathan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Al Bitar S, Gali-Muhtasib H. The Role of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 cip1/waf1 in Targeting Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101475. [PMID: 31575057 PMCID: PMC6826572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
p21cip1/waf1 mediates various biological activities by sensing and responding to multiple stimuli, via p53-dependent and independent pathways. p21 is known to act as a tumor suppressor mainly by inhibiting cell cycle progression and allowing DNA repair. Significant advances have been made in elucidating the potential role of p21 in promoting tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the involvement of p21 in multiple signaling pathways, its dual role in cancer, and the importance of understanding its paradoxical functions for effectively designing therapeutic strategies that could selectively inhibit its oncogenic activities, override resistance to therapy and yet preserve its tumor suppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al Bitar
- Department of Biology, and Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1103, Lebanon.
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology, and Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1103, Lebanon.
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14
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Evolution Shapes the Gene Expression Response to Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123040. [PMID: 31234431 PMCID: PMC6627103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in cell physiology and function. ROS represents a potential source of damage for many macromolecules including DNA. It is thought that daily changes in oxidative stress levels were an important early factor driving evolution of the circadian clock which enables organisms to predict changes in ROS levels before they actually occur and thereby optimally coordinate survival strategies. It is clear that ROS, at relatively low levels, can serve as an important signaling molecule and also serves as a key regulator of gene expression. Therefore, the mechanisms that have evolved to survive or harness these effects of ROS are ancient evolutionary adaptations that are tightly interconnected with most aspects of cellular physiology. Our understanding of these mechanisms has been mainly based on studies using a relatively small group of genetic models. However, we know comparatively little about how these mechanisms are conserved or have adapted during evolution under different environmental conditions. In this review, we describe recent work that has revealed significant species-specific differences in the gene expression response to ROS by exploring diverse organisms. This evidence supports the notion that during evolution, rather than being highly conserved, there is inherent plasticity in the molecular mechanisms responding to oxidative stress.
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15
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Melo Pereira S, Ribeiro R, Logarinho E. Approaches towards Longevity: Reprogramming, Senolysis, and Improved Mitotic Competence as Anti-Aging Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E938. [PMID: 30795536 PMCID: PMC6413205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mainstream approaches that are currently used as anti-aging therapies primarily explore the senescence and epigenetic drift aging hallmarks and they are at two ends of the spectrum. While senolytic therapies include either the selective elimination of senescent cells or the disruption of their secretome with the use of drugs or natural compounds, cellular reprogramming uses genetic manipulation to revert cells all the way back to pluripotency. Here, we describe the progress that has been made on these therapies, while highlighting the major challenges involved. Moreover, based on recent findings elucidating the impact of mitotic shutdown and aneuploidy in cellular senescence, we discuss the modulation of mitotic competence as an alternative strategy to delay the hallmarks of aging. We propose that a regulated rise in mitotic competence of cells could circumvent certain limitations that are present in the senolytic and reprogramming approaches, by acting to decelerate senescence and possibly restore the epigenetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Melo Pereira
- Ageing and Aneuploidy Laboratory, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- Ageing and Aneuploidy Laboratory, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Elsa Logarinho
- Ageing and Aneuploidy Laboratory, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cell Division Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Biology, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Bei Y, Pan LL, Zhou Q, Zhao C, Xie Y, Wu C, Meng X, Gu H, Xu J, Zhou L, Sluijter JPG, Das S, Agerberth B, Sun J, Xiao J. Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. BMC Med 2019; 17:42. [PMID: 30782145 PMCID: PMC6381635 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathelicidins are a major group of natural antimicrobial peptides which play essential roles in regulating host defense and immunity. In addition to the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, recent studies have reported the involvement of cathelicidins in cardiovascular diseases by regulating inflammatory response and microvascular dysfunction. However, the role of cathelicidins in myocardial apoptosis upon cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains largely unknown. METHODS CRAMP (cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide) levels were measured in the heart and serum from I/R mice and in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes treated with oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGDR). Human serum cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (LL-37) levels were measured in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. The role of CRAMP in myocardial apoptosis upon I/R injury was investigated in mice injected with the CRAMP peptide and in CRAMP knockout (KO) mice, as well as in OGDR-treated cardiomyocytes. RESULTS We observed reduced CRAMP level in both heart and serum samples from I/R mice and in OGDR-treated cardiomyocytes, as well as reduced LL-37 level in MI patients. Knockdown of CRAMP enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and CRAMP KO mice displayed increased infarct size and myocardial apoptosis. In contrast, the CRAMP peptide reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and I/R injury. The CRAMP peptide inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activation of Akt and ERK1/2 and phosphorylation and nuclear export of FoxO3a. c-Jun was identified as a negative regulator of the CRAMP gene. Moreover, lower level of serum LL-37/neutrophil ratio was associated with readmission and/or death in MI patients during 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS CRAMP protects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac I/R injury via activation of Akt and ERK and phosphorylation and nuclear export of FoxO3a. Increasing LL-37 might be a novel therapy for cardiac ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Cuimei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Chengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiangmin Meng
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Huanyu Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Birgitta Agerberth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, F68, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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17
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Nagesh R, Kiran Kumar KM, Naveen Kumar M, Patil RH, Sharma SC. Stress activated p38 MAPK regulates cell cycle via AP-1 factors in areca extract exposed human lung epithelial cells. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:507-520. [PMID: 30712155 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Areca nut chewing habits are associated with several oral manifestations like leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Although numerous evidence on areca toxicity is known but the mechanistic pathway of disease causation is to be studied. Aqueous areca nut extract treated A549 cells showed reduced cell viability by 48 h with IC50 value of 0.50%. The toxic nature of areca nut induced the production of reactive oxygen species with decreased anti-oxidant glutathione S transferase levels lead to altered redox homeostasis. PCR studies showed decreased mRNA levels of Jun and Fos AP-1 subunits on extract treatment by 48 h. The protein levels of PCNA, CDK4, RB, p53, c-Jun and c-Fos were found to be downregulated with upregulated CDK inhibitor p21 on extract treatment as compared to control. Results of FACS analysis further confirm G1/S phase cell cycle arrest on areca nut extract exposure. The regulation of downstream AP-1 subunits by MAPKs was studied by using specific inhibitors of ERK, JNK and p38 along with areca nut extract. Results showed the redox activation of MAP kinases down regulated the mRNA levels of AP-1 subunits in aqueous areca nut extract treated cells. Hence the present study aids in elucidating the role of MAP kinases in regulating the AP-1 subunits and their implications on target genes that are involved regulation of various cellular processes. Further, it would help in understanding the mechanistic aspects of the diseased state which may facilitate in designing of new therapeutic modalities that could help in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Nagesh
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 056, India.
| | - K M Kiran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 056, India
| | - M Naveen Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 056, India
| | - Rajeshwari H Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 056, India.,Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 012, India
| | - S Chidananda Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 056, India
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18
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Kielosto M, Eriksson J, Nummela P, Yin M, Hölttä E. Divergent roles of lysyl oxidase family members in ornithine decarboxylase- and RAS-transformed mouse fibroblasts and human melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37733-37752. [PMID: 30701028 PMCID: PMC6340875 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that proto-oncoprotein c-Jun is activated in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)- and RAS-transformed mouse fibroblasts, and that the transformed morphology of these cells can be reversed by expressing the transactivation domain deletion mutant of c-Jun (TAM67). Here, we found that lysyl oxidase (Lox), encoding an extracellular matrix-modifying enzyme, is downregulated in a c-Jun-dependent manner in ODC-transformed fibroblasts (Odc cells). In addition to Lox, the Lox family members Lox-like 1 and 3 (Loxl1 and Loxl3) were found to be downregulated in Odc as well as in RAS-transformed fibroblasts (E4), whereas Lox-like 4 (Loxl4) was upregulated in Odc and downregulated in E4 cells compared to normal N1 fibroblasts. Tetracycline-regulatable LOX re-expression in Odc cells led to inhibition of cell growth and invasion in three-dimensional Matrigel in an activity-independent manner. On the contrary, LOX and especially LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4 were found to be upregulated in several human melanoma cell lines, and LOX inhibitor B-aminopropionitrile inhibited the invasive growth of these cells particularly when co-cultured with fibroblasts in Matrigel. Knocking down the expression of LOX and especially LOXL2 in melanoma cells almost completely abrogated the invasive growth capability. Further, LOXL2 was significantly upregulated in clinical human primary melanomas compared to benign nevi, and high expression of LOXL2 in primary melanomas was associated with formation of metastases and shorter survival of patients. Thus, our studies reveal that inactive pro-LOX (together with Lox propeptide) functions as a tumor suppressor in ODC- and RAS-transformed murine fibroblasts by inhibiting cell growth and invasion, and active LOX and LOXL2 as tumor promoters in human melanoma cells by promoting their invasive growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kielosto
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Eriksson
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nummela
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Current address: University of Helsinki, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miao Yin
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Hölttä
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Xu H, Liu X, Jia Y, Dong F, Xu J, Wu X, Yang Y, Zheng Y. Fipronil-induced toxic effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae by using digital gene expression profiling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:550-559. [PMID: 29800848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil residue has caused widespread concern around the world, especially after the recent "toxic eggs" event in seven European countries. To evaluate the effects of fipronil on vertebrates, zebrafish larvae were used as an animal model to examine the lethal effect, developmental phenotypes at high doses, and possible mechanisms of toxicity by employing digital gene expression (DGE) profiling at environmentally relevant doses. The results of acute toxicity test indicated that treatment with fipronil from 75 h post-fertilization (hpf) led to the death of larvae with a 96-h LC50 value of 459 μg/L, as well as abnormal development including bent spine and shortened body length. Besides, we obtained high-quality-sequencing DGE profilings at fipronil concentrations of 0.5, 5, and 50 μg/L, respectively. The results revealed that 44 differentially expressed genes, 10 GO terms, and 3 KEGG pathways were overlapped among the three concentrations. MIDN, one of the 44 differentially expressed genes, showed dose-dependent responses at the transcriptional level, indicating that it was possibly a potential biomarker to reflect fipronil toxicity in zebrafish. Furthermore, we presumed that the changing transcriptional level of AP-1 family was possibly a reason for bent spine and shortened body length in larvae exposed to fipronil. Concurrently, altered abundance of transcripts of the ELOVL family in a key step of fatty acid elongation could possibly lead to the accumulation of long-chain fatty acids. Collectively, our results suggested that exposure to fipronil caused lethal and developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae, and demonstrated the need for a comprehensive understanding of the potential mechanisms of fipronil toxicity due to fipronil's frequent presence in the environment and its potential threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yang Jia
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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20
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Suh SW, Choi YS, Hong SA, Kang H, Lee D, Kim HR. Preoperative erythropoietin treatment improves survival following major hepatic resection in a cirrhotic rat model. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42:347-352. [PMID: 29580765 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Major hepatic resection of a cirrhotic liver may result in a fatal clinical course. Preoperative erythropoietin (EPO) treatment has been shown to have protective properties and to stimulate liver regeneration. This study aims to investigate the effect of preoperative EPO on survival following major hepatic resection in a cirrhotic rat model. METHODS Cirrhotic liver was induced by intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide (200mg/kg/mL) in 72 Lewis rats. Each 36 rats received EPO (1IU/g, every second day, 5 times preoperatively) or saline (control) and major hepatectomy (removal of the left and half of the median lobe) was performed. Biochemical and immunohistochemical parameters, cytokines and overall survival were compared following surgery. RESULTS Rats that received preoperative EPO had decreased hepatic aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and interleukin (IL)-1β expression, 48hours following surgery. They had increased hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression at 1hour, increased IL-6 expression at 24, 48 and 120hours and increased Ki-67, 120hours following surgery. Overall, survival was significantly improved among EPO-treated rats (P=0.034). CONCLUSION Preoperative EPO treatment has a protective effect and stimulates liver regeneration, leading to improved overall survival following major hepatectomy in a cirrhotic rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Won Suh
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 224-1, Heuk Seok-Dong, Dongjak-Ku, Seoul, 156-755, South Korea
| | - Yoo Shin Choi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 224-1, Heuk Seok-Dong, Dongjak-Ku, Seoul, 156-755, South Korea.
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryoun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Zhang C, Chang C, Gao H, Wang Q, Zhang F, Xu C. MiR-429 regulates rat liver regeneration and hepatocyte proliferation by targeting JUN/MYC/BCL2/CCND1 signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2018; 50:80-89. [PMID: 29958992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that miR-429 is involved in tumor suppression in various human cancers. However, its role in liver regeneration remains unexplored. Liver regeneration is a highly orchestrated process that can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), although the mechanisms are largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the role of miR-429 in hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. First, we performed microarray analysis and qRT-PCR. Results indicated that miR-429 level in rat liver markedly decreased 30 h after partial hepatectomy, and miR-429 overexpression disrupted BRL-3A proliferation and the transition of G1 to S phase in rat hepatocyte and promoted hepatocyte apoptosis. By contrast, miR-429 down-regulation had inverse effects. MiR-429 negatively regulated JUN expression in vitro and in vivo. After using JUN siRNA, we found that JUN inhibition mediates the effect of miR-429 in hepatocyte proliferation and growth and miR-429 negatively regulates JUN/MYC/BCL2/CCND1 signaling pathways. Our results also indicated that miR-429 inhibits hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration by targeting JUN/MYC/BCL2/CCND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Hang Gao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China.
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22
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Sasine JP, Himburg HA, Termini CM, Roos M, Tran E, Zhao L, Kan J, Li M, Zhang Y, de Barros SC, Rao DS, Counter CM, Chute JP. Wild-type Kras expands and exhausts hematopoietic stem cells. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98197. [PMID: 29875320 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic Kras expression specifically in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) induces a rapidly fatal myeloproliferative neoplasm in mice, suggesting that Kras signaling plays a dominant role in normal hematopoiesis. However, such a conclusion is based on expression of an oncogenic version of Kras. Hence, we sought to determine the effect of simply increasing the amount of endogenous wild-type Kras on HSC fate. To this end, we utilized a codon-optimized version of the murine Kras gene (Krasex3op) that we developed, in which silent mutations in exon 3 render the encoded mRNA more efficiently translated, leading to increased protein expression without disruption to the normal gene architecture. We found that Kras protein levels were significantly increased in bone marrow (BM) HSCs in Krasex3op/ex3op mice, demonstrating that the translation of Kras in HSCs is normally constrained by rare codons. Krasex3op/ex3op mice displayed expansion of BM HSCs, progenitor cells, and B lymphocytes, but no evidence of myeloproliferative disease or leukemia in mice followed for 12 months. BM HSCs from Krasex3op/ex3op mice demonstrated increased multilineage repopulating capacity in primary competitive transplantation assays, but secondary competitive transplants revealed exhaustion of long-term HSCs. Following total body irradiation, Krasex3op/ex3op mice displayed accelerated hematologic recovery and increased survival. Mechanistically, HSCs from Krasex3op/ex3op mice demonstrated increased proliferation at baseline, with a corresponding increase in Erk1/2 phosphorylation and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (Cdk4/6) activation. Furthermore, both the enhanced colony-forming capacity and in vivo repopulating capacity of HSCs from Krasex3op/ex3op mice were dependent on Cdk4/6 activation. Finally, BM transplantation studies revealed that augmented Kras expression produced expansion of HSCs, progenitor cells, and B cells in a hematopoietic cell-autonomous manner, independent from effects on the BM microenvironment. This study provides fundamental demonstration of codon usage in a mammal having a biological consequence, which may speak to the importance of codon usage in mammalian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Sasine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research, and
| | | | | | - Martina Roos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research, and
| | - Evelyn Tran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Liman Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Jenny Kan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Michelle Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Yurun Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Dinesh S Rao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research, and.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher M Counter
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North California, USA
| | - John P Chute
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research, and
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23
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You D, Guo L, Li W, Sun S, Chen Y, Chai R, Li H. Characterization of Wnt and Notch-Responsive Lgr5+ Hair Cell Progenitors in the Striolar Region of the Neonatal Mouse Utricle. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:137. [PMID: 29760650 PMCID: PMC5937014 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in hearing and balance are largely connected with hair cell (HC) loss. Although regeneration of HCs in the adult cochlea does not occur, there is still limited capacity for HC regeneration in the mammalian utricle from a distinct population of supporting cells (SCs). In response to HC damage, these Lgr5+ SCs, especially those in the striolar region, can regenerate HCs. In this study, we isolated Lgr5+ SCs and Plp1+ SCs (which originate from the striolar and extrastriolar regions, respectively) from transgenic mice by flow cytometry so as to compare the properties of these two subsets of SCs. We found that the Lgr5+ progenitors had greater proliferation and HC regeneration ability than the Plp1+ SCs and that the Lgr5+ progenitors responded more strongly to Wnt and Notch signaling than Plp1+ SCs. We then compared the gene expression profiles of the two populations by RNA-Seq and identified several genes that were significantly differentially expressed between the two populations, including genes involved in the cell cycle, transcription and cell signaling pathways. Targeting these genes and pathways might be a potential way to activate HC regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan You
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Kang DH, Park YS, Lee DY. Senotherapy for attenuation of cellular senescence in aging and organ implantation. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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The Role of Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) Family Members in CD30-Positive Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040093. [PMID: 29597249 PMCID: PMC5923348 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor (TF) family, composed of a variety of members including c-JUN, c-FOS and ATF, is involved in mediating many biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation and cell death. Since their discovery, the role of AP-1 TFs in cancer development has been extensively analysed. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the complexity of these TFs, mainly due to their cell-type specific homo- or hetero-dimerization resulting in diverse transcriptional response profiles. However, as a result of the increasing knowledge of the role of AP-1 TFs in disease, these TFs are being recognized as promising therapeutic targets for various malignancies. In this review, we focus on the impact of deregulated expression of AP-1 TFs in CD30-positive lymphomas including Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma.
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26
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Guo XX, An S, Yang Y, Liu Y, Hao Q, Tang T, Xu TR. Emerging role of the Jun N-terminal kinase interactome in human health. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:756-768. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Su An
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Ying Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Qian Hao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Tao Tang
- Faculty of Medicine; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
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27
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Zhao M, Xu P, Liu Z, Zhen Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Fu Q, Deng X, Liang Z, Li Y, Lin X, Fang W. Dual roles of miR-374a by modulated c-Jun respectively targets CCND1-inducing PI3K/AKT signal and PTEN-suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:78. [PMID: 29362431 PMCID: PMC5833350 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MiR-374a appears to play a complex role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we demonstrate a dual role for miR-374a in NSCLC pathogenesis. The effects and modulatory mechanisms of miR-374a on cell growth, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice were also analyzed. The expression of miR-374a was examined in NSCLC and non-cancerous lung tissues by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), and in situ hybridization, respectively. miR-374a directly targets CCND1 and inactivates PI3K/AKT and Ras-mediated cell cycle signalings, as well as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). This not only dramatically suppressed cell growth, migration, invasion,and metastasis, but also elevated A549 and pc-9 NSCLC cell sensitivity to cisplatin (DDP) while increasing survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Interestingly, miR-374a serves an inverse function in SPCA-1 and H1975 NSCLC cells by directly targeting PTEN to activate Wnt/β-catenin and Ras signalings and its downstream cascade signals. Surprisingly, transcription factor c-Jun bound to the promoter region of human miR-374a and suppressed miR-374a in A549 and pc-9 cells while inducing it in SPCA-1 and H1975 cells. Increased levels of miR-374a appeared to serve a protective role by targeting CCND1 in early-stage NSCLC (Stages I and II). Inversely, increased miR-374a was an unfavorable factor when targeting PTEN in more advanced staged NSCLC patients. Our studies are the first to demonstrate that miR-374a plays divergent roles in NSCLC pathogenesis at different stages of the disease and implicate the potential application of miR-374a targeting for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Zhao
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China.,Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China.,Respiratory Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518034, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yan Zhen
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Yiyu Chen
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Qiaofen Fu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Xiaojie Deng
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Zixi Liang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Yonghao Li
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China.
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28
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Liu Y, Chen X, Cheng R, Yang F, Yu M, Wang C, Cui S, Hong Y, Liang H, Liu M, Zhao C, Ding M, Sun W, Liu Z, Sun F, Zhang C, Zhou Z, Jiang X, Chen X. The Jun/miR-22/HuR regulatory axis contributes to tumourigenesis in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:11. [PMID: 29351796 PMCID: PMC5775639 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a severe health problem worldwide. Clarifying the mechanisms for the deregulation of oncogenes and tumour suppressors in CRC is vital for its diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention. Hu antigen R (HuR), which is highly upregulated in CRC, functions as a pivotal oncogene to promote CRC progression. However, the underlying cause of its dysregulation is poorly understood. Methods In CRC tissue sample pairs, HuR protein levels were measured by Western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, respectively. HuR mRNA levels were also monitored by qRT-PCR. Combining meta-analysis and microRNA (miRNA) target prediction software, we predicted miRNAs that targeted HuR. Pull-down assay, Western blot and luciferase assay were utilized to demonstrate the direct binding of miR-22 on HuR’s 3’-UTR. The biological effects of HuR and miR-22 were investigated both in vitro by CCK-8, EdU and Transwell assays and in vivo by a xenograft mice model. JASPAR and SABiosciences were used to predict transcriptional factors that could affect miR-22. Luciferase assay was used to explore the validity of putative Jun binding sites for miR-22 regulation. ChIP assay was performed to test the Jun’s occupancy on the C17orf91 promoter. Results We observed a significant upregulation of HuR in CRC tissue pairs and confirmed the oncogenic function of HuR both in vitro and in vivo. We found that an important tumour-suppressive miRNA, miR-22, was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues and inversely correlated with HuR in both CRC tissues and CRC cell lines. We demonstrated that miR-22 directly bound to the 3’-UTR of HuR and led to inhibition of HuR protein, which repressed CRC proliferation and migration in vitro and decelerated CRC xenografted tumour growth in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the onco-transcription factor Jun could inhibit the transcription of miR-22. Conclusions Our findings highlight the critical roles of the Jun/miR-22/HuR regulatory axis in CRC progression and may provide attractive potential targets for CRC prevention and treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-017-0751-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Rongjie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Mengchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Shufang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Yeting Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Chihao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Meng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Wu Sun
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China.
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China.
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29
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Abdou AG, Marae AH, Shoeib M, Dawood G, Abouelfath E. C-Jun expression in lichen planus, psoriasis, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, an immunohistochemical study. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39:58-69. [PMID: 29144206 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2017.1395347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The AP-1 transcription factor complex is a key player in regulating inflammatory processes, cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell transformation. The aim of the present study is to investigate C-Jun (one of AP-1complex) expression and its proliferative role in skin samples of lichen planus, psoriasis as common inflammatory skin diseases and squamous cell carcinoma using immunohistochemical method. The present study was carried out on skin biopsies of 15 psoriatic patients, 15 lichen planus patients, 15 SCC, and 15 normal skin biopsies. Nuclear expression of C-Jun was detected in basal and few suprabasal layers of epidermis of normal skin. C-Jun was expressed in the whole epidermal layers of both psoriasis (14/15) and lichen planus (15/15) in addition to its expression in lymphocytic infiltrate in the latter in about half of cases (8/15). C-Jun was also expressed in 93.3% (14/15) of SCC in a percentage lower than that of psoriasis, lichen planus, and normal skin. The percentage of C-Jun expression in SCC was significantly associated with an early stage (p = 0.000), free surgical margins (p = 0.022), and small tumour size (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The marked reduction of C-Jun in SCC in comparison to normal skin and inflammatory skin dermatoses may refer to its tumour suppressor activity. C-Jun expression in SCC carries favourable prognosis. Absence of significant association between C-Jun and Ki-67 either in SCC or inflammatory skin diseases indicates that it does not affect proliferative capacity of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- a Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Menoufia University , Shibin Elkom , Egypt
| | - Alaa Hassan Marae
- b Dermatology Departments, Faculty of Medicine , Menoufia University , Shibin Elkom , Egypt
| | - Mohammed Shoeib
- b Dermatology Departments, Faculty of Medicine , Menoufia University , Shibin Elkom , Egypt
| | - Ghada Dawood
- c Dermatology Departments , Shibin Elkom Teaching Hospital , Shibin Elkom , Egypt
| | - Enas Abouelfath
- c Dermatology Departments , Shibin Elkom Teaching Hospital , Shibin Elkom , Egypt
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CXCL12 gene silencing down-regulates metastatic potential via blockage of MAPK/PI3K/AP-1 signaling pathway in colon cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20:1035-1045. [PMID: 29305742 PMCID: PMC6061162 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the effect of CXCL12 gene silencing on proliferation,invasion, angiogenesis and the relationship of MAPK/PI3K/AP-1 signaling pathway in colon cancer cells. Methods RT-PCR and Western-blot were used to detect the expression of CXCL12 mRNA and protein in four colon cancer cell lines. Human colon cancer cells were transfected with CXCL12 siRNA carrying by Lipofectamine 2000. The expression of CXCL12 protein was confirmed by immunoblotting. WST-1, invasion and angiogenesis assay were used to examine the effect on proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis in colon cancer cells after CXCL12 siRNA silence, respectively. The phosphorylation of MAPK/PI3K/AP-1 protein levels was detected by Western blotting in CXCL12 siRNA suppression DLD-1 cell. Results CXCL12 mRNA and proteins were only expressed in DLD-1 colon cancer cell lines. CXCL12 siRNA were transfected into DLD-1 cells, the expression CXCL12 proteins was significantly inhibited (P < 0.01), and the proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of DLD-1 cells were inhibited significantly (P < 0.01). CXCL12 gene silencing resulted in blockage of MAPK, PI3K and AP-1 phosphorylation by CXCL12-induced in DLD-1 colon cancer cell. Conclusion The silencing CXCL12 gene significantly inhibits the proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis ability of some types colon carcinoma cells through down-regulation of MAPK/PI3K/AP-1 signaling pathway.
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Pacini L, Ceraolo MG, Venuti A, Melita G, Hasan UA, Accardi R, Tommasino M. UV Radiation Activates Toll-Like Receptor 9 Expression in Primary Human Keratinocytes, an Event Inhibited by Human Papillomavirus 38 E6 and E7 Oncoproteins. J Virol 2017; 91:e01123-17. [PMID: 28724760 PMCID: PMC5599736 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01123-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types belonging to the beta genus of the HPV phylogenetic tree synergize with UV radiation in the development of skin cancer. Accordingly, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins from some beta HPV types are able to deregulate pathways related to immune response and cellular transformation. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), in addition to playing a role in innate immunity, has been shown to be involved in the cellular stress response. Using primary human keratinocytes as experimental models, we have shown that UV irradiation (and other cellular stresses) activates TLR9 expression. This event is closely linked to p53 activation. Silencing the expression of p53 or deleting its encoding gene affected the activation of TLR9 expression after UV irradiation. Using various strategies, we have also shown that the transcription factors p53 and c-Jun are recruited onto a specific region of the TLR9 promoter after UV irradiation. Importantly, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins from beta HPV38, by inducing the accumulation of the p53 antagonist ΔNp73α, prevent the UV-mediated recruitment of these transcription factors onto the TLR9 promoter, with subsequent impairment of TLR9 gene expression. This study provides new insight into the mechanism that mediates TLR9 upregulation in response to cellular stresses. In addition, we show that HPV38 E6 and E7 are able to interfere with this mechanism, providing another explanation for the possible cooperation of beta HPV types with UV radiation in skin carcinogenesis.IMPORTANCE Beta HPV types have been suggested to act as cofactors in UV-induced skin carcinogenesis by altering several cellular mechanisms activated by UV radiation. We show that the expression of TLR9, a sensor of damage-associated molecular patterns produced during cellular stress, is activated by UV radiation in primary human keratinocytes (PHKs). Two transcription factors known to be activated by UV radiation, p53 and c-Jun, play key roles in UV-activated TLR9 expression. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins from beta HPV38 strongly inhibit UV-activated TLR9 expression by preventing the recruitment of p53 and c-Jun to the TLR9 promoter. Our findings provide additional support for the role that beta HPV types play in skin carcinogenesis by preventing activation of specific pathways upon exposure of PHKs to UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pacini
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Grazia Ceraolo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Assunta Venuti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases (DIBIT), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giusi Melita
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Uzma A Hasan
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), Lyon, France
- INSERM U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Rosita Accardi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Matboli M, Shafei AE, Shehata HH, Nabil N, Hossam N, Azazy AE, El-Tawdi AH, Abdel-Rahman O. Clinical significance of miRNA-autophagy transcript expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomark Med 2017; 11:641-656. [PMID: 28770611 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study integrates autophagy transcripts miRNAs expression based on bioinformatic analysis followed by clinical validation. METHODOLOGY Cellular jun proto-oncogene mRNA, LAMP2 mRNA, miR-16 and miR-146a level were investigated in the serum and tissue of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), chronic hepatitis C and healthy volunteers by quantitative real-time PCR. The prognostic power of this serum RNA panel was explored. RESULTS The expression of serum cellular jun proto-oncogene mRNA, LAMP2 mRNA, miR-16 and miR-146a were positive in 85.1, 94, 97.1 and 84.2% HCC patients, respectively and they were correlated with tissue levels. Our results suggested that the chosen panel is an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with HCC. CONCLUSION The current work provides four RNA-based biomarker panel for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Matboli
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry & Molecular biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, PO box 11381, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Shafei
- Biomedical Research Department, Military Armed Forces College of Medicine
| | - Hanan H Shehata
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry & Molecular biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, PO box 11381, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesreen Nabil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Modern Univesity for Technology & Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Hossam
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry & Molecular biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, PO box 11381, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Em Azazy
- Undergraduate Student, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Omar Abdel-Rahman
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
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Stucky A, Sedghizadeh PP, Mahabady S, Chen X, Zhang C, Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhong JF. Single-cell genomic analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73208-73218. [PMID: 29069864 PMCID: PMC5641207 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) incidence or rates have increased dramatically recently with little improvement in patient outcomes. There is an unmet need in HNSCC to develop reliable molecular markers capable of evaluating patient risks and advising treatments. This review focuses on recent developments in single-cell molecular analysis of cancer, and its applications for HNSCC diagnosis and treatments. For proof of concept, we examined gene expression levels of 62 patients with HNSCC, and correlate the gene expression profiles to single-cell gene expression profiles obtained from a pilot single-cell study of CCR5-positive breast carcinoma cells. The single-cell molecular analyses complemented the lysate data and reveals heterogeneity of oncogenesis pathways with the cancer cell population. Our single-cell molecular analysis indicated that molecular heterogeneity exists in HNSCC and should be addressed in treatment strategy of HNSCC. Single-cell molecular technology can have significant impact on diagnosis, therapeutic decision making, and prognosis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Stucky
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parish P Sedghizadeh
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Mahabady
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuelian Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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The AP-1 transcription factor FOSL1 causes melanocyte reprogramming and transformation. Oncogene 2017; 36:5110-5121. [PMID: 28481878 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The MAPK pathway is activated in the majority of melanomas and is the target of therapeutic approaches. Under normal conditions, it initiates the so-called immediate early response, which encompasses the transient transcription of several genes belonging to the AP-1 transcription factor family. Under pathological conditions, such as continuous MAPK pathway overactivation due to oncogenic alterations occurring in melanoma, these genes are constitutively expressed. The consequences of a permanent expression of these genes are largely unknown. Here, we show that FOSL1 is the main immediate early AP-1 member induced by melanoma oncogenes. We first examined its role in established melanoma cells. We found that FOSL1 is involved in melanoma cell migration as well as cell proliferation and anoikis-independent growth, which is mediated by the gene product of its target gene HMGA1, encoding a multipotent chromatin modifier. As FOSL1 expression is increased in patient melanoma samples compared to nevi, we investigated the effect of enhanced FOSL1 expression on melanocytes. Intriguingly, we found that FOSL1 acts oncogenic and transforms melanocytes, enabling subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo. During the process of transformation, FOSL1 reprogrammed the melanocytes and downregulated MITF in a HMGA1-dependent manner. At the same time, AXL was upregulated, leading to a shift in the MITF/AXL balance. Furthermore, FOSL1 re-enforced pro-tumorigenic transcription factors MYC, E2F3 and AP-1. Together, this led to the enhancement of several growth-promoting processes, such as ribosome biogenesis, cellular detachment and pyrimidine metabolism. Overall, we demonstrate that FOSL1 is a novel reprogramming factor for melanocytes with potent tumor transformation potential.
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Singh VP, Katta S, Kumar S. WD-repeat protein WDR13 is a novel transcriptional regulator of c-Jun and modulates intestinal homeostasis in mice. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:148. [PMID: 28222755 PMCID: PMC5320654 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background WDR13 is a member of the WD repeat protein family and is expressed in several tissues of human and mice. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that the lack of this gene in mice resulted in mild obesity, hyperinsulinemia, enhanced beta cell proliferation and protection from inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism of WDR13 action is not well understood. Methods In the present study, we used AOM/DSS to induce colitis-mediated colorectal tumor after establishing expression of Wdr13 gene in colon. Further, we have used human colon cancer cell lines, HT29 and COLO205, and mouse primary embryonic fibroblast to understand the molecular mechanism of WDR13 action. Results We observed that mice lacking Wdr13 gene have reduced number of tumors and are more susceptible to DSS-induced colon ulcers. We also show that WDR13 is a part of multi protein complex c-Jun/NCoR1/HDAC3 and it acts as a transcriptional activator of AP1 target genes in the presence of JNK signal. Consistent with in vitro data, we observed reduced expression of AP1 target genes in colon after AOM/DSS treatment in Wdr13 knockout mice as compared to that in wild type. Conclusion Mice lacking Wdr13 gene showed reduced expression of AP1 target genes and protection from colitis-induced colorectal tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3118-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pratap Singh
- National Facility for Transgenic and Gene Knockout Mice, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Saritha Katta
- National Facility for Transgenic and Gene Knockout Mice, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- National Facility for Transgenic and Gene Knockout Mice, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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36
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Barrett CS, Millena AC, Khan SA. TGF-β Effects on Prostate Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion Require FosB. Prostate 2017; 77:72-81. [PMID: 27604827 PMCID: PMC5286811 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) family (cJun, JunB, JunD, cFos, FosB, Fra1, and Fra2) plays a central role in the transcriptional regulation of many genes that are associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, metastasis, and survival. Many oncogenic signaling pathways converge at the AP-1 transcription complex. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional regulatory cytokine that regulates many aspects of cellular function, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, adhesion, angiogenesis, immune surveillance, and survival. METHODS This study investigated, the role of FOS proteins in TGF-β signaling in prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Steady state expression levels of FOS mRNA and proteins were determined using RT-PCR and western blotting analyses. DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells were exposed to TGF-β1 at varying time and dosage, RT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses were used to determine TGF-β1 effect on FOS mRNA and protein expression levels as well as FosB subcellular localization. Transient silencing of FosB protein was used to determine its role in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. RESULTS Our data show that FOS mRNA and proteins were differentially expressed in human prostate epithelial (RWPE-1) and prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU145, and PC3). TGF-β1 induced the expression of FosB at both the mRNA and protein levels in DU145 and PC3 cells, whereas cFos and Fra1 were unaffected. Immunofluorescence analysis showed an increase in the accumulation of FosB protein in the nucleus of PC3 cells after treatment with exogenous TGF-β1. Selective knockdown of endogenous FosB by specific siRNA did not have any effect on cell proliferation in PC3 and DU145 cells. However, basal and TGF-β1- and EGF-induced cell migration was significantly reduced in DU145 and PC3 cells lacking endogenous FosB. TGF-β1- and EGF-induced cell invasion were also significantly decreased after FosB knockdown in PC3 cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that FosB is required for migration and invasion in prostate cancer cells. We also conclude that TGF-β1 effect on prostate cancer cell migration and invasion may be mediated through the induction of FosB. Prostate 77:72-81, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shafiq A. Khan
- Correspondence to: Shafiq A. Khan, PhD, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr. S.W., Atlanta, GA 30314.
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Solinas G, Becattini B. JNK at the crossroad of obesity, insulin resistance, and cell stress response. Mol Metab 2016; 6:174-184. [PMID: 28180059 PMCID: PMC5279903 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cJun-N-terminal-kinase (JNK) plays a central role in the cell stress response, with outcomes ranging from cell death to cell proliferation and survival, depending on the specific context. JNK is also one of the most investigated signal transducers in obesity and insulin resistance, and studies have identified new molecular mechanisms linking obesity and insulin resistance. Emerging evidence indicates that whereas JNK1 and JNK2 isoforms promote the development of obesity and insulin resistance, JNK3 activity protects from excessive adiposity. Furthermore, current evidence indicates that JNK activity within specific cell types may, in specific stages of disease progression, promote cell tolerance to the stress associated with obesity and type-2 diabetes. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of the current literature on the role of JNK in the progression from obesity to insulin resistance, NAFLD, type-2 diabetes, and diabetes complications. MAJOR CONCLUSION Whereas current evidence indicates that JNK1/2 inhibition may improve insulin sensitivity in obesity, the role of JNK in the progression from insulin resistance to diabetes, and its complications is largely unresolved. A better understanding of the role of JNK in the stress response to obesity and type-2 diabetes, and the development of isoform-specific inhibitors with specific tissue distribution will be necessary to exploit JNK as possible drug target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Solinas
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Barbara Becattini
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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The Differential Immunohistochemical Expression of p53, c-Jun, c-Myc, and p21 Between HCV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma With and Without Cirrhosis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 24:75-87. [PMID: 25710583 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes 70.48% of all liver tumors among Egyptians with multifactorial etiology and complex pathogenesis. HCV infection is the most common risk factor of HCC in Egypt, which commonly develops on top of cirrhosis (HCC-C); however, 15% to 20% of HCC are reported to arise in noncirrhotic livers (HCC-NC). This study aimed to explore the differences in the immunohistochemical expression of p53, c-Jun, c-Myc, and p21 between HCC-C and HCC-NC to verify the underlying molecular pathways and to study their role in hepatocarcinogenesis. This study investigated 103 cases of HCC (86 cases of HCC-C and 17 cases HCC-NC including tumorous and nontumorous tissues) together with 10 cases of chronic hepatitis and 10 cases of pure cirrhosis as control groups. Zero, 100%, 100%, and 50% of chronic hepatitis cases were positive for p53, c-Jun, c-Myc, and p21, respectively. All cirrhotic cases were negative for p53 and c-Jun, whereas they were all positive for c-Myc and p21. A total of 41%, 11.65%, 86.4%, and 57.3% of HCC cases showed p53, c-Jun, c-Myc, and p21 expression, respectively. The only difference between HCC-C and HCC-NC was the H-score values of p21 expression, which were higher in HCC-C compared with HCC-NC (P=0.03). HCV-related HCC commonly develops on top of cirrhosis with a minority develops on top of noncirrhotic liver. Only p21 pathway appears to be upregulated in favor of HCC-C than HCC-NC. p53 is considered as a late-event molecular carcinogen, whereas p21 and c-Myc may serve as early-event molecular carcinogen in HCC. The oncogenic role of p21 may be related to its cytoplasmic localization and its promotion of c-Myc expression. Progressive increase in the intensity of c-Myc expression from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis to HCC may refer to its role as a multistep regulator of hepatocarcinogenesis. The marked reduction of c-Jun in HCC may refer to its tumor suppressor activity.
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Wang Z, Ma B, Li H, Xiao X, Zhou W, Liu F, Zhang B, Zhu M, Yang Q, Zeng Y, Sun Y, Sun S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Weng H, Chen L, Ye M, An X, Liu J. Protein 4.1N acts as a potential tumor suppressor linking PP1 to JNK-c-Jun pathway regulation in NSCLC. Oncotarget 2016; 7:509-23. [PMID: 26575790 PMCID: PMC4808014 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.1N is a member of protein 4.1 family and has been recognized as a potential tumor suppressor in solid tumors. Here, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms of 4.1N in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We confirmed that the expression level of 4.1N was inversely correlated with the metastatic properties of NSCLC cell lines and histological grade of clinical NSCLC tissues. Specific knockdown of 4.1N promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration and adhesion in vitro, and tumor growth and metastasis in mouse xenograft models. Furthermore, we identified PP1 as a novel 4.1N-interacting molecule, and the FERM domain of 4.1N mediated the interaction between 4.1N and PP1. Further, ectopic expression of 4.1N could inactivate JNK-c-Jun signaling pathway through enhancing PP1 activity and interaction between PP1 and p-JNK. Correspondingly, expression of potential downstream metastasis targets (ezrin and MMP9) and cell cycle targets (p53, p21 and p19) of JNK-c-Jun pathway were also regulated by 4.1N. Our data suggest that down-regulation of 4.1N expression is a critical step for NSCLC development and that repression of JNK-c-Jun signaling through PP1 is one of the key anti-tumor mechanisms of 4.1N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bianyin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weihua Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yayue Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuming Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yibin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Weng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiuli An
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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El-Tawdi AHF, Matboli M, El-Nakeep S, Azazy AEM, Abdel-Rahman O. Association of long noncoding RNA and c-JUN expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:869-77. [PMID: 27215316 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2016.1193003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs) have emerged as key elements in modulating gene expression in different biological contexts. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used quantitative real-time PCR (Qpcr) to evaluate the expression of lncRNA-UCA1 and C-JUN in serum of 70 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 32 patients chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 38 healthy subjects and their correlation with different clinicopathological factors. RESULTS The expression of lncRNA-UCA1 and C-JUN was positive in 91.4%HCC patients with strong discriminating power between HCC and healthy subjects and CHC patients as well. The median follow up period was 29 months. The survival analysis showed that both lncRNA-UCA1 and C-JUN were independent prognostic factors. Of note, we identified C-JUN expression changes consistent with the lncRNA-UCA1 target regulation. CONCLUSION This information sheds light on the possible role of lncRNA-UCA1 and C-JUN mRNA as promising diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as potential therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H F El-Tawdi
- a General and Plastic Surgery Department , Military Medical Academy , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Marwa Matboli
- b Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Sarah El-Nakeep
- c Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | | | - Omar Abdel-Rahman
- e Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: from mechanisms to therapy. Nat Med 2016; 21:1424-35. [PMID: 26646499 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1388] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a process that imposes permanent proliferative arrest on cells in response to various stressors, has emerged as a potentially important contributor to aging and age-related disease, and it is an attractive target for therapeutic exploitation. A wealth of information about senescence in cultured cells has been acquired over the past half century; however, senescence in living organisms is poorly understood, largely because of technical limitations relating to the identification and characterization of senescent cells in tissues and organs. Furthermore, newly recognized beneficial signaling functions of senescence suggest that indiscriminately targeting senescent cells or modulating their secretome for anti-aging therapy may have negative consequences. Here we discuss current progress and challenges in understanding the stressors that induce senescence in vivo, the cell types that are prone to senesce, and the autocrine and paracrine properties of senescent cells in the contexts of aging and age-related diseases as well as disease therapy.
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Liu Y, Long Y, Xing Z, Zhang D. C-Jun recruits the NSL complex to regulate its target gene expression by modulating H4K16 acetylation and promoting the release of the repressive NuRD complex. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14497-506. [PMID: 25971333 PMCID: PMC4546482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene c-Jun plays essential roles in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cellular apoptosis. Enormous efforts have been made to understand the mechanisms regulating c-Jun activation. The males absent on the first (MOF)-containing non-specific lethal (NSL) complex has been shown to positively regulate gene expression. However, the biological function of the NSL complex is largely unknown. Here we present evidence showing that c-Jun recruits the NSL complex to c-Jun target genes upon activation. The NSL complex catalyzes H4K16 acetylation at c-Jun target genes, thereby promoting c-Jun target gene transcription. More interestingly, we also found that the NSL complex promotes the release of the repressive NuRD complex from c-Jun target genes, thus activating c-Jun. Our findings not only reveal a new mechanism regulating c-Jun activation, but also identify the NSL complex as a c-Jun co-activator in c-Jun-regulated gene expression, expanding our knowledge of the function of the NSL complex in gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuehong Long
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhaobin Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Nanocurcumin Prevents Hypoxia Induced Stress in Primary Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes by Maintaining Mitochondrial Homeostasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139121. [PMID: 26406246 PMCID: PMC4583454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induced oxidative stress incurs pathophysiological changes in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes by promoting translocation of p53 to mitochondria. Here, we investigate the cardio-protective efficacy of nanocurcumin in protecting primary human ventricular cardiomyocytes (HVCM) from hypoxia induced damages. Hypoxia induced hypertrophy was confirmed by FITC-phenylalanine uptake assay, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) levels and cell size measurements. Hypoxia induced translocation of p53 was investigated by using mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore blocker cyclosporin A (blocks entry of p53 to mitochondria) and confirmed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Mitochondrial damage in hypertrophied HVCM cells was evaluated by analysing bio-energetic, anti-oxidant and metabolic function and substrate switching form lipids to glucose. Nanocurcumin prevented translocation of p53 to mitochondria by stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential and de-stressed hypertrophied HVCM cells by significant restoration in lactate, acetyl-coenzyme A, pyruvate and glucose content along with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) activity. Significant restoration in glucose and modulation of GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 levels confirmed that nanocurcumin mediated prevention of substrate switching. Nanocurcumin prevented of mitochondrial stress as confirmed by c-fos/c-jun/p53 signalling. The data indicates decrease in p-300 histone acetyl transferase (HAT) mediated histone acetylation and GATA-4 activation as pharmacological targets of nanocurcumin in preventing hypoxia induced hypertrophy. The study provides an insight into propitious therapeutic effects of nanocurcumin in cardio-protection and usability in clinical applications.
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44
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Abstract
Orphan receptors comprise nearly half of all members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Despite having broad structural similarities to the classical estrogen receptors, estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) have their own unique DNA response elements and functions. In this study, we focus on 2 ERRβ splice variants, short form ERRβ (ERRβsf) and ERRβ2, and identify their differing roles in cell cycle regulation. Using DY131 (a synthetic agonist of ERRβ), splice-variant selective shRNA, and exogenous ERRβsf and ERRβ2 cDNAs, we demonstrate the role of ERRβsf in mediating the G1 checkpoint through p21. We also show ERRβsf is required for DY131-induced cellular senescence. A key novel finding of this study is that ERRβ2 can mediate a G2/M arrest in response to DY131. In the absence of ERRβ2, the DY131-induced G2/M arrest is reversed, and this is accompanied by p21 induction and a G1 arrest. This study illustrates novel functions for ERRβ splice variants and provides evidence for splice variant interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Mazzotta Heckler
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center; the Department of Oncology ; Georgetown University School of Medicine ; Washington , DC USA
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45
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c-Abl-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of JunB is required for Adriamycin-induced expression of p21. Biochem J 2015. [PMID: 26217035 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The non-receptor-type tyrosine kinase c-Abl functions as a cytoplasmic signal transducer upon activation of cell-surface receptors. c-Abl is also involved in DDR (DNA-damage response), which is initiated in the nucleus, whereas its molecular functions in DDR are not fully understood. In the present study, we found that c-Abl phosphorylates JunB, a member of the AP-1 (activator protein 1) transcription factor family. Because JunB was suggested to be involved in DDR, we analysed the role of c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation of JunB in DDR. We first analysed phosphorylation sites of JunB and found that c-Abl majorly phosphorylates JunB at Tyr(173), Tyr(182) and Tyr(188). Because c-Abl promotes expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 upon stimulation with the DNA-damaging agent Adriamycin (doxorubicin), we analysed the involvement of JunB in Adriamycin-induced p21 expression. We found that JunB suppresses p21 induction through inhibition of its promoter activity. The phosphomimetic JunB, which was generated by glutamic acid substitutions at the phosphorylation sites, failed to repress p21 induction. Recruitment of JunB to the p21 promoter was promoted by Adriamycin stimulation and was further enhanced by co-treatment with the c-Abl inhibitor imatinib. The phosphomimetic glutamic acid substitutions in JunB or Adriamycin treatment impaired the JunB-c-Fos transcription factor complex formation. Taken together, these results suggest that, although JunB represses p21 promoter activity, c-Abl phosphorylates JunB and conversely inhibits its suppressive role on p21 promoter activity upon Adriamycin stimulation. Therefore JunB is likely to be a key target of c-Abl in expression of p21 in Adriamycin-induced DDR.
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46
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Immunohistochemical expression of sperm-associated antigen 9 in nonmelanoma skin cancer. Am J Dermatopathol 2015; 37:38-45. [PMID: 25033008 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) is a scaffold protein for c-Jun-NH2-kinases, which play an important role in cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor development. SPAG9 was claimed to be involved in the pathogenesis of carcinoma in different organs. The aim of this work was to investigate its role in the pathogenesis of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) through its immunohistochemical (IHC) localization in skin biopsies of these tumors. This retrospective and prospective study included 67 cutaneous specimens; 42 of NMSC [20 cases with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 22 cases with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] and 25 normal sun-exposed skin biopsies from age and gender-matched healthy subjects as a control group. SPAG9 expression was evaluated using standard IHC techniques. SPAG9 was expressed in 90% of BCC cases and in 81.8% of SCC cases. Positive expression in inflammatory cells was detected in 100% and 63.6% of BCC and SCC cases, respectively. Positive stromal expression was detected in 20% of BCC cases and was absent in all SCC cases. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.55, P = 0.008) was noted between SPAG9 H score and SCC histological grade and a significant association between SPAG9 H score and tumor grade was also detected where higher values were present in grade I tumors (P = 0.001). SPAG9 was upregulated in NMSC when compared with normal skin. In conclusion, SPAG9 is expressed in NMSC cases. It should be evaluated in large-scale studies to determine if it plays an active pathogenic role or its expression is an epiphenomenon not related to NMSC pathogenesis. Large-scale studies are warranted to determine its potential utility in guiding treatment decisions and following disease progression in theses cases. Its expression in normal skin needs further investigation.
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47
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Subramanian D, Bunjobpol W, Sabapathy K. Interplay between TAp73 Protein and Selected Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) Family Members Promotes AP-1 Target Gene Activation and Cellular Growth. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18636-49. [PMID: 26018080 PMCID: PMC4513121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.636548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike p53, which is mutated at a high rate in human cancers, its homologue p73 is not mutated but is often overexpressed, suggesting a possible context-dependent role in growth promotion. Previously, we have shown that co-expression of TAp73 with the proto-oncogene c-Jun can augment cellular growth and potentiate transactivation of activator protein (AP)-1 target genes such as cyclin D1. Here, we provide further mechanistic insights into the cooperative activity between these two transcription factors. Our data show that TAp73-mediated AP-1 target gene transactivation relies on c-Jun dimerization and requires the canonical AP-1 sites on target gene promoters. Interestingly, only selected members of the Fos family of proteins such as c-Fos and Fra1 were found to cooperate with TAp73 in a c-Jun-dependent manner to transactivate AP-1 target promoters. Inducible expression of TAp73 led to the recruitment of these Fos family members to the AP-1 target promoters on which TAp73 was found to be bound near the AP-1 site. Consistent with the binding of TAp73 and AP-1 members on the target promoters in a c-Jun-dependent manner, TAp73 was observed to physically interact with c-Jun specifically at the chromatin via its carboxyl-terminal region. Furthermore, co-expression of c-Fos or Fra1 was able to cooperate with TAp73 in potentiating cellular growth, similarly to c-Jun. These data together suggest that TAp73 plays a vital role in activation of AP-1 target genes via direct binding to c-Jun at the target promoters, leading to enhanced loading of other AP-1 family members, thereby leading to cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Subramanian
- From the Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Wilawan Bunjobpol
- From the Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- From the Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore, and Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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48
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Rao F, Xu J, Khan AB, Gadalla MM, Cha JY, Xu R, Tyagi R, Dang Y, Chakraborty A, Snyder SH. Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-1 mediates assembly/disassembly of the CRL4-signalosome complex to regulate DNA repair and cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:16005-10. [PMID: 25349427 PMCID: PMC4234592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphates containing an energetic pyrophosphate bond are formed primarily by a family of three inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) kinases (IP6K1-3). The Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) regulate diverse biological processes through substrate ubiquitylation. CRL4, comprising the scaffold Cullin 4A/B, the E2-interacting Roc1/2, and the adaptor protein damage-specific DNA-binding protein 1, is activated by DNA damage. Basal CRL4 activity is inhibited by binding to the COP9 signalosome (CSN). UV radiation and other stressors dissociate the complex, leading to E3 ligase activation, but signaling events that trigger signalosome dissociation from CRL4 have been unclear. In the present study, we show that, under basal conditions, IP6K1 forms a ternary complex with CSN and CRL4 in which IP6K1 and CRL4 are inactive. UV dissociates IP6K1 to generate IP7, which then dissociates CSN-CRL4 to activate CRL4. Thus, IP6K1 is a novel CRL4 subunit that transduces UV signals to mediate disassembly of the CRL4-CSN complex, thereby regulating nucleotide excision repair and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Rao
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience
| | - Jing Xu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience
| | - A Basit Khan
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience
| | - Moataz M Gadalla
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and
| | | | - Risheng Xu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and
| | - Richa Tyagi
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and
| | | | - Solomon H Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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49
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Ye N, Ding Y, Wild C, Shen Q, Zhou J. Small molecule inhibitors targeting activator protein 1 (AP-1). J Med Chem 2014; 57:6930-48. [PMID: 24831826 PMCID: PMC4148154 DOI: 10.1021/jm5004733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Activator
protein 1 (AP-1) is a pivotal transcription factor that
regulates a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation,
apoptosis, differentiation, survival, cell migration, and transformation.
Accumulating evidence supports that AP-1 plays an important role in
several severe disorders including cancer, fibrosis, and organ injury,
as well as inflammatory disorders such as asthma, psoriasis, and rheumatoid
arthritis. AP-1 has emerged as an actively pursued drug discovery
target over the past decade. Excitingly, a selective AP-1 inhibitor
T-5224 (51) has been investigated in phase II human clinical
trials. Nevertheless, no effective AP-1 inhibitors have yet been approved
for clinical use. Despite significant advances achieved in understanding
AP-1 biology and function, as well as the identification of small
molecules modulating AP-1 associated signaling pathways, medicinal
chemistry efforts remain an urgent need to yield selective and efficacious
AP-1 inhibitors as a viable therapeutic strategy for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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50
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Renaud SJ, Kubota K, Rumi MAK, Soares MJ. The FOS transcription factor family differentially controls trophoblast migration and invasion. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:5025-39. [PMID: 24379408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.523746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravillous trophoblast invasion is a fundamental component of human placentation. Invading trophoblast cells promote blood flow to the conceptus by actively remodeling the uterine vasculature. The extent of trophoblast invasion is tightly regulated; aberrant invasion is linked with several obstetrical complications. However, the transcriptional networks responsible for controlling the extent of trophoblast invasion are not well defined. Previous studies have identified high levels of FOS (FOS, FOSB, FOS-like (FOSL) 1, and FOSL2) proteins in extravillous trophoblast cells. These proteins form part of the activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex and are implicated in regulating gene networks controlling cellular invasion in diverse biological systems. Therefore, we hypothesized that FOS family proteins play a role in regulating trophoblast invasion. We assessed expression of FOS family proteins in trophoblast cell lines and human placentae at different gestational ages. FOS, FOSB, and FOSL1 proteins were robustly increased in trophoblast cells subject to wound-based migration assays as well as Matrigel-based invasion assays. FOS knockdown resulted in cessation of proliferation and an induction of migration and invasion concomitant with robust expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, MMP3, and MMP10. Conversely, FOSL1 knockdown abrogated trophoblast migration and invasion and inhibited the production of MMP1, MMP3, and MMP10. In human placenta, FOS was expressed in proximal anchoring villi in conjunction with phospho-ERK. FOSL1 was temporally expressed only in the distal-most extravillous trophoblast cells, which represent a migratory cell population. Therefore, FOS and FOSL1 exert opposing effects on trophoblast invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Renaud
- From the Institute of Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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