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Zhang Y, Yu Z, Sun M, Du R, Gao H, Dai Q, Dong Y, Liu C, Yin M, Xu T, Zhang X, Liu J, Xu J. Redox-modulated SNX25 as a novel regulator of GPCR-G protein signaling from endosomes. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103253. [PMID: 38936254 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
GPCR-G protein signaling from endosomes plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes. However, the mechanism by which endosomal G protein signaling is terminated remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms involved in terminating the signaling of Gα subunits from endosomes. Through structural analysis and cell-based assays, we have discovered that SNX25, a protein that targets endosomes via its PXA or PXC domain, interacts with regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins (including RGS2, RGS4, RGS8, and RGS17) in a redox-regulated manner. The interaction between SNX25 and these RGS proteins enhances their GTPase-accelerating activity towards Gαi/q and their ability to bind GDP-bound (inactive form) Gαi/q. As a result, SNX25 recruits these RGS proteins to endosomes, leading to the termination of endosomal Gαi/q signaling. Furthermore, we have found that the SNX25/RGS complex also exerts a negative regulatory effect on Gαi/q signaling from the plasma membrane. This is achieved by recruiting Gαi/q to endosomes and preventing its activation on the plasma membrane. Our findings shed light on the previously unknown role of redox-modulated SNX25 in inhibiting Gαi/q signaling, thereby uncovering a novel mechanism for terminating Gαi/q signaling from endosomes. Importantly, this study expands our understanding of the regulation of GPCR-Gαi/q signaling beyond the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Mingwei Sun
- Basic Research Center, Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ruyue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hanhan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiankun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Menghui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Basic Research Center, Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510530, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Jinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Spicer MM, Weber MA, Luo Z, Yang J, Narayanan NS, Fisher RA. Regulator of G protein signaling 6 (RGS6) in dopamine neurons promotes EtOH seeking, behavioral reward, and susceptibility to relapse. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06631-8. [PMID: 38856764 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission is believed to play a critical role in mediating reward responses to drugs of abuse, including alcohol (EtOH). The neurobiological mechanisms underlying EtOH-seeking behavior and dependence are not fully understood, and abstinence remains the only effective way to prevent alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Here, we developed novel RGS6fl/fl; DAT-iCreER mice to determine the role of RGS6 in DA neurons on EtOH consumption, reward, and relapse behaviors. We found that RGS6 is expressed in DA neurons in both human and mouse ventral tegmental area (VTA), and that RGS6 loss in mice upregulates DA transporter (DAT) expression in VTA DA neuron synaptic terminals. Remarkably, loss of RGS6 in DA neurons significantly reduced EtOH consumption, preference, and reward in a manner indistinguishable from that seen in RGS6-/- mice. Strikingly, RGS6 loss from DA neurons before or after EtOH behavioral reward is established significantly reduced (~ 50%) re-instatement of reward following extinguishment, demonstrating distinct roles of RGS6 in promoting reward and relapse susceptibility to EtOH. These studies identify DA neurons as the locus of RGS6 action in promoting EtOH consumption, preference, reward, and relapse. RGS6 is unique among R7 RGS proteins in promoting rather than suppressing behavioral responses to drugs of abuse and to modulate EtOH behavioral reward. This is a result of RGS6's pre-synaptic actions that we hypothesize promote VTA DA transmission by suppressing GPCR-Gαi/o-DAT signaling in VTA DA neurons. These studies identify RGS6 as a potential therapeutic target for behavioral reward and relapse to EtOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie M Spicer
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Rd. BSB 2-512, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Matthew A Weber
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Zili Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jianqi Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Rd. BSB 2-512, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Nandakumar S Narayanan
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Rory A Fisher
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Rd. BSB 2-512, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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3
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Nguyen H, Glaaser IW, Slesinger PA. Direct modulation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1386645. [PMID: 38903913 PMCID: PMC11187414 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1386645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play a pivotal role in regulating cellular excitability and signal transduction processes. Among the various ion channels, G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels serve as key mediators of neurotransmission and cellular responses to extracellular signals. GIRK channels are members of the larger family of inwardly-rectifying potassium (Kir) channels. Typically, GIRK channels are activated via the direct binding of G-protein βγ subunits upon the activation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GIRK channel activation requires the presence of the lipid signaling molecule, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). GIRK channels are also modulated by endogenous proteins and other molecules, including RGS proteins, cholesterol, and SNX27 as well as exogenous compounds, such as alcohol. In the last decade or so, several groups have developed novel drugs and small molecules, such as ML297, GAT1508 and GiGA1, that activate GIRK channels in a G-protein independent manner. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview focusing on the direct modulation of GIRK channels by G-proteins, PIP2, cholesterol, and novel modulatory compounds. These studies offer valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of channel function, and have potential implications for both basic research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul A. Slesinger
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Roy S, Sinha S, Silas AJ, Ghassemian M, Kufareva I, Ghosh P. Growth factor-dependent phosphorylation of Gα i shapes canonical signaling by G protein-coupled receptors. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eade8041. [PMID: 38833528 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A long-standing question in the field of signal transduction is how distinct signaling pathways interact with each other to control cell behavior. Growth factor receptors and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the two major signaling hubs in eukaryotes. Given that the mechanisms by which they signal independently have been extensively characterized, we investigated how they may cross-talk with each other. Using linear ion trap mass spectrometry and cell-based biophysical, biochemical, and phenotypic assays, we found at least three distinct ways in which epidermal growth factor affected canonical G protein signaling by the Gi-coupled GPCR CXCR4 through the phosphorylation of Gαi. Phosphomimicking mutations in two residues in the αE helix of Gαi (tyrosine-154/tyrosine-155) suppressed agonist-induced Gαi activation while promoting constitutive Gβγ signaling. Phosphomimicking mutations in the P loop (serine-44, serine-47, and threonine-48) suppressed Gi activation entirely, thus completely segregating growth factor and GPCR pathways. As expected, most of the phosphorylation events appeared to affect intrinsic properties of Gαi proteins, including conformational stability, nucleotide binding, and the ability to associate with and to release Gβγ. However, one phosphomimicking mutation, targeting the carboxyl-terminal residue tyrosine-320, promoted mislocalization of Gαi from the plasma membrane, a previously uncharacterized mechanism of suppressing GPCR signaling through G protein subcellular compartmentalization. Together, these findings elucidate not only how growth factor and chemokine signals cross-talk through the phosphorylation-dependent modulation of Gαi but also how such cross-talk may generate signal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Roy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ananta James Silas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular and Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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5
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Ke S, Lu S, Xu Y, Bai M, Yu H, Yin B, Wang C, Feng Z, Li Z, Huang J, Li X, Qian B, Hua Y, Fu Y, Sun B, Wu Y, Ma Y. RGS19 activates the MYH9/β-catenin/c-Myc positive feedback loop in hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s12276-024-01244-9. [PMID: 38825640 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide, and the identification of novel treatment targets and prognostic biomarkers is urgently needed because of its unsatisfactory prognosis. Regulator of G-protein signaling 19 (RGS19) is a multifunctional protein that regulates the progression of various cancers. However, the specific function of RGS19 in HCC remains unclear. The expression of RGS19 was determined in clinical HCC samples. Functional and molecular biology experiments involving RGS19 were performed to explore the potential mechanisms of RGS19 in HCC. The results showed that the expression of RGS19 is upregulated in HCC tissues and is significantly associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. RGS19 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RGS19, via its RGS domain, stabilizes the MYH9 protein by directly inhibiting the interaction of MYH9 with STUB1, which has been identified as an E3 ligase of MYH9. Moreover, RGS19 activates β-catenin/c-Myc signaling via MYH9, and RGS19 is also a transcriptional target gene of c-Myc. A positive feedback loop formed by RGS19, MYH9, and the β-catenin/c-Myc axis was found in HCC. In conclusion, our research revealed that competition between RGS19 and STUB1 is a critical mechanism of MYH9 regulation and that the RGS19/MYH9/β-catenin/c-Myc feedback loop may represent a promising strategy for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjia Ke
- Department of Minimally Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shounan Lu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaoyu Bai
- Department of Minimally Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Yin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Feng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The First Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinglong Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baolin Qian
- Department of Minimally Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongliang Hua
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yaohua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Minimally Invasive Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Chung YK, Chan HY, Lee TY, Wong YH. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by GTPase-deficient Gα i is mechanistically different from that mediated by receptor-activated Gα i. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:218. [PMID: 38581012 PMCID: PMC10996109 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been a major focus in cell biology for decades. Numerous disorders are associated with GPCRs that utilize Gi proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase (AC) as well as regulate other effectors. Several early studies have successfully defined the AC-interacting domains of several members of Gαi by measuring the loss of activity upon homologous replacements of putative regions of constitutive active Gαi mutants. However, whether such findings can indeed be translated into the context of a receptor-activated Gαi have not been rigorously verified. To address this issue, an array of known and new chimeric mutations was introduced into GTPase-deficient Q204L (QL) and R178C (RC) mutants of Gαi1, followed by examinations on their ability to inhibit AC. Surprisingly, most chimeras failed to abolish the constitutive activity brought on by the QL mutation, while some were able to eliminate the inhibitory activity of RC mutants. Receptor-mediated inhibition of AC was similarly observed in the same chimeric constructs harbouring the pertussis toxin (PTX)-resistant C351I mutation. Moreover, RC-bearing loss-of-function chimeras appeared to be hyper-deactivated by endogenous RGS protein. Molecular docking revealed a potential interaction between AC and the α3/β5 loop of Gαi1. Subsequent cAMP assays support a cooperative action of the α3/β5 loop, the α4 helix, and the α4/β6 loop in mediating AC inhibition by Gαi1-i3. Our results unveiled a notable functional divergence between constitutively active mutants and receptor-activated Gαi1 to inhibit AC, and identified a previously unknown AC-interacting domain of Gαi subunits. These results collectively provide valuable insights on the mechanism of AC inhibition in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Kwan Chung
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ho Yung Chan
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tung Yeung Lee
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yung Hou Wong
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and the Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Garcia-Marcos M. Heterotrimeric G protein signaling without GPCRs: The Gα-binding-and-activating (GBA) motif. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105756. [PMID: 38364891 PMCID: PMC10943482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ) are molecular switches that relay signals from 7-transmembrane receptors located at the cell surface to the cytoplasm. The function of these receptors is so intimately linked to heterotrimeric G proteins that they are named G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), showcasing the interdependent nature of this archetypical receptor-transducer axis of transmembrane signaling in eukaryotes. It is generally assumed that activation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling occurs exclusively by the action of GPCRs, but this idea has been challenged by the discovery of alternative mechanisms by which G proteins can propagate signals in the cell. This review will focus on a general principle of G protein signaling that operates without the direct involvement of GPCRs. The mechanism of G protein signaling reviewed here is mediated by a class of G protein regulators defined by containing an evolutionarily conserved sequence named the Gα-binding-and-activating (GBA) motif. Using the best characterized proteins with a GBA motif as examples, Gα-interacting vesicle-associated protein (GIV)/Girdin and dishevelled-associating protein with a high frequency of leucine residues (DAPLE), this review will cover (i) the mechanisms by which extracellular cues not relayed by GPCRs promote the coupling of GBA motif-containing regulators with G proteins, (ii) the structural and molecular basis for how GBA motifs interact with Gα subunits to facilitate signaling, (iii) the relevance of this mechanism in different cellular and pathological processes, including cancer and birth defects, and (iv) strategies to manipulate GBA-G protein coupling for experimental therapeutics purposes, including the development of rationally engineered proteins and chemical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Wenbo L, Liangyu X, Zhiyong L, Gongchang Y, Yuanzhen C, Bin S. Status and trends of RGS16 based on data visualization analysis: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36981. [PMID: 38363937 PMCID: PMC10869050 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
G-protein signaling regulator 16 (RGS16) has been confirmed that RGS16 is associated with cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, many studies have shown that RGS16 can be used as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We used CiteSpace and VOS viewer software to perform a bibliometric analysis of 290 publications in the core collection of Web of Science. All the articles come from 399 institutions, including 618 authors, 179 journals, 40 countries, 115 keywords, 1 language, two types of papers, and reviews. The United States has the largest number of publications. The Research Center of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) publishes the most papers, Emory University is the most recent of all institutions with the most recent results in the RGS16 study. Cell biology is the most studied discipline, and the most studied topic is migration. Drury published RGS16-related articles with the most citations (n = 15), and Berman published articles with the most citations (n = 106). The biological applications of RGS16 are currently a hot area of RGS16 research, including inflammation, cancer, ulcerative colitis, metabolic acidosis, platelet activation, and thrombosis. The current scientometrics study provides an overview of RGS16 research from 1995 to 2022. This study provides an overview of current and potential future research hotspots in the field of RGS16 and can be used as a resource for interested researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wenbo
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xie Liangyu
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Zhiyong
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Gongchang
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Yuanzhen
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shi Bin
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Luebbers A, Gonzalez-Hernandez AJ, Zhou M, Eyles SJ, Levitz J, Garcia-Marcos M. Dissecting the molecular basis for the modulation of neurotransmitter GPCR signaling by GINIP. Structure 2024; 32:47-59.e7. [PMID: 37989308 PMCID: PMC10872408 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) stimulated by neurotransmitters are critical for neuromodulation. Much less is known about how heterotrimeric G-protein (Gαβγ) regulation after receptor-mediated activation contributes to neuromodulation. Recent evidence indicates that the neuronal protein GINIP shapes GPCR inhibitory neuromodulation via a unique mechanism of G-protein regulation that controls pain and seizure susceptibility. However, the molecular basis of this mechanism remains ill-defined because the structural determinants of GINIP responsible for binding and regulating G proteins are not known. Here, we combined hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, computational structure predictions, biochemistry, and cell-based biophysical assays to demonstrate an effector-like binding mode of GINIP to Gαi. Specific amino acids of GINIP's PHD domain first loop are essential for G-protein binding and subsequent regulation of Gαi-GTP and Gβγ signaling upon neurotransmitter GPCR stimulation. In summary, these findings shed light onto the molecular basis for a post-receptor mechanism of G-protein regulation that fine-tunes inhibitory neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Myles Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephen J Eyles
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS), University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10064, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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10
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Spicer MM, Weber MA, Luo Z, Yang J, Narayanan NS, Fisher RA. Regulator of G protein signaling 6 (RGS6) in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons promotes EtOH seeking, behavioral reward and susceptibility to relapse. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.24.563844. [PMID: 37961154 PMCID: PMC10634791 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission is believed to play a critical role in mediating reward responses to drugs of abuse, including alcohol (EtOH). EtOH is the most abused substance worldwide with chronic consumption often leading to the development of dependence and abuse. Unfortunately, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying EtOH-seeking behavior and dependence are not fully understood, and abstinence remains the only effective way to prevent alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Here, we developed novel RGS6 fl/fl ; DAT-iCreER mice to determine the role of RGS6 in VTA DA neurons on EtOH consumption and reward behaviors. We found that RGS6 is expressed in DA neurons in both human and mouse VTA, and that RGS6 loss in mice upregulates DA transporter (DAT) expression in VTA DA neuron synaptic terminals. Remarkably, loss of RGS6 in VTA DA neurons significantly reduced EtOH consumption, preference, and reward in a manner indistinguishable from that seen in RGS6 -/- mice. Strikingly, RGS6 loss from VTA DA neurons before or after EtOH behavioral reward is established significantly reduced (∼50%) re-instatement of reward following extinguishment, demonstrating distinct roles of RGS6 in promoting reward and relapse susceptibility to EtOH. These studies illuminate a critical role of RGS6 in the mesolimbic circuit in promoting EtOH seeking, reward, and reinstatement. We propose that RGS6 functions to promote DA transmission through its function as a negative modulator of GPCR-Gα i/o -DAT signaling in VTA DA neurons. These studies identify RGS6 as a potential therapeutic target for behavioral reward and relapse to EtOH.
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11
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Spark DL, Vermeulen MH, de la Fuente Gonzalez RA, Hatzipantelis CJ, Rueda P, Sepehrizadeh T, De Veer M, Mannoury la Cour C, Fornito A, Langiu M, Stewart GD, Nithianantharajah J, Langmead CJ. Gpr88 Deletion Impacts Motivational Control Without Overt Disruptions to Striatal Dopamine. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:1053-1061. [PMID: 37881541 PMCID: PMC10593871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disrupted motivational control is a common-but poorly treated-feature of psychiatric disorders, arising via aberrant mesolimbic dopaminergic signaling. GPR88 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that is highly expressed in the striatum and therefore well placed to modulate disrupted signaling. While the phenotype of Gpr88 knockout mice suggests a role in motivational pathways, it is unclear whether GPR88 is involved in reward valuation and/or effort-based decision making in a sex-dependent manner and whether this involves altered dopamine function. Methods In male and female Gpr88 knockout mice, we used touchscreen-based progressive ratio, with and without reward devaluation, and effort-related choice tasks to assess motivation and cost/benefit decision making, respectively. To explore whether these motivational behaviors were related to alterations in the striatal dopamine system, we quantified expression of dopamine-related genes and/or proteins and used [18F]DOPA positron emission tomography and GTPγ[35S] binding to assess presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine function, respectively. Results We showed that male and female Gpr88 knockout mice displayed greater motivational drive than wild-type mice, which was maintained following reward devaluation. Furthermore, we showed that cost/benefit decision making was impaired in male, but not female, Gpr88 knockout mice. Surprisingly, we found that Gpr88 deletion had no effect on striatal dopamine by any of the measures assessed. Conclusions Our results highlight that GPR88 regulates motivational control but that disruption of such behaviors following Gpr88 deletion occurs independently of gross perturbations to striatal dopamine at a gene, protein, or functional level. This work provides further insights into GPR88 as a drug target for motivational disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy L. Spark
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michela H. Vermeulen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rocío A. de la Fuente Gonzalez
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Patricia Rueda
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tara Sepehrizadeh
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael De Veer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash Biomedical Imaging, and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica Langiu
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory D. Stewart
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Yin S, Ma XY, Sun YF, Yin YQ, Long Y, Zhao CL, Ma JW, Li S, Hu Y, Li MT, Hu G, Zhou JW. RGS5 augments astrocyte activation and facilitates neuroinflammation via TNF signaling. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:203. [PMID: 37674228 PMCID: PMC10481574 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to chronic neuroinflammation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder. However, the precise role of astrocytes in neuroinflammation remains incompletely understood. Herein, we show that regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) promotes neurodegenerative process through augmenting astrocytic tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) signaling. We found that selective ablation of Rgs5 in astrocytes caused an inhibition in the production of cytokines resulting in mitigated neuroinflammatory response and neuronal survival in animal models of PD, whereas overexpression of Rgs5 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, RGS5 switched astrocytes from neuroprotective to pro-inflammatory property via binding to the receptor TNFR2. RGS5 also augmented TNFR signaling-mediated pro-inflammatory response by interacting with the receptor TNFR1. Moreover, interrupting RGS5/TNFR interaction by either RGS5 aa 1-108 or small molecular compounds feshurin and butein, suppressed astrocytic cytokine production. We showed that the transcription of astrocytic RGS5 was controlled by transcription factor early B cell factor 1 whose expression was reciprocally influenced by RGS5-modulated TNF signaling. Thus, our study indicates that beyond its traditional role in G-protein coupled receptor signaling, astrocytic RGS5 is a key modulator of TNF signaling circuit with resultant activation of astrocytes thereby contributing to chronic neuroinflammation. Blockade of the astrocytic RGS5/TNFR interaction is a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin-Yue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Feng Sun
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Center of Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yan-Qing Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ying Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Lai Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jun-Wei Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sen Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function, Disease, Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming-Tao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function, Disease, Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jia-Wei Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science, Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Liu W, He J, Li Z, Weng S, Guo C, He J. Oxygen-Sensing Protein Cysteamine Dioxygenase from Mandarin Fish Involved in the Arg/N-Degron Pathway and Siniperca chuatsi Rhabdovirus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1644. [PMID: 37631990 PMCID: PMC10458066 DOI: 10.3390/v15081644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalia cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol) dioxygenase (ADO) controls the stability of the regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4) through the Cys branch of the Arg/N-degron pathway, thereby affecting the response of the body to hypoxia. However, the oxygen-sensing function of ADO remains unknown in teleost fish. Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is one of the most important freshwater economic fishes in China. As the scale of the rearing density continues to increase, hypoxia has become an important factor threatening the growth of mandarin fish. Herein, the molecular characterization, the oxygen-sensing enzyme function, and the role in virus infection of ADO from mandarin fish (scADO) were explored. Bioinformation analysis results showed that scADO had all the molecular foundations for achieving thiol dioxygenase function: three histidine residues coordinated with Fe(II), PCO/ADO domain, and a "jelly roll" β-barrel structure. The expression pattern analysis showed that scAdo was highly expressed in the immune-related tissues, liver, and kidneys and responded to hypoxia on the expression level. Protein degradation experiment results revealed that scADO could lead to the degradation of RGS4 protein through the Cys branch of the Arg/N-degron pathway. Furthermore, the expression levels of scADO responded to fish virus infection. scADO could significantly promote the replication of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus, and this was associated with its thiol dioxygenase activity. These findings not only demonstrate scADO as an oxygen-sensing protein in teleost fish, but are also of considerable importance for clarifying the contribution of the mechanism of hypoxia to the outbreaks of fish viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (W.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (W.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (W.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Shaoping Weng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Changjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (W.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (W.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
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14
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Park JC, Luebbers A, Dao M, Semeano A, Nguyen AM, Papakonstantinou MP, Broselid S, Yano H, Martemyanov KA, Garcia-Marcos M. Fine-tuning GPCR-mediated neuromodulation by biasing signaling through different G protein subunits. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2540-2558.e12. [PMID: 37390816 PMCID: PMC10527995 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate neuromodulation through the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ). Classical models depict that G protein activation leads to a one-to-one formation of Gα-GTP and Gβγ species. Each of these species propagates signaling by independently acting on effectors, but the mechanisms by which response fidelity is ensured by coordinating Gα and Gβγ responses remain unknown. Here, we reveal a paradigm of G protein regulation whereby the neuronal protein GINIP (Gα inhibitory interacting protein) biases inhibitory GPCR responses to favor Gβγ over Gα signaling. Tight binding of GINIP to Gαi-GTP precludes its association with effectors (adenylyl cyclase) and, simultaneously, with regulator-of-G-protein-signaling (RGS) proteins that accelerate deactivation. As a consequence, Gαi-GTP signaling is dampened, whereas Gβγ signaling is enhanced. We show that this mechanism is essential to prevent the imbalances of neurotransmission that underlie increased seizure susceptibility in mice. Our findings reveal an additional layer of regulation within a quintessential mechanism of signal transduction that sets the tone of neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maria Dao
- U.F. Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ana Semeano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anh Minh Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria P Papakonstantinou
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stefan Broselid
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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15
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Li L, Xu Q, Tang C. RGS proteins and their roles in cancer: friend or foe? Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:81. [PMID: 37118788 PMCID: PMC10148553 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As negative modulators of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling, regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins facilitate various downstream cellular signalings through regulating kinds of heterotrimeric G proteins by stimulating the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity of G-protein α (Gα) subunits. The expression of RGS proteins is dynamically and precisely mediated by several different mechanisms including epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation -and post-translational regulation. Emerging evidence has shown that RGS proteins act as important mediators in controlling essential cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival -and death via regulating downstream cellular signaling activities, indicating that RGS proteins are fundamentally involved in sustaining normal physiological functions and dysregulation of RGS proteins (such as aberrant expression of RGS proteins) is closely associated with pathologies of many diseases such as cancer. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms governing the expression of RGS proteins, and further discuss the relationship of RGS proteins and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333, Binsheng Rd., Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333, Binsheng Rd., Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333, Binsheng Rd., Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Luebbers A, Zhou M, Eyles SJ, Garcia-Marcos M. Dissecting the molecular basis for the modulation of neurotransmitter GPCR signaling by GINIP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.20.537566. [PMID: 37131787 PMCID: PMC10153262 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.20.537566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins (Gαβγ) by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) stimulated by neurotransmitters is a key mechanism underlying neuromodulation. Much less is known about how G-protein regulation after receptor-mediated activation contributes to neuromodulation. Recent evidence indicates that the neuronal protein GINIP shapes GPCR inhibitory neuromodulation via a unique mechanism of G-protein regulation that controls neurological processes like pain and seizure susceptibility. However, the molecular basis of this mechanism remains ill-defined because the structural determinants of GINIP responsible for binding Gαi subunits and regulating G-protein signaling are not known. Here, we combined hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass-spectrometry, protein folding predictions, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays, and biochemical experiments to identify the first loop of the PHD domain of GINIP as an obligatory requirement for Gαi binding. Surprisingly, our results support a model in which GINIP undergoes a long-range conformational change to accommodate Gαi binding to this loop. Using cell-based assays, we demonstrate that specific amino acids in the first loop of the PHD domain are essential for the regulation of Gαi-GTP and free Gβγ signaling upon neurotransmitter GPCR stimulation. In summary, these findings shed light onto the molecular basis for a post-receptor mechanism of G-protein regulation that fine-tunes inhibitory neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Myles Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephen J Eyles
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS), University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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Pisanò CA, Mercatelli D, Mazzocchi M, Brugnoli A, Morella I, Fasano S, Zaveri NT, Brambilla R, O'Keeffe GW, Neubig RR, Morari M. Regulator of G-Protein Signalling 4 (RGS4) negatively modulates nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid receptor signalling: Implication for l-Dopa-induced dyskinesia. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:927-942. [PMID: 34767639 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Regulator of G-protein signalling 4 (RGS4) is a signal transduction protein that accelerates intrinsic GTPase activity of Gαi/o and Gαq subunits, suppressing GPCR signalling. Here, we investigate whether RGS4 modulates nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) opioid (NOP) receptor signalling and if this modulation has relevance for l-Dopa-induced dyskinesia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HEK293T cells transfected with NOP, NOP/RGS4 or NOP/RGS19 were challenged with N/OFQ and the small-molecule NOP agonist AT-403, using D1-stimulated cAMP levels as a readout. Primary rat striatal neurons and adult mouse striatal slices were challenged with either N/OFQ or AT-403 in the presence of the experimental RGS4 chemical probe, CCG-203920, and D1-stimulated cAMP or phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK) responses were monitored. In vivo, CCG-203920 was co-administered with AT-403 and l-Dopa to 6-hydroxydopamine hemilesioned rats, and dyskinetic movements, striatal biochemical correlates of dyskinesia (pERK and pGluR1 levels) and striatal RGS4 levels were measured. KEY RESULTS RGS4 expression reduced NOFQ and AT-403 potency and efficacy in HEK293T cells. CCG-203920 increased N/OFQ potency in primary rat striatal neurons and potentiated AT-403 response in mouse striatal slices. CCG-203920 enhanced AT-403-mediated inhibition of dyskinesia and its biochemical correlates, without compromising its motor-improving effects. Unilateral dopamine depletion caused bilateral reduction of RGS4 levels, which was reversed by l-Dopa. l-Dopa acutely up-regulated RGS4 in the lesioned striatum. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS RGS4 physiologically inhibits NOP receptor signalling. CCG-203920 enhanced NOP responses and improved the antidyskinetic potential of NOP receptor agonists, mitigating the effects of striatal RGS4 up-regulation occurring during dyskinesia expression. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa A Pisanò
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Mercatelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzocchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alberto Brugnoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Morella
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nurulain T Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics, Medicinal Chemistry Division, Mountain View, California, USA
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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18
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Hewitt N, Ma N, Arang N, Martin SA, Prakash A, DiBerto JF, Knight KM, Ghosh S, Olsen RHJ, Roth BL, Gutkind JS, Vaidehi N, Campbell SL, Dohlman HG. Catalytic site mutations confer multiple states of G protein activation. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabq7842. [PMID: 36787384 PMCID: PMC10021883 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abq7842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) that function as molecular switches for cellular growth and metabolism are activated by GTP and inactivated by GTP hydrolysis. In uveal melanoma, a conserved glutamine residue critical for GTP hydrolysis in the G protein α subunit is often mutated in Gαq or Gα11 to either leucine or proline. In contrast, other glutamine mutations or mutations in other Gα subtypes are rare. To uncover the mechanism of the genetic selection and the functional role of this glutamine residue, we analyzed all possible substitutions of this residue in multiple Gα isoforms. Through cell-based measurements of activity, we showed that some mutants were further activated and inactivated by G protein-coupled receptors. Through biochemical, molecular dynamics, and nuclear magnetic resonance-based structural studies, we showed that the Gα mutants were functionally distinct and conformationally diverse, despite their shared inability to hydrolyze GTP. Thus, the catalytic glutamine residue contributes to functions beyond GTP hydrolysis, and these functions include subtype-specific, allosteric modulation of receptor-mediated subunit dissociation. We conclude that G proteins do not function as simple on-off switches. Rather, signaling emerges from an ensemble of active states, a subset of which are favored in disease and may be uniquely responsive to receptor-directed ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hewitt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sarah A. Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ajit Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey F. DiBerto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin M. Knight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Soumadwip Ghosh
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Current address: Illumina Inc, 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Reid H. J. Olsen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Current address: GPCR Pharmacology, Discovery Biology, Exscientia Ai, Oxford, UK OX4 4GE
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharon L. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Henrik G. Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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19
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Lam T, Mastos C, Sloan EK, Halls ML. Pathological changes in GPCR signal organisation: Opportunities for targeted therapies for triple negative breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108331. [PMID: 36513135 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the poorest prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes, due to a historical lack of targeted therapies and high rates of relapse. Greater insight into the components of signalling pathways in TNBC tumour cells has led to the clinical evaluation, and in some cases approval, of targeted therapies. In the last decade, G protein-coupled receptors, such as the β2-adrenoceptor, have emerged as potential new therapeutic targets. Here, we describe how the β2-adrenoceptor accelerates TNBC progression in response to stress, and the unique signalling pathway activated by the β2-adrenoceptor to drive the invasion of an aggressive TNBC tumour cell. We highlight evidence that supports an altered organisation of GPCRs in tumour cells, and suggests that activation of the same GPCR in a different cellular location can control unique cell responses. Finally, we speculate how the relocation of GPCRs to the "wrong" place in tumour cells presents opportunities to develop targeted anti-cancer GPCR drugs with greater efficacy and minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrance Lam
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Chantel Mastos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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20
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Xiang B, Zhao S, Chen J, Chen Y, Zhu C, Hu S, Hu Y. Engineering the filamentous fungus Penicillium oxalicum for rapid, low-background and efficient protein expression. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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The Potential Role of R4 Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233897. [PMID: 36497154 PMCID: PMC9739376 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and heterogeneous disease that primarily results from impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance (IR). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are proposed as therapeutic targets for T2DM. GPCRs transduce signals via the Gα protein, playing an integral role in insulin secretion and IR. The regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) family proteins can bind to Gα proteins and function as GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) to accelerate GTP hydrolysis, thereby terminating Gα protein signaling. Thus, RGS proteins determine the size and duration of cellular responses to GPCR stimulation. RGSs are becoming popular targeting sites for modulating the signaling of GPCRs and related diseases. The R4 subfamily is the largest RGS family. This review will summarize the research progress on the mechanisms of R4 RGS subfamily proteins in insulin secretion and insulin resistance and analyze their potential value in the treatment of T2DM.
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22
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G N S HS, Marise VLP, Rajalekshmi SG, Burri RR, Krishna Murthy TP. Articulating target-mining techniques to disinter Alzheimer's specific targets for drug repurposing. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 222:106931. [PMID: 35724476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's Disease (AD), an extremely progressive neurodegenerative disorder is an amalgamation of numerous intricate pathological networks. This century old disease is still an unmet medical condition owing to the modest efficacy of existing therapeutic agents in antagonizing the multi-targeted pathological pathways underlying AD. Given the paucity in AD specific drugs, fabricating comprehensive research strategies to envision disease specific targets to channelize and expedite drug discovery are mandated. However, the dwindling approval rates and stringent regulatory constraints concerning the approval of a new chemical entity is daunting the pharmaceutical industries from effectuating de novo research. To bridge the existing gaps in AD drug research, a promising contemporary way out could be drug repurposing. This drug repurposing investigation is intended to envisage AD specific targets and create drug libraries pertinent to the shortlisted targets via a series of avant-garde bioinformatics and computational strategies. METHODS Transcriptomic analysis of three AD specific datasets viz., GSE122063, GSE15222 and GSE5281 revealed significant Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and subsequent Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) network analysis captured crucial AD targets. Later, homology model was constructed through I-TASSER for a shortlisted target protein which lacked X-ray crystallographic structure and the built protein model was validated by molecular dynamic simulations. Further, drug library was created for the shortlisted target based on structural and side effect similarity with respective standard drugs. Finally, molecular docking, binding energy calculations and molecular dynamics studies were carried out to unravel the interactions exhibited by drugs from the created library with amino acids in active binding pocket of RGS4. RESULTS SST and RGS4 were shortlisted as potentially significant AD specific targets, however, the less explored target RGS4 was considered for further sequential analysis. Homology model constructed for RGS4 displayed best quality when validated through Ramachandran plot and ERRAT plot. Subsequent docking and molecular dynamics studies showcased substantial affinity demonstrated by three drugs viz., Ziprasidone, Melfoquine and Metaxalone from the created drug libraries, towards RGS4. CONCLUSION This virtual analysis forecasted the repurposable potential of Ziprasidone, Melfoquine and Metaxalone against AD based on their affinity towards RGS4, a key AD-specific target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Sree G N S
- Pharmacological Modelling and Simulation Centre, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560094, India
| | - V Lakshmi Prasanna Marise
- Pharmacological Modelling and Simulation Centre, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560094, India; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560094, India
| | - Saraswathy Ganesan Rajalekshmi
- Pharmacological Modelling and Simulation Centre, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560094, India; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560094, India.
| | | | - T P Krishna Murthy
- Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560054, India
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23
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RGS4 RNA Secondary Structure Mediates Staufen2 RNP Assembly in Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313021. [PMID: 34884825 PMCID: PMC8657808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) act as posttranscriptional regulators controlling the fate of target mRNAs. Unraveling how RNAs are recognized by RBPs and in turn are assembled into neuronal RNA granules is therefore key to understanding the underlying mechanism. While RNA sequence elements have been extensively characterized, the functional impact of RNA secondary structures is only recently being explored. Here, we show that Staufen2 binds complex, long-ranged RNA hairpins in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of its targets. These structures are involved in the assembly of Staufen2 into RNA granules. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence that a defined Rgs4 RNA duplex regulates Staufen2-dependent RNA localization to distal dendrites. Importantly, disrupting the RNA hairpin impairs the observed effects. Finally, we show that these secondary structures differently affect protein expression in neurons. In conclusion, our data reveal the importance of RNA secondary structure in regulating RNA granule assembly, localization and eventually translation. It is therefore tempting to speculate that secondary structures represent an important code for cells to control the intracellular fate of their mRNAs.
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24
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Mirabella F, Desiato G, Mancinelli S, Fossati G, Rasile M, Morini R, Markicevic M, Grimm C, Amegandjin C, Termanini A, Peano C, Kunderfranco P, di Cristo G, Zerbi V, Menna E, Lodato S, Matteoli M, Pozzi D. Prenatal interleukin 6 elevation increases glutamatergic synapse density and disrupts hippocampal connectivity in offspring. Immunity 2021; 54:2611-2631.e8. [PMID: 34758338 PMCID: PMC8585508 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early prenatal inflammatory conditions are thought to be a risk factor for different neurodevelopmental disorders. Maternal interleukin-6 (IL-6) elevation during pregnancy causes abnormal behavior in offspring, but whether these defects result from altered synaptic developmental trajectories remains unclear. Here we showed that transient IL-6 elevation via injection into pregnant mice or developing embryos enhanced glutamatergic synapses and led to overall brain hyperconnectivity in offspring into adulthood. IL-6 activated synaptogenesis gene programs in glutamatergic neurons and required the transcription factor STAT3 and expression of the RGS4 gene. The STAT3-RGS4 pathway was also activated in neonatal brains during poly(I:C)-induced maternal immune activation, which mimics viral infection during pregnancy. These findings indicate that IL-6 elevation at early developmental stages is sufficient to exert a long-lasting effect on glutamatergic synaptogenesis and brain connectivity, providing a mechanistic framework for the association between prenatal inflammatory events and brain neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Mirabella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Genni Desiato
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mancinelli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Fossati
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rasile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Morini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marija Markicevic
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Christina Grimm
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Clara Amegandjin
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alberto Termanini
- Bioinformatic Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Genomic Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- Bioinformatic Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella di Cristo
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland; Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Lodato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council, 20139 Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Pozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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25
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Milanesi E, Cucos CA, Matias-Guiu JA, Piñol-Ripoll G, Manda G, Dobre M, Cuadrado A. Reduced Blood RGS2 Expression in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:738244. [PMID: 34658840 PMCID: PMC8513788 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.738244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) is a gene involved in neuronal plasticity and synaptic signaling, whose expression in the brain is altered in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Microarray data from large datasets suggested reduced RGS2 mRNA levels in the post-mortem brain tissue and blood of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The results were previously confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) only ex vivo in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from AD patients and controls. In this study, we compared RGS2 mRNA levels in peripheral blood samples from 69 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients to 50 age- and sex-matched non-cognitively impaired controls, out of which 25 patients were monitored at 1 year. We found that RGS2 was indeed downregulated in the peripheral blood of these patients (FR = −1.60, p < 0.001), and despite disease-specific therapy, RGS2 transcript levels continued to decrease at 1 year. The results suggest that RGS2 seems to be involved in AD pathology and progression and can be introduced in a panel of blood AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Milanesi
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Jordi A Matias-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastons Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria-IRBL Leida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gina Manda
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Dobre
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Endocrine Physiology and Nervous System, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Section, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Degrandmaison J, Grisé O, Parent JL, Gendron L. Differential barcoding of opioid receptors trafficking. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:99-128. [PMID: 34559903 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, studies have highlighted the δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) as a promising therapeutic target for chronic pain management. While exhibiting milder undesired effects than most currently prescribed opioids, its specific agonists elicit effective analgesic responses in numerous animal models of chronic pain, including inflammatory, neuropathic, diabetic, and cancer-related pain. However, as compared with the extensively studied μ-opioid receptor, the molecular mechanisms governing its trafficking remain elusive. Recent advances have denoted several significant particularities in the regulation of DOPr intracellular routing, setting it apart from the other members of the opioid receptor family. Although they share high homology, each opioid receptor subtype displays specific amino acid patterns potentially involved in the regulation of its trafficking. These precise motifs or "barcodes" are selectively recognized by regulatory proteins and therefore dictate several aspects of the itinerary of a receptor, including its anterograde transport, internalization, recycling, and degradation. With a specific focus on the regulation of DOPr trafficking, this review will discuss previously reported, as well as potential novel trafficking barcodes within the opioid and nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide receptors, and their impact in determining distinct interactomes and physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Degrandmaison
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Quebec Network of Junior Pain Investigators, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Grisé
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Parent
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Quebec Pain Research Network, QC, Canada
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27
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Signaling Pathways Regulated by UBR Box-Containing E3 Ligases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158323. [PMID: 34361089 PMCID: PMC8346999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UBR box E3 ligases, also called N-recognins, are integral components of the N-degron pathway. Representative N-recognins include UBR1, UBR2, UBR4, and UBR5, and they bind destabilizing N-terminal residues, termed N-degrons. Understanding the molecular bases of their substrate recognition and the biological impact of the clearance of their substrates on cellular signaling pathways can provide valuable insights into the regulation of these pathways. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the binding mechanism of UBR box N-recognin/N-degron interactions and their roles in signaling pathways linked to G-protein-coupled receptors, apoptosis, mitochondrial quality control, inflammation, and DNA damage. The targeting of these UBR box N-recognins can provide potential therapies to treat diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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28
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Demirel E, Arnold C, Garg J, Jäger MA, Sticht C, Li R, Kuk H, Wettschureck N, Hecker M, Korff T. RGS5 Attenuates Baseline Activity of ERK1/2 and Promotes Growth Arrest of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1748. [PMID: 34359918 PMCID: PMC8306326 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) acts as an inhibitor of Gαq/11 and Gαi/o activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which regulate arterial tone and blood pressure. While RGS5 has been described as a crucial determinant regulating the VSMC responses during various vascular remodeling processes, its regulatory features in resting VSMCs and its impact on their phenotype are still under debate and were subject of this study. While Rgs5 shows a variable expression in mouse arteries, neither global nor SMC-specific genetic ablation of Rgs5 affected the baseline blood pressure yet elevated the phosphorylation level of the MAP kinase ERK1/2. Comparable results were obtained with 3D cultured resting VSMCs. In contrast, overexpression of RGS5 in 2D-cultured proliferating VSMCs promoted their resting state as evidenced by microarray-based expression profiling and attenuated the activity of Akt- and MAP kinase-related signaling cascades. Moreover, RGS5 overexpression attenuated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, VSMC proliferation, and migration, which was mimicked by selectively inhibiting Gαi/o but not Gαq/11 activity. Collectively, the heterogeneous expression of Rgs5 suggests arterial blood vessel type-specific functions in mouse VSMCs. This comprises inhibition of acute agonist-induced Gαq/11/calcium release as well as the support of a resting VSMC phenotype with low ERK1/2 activity by suppressing the activity of Gαi/o.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Demirel
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jaspal Garg
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Andreas Jäger
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hanna Kuk
- The Ottawa Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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29
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Rgs4 is a regulator of mTOR activity required for motoneuron axon outgrowth and neuronal development in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13338. [PMID: 34172795 PMCID: PMC8233358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Regulator of G protein signaling 4 (Rgs4) is a member of the RGS proteins superfamily that modulates the activity of G-protein coupled receptors. It is mainly expressed in the nervous system and is linked to several neuronal signaling pathways; however, its role in neural development in vivo remains inconclusive. Here, we generated and characterized a rgs4 loss of function model (MZrgs4) in zebrafish. MZrgs4 embryos showed motility defects and presented reduced head and eye sizes, reflecting defective motoneurons axon outgrowth and a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. Forcing the expression of Rgs4 specifically within motoneurons rescued their early defective outgrowth in MZrgs4 embryos, indicating an autonomous role for Rgs4 in motoneurons. We also analyzed the role of Akt, Erk and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascades and showed a requirement for these pathways in motoneurons axon outgrowth and neuronal development. Drawing on pharmacological and rescue experiments in MZrgs4, we provide evidence that Rgs4 facilitates signaling mediated by Akt, Erk and mTOR in order to drive axon outgrowth in motoneurons and regulate neuronal numbers.
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30
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Zang J, Neuhauss SCF. Biochemistry and physiology of zebrafish photoreceptors. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1569-1585. [PMID: 33598728 PMCID: PMC8370914 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All vertebrates share a canonical retina with light-sensitive photoreceptors in the outer retina. These photoreceptors are of two kinds: rods and cones, adapted to low and bright light conditions, respectively. They both show a peculiar morphology, with long outer segments, comprised of ordered stacks of disc-shaped membranes. These discs host numerous proteins, many of which contribute to the visual transduction cascade. This pathway converts the light stimulus into a biological signal, ultimately modulating synaptic transmission. Recently, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has gained popularity for studying the function of vertebrate photoreceptors. In this review, we introduce this model system and its contribution to our understanding of photoreception with a focus on the cone visual transduction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zang
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrase 190, CH - 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan C F Neuhauss
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrase 190, CH - 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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31
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Hayes MP, O'Brien JB, Crawford RA, Fowler CA, Yu L, Doorn JA, Roman DL. Fragment-Based Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Screen against a Regulator of G Protein Signaling Identifies a Binding "Hot Spot". Chembiochem 2021; 22:1609-1620. [PMID: 33480159 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins have attracted attention as a result of their primary role in directing the specificity as well as the temporal and spatial aspects of G protein-coupled receptor signaling. In addition, alterations in RGS protein expression have been observed in a number of disease states, including certain cancers. In this area, RGS17 is of particular interest. It has been demonstrated that, while RGS17 is expressed primarily in the central nervous system, it has been found to be inappropriately expressed in lung, prostate, breast, cervical, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Overexpression of RGS17 leads to dysfunction in inhibitory G protein signaling and an overproduction of the intracellular second messenger cAMP, which in turn alters the transcription patterns of proteins known to promote various cancer types. Suppressing RGS17 expression with RNA interference (RNAi) has been found to decrease tumorigenesis and sufficiently prevents cancer cell migration, leading to the hypothesis that pharmacological blocking of RGS17 function could be useful in anticancer therapies. We have identified small-molecule fragments capable of binding the RGS homology (RH) domain of RGS17 by using a nuclear magnetic resonance fragment-based screening approach. By chemical shift mapping of the two-dimensional 15 N,1 H heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra of the backbone-assigned 15 N-labeled RGS17-RH, we determined the fragment binding sites to be distant from the Gα interface. Thus, our study identifies a putative fragment binding site on RGS17 that was previously unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Hayes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 180 S Grand Avenue, CPB 538, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA.,Present address: Beckman Coulter, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Joseph B O'Brien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 180 S Grand Avenue, CPB 538, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
| | - Rachel A Crawford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 180 S Grand Avenue, CPB 538, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
| | - C Andrew Fowler
- NMR Facility, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA.,Present address: Bruker Biospin Corporation, Billerica, MA 01821-3991, USA
| | - Liping Yu
- NMR Facility, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
| | - Jonathan A Doorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 180 S Grand Avenue, CPB 538, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David L Roman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 180 S Grand Avenue, CPB 538, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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32
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Fuentes N, McCullough M, Panettieri RA, Druey KM. RGS proteins, GRKs, and beta-arrestins modulate G protein-mediated signaling pathways in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107818. [PMID: 33600853 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by chronic lung inflammation and reversible airways obstruction. Pathophysiological features of asthma include episodic and reversible airway narrowing due to increased bronchial smooth muscle shortening in response to external and host-derived mediators, excessive mucus secretion into the airway lumen, and airway remodeling. The aberrant airway smooth muscle (ASM) phenotype observed in asthma manifests as increased sensitivity to contractile mediators (EC50) and an increase in the magnitude of contraction (Emax); collectively these attributes have been termed "airways hyper-responsiveness" (AHR). This defining feature of asthma can be promoted by environmental factors including airborne allergens, viruses, and air pollution and other irritants. AHR reduces airway caliber and obstructs airflow, evoking clinical symptoms such as cough, wheezing and shortness of breath. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have a central function in asthma through their impact on ASM and airway inflammation. Many but not all treatments for asthma target GPCRs mediating ASM contraction or relaxation. Here we discuss the roles of specific GPCRs, G proteins, and their associated signaling pathways, in asthma, with an emphasis on endogenous mechanisms of GPCR regulation of ASM tone and lung inflammation including regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins, G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), and β-arrestin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Fuentes
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Morgan McCullough
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Kirk M Druey
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
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33
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Wilkie TM, Hale MA, Reddy S. Gq-Gi-PLCβ in cells: More than the sum of its reconstituted parts. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102340. [PMID: 33601151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent paper by Pfeil et al., "Heterotrimeric G Protein Subunit Gαq Is a Master Switch for Gβγ-Mediated Calcium Mobilization by Gi-Coupled GPCRs", opens another path from biochemical in vitro reconstitution to understanding the complex regulation of calcium signaling inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Wilkie
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cancer Discovery Team, Wilkie Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Michael A Hale
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cancer Discovery Team, Wilkie Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sarthak Reddy
- Cancer Discovery Team, Wilkie Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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34
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Hariharan A, Weir N, Robertson C, He L, Betsholtz C, Longden TA. The Ion Channel and GPCR Toolkit of Brain Capillary Pericytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:601324. [PMID: 33390906 PMCID: PMC7775489 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.601324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain pericytes reside on the abluminal surface of capillaries, and their processes cover ~90% of the length of the capillary bed. These cells were first described almost 150 years ago (Eberth, 1871; Rouget, 1873) and have been the subject of intense experimental scrutiny in recent years, but their physiological roles remain uncertain and little is known of the complement of signaling elements that they employ to carry out their functions. In this review, we synthesize functional data with single-cell RNAseq screens to explore the ion channel and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) toolkit of mesh and thin-strand pericytes of the brain, with the aim of providing a framework for deeper explorations of the molecular mechanisms that govern pericyte physiology. We argue that their complement of channels and receptors ideally positions capillary pericytes to play a central role in adapting blood flow to meet the challenge of satisfying neuronal energy requirements from deep within the capillary bed, by enabling dynamic regulation of their membrane potential to influence the electrical output of the cell. In particular, we outline how genetic and functional evidence suggest an important role for Gs-coupled GPCRs and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in this context. We put forth a predictive model for long-range hyperpolarizing electrical signaling from pericytes to upstream arterioles, and detail the TRP and Ca2+ channels and Gq, Gi/o, and G12/13 signaling processes that counterbalance this. We underscore critical questions that need to be addressed to further advance our understanding of the signaling topology of capillary pericytes, and how this contributes to their physiological roles and their dysfunction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Hariharan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nick Weir
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Colin Robertson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liqun He
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), Karolinska Institutet & Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Thomas A Longden
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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35
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Calebiro D, Koszegi Z, Lanoiselée Y, Miljus T, O'Brien S. G protein-coupled receptor-G protein interactions: a single-molecule perspective. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:857-906. [PMID: 33331229 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many cellular and physiological processes, responding to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli including hormones, neurotransmitters, odorants, and light. Decades of biochemical and pharmacological studies have provided fundamental insights into the mechanisms of GPCR signaling. Thanks to recent advances in structural biology, we now possess an atomistic understanding of receptor activation and G protein coupling. However, how GPCRs and G proteins interact in living cells to confer signaling efficiency and specificity remains insufficiently understood. The development of advanced optical methods, including single-molecule microscopy, has provided the means to study receptors and G proteins in living cells with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. The results of these studies reveal an unexpected level of complexity, whereby GPCRs undergo transient interactions among themselves as well as with G proteins and structural elements of the plasma membrane to form short-lived signaling nanodomains that likely confer both rapidity and specificity to GPCR signaling. These findings may provide new strategies to pharmaceutically modulate GPCR function, which might eventually pave the way to innovative drugs for common diseases such as diabetes or heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara Miljus
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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36
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Maziarz M, Federico A, Zhao J, Dujmusic L, Zhao Z, Monti S, Varelas X, Garcia-Marcos M. Naturally occurring hotspot cancer mutations in Gα 13 promote oncogenic signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16897-16904. [PMID: 33109615 PMCID: PMC7864081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ac120.014698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins are signaling switches broadly divided into four families based on the sequence and functional similarity of their Gα subunits: Gs, Gi/o, Gq/11, and G12/13 Artificial mutations that activate Gα subunits of each of these families have long been known to induce oncogenic transformation in experimental systems. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, activating hotspot mutations in Gs, Gi/o, or Gq/11 proteins have also been identified in patient tumor samples. In contrast, patient tumor-associated G12/13 mutations characterized to date lead to inactivation rather than activation. By using bioinformatic pathway analysis and signaling assays, here we identified cancer-associated hotspot mutations in Arg-200 of Gα13 (encoded by GNA13) as potent activators of oncogenic signaling. First, we found that components of a G12/13-dependent signaling cascade that culminates in activation of the Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ is frequently altered in bladder cancer. Up-regulation of this signaling cascade correlates with increased YAP/TAZ activation transcriptional signatures in this cancer type. Among the G12/13 pathway alterations were mutations in Arg-200 of Gα13, which we validated to promote YAP/TAZ-dependent (TEAD) and MRTF-A/B-dependent (SRE.L) transcriptional activity. We further showed that this mechanism relies on the same RhoGEF-RhoGTPase cascade components that are up-regulated in bladder cancers. Moreover, Gα13 Arg-200 mutants induced oncogenic transformation in vitro as determined by focus formation assays. In summary, our findings on Gα13 mutants establish that naturally occurring hotspot mutations in Gα subunits of any of the four families of heterotrimeric G-proteins are putative cancer drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Maziarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony Federico
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorena Dujmusic
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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37
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Layeghi-Ghalehsoukhteh S, Pal Choudhuri S, Ocal O, Zolghadri Y, Pashkov V, Niederstrasser H, Posner BA, Kantheti HS, Azevedo-Pouly AC, Huang H, Girard L, MacDonald RJ, Brekken RA, Wilkie TM. Concerted cell and in vivo screen for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) chemotherapeutics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20662. [PMID: 33244070 PMCID: PMC7693321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PDA is a major cause of US cancer-related deaths. Oncogenic Kras presents in 90% of human PDAs. Kras mutations occur early in pre-neoplastic lesions but are insufficient to cause PDA. Other contributing factors early in disease progression include chronic pancreatitis, alterations in epigenetic regulators, and tumor suppressor gene mutation. GPCRs activate heterotrimeric G-proteins that stimulate intracellular calcium and oncogenic Kras signaling, thereby promoting pancreatitis and progression to PDA. By contrast, Rgs proteins inhibit Gi/q-coupled GPCRs to negatively regulate PDA progression. Rgs16::GFP is expressed in response to caerulein-induced acinar cell dedifferentiation, early neoplasia, and throughout PDA progression. In genetically engineered mouse models of PDA, Rgs16::GFP is useful for pre-clinical rapid in vivo validation of novel chemotherapeutics targeting early lesions in patients following successful resection or at high risk for progressing to PDA. Cultured primary PDA cells express Rgs16::GFP in response to cytotoxic drugs. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, TSA, stimulated Rgs16::GFP expression in PDA primary cells, potentiated gemcitabine and JQ1 cytotoxicity in cell culture, and Gem + TSA + JQ1 inhibited tumor initiation and progression in vivo. Here we establish the use of Rgs16::GFP expression for testing drug combinations in cell culture and validation of best candidates in our rapid in vivo screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Layeghi-Ghalehsoukhteh
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shreoshi Pal Choudhuri
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ozhan Ocal
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yalda Zolghadri
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Victor Pashkov
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hanspeter Niederstrasser
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Bruce A Posner
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Havish S Kantheti
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Cancer Discovery (CanDisc) Group, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ana C Azevedo-Pouly
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Huocong Huang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Raymond J MacDonald
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas M Wilkie
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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38
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Masuho I, Balaji S, Muntean BS, Skamangas NK, Chavali S, Tesmer JJG, Babu MM, Martemyanov KA. A Global Map of G Protein Signaling Regulation by RGS Proteins. Cell 2020; 183:503-521.e19. [PMID: 33007266 PMCID: PMC7572916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The control over the extent and timing of G protein signaling is provided by the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins that deactivate G protein α subunits (Gα). Mammalian genomes encode 20 canonical RGS and 16 Gα genes with key roles in physiology and disease. To understand the principles governing the selectivity of Gα regulation by RGS, we examine the catalytic activity of all canonical human RGS proteins and their selectivity for a complete set of Gα substrates using real-time kinetic measurements in living cells. The data reveal rules governing RGS-Gα recognition, the structural basis of its selectivity, and provide principles for engineering RGS proteins with defined selectivity. The study also explores the evolution of RGS-Gα selectivity through ancestral reconstruction and demonstrates how naturally occurring non-synonymous variants in RGS alter signaling. These results provide a blueprint for decoding signaling selectivity and advance our understanding of molecular recognition principles. Systematic analysis reveals G protein selectivity of all canonical RGS proteins RGS proteins rely on selectivity bar codes for selective G protein recognition Transplantation of bar codes across RGS proteins switches their G protein preferences Natural variants, mutations, and evolution shape RGS selectivity
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Santhanam Balaji
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Departments of Structural Biology and Center for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Brian S Muntean
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Nickolas K Skamangas
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Tirupati 517 507, India
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - M Madan Babu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Departments of Structural Biology and Center for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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39
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Regulators of G protein signalling as pharmacological targets for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105148. [PMID: 32858121 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, a specific type of chronic pain resulting from persistent nervous tissue lesions, is a debilitating condition that affects about 7% of the population. This condition remains particularly difficult to treat because of the poor understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Drugs currently used to alleviate this chronic pain syndrome are of limited benefit due to their lack of efficacy and the elevated risk of side effects, especially after a prolonged period of treatment. Although drugs targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) also have several limitations, such as progressive loss of efficacy due to receptor desensitization or unavoidable side effects due to wide receptor distribution, the identification of several molecular partners that contribute to the fine-tuning of receptor activity has raised new opportunities for the development of alternative therapeutic approaches. Regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) act intracellularly by influencing the coupling process and activity of G proteins, and are amongst the best-characterized physiological modulators of GPCR. Changes in RGS expression have been documented in a range of models of neuropathic pain, or after prolonged treatment with diverse analgesics, and could participate in altered pain processing as well as impaired physiological or pharmacological control of nociceptive signals. The present review summarizes the experimental data that implicates RGS in the development of pain with focus on the pathological mechanisms of neuropathic pain, including the impact of neuropathic lesions on RGS expression and, reciprocally, the influence of modifying RGS on GPCRs involved in the modulation of nociception as well as on the outcome of pain. In this context, we address the question of the relevance of RGS as promising targets in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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40
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Patella F, Cutler DF. RGS4 controls secretion of von Willebrand factor to the subendothelial matrix. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247312. [PMID: 32576664 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The haemostatic protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) exists in plasma and subendothelial pools. The plasma pools are secreted from endothelial storage granules, Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), by basal secretion with a contribution from agonist-stimulated secretion, and the subendothelial pool is secreted into the subendothelial matrix by a constitutive pathway not involving WPBs. We set out to determine whether the constitutive release of subendothelial VWF is actually regulated and, if so, what functional consequences this might have. Constitutive VWF secretion can be increased by a range of factors, including changes in VWF expression, levels of TNF and other environmental cues. An RNA-seq analysis revealed that expression of regulator of G protein signalling 4 (RGS4) was reduced in endothelial cells (HUVECs) grown under these conditions. siRNA RGS4 treatment of HUVECs increased constitutive basolateral secretion of VWF, probably by affecting the anterograde secretory pathway. In a simple model of endothelial damage, we show that RGS4-silenced cells increased platelet recruitment onto the subendothelial matrix under flow. These results show that changes in RGS4 expression alter levels of subendothelial VWF, affecting platelet recruitment. This introduces a novel control over VWF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Patella
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniel F Cutler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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41
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Hernandez KR, Karim ZA, Qasim H, Druey KM, Alshbool FZ, Khasawneh FT. Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 16 Is a Negative Modulator of Platelet Function and Thrombosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011273. [PMID: 30791801 PMCID: PMC6474914 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Members of the regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS) family inhibit G‐protein coupled receptor signaling by modulating G‐protein activity. In platelets, there are 3 different RGS isoforms that are expressed at the protein level, including RGS16. Recently, we have shown that CXCL12 regulates platelet function via RGS16. However, the role of RGS16 in platelet function and thrombus formation is poorly defined. Methods and Results We used a genetic knockout mouse model approach to examine the role(s) of RGS16 in platelet activation by using a host of in vitro and in vivo assays. We observed that agonist‐induced platelet aggregation, secretion, and integrin activation were much more pronounced in platelets from the RGS16 knockout (Rgs16−/−) mice relative to their wild type (Rgs16+/+) littermates. Furthermore, the Rgs16−/− mice had a markedly shortened bleeding time and were more susceptible to vascular injury–associated thrombus formation than the controls. Conclusions These findings support a critical role for RGS16 in regulating hemostatic and thrombotic functions of platelets in mice. Hence, RGS16 represents a potential therapeutic target for modulating platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keziah R Hernandez
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy The University of Texas at El Paso TX
| | - Zubair A Karim
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy The University of Texas at El Paso TX
| | - Hanan Qasim
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy The University of Texas at El Paso TX
| | - Kirk M Druey
- 2 Molecular Signal Transduction Section Laboratory of Allergic Diseases NIAID/NIH Bethesda MD
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy The University of Texas at El Paso TX
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy The University of Texas at El Paso TX
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42
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Maziarz M, Park JC, Leyme A, Marivin A, Garcia-Lopez A, Patel PP, Garcia-Marcos M. Revealing the Activity of Trimeric G-proteins in Live Cells with a Versatile Biosensor Design. Cell 2020; 182:770-785.e16. [PMID: 32634377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins (Gαβγ) are the main transducers of signals from GPCRs, mediating the action of countless natural stimuli and therapeutic agents. However, there are currently no robust approaches to directly measure the activity of endogenous G-proteins in cells. Here, we describe a suite of optical biosensors that detect endogenous active G-proteins with sub-second resolution in live cells. Using a modular design principle, we developed genetically encoded, unimolecular biosensors for endogenous Gα-GTP and free Gβγ: the two active species of heterotrimeric G-proteins. This design was leveraged to generate biosensors with specificity for different heterotrimeric G-proteins or for other G-proteins, such as Rho GTPases. Versatility was further validated by implementing the biosensors in multiple contexts, from characterizing cancer-associated G-protein mutants to neurotransmitter signaling in primary neurons. Overall, the versatile biosensor design introduced here enables studying the activity of endogenous G-proteins in live cells with high fidelity, temporal resolution, and convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Maziarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anthony Leyme
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Arthur Marivin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alberto Garcia-Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Prachi P Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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43
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Bastin G, Dissanayake K, Langburt D, Tam ALC, Lee SH, Lachhar K, Heximer SP. RGS4 controls Gαi3-mediated regulation of Bcl-2 phosphorylation on TGN38-containing intracellular membranes. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs241034. [PMID: 32501280 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pools of the heterotrimeric G-protein α-subunit Gαi3 (encoded by GNAI3) have been shown to promote growth factor signaling, while at the same time inhibiting the activation of JNK and autophagic signaling following nutrient starvation. The precise molecular mechanisms linking Gαi3 to both stress and growth factor signaling remain poorly understood. Importantly, JNK-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 was previously found to activate autophagic signaling following nutrient deprivation. Our data shows that activated Gαi3 decreases Bcl-2 phosphorylation, whereas inhibitors of Gαi3, such as RGS4 and AGS3 (also known as GPSM1), markedly increase the levels of phosphorylated Bcl-2. Manipulation of the palmitoylation status and intracellular localization of RGS4 suggests that Gαi3 modulates phosphorylated Bcl-2 levels and autophagic signaling from discreet TGN38 (also known as TGOLN2)-labeled vesicle pools. Consistent with an important role for these molecules in normal tissue responses to nutrient deprivation, increased Gαi signaling within nutrient-starved adrenal glands from RGS4-knockout mice resulted in a dramatic abrogation of autophagic flux, compared to wild-type tissues. Together, these data suggest that the activity of Gαi3 and RGS4 from discreet TGN38-labeled vesicle pools are critical regulators of autophagic signaling that act via their ability to modulate phosphorylation of Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bastin
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology and Engineering Program, 661 University Ave. 14th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Room 303, C. David Naylor Building, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Kaveesh Dissanayake
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Dylan Langburt
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology and Engineering Program, 661 University Ave. 14th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Alex L C Tam
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Shin-Haw Lee
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology and Engineering Program, 661 University Ave. 14th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Karanjit Lachhar
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Scott P Heximer
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology and Engineering Program, 661 University Ave. 14th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Room 303, C. David Naylor Building, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
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44
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Larribère L, Utikal J. Update on GNA Alterations in Cancer: Implications for Uveal Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1524. [PMID: 32532044 PMCID: PMC7352965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is correlated with abnormal expression and activity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and associated G proteins. Oncogenic mutations in both GPCRs and G proteins (GNAS, GNAQ or GNA11) encoding genes have been identified in a significant number of tumors. Interestingly, uveal melanoma driver mutations in GNAQ/GNA11 were identified for a decade, but their discovery did not lead to mutation-specific drug development, unlike it the case for BRAF mutations in cutaneous melanoma which saw enormous success. Moreover, new immunotherapies strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have given underwhelming results. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cancer-associated alterations of GPCRs and G proteins and we focus on the case of uveal melanoma. Finally, we discuss the possibilities that this signaling might represent in regard to novel drug development for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Larribère
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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45
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Sakloth F, Polizu C, Bertherat F, Zachariou V. Regulators of G Protein Signaling in Analgesia and Addiction. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:739-750. [PMID: 32474445 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.119206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are multifunctional proteins expressed in peripheral and neuronal cells, playing critical roles in development, physiologic processes, and pharmacological responses. RGS proteins primarily act as GTPase accelerators for activated Gα subunits of G-protein coupled receptors, but they may also modulate signal transduction by several other mechanisms. Over the last two decades, preclinical work identified members of the RGS family with unique and critical roles in intracellular responses to drugs of abuse. New information has emerged on the mechanisms by which RGS proteins modulate the efficacy of opioid analgesics in a brain region- and agonist-selective fashion. There has also been progress in the understanding of the protein complexes and signal transduction pathways regulated by RGS proteins in addiction and analgesia circuits. In this review, we summarize findings on the mechanisms by which RGS proteins modulate functional responses to opioids in models of analgesia and addiction. We also discuss reports on the regulation and function of RGS proteins in models of psychostimulant addiction. Using information from preclinical studies performed over the last 20 years, we highlight the diverse mechanisms by which RGS protein complexes control plasticity in response to opioid and psychostimulant drug exposure; we further discuss how the understanding of these pathways may lead to new opportunities for therapeutic interventions in G protein pathways. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are signal transduction modulators, expressed widely in various tissues, including brain regions mediating addiction and analgesia. Evidence from preclinical work suggests that members of the RGS family act by unique mechanisms in specific brain regions to control drug-induced plasticity. This review highlights interesting findings on the regulation and function of RGS proteins in models of analgesia and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Sakloth
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute (F.S., C.P., F.B., V.Z.) and Department of Pharmacological Sciences (V.Z.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Claire Polizu
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute (F.S., C.P., F.B., V.Z.) and Department of Pharmacological Sciences (V.Z.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Feodora Bertherat
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute (F.S., C.P., F.B., V.Z.) and Department of Pharmacological Sciences (V.Z.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute (F.S., C.P., F.B., V.Z.) and Department of Pharmacological Sciences (V.Z.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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46
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MacDonald EA, Rose RA, Quinn TA. Neurohumoral Control of Sinoatrial Node Activity and Heart Rate: Insight From Experimental Models and Findings From Humans. Front Physiol 2020; 11:170. [PMID: 32194439 PMCID: PMC7063087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sinoatrial node is perhaps one of the most important tissues in the entire body: it is the natural pacemaker of the heart, making it responsible for initiating each-and-every normal heartbeat. As such, its activity is heavily controlled, allowing heart rate to rapidly adapt to changes in physiological demand. Control of sinoatrial node activity, however, is complex, occurring through the autonomic nervous system and various circulating and locally released factors. In this review we discuss the coupled-clock pacemaker system and how its manipulation by neurohumoral signaling alters heart rate, considering the multitude of canonical and non-canonical agents that are known to modulate sinoatrial node activity. For each, we discuss the principal receptors involved and known intracellular signaling and protein targets, highlighting gaps in our knowledge and understanding from experimental models and human studies that represent areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilidh A MacDonald
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Robert A Rose
- Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - T Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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47
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DiGiacomo V, Maziarz M, Luebbers A, Norris JM, Laksono P, Garcia-Marcos M. Probing the mutational landscape of regulators of G protein signaling proteins in cancer. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/617/eaax8620. [PMID: 32019900 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax8620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The advent of deep-sequencing techniques has revealed that mutations in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways in cancer are more prominent than was previously appreciated. An emergent theme is that cancer-associated mutations tend to cause enhanced GPCR pathway activation to favor oncogenicity. Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are critical modulators of GPCR signaling that dampen the activity of heterotrimeric G proteins through their GTPase-accelerating protein (GAP) activity, which is conferred by a conserved domain dubbed the "RGS-box." Here, we developed an experimental pipeline to systematically assess the mutational landscape of RGS GAPs in cancer. A pan-cancer bioinformatics analysis of the 20 RGS domains with GAP activity revealed hundreds of low-frequency mutations spread throughout the conserved RGS domain structure with a slight enrichment at positions that interface with G proteins. We empirically tested multiple mutations representing all RGS GAP subfamilies and sampling both G protein interface and noninterface positions with a scalable, yeast-based assay. Last, a subset of mutants was validated using G protein activity biosensors in mammalian cells. Our findings reveal that a sizable fraction of RGS protein mutations leads to a loss of function through various mechanisms, including disruption of the G protein-binding interface, loss of protein stability, or allosteric effects on G protein coupling. Moreover, our results also validate a scalable pipeline for the rapid characterization of cancer-associated mutations in RGS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent DiGiacomo
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marcin Maziarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jillian M Norris
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Pandu Laksono
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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48
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Marivin A, Maziarz M, Zhao J, DiGiacomo V, Olmos Calvo I, Mann EA, Ear J, Blanco-Canosa JB, Ross EM, Ghosh P, Garcia-Marcos M. DAPLE protein inhibits nucleotide exchange on Gα s and Gα q via the same motif that activates Gαi. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2270-2284. [PMID: 31949046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides being regulated by G-protein-coupled receptors, the activity of heterotrimeric G proteins is modulated by many cytoplasmic proteins. GIV/Girdin and DAPLE (Dvl-associating protein with a high frequency of leucine) are the best-characterized members of a group of cytoplasmic regulators that contain a Gα-binding and -activating (GBA) motif and whose dysregulation underlies human diseases, including cancer and birth defects. GBA motif-containing proteins were originally reported to modulate G proteins by binding Gα subunits of the Gi/o family (Gαi) over other families (such as Gs, Gq/11, or G12/13), and promoting nucleotide exchange in vitro However, some evidence suggests that this is not always the case, as phosphorylation of the GBA motif of GIV promotes its binding to Gαs and inhibits nucleotide exchange. The G-protein specificity of DAPLE and how it might affect nucleotide exchange on G proteins besides Gαi remain to be investigated. Here, we show that DAPLE's GBA motif, in addition to Gαi, binds efficiently to members of the Gs and Gq/11 families (Gαs and Gαq, respectively), but not of the G12/13 family (Gα12) in the absence of post-translational phosphorylation. We pinpointed Met-1669 as the residue in the GBA motif of DAPLE that diverges from that in GIV and enables better binding to Gαs and Gαq Unlike the nucleotide-exchange acceleration observed for Gαi, DAPLE inhibited nucleotide exchange on Gαs and Gαq These findings indicate that GBA motifs have versatility in their G-protein-modulating effect, i.e. they can bind to Gα subunits of different classes and either stimulate or inhibit nucleotide exchange depending on the G-protein subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Marivin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Marcin Maziarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Vincent DiGiacomo
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Isabel Olmos Calvo
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Emily A Mann
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Jason Ear
- Department of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093
| | - Juan B Blanco-Canosa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain 08034
| | - Elliott M Ross
- Department of Pharmacology, Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118.
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49
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Lou F, Abramyan TM, Jia H, Tropsha A, Jones AM. An atypical heterotrimeric Gα protein has substantially reduced nucleotide binding but retains nucleotide-independent interactions with its cognate RGS protein and Gβγ dimer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:5204-5218. [PMID: 31838952 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1704879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Plants uniquely have a family of proteins called extra-large G proteins (XLG) that share homology in their C-terminal half with the canonical Gα subunits; we carefully detail here that Arabidopsis XLG2 lacks critical residues requisite for nucleotide binding and hydrolysis which is consistent with our quantitative analyses. Based on microscale thermophoresis, Arabidopsis XLG2 binds GTPγS with an affinity 100 times lower than that to canonical Gα subunits. This means that given the concentration range of guanine nucleotide in plant cells, XLG2 is not likely bound by GTP in vivo. Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations provide a plausible mechanism for the poor nucleotide binding affinity of XLG2. Simulations indicate substantially stronger salt bridge networks formed by several key amino-acid residues of AtGPA1 which are either misplaced or missing in XLG2. These residues in AtGPA1 not only maintain the overall shape and integrity of the apoprotein cavity but also increase the frequency of favorable nucleotide-protein interactions in the nucleotide-bound state. Despite this loss of nucleotide dependency, XLG2 binds the RGS domain of AtRGS1 with an affinity similar to the Arabidopsis AtGPA1 in its apo-state and about 2 times lower than AtGPA1 in its transition state. In addition, XLG2 binds the Gβγ dimer with an affinity similar to that of AtGPA1. XLG2 likely acts as a dominant negative Gα protein to block G protein signaling. We propose that XLG2, independent of guanine nucleotide binding, regulates the active state of the canonical G protein pathway directly by sequestering Gβγ and indirectly by promoting heterodimer formation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lou
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tigran M Abramyan
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alan M Jones
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Departments of Biology and Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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50
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Selheim F, Aasebø E, Ribas C, Aragay AM. An Overview on G Protein-coupled Receptor-induced Signal Transduction in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5293-5316. [PMID: 31032748 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190429153247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of precursor myeloid-lineage cells in the bone marrow. AML is also characterized by patients with poor long-term survival outcomes due to relapse. Many efforts have been made to understand the biological heterogeneity of AML and the challenges to develop new therapies are therefore enormous. G Protein-coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are a large attractive drug-targeted family of transmembrane proteins, and aberrant GPCR expression and GPCR-mediated signaling have been implicated in leukemogenesis of AML. This review aims to identify the molecular players of GPCR signaling, focusing on the hematopoietic system, which are involved in AML to help developing novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies. METHODS We undertook an exhaustive and structured search of bibliographic databases for research focusing on GPCR, GPCR signaling and expression in AML. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Many scientific reports were found with compelling evidence for the involvement of aberrant GPCR expression and perturbed GPCR-mediated signaling in the development of AML. The comprehensive analysis of GPCR in AML provides potential clinical biomarkers for prognostication, disease monitoring and therapeutic guidance. It will also help to provide marker panels for monitoring in AML. We conclude that GPCR-mediated signaling is contributing to leukemogenesis of AML, and postulate that mass spectrometrybased protein profiling of primary AML cells will accelerate the discovery of potential GPCR related biomarkers for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Selheim
- The Proteomics Unit at the University of Bergen, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Elise Aasebø
- The Proteomics Unit at the University of Bergen, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Catalina Ribas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna M Aragay
- Departamento de Biologia Celular. Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac, 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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