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Geng Y, Xie C, Yan A, Yang X, Lai DN, Liu X, Zhou Y. A conserved GRAS-domain transcriptional regulator links meristem indeterminacy to sex determination in Ceratopteris gametophytes. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3454-3472.e7. [PMID: 39059395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Most land plants alternate between generations of sexual gametophytes and asexual sporophytes. Unlike seed plants, fern gametophytes are free living and grow independently of their sporophytes. In homosporous ferns such as Ceratopteris, gametophytes derived from genetically identical spores exhibit sexual dimorphism, developing as either males or hermaphrodites. Males lack meristems and promote cell differentiation into sperm-producing antheridia. In contrast, hermaphrodites initiate multicellular meristems that stay undifferentiated, sustain cell division and prothallus expansion, and drive the formation of egg-producing archegonia. Once initiating the meristem, hermaphrodites secrete the pheromone antheridiogen, which triggers neighboring slower-growing gametophytes to develop as males, while the hermaphrodites themselves remain insensitive to antheridiogen. This strategy promotes outcrossing and prevents all individuals in the colony from becoming males. This study reveals that an evolutionarily conserved GRAS-domain transcriptional regulator (CrHAM), directly repressed by Ceratopteris microRNA171 (CrmiR171), promotes meristem development in Ceratopteris gametophytes and determines the male-to-hermaphrodite ratio in the colony. CrHAM preferentially accumulates within the meristems of hermaphrodites but is excluded from differentiated antheridia. CrHAM sustains meristem proliferation and cell division through conserved hormone pathways. In the meantime, CrHAM inhibits the antheridiogen-induced conversion of hermaphrodites to males by suppressing the male program expression and preventing meristem cells from differentiating into sperm-producing antheridia. This finding establishes a connection between meristem indeterminacy and sex determination in ferns, suggesting both conserved and diversified roles of meristem regulators in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Geng
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - An Yan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dinh Nhan Lai
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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2
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Chen C, Hu Y, Ikeuchi M, Jiao Y, Prasad K, Su YH, Xiao J, Xu L, Yang W, Zhao Z, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Gao J, Wang JW. Plant regeneration in the new era: from molecular mechanisms to biotechnology applications. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1338-1367. [PMID: 38833085 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Plants or tissues can be regenerated through various pathways. Like animal regeneration, cell totipotency and pluripotency are the molecular basis of plant regeneration. Detailed systematic studies on Arabidopsis thaliana gradually unravel the fundamental mechanisms and principles underlying plant regeneration. Specifically, plant hormones, cell division, epigenetic remodeling, and transcription factors play crucial roles in reprogramming somatic cells and reestablishing meristematic cells. Recent research on basal non-vascular plants and monocot crops has revealed that plant regeneration differs among species, with various plant species using distinct mechanisms and displaying significant differences in regenerative capacity. Conducting multi-omics studies at the single-cell level, tracking plant regeneration processes in real-time, and deciphering the natural variation in regenerative capacity will ultimately help understand the essence of plant regeneration, improve crop regeneration efficiency, and contribute to future crop design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Momoko Ikeuchi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Kalika Prasad
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, 411008, India.
- , Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
| | - Ying Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB), CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), IGDB, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Weibing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- CEPAMS, SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CEMPS, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Wenkun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, USA.
| | - Jian Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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3
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Wu X, Yuan Y, Zhou S, Wang Z, Li H, Wu W, Lei Z, Liu S, Qi K, Yin H, Zhou Y, Zhang S. Plant Stem Cell Informatics Database (PSCIdb): A comprehensive computational platform for identifying and analyzing genes related to plant stem cells. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100818. [PMID: 38217287 PMCID: PMC11121164 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yubo Yuan
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zewen Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wanping Wu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhijie Lei
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Siyao Liu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Arnoux-Courseaux M, Coudert Y. Re-examining meristems through the lens of evo-devo. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:413-427. [PMID: 38040554 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The concept of the meristem was introduced in 1858 to characterize multicellular, formative, and proliferative tissues that give rise to the entire plant body, based on observations of vascular plants. Although its original definition did not encompass bryophytes, this concept has been used and continuously refined over the past 165 years to describe the diverse apices of all land plants. Here, we re-examine this matter in light of recent evo-devo research and show that, despite displaying high anatomical diversity, land plant meristems are unified by shared genetic control. We also propose a modular view of meristem function and highlight multiple evolutionary mechanisms that are likely to have contributed to the assembly and diversification of the varied meristems during the course of plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moïra Arnoux-Courseaux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, INRIA, Lyon 69007, France; Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, 17 avenue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Yoan Coudert
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, INRIA, Lyon 69007, France.
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5
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Chopy M, Cavallini-Speisser Q, Chambrier P, Morel P, Just J, Hugouvieux V, Rodrigues Bento S, Zubieta C, Vandenbussche M, Monniaux M. Cell layer-specific expression of the homeotic MADS-box transcription factor PhDEF contributes to modular petal morphogenesis in petunia. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:324-345. [PMID: 37804091 PMCID: PMC10827313 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Floral homeotic MADS-box transcription factors ensure the correct morphogenesis of floral organs, which are organized in different cell layers deriving from distinct meristematic layers. How cells from these distinct layers acquire their respective identities and coordinate their growth to ensure normal floral organ morphogenesis is unresolved. Here, we studied petunia (Petunia × hybrida) petals that form a limb and tube through congenital fusion. We identified petunia mutants (periclinal chimeras) expressing the B-class MADS-box gene DEFICIENS in the petal epidermis or in the petal mesophyll, called wico and star, respectively. Strikingly, wico flowers form a strongly reduced tube while their limbs are almost normal, while star flowers form a normal tube but greatly reduced and unpigmented limbs, showing that petunia petal morphogenesis is highly modular. These mutants highlight the layer-specific roles of PhDEF during petal development. We explored the link between PhDEF and petal pigmentation, a well-characterized limb epidermal trait. The anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was strongly downregulated in star petals, including its major regulator ANTHOCYANIN2 (AN2). We established that PhDEF directly binds to the AN2 terminator in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that PhDEF might regulate AN2 expression and therefore petal epidermis pigmentation. Altogether, we show that cell layer-specific homeotic activity in petunia petals differently impacts tube and limb development, revealing the relative importance of the different cell layers in the modular architecture of petunia petals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Chopy
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Quentin Cavallini-Speisser
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Pierre Chambrier
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Patrice Morel
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Jérémy Just
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Véronique Hugouvieux
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Suzanne Rodrigues Bento
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Chloe Zubieta
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Michiel Vandenbussche
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Marie Monniaux
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69007, France
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6
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Paull RE, Ksouri N, Kantar M, Zerpa‐Catanho D, Chen NJ, Uruu G, Yue J, Guo S, Zheng Y, Wai CMJ, Ming R. Differential gene expression during floral transition in pineapple. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e541. [PMID: 38028646 PMCID: PMC10644199 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Pineapple (Ananas comosus var. comosus) and ornamental bromeliads are commercially induced to flower by treatment with ethylene or its analogs. The apex is transformed from a vegetative to a floral meristem and shows morphological changes in 8 to 10 days, with flowers developing 8 to 10 weeks later. During eight sampling stages ranging from 6 h to 8 days after treatment, 7961 genes were found to exhibit differential expression (DE) after the application of ethylene. In the first 3 days after treatment, there was little change in ethylene synthesis or in the early stages of the ethylene response. Subsequently, three ethylene response transcription factors (ERTF) were up-regulated and the potential gene targets were predicted to be the positive flowering regulator CONSTANS-like 3 (CO), a WUSCHEL gene, two APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL) genes, an epidermal patterning gene, and a jasmonic acid synthesis gene. We confirm that pineapple has lost the flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C. At the initial stages, the SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) was not significantly involved in this transition. Another WUSCHEL gene and a PHD homeobox transcription factor, though not apparent direct targets of ERTF, were up-regulated within a day of treatment, their predicted targets being the up-regulated CO, auxin response factors, SQUAMOSA, and histone H3 genes with suppression of abscisic acid response genes. The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), TERMINAL FLOWER (TFL), AGAMOUS-like APETELAR (AP2), and SEPETALA (SEP) increased rapidly within 2 to 3 days after ethylene treatment. Two FT genes were up-regulated at the apex and not at the leaf bases after treatment, suggesting that transport did not occur. These results indicated that the ethylene response in pineapple and possibly most bromeliads act directly to promote the vegetative to flower transition via APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL) and its interaction with SPL, FT, TFL, SEP, and AP2. A model based on AP2/ERTF DE and predicted DE target genes was developed to give focus to future research. The identified candidate genes are potential targets for genetic manipulation to determine their molecular role in flower transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Paull
- Tropical Plant & Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Najla Ksouri
- Laboratory of Genomics, Genetics and Breeding of Fruits and Grapevine, Experimental Aula Dei‐CSICZaragozaSpain
| | - Michael Kantar
- Tropical Plant & Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | | | - Nancy Jung Chen
- Tropical Plant & Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Gail Uruu
- Tropical Plant & Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Jingjing Yue
- Center for Genomics and BiotechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Shiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational MedicineKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational MedicineKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingYunnanChina
| | | | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Center for Genomics and BiotechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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Wu X, Liu X, Zhang S, Zhou Y. Cell Division and Meristem Dynamics in Fern Gametophytes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:209. [PMID: 36616337 PMCID: PMC9823664 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important questions in all multicellular organisms is how to define and maintain different cell fates during continuous cell division and proliferation. Plant meristems provide a unique research system to address this fundamental question because meristems dynamically maintain themselves and sustain organogenesis through balancing cell division and cell differentiation. Different from the gametophytes of seed plants that depend on their sporophytes and lack meristems, the gametophytes of seed-free ferns develop different types of meristems (including apical cell-based meristems and multicellular apical and marginal meristems) to promote independent growth and proliferation during the sexual gametophyte phase. Recent studies combining confocal time-lapse imaging and computational image analysis reveal the cellular basis of the initiation and proliferation of different types of meristems in fern gametophytes, providing new insights into the evolution of meristems in land plants. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the cell growth dynamics in fern gametophytes and discuss both conserved and diversified mechanisms underlying meristem cell proliferation in seed-free vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Vafa F, Mahadevan L. Active Nematic Defects and Epithelial Morphogenesis. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:098102. [PMID: 36083666 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.098102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by recent experiments that highlight the role of nematic defects in the morphogenesis of epithelial tissues, we develop a minimal framework to study the dynamics of an active curved surface driven by its nematic texture. Allowing the surface to evolve via relaxational dynamics leads to a theory linking nematic defect dynamics, cellular division rates, and Gaussian curvature. Regions of large positive (negative) curvature and positive (negative) growth are colocalized with the presence of positive (negative) defects. In an ex-vivo setting of cultured murine neural progenitor cells, we show that our framework is consistent with the observed cell accumulation at positive defects and depletion at negative defects. In an in-vivo setting, we show that the defect configuration consisting of a bound +1 defect state, which is stabilized by activity, surrounded by two -1/2 defects can create a stationary ring configuration of tentacles, consistent with observations of a basal marine invertebrate Hydra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Vafa
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L Mahadevan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Departments of Physics, and Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Sang Q, Vayssières A, Ó'Maoiléidigh DS, Yang X, Vincent C, Bertran Garcia de Olalla E, Cerise M, Franzen R, Coupland G. MicroRNA172 controls inflorescence meristem size through regulation of APETALA2 in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:356-371. [PMID: 35318684 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factor regulates flower development, floral transition and shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintenance in Arabidopsis. AP2 is also regulated at the post-transcriptional level by microRNA172 (miR172), but the contribution of this to SAM maintenance is poorly understood. We generated transgenic plants carrying a form of AP2 that is resistant to miR172 (rAP2) or carrying a wild-type AP2 susceptible to miR172. Phenotypic and genetic analyses were performed on these lines and mir172 mutants to study the role of AP2 regulation by miR172 on meristem size and the rate of flower production. We found that rAP2 enlarges the inflorescence meristem by increasing cell size and cell number. Misexpression of rAP2 from heterologous promoters showed that AP2 acts in the central zone (CZ) and organizing center (OC) to increase SAM size. Furthermore, we found that AP2 is negatively regulated by AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3 (ARF3). However, genetic analyses indicated that ARF3 also influences SAM size and flower production rate independently of AP2. The study identifies miR172/AP2 as a regulatory module controlling inflorescence meristem size and suggests that transcriptional regulation of AP2 by ARF3 fine-tunes SAM size determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sang
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Alice Vayssières
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Diarmuid S Ó'Maoiléidigh
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Institute of Systems, Integrative, and Molecular Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Coral Vincent
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | | | - Martina Cerise
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Rainer Franzen
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
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Geng Y, Yan A, Zhou Y. Positional cues and cell division dynamics drive meristem development and archegonium formation in Ceratopteris gametophytes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:650. [PMID: 35778477 PMCID: PMC9249879 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fern gametophytes are autotrophic and independent of sporophytes, and they develop pluripotent meristems that drive prothallus development and sexual reproduction. To reveal cellular dynamics during meristem development in fern gametophytes, we performed long-term time-lapse imaging and determined the real-time lineage, identity and division activity of each single cell from meristem initiation to establishment in gametophytes of the fern Ceratopteris richardii. Our results demonstrate that in Ceratopteris gametophytes, only a few cell lineages originated from the marginal layer contribute to meristem initiation and proliferation, and the meristem lacks a distinguishable central zone or apical cell with low division activity. Within the meristem, cell division is independent of cell lineages and cells at the marginal layer are more actively dividing than inner cells. Furthermore, the meristem triggers differentiation of adjacent cells into egg-producing archegonia in a position-dependent manner. These findings advance the understanding of diversified meristem and gametophyte development in land plants. Time-lapse imaging of the fern Ceratopteris richardii during meristem initiation and proliferation provides insights into the lineage, identity and division activity of each cell throughout the growth of gametophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Geng
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - An Yan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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11
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Wu X, Yan A, Yang X, Banks JA, Zhang S, Zhou Y. Cell growth dynamics in two types of apical meristems in fern gametophytes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:149-163. [PMID: 35451138 PMCID: PMC9541313 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to seed plants, the gametophytes of seed-free plants develop pluripotent meristems, which promote and sustain their independent growth and development. To date, the cellular basis of meristem development in gametophytes of seed-free ferns remains largely unknown. In this study, we used Woodsia obtusa, the blunt-lobe cliff fern, to quantitatively determine cell growth dynamics in two different types of apical meristems - the apical initial centered meristem and the multicellular apical meristem in gametophytes. Through confocal time-lapse live imaging and computational image analysis and quantification, we determined unique patterns of cell division and growth that sustain or terminate apical initials, dictate the transition from apical initials to multicellular apical meristems, and drive proliferation of apical meristems in ferns. Quantitative results showed that small cells correlated to active cell division in fern gametophytes. The marginal cells of multicellular apical meristems in fern gametophytes undergo division in both anticlinal and periclinal orientations, not only increasing cell numbers but also playing a dominant role in increasing cell layers during gametophyte development. All these findings provide insights into the function and regulation of meristems in gametophytes of seed-free vascular plants, suggesting both conserved and diversified mechanisms underlying meristem cell proliferation across land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Center of Pear Engineering Technology ResearchNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu210095China
| | - An Yan
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCalifornia91125USA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCalifornia91125USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA
| | - Jo Ann Banks
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Center of Pear Engineering Technology ResearchNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu210095China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA
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12
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Greenwood M, Tokuda IT, Locke JCW. A spatial model of the plant circadian clock reveals design principles for coordinated timing. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e10140. [PMID: 35312157 PMCID: PMC8935279 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual plant cells possess a genetic network, the circadian clock, that times internal processes to the day‐night cycle. Mathematical models of the clock are typically either “whole‐plant” that ignore tissue or cell type‐specific clock behavior, or “phase‐only” that do not include molecular components. To address the complex spatial coordination observed in experiments, here we implemented a clock network model on a template of a seedling. In our model, the sensitivity to light varies across the plant, and cells communicate their timing via local or long‐distance sharing of clock components, causing their rhythms to couple. We found that both varied light sensitivity and long‐distance coupling could generate period differences between organs, while local coupling was required to generate the spatial waves of clock gene expression observed experimentally. We then examined our model under noisy light‐dark cycles and found that local coupling minimized timing errors caused by the noise while allowing each plant region to maintain a different clock phase. Thus, local sensitivity to environmental inputs combined with local coupling enables flexible yet robust circadian timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Greenwood
- Sainsbury Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Isao T Tokuda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan
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13
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Kitamura S, Satoh K, Oono Y. Detection and characterization of genome-wide mutations in M1 vegetative cells of gamma-irradiated Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009979. [PMID: 35051177 PMCID: PMC8775353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced mutations have been detected by whole-genome sequencing analyses of self-pollinated generations of mutagenized plants. However, large DNA alterations and mutations in non-germline cells were likely missed. In this study, in order to detect various types of mutations in mutagenized M1 plants, anthocyanin pigmentation was used as a visible marker of mutations. Arabidopsis seeds heterozygous for the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were irradiated with gamma-rays. Anthocyanin-less vegetative sectors resulting from a loss of heterozygosity were isolated from the gamma-irradiated M1 plants. The whole-genome sequencing analysis of the sectors detected various mutations, including structural variations (SVs) and large deletions (≥100 bp), both of which have been less characterized in the previous researches using gamma-irradiated plant genomes of M2 or later generations. Various types of rejoined sites were found in SVs, including no-insertion/deletion (indel) sites, only-deletion sites, only-insertion sites, and indel sites, but the rejoined sites with 0–5 bp indels represented most of the SVs. Examinations of the junctions of rearrangements (SVs and large deletions), medium deletions (10–99 bp), and small deletions (2–9 bp) revealed unique features (i.e., frequency of insertions and microhomology) at the rejoined sites. These results suggest that they were formed preferentially via different processes. Additionally, mutations that occurred in putative single M1 cells were identified according to the distribution of their allele frequency. The estimated mutation frequencies and spectra of the M1 cells were similar to those of previously analyzed M2 cells, with the exception of the greater proportion of rearrangements in the M1 cells. These findings suggest there are no major differences in the small mutations (<100 bp) between vegetative and germline cells. Thus, this study generated valuable information that may help clarify the nature of gamma-irradiation-induced mutations and their occurrence in cells that develop into vegetative or reproductive tissues. Mutations that occur in plant genome are not only related to plant evolution and speciation in nature, and also useful to identify novel gene functions and to develop new cultivars. Ionizing radiations induce various types of mutations throughout genomes in individual cells of an irradiated/mutagenized plant. However, current knowledge on radiation-induced genome-wide mutations in plants relied on the analyses of self-pollinated generations (M2 or later generations) of the mutagenized plants (M1 generation). Thus, mutations that are hardly transmitted to the next generation and those occurred in non-germline cells could not be investigated. Here, using anthocyanin pigmentation as a visible marker to reduce the genomic complexity in M1 plants, we achieved reliable detection of radiation-induced genome-wide mutations. We demonstrated that rearrangements, which were hardly detected in previous analyses using M2 genomes, occurred substantially often in gamma-irradiated M1 cells. We also revealed that mutation profile of the M1 cells was comparable with that of M2 genomes reported in previous analyses, except for the higher proportion of rearrangements in the M1 genome. Together with unique features at rejoined sites of rearrangements, medium deletions, and small deletions in the M1 genome, our findings are helpful to know the nature of genome-wide mutations induced by gamma-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kitamura
- Project “Ion Beam Mutagenesis”, Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Takasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsuya Satoh
- Project “Ion Beam Mutagenesis”, Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oono
- Project “Ion Beam Mutagenesis”, Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Takasaki, Japan
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14
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Cui Y, Lu X, Gou X. Receptor-like protein kinases in plant reproduction: Current understanding and future perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100273. [PMID: 35059634 PMCID: PMC8760141 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is a crucial process in the life span of flowering plants, and directly affects human basic requirements in agriculture, such as grain yield and quality. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are a large family of membrane proteins sensing extracellular signals to regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. In Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species, RLK-mediated signaling pathways play essential roles in regulating the reproductive process by sensing different ligand signals. Molecular understanding of the reproductive process is vital from the perspective of controlling male and female fertility. Here, we summarize the roles of RLKs during plant reproduction at the genetic and molecular levels, including RLK-mediated floral organ development, ovule and anther development, and embryogenesis. In addition, the possible molecular regulatory patterns of those RLKs with unrevealed mechanisms during reproductive development are discussed. We also point out the thought-provoking questions raised by the research on these plant RLKs during reproduction for future investigation.
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15
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Kwon SJ, Han SJ, Kim MH, Jang SY, Choi JS, Seo JK. Ethylene emitted by viral pathogen-infected pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) plants is a volatile chemical cue that attracts aphid vectors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994314. [PMID: 36247604 PMCID: PMC9559363 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens, and most depend on insect vectors for transmission between plants. Viral infection causes various physiological and metabolic changes in host traits, which subsequently influence the behavior and fitness of the insect vectors. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), one of the most widespread pathogens in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), is transmitted by aphid vectors in a non-persistent manner. Here, we examined whether CMV infection in pepper affects the behavior of aphid vectors (Myzus persicae and Aphis glycines) in pepper. Aphid preference test revealed that significantly more aphids were attracted to CMV-infected pepper plants than to healthy plants. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed a significant activation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in CMV-infected pepper plants. Indeed, gas chromatography analysis demonstrated that ethylene emission was significantly increased by CMV infection in pepper plants. Elevated ethylene emission in ethephon-treated healthy pepper increased their attractiveness to aphids. In contrast, aphid preference decreased after chemical inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis in CMV-infected pepper plants. Our results suggest that the ethylene emitted by CMV infection is a volatile cue that regulates the attractiveness of pepper plants to M. persicae and A. glycines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jung Kwon
- Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Han
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hwi Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Yeong Jang
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Choi
- Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Jang-Kyun Seo
- Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jang-Kyun Seo,
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16
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Wu X, Yan A, Liu X, Zhang S, Zhou Y. Quantitative live-imaging reveals the dynamics of apical cells during gametophyte development in ferns. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e25. [PMID: 37077984 PMCID: PMC10095955 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Meristems in land plants share conserved functions but develop highly variable structures. Meristems in seed-free plants, including ferns, usually contain one or a few pyramid-/wedge-shaped apical cells (ACs) as initials, which are lacking in seed plants. It remained unclear how ACs promote cell proliferation in fern gametophytes and whether any persistent AC exists to sustain fern gametophyte development continuously. Here, we uncovered previously undefined ACs maintained even at late developmental stages in fern gametophytes. Through quantitative live-imaging, we determined division patterns and growth dynamics that maintain the persistent AC in Sphenomeris chinensis, a representative fern. The AC and its immediate progenies form a conserved cell packet, driving cell proliferation and prothallus expansion. At the apical centre of gametophytes, the AC and its adjacent progenies display small dimensions resulting from active cell division instead of reduced cell expansion. These findings provide insight into diversified meristem development in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, USA
- Purdue Centre for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, USA
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - An Yan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- Purdue Centre for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, USA
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Authors for correspondence: S. Zhang, Y. Zhou, E-mail: ;
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, USA
- Purdue Centre for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, USA
- Authors for correspondence: S. Zhang, Y. Zhou, E-mail: ;
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17
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Wu X, Yan A, McAdam SAM, Banks JA, Zhang S, Zhou Y. Timing of meristem initiation and maintenance determines the morphology of fern gametophytes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6990-7001. [PMID: 34181730 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The alternation of generations in land plants occurs between the sporophyte phase and the gametophyte phase. The sporophytes of seed plants develop self-maintained, multicellular meristems, and these meristems determine plant architecture. The gametophytes of seed plants lack meristems and are heterotrophic. In contrast, the gametophytes of seed-free vascular plants, including ferns, are autotrophic and free-living, developing meristems to sustain their independent growth and proliferation. Compared with meristems in the sporophytes of seed plants, the cellular mechanisms underlying meristem development in fern gametophytes remain largely unknown. Here, using confocal time-lapse live imaging and computational segmentation and quantification, we determined different patterns of cell divisions associated with the initiation and proliferation of two distinct types of meristems in gametophytes of two closely related Pteridaceae ferns, Pteris vittata and Ceratopteris richardii. Our results reveal how the simple timing of a switch between two meristems has considerable consequences for the divergent gametophyte morphologies of the two ferns. They further provide evolutionary insight into the function and regulation of gametophyte meristems in seed-free vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - An Yan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jo Ann Banks
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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18
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Geng Y, Zhou Y. N-terminal region is required for functions of the HAM family member. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1940001. [PMID: 34152254 PMCID: PMC8331016 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1940001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Shoot meristems contain stem cells, and they sustain growth and development of the above-ground tissues in land plants. The HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) family genes, encoding GRAS-domain transcriptional regulators, play essential roles in the control of shoot meristem development and stem cell homeostasis in several flowering plants. Similar to other GRAS proteins, the C-terminal regions of HAM family proteins across land plants are conserved, containing signature motifs that define the GRAS domain. In contrast, the N-terminal regions of HAM family proteins display substantial divergence in sequence and length. Whether the variable and divergent N-termini are required for the conserved functions of HAM proteins is unknown. Our recent work showed that CrHAM - the HAM homolog in the fern Ceratopteris richardii was able to replace the role of type-II HAM genes in Arabidopsis, maintaining established shoot apical meristems and promoting the initiation of new stem cell niches. Here, we provide additional information and show that CrHAM contains a much longer N-terminal region compared to Arabidopsis HAM proteins, which is conserved among different fern HAM homologs. The deletion of this region largely compromises the ability of CrHAM to replace the function of Arabidopsis HAM proteins in shoot meristems. These new data together with previous results suggest that, although lacking the sequence conservation among HAM homologs from different plant lineages, the N-termini are important for the conserved functions of HAM family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Geng
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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19
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Geng Y, Guo L, Han H, Liu X, Banks JA, Wisecaver JH, Zhou Y. Conservation and diversification of HAIRY MERISTEM gene family in land plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:366-378. [PMID: 33484592 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The shoot apical meristems (SAMs) of land plants are crucial for plant growth and organ formation. In several angiosperms, the HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) genes function as key regulators that control meristem development and stem cell homeostasis. To date, the origin and evolutionary history of the HAM family in land plants remains unclear. Potentially shared and divergent functions of HAM family members from angiosperms and non-angiosperms are also not known. In constructing a comprehensive phylogeny of the HAM family, we show that HAM proteins are widely present in land plants and that HAM proteins originated prior to the divergence of bryophytes. The HAM family was duplicated in a common ancestor of angiosperms, leading to two distinct groups: type I and type II. Type-II HAM members are widely present in angiosperms, whereas type-I HAM members were independently lost in different orders of monocots. Furthermore, HAM members from angiosperms and non-angiosperms (including bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns and gymnosperms) are able to replace the role of the type-II HAM genes in Arabidopsis, maintaining established SAMs and promoting the initiation of new stem cell niches. Our results uncover the conserved functions of HAM family members and reveal the conserved regulatory mechanisms underlying HAM expression patterning in meristems, providing insight into the evolution of key stem cell regulators in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Geng
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Han Han
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jo Ann Banks
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jennifer H Wisecaver
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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20
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Hou XL, Chen WQ, Hou Y, Gong HQ, Sun J, Wang Z, Zhao H, Cao X, Song XF, Liu CM. DEAD-BOX RNA HELICASE 27 regulates microRNA biogenesis, zygote division, and stem cell homeostasis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:66-84. [PMID: 33751089 PMCID: PMC8136522 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
After double fertilization, zygotic embryogenesis initiates a new life cycle, and stem cell homeostasis in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) allows plants to produce new tissues and organs continuously. Here, we report that mutations in DEAD-BOX RNA HELICASE 27 (RH27) affect zygote division and stem cell homeostasis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The strong mutant allele rh27-1 caused a zygote-lethal phenotype, while the weak mutant allele rh27-2 led to minor defects in embryogenesis and severely compromised stem cell homeostasis in the SAM and RAM. RH27 is expressed in embryos from the zygote stage, and in both the SAM and RAM, and RH27 is a nucleus-localized protein. The expression levels of genes related to stem cell homeostasis were elevated in rh27-2 plants, alongside down-regulation of their regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs). Further analyses of rh27-2 plants revealed reduced levels of a large subset of miRNAs and their pri-miRNAs in shoot apices and root tips. In addition, biochemical studies showed that RH27 associates with pri-miRNAs and interacts with miRNA-biogenesis components, including DAWDLE, HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1, and SERRATE. Therefore, we propose that RH27 is a component of the microprocessor complex and is critical for zygote division and stem cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Li Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hua-Qin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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21
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Bhatia S, Kumar H, Mahajan M, Yadav S, Saini P, Yadav S, Sahu SK, Sundaram JK, Yadav RK. A cellular expression map of epidermal and subepidermal cell layer-enriched transcription factor genes integrated with the regulatory network in Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00306. [PMID: 33748654 PMCID: PMC7970154 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional control of gene expression is an exquisitely regulated process in both animals and plants. Transcription factors (TFs) and the regulatory networks that drive the expression of TF genes in epidermal and subepidermal cell layers in Arabidopsis are unexplored. Here, we identified 65 TF genes enriched in the epidermal and subepidermal cell layers of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). To determine the cell type specificity in different stages of Arabidopsis development, we made YFP based transcriptional fusion constructs by taking a 3-kb upstream noncoding region above the translation start site. Here, we report that for ~52% (22/42) TF genes, we detected transcription activity. TF genes derived from epidermis show uniform expression in early embryo development; however, in the late globular stage, their transcription activity is suppressed in the inner cell layers. Expression patterns linked to subepidermal cell layer identity were apparent in the postembryonic development. Potential upstream regulators that could modulate the activity of epidermal and subepidermal cell layer-enriched TF genes were identified using enhanced yeast-one-hybrid (eY1H) assay and validated. This study describes the activation of TF genes in epidermal and subepidermal cell layers in embryonic and postembryonic development of Arabidopsis shoot apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Bhatia
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Monika Mahajan
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Sonal Yadav
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Prince Saini
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Shalini Yadav
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Sangram Keshari Sahu
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Jayesh Kumar Sundaram
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
- Present address:
Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Ram Kishor Yadav
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliPunjabIndia
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22
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Yang W, Cortijo S, Korsbo N, Roszak P, Schiessl K, Gurzadyan A, Wightman R, Jönsson H, Meyerowitz E. Molecular mechanism of cytokinin-activated cell division in Arabidopsis. Science 2021; 371:1350-1355. [PMID: 33632892 PMCID: PMC8166333 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitogens trigger cell division in animals. In plants, cytokinins, a group of phytohormones derived from adenine, stimulate cell proliferation. Cytokinin signaling is initiated by membrane-associated histidine kinase receptors and transduced through a phosphorelay system. We show that in the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem (SAM), cytokinin regulates cell division by promoting nuclear shuttling of Myb-domain protein 3R4 (MYB3R4), a transcription factor that activates mitotic gene expression. Newly synthesized MYB3R4 protein resides predominantly in the cytoplasm. At the G2-to-M transition, rapid nuclear accumulation of MYB3R4-consistent with an associated transient peak in cytokinin concentration-feeds a positive feedback loop involving importins and initiates a transcriptional cascade that drives mitosis and cytokinesis. An engineered nuclear-restricted MYB3R4 mimics the cytokinin effects of enhanced cell proliferation and meristem growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Yang
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Sandra Cortijo
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Niklas Korsbo
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Pawel Roszak
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Katharina Schiessl
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Aram Gurzadyan
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Raymond Wightman
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Henrik Jönsson
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK. .,Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK.,Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, SE22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elliot Meyerowitz
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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23
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Geng Y, Zhou Y. HAM Gene Family and Shoot Meristem Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:800332. [PMID: 34987539 PMCID: PMC8720772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.800332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Land plants develop highly diversified shoot architectures, all of which are derived from the pluripotent stem cells in shoot apical meristems (SAMs). As sustainable resources for continuous organ formation in the aboveground tissues, SAMs play an important role in determining plant yield and biomass production. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding one group of key regulators - the HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) family GRAS domain proteins - in shoot meristems. We highlight the functions of HAM family members in dictating shoot stem cell initiation and proliferation, the signaling cascade that shapes HAM expression domains in shoot meristems, and the conservation and diversification of HAM family members in land plants. We also discuss future directions that potentially lead to a more comprehensive view of the HAM gene family and stem cell homeostasis in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Geng
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Yun Zhou,
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24
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Fuchs M, Lohmann JU. Aiming for the top: non-cell autonomous control of shoot stem cells in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:297-309. [PMID: 32146616 PMCID: PMC7214502 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, not all cells are created equal. Instead, organismal complexity is achieved by specialisation and division of labour between distinct cell types. Therefore, the organism depends on the presence, correct proportion and function of all cell types. It follows that early development is geared towards setting up the basic body plan and to specify cell lineages. Since plants employ a post-embryonic mode of development, the continuous growth and addition of new organs require a source of new cells, as well as a strict regulation of cellular composition throughout the entire life-cycle. To meet these demands, evolution has brought about complex regulatory systems to maintain and control continuously active stem cell systems. Here, we review recent work on the mechanisms of non cell-autonomous control of shoot stem cells in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana with a strong focus on the cell-to-cell mobility and function of the WUSCHEL homeodomain transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fuchs
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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A signal cascade originated from epidermis defines apical-basal patterning of Arabidopsis shoot apical meristems. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1214. [PMID: 32139673 PMCID: PMC7058014 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, a long-standing question is how spatial patterns of distinct cell types are initiated and maintained during continuous cell division and proliferation. Along the vertical axis of plant shoot apical meristems (SAMs), stem cells are located at the top while cells specifying the stem cells are located more basally, forming a robust apical-basal pattern. We previously found that in Arabidopsis SAMs, the HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) family transcription factors form a concentration gradient from the epidermis to the interior cell layers, and this gradient is essential for the stem cell specification and the apical-basal patterning of the SAMs. Here, we uncover that epidermis specific transcription factors, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MERISTEM LAYER 1 (ATML1) and its close homolog, define the concentration gradient of HAM in the SAM through activating a group of microRNAs. This study provides a molecular framework linking the epidermis-derived signal to the stem cell homeostasis in plants. A concentration gradient of HAM transcription factors specifies apical-basal patterning in the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem. Here, the authors show that epidermal expression of the ATML1 transcription factor defines this concentration gradient via activation of mobile micro RNA.
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26
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Han H, Liu X, Zhou Y. Transcriptional circuits in control of shoot stem cell homeostasis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 53:50-56. [PMID: 31766002 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant shoot apical meristems (SAMs) play essential roles in plant growth and development. Located at the growing tip of a plant stem, these dome-like structures contain stem cells, which serve to perpetuate themselves in an undifferentiated state while continually adding new cells that differentiate and eventually form all above-ground tissues. In a SAM, the pool of stem cells is dynamically maintained through a balance between cell division (self-renewal) and differentiation (loss of stem-cell identity). In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, a negative feedback loop between WUSCHEL (WUS) and the CLAVATA3 (CLV3) plays important roles in maintaining the stem cell population. In this review, we highlight recent findings mainly from studies in Arabidopsis, and summarize the research progress on understanding how multiple transcriptional circuits integrate and function at different cell layers to control the WUS-CLV3 loop and stem cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Xing Liu
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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27
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Escamez S, André D, Sztojka B, Bollhöner B, Hall H, Berthet B, Voß U, Lers A, Maizel A, Andersson M, Bennett M, Tuominen H. Cell Death in Cells Overlying Lateral Root Primordia Facilitates Organ Growth in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2020; 30:455-464.e7. [PMID: 31956028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant organ growth is widely accepted to be determined by cell division and cell expansion, but, unlike that in animals, the contribution of cell elimination has rarely been recognized. We investigated this paradigm during Arabidopsis lateral root formation, when the lateral root primordia (LRP) must traverse three overlying cell layers within the parent root. A subset of LRP-overlying cells displayed the induction of marker genes for cell types undergoing developmental cell death, and their cell death was detected by electron, confocal, and light sheet microscopy techniques. LRP growth was delayed in cell-death-deficient mutants lacking the positive cell death regulator ORESARA1/ANAC092 (ORE1). LRP growth was restored in ore1-2 knockout plants by genetically inducing cell elimination in cells overlying the LRP or by physically killing LRP-overlying cells by ablation with optical tweezers. Our results support that, in addition to previously discovered mechanisms, cell elimination contributes to regulating lateral root emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Escamez
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Domenique André
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernadette Sztojka
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Bollhöner
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hardy Hall
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Béatrice Berthet
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Voß
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 SRD, UK
| | - Amnon Lers
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Alexis Maizel
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Malcolm Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 SRD, UK
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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28
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Han H, Geng Y, Guo L, Yan A, Meyerowitz EM, Liu X, Zhou Y. The Overlapping and Distinct Roles of HAM Family Genes in Arabidopsis Shoot Meristems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:541968. [PMID: 33013964 PMCID: PMC7498855 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.541968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis shoot apical meristems (SAMs), a well-characterized regulatory loop between WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) maintains stem cell homeostasis by regulating the balance between cell proliferation and cell differentiation. WUS proteins, translated in deep cell layers, move into the overlaying stem cells to activate CLV3. The secreted peptide CLV3 then regulates WUS levels through a ligand-receptor mediated signaling cascade. CLV3 is specifically expressed in the stem cells and repressed in the deep cell layers despite presence of the WUS activator, forming an apical-basal polarity along the axis of the SAM. Previously, we proposed and validated a hypothesis that the HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) family genes regulate this polarity, keeping the expression of CLV3 off in interior cells of the SAM. However, the specific role of each individual member of the HAM family in this process remains to be elucidated. Combining live imaging and molecular genetics, we have dissected the conserved and distinct functions of different HAM family members in control of CLV3 patterning in the SAMs and in the de novo shoot stem cell niches as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Yuan Geng
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - An Yan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Elliot M. Meyerowitz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Xing Liu
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Yun Zhou,
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29
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Schoen DJ, Schultz ST. Somatic Mutation and Evolution in Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations are common in plants, and they may accumulate and be passed on to gametes. The determinants of somatic mutation accumulation include the intraorganismal selective effect of mutations, the number of cell divisions that separate the zygote from the formation of gametes, and shoot apical meristem structure and branching. Somatic mutations can promote the evolution of diploidy, polyploidy, sexual recombination, outcrossing, clonality, and separate sexes, and they may contribute genetic variability in many other traits. The amplification of beneficial mutations via intraorganismal selection may relax selection to reduce the genomic mutation rate or to protect the germline in plants. The total rate of somatic mutation, the distribution of selective effects and fates in the plant body, and the degree to which the germline is sheltered from somatic mutations are still poorly understood. Our knowledge can be improved through empirical estimates of mutation rates and effects on cell lineages and whole organisms, such as estimates of the reduction in fitness of progeny produced by within- versus between-flower crosses on the same plant, mutation coalescent studies within the canopy, and incorporation of somatic mutation into theoretical models of plant evolutionary genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Schoen
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Stewart T. Schultz
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy, and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
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30
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Bassel GW. Multicellular Systems Biology: Quantifying Cellular Patterning and Function in Plant Organs Using Network Science. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:731-742. [PMID: 30794885 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ function is at least partially shaped and constrained by the organization of their constituent cells. Extensive investigation has revealed mechanisms explaining how these patterns are generated, with less being known about their functional relevance. In this paper, a methodology to discretize and quantitatively analyze cellular patterning is described. By performing global organ-scale cellular interaction mapping, the organization of cells can be extracted and analyzed using network science. This provides a means to take the developmental analysis of cellular organization in complex organisms beyond qualitative descriptions and provides data-driven approaches to inferring cellular function. The bridging of a structure-function relationship in hypocotyl epidermal cell patterning through global topological analysis provides support for this approach. The analysis of cellular topologies from patterning mutants further enables the contribution of gene activity toward the organizational properties of tissues to be linked, bridging molecular and tissue scales. This systems-based approach to investigate multicellular complexity paves the way to uncovering the principles of complex organ design and achieving predictive genotype-phenotype mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Bassel
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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31
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Jackson MDB, Duran-Nebreda S, Kierzkowski D, Strauss S, Xu H, Landrein B, Hamant O, Smith RS, Johnston IG, Bassel GW. Global Topological Order Emerges through Local Mechanical Control of Cell Divisions in the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem. Cell Syst 2019; 8:53-65.e3. [PMID: 30660611 PMCID: PMC6345583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The control of cell position and division act in concert to dictate multicellular organization in tissues and organs. How these processes shape global order and molecular movement across organs is an outstanding problem in biology. Using live 3D imaging and computational analyses, we extracted networks capturing cellular connectivity dynamics across the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem (SAM) and topologically analyzed the local and global properties of cellular architecture. Locally generated cell division rules lead to the emergence of global tissue-scale organization of the SAM, facilitating robust global communication. Cells that lie upon more shorter paths have an increased propensity to divide, with division plane placement acting to limit the number of shortest paths their daughter cells lie upon. Cell shape heterogeneity and global cellular organization requires KATANIN, providing a multiscale link between cell geometry, mechanical cell-cell interactions, and global tissue order.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Kierzkowski
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany; Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Science Research Institute, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Soeren Strauss
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Benoit Landrein
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Reproduction de développement des plantes, INRA, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 07 69364, France
| | - Olivier Hamant
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Reproduction de développement des plantes, INRA, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 07 69364, France
| | - Richard S Smith
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Iain G Johnston
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - George W Bassel
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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32
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Chao Q, Gao Z, Zhang D, Zhao B, Dong F, Fu C, Liu L, Wang B. The developmental dynamics of the Populus stem transcriptome. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:206-219. [PMID: 29851301 PMCID: PMC6330540 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Populus shoot undergoes primary growth (longitudinal growth) followed by secondary growth (radial growth), which produces biomass that is an important source of energy worldwide. We adopted joint PacBio Iso-Seq and RNA-seq analysis to identify differentially expressed transcripts along a developmental gradient from the shoot apex to the fifth internode of Populus Nanlin895. We obtained 87 150 full-length transcripts, including 2081 new isoforms and 62 058 new alternatively spliced isoforms, most of which were produced by intron retention, that were used to update the Populus annotation. Among these novel isoforms, there are 1187 long non-coding RNAs and 356 fusion genes. Using this annotation, we found 15 838 differentially expressed transcripts along the shoot developmental gradient, of which 1216 were transcription factors (TFs). Only a few of these genes were reported previously. The differential expression of these TFs suggests that they may play important roles in primary and secondary growth. AP2, ARF, YABBY and GRF TFs are highly expressed in the apex, whereas NAC, bZIP, PLATZ and HSF TFs are likely to be important for secondary growth. Overall, our findings provide evidence that long-read sequencing can complement short-read sequencing for cataloguing and quantifying eukaryotic transcripts and increase our understanding of the vital and dynamic process of shoot development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chao
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyPhotosynthesis Research CenterInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhi‐Fang Gao
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyPhotosynthesis Research CenterInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dong Zhang
- Biomarker Technologies CorporationBeijingChina
| | - Biligen‐Gaowa Zhao
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyPhotosynthesis Research CenterInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Feng‐Qin Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chun‐Xiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Li‐Jun Liu
- College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai‐AnShandongChina
| | - Bai‐Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyPhotosynthesis Research CenterInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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33
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Lazzaro MD, Wu S, Snouffer A, Wang Y, van der Knaap E. Plant Organ Shapes Are Regulated by Protein Interactions and Associations With Microtubules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1766. [PMID: 30619384 PMCID: PMC6300067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant organ shape is determined by the spatial-temporal expression of genes that control the direction and rate of cell division and expansion, as well as the mechanical constraints provided by the rigid cell walls and surrounding cells. Despite the importance of organ morphology during the plant life cycle, the interplay of patterning genes with these mechanical constraints and the cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Shapes of harvestable plant organs such as fruits, leaves, seeds and tubers vary dramatically among, and within crop plants. Years of selection have led to the accumulation of mutations in genes regulating organ shapes, allowing us to identify new genetic and molecular components controlling morphology as well as the interactions among the proteins. Using tomato as a model, we discuss the interaction of Ovate Family Proteins (OFPs) with a subset of TONNEAU1-recruiting motif family of proteins (TRMs) as a part of the protein network that appears to be required for interactions with the microtubules leading to coordinated multicellular growth in plants. In addition, SUN and other members of the IQD family also exert their effects on organ shape by interacting with microtubules. In this review, we aim to illuminate the probable mechanistic aspects of organ growth mediated by OFP-TRM and SUN/IQD via their interactions with the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Lazzaro
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Shan Wu
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ashley Snouffer
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yanping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Bassel GW. Information Processing and Distributed Computation in Plant Organs. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:994-1005. [PMID: 30219546 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular networks plant cells evolved to tune their development in response to the environment are becoming increasingly well understood. Much less is known about how these programs function in the multicellular context of organs and the impact this spatial embedding has on emergent decision-making. Here I address these questions and investigate whether the computational control principles identified in engineered information processing systems also apply to plant development. Examples of distributed computing underlying plant development are presented and support the presence of shared mechanisms of information processing across these domains. The coinvestigation of computation across plant biology and computer science can provide novel insight into the principles of plant development and suggest novel algorithms for use in distributed computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Bassel
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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35
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Hofhuis HF, Heidstra R. Transcription factor dosage: more or less sufficient for growth. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:50-58. [PMID: 29852330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings highlight three instances in which major aspects of plant development are controlled by dosage-dependent protein levels. In the shoot apical meristem the mobile transcription factor WUS displays an intricate function with respect to target regulation that involves WUS dosage, binding site affinity and protein dimerization. The size of the root meristem is controlled by dosage-dependent PLT protein activity. Recent identification of targets and feedbacks provide new insights and entry into possible mechanisms of dosage read-out. Finally, HD-ZIPIII dosage, enforced by a gradient of mobile miRNAs, presents a relatively unexplored case in the radial patterning of vasculature and ground tissue. We evaluate our current knowledge of these three examples and address molecular mechanisms of dosage translation where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F Hofhuis
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University Research, Netherlands
| | - Renze Heidstra
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University Research, Netherlands.
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Zhou Y, Yan A, Han H, Li T, Geng Y, Liu X, Meyerowitz EM. HAIRY MERISTEM with WUSCHEL confines CLAVATA3 expression to the outer apical meristem layers. Science 2018; 361:502-506. [PMID: 30072538 PMCID: PMC6095697 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar8638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The control of the location and activity of stem cells depends on spatial regulation of gene activities in the stem cell niche. Using computational and experimental approaches, we have tested and found support for a hypothesis for gene interactions that specify the Arabidopsis apical stem cell population. The hypothesis explains how the WUSCHEL gene product, synthesized basally in the meristem, induces CLAVATA3-expressing stem cells in the meristem apex but, paradoxically, not in the basal domain where WUSCHEL itself is expressed. The answer involves the activity of the small family of HAIRY MERISTEM genes, which prevent the activation of CLAVATA3 and which are expressed basally in the shoot meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - An Yan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Han Han
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ting Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuan Geng
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elliot M Meyerowitz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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37
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Filyushin MA, Slugina MA, Shchennikova AV, Kochieva EZ. Identification and Expression Analysis of the YABBY1 Gene in Wild Tomato Species. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418050022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Shchennikova AV, Slugina MA, Beletsky AV, Filyushin MA, Mardanov AA, Shulga OA, Kochieva EZ, Ravin NV, Skryabin KG. The YABBY Genes of Leaf and Leaf-Like Organ Polarity in Leafless Plant Monotropa hypopitys. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:7203469. [PMID: 29850475 PMCID: PMC5941816 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7203469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monotropa hypopitys is a mycoheterotrophic, nonphotosynthetic plant acquiring nutrients from the roots of autotrophic trees through mycorrhizal symbiosis, and, similar to other extant plants, forming asymmetrical lateral organs during development. The members of the YABBY family of transcription factors are important players in the establishment of leaf and leaf-like organ polarity in plants. This is the first report on the identification of YABBY genes in a mycoheterotrophic plant devoid of aboveground vegetative organs. Seven M. hypopitys YABBY members were identified and classified into four clades. By structural analysis of putative encoded proteins, we confirmed the presence of YABBY-defining conserved domains and identified novel clade-specific motifs. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses of different tissues revealed MhyYABBY transcriptional patterns, which were similar to those of orthologous YABBY genes from other angiosperms. These data should contribute to the understanding of the role of the YABBY genes in the regulation of developmental and physiological processes in achlorophyllous leafless plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Shchennikova
- Federal State Institution “Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Marya A. Slugina
- Federal State Institution “Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Beletsky
- Federal State Institution “Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Filyushin
- Federal State Institution “Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Mardanov
- Federal State Institution “Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Olga A. Shulga
- Federal State Institution “Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Elena Z. Kochieva
- Federal State Institution “Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay V. Ravin
- Federal State Institution “Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Konstantin G. Skryabin
- Federal State Institution “Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Kimura Y, Tasaka M, Torii KU, Uchida N. ERECTA-family genes coordinate stem cell functions between the epidermal and internal layers of the shoot apical meristem. Development 2018; 145:dev.156380. [PMID: 29217754 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal cell layer and the tissues that lie underneath have different intrinsic functions during plant development. The stem cells within the shoot apical meristem (SAM) that give rise to aerial structures are located in the epidermal and internal tissue layers. However, our understanding of how the functions of these stem cells are coordinated across tissue layers so stem cells can behave as a single population remains limited. WUSCHEL (WUS) functions as a master regulator of stem cell activity. Here, we show that loss of function in the ERECTA (ER)-family receptor kinase genes can rescue the mutant phenotype of wus plants (loss of stem cells), as demonstrated by the reinstated expression of a stem cell marker gene in the SAM epidermis. Localized ER expression in the epidermis can suppress the SAM phenotype caused by loss of ER-family activity. Furthermore, the CLAVATA3- and cytokinin-induced outputs, which contribute to stem cell homeostasis, are dysfunctional in a tissue layer-specific manner in ER-family mutants. Collectively, our findings suggest that the ER family plays a role in the coordination of stem cell behavior between different SAM tissue layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kimura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masao Tasaka
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan .,Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan .,Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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40
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Seo JK, Kim MK, Kwak HR, Choi HS, Nam M, Choe J, Choi B, Han SJ, Kang JH, Jung C. Molecular dissection of distinct symptoms induced by tomato chlorosis virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus based on comparative transcriptome analysis. Virology 2018; 516:1-20. [PMID: 29316505 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The viral infection of plants may cause various physiological symptoms associated with the reprogramming of plant gene expression. However, the molecular mechanisms and associated genes underlying disease symptom development in plants infected with viruses are largely unknown. In this study, we employed RNA sequencing for in-depth molecular characterization of the transcriptional changes associated with the development of distinct symptoms induced by tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in tomato. Comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that ToCV and TYLCV induced distinct transcriptional changes in tomato and resulted in the identification of important genes responsible for the development of symptoms of ToCV (i.e., chlorosis and anthocyanin accumulation) and TYLCV (i.e., yellowing, stunted growth, and leaf curl). Our comprehensive transcriptome analysis can provide molecular strategies to reduce the severity of disease symptoms as well as new insights for the development of virus-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Kyun Seo
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyeong Kim
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryun Kwak
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Soo Choi
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Nam
- SEEDERS Inc., Daejeon 34015, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Boram Choi
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Han
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kang
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Choonkyun Jung
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Yang W, Wightman R, Meyerowitz EM. Cell Cycle Control by Nuclear Sequestration of CDC20 and CDH1 mRNA in Plant Stem Cells. Mol Cell 2017; 68:1108-1119.e3. [PMID: 29225038 PMCID: PMC6013263 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, most RNA molecules are exported into the cytoplasm after transcription. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) reside and function primarily inside the nucleus, but nuclear localization of mRNAs has been considered rare in both animals and plants. Here we show that Arabidopsis anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) coactivator genes CDC20 and CCS52B (CDH1 ortholog) are co-expressed with their target cyclin B genes (CYCBs) during mitosis. CYCB transcripts can be exported and translated; however, CDC20 and CCS52B mRNAs are confined to the nucleus at prophase, and the cognate proteins are not translated until the redistribution of the mRNAs to the cytoplasm after nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) at prometaphase. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) plays dual roles in CDC20 mRNA nuclear localization and translation. Mitotic accumulation of CDC20 and CCS52B transcripts enables the timely and rapid activation of APC/C, while the nuclear sequestration of these transcripts at prophase appears to protect cyclins from precocious degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Yang
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Raymond Wightman
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Elliot M Meyerowitz
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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42
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Linardić M, Braybrook SA. Towards an understanding of spiral patterning in the Sargassum muticum shoot apex. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13887. [PMID: 29066850 PMCID: PMC5654765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants and parenchymatous brown algae the body arises through the activity of an apical meristem (a niche of cells or a single cell). The meristem produces lateral organs in specific patterns, referred to as phyllotaxis. In plants, two different control mechanisms have been proposed: one is position-dependent and relies on morphogen accumulation at future organ sites; the other is a lineage-based system which links phyllotaxis to the apical cell division pattern. Here we examine the apical patterning of the brown alga, Sargassum muticum, which exhibits spiral phyllotaxis (137.5° angle) and an unlinked apical cell division pattern. The Sargassum apex presents characteristics of a self-organising system, similar to plant meristems. In contrast to complex plant meristems, we were unable to correlate the plant morphogen auxin with bud positioning in Sargassum, nor could we predict cell wall softening at new bud sites. Our data suggests that in Sargassum muticum there is no connection between phyllotaxis and the apical cell division pattern indicating a position-dependent patterning mechanism may be in place. The underlying mechanisms behind the phyllotactic patterning appear to be distinct from those seen in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Linardić
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Siobhan A Braybrook
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK.
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, 610 Charles E Young Dr East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7239, USA.
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43
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González-Carranza ZH, Zhang X, Peters JL, Boltz V, Szecsi J, Bendahmane M, Roberts JA. HAWAIIAN SKIRT controls size and floral organ number by modulating CUC1 and CUC2 expression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185106. [PMID: 28934292 PMCID: PMC5608315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana F-box gene HAWAIIAN SKIRT (HWS) affects organ growth and the timing of floral organ abscission. The loss-of-function hws-1 mutant exhibits fused sepals and increased organ size. To understand the molecular mechanisms of HWS during plant development, we mutagenized hws-1 seeds with ethylmethylsulphonate (EMS) and screened for mutations suppressing hws-1 associated phenotypes. We isolated the shs1/hws-1 (suppressor of hws-1) mutant in which hws-1 sepal fusion phenotype was suppressed. The shs1/hws-1 mutant carries a G→A nucleotide substitution in the MIR164 binding site of CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 (CUC1) mRNA. CUC1 and CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2 (CUC2) transcript levels were altered in shs1, renamed cuc1-1D, and in hws-1 mutant. Genetic interaction analyses using single, double and triple mutants of cuc1-1D, cuc2-1D (a CUC2 mutant similar to cuc1-1D), and hws-1, demonstrate that HWS, CUC1 and CUC2 act together to control floral organ number. Loss of function of HWS is associated with larger petal size due to alterations in cell proliferation and mitotic growth, a role shared with the CUC1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinnia H. González-Carranza
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Janny L. Peters
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Boltz
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univesité de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Judit Szecsi
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univesité de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mohammed Bendahmane
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univesité de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremy A. Roberts
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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45
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PhCESA3 silencing inhibits elongation and stimulates radial expansion in petunia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41471. [PMID: 28150693 PMCID: PMC5288708 DOI: 10.1038/srep41471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (CESAs) play important roles in plant growth, development and disease resistance. Previous studies have shown an essential role of Arabidopsis thaliana CESA3 in plant growth. However, little is known about the role of CESA3 in species other than A. thaliana. To gain a better understanding of CESA3, the petunia (Petunia hybrida) PhCESA3 gene was isolated, and the role of PhCESA3 in plant growth was analyzed in a wide range of plants. PhCESA3 mRNA was present at varying levels in tissues examined. VIGS-mediated PhCESA3 silencing resulted in dwarfing of plant height, which was consistent with the phenotype of the A. thaliana rsw1 mutant (a temperature-sensitive allele of AtCESA1), the A. thaliana cev1 mutant (the AtCESA3 mild mutant), and the antisense AtCESA3 line. However, PhCESA3 silencing led to swollen stems, pedicels, filaments, styles and epidermal hairs as well as thickened leaves and corollas, which were not observed in the A. thaliana cev1 mutant, the rsw1 mutant and the antisense AtCESA3 line. Further micrographs showed that PhCESA3 silencing reduced the length and increased the width of cells, suggesting that PhCESA3 silencing inhibits elongation and stimulates radial expansion in petunia.
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46
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Hablak SG. Features of inheritance of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. root system: Interaction of genes CTR1 and ALF3, NPH4, and IAR2. CYTOL GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s009545271701008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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de Jonge J, Kodde J, Severing EI, Bonnema G, Angenent GC, Immink RGH, Groot SPC. Low Temperature Affects Stem Cell Maintenance in Brassica oleracea Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:800. [PMID: 27375654 PMCID: PMC4896912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Most of the above ground tissues in higher plants originate from stem cells located in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Several plant species can suffer from spontaneous stem cell arrest resulting in lack of further shoot development. In Brassica oleracea this SAM arrest is known as blindness and occurs in an unpredictable manner leading to considerable economic losses for plant raisers and farmers. Detailed analyses of seedlings showed that stem cell arrest is triggered by low temperatures during germination. To induce this arrest reproducibly and to study the effect of the environment, an assay was developed. The role of genetic variation on the susceptibility to develop blind seedlings was analyzed by a quantitative genetic mapping approach, using seeds from a double haploid population from a cross between broccoli and Chinese kale, produced at three locations. The analysis revealed, besides an effect of the seed production location, a region on linkage group C3 associated with blindness sensitivity. A subsequent dynamic genome-wide transcriptome analysis resulted in the identification of around 3000 differentially expressed genes early after blindness induction. A large number of cell cycle genes were en masse induced early during the development of blindness, whereas shortly after, all were down-regulated. This miss-regulation of core cell cycle genes is accompanied with a strong reduction of cells reaching the DNA replication phase. From the differentially expressed genes, 90 were located in the QTL region C3. Among them are two genes belonging to the MINICHROMOSOMAL MAINTENANCE gene family, known to be involved in DNA replication, a RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED gene, a key regulator for cell cycle initiation, and several MutS homologs genes, involved in DNA repair. These genes are potential candidates for being involved in the development of blindness in Brassica oleracea sensitive genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer de Jonge
- Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research CenterWageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research CenterWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Kodde
- Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research CenterWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Edouard I. Severing
- Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research CenterWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Guusje Bonnema
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research CenterWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerco C. Angenent
- Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research CenterWageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research CenterWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Richard G. H. Immink
- Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research CenterWageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research CenterWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Steven P. C. Groot
- Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research CenterWageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Steven P. C. Groot,
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Mack JLK, Davis AR. The relationship between cell division and elongation during development of the nectar-yielding petal spur in Centranthus ruber (Valerianaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:641-9. [PMID: 25725007 PMCID: PMC4343294 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Floral spurs are hollow, tubular outgrowths that typically conceal nectar. By their involvement in specialized pollinator interactions, spurs have ecological and evolutionary significance, often leading to speciation. Despite their importance and diversity in shape and size among angiosperm taxa, detailed investigations of the mechanism of spur development have been conducted only recently. METHODS Initiation and growth of the nectar-yielding petal spur of Centranthus ruber 'Snowcloud' was investigated throughout seven stages, based on bud size and developmental events. The determination of the frequency of cell division, quantified for the first time in spurs, was conducted by confocal microscopy following 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of mitotic figures. Moreover, using scanning electron microscospy of the outer petal spur surface unobstructed by trichomes, morphometry of epidermal cells was determined throughout development in order to understand the ontogeny of this elongate, hollow tube. KEY RESULTS Spur growth from the corolla base initially included diffuse cell divisions identified among epidermal cells as the spur progressed through its early stages. However, cell divisions clearly diminished before a petal spur attained 30 % of its final length of 4·5 mm. Thereafter until anthesis, elongation of individual cells was primarily responsible for the spur's own extension. Consequently, a prolonged period of anisotropy, wherein epidermal cells elongated almost uniformly in all regions along the petal spur's longitudinal axis, contributed principally to the spur's mature length. CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrates that anisotropic growth of epidermal cells - in the same orientation as spur elongation - chiefly explains petal spur extension in C. ruber. Representing the inaugural investigation of the cellular basis for spur ontogeny within the Euasterids II clade, this study complements the patterns in Aquilegia species (order Ranunculales, Eudicots) and Linaria vulgaris (order Lamiales, Euasterids I), thereby suggesting the existence of a common underlying mechanism for petal spur ontogeny in disparate dicot lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie-Lee K Mack
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Arthur R Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
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Zhou Y, Liu X, Engstrom EM, Nimchuk ZL, Pruneda-Paz JL, Tarr PT, Yan A, Kay SA, Meyerowitz EM. Control of plant stem cell function by conserved interacting transcriptional regulators. Nature 2015; 517:377-80. [PMID: 25363783 PMCID: PMC4297503 DOI: 10.1038/nature13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plant stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem are necessary for postembryonic development of aboveground tissues and roots, respectively, while secondary vascular stem cells sustain vascular development. WUSCHEL (WUS), a homeodomain transcription factor expressed in the rib meristem of the Arabidopsis SAM, is a key regulatory factor controlling SAM stem cell populations, and is thought to establish the shoot stem cell niche through a feedback circuit involving the CLAVATA3 (CLV3) peptide signalling pathway. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5), which is specifically expressed in the root quiescent centre, defines quiescent centre identity and functions interchangeably with WUS in the control of shoot and root stem cell niches. WOX4, expressed in Arabidopsis procambial cells, defines the vascular stem cell niche. WUS/WOX family proteins are evolutionarily and functionally conserved throughout the plant kingdom and emerge as key actors in the specification and maintenance of stem cells within all meristems. However, the nature of the genetic regime in stem cell niches that centre on WOX gene function has been elusive, and molecular links underlying conserved WUS/WOX function in stem cell niches remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) family of transcription regulators act as conserved interacting cofactors with WUS/WOX proteins. HAM and WUS share common targets in vivo and their physical interaction is important in driving downstream transcriptional programs and in promoting shoot stem cell proliferation. Differences in the overlapping expression patterns of WOX and HAM family members underlie the formation of diverse stem cell niche locations, and the HAM family is essential for all of these stem cell niches. These findings establish a new framework for the control of stem cell production during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Xing Liu
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Eric M. Engstrom
- Biology Department, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187–8795, United States
| | - Zachary L. Nimchuk
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Jose L. Pruneda-Paz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paul T. Tarr
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - An Yan
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Steve A. Kay
- University of Southern California, Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Elliot M. Meyerowitz
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
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50
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Ferjani A, Hanai K, Gunji S, Maeda S, Sawa S, Tsukaya H. Balanced cell proliferation and expansion is essential for flowering stem growth control. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e992755. [PMID: 25831425 PMCID: PMC4622685 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.992755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The postembryonic development of aboveground plant organs relies on a continuous supply of cells from the shoot apical meristem. Previous studies of developmental regulation in leaves and flowers have revealed the crucial role of coordinated cell proliferation and differentiation during organogenesis. However, the importance of this coordination has not been examined in flowering stems. Very recently, we attempted to identify regulatory factors that maintain flowering stem integrity. We found that the increased cell number in clavata (clv) mutants and the decreased cell size in de-etiolated (det)3-1 resulted in flowering stems that were thicker and thinner, respectively, than in wild-type (WT) plants. Interestingly, in the cell proliferation- and cell expansion-defective double mutant clv det3-1, the flowering stems often exhibited severe cracking, resulting in exposure of their inner tissues. In this study, further quantification of the cellular phenotypes in the cotyledons and leaves revealed no differences between det3-1 and clv3 det3-1. Together, the above findings suggest that the clv3 mutation in a det3-1 background primarily affects flowering stems, while its effect on other organs is likely negligible. We propose that the coordination between cell proliferation and differentiation is not only important during leaf development, but also plays a role in the growth control of Arabidopsis flowering stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology; Tokyo Gakugei University; Koganei-shi; Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence to: Ali Ferjani;
| | - Kenya Hanai
- Department of Biology; Tokyo Gakugei University; Koganei-shi; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuka Gunji
- Department of Biology; Tokyo Gakugei University; Koganei-shi; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Maeda
- Department of Biology; Tokyo Gakugei University; Koganei-shi; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Kumamoto University; Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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