1
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Yang L, Liu D, Jiang S, Li H, Chen L, Wu Y, Essien AE, Opoku M, Naranmandakh S, Liu S, Ru Q, Li Y. SIRT1 signaling pathways in sarcopenia: Novel mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116917. [PMID: 38908209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an aging-related skeletal disease characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and physical function, severely affecting the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly population. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), as a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylases, has been reported to participate in various aging-related signaling pathways and exert protective effect on many human diseases. SIRT1 functioned as an important role in the occurrence and progression of sarcopenia through regulating key pathways related to protein homeostasis, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance and autophagy in skeletal muscle, including SIRT1/Forkhead Box O (FoxO), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/SIRT1/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), SIRT1/p53, AMPK/SIRT1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and SIRT1/live kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMPK pathways. However, the specific mechanisms of these processes have not been fully illuminated. Currently, several SIRT1-mediated interventions on sarcopenia have been preliminarily developed, such as SIRT1 activator polyphenolic compounds, exercising and calorie restriction. In this review, we summarized the predominant mechanisms of SIRT1 involved in sarcopenia and therapeutic modalities targeting the SIRT1 signaling pathways for the prevention and prognosis of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luning Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shide Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Hengzhen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Anko Elijah Essien
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Michael Opoku
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shinen Naranmandakh
- Department of chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia
| | - ShuGuang Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qin Ru
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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2
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Oppedisano F, Nesci S, Spagnoletta A. Mitochondrial sirtuin 3 and role of natural compounds: the effect of post-translational modifications on cellular metabolism. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38993040 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2024.2377094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of proteins with enzymatic activity. In particular, they are a family of class III NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases. NAD+-dependent deac(et)ylase activities catalyzed by sirtuin include ac(et)ylation, propionylation, butyrylation, crotonylation, manylation, and succinylation. Specifically, human SIRT3 is a 399 amino acid protein with two functional domains: a large Rossmann folding motif and NAD+ binding, and a small complex helix and zinc-binding motif. SIRT3 is widely expressed in mitochondria-rich tissues and is involved in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, homeostasis, and function. Moreover, SIRT3 regulates related diseases, such as aging, hepatic, kidney, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disease, metabolic diseases, and cancer development. In particular, one of the most significant and damaging post-translational modifications is irreversible protein oxidation, i.e. carbonylation. This process is induced explicitly by increased ROS production due to mitochondrial dysfunction. SIRT3 is carbonylated by 4-hydroxynonenal at the level of Cys280. The carbonylation induces conformational changes in the active site, resulting in allosteric inhibition of SIRT3 activity and loss of the ability to deacetylate and regulate antioxidant enzyme activity. Phytochemicals and, in particular, polyphenols, thanks to their strong antioxidant activity, are natural compounds with a positive regulatory action on SIRT3 in various pathologies. Indeed, the enzymatic SIRT3 activity is modulated, for example, by different natural polyphenol classes, including resveratrol and the bergamot polyphenolic fraction. Thus, this review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which phytochemicals can interact with SIRT3, resulting in post-translational modifications that regulate cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnoletta
- Laboratory "Regenerative Circular Bioeconomy", ENEA-Trisaia Research Centre, Rotondella, Italy
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3
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang HX. Effect of quercetin on the protein-substrate interactions in SIRT6: Insight from MD simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 130:108778. [PMID: 38652998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
SIRT6 is of interest for its promising effect in the treatment of aging-related diseases. Studies have shown quercetin (QUE) and its derivatives have varying degrees of effect on the catalytic effect of SIRT6. In the research, the effect of QUE on the protein-substrate interaction in the SIRT6-mediated mono-ADP ribosylation system was investigated by conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with MM/PBSA binding free energy calculations. The results show that QUE can bind stably to SIRT6 with the binding energy of -22.8 kcal/mol and further affect the atomic interaction between SIRT6 and NAD+ (or H3K9), resulting in an increased affinity between SIRT6-NAD+ and decreased SIRT6-H3K9 binding capacity. At the same time, the binding of QUE can also alter some structural characteristics of the protein, with large shifts occurring in the residue regions involving the N-terminal (residues 1-27), Rossmann fold regions (residues 55-92), and ZBD (residues 164-179). Thus, QUE shows great potential as a scaffold for the design of novel potent SIRT6 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilong Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Kang TS, Yan YM, Tian Y, Zhang J, Zhang M, Shu Y, Huang J, He J, Tao CT, Zhu Q, Gu J, Lu X, Cheng YX, Zhu WG. YZL-51N functions as a selective inhibitor of SIRT7 by NAD + competition to impede DNA damage repair. iScience 2024; 27:110014. [PMID: 38947512 PMCID: PMC11214487 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT7 is a pivotal regulator of DNA damage response (DDR) and a promising drug target for developing cancer therapeutics. However, limited progress has been made in SIRT7 modulator discovery. Here, we applied peptide-based deacetylase platforms for SIRT7 enzymatic evaluation and successfully identified a potent SIRT7 inhibitor YZL-51N. We initially isolated bioactive YZL-51N from cockroach (Periplaneta americana) extracts and then developed the de novo synthesis of this compound. Further investigation revealed that YZL-51N impaired SIRT7 enzymatic activities through occupation of the NAD+ binding pocket. YZL-51N attenuated DNA damage repair induced by ionizing radiation (IR) in colorectal cancer cells and exhibited a synergistic anticancer effect when used in combination with etoposide. Overall, our study not only identified YZL-51N as a selective SIRT7 inhibitor from insect resources, but also confirmed its potential use in combined chemo-radiotherapy by interfering in the DNA damage repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Shu Kang
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Shu
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinbo Huang
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing He
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cheng-Tian Tao
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinke Gu
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaopeng Lu
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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5
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Jiang C, Chen Z, Liao W, Zhang R, Chen G, Ma L, Yu H. The Medicinal Species of the Lycium Genus (Goji Berries) in East Asia: A Review of Its Effect on Cell Signal Transduction Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1531. [PMID: 38891336 PMCID: PMC11174690 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Natural plants contain numerous chemical compounds that are beneficial to human health. The berries from the Lycium genus are widely consumed and are highly nutritious. Moreover, their chemical constituents have attracted attention for their health-promoting properties. In East Asia, there are three varieties of the Lycium genus (Lycium barbarum L., Lycium chinense Miller, and L. ruthenicum Murray) that possess medicinal value and are commonly used for treating chronic diseases and improving metabolic disorders. These varieties are locally referred to as "red Goji berries" or "black Goji berries" due to their distinct colors, and they differ in their chemical compositions, primarily in terms of carotenoid and anthocyanin content. The pharmacological functions of these berries include anti-aging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-exercise fatigue effects. This review aims to analyze previous and recent studies on the active ingredients and pharmacological activities of these Lycium varieties, elucidating their signaling pathways and assessing their impact on the gut microbiota. Furthermore, the potential prospects for using these active ingredients in the treatment of COVID-19 are evaluated. This review explores the potential targets of these Lycium varieties in the treatment of relevant diseases, highlighting their potential value in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lijuan Ma
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (C.J.); (Z.C.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (G.C.)
| | - Haijie Yu
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (C.J.); (Z.C.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (G.C.)
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6
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Zhang JT, Liu XY, Li Z, Wei XY, Song XY, Cui N, Zhong J, Li H, Jia N. Structural basis for phage-mediated activation and repression of bacterial DSR2 anti-phage defense system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2797. [PMID: 38555355 PMCID: PMC10981675 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) proteins typically catalyze NAD+-dependent protein deacetylation. The recently identified bacterial Sir2 domain-containing protein, defense-associated sirtuin 2 (DSR2), recognizes the phage tail tube and depletes NAD+ to abort phage propagation, which is counteracted by the phage-encoded DSR anti-defense 1 (DSAD1), but their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we determine cryo-EM structures of inactive DSR2 in its apo form, DSR2-DSAD1 and DSR2-DSAD1-NAD+, as well as active DSR2-tube and DSR2-tube-NAD+ complexes. DSR2 forms a tetramer with its C-terminal sensor domains (CTDs) in two distinct conformations: CTDclosed or CTDopen. Monomeric, rather than oligomeric, tail tube proteins preferentially bind to CTDclosed and activate Sir2 for NAD+ hydrolysis. DSAD1 binding to CTDopen allosterically inhibits tube binding and tube-mediated DSR2 activation. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into DSR2 assembly, tube-mediated DSR2 activation, and DSAD1-mediated inhibition and NAD+ substrate catalysis in bacterial DSR2 anti-phage defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuolin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Yang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Yi Song
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning Cui
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jirui Zhong
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Biomedicial Department, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchun Li
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Biomedicial Department, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Bursch KL, Goetz CJ, Smith BC. Current Trends in Sirtuin Activator and Inhibitor Development. Molecules 2024; 29:1185. [PMID: 38474697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases and key metabolic regulators, coupling the cellular energy state with selective lysine deacylation to regulate many downstream cellular processes. Humans encode seven sirtuin isoforms (Sirt1-7) with diverse subcellular localization and deacylase targets. Sirtuins are considered protective anti-aging proteins since increased sirtuin activity is canonically associated with lifespan extension and decreased activity with developing aging-related diseases. However, sirtuins can also assume detrimental cellular roles where increased activity contributes to pathophysiology. Modulation of sirtuin activity by activators and inhibitors thus holds substantial potential for defining the cellular roles of sirtuins in health and disease and developing therapeutics. Instead of being comprehensive, this review discusses the well-characterized sirtuin activators and inhibitors available to date, particularly those with demonstrated selectivity, potency, and cellular activity. This review also provides recommendations regarding the best-in-class sirtuin activators and inhibitors for practical research as sirtuin modulator discovery and refinement evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L Bursch
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Structural Genomics Unit, Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Christopher J Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Structural Genomics Unit, Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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8
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Wu X, Li X, Wang L, Bi X, Zhong W, Yue J, Chin YE. Lysine Deacetylation Is a Key Function of the Lysyl Oxidase Family of Proteins in Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:652-658. [PMID: 38194336 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of proteins carry a copper-dependent monoamine oxidase domain exclusively within the C-terminal region, which catalyzes ε-amine oxidation of lysine residues of various proteins. However, recent studies have demonstrated that in LOX-like (LOXL) 2-4 the C-terminal canonical catalytic domain and N-terminal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) repeats domain exhibit lysine deacetylation and deacetylimination catalytic activities. Moreover, the N-terminal SRCR repeats domain is more catalytically active than the C-terminal oxidase domain. Thus, LOX is the third family of lysine deacetylases in addition to histone deacetylase and sirtuin families. In this review, we discuss how the LOX family targets different cellular proteins for deacetylation and deacetylimination to control the development and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xianxia Bi
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jicheng Yue
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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9
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Tamulaitiene G, Sabonis D, Sasnauskas G, Ruksenaite A, Silanskas A, Avraham C, Ofir G, Sorek R, Zaremba M, Siksnys V. Activation of Thoeris antiviral system via SIR2 effector filament assembly. Nature 2024; 627:431-436. [PMID: 38383786 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
To survive bacteriophage (phage) infections, bacteria developed numerous anti-phage defence systems1-7. Some of them (for example, type III CRISPR-Cas, CBASS, Pycsar and Thoeris) consist of two modules: a sensor responsible for infection recognition and an effector that stops viral replication by destroying key cellular components8-12. In the Thoeris system, a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-domain protein, ThsB, acts as a sensor that synthesizes an isomer of cyclic ADP ribose, 1''-3' glycocyclic ADP ribose (gcADPR), which is bound in the Smf/DprA-LOG (SLOG) domain of the ThsA effector and activates the silent information regulator 2 (SIR2)-domain-mediated hydrolysis of a key cell metabolite, NAD+ (refs. 12-14). Although the structure of ThsA has been solved15, the ThsA activation mechanism remained incompletely understood. Here we show that 1''-3' gcADPR, synthesized in vitro by the dimeric ThsB' protein, binds to the ThsA SLOG domain, thereby activating ThsA by triggering helical filament assembly of ThsA tetramers. The cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of activated ThsA revealed that filament assembly stabilizes the active conformation of the ThsA SIR2 domain, enabling rapid NAD+ depletion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that filament formation enables a switch-like response of ThsA to the 1''-3' gcADPR signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Tamulaitiene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Dziugas Sabonis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedrius Sasnauskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Audrone Ruksenaite
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Silanskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Carmel Avraham
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gal Ofir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rotem Sorek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mindaugas Zaremba
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Virginijus Siksnys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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10
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Liu Y, Wei H, Li J. A review on SIRT3 and its natural small molecule activators as a potential Preventive and therapeutic target. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176155. [PMID: 37914065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) were originally characterized by yeast Sir2 as a lifespan regulator that is conserved in all three structural domains of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes and belong to histone deacetylases consisting of seven members (SIRT1-SIRT7). Surprisingly, SIRTs have been shown to play important regulatory roles in almost all cellular functions, including mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell growth, energy metabolism, neural function, and stress resistance. Among the SIRT members, sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is one of the most important deacetylases that regulates the mitochondrial acetylation and plays a role in pathological processes, such as metabolism, DNA repair, oxidative stress, apoptosis and ferroptosis. Therefore, SIRT3 is considered as a potential target for the treatment of a variety of pathological diseases, including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, age-related diseases and others. Furthermore, the isolation, screening, and development of SIRT3 signaling agonists, especially from natural products, have become a widely investigated objective. This paper describes the structure of SIRT3 protein, discusses the pathological process of SIRT3-mediated acetylation modification, and reviews the role of SIRT3 in diseases, SIRT3 activators and its related disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haidong Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150030, China.
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11
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Shen Z, Lin Q, Yang XY, Fosuah E, Fu TM. Assembly-mediated activation of the SIR2-HerA supramolecular complex for anti-phage defense. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4586-4599.e5. [PMID: 38096827 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
SIR2-HerA, a bacterial two-protein anti-phage defense system, induces bacterial death by depleting NAD+ upon phage infection. Biochemical reconstitution of SIR2, HerA, and the SIR2-HerA complex reveals a dynamic assembly process. Unlike other ATPases, HerA can form various oligomers, ranging from dimers to nonamers. When assembled with SIR2, HerA forms a hexamer and converts SIR2 from a nuclease to an NAD+ hydrolase, representing an unexpected regulatory mechanism mediated by protein assembly. Furthermore, high concentrations of ATP can inhibit NAD+ hydrolysis by the SIR2-HerA complex. Cryo-EM structures of the SIR2-HerA complex reveal a giant supramolecular assembly up to 1 MDa, with SIR2 as a dodecamer and HerA as a hexamer, crucial for anti-phage defense. Unexpectedly, the HerA hexamer resembles a spiral staircase and exhibits helicase activities toward dual-forked DNA. Together, we reveal the supramolecular assembly of SIR2-HerA as a unique mechanism for switching enzymatic activities and bolstering anti-phage defense strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfei Shen
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qingpeng Lin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiao-Yuan Yang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Program of OSBP, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fosuah
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Program of OSBP, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tian-Min Fu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Program of OSBP, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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12
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Tang D, Chen Y, Chen H, Jia T, Chen Q, Yu Y. Multiple enzymatic activities of a Sir2-HerA system cooperate for anti-phage defense. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4600-4613.e6. [PMID: 38096825 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In response to the persistent exposure to phage infection, bacteria have evolved diverse antiviral defense mechanisms. In this study, we report a bacterial two-component defense system consisting of a Sir2 NADase and a HerA helicase. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals that Sir2 and HerA assemble into a ∼1 MDa supramolecular octadecamer. Unexpectedly, this complex exhibits various enzymatic activities, including ATPase, NADase, helicase, and nuclease, which work together in a sophisticated manner to fulfill the antiphage function. Therefore, we name this defense system "Nezha" after a divine warrior in Chinese mythology who employs multiple weapons to defeat enemies. Our findings demonstrate that Nezha could sense phage infections, self-activate to arrest cell growth, eliminate phage genomes, and subsequently deactivate to allow for cell recovery. Collectively, Nezha represents a paradigm of sophisticated and multifaceted strategies bacteria use to defend against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yamei Yu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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13
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Rostamzadeh F, Moosavi-Saeed Y, Yeganeh-Hajahmadi M. Interaction of Klotho and sirtuins. Exp Gerontol 2023; 182:112306. [PMID: 37804921 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this article, we review the articles that have reported the interaction between Klotho and sirtuins. RECENT FINDINGS Sirtuins are a family of histone deacetylase enzymes that are considered to be the main regulators of biological processes. This family is one of the essential factors for postponing aging and increasing the life span of organisms. Sirtuins play a role in regulating the function of various cellular processes such as cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. It has also been shown that various diseases are related to these enzymes. Klotho is an anti-aging protein that exists as a membrane protein as well as a soluble circulating form. The membrane type of this protein acts as a co-receptor of the FGF endocrine family. It has been shown that the Klotho gene is related to age-related diseases, including osteoporosis, coronary artery, brain diseases, diabetes, etc. At the same time, it is difficult to separate the actions of Klotho and endocrine FGFs. Several studies have shown that Klotho and sirtuins interact with each other at different regulatory levels. However, it is necessary to carry out more in-vivo investigations to create new windows towards the treatment or prevention of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rostamzadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yasamin Moosavi-Saeed
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Yeganeh-Hajahmadi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
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14
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Patra S, Praharaj PP, Singh A, Bhutia SK. Targeting SIRT1-regulated autophagic cell death as a novel therapeutic avenue for cancer prevention. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103692. [PMID: 37379905 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cellular localization and deacetylation activity of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has a significant role in cancer regulation. The multifactorial role of SIRT1 in autophagy regulates several cancer-associated cellular phenotypes, aiding cellular survival and cell death induction. SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and associated signaling mediators control carcinogenesis. The hyperactivation of bulk autophagy, disrupted lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis, and excessive mitophagy are key mechanism for SIRT1-mediated autophagic cell death (ACD). In terms of the SIRT1-ACD nexus, identifying SIRT1-activating small molecules and understanding the possible mechanism triggering ACD could be a potential therapeutic avenue for cancer prevention. In this review, we provide an update on the structural and functional intricacy of SIRT1 and SIRT1-mediated autophagy activation as an alternative cell death modality for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Amruta Singh
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India.
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15
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Wu QJ, Zhang TN, Chen HH, Yu XF, Lv JL, Liu YY, Liu YS, Zheng G, Zhao JQ, Wei YF, Guo JY, Liu FH, Chang Q, Zhang YX, Liu CG, Zhao YH. The sirtuin family in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:402. [PMID: 36581622 PMCID: PMC9797940 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotine adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, seven mammalian homologs of yeast Sir2 named SIRT1 to SIRT7 have been identified. Increasing evidence has suggested the vital roles of seven members of the SIRT family in health and disease conditions. Notably, this protein family plays a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, etc., thus, it is considered a potential therapeutic target for different kinds of pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and other conditions. Moreover, identification of SIRT modulators and exploring the functions of these different modulators have prompted increased efforts to discover new small molecules, which can modify SIRT activity. Furthermore, several randomized controlled trials have indicated that different interventions might affect the expression of SIRT protein in human samples, and supplementation of SIRT modulators might have diverse impact on physiological function in different participants. In this review, we introduce the history and structure of the SIRT protein family, discuss the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of seven members of the SIRT protein family, elaborate on the regulatory roles of SIRTs in human disease, summarize SIRT inhibitors and activators, and review related clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jun Wu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Fei Yu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Le Lv
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Yang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Shu Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Qi Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wei
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yi Guo
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cai-Gang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Cancer, Breast Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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16
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Jos S, Aouti S, Unni S, Haridass V, Gogoi H, Deshmukh P, Padmanabhan B, Padavattan S. In silico screening of small molecule modulators and their binding studies against human sirtuin-6 protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10033-10044. [PMID: 34121619 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1938229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin-6 (SIRT6), class III family of deacetylase regulates several biological functions, including transcriptional repression, telomere maintenance, and DNA repair. It is unique among sirtuin family members with diverse enzymatic functions: mono-ADP-ribosylase, deacetylase and defatty-acylase. The studies so far implicated SIRT6 role in lifespan extension, tumor suppression, and is considered as an attractive drug target for aging-related disease. In this study, we have carried out in silico screening for human SIRT6 modulators using NCI Diversity Set III library, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to analyze the protein-ligand interaction, and validated their binding-affinity (Kd) using MicroScale Thermophoresis. This study yielded two novel compounds, ((3Z)-3-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)methylidene)-5-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)furan-2-one and 5-phenyl-2-(5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole showing high-affinity interaction for SIRT6. The structural analysis from MD simulation suggests both compounds might act as substrate-analogs or mimic the nicotinamide binding. On considering the uniqueness of SIRT6 substrate binding acyl channel among sirtuin family member, binding of both compounds to the above site suggesting their specificity for SIRT6 isoform. Therefore, it may form the basis for the development of potential modulators for human SIRT6.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Jos
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Snehal Aouti
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sruthi Unni
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Vishnupriya Haridass
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Hemanga Gogoi
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Prashant Deshmukh
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Balasundaram Padmanabhan
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sivaraman Padavattan
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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17
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Yang Y, Zhu M, Liang J, Wang H, Sun D, Li H, Chen L. SIRT6 mediates multidimensional modulation to maintain organism homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3205-3221. [PMID: 35621134 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a member of the silent information regulators (sirtuins) family, SIRT6 can regulate a variety of biological processes, including DNA repair, glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and lifespan, and so forth. SIRT6 maintains organism homeostasis in a variety of phenotypes by mediating epigenetic regulation and posttranslational modification of functional proteins. In this review, we outline the structural basis of SIRT6 enzyme activity and its mechanism of maintaining organism homeostasis in a variety of phenotypes, with an emphasis on the upstream that regulates SIRT6 expression and the downstream substrates. And how SIRT6 achieves multidimensional coordination to maintain organism homeostasis and even extend lifespan. We try to understand the regulatory mechanism of SIRT6 in different phenotypes from the perspective of protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Man Zhu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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18
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Dietschreit JCB, von der Esch B, Ochsenfeld C. Exponential averaging versus umbrella sampling for computing the QM/MM free energy barrier of the initial step of the desuccinylation reaction catalyzed by sirtuin 5. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7723-7731. [PMID: 35292791 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The computational characterization of enzymatic reactions poses a great challenge which arises from the high dimensional and often rough potential energy surfaces commonly explored by static QM/MM methods such as adiabatic mapping (AM). The present study highlights the difficulties in estimating free energy barriers via exponential averaging over AM pathways. Based on our previous study [von der Esch et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2019, 15, 6660-6667], where we analyzed the first reaction step of the desuccinylation reaction catalyzed by human sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) by means of QM/MM adiabatic mapping and machine learning, we use, here, umbrella sampling to compute the free energy profile of the initial reaction step. The computational investigations show that the initial step of the desuccinylation reaction proceeds via an SN2-type reaction mechanism in SIRT5, suggesting that the first step of the deacylation reactions catalyzed by sirtuins is highly conserved. In addition, the direct comparison of the extrapolated free energy barrier from minimal energy paths and the computed free energy path from umbrella sampling further underlines the importance of extensive sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C B Dietschreit
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Beatriz von der Esch
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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19
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Wessels I, Rolles B, Slusarenko AJ, Rink L. Zinc deficiency as a possible risk factor for increased susceptibility and severe progression of Corona Virus Disease 19. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:214-232. [PMID: 33641685 PMCID: PMC8047403 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of Zn for human health becomes obvious during Zn deficiency. Even mild insufficiencies of Zn cause alterations in haematopoiesis and immune functions, resulting in a proinflammatory phenotype and a disturbed redox metabolism. Although immune system malfunction has the most obvious effect, the functions of several tissue cell types are disturbed if Zn supply is limiting. Adhesion molecules and tight junction proteins decrease, while cell death increases, generating barrier dysfunction and possibly organ failure. Taken together, Zn deficiency both weakens the resistance of the human body towards pathogens and at the same time increases the danger of an overactive immune response that may cause tissue damage. The case numbers of Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) are still increasing, which is causing enormous problems for health systems and economies. There is an urgent need to reduce both the number of severe cases and the resulting deaths. While therapeutic options are still under investigation, and first vaccines have been approved, cost-effective ways to reduce the likelihood of or even prevent infection, and the transition from mild symptoms to more serious detrimental disease, are highly desirable. Nutritional supplementation might be an effective option to achieve these aims. In this review, we discuss known Zn deficiency effects in the context of an infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 and its currently known pathogenic mechanisms and elaborate on how severe pre-existing Zn deficiency may pre-dispose patients to a severe progression of COVID-19. First published clinical data on the association of Zn homoeostasis with COVID-19 and registered studies in progress are listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rolles
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan J. Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074Aachen, Germany
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20
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Subtelomeric Chromatin in the Fission Yeast S. pombe. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091977. [PMID: 34576871 PMCID: PMC8466458 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres play important roles in safeguarding the genome. The specialized repressive chromatin that assembles at telomeres and subtelomeric domains is key to this protective role. However, in many organisms, the repetitive nature of telomeric and subtelomeric sequences has hindered research efforts. The fission yeast S. pombe has provided an important model system for dissection of chromatin biology due to the relative ease of genetic manipulation and strong conservation of important regulatory proteins with higher eukaryotes. Telomeres and the telomere-binding shelterin complex are highly conserved with mammals, as is the assembly of constitutive heterochromatin at subtelomeres. In this review, we seek to summarize recent work detailing the assembly of distinct chromatin structures within subtelomeric domains in fission yeast. These include the heterochromatic SH subtelomeric domains, the telomere-associated sequences (TAS), and ST chromatin domains that assemble highly condensed chromatin clusters called knobs. Specifically, we review new insights into the sequence of subtelomeric domains, the distinct types of chromatin that assemble on these sequences and how histone H3 K36 modifications influence these chromatin structures. We address the interplay between the subdomains of chromatin structure and how subtelomeric chromatin is influenced by both the telomere-bound shelterin complexes and by euchromatic chromatin regulators internal to the subtelomeric domain. Finally, we demonstrate that telomere clustering, which is mediated via the condensed ST chromatin knob domains, does not depend on knob assembly within these domains but on Set2, which mediates H3K36 methylation.
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YAF2-Mediated YY1-Sirtuin6 Interactions Responsible for Mitochondrial Downregulation in Aging Tunicates. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0004721. [PMID: 33875574 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00047-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In budding tunicates, aging accompanies a decrease in the gene expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), and the in vivo transfection of Tfam mRNA stimulates the mitochondrial respiratory activity of aged animals. The gene expression of both the transcriptional repressor Yin-Yang-1 (YY1) and corepressor Sirtuin6 (Sirt6) increased during aging, and the cotransfection of synthetic mRNA of YY1 and Sirt6 synergistically downregulated Tfam gene expression. Pulldown assays of proteins indicated that YY1-associated factor 2 (YAF2) was associated with both YY1 and SIRT6. Protein cross-linking confirmed that YAF2 bound YY1 and SIRT6 with a molar ratio of 1:1. YY1 was bound to CCAT- or ACAT-containing oligonucleotides in the 5' flanking region of the Tfam gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) showed that SIRT6 specifically induced the histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) deacetylation of the Tfam upstream region. YY1 and YAF2 accelerated SIRT6-induced H3K9 deacetylation. YY1 and Sirt6 mRNA transfection attenuated mitochondrial respiratory gene expression and blocked MitoTracker fluorescence. In contrast, the SIRT6 inhibitor and Tfam mRNA antagonized the inhibitory effects of YY1 and Sirt6, indicating that Tfam acts on mitochondria downstream of YY1 and Sirt6. We concluded that in the budding tunicate Polyandrocarpa misakiensis, YY1 recruits SIRT6 via YAF2 to the TFAM gene, resulting in aging-related mitochondrial downregulation.
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Abstract
Candida albicans is a major human fungal pathogen that encounters varied host environments during infection. In response to environmental cues, C. albicans switches between ovoid yeast and elongated hyphal growth forms, and this morphological plasticity contributes to virulence. Environmental changes that alter the cell's metabolic state could be sensed by sirtuins, which are NAD+-dependent deacetylases. Here, we studied the roles of three sirtuin deacetylases-Sir2, Hst1, and Hst2-in the hyphal growth of C. albicans We made single, double, and triple sirtuin knockout strains and tested their ability to switch from yeast to hyphae. We found that true hypha formation was significantly reduced by the deletion of SIR2 but not HST1 or HST2 Moreover, the expression of hypha-specific genes HWP1, ALS3, and ECE1 decreased in the sir2Δ/Δ mutant compared to the wild type. This regulation of hypha formation was likely dependent on the deacetylase activity of Sir2, as a similar defect in hypha formation was observed when an asparagine known to be required for deacetylation was mutated. Finally, we found that Sir2 and Hst1 were localized to the nucleus, with Sir2 specifically focused in the nucleolus. This nuclear localization suggests a role for Sir2 and Hst1 in regulating gene expression. In contrast, Hst2 was localized to the cytoplasm. In conclusion, our results suggest that Sir2 plays a critical and nonredundant role in hyphal growth of C. albicans IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired systemic fungal infections in the United States. It can switch between ovoid yeast and elongated hyphal growth forms in response to environmental cues. This morphological transition is essential for its survival in the host. Thus, identifying regulators involved in this process can lead to new therapies. In this study, we examined the contribution of three regulators called sirtuins (Sir2, Hst1, and Hst2) to the yeast-to-hypha transition of C. albicans We found that loss of Sir2 but not Hst1 or Hst2 hampered hypha formation. Moreover, the defect was caused by the loss of the catalytic activity of Sir2. Our study may lay the groundwork for discovering novel targets for antifungal therapies.
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Rymarchyk S, Kang W, Cen Y. Substrate-Dependent Sensitivity of SIRT1 to Nicotinamide Inhibition. Biomolecules 2021; 11:312. [PMID: 33670751 PMCID: PMC7922766 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is the most extensively studied human sirtuin with a broad spectrum of endogenous targets. It has been implicated in the regulation of a myriad of cellular events, such as gene transcription, mitochondria biogenesis, insulin secretion as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. From a mechanistic perspective, nicotinamide (NAM), a byproduct of a sirtuin-catalyzed reaction, reverses a reaction intermediate to regenerate NAD+ through "base exchange", leading to the inhibition of the forward deacetylation. NAM has been suggested as a universal sirtuin negative regulator. Sirtuins have evolved different strategies in response to NAM regulation. Here, we report the detailed kinetic analysis of SIRT1-catalyzed reactions using endogenous substrate-based synthetic peptides. A novel substrate-dependent sensitivity of SIRT1 to NAM inhibition was observed. Additionally, SIRT1 demonstrated pH-dependent deacetylation with normal solvent isotope effects (SIEs), consistent with proton transfer in the rate-limiting step. Base exchange, in contrast, was insensitive to pH changes with no apparent SIEs, indicative of lack of proton transfer in the rate-limiting step. Consequently, NAM inhibition was attenuated at a high pH in proteated buffers. Our study provides new evidence for "activation by de-repression" as an effective sirtuin activation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacia Rymarchyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA;
| | - Wenjia Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA;
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA;
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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24
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Zhang X, Ameer FS, Azhar G, Wei JY. Alternative Splicing Increases Sirtuin Gene Family Diversity and Modulates Their Subcellular Localization and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020473. [PMID: 33418837 PMCID: PMC7824890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing generates multiple distinct isoforms that increase transcriptome and proteome diversity. There are seven sirtuin genes in humans, each consists of multiple exons that are likely to undergo alternative splicing. Our aim was to characterize the effect of alternative splicing on the sirtuin genes. Here, we report the identification of 23 human sirtuin isoforms, most of which were not previously reported. Five of the sirtuin genes had more than one isoform, whereas sirtuin-6 had nine isoforms. Exon skipping was the main event. Most of the sirtuin isoforms were deficient in parts of the protein domains, including the catalytic domain, the N- or C-terminus, nuclear localization signal or mitochondrial targeting signal. The domain loss caused potential structural changes. Three SIRT1 isoforms had a differential effect on the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. Age-related changes in the expression of SIRT1 isoforms were observed in the human heart in fetus, adults, and very old individuals. We also identified 15 sirtuin isoforms in mice. Our data indicate that alternative splicing increases sirtuin gene diversity and may modulate subcellular localization and function, thereby adding complexity to the gene regulation of mitochondrial respiration, metabolism, and cardiac function during maturation and aging.
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25
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Motati DR, Amaradhi R, Ganesh T. Recent developments in the synthesis of azaindoles from pyridine and pyrrole building blocks. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The azaindole framework is ubiquitous in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. This review highlights the synthetic approaches to azaindoles with advantages and limitations, mechanistic pathways and biological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damoder Reddy Motati
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Emory School of Medicine
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Radhika Amaradhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Emory School of Medicine
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Emory School of Medicine
- Atlanta
- USA
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26
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Carreño M, Bresque M, Machado MR, Santos L, Durán R, Vitturi DA, Escande C, Denicola A. Nitro-fatty acids as activators of hSIRT6 deacetylase activity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18355-18366. [PMID: 33122195 PMCID: PMC7939442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6, SIRT6, is critical for both glucose and lipid homeostasis and is involved in maintaining genomic stability under conditions of oxidative DNA damage such as those observed in age-related diseases. There is an intense search for modulators of SIRT6 activity, however, not many specific activators have been reported. Long acyl-chain fatty acids have been shown to increase the weak in vitro deacetylase activity of SIRT6 but this effect is modest at best. Herein we report that electrophilic nitro-fatty acids (nitro-oleic acid and nitro-conjugated linoleic acid) potently activate SIRT6. Binding of the nitro-fatty acid to the hydrophobic crevice of the SIRT6 active site exerted a moderate activation (2-fold at 20 μm), similar to that previously reported for non-nitrated fatty acids. However, covalent Michael adduct formation with Cys-18, a residue present at the N terminus of SIRT6 but absent from other isoforms, induced a conformational change that resulted in a much stronger activation (40-fold at 20 μm). Molecular modeling of the resulting Michael adduct suggested stabilization of the co-substrate and acyl-binding loops as a possible additional mechanism of SIRT6 activation by the nitro-fatty acid. Importantly, treatment of cells with nitro-oleic acid promoted H3K9 deacetylation, whereas oleic acid had no effect. Altogether, our results show that nitrated fatty acids can be considered a valuable tool for specific SIRT6 activation, and that SIRT6 should be considered as a molecular target for in vivo actions of these anti-inflammatory nitro-lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Carreño
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Bresque
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y el Envejecimiento, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías R Machado
- Laboratorio de Simulaciones Biomoleculares, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leonardo Santos
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y el Envejecimiento, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosario Durán
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Darío A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology; Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, and Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlos Escande
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y el Envejecimiento, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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27
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Teixeira CSS, Cerqueira NMFSA, Gomes P, Sousa SF. A Molecular Perspective on Sirtuin Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228609. [PMID: 33203121 PMCID: PMC7696986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein acetylation of either the α-amino groups of amino-terminal residues or of internal lysine or cysteine residues is one of the major posttranslational protein modifications that occur in the cell with repercussions at the protein as well as at the metabolome level. The lysine acetylation status is determined by the opposing activities of lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs), which add and remove acetyl groups from proteins, respectively. A special group of KDACs, named sirtuins, that require NAD+ as a substrate have received particular attention in recent years. They play critical roles in metabolism, and their abnormal activity has been implicated in several diseases. Conversely, the modulation of their activity has been associated with protection from age-related cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and with increased longevity. The benefits of either activating or inhibiting these enzymes have turned sirtuins into attractive therapeutic targets, and considerable effort has been directed toward developing specific sirtuin modulators. This review summarizes the protein acylation/deacylation processes with a special focus on the current developments in the sirtuin research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. S. Teixeira
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM - Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.S.T.); (N.M.F.S.A.C.)
| | - Nuno M. F. S. A. Cerqueira
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM - Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.S.T.); (N.M.F.S.A.C.)
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F. Sousa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM - Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.S.T.); (N.M.F.S.A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-551-3600
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28
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The Beneficial Roles of SIRT1 in Neuroinflammation-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6782872. [PMID: 33014276 PMCID: PMC7519200 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6782872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are the class III of histone deacetylases whose deacetylate of histones is dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Among seven sirtuins, SIRT1 plays a critical role in modulating a wide range of physiological processes, including apoptosis, DNA repair, inflammatory response, metabolism, cancer, and stress. Neuroinflammation is associated with many neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, bacterial infections, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, numerous studies indicate the protective effects of SIRT1 in neuroinflammation-related diseases. Here, we review the latest progress regarding the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of SIRT1. First, we introduce the structure, catalytic mechanism, and functions of SIRT1. Next, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of SIRT1 in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Finally, we analyze the mechanisms and effects of SIRT1 in several common neuroinflammation-associated diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, AD, and PD. Taken together, this information implies that SIRT1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of neuroinflammation-associated disorders.
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29
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Klein MA, Denu JM. Biological and catalytic functions of sirtuin 6 as targets for small-molecule modulators. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11021-11041. [PMID: 32518153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a nuclear NAD+-dependent deacetylase of histone H3 that regulates genome stability and gene expression. However, nonhistone substrates and additional catalytic activities of SIRT6, including long-chain deacylation and mono-ADP-ribosylation of other proteins, have also been reported, but many of these noncanonical roles remain enigmatic. Genetic studies have revealed critical homeostatic cellular functions of SIRT6, underscoring the need to better understand which catalytic functions and molecular pathways are driving SIRT6-associated phenotypes. At the physiological level, SIRT6 activity promotes increased longevity by regulating metabolism and DNA repair. Recent work has identified natural products and synthetic small molecules capable of activating the inefficient in vitro deacetylase activity of SIRT6. Here, we discuss the cellular functions of SIRT6 with a focus on attributing its catalytic activity to its proposed biological functions. We cover the molecular architecture and catalytic mechanisms that distinguish SIRT6 from other NAD+-dependent deacylases. We propose that combining specific SIRT6 amino acid substitutions identified in enzymology studies and activity-selective compounds could help delineate SIRT6 functions in specific biological contexts and resolve the apparently conflicting roles of SIRT6 in processes such as tumor development. We further highlight the recent development of small-molecule modulators that provide additional biological insight into SIRT6 functions and offer therapeutic approaches to manage metabolic and age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Klein
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John M Denu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA .,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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30
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Ka D, Oh H, Park E, Kim JH, Bae E. Structural and functional evidence of bacterial antiphage protection by Thoeris defense system via NAD + degradation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2816. [PMID: 32499527 PMCID: PMC7272460 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16703-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The intense arms race between bacteria and phages has led to the development of diverse antiphage defense systems in bacteria. Unlike well-known restriction-modification and CRISPR-Cas systems, recently discovered systems are poorly characterized. One such system is the Thoeris defense system, which consists of two genes, thsA and thsB. Here, we report structural and functional analyses of ThsA and ThsB. ThsA exhibits robust NAD+ cleavage activity and a two-domain architecture containing sirtuin-like and SLOG-like domains. Mutation analysis suggests that NAD+ cleavage is linked to the antiphage function of Thoeris. ThsB exhibits a structural resemblance to TIR domain proteins such as nucleotide hydrolases and Toll-like receptors, but no enzymatic activity is detected in our in vitro assays. These results further our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the Thoeris defense system, highlighting a unique strategy for bacterial antiphage resistance via NAD+ degradation. The Thoeris defense system is a recently discovered bacterial defense system that protects bacteria against phage infection and consists of the two genes thsA and thsB. Here, the authors present the crystal structures of Bacillus cereus ThsA and ThsB and show that ThsA is a NAD+ cleaving enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Ka
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyejin Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Euiyoung Bae
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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31
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Identification of Inhibitors to Trypanosoma cruzi Sirtuins Based on Compounds Developed to Human Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103659. [PMID: 32455951 PMCID: PMC7279216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is an illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affecting more than 7 million people in the world. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are the only drugs available for treatment and in addition to causing several side effects, are only satisfactory in the acute phase of the disease. Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylases involved in several biological processes, which have become drug target candidates in various disease settings. T. cruzi presents two sirtuins, one cytosolic (TcSir2rp1) and the latter mitochondrial (TcSir2rp3). Here, we characterized the effects of human sirtuin inhibitors against T. cruzi sirtuins as an initial approach to develop specific parasite inhibitors. We found that, of 33 compounds tested, two inhibited TcSir2rp1 (15 and 17), while other five inhibited TcSir2rp3 (8, 12, 13, 30, and 32), indicating that specific inhibitors can be devised for each one of the enzymes. Furthermore, all inhibiting compounds prevented parasite proliferation in cultured mammalian cells. When combining the most effective inhibitors with benznidazole at least two compounds, 17 and 32, demonstrated synergistic effects. Altogether, these results support the importance of exploring T. cruzi sirtuins as drug targets and provide key elements to develop specific inhibitors for these enzymes as potential targets for Chagas disease treatment.
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32
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Najumuddin, Fakhar M, Rashid S. Evidence for NAD +-dependent histone dynamics and tunneling associated conformational transitions in circadian deacetylase SIRT1. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 99:107646. [PMID: 32531731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a biological cycle that is involved in all processes over 24 h day and night period. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a 747 amino acid-long class III Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone that acts as a circadian deacetylase. Here we present a detailed in-silico analysis to address comparative structure-function relationship and interaction pattern of SIRT1-NAD+/Zn+2 and SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2-acetylated histone H4 (H4KAC16) complexes. MD-based ensemble analysis suggested an overall loss of helical content (21.144-17.230%) in H4KAC16-bound SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2 due to conformational readjustments of 32 residues, as compared to SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2. Due to increased flexibility, SIRT1-specific SER275, SER442 and ARG466 residues involved in NAD+ association facilitated in the formation of a transient tunnel (17.77 Å) that was further elongated to 19.25 Å upon SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2 binding to H4KAC16. A close conformation of SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2 was achieved due to binding of H4KAC16 that results in the movement of helical module towards Zn+2 binding module together with Rossmann fold at NAD+ binding region. Furthermore, a 2-fold increase (4.31-8.82 Å) in the measured inter-atomic distance between imidazole nitrogen of conserved HIS363 and NAD+-specific 2'-hydroxyl group of ribose ring was evident in SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2-H4KAC16 complex. At 90 ns time scale, the distance between C6A of adenine ring and C2N of nicotinamide ring was more extended (19.32 Å) in SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2-H4KAC16 as compared to SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2 (11.54 Å). These data suggest that H4KAC16 binding to SIRT1 may coordinate an unusual conformational readjustment of nicotinamide ring at site-b and reposition of HIS363 to facilitate SIRT1-dependent deacetylase activity. Taken together, our findings will help in understanding the precise structural changes occurring in response to SIRT1 deacetylase activity of core histone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najumuddin
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fakhar
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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de Guia RM, Agerholm M, Nielsen TS, Consitt LA, Søgaard D, Helge JW, Larsen S, Brandauer J, Houmard JA, Treebak JT. Aerobic and resistance exercise training reverses age-dependent decline in NAD + salvage capacity in human skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14139. [PMID: 31207144 PMCID: PMC6577427 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging decreases skeletal muscle mass and strength, but aerobic and resistance exercise training maintains skeletal muscle function. NAD+ is a coenzyme for ATP production and a required substrate for enzymes regulating cellular homeostasis. In skeletal muscle, NAD+ is mainly generated by the NAD+ salvage pathway in which nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is rate‐limiting. NAMPT decreases with age in human skeletal muscle, and aerobic exercise training increases NAMPT levels in young men. However, whether distinct modes of exercise training increase NAMPT levels in both young and old people is unknown. We assessed the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic and resistance exercise training on skeletal muscle abundance of NAMPT, nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (NRK2), and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) 1 and 3 in young (≤35 years) and older (≥55 years) individuals. NAMPT in skeletal muscle correlated negatively with age (r2 = 0.297, P < 0.001, n = 57), and VO2peak was the best predictor of NAMPT levels. Moreover, aerobic exercise training increased NAMPT abundance 12% and 28% in young and older individuals, respectively, whereas resistance exercise training increased NAMPT abundance 25% and 30% in young and in older individuals, respectively. None of the other proteins changed with exercise training. In a separate cohort of young and old people, levels of NAMPT, NRK1, and NMNAT1/2 in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were not affected by either age or 6 weeks of high‐intensity interval training. Collectively, exercise training reverses the age‐dependent decline in skeletal muscle NAMPT abundance, and our findings highlight the value of exercise training in ameliorating age‐associated deterioration of skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roldan M de Guia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Agerholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leslie A Consitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Ditte Søgaard
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Josef Brandauer
- Department of Health Sciences, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Edatt L, Poyyakkara A, Raji GR, Ramachandran V, Shankar SS, Kumar VBS. Role of Sirtuins in Tumor Angiogenesis. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1516. [PMID: 32010617 PMCID: PMC6978795 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, changes in the metabolic status of cells under conditions like hypoxia and accumulation of lactate can be sensed by various sensing mechanisms, leading to modulation of a number of signal transduction pathways and transcription factors. Several of the proangiogenic cytokines like VEGF, FGF, PDGF, TGF-β, Ang-2, ILs, etc. are secreted by cancer cells, under hypoxic microenvironment. These cytokines bind to their receptors on the endothelial cells and activates a number of signaling pathways including Akt/PIP3, Src, p38/MAPK, Smad2/3, etc., which ultimately results in the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Transcription factors that are activated in response to the metabolic status of tumors include HIFs, NF-κb, p53, El-2, and FOXO. Many of these transcription factors has been reported to be regulated by a class of histone deacetylase called sirtuins. Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent histone deacetylases that play pivotal role in the regulation of tumor cell metabolism, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. The major function of sirtuins include, deacetylation of histones as well as some non-histone proteins like NF-κB, FOXOs, PPAR⋎, PGC1-α, enzymes like acetyl coenzymeA and structural proteins like α tubulin. In the cell, sirtuins are generally considered as the redox sensors and their activities are dependent on the metabolic status of the cell. Understanding the intricate regulatory mechanisms adopted by sirtuins, is crucial in devising effective therapeutic strategies against angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor progression. Keeping this in mind, the present review focuses on the role of sirtuins in the process of tumor angiogenesis and the regulatory mechanisms employed by them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - V. B. Sameer Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
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35
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu K, Chi S, Wang C, Xie A. Emerging Role of Sirtuin 2 in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:372. [PMID: 31998119 PMCID: PMC6965030 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the main risk factor of which is age, is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, thus presenting a substantial burden on the health of affected individuals as well as an economic burden. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a subtype in the family of sirtuins, belongs to class III histone deacetylases (HDACs). It is known that SIRT2 levels increase with aging, and a growing body of evidence has been accumulating, showing that the activity of SIRT2 mediates various processes involved in PD pathogenesis, including aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn), microtubule function, oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy. There have been conflicting reports about the role of SIRT2 in PD, in that some studies indicate its potential to induce the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and that inhibition of SIRT2 may, therefore, have protective effects in PD. Other studies suggest a protective role of SIRT2 in the context of neuronal damage. As current treatments for PD are directed at alleviating symptoms and are very limited, a comprehensive understanding of the enzymology of SIRT2 in PD may be essential for developing novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease. This review article will provide an update on our knowledge of the structure, distribution, and biological characteristics of SIRT2, and highlight its role in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Konghua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth People Hospital of Qingdao City, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Chi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Chang AR, Ferrer CM, Mostoslavsky R. SIRT6, a Mammalian Deacylase with Multitasking Abilities. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:145-169. [PMID: 31437090 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins have emerged in recent years as critical modulators of multiple biological processes, regulating cellular metabolism, DNA repair, gene expression, and mitochondrial biology. As such, they evolved to play key roles in organismal homeostasis, and defects in these proteins have been linked to a plethora of diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. In this review, we describe the multiple roles of SIRT6, a chromatin deacylase with unique and important functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis. We attempt to provide a framework for such different functions, for the ability of SIRT6 to interconnect chromatin dynamics with metabolism and DNA repair, and the open questions the field will face in the future, particularly in the context of putative therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Chang
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christina M Ferrer
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Han Y, Zhou S, Coetzee S, Chen A. SIRT4 and Its Roles in Energy and Redox Metabolism in Health, Disease and During Exercise. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1006. [PMID: 31447696 PMCID: PMC6695564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+-dependent SIRT4 has been reported to be a key regulator of metabolic enzymes and antioxidant defense mechanisms in mitochondria. It also plays an important role in regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in response to exercise. Recent studies have shown that SIRT4 is involved in a wide range of mitochondrial metabolic processes, including depressing insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, promoting lipid synthesis, regulating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis, controlling apoptosis and regulating redox. SIRT4 also appears to have enzymatic functions involved in posttranslational modifications such as ADP-ribosylation, lysine deacetylation and lipoamidation. However, the effects on SIRT4 by metabolic diseases and changes in metabolic homeostasis such as during exercise, along with the roles of SIRT4 in the regulation of metabolism during disease, are not well understood. The main goal of this review is to critically analyse and summarise the current research evidence on the significance of the SIRT4 as a metabolic regulator and in mitochondrial function and its putative roles in relation to metabolic diseases and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Han
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonja Coetzee
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Anping Chen
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Deacetylation of metabolic enzymes by Sirt2 modulates pyruvate homeostasis to extend insect lifespan. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1053-1072. [PMID: 29769432 PMCID: PMC5990394 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diapause in insects is akin to dauer in Caenorhabditis elegans and hibernation in vertebrates. Diapause causes a profound extension of lifespan by low metabolic activity. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms for low metabolic activity remain unknown. Here, we showed that low pyruvate levels are present in the brains of diapause-destined pupae of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, and three enzymes pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) are closely correlated with pyruvate homeostasis. Notably, Sirt2 can deacetylate the three enzymes to increase their activity in vitro. Thus, low Sirt2 expression in the brains of diapause individuals decreases PK and PEPCK protein levels as well as PGAM activity, resulting in low pyruvate levels and low tricarboxylic acid cycle activity and eventually inducing diapause initiation by low metabolic activity. These findings suggest that pyruvate is a checkpoint for development or lifespan extension, and Sirt2 is a negative regulator to extend lifespan in insects.
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Ding Y, Han Y, Lu Q, An J, Zhu H, Xie Z, Song P, Zou MH. Peroxynitrite-Mediated SIRT (Sirtuin)-1 Inactivation Contributes to Nicotine-Induced Arterial Stiffness in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1419-1431. [PMID: 31092012 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Inhibition of SIRT (sirtuin)-1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deacetylase, is linked to cigarette smoking-induced arterial stiffness, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects and mechanisms of nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, on SIRT1 activity and arterial stiffness. Approach and Results- Arterial stiffness, peroxynitrite (ONOO-) formation, SIRT1 expression and activity were monitored in mouse aortas of 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice (wild-type) or Sirt1-overexpressing ( Sirt1 Super) mice with or without nicotine for 4 weeks. In aortas of wild-type mice, nicotine reduced SIRT1 protein and activity by ≈50% without affecting its mRNA levels. In those from Sirt1 Super mice, nicotine also markedly reduced SIRT1 protein and activity to the levels that were comparable to those in wild-type mice. Nicotine infusion significantly induced collagen I, fibronectin, and arterial stiffness in wild-type but not Sirt1 Super mice. Nicotine increased the levels of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and the co-staining of SIRT1 and 3-nitrotyrosine, a footprint of ONOO- in aortas. Tempol, which ablated ONOO- by scavenging superoxide anion, reduced the effects of nicotine on SIRT1 and collagen. Mutation of zinc-binding cysteine 395 or 398 in SIRT1 into serine (C395S) or (C398S) abolished SIRT1 activity. Furthermore, ONOO- dose-dependently inhibited the enzyme and increased zinc release in recombinant SIRT1. Finally, we found SIRT1 inactivation by ONOO- activated the YAP (Yes-associated protein) resulting in abnormal ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling. Conclusions- Nicotine induces ONOO-, which selectively inhibits SIRT1 resulting in a YAP-mediated ECM remodeling. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ding
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Yi Han
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Qiulun Lu
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Junqing An
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Huaiping Zhu
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Ping Song
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
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40
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Hałasa M, Bartuzi D, Cieślak D, Kaczor AA, Miziak P, Stepulak A, Matosiuk D. Role of N-terminus in function and dynamics of sirtuin 7: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1283-1291. [PMID: 31025603 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1600585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The sirtuin family comprises seven NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases named SIRT1 to SIRT7. The least investigated SIRT7 is currently considered as a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and different types of cancer. So far, its structure was not experimentally resolved, except of a fragment of its N-terminus. The aim of this study was to create in silico model of SIRT7 containing its core together with N-terminus, which is known to affect the enzyme's catalytic activity and to find pockets that could be targeted by structure-based virtual screening. Homology model of SIRT7 was prepared using X-ray structures of other sirtuins and a resolved fragment of the N-terminus of SIRT7 as templates. All atom-unbiased molecular dynamics simulations were performed. It was found that N-terminus of SIRT7 remains in spatial proximity of the catalytic core for considerable fraction of time, and therefore, it may affect its catalytic activity by helping the enzyme to hold the substrate peptide. It may also participate in holding and release of the cofactor. Preferred orientations of NAD+ and acetyl-lysine inside SIRT7 were found, with all components forming a stable complex. Molecular dynamics provided an ensemble of conformations that will be targeted with virtual screening. Reliable in silico structure of SIRT7 will be a useful tool in searching for its inhibitors, which can be potential drugs in cancer treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hałasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Damian Bartuzi
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Cieślak
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paulina Miziak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Matosiuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Inhibition of SIRT1 deacetylase and p53 activation uncouples the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive actions of NSAIDs. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:537-546. [PMID: 30739913 PMCID: PMC6461760 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been proposed as chemopreventive agents for many tumours; however, the mechanism responsible for their anti-neoplastic activity remains elusive and the side effects due to cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition prevent this clinical application. Methods Molecular biology, in silico, cellular and in vivo tools, including innovative in vivo imaging and classical biochemical assays, were applied to identify and characterise the COX-independent anti-cancer mechanism of NSAIDs. Results Here, we show that tumour-protective functions of NSAIDs and exisulind (a sulindac metabolite lacking anti-inflammatory activity) occur through a COX-independent mechanism. We demonstrate these NSAIDs counteract carcinogen-induced proliferation by inhibiting the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase activity, augmenting acetylation and activity of the tumour suppressor p53 and increasing the expression of the antiproliferative gene p21. These properties are shared by all NSAIDs except for ketoprofen lacking anti-cancer properties. The clinical interest of the mechanism identified is underlined by our finding that p53 is activated in mastectomy patients undergoing intraoperative ketorolac, a treatment associated with decreased relapse risk and increased survival. Conclusion Our study, for the first-time, links NSAID chemopreventive activity with direct SIRT1 inhibition and activation of the p53/p21 anti-oncogenic pathway, suggesting a novel strategy for the design of tumour-protective drugs.
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He X, Zeng H, Chen JX. Emerging role of SIRT3 in endothelial metabolism, angiogenesis, and cardiovascular disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2252-2265. [PMID: 30132870 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) a mitochondrial enzyme that plays an important role in energy homeostasis, cardiac remodeling, and heart failure (HF). The expression of SIRT3 declines with advanced age, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that SIRT3 plays a critical role in protecting the heart from cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction associated with HF, and in the protection of cardiac cells from stress-mediated cell death. Clinical studies have demonstrated that HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients present with abnormalities in coronary microcirculation related to endothelial dysfunction and coronary microvascular rarefaction. Although SIRT3-mediated regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and heart function has been intensively investigated, the effect of SIRT3 on endothelial cell (EC) glycolytic metabolism and microvascular function has not been well studied. ECs utilize glycolysis for generating ATP rather than oxidative phosphorylation to maintain their normal functions and promote angiogenesis and EC-cardiomyocyte interactions. Emerging evidence indicates that SIRT3 is involved in the regulation of endothelial metabolism and angiogenesis and thus affects the development of cardiovascular diseases associated with aging. This review will discuss the current knowledge of SIRT3 and its functional role on endothelial metabolism, cardiac function, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Heng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Sidorova-Darmos E, Sommer R, Eubanks JH. The Role of SIRT3 in the Brain Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:196. [PMID: 30090057 PMCID: PMC6068278 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin enzymes are a family of highly seven conserved protein deacetylases, namely SIRT1 through SIRT7, whose enzymatic activities require the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Sirtuins reside in different compartments within cells, and their activities have been shown to regulate a number of cellular pathways involved in but not limited to stress management, apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Given the importance of mitochondrial functional state in neurodegenerative conditions, the mitochondrial SIRT3 sirtuin, which is the primary deacetylase within mitochondria, has garnered considerable recent attention. It is now clear that SIRT3 plays a major role in regulating a host of mitochondrial molecular cascades that can contribute to both normal and pathophysiological processes. However, most of the currently available knowledge on SIRT3 stems from studies in non-neuronal cells, and the consequences of the interactions between SIRT3 and its targets in the CNS are only beginning to be elucidated. In this review, we will summarize current advances relating to SIRT3, and explore how its known functions could influence brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sidorova-Darmos
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rosa Sommer
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James H Eubanks
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kovacs L, Kovacs-Kasa A, Verin AD, Fulton D, Lucas R, Su Y. Histone deacetylases in vascular permeability and remodeling associated with acute lung injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 32099966 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2018.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe progressive disorder that arises from a wide range of causes such as toxins or inflammation, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. There are no effective therapeutic options apart from mechanical ventilation strategies. While the mechanisms that govern the clinically relevant process of increased EC permeability and remodeling associated with ALI are under intense investigation, our knowledge of the processes that determine barrier enhancement or preservation are far from completion. Recently, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as a major regulator of enduring changes in cell behavior and the therapeutic potential of inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) for the treatment of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases has gained remarkable attention. Although HDACs have been shown to play an important role in regulating EC barrier function, the involved HDAC subtypes and mechanisms remain undefined. Further investigation of the HDAC signaling may provide therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Kovacs
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | | | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - David Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia 30912
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Daskalaki MG, Tsatsanis C, Kampranis SC. Histone methylation and acetylation in macrophages as a mechanism for regulation of inflammatory responses. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6495-6507. [PMID: 29574768 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages respond to noxious stimuli and contribute to inflammatory responses by eliminating pathogens or damaged tissue and maintaining homeostasis. Response to activation signals and maintenance of homeostasis require tight regulation of genes involved in macrophage activation and inactivation processes, as well as genes involved in determining their polarization state. Recent evidence has revealed that such regulation occurs through histone modifications that render inflammatory or polarizing gene promoters accessible to transcriptional complexes. Thus, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes are regulated by histone acetylation and methylation, determining their activation state. Herein, we review the current knowledge on the role of histone modifying enzymes (acetyltransferases, deacetylases, methyltransferases, and demethylases) in determining the responsiveness and M1 or M2 polarization of macrophages. The contribution of these enzymes in the development of inflammatory diseases is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Daskalaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos Tsatsanis
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sotirios C Kampranis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Developing evidence in the literature suggests that sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) may be involved in metabolic reprogramming, an emerging hallmark of cancer by which neoplastic cells reconfigure their metabolism to support the anabolic demands of rapid cell division. SIRT5 is one of the seven members of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent sirtuin family of lysine deacetylases. It removes succinyl, malonyl, and glutaryl groups from protein targets within the mitochondrial matrix and other subcellular compartments. SIRT5 substrates include a number of proteins integral to metabolism. Recent Advances: New work has begun to elucidate the roles of SIRT5 in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, nitrogen metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, antioxidant defense, and apoptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES In this study, we summarize biological functions of SIRT5 reported in normal tissues and in cancer and discuss potential mechanisms whereby SIRT5 may impact tumorigenesis, particularly focusing on its reported roles in metabolic reprogramming. Finally, we review current efforts to target SIRT5 pharmacologically. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The biological significance of SIRT5 has been elucidated in the context of only an extremely small fraction of its targets and interactors. There is no doubt that further studies in this area will provide a wealth of insights into functions of SIRT5 and its targets in normal and neoplastic cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 677-690.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela H. Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David B. Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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48
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Min Z, Gao J, Yu Y. The Roles of Mitochondrial SIRT4 in Cellular Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:783. [PMID: 30666234 PMCID: PMC6330279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins comprise a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent lysine deacylases that regulate the life span, aging, and metabolism. Seven sirtuin family members (SIRT1-7) have been identified in mammals, including humans. Despite the indispensable role of mitochondrial sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) in metabolic regulation, the primary enzymatic activity of SIRT4 remains enigmatic. SIRT4 possesses ADP-ribosyltransferase, lipoamidase and deacylase activities. Interestingly, the enzymatic activities and substrates of SIRT4 vary in different tissues and cells. SIRT4 inhibits insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells and regulates insulin sensitivity as a deacylase in the pancreas. SIRT4 represses fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in muscle and liver cells differently. SIRT4 has also been identified as a mitochondrial-localized tumor suppressor. A comprehensive understanding of the enzymology of SIRT4 in metabolism is essential for developing novel therapeutic agents for human metabolic diseases. This review will update the roles of SIRT4 in cellular and organismal metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Min
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangman Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yu
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Yeong KY, Tan SC, Mai CW, Leong CO, Chung FFL, Lee YK, Chee CF, Abdul Rahman N. Contrasting sirtuin and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activities of selected 2,4,6-trisubstituted benzimidazoles. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 91:213-219. [PMID: 28719017 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Both sirtuin and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes utilize NAD+ as co-substrate. Inhibitors of sirtuins and PARPs are important tools in drug discovery as they are reported to be linked to multiple diseases such as cancer. New potent sirtuin inhibitors (2,4,6-trisubstituted benzimidazole) were discovered from reported PARP inhibitor scaffold. Interestingly, the synthesized compounds have contrasting sirtuin and PARP-1 inhibitory activities. We showed that modification on benzimidazoles may alter their selectivity toward sirtuin or PARP-1 enzymes. This offers an opportunity for further discovery and development of new promising sirtuin inhibitors. Molecular docking studies were carried out to aid the rationalization of these observations. Preliminary antiproliferative studies of selected compounds against nasopharyngeal cancer cells also showed relatively promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Soo Choon Tan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yean Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rajabi N, Galleano I, Madsen AS, Olsen CA. Targeting Sirtuins: Substrate Specificity and Inhibitor Design. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 154:25-69. [PMID: 29413177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lysine residues across the proteome are modified by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that significantly enhance the structural and functional diversity of proteins. For lysine, the most abundant PTM is ɛ-N-acetyllysine (Kac), which plays numerous roles in regulation of important cellular functions, such as gene expression (epigenetic effects) and metabolism. A family of enzymes, namely histone deacetylases (HDACs), removes these PTMs. A subset of these enzymes, the sirtuins (SIRTs), represent class III HDAC and, unlike the rest of the family, these hydrolases are NAD+-dependent. Although initially described as deacetylases, alternative deacylase functions for sirtuins have been reported, which expands the potential cellular roles of this class of enzymes. Currently, sirtuins are investigated as therapeutic targets for the treatment of diseases that span from cancers to neurodegenerative disorders. In the present book chapter, we review and discuss the current literature on novel ɛ-N-acyllysine PTMs, targeted by sirtuins, as well as mechanism-based sirtuin inhibitors inspired by their substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Rajabi
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iacopo Galleano
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas S Madsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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