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Wang L, Bu T, Wu X, Li L, Sun F, Cheng CY. Motor proteins, spermatogenesis and testis function. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:381-445. [PMID: 38960481 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The role of motor proteins in supporting intracellular transports of vesicles and organelles in mammalian cells has been known for decades. On the other hand, the function of motor proteins that support spermatogenesis is also well established since the deletion of motor protein genes leads to subfertility and/or infertility. Furthermore, mutations and genetic variations of motor protein genes affect fertility in men, but also a wide range of developmental defects in humans including multiple organs besides the testis. In this review, we seek to provide a summary of microtubule and actin-dependent motor proteins based on earlier and recent findings in the field. Since these two cytoskeletons are polarized structures, different motor proteins are being used to transport cargoes to different ends of these cytoskeletons. However, their involvement in germ cell transport across the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules remains relatively unknown. It is based on recent findings in the field, we have provided a hypothetical model by which motor proteins are being used to support germ cell transport across the BTB and the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. In our discussion, we have highlighted the areas of research that deserve attention to bridge the gap of research in relating the function of motor proteins to spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tiao Bu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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Banerjee S, Zhao Q, Wang B, Qin J, Yuan X, Lou Z, Zheng W, Li H, Wang X, Cheng X, Zhu Y, Lin F, Yang F, Xu J, Munshi A, Das P, Zhou Y, Mandal K, Wang Y, Ayub M, Hirokawa N, Xi Y, Chen G, Li C. A novel in-frame deletion in KIF5C gene causes infantile onset epilepsy and psychomotor retardation. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e469. [PMID: 38525108 PMCID: PMC10960728 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor proteins, encoded by Kinesin superfamily (KIF) genes, are critical for brain development and plasticity. Increasing studies reported KIF's roles in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, a 6 years and 3 months-old Chinese boy with markedly symptomatic epilepsy, intellectual disability, brain atrophy, and psychomotor retardation was investigated. His parents and younger sister were phenotypically normal and had no disease-related family history. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous in-frame deletion (c.265_267delTCA) in exon 3 of the KIF5C in the proband, resulting in the removal of evolutionarily highly conserved p.Ser90, located in its ATP-binding domain. Sanger sequencing excluded the proband's parents and family members from harboring this variant. The activity of ATP hydrolysis in vitro was significantly reduced as predicted. Immunofluorescence studies showed wild-type KIF5C was widely distributed throughout the cytoplasm, while mutant KIF5C was colocalized with microtubules. The live-cell imaging of the cargo-trafficking assay revealed that mutant KIF5C lost the peroxisome-transporting ability. Drosophila models also confirmed p.Ser90del's essential role in nervous system development. This study emphasized the importance of the KIF5C gene in intracellular cargo-transport as well as germline variants that lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and might enable clinicians for timely and accurate diagnosis and disease management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of GeneticsCollege of Basic Medical SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of PediatricsShenzhen Second People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Ziwei Lou
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Weizeng Zheng
- Department of RadiologyWomen's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Huanguo Li
- Department of RadiologyHangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Rehabilitation and Department of Internal Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Xiawei Cheng
- School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Rehabilitation and Department of Internal Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Junyu Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Rehabilitation and Department of Internal Medicine of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular MedicineCentral University of PunjabBathindaIndia
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic DisordersBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Yuanfeng Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy CenterChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kausik Mandal
- Department of Medical GeneticsSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy CenterChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yongmei Xi
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Guangfu Chen
- Department of PediatricsShenzhen Second People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Ultrasound, Women's HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Alibaba‐Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital HealthcareHangzhouChina
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3
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Ruiz-Reig N, Hakanen J, Tissir F. Connecting neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration: a spotlight on the role of kinesin superfamily protein 2A (KIF2A). Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:375-379. [PMID: 37488893 PMCID: PMC10503618 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules play a central role in cytoskeletal changes during neuronal development and maintenance. Microtubule dynamics is essential to polarity and shape transitions underlying neural cell division, differentiation, motility, and maturation. Kinesin superfamily protein 2A is a member of human kinesin 13 gene family of proteins that depolymerize and destabilize microtubules. In dividing cells, kinesin superfamily protein 2A is involved in mitotic progression, spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation. In postmitotic neurons, it is required for axon/dendrite specification and extension, neuronal migration, connectivity, and survival. Humans with kinesin superfamily protein 2A mutations suffer from a variety of malformations of cortical development, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss how kinesin superfamily protein 2A regulates neuronal development and function, and how its deregulation causes neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Janne Hakanen
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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Ruscu M, Capitanescu B, Rupek P, Dandekar T, Radu E, Hermann DM, Popa-Wagner A. The post-stroke young adult brain has limited capacity to re-express the gene expression patterns seen during early postnatal brain development. Brain Pathol 2024:e13232. [PMID: 38198833 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of the brain's response to injury can play an important role in recovery after a brain lesion. In this study, we investigated whether the ischemic young adult brain can re-express brain plasticity genes that were active during early postnatal development. Differentially expressed genes in the cortex of juvenile post-natal day 3 and the peri-infarcted cortical areas of young, 3-month-old post-stroke rats were identified using fixed-effects modeling within an empirical Bayes framework through condition-specific comparison. To further analyze potential biological processes, upregulated and downregulated genes were assessed for enrichment using GSEA software. The genes showing the highest expression changes were subsequently verified through RT-PCR. Our findings indicate that the adult brain partially recapitulates the gene expression profile observed in the juvenile brain but fails to upregulate many genes and pathways necessary for brain plasticity. Of the upregulated genes in post-stroke brains, specific roles have not been assigned to Apobec1, Cenpf, Ect2, Folr2, Glipr1, Myo1f, and Pttg1. New genes that failed to upregulate in the adult post-stroke brain include Bex4, Cd24, Klhl1/Mrp2, Trim67, and St8sia2. Among the upregulated pathways, the largest change was observed in the KEGG pathway "One carbon pool of folate," which is necessary for cellular proliferation, followed by the KEGG pathway "Antifolate resistance," whose genes mainly encode the family of ABC transporters responsible for the efflux of drugs that have entered the brain. We also noted three less-described downregulated KEGG pathways in experimental models: glycolipid biosynthesis, oxytocin, and cortisol pathways, which could be relevant as therapeutic targets. The limited brain plasticity of the adult brain is illustrated through molecular and histological analysis of the axonal growth factor, KIF4. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that further research is needed to decipher the complex genetic mechanisms that prevent the re-expression of brain plasticity-associated genes in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Ruscu
- Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Paul Rupek
- Chair of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Chair of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Radu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Dey S, Barkai O, Gokhman I, Suissa S, Haffner-Krausz R, Wigoda N, Feldmesser E, Ben-Dor S, Kovalenko A, Binshtok A, Yaron A. Kinesin family member 2A gates nociception. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113257. [PMID: 37851573 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociceptive axons undergo remodeling as they innervate their targets during development and in response to environmental insults and pathological conditions. How is nociceptive morphogenesis regulated? Here, we show that the microtubule destabilizer kinesin family member 2A (Kif2a) is a key regulator of nociceptive terminal structures and pain sensitivity. Ablation of Kif2a in sensory neurons causes hyperinnervation and hypersensitivity to noxious stimuli in young adult mice, whereas touch sensitivity and proprioception remain unaffected. Computational modeling predicts that structural remodeling is sufficient to explain the phenotypes. Furthermore, Kif2a deficiency triggers a transcriptional response comprising sustained upregulation of injury-related genes and homeostatic downregulation of highly specific channels and receptors at the late stage. The latter effect can be predicted to relieve the hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons, despite persisting morphological aberrations, and indeed correlates with the resolution of pain hypersensitivity. Overall, we reveal a critical control node defining nociceptive terminal structure, which is regulating nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Dey
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Omer Barkai
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Irena Gokhman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sapir Suissa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rebecca Haffner-Krausz
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Noa Wigoda
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Andrew Kovalenko
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Binshtok
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avraham Yaron
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Zhao X, Chen T, Fu B, Fu Z, Xu K, Zhou W. Mutations obstructing ATP's emplacement in KIF2A nucleotide-binding pocket causes parenchymal malformations, motor developmental delay, with intellectual disability. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2225. [PMID: 37331001 PMCID: PMC10568378 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KIF2A-related tubulinopathy (MIM: #615411) is a very rare disorder that was clinically characterized as microcephaly, epilepsy, motor developmental disorder (MDD), and various malformations of cortical development, but intellectual disability (ID) or global developmental delay (GDD) was rarely reported in the patients. METHODS Quad whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the proband, the older brother, and their parents. Sanger sequencing was used to verify the candidate gene variant. RESULTS The proband, a 23-month-old boy, was previously diagnosed with GDD, and his brother, aged nine years, had ID; both were born to a healthy couple. Quad-WES detected a novel heterozygous KIF2A variant, c.1318G>A (p.G440R), in both the brothers but not in the parents. In-silico analysis revealed that the variants G440R and G318R (which were previously reported in the only reported patient with GDD) lead to markedly enlarged side chains and hinder ATP's emplacement in the NBD pocket. CONCLUSIONS The type of KIF2A variants that sterically hinder ATP emplacing in KIF2A NBD pocket may be associated with the intellectual disability phenotype; however, further studies are needed. Findings in this case also suggest a rare parental germline mosaicism of KIF2A G440R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Zhao
- Department of Pediatricsthe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Children's RehabilitationHainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)HaikouChina
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of NeurologyHainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)HaikouChina
| | - Binsha Fu
- Department of Children's RehabilitationHainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)HaikouChina
| | - Zhifu Fu
- Department of Children's RehabilitationHainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)HaikouChina
| | - Kaishou Xu
- Department of RehabilitationGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center/National Children's Medical Center for South Central RegionGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pediatricsthe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Neonatal Intensive Care UnitGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center/National Children's Medical Center for South Central RegionGuangzhouChina
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Zhang S, Tu Q, Qian X, Wang J, Ma C, Yang L, Liu Y, Wu R, Liu M. Deficiency of Kif15 gene inhibits tumor growth due to host CD8 +T lymphocytes increase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 655:110-117. [PMID: 36934586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Kif15, also name kinesin-12, is a microtubule (MT) associate protein, which functions as a regulator of MT-dependent transport or spindle organization. Previous studies reported Kif15 increases in many tumors, however the effect of host Kif15 gene lack on tumor growth is not investigated. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated Kif15 gene knockout (Kif15-/-) mice were established and HE (Hematoxylin-Eosin) assay revealed no significant differences of morphology in most adult tissues (heart, liver, lung, kidney, and brain) except a retarded development of spleen in adult Kif15-/- mice. RNA sequence analysis of adult spleen tissues of Kif15-/- and Kif15+/+ mice was performed, and the results revealed that a total of 438 mRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in Kif15 knockout spleen, showing the top biological process was immune system process. FCM (Flow Cytometry) assay showed the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes notably increased in spleens of 9 w and 12 w old Kif15-/- mice. The CD8+ T lymphocytes are cytotoxic effector cells fighting against tumor. We thus detected the tumor growth in Kif15-/- mice using the melanoma cells inoculated subcutaneously. The tumor size significantly reduced in Kif15-/- mice. We finally detected whether Kif15 dysfunction affects the phagocytic function of macrophages on tumor cells, and the result showed Kif15 inhibitor treated macrophages significantly promoted the phagocytosis in vitro. In summary, this study revealed that the tumor-bearing mice of Kif15 gene deficiency notably inhibited tumor growth due to innate immune activation, which was the first report of the relation of Kif15 on the immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China; Cancer Research Center Nantong, Nantong Tumor Hospital & Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qifeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China
| | - Xiaowei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China
| | - Junpei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China.
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, China.
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Ruiz-Reig N, García-Sánchez D, Schakman O, Gailly P, Tissir F. Inhibitory synapse dysfunction and epileptic susceptibility associated with KIF2A deletion in cortical interneurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1110986. [PMID: 36733270 PMCID: PMC9887042 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malformation of cortical development (MCD) is a family of neurodevelopmental disorders, which usually manifest with intellectual disability and early-life epileptic seizures. Mutations in genes encoding microtubules (MT) and MT-associated proteins are one of the most frequent causes of MCD in humans. KIF2A is an atypical kinesin that depolymerizes MT in ATP-dependent manner and regulates MT dynamics. In humans, single de novo mutations in KIF2A are associated with MCD with epileptic seizures, posterior pachygyria, microcephaly, and partial agenesis of corpus callosum. In this study, we conditionally ablated KIF2A in forebrain inhibitory neurons and assessed its role in development and function of inhibitory cortical circuits. We report that adult mice with specific deletion of KIF2A in GABAergic interneurons display abnormal behavior and increased susceptibility to epilepsy. KIF2A is essential for tangential migration of cortical interneurons, their positioning in the cerebral cortex, and for formation of inhibitory synapses in vivo. Our results shed light on how KIF2A deregulation triggers functional alterations in neuronal circuitries and contributes to epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,*Correspondence: Nuria Ruiz-Reig, Fadel Tissir, ;
| | | | - Olivier Schakman
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar,*Correspondence: Nuria Ruiz-Reig, Fadel Tissir, ;
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9
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Hoff KJ, Neumann AJ, Moore JK. The molecular biology of tubulinopathies: Understanding the impact of variants on tubulin structure and microtubule regulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1023267. [PMID: 36406756 PMCID: PMC9666403 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1023267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous, missense mutations in both α- and β-tubulin genes have been linked to an array of neurodevelopment disorders, commonly referred to as "tubulinopathies." To date, tubulinopathy mutations have been identified in three β-tubulin isotypes and one α-tubulin isotype. These mutations occur throughout the different genetic domains and protein structures of these tubulin isotypes, and the field is working to address how this molecular-level diversity results in different cellular and tissue-level pathologies. Studies from many groups have focused on elucidating the consequences of individual mutations; however, the field lacks comprehensive models for the molecular etiology of different types of tubulinopathies, presenting a major gap in diagnosis and treatment. This review highlights recent advances in understanding tubulin structural dynamics, the roles microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) play in microtubule regulation, and how these are inextricably linked. We emphasize the value of investigating interactions between tubulin structures, microtubules, and MAPs to understand and predict the impact of tubulinopathy mutations at the cell and tissue levels. Microtubule regulation is multifaceted and provides a complex set of controls for generating a functional cytoskeleton at the right place and right time during neurodevelopment. Understanding how tubulinopathy mutations disrupt distinct subsets of those controls, and how that ultimately disrupts neurodevelopment, will be important for establishing mechanistic themes among tubulinopathies that may lead to insights in other neurodevelopment disorders and normal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey K. Moore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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10
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Grignard J, Lamamy V, Vermersch E, Delagrange P, Stephan JP, Dorval T, Fages F. Mathematical modeling of the microtubule detyrosination/tyrosination cycle for cell-based drug screening design. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010236. [PMID: 35759459 PMCID: PMC9236252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules and their post-translational modifications are involved in major cellular processes. In severe diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, tyrosinated tubulin and tyrosinated microtubules are in lower concentration. We present here a mechanistic mathematical model of the microtubule tyrosination cycle combining computational modeling and high-content image analyses to understand the key kinetic parameters governing the tyrosination status in different cellular models. That mathematical model is parameterized, firstly, for neuronal cells using kinetic values taken from the literature, and, secondly, for proliferative cells, by a change of two parameter values obtained, and shown minimal, by a continuous optimization procedure based on temporal logic constraints to formalize experimental high-content imaging data. In both cases, the mathematical models explain the inability to increase the tyrosination status by activating the Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase enzyme. The tyrosinated tubulin is indeed the product of a chain of two reactions in the cycle: the detyrosinated microtubule depolymerization followed by its tyrosination. The tyrosination status at equilibrium is thus limited by both reaction rates and activating the tyrosination reaction alone is not effective. Our computational model also predicts the effect of inhibiting the Tubulin Carboxy Peptidase enzyme which we have experimentally validated in MEF cellular model. Furthermore, the model predicts that the activation of two particular kinetic parameters, the tyrosination and detyrosinated microtubule depolymerization rate constants, in synergy, should suffice to enable an increase of the tyrosination status in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Grignard
- Pole of Activity Data Sciences and Data Management, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
- * E-mail: (JG); (TD); (FF)
| | - Véronique Lamamy
- Pole of Activity Cellular Sciences, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Eva Vermersch
- Pole of Activity Cellular Sciences, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Therapeutic Area Neuropsychiatry and Immunoinflammation, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Stephan
- In Vitro Pharmacology Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Thierry Dorval
- Pole of Activity Data Sciences and Data Management, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
- * E-mail: (JG); (TD); (FF)
| | - François Fages
- Team Project Lifeware, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, Inria Saclay, Palaiseau, France
- * E-mail: (JG); (TD); (FF)
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11
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Yao M, Qu H, Han Y, Cheng CY, Xiao X. Kinesins in Mammalian Spermatogenesis and Germ Cell Transport. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:837542. [PMID: 35547823 PMCID: PMC9083010 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.837542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian testes, the apical cytoplasm of each Sertoli cell holds up to several dozens of germ cells, especially spermatids that are transported up and down the seminiferous epithelium. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) established by neighboring Sertoli cells in the basal compartment restructures on a regular basis to allow preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes to pass through. The timely transfer of germ cells and other cellular organelles such as residual bodies, phagosomes, and lysosomes across the epithelium to facilitate spermatogenesis is important and requires the microtubule-based cytoskeleton in Sertoli cells. Kinesins, a superfamily of the microtubule-dependent motor proteins, are abundantly and preferentially expressed in the testis, but their functions are poorly understood. This review summarizes recent findings on kinesins in mammalian spermatogenesis, highlighting their potential role in germ cell traversing through the BTB and the remodeling of Sertoli cell-spermatid junctions to advance spermatid transport. The possibility of kinesins acting as a mediator and/or synchronizer for cell cycle progression, germ cell transit, and junctional rearrangement and turnover is also discussed. We mostly cover findings in rodents, but we also make special remarks regarding humans. We anticipate that this information will provide a framework for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Yao
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Qu
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Han
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Akhmanova A, Kapitein LC. Mechanisms of microtubule organization in differentiated animal cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:541-558. [PMID: 35383336 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are polarized cytoskeletal filaments that serve as tracks for intracellular transport and form a scaffold that positions organelles and other cellular components and modulates cell shape and mechanics. In animal cells, the geometry, density and directionality of microtubule networks are major determinants of cellular architecture, polarity and proliferation. In dividing cells, microtubules form bipolar spindles that pull chromosomes apart, whereas in interphase cells, microtubules are organized in a cell type-specific fashion, which strongly correlates with cell physiology. In motile cells, such as fibroblasts and immune cells, microtubules are organized as radial asters, whereas in immotile epithelial and neuronal cells and in muscles, microtubules form parallel or antiparallel arrays and cortical meshworks. Here, we review recent work addressing how the formation of such microtubule networks is driven by the plethora of microtubule regulatory proteins. These include proteins that nucleate or anchor microtubule ends at different cellular structures and those that sever or move microtubules, as well as regulators of microtubule elongation, stability, bundling or modifications. The emerging picture, although still very incomplete, shows a remarkable diversity of cell-specific mechanisms that employ conserved building blocks to adjust microtubule organization in order to facilitate different cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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13
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Tavares S, Liv N, Pasolli M, Opdam M, Rätze MAK, Saornil M, Sluimer LM, Hengeveld RCC, van Es R, van Werkhoven E, Vos H, Rehmann H, Burgering BMT, Oosterkamp HM, Lens SMA, Klumperman J, Linn SC, Derksen PWB. FER regulates endosomal recycling and is a predictor for adjuvant taxane benefit in breast cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110584. [PMID: 35385742 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of non-receptor tyrosine kinase FER is an independent prognosticator that correlates with poor survival of high-grade and basal/triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Here, we show that high FER levels are also associated with improved outcomes after adjuvant taxane-based combination chemotherapy in high-risk, HER2-negative patients. In TNBC cells, we observe a causal relation between high FER levels and sensitivity to taxanes. Proteomics and mechanistic studies demonstrate that FER regulates endosomal recycling, a microtubule-dependent process that underpins breast cancer cell invasion. Using chemical genetics, we identify DCTN2 as a FER substrate. Our work indicates that the DCTN2 tyrosine 6 is essential for the development of tubular recycling domains in early endosomes and subsequent propagation of TNBC cell invasion in 3D. In conclusion, we show that high FER expression promotes endosomal recycling and represents a candidate predictive marker for the benefit of adjuvant taxane-containing chemotherapy in high-risk patients, including TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tavares
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Pasolli
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Opdam
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max A K Rätze
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel Saornil
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lilian M Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger C C Hengeveld
- Oncode Institute, Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert van Es
- Oncode Institute, Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik van Werkhoven
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harmjan Vos
- Oncode Institute, Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Rehmann
- Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Germany
| | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Oncode Institute, Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrika M Oosterkamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, 2501 CK The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A Lens
- Oncode Institute, Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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14
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Zheng R, Du Y, Wang X, Liao T, Zhang Z, Wang N, Li X, Shen Y, Shi L, Luo J, Xia J, Wang Z, Xu J. KIF2C regulates synaptic plasticity and cognition in mice through dynamic microtubule depolymerization. eLife 2022; 11:72483. [PMID: 35138249 PMCID: PMC8828051 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic microtubules play a critical role in cell structure and function. In nervous system, microtubules are the major route for cargo protein trafficking and they specially extend into and out of synapses to regulate synaptic development and plasticity. However, the detailed depolymerization mechanism that regulates dynamic microtubules in synapses and dendrites is still unclear. In this study, we find that KIF2C, a dynamic microtubule depolymerization protein without known function in the nervous system, plays a pivotal role in the structural and functional plasticity of synapses and regulates cognitive function in mice. Through its microtubule depolymerization capability, KIF2C regulates microtubule dynamics in dendrites, and regulates microtubule invasion of spines in neurons in a neuronal activity-dependent manner. Using RNAi knockdown and conditional knockout approaches, we showed that KIF2C regulates spine morphology and synaptic membrane expression of AMPA receptors. Moreover, KIF2C deficiency leads to impaired excitatory transmission, long-term potentiation, and altered cognitive behaviors in mice. Collectively, our study explores a novel function of KIF2C in the nervous system and provides an important regulatory mechanism on how activity-dependent microtubule dynamic regulates synaptic plasticity and cognition behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonglan Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xintai Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tailin Liao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiumao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Physiology and Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University, Guanzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Division of Life Science and The Brain and Intelligence Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Innovative Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Zhejiang University (Yuhang), Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Antony A, Ng N, Lauto A, Coorssen JR, Myers SJ. Calcium-Mediated Calpain Activation and Microtubule Dissociation in Cell Model of Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type-1 Expressing V144D SPTLC1 Mutation. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:225-234. [PMID: 34986032 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1A (HSN1A) is an autosomal, dominantly inherited peripheral neuropathy caused by mutations in serine palmitoyl transferase long chain 1 (SPTLC1), involved in the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. We have previously reported calcium imbalance, as well as mitochondrial and ER stress in both HSN1 patient lymphoblasts and a transiently transfected cell model. In this study, we investigated the role of the Ca2+-activated protease calpain in destabilizing the cell cytoskeleton, by examining calpain activity in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing the V144D mutant and changes in microtubule-associated proteins (MAP). Intramitochondrial Ca2+ was found to be significantly depleted and cytoplasmic Ca2+ increased in the V144D mutant. Subsequently, calpain and proteasome activity were increased and calpain substrates, microtubule associated proteins MAP2, and tau were significantly reduced in the microtubule fraction of the mutant. Significant changes were also found in motor proteins dynein and KIF2A detected in the microtubule fraction of cells overexpressing the V144D mutation. There was also a reduction in anterograde and retrograde mitochondrial transport velocities in the V144D mutant. These findings strongly implicate cytoskeletal aberration caused by Ca2+ dysregulation and subsequent loss of microtubule transport functions as the cause of axonal dying back that is characteristic of HSN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Antony
- Neuro-Cell Biology Laboratory and Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Neville Ng
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Keiraville, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,Department of Health Sciences and Biological Sciences, Faculties of Applied Health Sciences and Mathematics & Science, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon J Myers
- Neuro-Cell Biology Laboratory and Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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16
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Sanyal C, Pietsch N, Ramirez Rios S, Peris L, Carrier L, Moutin MJ. The detyrosination/re-tyrosination cycle of tubulin and its role and dysfunction in neurons and cardiomyocytes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 137:46-62. [PMID: 34924330 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the variety of post-translational modifications to which microtubules are subjected, the detyrosination/re-tyrosination cycle is specific to tubulin. It is conserved by evolution and characterized by the enzymatic removal and re-addition of a gene-encoded tyrosine residue at the C-terminus of α-tubulin. Detyrosinated tubulin can be further converted to Δ2-tubulin by the removal of an additional C-terminal glutamate residue. Detyrosinated and Δ2-tubulin are carried by stable microtubules whereas tyrosinated microtubules are present on dynamic polymers. The cycle regulates trafficking of many cargo transporting molecular motors and is linked to the microtubule dynamics via regulation of microtubule interactions with specific cellular effectors such as kinesin-13. Here, we give an historical overview of the general features discovered for the cycle. We highlight the recent progress toward structure and functioning of the enzymes that keep the levels of tyrosinated and detyrosinated tubulin in cells, the long-known tubulin tyrosine ligase and the recently discovered vasohibin-SVBP complexes. We further describe how the cycle controls microtubule functions in healthy neurons and cardiomyocytes and how deregulations of the cycle are involved in dysfunctions of these highly differentiated cells, leading to neurodegeneration and heart failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadni Sanyal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Niels Pietsch
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sacnicte Ramirez Rios
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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17
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Sánchez-Huertas C, Herrera E. With the Permission of Microtubules: An Updated Overview on Microtubule Function During Axon Pathfinding. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:759404. [PMID: 34924953 PMCID: PMC8675249 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.759404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the establishment of neural circuitry axons often need to cover long distances to reach remote targets. The stereotyped navigation of these axons defines the connectivity between brain regions and cellular subtypes. This chemotrophic guidance process mostly relies on the spatio-temporal expression patterns of extracellular proteins and the selective expression of their receptors in projection neurons. Axon guidance is stimulated by guidance proteins and implemented by neuronal traction forces at the growth cones, which engage local cytoskeleton regulators and cell adhesion proteins. Different layers of guidance signaling regulation, such as the cleavage and processing of receptors, the expression of co-receptors and a wide variety of intracellular cascades downstream of receptors activation, have been progressively unveiled. Also, in the last decades, the regulation of microtubule (MT) assembly, stability and interactions with the submembranous actin network in the growth cone have emerged as crucial effector mechanisms in axon pathfinding. In this review, we will delve into the intracellular signaling cascades downstream of guidance receptors that converge on the MT cytoskeleton of the growing axon. In particular, we will focus on the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) network responsible of MT dynamics in the axon and growth cone. Complementarily, we will discuss new evidences that connect defects in MT scaffold proteins, MAPs or MT-based motors and axon misrouting during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez-Huertas
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
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18
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Hakanen J, Parmentier N, Sommacal L, Garcia-Sanchez D, Aittaleb M, Vertommen D, Zhou L, Ruiz-Reig N, Tissir F. The Celsr3-Kif2a axis directs neuronal migration in the postnatal brain. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 208:102177. [PMID: 34582949 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The tangential migration of immature neurons in the postnatal brain involves consecutive migration cycles and depends on constant remodeling of the cell cytoskeleton, particularly in the leading process (LP). Despite the identification of several proteins with permissive and empowering functions, the mechanisms that specify the direction of migration remain largely unknown. Here, we report that planar cell polarity protein Celsr3 orients neuroblasts migration from the subventricular zone (SVZ) to olfactory bulb (OB). In Celsr3-forebrain conditional knockout mice, neuroblasts loose directionality and few can reach the OB. Celsr3-deficient neuroblasts exhibit aberrant branching of LP, de novo LP formation, and decreased growth rate of microtubules (MT). Mechanistically, we show that Celsr3 interacts physically with Kif2a, a MT depolymerizing protein and that conditional inactivation of Kif2a in the forebrain recapitulates the Celsr3 knockout phenotype. Our findings provide evidence that Celsr3 and Kif2a cooperatively specify the directionality of neuroblasts tangential migration in the postnatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Hakanen
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Parmentier
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonie Sommacal
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dario Garcia-Sanchez
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Aittaleb
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Didier Vertommen
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Massprot Platform, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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19
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Yang Y, Gao L, Weng NN, Li JJ, Liu JL, Zhou Y, Liao R, Xiong QL, Xu YF, Varela-Ramirez A, Zhu Q. Identification of Novel Molecular Therapeutic Targets and Their Potential Prognostic Biomarkers Among Kinesin Superfamily of Proteins in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:708900. [PMID: 34557409 PMCID: PMC8454465 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.708900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kinesin superfamily of proteins (KIFs) has been broadly reported to play an indispensable role in the biological process. Recently, emerging evidence reveals its oncogenic role in various cancers. However, the prognostic, oncological, and immunological values of KIFs have not been comprehensively explored in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. We aimed to illustrate the relationship between KIFs and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by using bioinformatical analysis. Methods We use GEPIA, Oncomine datasets, cBioPortal, LOGpc, TIMER, and STRING bioinformatics tools and web servers to investigate the aberrant expression, prognostic values, and oncogenic role of KIFs. The two-gene prognostic model and the correlation between KIFs and KRAS and TP53 mutation were performed using an R-based computational framework. Results Our results demonstrated that KIFC1/2C/4A/11/14/15/18A/18B/20B/23 (we name it prognosis-related KIFs) were upregulated and associated with unfavorable clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer patients. KIF21B overexpression is associated with better clinical outcome. The KIFC1/2C/4A/11/14/15/18A/18B/20B/23 profiles were significantly increased compared to grade 1 and grade 2/3. Besides, KIFC1/2C/4A/11/14/15/18A/18B/20B/23 was significantly associated with the mutation status of KRAS and TP53.Notably, most prognosis-related KIFs have strong correlations with tumor growth and myeloid-derived suppressor cells infiltration (MDSCs). A prognostic signature based on KIF20B and KIF21B showed a reliable predictive performance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to assess the predictive power of two-gene signature. Consequently, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that KIF20B and KIF21B’s overexpression was associated with the immunological and oncogenic pathway activation in pancreatic cancer. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was utilized to investigate the expression pattern of KIF20B and KIF21B in pancreatic cancer cell lines and normal pancreatic cell. Conclusions Knowledge of the expression level of the KIFs may provide novel therapeutic molecular targets and potential prognostic biomarkers to pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanyang Gao
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ning-Na Weng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Jun Li
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Lu Liu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Liao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun-Li Xiong
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Feng Xu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Parcerisas A, Ortega-Gascó A, Pujadas L, Soriano E. The Hidden Side of NCAM Family: NCAM2, a Key Cytoskeleton Organization Molecule Regulating Multiple Neural Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10021. [PMID: 34576185 PMCID: PMC8471948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been over 20 years since Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 2 (NCAM2) was identified as the second member of the NCAM family with a high expression in the nervous system, the knowledge of NCAM2 is still eclipsed by NCAM1. The first studies with NCAM2 focused on the olfactory bulb, where this protein has a key role in axonal projection and axonal/dendritic compartmentalization. In contrast to NCAM1, NCAM2's functions and partners in the brain during development and adulthood have remained largely unknown until not long ago. Recent studies have revealed the importance of NCAM2 in nervous system development. NCAM2 governs neuronal morphogenesis and axodendritic architecture, and controls important neuron-specific processes such as neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis and memory formation. In the adult brain, NCAM2 is highly expressed in dendritic spines, and it regulates synaptic plasticity and learning processes. NCAM2's functions are related to its ability to adapt to the external inputs of the cell and to modify the cytoskeleton accordingly. Different studies show that NCAM2 interacts with proteins involved in cytoskeleton stability and proteins that regulate calcium influx, which could also modify the cytoskeleton. In this review, we examine the evidence that points to NCAM2 as a crucial cytoskeleton regulation protein during brain development and adulthood. This key function of NCAM2 may offer promising new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodevelopmental diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Parcerisas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alba Ortega-Gascó
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Wnt signaling recruits KIF2A to the spindle to ensure chromosome congression and alignment during mitosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108145118. [PMID: 34417301 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108145118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling plays critical roles in development and tissue renewal by regulating β-catenin target genes. Recent evidence showed that β-catenin-independent Wnt signaling is also required for faithful execution of mitosis. However, the targets and specific functions of mitotic Wnt signaling still remain uncharacterized. Using phosphoproteomics, we identified that Wnt signaling regulates the microtubule depolymerase KIF2A during mitosis. We found that Dishevelled recruits KIF2A via its N-terminal and motor domains, which is further promoted upon LRP6 signalosome formation during cell division. We show that Wnt signaling modulates KIF2A interaction with PLK1, which is critical for KIF2A localization at the spindle. Accordingly, inhibition of basal Wnt signaling leads to chromosome misalignment in somatic cells and pluripotent stem cells. We propose that Wnt signaling monitors KIF2A activity at the spindle poles during mitosis to ensure timely chromosome alignment. Our findings highlight a function of Wnt signaling during cell division, which could have important implications for genome maintenance, notably in stem cells.
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22
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Modeling Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy Caused by Loss of Function of kif2a in Zebrafish. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0055-21.2021. [PMID: 34404749 PMCID: PMC8425962 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0055-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been extensive research on malformations of cortical development (MCDs) that result in clinical features like developmental delay, intellectual disability, and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Various studies highlighted the contribution of microtubule-associated genes (including tubulin and kinesin encoding genes) in MCD development. It has been reported that de novo mutations in KIF2A, a member of the kinesin-13 family, are linked to brain malformations and DRE. Although it is known that KIF2A functions by regulating microtubule depolymerization via an ATP-driven process, in vivo implications of KIF2A loss of function remain partly unclear. Here, we present a novel kif2a knock-out zebrafish model, showing hypoactivity, habituation deficits, pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure susceptibility and microcephaly, as well as neuronal cell proliferation defects and increased apoptosis. Interestingly, kif2a−/− larvae survived until adulthood and were fertile. Notably, our kif2a zebrafish knock-out model demonstrated many phenotypic similarities to KIF2A mouse models. This study provides valuable insights into the functional importance of kif2a in zebrafish and phenotypical hallmarks related to KIF2A mutations. Ultimately, this model could be used in a future search for more effective therapies that alleviate the clinical symptoms typically associated with MCDs.
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23
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Regulation of microtubule dynamics, mechanics and function through the growing tip. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:777-795. [PMID: 34408299 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule dynamics and their control are essential for the normal function and division of all eukaryotic cells. This plethora of functions is, in large part, supported by dynamic microtubule tips, which can bind to various intracellular targets, generate mechanical forces and couple with actin microfilaments. Here, we review progress in the understanding of microtubule assembly and dynamics, focusing on new information about the structure of microtubule tips. First, we discuss evidence for the widely accepted GTP cap model of microtubule dynamics. Next, we address microtubule dynamic instability in the context of structural information about assembly intermediates at microtubule tips. Three currently discussed models of microtubule assembly and dynamics are reviewed. These are considered in the context of established facts and recent data, which suggest that some long-held views must be re-evaluated. Finally, we review structural observations about the tips of microtubules in cells and describe their implications for understanding the mechanisms of microtubule regulation by associated proteins, by mechanical forces and by microtubule-targeting drugs, prominently including cancer chemotherapeutics.
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24
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Gilet JG, Ivanova EL, Trofimova D, Rudolf G, Meziane H, Broix L, Drouot N, Courraud J, Skory V, Voulleminot P, Osipenko M, Bahi-Buisson N, Yalcin B, Birling MC, Hinckelmann MV, Kwok BH, Allingham JS, Chelly J. Conditional switching of KIF2A mutation provides new insights into cortical malformation pathogeny. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:766-784. [PMID: 31919497 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
By using the Cre-mediated genetic switch technology, we were able to successfully generate a conditional knock-in mouse, bearing the KIF2A p.His321Asp missense point variant, identified in a subject with malformations of cortical development. These mice present with neuroanatomical anomalies and microcephaly associated with behavioral deficiencies and susceptibility to epilepsy, correlating with the described human phenotype. Using the flexibility of this model, we investigated RosaCre-, NestinCre- and NexCre-driven expression of the mutation to dissect the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental cortical abnormalities. We show that the expression of the p.His321Asp pathogenic variant increases apoptosis and causes abnormal multipolar to bipolar transition in newborn neurons, providing therefore insights to better understand cortical organization and brain growth defects that characterize KIF2A-related human disorders. We further demonstrate that the observed cellular phenotypes are likely to be linked to deficiency in the microtubule depolymerizing function of KIF2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan G Gilet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Ekaterina L Ivanova
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Daria Trofimova
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Rudolf
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Hamid Meziane
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Loic Broix
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Drouot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Jeremie Courraud
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Valerie Skory
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Paul Voulleminot
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Osipenko
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Maria-Victoria Hinckelmann
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- Département de médecine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Service de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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25
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Puri D, Ponniah K, Biswas K, Basu A, Dey S, Lundquist EA, Ghosh-Roy A. Wnt signaling establishes the microtubule polarity in neurons through regulation of Kinesin-13. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212396. [PMID: 34137792 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal polarization is facilitated by the formation of axons with parallel arrays of plus-end-out and dendrites with the nonuniform orientation of microtubules. In C. elegans, the posterior lateral microtubule (PLM) neuron is bipolar with its two processes growing along the anterior-posterior axis under the guidance of Wnt signaling. Here we found that loss of the Kinesin-13 family microtubule-depolymerizing enzyme KLP-7 led to the ectopic extension of axon-like processes from the PLM cell body. Live imaging of the microtubules and axonal transport revealed mixed polarity of the microtubules in the short posterior process, which is dependent on both KLP-7 and the minus-end binding protein PTRN-1. KLP-7 is positively regulated in the posterior process by planar cell polarity components of Wnt involving rho-1/rock to induce mixed polarity of microtubules, whereas it is negatively regulated in the anterior process by the unc-73/ced-10 cascade to establish a uniform microtubule polarity. Our work elucidates how evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling establishes the microtubule polarity in neurons through Kinesin-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Puri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Keerthana Ponniah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Kasturi Biswas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Atrayee Basu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Swagata Dey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Erik A Lundquist
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Anindya Ghosh-Roy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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26
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Gao H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Lin X. KIF2A regulates ovarian development via modulating cell cycle progression and vitollogenin levels. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:165-175. [PMID: 33251618 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The kinesin superfamily of proteins (KIFs) are microtubule motor proteins that use the hydrolysis of ATP to power directional movement along microtubules. KIFs induce microtubule depolymerization to regulate the length and dynamics of microtubules in a variety of cell processes and structures, including the mitotic and meiotic spindles and centriole and interphase microtubules. KIF plays a significant role in the transport of organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is a major insect pest in rice paddy fields. Ovarian development is regulated by multiple factors, including endocrine factors. The role of KIFs in brown planthopper ovarian development remains unknown. We found that downregulation of KIF2A significantly compromised the development and eclosion of the brown planthopper, delayed ovarian cell cycle progression, disrupted ovarian development, reduced the expression of MCM genes required for DNA replication and significantly reduced the number of nuclei in the follicles. We also found a significant reduction in Vg mRNA and protein levels. We conclude that downregulation of KIF2A disrupts the cell cycle progression of cells. Alternatively, the ovarian phenotype could be an indirect effect of a compromised trophic cord. In summary, KIF2A regulates ovarian development via modulating cell cycle progression and/or vitollogenin transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gao
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Lin
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Chen K, Yang R, Li Y, Zhou JC, Zhang M. Giant ankyrin-B suppresses stochastic collateral axon branching through direct interaction with microtubules. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151929. [PMID: 32640013 PMCID: PMC7401806 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant ankyrin-B (gAnkB) is a 440-kD neurospecific ankyrin-B isoform and a high-confidence target for autism mutations. gAnkB suppresses axon branching through coordination of cortical microtubules, and autism-related mutation of gAnkB results in ectopic neuronal connectivity. We identified a bipartite motif from gAnkB, which bundles and avidly binds to microtubules in vitro. This motif is composed of a module of 15 tandem repeats followed by a short, conserved fragment also found in giant ankyrin-G (BG-box). Combination of these two parts synergistically increases microtubule-binding avidity. Transfection of astrocytes (which lack gAnkB) with WT gAnkB resulted in prominent bundling of microtubules, which did not occur with mutant gAnkB with impaired microtubule-binding activity. Similarly, rescue of gAnkB-deficient neurons with WT gAnkB suppressed axonal branching and invasion of EB3-tagged microtubules into filopodia, which did not occur with the same mutant gAnkB. Together, these findings demonstrate that gAnkB suppresses axon collateral branching and prevents microtubule invasion of nascent axon branches through direct interaction with microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Yubing Li
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Chuan Zhou
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Akkaya C, Atak D, Kamacioglu A, Akarlar BA, Guner G, Bayam E, Taskin AC, Ozlu N, Ince-Dunn G. Roles of developmentally regulated KIF2A alternative isoforms in cortical neuron migration and differentiation. Development 2021; 148:dev.192674. [PMID: 33531432 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
KIF2A is a kinesin motor protein with essential roles in neural progenitor division and axonal pruning during brain development. However, how different KIF2A alternative isoforms function during development of the cerebral cortex is not known. Here, we focus on three Kif2a isoforms expressed in the developing cortex. We show that Kif2a is essential for dendritic arborization in mice and that the functions of all three isoforms are sufficient for this process. Interestingly, only two of the isoforms can sustain radial migration of cortical neurons; a third isoform, lacking a key N-terminal region, is ineffective. By proximity-based interactome mapping for individual isoforms, we identify previously known KIF2A interactors, proteins localized to the mitotic spindle poles and, unexpectedly, also translation factors, ribonucleoproteins and proteins that are targeted to organelles, prominently to the mitochondria. In addition, we show that a KIF2A mutation, which causes brain malformations in humans, has extensive changes to its proximity-based interactome, with depletion of mitochondrial proteins identified in the wild-type KIF2A interactome. Our data raises new insights about the importance of alternative splice variants during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Akkaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dila Atak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Altug Kamacioglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Aytul Akarlar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Guner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Efil Bayam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Cihan Taskin
- Embryo Manipulation Laboratory, Animal Research Facility, Translational Medicine Research Center, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Ozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulayse Ince-Dunn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey .,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Richards LA, Schonhoff CM. Nitric oxide and sex differences in dendritic branching and arborization. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1390-1400. [PMID: 33538046 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule with many functions in the nervous system. Derived from the enzymatic conversion of arginine by several nitric oxide synthases (NOS), NO plays significant roles in neuronal developmental events such as the establishment of dendritic branching or arbors. A brief summary of the discovery, molecular biology, and chemistry of NO, and a description of important NO-mediated signal transduction pathways with emphasis on the role for NO in the development of dendritic branching during neurodevelopment are presented. Important sex differences in neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression during neuronal development are considered. Finally, a survey of endogenous and exogenous substances that disrupt dendritic patterning is presented with particular emphasis on how these molecules may drive NO-mediated sex differences in dendritic branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Richards
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Schonhoff
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
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30
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Hatano M, Fukushima H, Ohto T, Ueno Y, Saeki S, Enokizono T, Tanaka R, Tanaka M, Imagawa K, Kanai Y, Kato M, Shiraku H, Suzuki H, Uehara T, Takenouchi T, Kosaki K, Takada H. Variants in KIF2A cause broad clinical presentation; the computational structural analysis of a novel variant in a patient with a cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 3. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1113-1119. [PMID: 33506645 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 3 (CDCBM3) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome caused by Kinesin family Member 2A (KIF2A) gene mutation. Patients with CDCBM3 exhibit posterior dominant agyria/pachygyria with severe motor dysfunction. Here, we report an 8-year-old boy with CDCBM3 showing a typical, but relatively mild, clinical presentation of CDCBM3 features. Whole-exome sequencing identified a heterozygous mutation of NM_001098511.2:c.1298C>A [p.(Ser433Tyr)]. To our knowledge, the mutation has never been reported previously. The variant was located distal to the nucleotide binding domain (NBD), in which previously-reported variants in CDCBM3 patients have been located. The computational structural analysis showed the p.433 forms the pocket with NBD. Variants in KIF2A have been reported in the NBD for CDCBM3, in the kinesin motor 3 domain, but not in the NBD in epilepsy, and outside of the kinesin motor domain in autism spectrum syndrome, respectively. Our patient has a variant, that is not in the NBD but at the pocket with the NBD, resulting in a clinical features of CDCBM3 with mild symptoms. The clinical findings of patients with KIF2A variants appear restricted to the central nervous system and facial anomalies. We can call this spectrum "KIF2A syndrome" with variable severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Hatano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fukushima
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Ohto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ueno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saki Saeki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Enokizono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryuta Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mai Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Imagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yu Kanai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiraku
- Department of Pediatrics, JA Toride Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uehara
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Takada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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31
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Joseph NF, Swarnkar S, Puthanveettil SV. Double Duty: Mitotic Kinesins and Their Post-Mitotic Functions in Neurons. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010136. [PMID: 33445569 PMCID: PMC7827351 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons, regarded as post-mitotic cells, are characterized by their extensive dendritic and axonal arborization. This unique architecture imposes challenges to how to supply materials required at distal neuronal components. Kinesins are molecular motor proteins that mediate the active delivery of cellular materials along the microtubule cytoskeleton for facilitating the local biochemical and structural changes at the synapse. Recent studies have made intriguing observations that some kinesins that function during neuronal mitosis also have a critical role in post-mitotic neurons. However, we know very little about the function and regulation of such kinesins. Here, we summarize the known cellular and biochemical functions of mitotic kinesins in post-mitotic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine F. Joseph
- The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
| | - Supriya Swarnkar
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
| | - Sathyanarayanan V Puthanveettil
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-561-228-3504; Fax: +1-568-228-2249
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32
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Konjikusic MJ, Gray RS, Wallingford JB. The developmental biology of kinesins. Dev Biol 2021; 469:26-36. [PMID: 32961118 PMCID: PMC10916746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins are microtubule-based motor proteins that are well known for their key roles in cell biological processes ranging from cell division, to intracellular transport of mRNAs, proteins, vesicles, and organelles, and microtubule disassembly. Interestingly, many of the ~45 distinct kinesin genes in vertebrate genomes have also been associated with specific phenotypes in embryonic development. In this review, we highlight the specific developmental roles of kinesins, link these to cellular roles reported in vitro, and highlight remaining gaps in our understanding of how this large and important family of proteins contributes to the development and morphogenesis of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia J Konjikusic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Ryan S Gray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
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33
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Cáceres A, González JR. Female-specific risk of Alzheimer's disease is associated with tau phosphorylation processes: A transcriptome-wide interaction analysis. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:104-108. [PMID: 32977080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The levels of tau phosphorylation differ between sexes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Transcriptome-wide associations of sex by disease interaction could indicate whether specific genes underlie sex differences in tau pathology; however, no such study has been reported yet. We report the first analysis of the effect of the interaction between disease status and sex on differential gene expression, meta-analyzing transcriptomic data from the 3 largest publicly available case-control studies (N = 785) in the brain to date. A total of 128 genes, significantly associated with sex-AD interactions, were enriched in phosphoproteins (false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.001). High and consistent associations were found for the overexpressions of NCL (FDR = 0.002), whose phosphorylated protein generates an epitope against neurofibrillary tangles and KIF2A (FDR = 0.005), a microtubule-associated motor protein gene. Transcriptome-wide interaction analyses suggest sex-modulated tau phosphorylation, at sites like Thr231, Ser199, or Ser202 that could increase the risk of women to AD and indicate sex-specific strategies for intervention and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cáceres
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan R González
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Mathematics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Guillaud L, El-Agamy SE, Otsuki M, Terenzio M. Anterograde Axonal Transport in Neuronal Homeostasis and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:556175. [PMID: 33071754 PMCID: PMC7531239 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.556175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with an elongated axon that extends far away from the cell body. To maintain their homeostasis, neurons rely extensively on axonal transport of membranous organelles and other molecular complexes. Axonal transport allows for spatio-temporal activation and modulation of numerous molecular cascades, thus playing a central role in the establishment of neuronal polarity, axonal growth and stabilization, and synapses formation. Anterograde and retrograde axonal transport are supported by various molecular motors, such as kinesins and dynein, and a complex microtubule network. In this review article, we will primarily discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying anterograde axonal transport and its role in neuronal development and maturation, including the establishment of functional synaptic connections. We will then provide an overview of the molecular and cellular perturbations that affect axonal transport and are often associated with axonal degeneration. Lastly, we will relate our current understanding of the role of axonal trafficking concerning anterograde trafficking of mRNA and its involvement in the maintenance of the axonal compartment and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Guillaud
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sara Emad El-Agamy
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Miki Otsuki
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Marco Terenzio
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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35
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Moutin MJ, Bosc C, Peris L, Andrieux A. Tubulin post-translational modifications control neuronal development and functions. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:253-272. [PMID: 33325152 PMCID: PMC8246997 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are an essential component of the neuronal cytoskeleton; they are involved in various aspects of neuron development, maintenance, and functions including polarization, synaptic plasticity, and transport. Neuronal MTs are highly heterogeneous due to the presence of multiple tubulin isotypes and extensive post‐translational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs—most notably detyrosination, acetylation, and polyglutamylation—have emerged as important regulators of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton. With this review, we summarize what is currently known about the impact of tubulin PTMs on microtubule dynamics, neuronal differentiation, plasticity, and transport as well as on brain function in normal and pathological conditions, in particular during neuro‐degeneration. The main therapeutic approaches to neuro‐diseases based on the modulation of tubulin PTMs are also summarized. Overall, the review indicates how tubulin PTMs can generate a large number of functionally specialized microtubule sub‐networks, each of which is crucial to specific neuronal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Jo Moutin
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
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36
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Jossin Y. Molecular mechanisms of cell polarity in a range of model systems and in migrating neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 106:103503. [PMID: 32485296 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is defined as the asymmetric distribution of cellular components along an axis. Most cells, from the simplest single-cell organisms to highly specialized mammalian cells, are polarized and use similar mechanisms to generate and maintain polarity. Cell polarity is important for cells to migrate, form tissues, and coordinate activities. During development of the mammalian cerebral cortex, cell polarity is essential for neurogenesis and for the migration of newborn but as-yet undifferentiated neurons. These oriented migrations include both the radial migration of excitatory projection neurons and the tangential migration of inhibitory interneurons. In this review, I will first describe the development of the cerebral cortex, as revealed at the cellular level. I will then define the core molecular mechanisms - the Par/Crb/Scrib polarity complexes, small GTPases, the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, and phosphoinositides/PI3K signaling - that are required for asymmetric cell division, apico-basal and front-rear polarity in model systems, including C elegans zygote, Drosophila embryos and cultured mammalian cells. As I go through each core mechanism I will explain what is known about its importance in radial and tangential migration in the developing mammalian cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Jossin
- Laboratory of Mammalian Development & Cell Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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37
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Mutations in the KIF21B kinesin gene cause neurodevelopmental disorders through imbalanced canonical motor activity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2441. [PMID: 32415109 PMCID: PMC7229210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
KIF21B is a kinesin protein that promotes intracellular transport and controls microtubule dynamics. We report three missense variants and one duplication in KIF21B in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders associated with brain malformations, including corpus callosum agenesis (ACC) and microcephaly. We demonstrate, in vivo, that the expression of KIF21B missense variants specifically recapitulates patients’ neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including microcephaly and reduced intra- and inter-hemispheric connectivity. We establish that missense KIF21B variants impede neuronal migration through attenuation of kinesin autoinhibition leading to aberrant KIF21B motility activity. We also show that the ACC-related KIF21B variant independently perturbs axonal growth and ipsilateral axon branching through two distinct mechanisms, both leading to deregulation of canonical kinesin motor activity. The duplication introduces a premature termination codon leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Although we demonstrate that Kif21b haploinsufficiency leads to an impaired neuronal positioning, the duplication variant might not be pathogenic. Altogether, our data indicate that impaired KIF21B autoregulation and function play a critical role in the pathogenicity of human neurodevelopmental disorder. Kinesins regulate intracellular transport and microtubule dynamics. Here, the authors show that KIF21B variants in humans associate with corpus callosum agenesis and microcephaly. Using mice and zebrafish, they showed the cellular mechanisms altered by the missense KIF21B variants.
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Braun IR, Lawrence-Dill CJ. Automated Methods Enable Direct Computation on Phenotypic Descriptions for Novel Candidate Gene Prediction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1629. [PMID: 31998331 PMCID: PMC6965352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural language descriptions of plant phenotypes are a rich source of information for genetics and genomics research. We computationally translated descriptions of plant phenotypes into structured representations that can be analyzed to identify biologically meaningful associations. These representations include the entity-quality (EQ) formalism, which uses terms from biological ontologies to represent phenotypes in a standardized, semantically rich format, as well as numerical vector representations generated using natural language processing (NLP) methods (such as the bag-of-words approach and document embedding). We compared resulting phenotype similarity measures to those derived from manually curated data to determine the performance of each method. Computationally derived EQ and vector representations were comparably successful in recapitulating biological truth to representations created through manual EQ statement curation. Moreover, NLP methods for generating vector representations of phenotypes are scalable to large quantities of text because they require no human input. These results indicate that it is now possible to computationally and automatically produce and populate large-scale information resources that enable researchers to query phenotypic descriptions directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Braun
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Carolyn J. Lawrence-Dill
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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39
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Wang G, Wang Z, Yu H. Kinesin family member 2A high expression correlates with advanced tumor stages and worse prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23135. [PMID: 31858647 PMCID: PMC7171296 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This present study was to explore the association of kinesin family member 2A (KIF2A) expression with clinicopathological features and survival profiles, and the effect of KIF2A on cell proliferation and chemosensitivity in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Tumor and paired adjacent specimens were collected from 380 patients with NSCLC underwent resection for immunohistochemistry assay of KIF2A expression. In vitro, the effect of KIF2A on cell proliferation, chemosensitivity to cisplatin/vinorelbine was detected via KIF2A plasmids transfection into NCI‐H1299 NSCLC cells. Results Kinesin family member 2A expression was upregulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues, and tumor tissue KIF2A high expression was associated with higher pathological grade (P < .001), larger tumor size (P = .021), lymph node metastasis (P = .044), and increased tumor‐node‐metastasis stage (P = .001). As for survival profiles, disease‐free survival (P < .001) and overall survival (P < .001) were worse in patients with KIF2A high expression compared with those with KIF2A low expression. Multivariate Cox's regression exhibited that KIF2A high expression was an independent predictive factor for lower DFS (P < .001) and OS (P < .001). In vitro, KIF2A promoted proliferation and decreased chemosensitivity to cisplatin but not vinorelbine in NCI‐H1299 NSCLC cells. Conclusions The correlation of KIF2A expression with tumor features, survival, and its cellular function implies its potential as a prognostic biomarker and a treatment target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Haizhen Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Hahn I, Voelzmann A, Liew YT, Costa-Gomes B, Prokop A. The model of local axon homeostasis - explaining the role and regulation of microtubule bundles in axon maintenance and pathology. Neural Dev 2019; 14:11. [PMID: 31706327 PMCID: PMC6842214 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-019-0134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons are the slender, cable-like, up to meter-long projections of neurons that electrically wire our brains and bodies. In spite of their challenging morphology, they usually need to be maintained for an organism's lifetime. This makes them key lesion sites in pathological processes of ageing, injury and neurodegeneration. The morphology and physiology of axons crucially depends on the parallel bundles of microtubules (MTs), running all along to serve as their structural backbones and highways for life-sustaining cargo transport and organelle dynamics. Understanding how these bundles are formed and then maintained will provide important explanations for axon biology and pathology. Currently, much is known about MTs and the proteins that bind and regulate them, but very little about how these factors functionally integrate to regulate axon biology. As an attempt to bridge between molecular mechanisms and their cellular relevance, we explain here the model of local axon homeostasis, based on our own experiments in Drosophila and published data primarily from vertebrates/mammals as well as C. elegans. The model proposes that (1) the physical forces imposed by motor protein-driven transport and dynamics in the confined axonal space, are a life-sustaining necessity, but pose a strong bias for MT bundles to become disorganised. (2) To counterbalance this risk, MT-binding and -regulating proteins of different classes work together to maintain and protect MT bundles as necessary transport highways. Loss of balance between these two fundamental processes can explain the development of axonopathies, in particular those linking to MT-regulating proteins, motors and transport defects. With this perspective in mind, we hope that more researchers incorporate MTs into their work, thus enhancing our chances of deciphering the complex regulatory networks that underpin axon biology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Hahn
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - André Voelzmann
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Yu-Ting Liew
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Beatriz Costa-Gomes
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Andreas Prokop
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK.
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Li X, Shu K, Wang Z, Ding D. Prognostic significance of KIF2A and KIF20A expression in human cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18040. [PMID: 31725680 PMCID: PMC6867763 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kinesin family (KIF) is reported to be aberrantly expressed and significantly correlated with survival outcomes in patients with various cancers. This meta-analysis was carried out to quantitatively evaluate the prognostic values of partial KIF members in cancer patients. METHODS Two well-known KIF members, KIF2A and KIF20A, were investigated to evaluate their potential values as novel prognostic biomarkers in human cancer. A comprehensive literature search was carried out of the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up to April 2019. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association of KIF2A and KIF20A expression with overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS Twenty-five studies involving 7262 patients were finally incorporated, including nine about KIF2A and sixteen about KIF20A. Our results indicated that patients with high expression of KIF2 and KIF20A tended to have shorter OS than those with low expression (HR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.87-2.65, P < .001; HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.57-1.99, P < .001, respectively). Moreover, high expression of these 2 KIF members was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.57-2.50, P < .001; OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 2.03-3.41, P < .001, respectively), positive lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.65-3.27, P < .001; OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.59-2.83, P < .001, respectively), and distant metastasis (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.21-3.99, P = .010; OR = 5.25, 95% CI: 2.82-9.77, P < .001, respectively); only high KIF20A expression was related to poor differentiation grade (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.09-3.07, P = .023). CONCLUSIONS High expression of KIF2 and KIF20A in human cancer was significantly correlated with worse prognosis and unfavorable clinicopathological features, suggesting that these 2 KIF members can be used as prognostic biomarkers for different types of tumors. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019134928.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Kunpeng Shu
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Degang Ding
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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42
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Seira O, Liu J, Assinck P, Ramer M, Tetzlaff W. KIF2A characterization after spinal cord injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4355-4368. [PMID: 31041455 PMCID: PMC11105463 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Axons in the central nervous system (CNS) typically fail to regenerate after injury. This failure is multi-factorial and caused in part by disruption of the axonal cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton, in particular microtubules (MT), plays a critical role in axonal transport and axon growth during development. In this regard, members of the kinesin superfamily of proteins (KIFs) regulate the extension of primary axons toward their targets and control the growth of collateral branches. KIF2A negatively regulates axon growth through MT depolymerization. Using three different injury models to induce SCI in adult rats, we examined the temporal and cellular expression of KIF2A in the injured spinal cord. We observed a progressive increase of KIF2A expression with maximal levels at 10 days to 8 weeks post-injury as determined by Western blot analysis. KIF2A immunoreactivity was present in axons, spinal neurons and mature oligodendrocytes adjacent to the injury site. Results from the present study suggest that KIF2A at the injured axonal tips may contribute to neurite outgrowth inhibition after injury, and that its increased expression in inhibitory spinal neurons adjacent to the injury site might contribute to an intrinsic wiring-control mechanism associated with neuropathic pain. Further studies will determine whether KIF2A may be a potential target for the development of regeneration-promoting or pain-preventing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Seira
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Jie Liu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Peggy Assinck
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matt Ramer
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wolfram Tetzlaff
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
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Del Castillo U, Norkett R, Gelfand VI. Unconventional Roles of Cytoskeletal Mitotic Machinery in Neurodevelopment. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:901-911. [PMID: 31597609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
At first look, cell division and neurite formation seem to be two different, essential biological processes. However, both processes require extensive reorganization of the cytoskeleton, and especially microtubules. Remarkably, in recent years, independent work from several groups has shown that multiple cytoskeletal components previously considered specific for the mitotic machinery play important roles in neurite initiation and extension. In this review article, we describe how several cytoplasmic and mitotic microtubule motors, components of mitotic kinetochores, and cortical actin participate in reorganization of the microtubule network required to form and maintain axons and dendrites. The emerging similarities between these two biological processes will certainly generate new insights into the mechanisms generating the unique morphology of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urko Del Castillo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rosalind Norkett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Vladimir I Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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44
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Reilly ML, Benmerah A. Ciliary kinesins beyond IFT: Cilium length, disassembly, cargo transport and signalling. Biol Cell 2019; 111:79-94. [PMID: 30720881 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are microtubule-based antenna which are highly conserved among eukaryotes. In vertebrates, primary and motile cilia have evolved to exert several key functions during development and tissue homoeostasis. Ciliary dysfunction in humans causes a highly heterogeneous group of diseases called ciliopathies, a class of genetic multisystemic disorders primarily affecting kidney, skeleton, retina, lung and the central nervous system. Among key ciliary proteins, kinesin family members (KIF) are microtubule-interacting proteins involved in many diverse cellular functions, including transport of cargo (organelles, proteins and lipids) along microtubules and regulating the dynamics of cytoplasmic and spindle microtubules through their depolymerising activity. Many KIFs are also involved in diverse ciliary functions including assembly/disassembly, motility and signalling. We here review these ciliary kinesins in vertebrates and focus on their involvement in ciliopathy-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Louise Reilly
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Diderot University, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, 75015, France
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45
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Broix L, Asselin L, Silva CG, Ivanova EL, Tilly P, Gilet JG, Lebrun N, Jagline H, Muraca G, Saillour Y, Drouot N, Reilly ML, Francis F, Benmerah A, Bahi-Buisson N, Belvindrah R, Nguyen L, Godin JD, Chelly J, Hinckelmann MV. Ciliogenesis and cell cycle alterations contribute to KIF2A-related malformations of cortical development. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:224-238. [PMID: 29077851 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic findings reported by our group and others showed that de novo missense variants in the KIF2A gene underlie malformations of brain development called pachygyria and microcephaly. Though KIF2A is known as member of the Kinesin-13 family involved in the regulation of microtubule end dynamics through its ATP dependent MT-depolymerase activity, how KIF2A variants lead to brain malformations is still largely unknown. Using cellular and in utero electroporation approaches, we show here that KIF2A disease-causing variants disrupts projection neuron positioning and interneuron migration, as well as progenitors proliferation. Interestingly, further dissection of this latter process revealed that ciliogenesis regulation is also altered during progenitors cell cycle. Altogether, our data suggest that deregulation of the coupling between ciliogenesis and cell cycle might contribute to the pathogenesis of KIF2A-related brain malformations. They also raise the issue whether ciliogenesis defects are a hallmark of other brain malformations, such as those related to tubulins and MT-motor proteins variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Broix
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France.,CNRS U7104, Illkirch 67400, France.,INSERM U964, Illkirch 67400, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France.,Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS U8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75000, France
| | - Laure Asselin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France.,CNRS U7104, Illkirch 67400, France.,INSERM U964, Illkirch 67400, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Carla G Silva
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Ekaterina L Ivanova
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France.,CNRS U7104, Illkirch 67400, France.,INSERM U964, Illkirch 67400, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Peggy Tilly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France.,CNRS U7104, Illkirch 67400, France.,INSERM U964, Illkirch 67400, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Johan G Gilet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France.,CNRS U7104, Illkirch 67400, France.,INSERM U964, Illkirch 67400, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Nicolas Lebrun
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS U8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75000, France
| | - Hélène Jagline
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France.,CNRS U7104, Illkirch 67400, France.,INSERM U964, Illkirch 67400, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Giuseppe Muraca
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS U8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75000, France
| | - Yoann Saillour
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS U8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75000, France
| | - Nathalie Drouot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France.,CNRS U7104, Illkirch 67400, France.,INSERM U964, Illkirch 67400, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Madeline Louise Reilly
- Paris Diderot University, Paris 75013, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, Paris 75015, France.,Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- Inserm UMR-S 839, Paris 75005, France.,Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75000, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris 75000, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- INSERM UMR 1163, Paris 75015, France.,Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Paris Diderot University, Paris 75013, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, Paris 75015, France
| | - Richard Belvindrah
- Inserm UMR-S 839, Paris 75005, France.,Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75000, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris 75000, France
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Juliette D Godin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France.,CNRS U7104, Illkirch 67400, France.,INSERM U964, Illkirch 67400, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France.,CNRS U7104, Illkirch 67400, France.,INSERM U964, Illkirch 67400, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France.,Service de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Maria-Victoria Hinckelmann
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67400, France.,CNRS U7104, Illkirch 67400, France.,INSERM U964, Illkirch 67400, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
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46
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Gwee SSL, Radford RAW, Chow S, Syal MD, Morsch M, Formella I, Lee A, Don EK, Badrock AP, Cole NJ, West AK, Cheung SNS, Chung RS. Aurora kinase B regulates axonal outgrowth and regeneration in the spinal motor neurons of developing zebrafish. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4269-4285. [PMID: 29468257 PMCID: PMC11105541 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aurora kinase B (AurkB) is a serine/threonine protein kinase with a well-characterised role in orchestrating cell division and cytokinesis, and is prominently expressed in healthy proliferating and cancerous cells. However, the role of AurkB in differentiated and non-dividing cells has not been extensively explored. Previously, we have described a significant upregulation of AurkB expression in cultured cortical neurons following an experimental axonal transection. This is somewhat surprising, as AurkB expression is generally associated only with dividing cells Frangini et al. (Mol Cell 51:647-661, 2013); Hegarat et al. (J Cell Biol 195:1103-1113, 2011); Lu et al. (J Biol Chem 283:31785-31790, 2008); Trakala et al. (Cell Cycle 12:1030-1041, 2014). Herein, we present the first description of a role for AurkB in terminally differentiated neurons. AurkB was prominently expressed within post-mitotic neurons of the zebrafish brain and spinal cord. The expression of AurkB varied during the development of the zebrafish spinal motor neurons. Utilising pharmacological and genetic manipulation to impair AurkB activity resulted in truncation and aberrant motor axon morphology, while overexpression of AurkB resulted in extended axonal outgrowth. Further pharmacological inhibition of AurkB activity in regenerating axons delayed their recovery following UV laser-mediated injury. Collectively, these results suggest a hitherto unreported role of AurkB in regulating neuronal development and axonal outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene S L Gwee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rowan A W Radford
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharron Chow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Monisha D Syal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco Morsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Isabel Formella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily K Don
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew P Badrock
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Cole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian K West
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Steve N S Cheung
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger S Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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47
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Parts list for a microtubule depolymerising kinesin. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1665-1672. [PMID: 30467119 PMCID: PMC6299235 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Kinesin superfamily is a large group of molecular motors that use the turnover of ATP to regulate their interaction with the microtubule cytoskeleton. The coupled relationship between nucleotide turnover and microtubule binding is harnessed in various ways by these motors allowing them to carry out a variety of cellular functions. The Kinesin-13 family is a group of specialist microtubule depolymerising motors. Members of this family use their microtubule destabilising activity to regulate processes such as chromosome segregation, maintenance of cilia and neuronal development. Here, we describe the current understanding of the structure of this family of kinesins and the role different parts of these proteins play in their microtubule depolymerisation activity and in the wider function of this family of kinesins.
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48
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Ti SC, Alushin GM, Kapoor TM. Human β-Tubulin Isotypes Can Regulate Microtubule Protofilament Number and Stability. Dev Cell 2018; 47:175-190.e5. [PMID: 30245156 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell biological studies have shown that protofilament number, a fundamental feature of microtubules, can correlate with the expression of different tubulin isotypes. However, it is not known if tubulin isotypes directly control this basic microtubule property. Here, we report high-resolution cryo-EM reconstructions (3.5-3.65 Å) of purified human α1B/β3 and α1B/β2B microtubules and find that the β-tubulin isotype can determine protofilament number. Comparisons of atomic models of 13- and 14-protofilament microtubules reveal how tubulin subunit plasticity, manifested in "accordion-like" distributed structural changes, can accommodate distinct lattice organizations. Furthermore, compared to α1B/β3 microtubules, α1B/β2B filaments are more stable to passive disassembly and against depolymerization by MCAK or chTOG, microtubule-associated proteins with distinct mechanisms of action. Mixing tubulin isotypes in different proportions results in microtubules with protofilament numbers and stabilities intermediate to those of isotypically pure filaments. Together, our findings indicate that microtubule protofilament number and stability can be controlled through β-tubulin isotype composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Ti
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gregory M Alushin
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Tarun M Kapoor
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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49
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Tan AP, Chong WK, Mankad K. Comprehensive genotype-phenotype correlation in lissencephaly. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:673-693. [PMID: 30211035 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.08.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are a heterogenous group of disorders with diverse genotypic and phenotypic variations. Lissencephaly is a subtype of MCD caused by defect in neuronal migration, which occurs between 12 and 24 weeks of gestation. The continuous advancement in the field of molecular genetics in the last decade has led to identification of at least 19 lissencephaly-related genes, most of which are related to microtubule structural proteins (tubulin) or microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The aim of this review article is to bring together current knowledge of gene mutations associated with lissencephaly and to provide a comprehensive genotype-phenotype correlation. Illustrative cases will be presented to facilitate the understanding of the described genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Peng Tan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Wui Khean Chong
- Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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50
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Zhao P, Lan F, Zhang H, Zeng G, Liu D. Down-regulation of KIF2A inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion via suppressing MT1-MMP. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1010-1018. [PMID: 29781531 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer accounts for a sizeable proportion of global cancer mortality with high morbidity and poor prognosis. Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) are microtubule-dependent motor proteins that function as oncogenes in cancer cells, it has been discovered in recent years. Kinesin family member 2a (KIF2A), a member of the KIFs, has received attention for its role in carcinogenesis and its prognostic value in several human cancers such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma. However, the role of KIF2A in human gastric cancer remains unknown. In this study we aimed to explore the expression and biological functions of KIF2A in human gastric cancer cells, as well as to reveal its potential action mechanism. First, we found that KIF2A was markedly increased in gastric cancer cells (MKN-28, MKN-45, NCI-N87 and SGC-7901) compared to normal gastric mucosa epithelial cells (GES-1). Then KIF2A was successfully silenced in MKN-45 and SGC-7901 cells to facilitate further research into its function. We discovered that KIF2A silencing can significantly inhibit the growth and invasion of MKN-45 and SGC-7901 cells in a time-independent manner, accompanying a decreased expression of Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). When MT1-MMP was reintroduced into MKN-45 and SGC-7901 cells in the KIF2A-siRNA group, only invasion inhibition effects on MKN-45 and SGC-7901 cells induced by KIF2A silencing can be reversed. In conclusion, our study reveals that down-regulation of KIF2A can inhibit gastric cancer cell invasion by suppressing MT1-MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jingyang County Hospital, Shaanxi, Xianyang, China
| | - Guangwei Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
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