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Acosta-España JD, Dueñas-Espín I, Grijalva Narvaez DF, Altamirano-Jara JB, Gómez-Jaramillo AM, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Analysis of inpatient data on dengue fever, malaria and leishmaniasis in Ecuador: A cross-sectional national study, 2015-2022. New Microbes New Infect 2024; 60-61:101421. [PMID: 38818245 PMCID: PMC11137557 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite concerted efforts in South America, these diseases continue to pose a significant burden of morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. This study aimed to analyse hospital data and investigate the hospitalisation rates of dengue fever, leishmaniasis, and malaria in Ecuador between 2015 and 2022. Methods Open-access databases from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses of Ecuador between 2015 and 2022 were analysed. Data were filtered using specific terms for each disease (ICD-10), and descriptive statistics of geographical distributions were calculated using Microsoft Excel, Stata 14.2, and Rstudio. Results Dengue had the highest burden, with 31,616 reported cases, followed by malaria (1,316) and leishmaniasis (283). From 2015 to 2022, the highest hospitalisation rate per 105 inhabitants for dengue was observed in Sucumbios province (697.2), for malaria in Pastaza province (108.4), and for leishmaniasis in Morona Santiago province (18.8). The data's trend analysis revealed a slight increase in dengue and mild downward trends in hospitalisation for malaria and leishmaniasis. Conclusions The results suggest that vector-borne disease control has failed in Ecuador. Unfortunately, there was no significant trend towards a decrease in dengue, malaria, and leishmaniasis in Ecuador during the years studied. This study highlights the need to optimise sustainable vector control programs and emphasises continuous monitoring of disease incidence and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime David Acosta-España
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
- Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ivan Dueñas-Espín
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Postgrado de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Jenny Belén Altamirano-Jara
- Medical Graduate of the Faculty of Medicine of the Evandro Chagas University Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana María Gómez-Jaramillo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Master Program of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, 4861, Peru
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
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Zhu Y, Zhou L, Mo L, Hong C, Pan L, Lin J, Qi Y, Tan S, Qian M, Hu T, Zhao Y, Qiu H, Lin P, Ma X, Yang Q. Plasmodium yoelii Infection Enhances the Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells via JAK/STAT3 Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:170-186. [PMID: 38819229 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), the negative immune regulators, have been demonstrated to be involved in immune responses to a variety of pathological conditions, such as tumors, chronic inflammation, and infectious diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms underlying the expansion of MDSCs in malaria remain unclear. In this study, the phenotypic and functional characteristics of splenic MDSCs during Plasmodium yoelii NSM infection are described. Furthermore, we provide compelling evidence that the sera from P. yoelii-infected C57BL/6 mice containing excess IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promote the accumulation of MDSCs by inducing Bcl2 expression. Serum-induced MDSCs exert more potent suppressive effects on T cell responses than control MDSCs within both in vivo P. yoelii infection and in vitro serum-treated bone marrow cells experiments. Serum treatment increases the MDSC inhibitory effect, which is dependent on Arg1 expression. Moreover, mechanistic studies reveal that the serum effects are mediated by JAK/STAT3 signaling. By inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation with the JAK inhibitor JSI-124, effects of serum on MDSCs are almost eliminated. In vivo depletion of MDSCs with anti-Gr-1 or 5-fluorouracil significantly reduces the parasitemia and promotes Th1 immune response in P. yoelii-infected C57BL/6 mice by upregulating IFN-γ expression. In summary, this study indicates that P. yoelii infection facilitates the accumulation and function of MDSCs by upregulating the expression of Bcl2 and Arg1 via JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Manipulating the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway or depleting MDSCs could be promising therapeutic interventions to treat malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhu
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lengshan Mo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cansheng Hong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Tan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manhongtian Qian
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaina Qiu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peibin Lin
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Xiancai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Michel M, Skourtanioti E, Pierini F, Guevara EK, Mötsch A, Kocher A, Barquera R, Bianco RA, Carlhoff S, Coppola Bove L, Freilich S, Giffin K, Hermes T, Hiß A, Knolle F, Nelson EA, Neumann GU, Papac L, Penske S, Rohrlach AB, Salem N, Semerau L, Villalba-Mouco V, Abadie I, Aldenderfer M, Beckett JF, Brown M, Campus FGR, Chenghwa T, Cruz Berrocal M, Damašek L, Duffett Carlson KS, Durand R, Ernée M, Fântăneanu C, Frenzel H, García Atiénzar G, Guillén S, Hsieh E, Karwowski M, Kelvin D, Kelvin N, Khokhlov A, Kinaston RL, Korolev A, Krettek KL, Küßner M, Lai L, Look C, Majander K, Mandl K, Mazzarello V, McCormick M, de Miguel Ibáñez P, Murphy R, Németh RE, Nordqvist K, Novotny F, Obenaus M, Olmo-Enciso L, Onkamo P, Orschiedt J, Patrushev V, Peltola S, Romero A, Rubino S, Sajantila A, Salazar-García DC, Serrano E, Shaydullaev S, Sias E, Šlaus M, Stančo L, Swanston T, Teschler-Nicola M, Valentin F, Van de Vijver K, Varney TL, Vigil-Escalera Guirado A, Waters CK, Weiss-Krejci E, Winter E, Lamnidis TC, Prüfer K, Nägele K, Spyrou M, Schiffels S, Stockhammer PW, Haak W, Posth C, Warinner C, Bos KI, Herbig A, Krause J. Ancient Plasmodium genomes shed light on the history of human malaria. Nature 2024; 631:125-133. [PMID: 38867050 PMCID: PMC11222158 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Malaria-causing protozoa of the genus Plasmodium have exerted one of the strongest selective pressures on the human genome, and resistance alleles provide biomolecular footprints that outline the historical reach of these species1. Nevertheless, debate persists over when and how malaria parasites emerged as human pathogens and spread around the globe1,2. To address these questions, we generated high-coverage ancient mitochondrial and nuclear genome-wide data from P. falciparum, P. vivax and P. malariae from 16 countries spanning around 5,500 years of human history. We identified P. vivax and P. falciparum across geographically disparate regions of Eurasia from as early as the fourth and first millennia BCE, respectively; for P. vivax, this evidence pre-dates textual references by several millennia3. Genomic analysis supports distinct disease histories for P. falciparum and P. vivax in the Americas: similarities between now-eliminated European and peri-contact South American strains indicate that European colonizers were the source of American P. vivax, whereas the trans-Atlantic slave trade probably introduced P. falciparum into the Americas. Our data underscore the role of cross-cultural contacts in the dissemination of malaria, laying the biomolecular foundation for future palaeo-epidemiological research into the impact of Plasmodium parasites on human history. Finally, our unexpected discovery of P. falciparum in the high-altitude Himalayas provides a rare case study in which individual mobility can be inferred from infection status, adding to our knowledge of cross-cultural connectivity in the region nearly three millennia ago.
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MESH Headings
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Altitude
- Americas/epidemiology
- Asia/epidemiology
- Biological Evolution
- Disease Resistance/genetics
- DNA, Ancient/analysis
- Europe/epidemiology
- Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Genome, Protozoan/genetics
- History, Ancient
- Malaria/parasitology
- Malaria/history
- Malaria/transmission
- Malaria/epidemiology
- Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology
- Malaria, Falciparum/history
- Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology
- Malaria, Falciparum/transmission
- Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology
- Malaria, Vivax/history
- Malaria, Vivax/parasitology
- Malaria, Vivax/transmission
- Plasmodium/genetics
- Plasmodium/classification
- Plasmodium falciparum/genetics
- Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification
- Plasmodium malariae/genetics
- Plasmodium malariae/isolation & purification
- Plasmodium vivax/genetics
- Plasmodium vivax/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Michel
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean, .
| | - Eirini Skourtanioti
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean
| | - Federica Pierini
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn K Guevara
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angela Mötsch
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean
| | - Arthur Kocher
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification and Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Raffaela A Bianco
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean
| | - Selina Carlhoff
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenza Coppola Bove
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Suzanne Freilich
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karen Giffin
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Taylor Hermes
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Alina Hiß
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Knolle
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Nelson
- Microbial Palaeogenomics Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gunnar U Neumann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean
| | - Luka Papac
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Penske
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adam B Rohrlach
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Data Science Centre, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nada Salem
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean
| | - Lena Semerau
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vanessa Villalba-Mouco
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón, IUCA-Aragosaurus, Universitity of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabelle Abadie
- Inrap - Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives, Paris, France
- Centre Michel de Boüard, Centre de recherches archéologiques et historiques anciennes et médiévales, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Mark Aldenderfer
- Department of Anthropology and Heritage Studies, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | | | - Matthew Brown
- Sociology and Anthropology Department, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, NY, USA
| | - Franco G R Campus
- Department of History, Human Sciences, and Education, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tsang Chenghwa
- Institute of Anthropology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - María Cruz Berrocal
- Institute of Heritage Sciences (INCIPIT), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ladislav Damašek
- Institute of Classical Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Raphaël Durand
- Service d'archéologie préventive Bourges plus, Bourges, France
- UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Michal Ernée
- Department of Prehistoric Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hannah Frenzel
- Anatomy Institute, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriel García Atiénzar
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicante), Spain
| | | | - Ellen Hsieh
- Institute of Anthropology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Maciej Karwowski
- Institut für Urgeschichte und Historische Archäologie, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Kelvin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nikki Kelvin
- Division of Ancient Pathogens, BioForge Canada Limited, Halifax, Nove Scotia, Canada
| | - Alexander Khokhlov
- Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia
| | - Rebecca L Kinaston
- BioArch South, Waitati, New Zealand
- Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Studies, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arkadii Korolev
- Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia
| | - Kim-Louise Krettek
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mario Küßner
- Thuringian State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Weimar, Germany
| | - Luca Lai
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Cory Look
- Sociology and Anthropology Department, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, NY, USA
| | - Kerttu Majander
- Department of Environmental Science, Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Mandl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael McCormick
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean
- Initiative for the Science of the Human Past at Harvard, Department of History, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patxuka de Miguel Ibáñez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicante), Spain
- Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Virgen de los Lirios-Fisabio, Alcoi, Spain
- Sección de Antropología, Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Reg Murphy
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Kerkko Nordqvist
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Friederike Novotny
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Obenaus
- Silva Nortica Archäologische Dienstleistungen, Thunau am Kamp, Austria
| | - Lauro Olmo-Enciso
- Department of History, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Päivi Onkamo
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jörg Orschiedt
- Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Halle, Germany
- Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valerii Patrushev
- Centre of Archaeological and Ethnographical Investigation, Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Sanni Peltola
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicante), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Salvatore Rubino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antti Sajantila
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Forensic Medicine Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Domingo C Salazar-García
- Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elena Serrano
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- TAR Arqueología, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emanuela Sias
- Centro Studi sulla Civiltà del Mare, Stintino, Italy
| | - Mario Šlaus
- Anthropological Center, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ladislav Stančo
- Institute of Classical Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Treena Swanston
- Department of Anthropology, Economics and Political Science, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Teschler-Nicola
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katrien Van de Vijver
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Archaeological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Dienst Archeologie - Stad Mechelen, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Tamara L Varney
- Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christopher K Waters
- Heritage Department, National Parks of Antigua and Barbuda, St. Paul's Parish, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Estella Weiss-Krejci
- Austrian Archaeological Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eduard Winter
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thiseas C Lamnidis
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kay Prüfer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nägele
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Spyrou
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiffels
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cosimo Posth
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Warinner
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kirsten I Bos
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean, .
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4
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Marzano-Miranda A, Pereira Cardoso-Oliveira G, Carla de Oliveira I, Carvalho Mourão L, Reis Cussat L, Gomes Fraga V, Delfin Chávez Olórtegui C, Jesus Fernandes Fontes C, Castanheira Bartholomeu D, Braga EM. Identification and serological responses to a novel Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 ( PvMSP-1) derived synthetic peptide: a putative biomarker for malaria exposure. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17632. [PMID: 38948214 PMCID: PMC11212635 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The integration of diagnostic methods holds promise for advancing the surveillance of malaria transmission in both endemic and non-endemic regions. Serological assays emerge as valuable tools to identify and delimit malaria transmission, serving as a complementary method to rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and thick smear microscopy. Here, we evaluate the potential of antibodies directed against peptides encompassing the entire amino acid sequence of the PvMSP-1 Sal-I strain as viable serological biomarkers for P. vivax exposure. Methods We screened peptides encompassing the complete amino acid sequence of the Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (PvMSP-1) Sal-I strain as potential biomarkers for P. vivax exposure. Here, immunodominant peptides specifically recognized by antibodies from individuals infected with P. vivax were identified using the SPOT-synthesis technique followed by immunoblotting. Two 15-mer peptides were selected based on their higher and specific reactivity in immunoblotting assays. Subsequently, peptides p70 and p314 were synthesized in soluble form using SPPS (Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis) and tested by ELISA (IgG, and subclasses). Results This study unveils the presence of IgG antibodies against the peptide p314 in most P. vivax-infected individuals from the Brazilian Amazon region. In silico B-cell epitope prediction further supports the utilization of p314 as a potential biomarker for evaluating malaria transmission, strengthened by its amino acid sequence being part of a conserved block of PvMSP-1. Indeed, compared to patients infected with P. falciparum and uninfected individuals never exposed to malaria, P. vivax-infected patients have a notably higher recognition of p314 by IgG1 and IgG3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Marzano-Miranda
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiza Carvalho Mourão
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Reis Cussat
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Gomes Fraga
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Erika M. Braga
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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5
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Yao Z, Liang M, Zhu S. Infectious factors in myocarditis: a comprehensive review of common and rare pathogens. Egypt Heart J 2024; 76:64. [PMID: 38789885 PMCID: PMC11126555 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-024-00493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is a significant health threat today, with infectious agents being the most common cause. Accurate diagnosis of the etiology of infectious myocarditis is crucial for effective treatment. MAIN BODY Infectious myocarditis can be caused by viruses, prokaryotes, parasites, and fungi. Viral infections are typically the primary cause. However, some rare opportunistic pathogens can also damage heart muscle cells in patients with immunodeficiencies, neoplasms and those who have undergone heart surgery. CONCLUSIONS This article reviews research on common and rare pathogens of infectious myocarditis, emphasizing the complexity of its etiology, with the aim of helping clinicians make an accurate diagnosis of infectious myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Yao
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qindao, China.
| | - Mingjun Liang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai Six People's Hospital Affilicated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Simin Zhu
- Wuhan Third Hospital-Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Pian H, Wang H, Wang H, Li Z. Dual CRISPR/Cas13a Cascade Strand Displacement-Triggered Transcription for Point-of-Care Detection of Plasmodium in Asymptomatic Malaria. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7524-7531. [PMID: 38695755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Asymptomatic infections of Plasmodium parasites are major obstacles to malaria control and elimination. A sensitive, specific, and user-friendly method is urgently needed for point-of-care (POC) Plasmodium diagnostics in asymptomatic malaria, especially in resource-limited settings. In this work, we present a POC method (termed Cas13a-SDT) based on the cascade sequence recognition and signal amplification of dual Cas13a trans-cleavage and strand displacement-triggered transcription (SDT). Cas13a-SDT not only achieves exceptional specificity in discriminating the target RNA from nontarget RNAs with any cross-interaction but also meets the sensitivity criterion set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for effective malaria detection. Remarkably, this novel method was successfully applied to screen malaria in asymptomatic infections from clinical samples. The proposed method provides a user-friendly and visually interpretable output mode while maintaining high accuracy and reliability comparable to RT-PCR. These excellent features demonstrate the significant potential of Cas13a-SDT for POC diagnosis of Plasmodium infections, laying a vital foundation for advancing malaria control and elimination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Pian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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7
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Kimura SI, Watanabe Y, Shibasaki S, Shinzato N, Inahashi Y, Sunazuka T, Hokari R, Ishiyama A, Iwatsuki M. New antimalarial iromycin analogs produced by Streptomyces sp. RBL-0292. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024; 77:272-277. [PMID: 38438501 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-024-00707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Two new antimalarial compounds, named prenylpyridones A (1) and B (2), were discovered from the actinomycete cultured material of Streptomyces sp. RBL-0292 isolated from the soil on Hamahiga Island in Okinawa prefecture. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated as new iromycin analogs having α-pyridone ring by MS and NMR analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains, with IC50 values ranging from 80.7 to 106.7 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ichiro Kimura
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shiori Shibasaki
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Naoya Shinzato
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Yuki Inahashi
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Rei Hokari
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Aki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Masato Iwatsuki
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
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8
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Bailey A, Prist PR. Landscape and Socioeconomic Factors Determine Malaria Incidence in Tropical Forest Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:576. [PMID: 38791790 PMCID: PMC11121048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Deforestation, landscape dynamics, and socioeconomic factors within the tropical Americas, Africa, and Asia may have different impacts on malaria incidence. To evaluate how these drivers affect malaria incidence at the global and regional scale, we collected malaria incidence rates from 2000 to 2019 from 67 tropical countries, along with forest loss, land use change types, and socioeconomic elements. LASSO regression, linear mixed effect modeling, and k-fold cross validation were used to create and evaluate the models. Regionality plays a role in the significance of varying risk factors. The Tropical Americas model had the highest coefficient of determination (marginal R2 = 0.369), while the Africa model showed the highest predictive accuracy with only a 17.4% error rate. Strong associations between tree cover loss (β = -4037.73, p < 0.001) and percentage forest area (β = 5373.18, p = 0.012) in Africa, and percent of key biodiversity areas under protection (β = 496.71, p < 0.001; β = 1679.20, p < 0.001) in the tropical Americas and Asia with malaria incidence indicates that malaria risk should be considered during conservation policy development, and recommends that individual approaches to policy and investment be considered when implementing malaria interventions on different spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Bailey
- EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Ave., Ste. 1200, New York, NY 10018, USA;
| | - Paula R. Prist
- EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Ave., Ste. 1200, New York, NY 10018, USA;
- Future Earth, One Health, 413 Chukar Ct., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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9
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Kojom Foko LP, Moun A, Singh V. Addressing low-density malaria infections in India and other endemic part of the world-the opportune time? Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38632931 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2339267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Shifting from high- to low-malaria transmission accompanies a higher proportion of asymptomatic low-density malaria infections (LDMI). Currently, several endemic countries, such as India, are experiencing this shift as it is striving to eliminate malaria. LDMI is a complex concept for which there are several important questions yet unanswered on its natural history, infectiousness, epidemiology, and pathological and clinical impact. India is on the right path to eliminating malaria, but it is facing the LDMI problem. A brief discussion on the concept and definitions of LDMI is beforehand presented. Also, an exhaustive review and critical analysis of the existing literature on LDMI in malaria-endemic areas, including India, are included in this review. Finally, we opine that addressing LDMI in India is ethically and pragmatically achievable, and a pool of sine qua non conditions is required to efficiently and sustainably eliminate malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loick P Kojom Foko
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Moun
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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T A AR, Rajendra TN, Suhas KP, Ippagunta SK, Chaudhary S. 1,2,4,5-Tetraoxane derivatives/hybrids as potent antimalarial endoperoxides: Chronological advancements, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and future perspectives. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38618882 DOI: 10.1002/med.22040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening disease that affects tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Various drugs were used to treat malaria, including artemisinin and derivatives, antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline), quinolines (chloroquine, amodiaquine), and folate antagonists (sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine). Since the malarial parasites developed drug resistance, there is a need to develop new chemical entities with high efficacy and low toxicity. In this context, 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes emerged as an essential scaffold and have shown promising antimalarial activity. To improve activity and overcome resistance to various antimalarial drugs; 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes were fused with various aryl/heteroaryl/alicyclic/spiro moieties (steroid-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, triazine-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, aminoquinoline-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, dispiro-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, piperidine-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes and diaryl-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes). The present review aims to focus on covering the relevant literature published during the past 30 years (1992-2022). We summarize the most significant in vitro, in vivo results and structure-activity relationship studies of 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane-based hybrids as antimalarial agents. The structural evolution of different hybrids can provide the framework for the future development of 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane-based hybrids to treat malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahaman T A
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Catalysis (BHC lab), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (Transit Campus), Lucknow, India
| | - Thakar Neha Rajendra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Catalysis (BHC lab), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (Transit Campus), Lucknow, India
| | - Kshirsagar Prasad Suhas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Catalysis (BHC lab), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (Transit Campus), Lucknow, India
| | - Sirish K Ippagunta
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Catalysis (BHC lab), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (Transit Campus), Lucknow, India
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11
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Hellingman A, Sifoniou K, Buser T, Thommen BT, Walz A, Passecker A, Collins J, Hupfeld M, Wittlin S, Witmer K, Brancucci NMB. Next Generation Chemiluminescent Probes for Antimalarial Drug Discovery. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1286-1297. [PMID: 38556981 PMCID: PMC11019541 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus and remains one of the most pressing human health problems. The spread of parasites resistant to or partially resistant to single or multiple drugs, including frontline antimalarial artemisinin and its derivatives, poses a serious threat to current and future malaria control efforts. In vitro drug assays are important for identifying new antimalarial compounds and monitoring drug resistance. Due to its robustness and ease of use, the [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation assay is still considered a gold standard and is widely applied, despite limited sensitivity and the dependence on radioactive material. Here, we present a first-of-its-kind chemiluminescence-based antimalarial drug screening assay. The effect of compounds on P. falciparum is monitored by using a dioxetane-based substrate (AquaSpark β-D-galactoside) that emits high-intensity luminescence upon removal of a protective group (β-D-galactoside) by a transgenic β-galactosidase reporter enzyme. This biosensor enables highly sensitive, robust, and cost-effective detection of asexual, intraerythrocytic P. falciparum parasites without the need for parasite enrichment, washing, or purification steps. We are convinced that the ultralow detection limit of less than 100 parasites of the presented biosensor system will become instrumental in malaria research, including but not limited to drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Hellingman
- Department
of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kleopatra Sifoniou
- Department
of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Buser
- Department
of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Basil T. Thommen
- Department
of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annabelle Walz
- Department
of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Armin Passecker
- Department
of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sergio Wittlin
- Department
of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Witmer
- Department
of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- NEMIS
Technologies AG, 8804 Au, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas M. B. Brancucci
- Department
of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Pierreux J, Bottieau E, Florence E, Maniewski U, Bruggemans A, Malotaux J, Martin C, Cox J, Konopnicki D, Guetens P, Verschueren J, Coppens J, Van Esbroeck M, Mutsaers M, Rosanas-Urgell A. Failure of artemether-lumefantrine therapy in travellers returning to Belgium with Plasmodium falciparum malaria: an observational case series with genomic analysis. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taad165. [PMID: 38157311 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure of artemisinin-based combination therapy is increasingly reported in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to describe the clinical and genomic characteristics of recent cases of P. falciparum malaria failing artemether-lumefantrine in Belgium. METHODS Travel-related cases of malaria confirmed at the national reference laboratory of the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, were reviewed. All cases for which attending clinicians reported persistence (beyond Day 3 post-treatment initiation, i.e. early failure) or recrudescence (from Day 7 to 42, i.e. late failure) of P. falciparum parasites despite adequate drug intake were analysed. Both initial and persistent/recurrent samples were submitted to next generation sequencing to investigate resistance-conferring mutations. RESULTS From July 2022 to June 2023, eight P. falciparum cases of failure with artemether-lumefantrine therapy were reported (early failure = 1; late failure = 7). All travellers were returning from sub-Saharan Africa, most (6/8) after a trip to visit friends and relatives. PfKelch13 (PF3D7_1343700) mutations associated with resistance to artemisinin were found in two travellers returning from East Africa, including the validated marker R561H in the patient with early failure and the candidate marker A675V in a patient with late failure. Additional mutations were detected that could contribute to decreased susceptibility to artemisinin in another three cases, lumefantrine in six cases and proguanil in all eight participants. Various regimens were used to treat the persistent/recrudescent cases, with favourable outcome. CONCLUSION Within a 12-month period, we investigated eight travellers returning from sub-Saharan Africa with P. falciparum malaria and in whom artemether-lumefantrine failure was documented. Mutations conferring resistance to antimalarials were found in all analysed blood samples, especially against lumefantrine and proguanil, but also artemisinin. There is a pressing need for systematic genomic surveillance of resistance to antimalarials in international travellers with P. falciparum malaria, especially those experiencing treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pierreux
- Infectious Diseases Department, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1000, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Bottieau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Eric Florence
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Ula Maniewski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Anne Bruggemans
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Jiska Malotaux
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Infectious Diseases Department, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1000, Belgium
| | - Janneke Cox
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Deborah Konopnicki
- Infectious Diseases Department, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1000, Belgium
| | - Pieter Guetens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Jacob Verschueren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Jasmine Coppens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Mathijs Mutsaers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
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13
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John L, Vijay R. Role of TAM Receptors in Antimalarial Humoral Immune Response. Pathogens 2024; 13:298. [PMID: 38668253 PMCID: PMC11054553 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune response against malaria and the clearance of Plasmodium parasite relies on germinal-center-derived B cell responses that are temporally and histologically layered. Despite a well-orchestrated germinal center response, anti-Plasmodium immune response seldom offers sterilizing immunity. Recent studies report that certain pathophysiological features of malaria such as extensive hemolysis, hypoxia as well as the extrafollicular accumulation of short-lived plasmablasts may contribute to this suboptimal immune response. In this review, we summarize some of those studies and attempt to connect certain host intrinsic features in response to the malarial disease and the resultant gaps in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijo John
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode 673576, Kerala, India
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60047, USA
| | - Rahul Vijay
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60047, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60047, USA
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14
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Raza M, Bharti H, Chauhan C, Singal A, Jha D, Ghosh PC, Nag A. Enhanced anti-malarial efficacy of mefloquine delivered via cationic liposome in a murine model of experimental cerebral malaria. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114210. [PMID: 38340876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a longstanding global health challenge that continues to afflict over 90 countries located in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. The rise of drug-resistant malarial parasites has curtailed the therapeutic efficacy of a number of once-effective anti-malarials, including mefloquine. In the present study, we have taken advantage of drug encapsulation approach to elevate the anti-malarial potential of mefloquine. Encouragingly, our findings unveil that liposomal formulations of mefloquine outperform equivalent doses of free mefloquine, both in laboratory cultures and in a murine model of malaria. Intriguingly, a cationic liposomal mefloquine formulation, administered at four successive doses of 3 mg/kg body weight, achieves complete resolution of cerebral malaria in the murine model while avoiding noticeable toxic repercussions. Altogether, our study furnishes pre-clinical validation for a therapeutic strategy that can remarkably enhance the drug efficacy, offering a revitalizing solution for failing anti-malarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Hina Bharti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Charu Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Aakriti Singal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepa Jha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Prahlad C Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.
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15
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Viana Dos Santos MB, Braga de Oliveira A, Veras Mourão RH. Brazilian plants with antimalarial activity: A review of the period from 2011 to 2022. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117595. [PMID: 38122914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria continues to be a serious global public health problem in subtropical and tropical countries of the world. The main drugs used in the treatment of human malaria, quinine and artemisinin, are isolates of medicinal plants, making the use of plants a widespread practice in countries where malaria is endemic. Over the years, due to the increased resistance of the parasite to chloroquine and artemisinin in certain regions, new strategies for combating malaria have been employed, including research with medicinal plants. AIM This review focuses on the scientific production regarding medicinal plants from Brazil whose antimalarial activity was evaluated during the period from 2011 to 2022. 2. METHODOLOGY For this review, four electronic databases were selected for research: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scielo and Periódicos CAPES. Searches were made for full texts published in the form of scientific articles written in Portuguese or English and in a digital format. In addition, prospects for new treatments as well as future research that encourages the search for natural products and antimalarial derivatives are also presented. RESULTS A total of 61 publications were encountered, which cited 36 botanical families and 92 species using different Plasmodium strains in in vitro and in vivo assays. The botanical families with the most expressive number of species found were Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae (14, 14, 9 and 6 species, respectively), and the most frequently cited species were of the genera Psychotria L. (8) and Aspidosperma Mart. (12), which belong to the families Rubiaceae and Apocynaceae. Altogether, 75 compounds were identified or isolated from 28 different species, 31 of which are alkaloids. In addition, the extracts of the analyzed species, including the isolated compounds, showed a significant reduction of parasitemia in P. falciparum and P. berghei, especially in the clones W2 CQ-R (in vitro) and ANKA (in vivo), respectively. The Brazilian regions with the highest number of species analyzed were those of the north, especially the states of Pará and Amazonas, and the southeast, especially the state of Minas Gerais. CONCLUSION Although many plant species with antimalarial potential have been identified in Brazil, studies of new antimalarial molecules are slow and have not evolved to the production of a phytotherapeutic medicine. Given this, investigations of plants of traditional use and biotechnological approaches are necessary for the discovery of natural antimalarial products that contribute to the treatment of the disease in the country and in other endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz Viana Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Alaíde Braga de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - PPGCF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rosa Helena Veras Mourão
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Memariani H, Memariani M, Ghasemian A. Quercetin as a Promising Antiprotozoan Phytochemical: Current Knowledge and Future Research Avenues. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:7632408. [PMID: 38456097 PMCID: PMC10919984 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7632408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, only few antiparasitic drugs have been developed to date. Protozoan infections such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis continue to exact an enormous toll on public health worldwide, underscoring the need to discover novel antiprotozoan drugs. Recently, there has been an explosion of research into the antiprotozoan properties of quercetin, one of the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet. In this review, we tried to consolidate the current knowledge on the antiprotozoal effects of quercetin and to provide the most fruitful avenues for future research. Quercetin exerts potent antiprotozoan activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens such as Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp., Plasmodium spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Trichomonas spp., and Toxoplasma gondii. In addition to its immunomodulatory roles, quercetin disrupts mitochondrial function, induces apoptotic/necrotic cell death, impairs iron uptake, inhibits multiple enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and the glycolytic pathways, suppresses the activity of DNA topoisomerases, and downregulates the expression of various heat shock proteins in these pathogens. In vivo studies also show that quercetin is effective in reducing parasitic loads, histopathological damage, and mortality in animals. Future research should focus on designing effective drug delivery systems to increase the oral bioavailability of quercetin. Incorporating quercetin into various nanocarrier systems would be a promising approach to manage localized cutaneous infections. Nevertheless, clinical trials are needed to validate the efficacy of quercetin in treating various protozoan infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Memariani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Memariani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Wang Y, Yuan X, Ren M, Wang Z. Ferroptosis: A New Research Direction of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives in Anti-Cancer Treatment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:161-181. [PMID: 38328829 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death mechanism driven by an accumulation of lipid peroxides on cellular membranes, has emerged as a promising strategy to treat various diseases, including cancer. Ferroptosis inducers not only exhibit cytotoxic effects on multiple cancer cells, including drug-resistant cancer variants, but also hold potential as adjuncts to enhance the efficacy of other anti-cancer therapies, such as immunotherapy. In addition to synthetic inducers, natural compounds, such as artemisinin, can be considered ferroptosis inducers. Artemisinin, extracted from Artemisia annua L., is a poorly water-soluble antimalarial drug. For clinical applications, researchers have synthesized various water-soluble artemisinin derivatives such as dihydroartemisinin, artesunate, and artemether. Artemisinin and artemisinin derivatives (ARTEs) upregulate intracellular free iron levels and promote the accumulation of intracellular lipid peroxides to induce cancer cell ferroptosis, alleviating cancer development and resulting in strong anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms of ferroptosis, summarize the research on ARTEs-induced ferroptosis in cancer cells, and discuss the clinical research progress and current challenges of ARTEs in anti-cancer treatment. This review deepens the current understanding of the relationship between ARTEs and ferroptosis and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical anti-cancer application of ARTEs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041 Sichuan, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical, Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041 Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Min Ren
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Division of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041 Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical, Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Thomas A, Bakai TA, Atcha-Oubou T, Tchadjobo T, Rabilloud M, Voirin N. Exploring malaria prediction models in Togo: a time series forecasting by health district and target group. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e066547. [PMID: 38296296 PMCID: PMC10828885 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Integrating malaria prediction models into malaria control strategies can help to anticipate the response to seasonal epidemics. This study aimed to explore the possibility of using routine malaria data and satellite-derived climate data to forecast malaria cases in Togo. METHODS Generalised additive (mixed) models were developed to forecast the monthly number of malaria cases in 40 health districts and three target groups. Routinely collected malaria data from 2013 to 2016 and meteorological and vegetation data with a time lag of 1 or 2 months were used for model training, while the year 2017 was used for model testing. Two methods for selecting lagged meteorological and environmental variables were compared: a first method based on statistical approach ('SA') and a second method based on biological reasoning ('BR'). Both methods were applied to obtain a model per target group and health district and a mixed model per target group and health region with the health district as a random effect. The predictive skills of the four models were compared for each health district and target group. RESULTS The most selected predictors in the models per district for the 'SA' method were the normalised difference vegetation index, minimum temperature and mean temperature. The 'SA' method provided the most accurate models for the training period, except for some health districts in children ≥5 years old and adults and in pregnant women. The most accurate models for the testing period varied by health district and target group, provided either by the 'SA' method or the 'BR' method. Despite the development of models with four different approaches, the number of malaria cases was inaccurately forecasted. CONCLUSIONS These models cannot be used as such in malaria control activities in Togo. The use of finer spatial and temporal scales and non-environmental data could improve malaria prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thomas
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Équipe Biostatistiques Santé, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, CNRS, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
- Epidemiology and modelling of infectious diseases (EPIMOD), Lent, France
| | - Tchaa Abalo Bakai
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Équipe Biostatistiques Santé, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, CNRS, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
- Epidemiology and modelling of infectious diseases (EPIMOD), Lent, France
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Muriel Rabilloud
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Équipe Biostatistiques Santé, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, CNRS, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Voirin
- Epidemiology and modelling of infectious diseases (EPIMOD), Lent, France
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Du X, Ren B, Li C, Li Q, Kan S, Wang X, Bai W, Wu C, Kassegne K, Yan H, Niu X, Yan M, Xu W, Wassmer SC, Wang J, Chen G, Wang Z. PRL2 regulates neutrophil extracellular trap formation which contributes to severe malaria and acute lung injury. Nat Commun 2024; 15:881. [PMID: 38286811 PMCID: PMC10825202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive host immune responses contribute to severe malaria with high mortality. Here, we show that PRL2 in innate immune cells is highly related to experimental malaria disease progression, especially the development of murine severe malaria. In the absence of PRL2 in myeloid cells, Plasmodium berghei infection results in augmented lung injury, leading to significantly increased mortality. Intravital imaging revealed greater neutrophilic inflammation and NET formation in the lungs of PRL2 myeloid conditional knockout mice. Depletion of neutrophils prior to the onset of severe disease protected mice from NETs associated lung injury, and eliminated the difference between WT and PRL2 CKO mice. PRL2 regulates neutrophil activation and NET accumulation via the Rac-ROS pathway, thus contributing to NETs associated ALI. Hydroxychloroquine, an inhibitor of PRL2 degradation alleviates NETs associated tissue damage in vivo. Our findings suggest that PRL2 serves as an indicator of progression to severe malaria and ALI. In addition, our study indicated the importance of PRL2 in NET formation and tissue injury. It might open a promising path for adjunctive treatment of NET-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Du
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Baiyang Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Chang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Kan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Bai
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Chenyun Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Kokouvi Kassegne
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Huibo Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Samuel C Wassmer
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
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Olowojesiku R, Sherman MG, Mukadam AM, Imam R, Chastang KM, Seydel KB, Liomba AM, Barber JR, O'Brien NF, Postels DG. Post hospital admission blood lactate measurements are associated with mortality but not neurologic morbidity in children with cerebral malaria. Malar J 2024; 23:28. [PMID: 38243243 PMCID: PMC10797711 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children with cerebral malaria (CM) admission blood lactate has previously guided intravenous fluid therapy and been validated as a prognostic biomarker associated with death. The usefulness of post-admission measurements of blood lactate in children with CM is less clear. The strength of association between blood lactate and neurological sequelae in CM survivors, as well as the optimal duration of post-admission measurements of blood lactate to identify children at higher risk of adverse outcomes is unknown. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 1674 Malawian children with CM hospitalized from 2000 to 2018 who had blood lactate measurements every 6 h for the first 24 h after admission was performed. The strength of association between admission lactate or values measured at any time point in the first 24 h post-admission and outcomes (mortality and neurological morbidity in survivors) was estimated. The duration of time after admission that lactate remained a valid prognostic biomarker was assessed. RESULTS When lactate is analysed as a continuous variable, children with CM who have higher values at admission have a 1.05-fold higher odds (95% CI 0.99-1.11) of death compared to those with lower lactate values. Children with higher blood lactate at 6 h have 1.16-fold higher odds (95% CI 1.09-1.23) of death, compared to those with lower values. If lactate levels are dichotomized into hyperlactataemic (lactate > 5.0 mmol/L) or not, the strength of association between admission lactate and mortality increases (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.47-4.22). Blood lactate levels obtained after 18 h post-admission are not associated with outcomes. Similarly, the change in lactate concentrations through time during the first 24 h of hospital admission is not associated with outcomes. Blood lactate during hospitalization is not associated with adverse neurologic outcomes in CM survivors. CONCLUSIONS In children with CM, blood lactate is associated with death but not neurologic morbidity in survivors. To comprehensively estimate prognosis, blood lactate in children with CM should be assessed at admission and for 18 h afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronke Olowojesiku
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Meredith G Sherman
- Global Health Initiative, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Rami Imam
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Karl B Seydel
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre Malaria Project, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Alice M Liomba
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre Malaria Project, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - John R Barber
- Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicole F O'Brien
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre Malaria Project, Blantyre, Malawi
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Douglas G Postels
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre Malaria Project, Blantyre, Malawi.
- Division of Neurology, George Washington University/Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
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Zheng Z, Lu X, Zhou D, Deng XF, Liu QX, Liu XB, Zhang J, Li YQ, Zheng H, Dai JG. A novel enemy of cancer: recent investigations into protozoan anti-tumor properties. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1325144. [PMID: 38274735 PMCID: PMC10808745 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1325144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global health issue, despite advances in screening and treatment. While existing tumor treatment protocols such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy have proven effective in enhancing the prognosis for some patients, these treatments do not benefit all patients. Consequently, certain types of cancer continue to exhibit a relatively low 5-year survival rate. Therefore, the pursuit of novel tumor intervention strategies may help improve the current effectiveness of tumor treatment. Over the past few decades, numerous species of protozoa and their components have exhibited anti-tumor potential via immune and non-immune mechanisms. This discovery introduces a new research direction for the development of new and effective cancer treatments. Through in vitro experiments and studies involving tumor-bearing mice, the anti-tumor ability of Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma cruzi, and other protozoa have unveiled diverse mechanisms by which protozoa combat cancer, demonstrating encouraging prospects for their application. In this review, we summarize the anti-tumor ability and anti-tumor mechanisms of various protozoa and explore the potential for their clinical development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-gang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Calderaro A, Piccolo G, Chezzi C. The Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria: A Focus on the Diagnostic Assays in Non-Endemic Areas. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:695. [PMID: 38255768 PMCID: PMC10815132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Even if malaria is rare in Europe, it is a medical emergency and programs for its control should ensure both an early diagnosis and a prompt treatment within 24-48 h from the onset of the symptoms. The increasing number of imported malaria cases as well as the risk of the reintroduction of autochthonous cases encouraged laboratories in non-endemic countries to adopt diagnostic methods/algorithms. Microscopy remains the gold standard, but with limitations. Rapid diagnostic tests have greatly expanded the ability to diagnose malaria for rapid results due to simplicity and low cost, but they lack sensitivity and specificity. PCR-based assays provide more relevant information but need well-trained technicians. As reported in the World Health Organization Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030, the development of point-of-care testing is important for the improvement of diagnosis with beneficial consequences for prompt/accurate treatment and for preventing the spread of the disease. Despite their limitations, diagnostic methods contribute to the decline of malaria mortality. Recently, evidence suggested that artificial intelligence could be utilized for assisting pathologists in malaria diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Calderaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.)
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Luo AP, Giannangelo C, Siddiqui G, Creek DJ. Promising antimalarial hits from phenotypic screens: a review of recently-described multi-stage actives and their modes of action. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1308193. [PMID: 38162576 PMCID: PMC10757594 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1308193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, global malaria cases caused by Plasmodium falciparum have declined due to the implementation of effective treatments and the use of insecticides. However, the COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruption in the timely delivery of medical goods and diverted public health resources, impairing malaria control. The emergence of resistance to all existing frontline antimalarials underpins an urgent need for new antimalarials with novel mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the need to reduce malaria transmission and/or prevent malaria infection has shifted the focus of antimalarial research towards the discovery of compounds that act beyond the symptomatic blood stage and also impact other parasite life cycle stages. Phenotypic screening has been responsible for the majority of new antimalarial lead compounds discovered over the past 10 years. This review describes recently reported novel antimalarial hits that target multiple parasite stages and were discovered by phenotypic screening during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their modes of action and targets in blood stage parasites are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ghizal Siddiqui
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Darren J. Creek
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Rasmussen SA, Arguin PM, Jamieson DJ. Malaria and Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2023; 142:1303-1309. [PMID: 37769318 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent identification of local mosquito-borne transmission of malaria in Florida, Texas, and Maryland and increasing travel to malaria-endemic countries raise the likelihood that U.S. obstetricians might encounter a pregnant patient with malaria. Pregnancy increases the risk of becoming infected with malaria and of developing severe disease. Malaria during pregnancy also increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight, pregnancy loss, and preterm birth; thus, prevention and prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. Diagnosis can be challenging during pregnancy among persons with partial immunity because placental sequestration of parasite-infected red blood cells can result in lower parasite levels in peripheral blood. Treatment for uncomplicated malaria depends on the expected resistance pattern, which is determined by the specific Plasmodium species identified and where infection was acquired. For severe disease, parenteral artesunate treatment needs to be initiated immediately. Given the dire consequences of malaria in pregnancy, prevention is crucial. For persons born and raised in endemic areas, interventions include use of insecticide-treated bed nets, intermittent preventive treatment, and prompt diagnosis and treatment of illness. U.S. pregnant persons should avoid travel to endemic countries; for unavoidable travel, pregnant travelers should receive chemoprophylaxis and avoid mosquito bites. Although the risk is low to U.S. pregnant persons who are not traveling internationally, avoiding mosquito bites is important, especially for pregnant persons residing in or visiting areas with recent local mosquito-borne transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja A Rasmussen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Cape Cod, Massachusetts; and the Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Rakesh KP, Hassan NI. Triazole hybrid compounds: A new frontier in malaria treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115694. [PMID: 37556947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Reviewing the advancements in malaria treatment, the emergence of triazole hybrid compounds stands out as a groundbreaking development. Combining the advantages of triazole and other moieties, these hybrid compounds offer a new frontier in the battle against malaria. Their potential as effective antimalarial agents has captured the attention of researchers and holds promise for overcoming the challenges posed by drug-resistant malaria strains. We focused on their broad spectrum of antimalarial activity of diverse hybridized 1,2,3-triazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles, structure-activity relationship (SAR), drug-likeness, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties reported since 2018 targeting multiple stages of the Plasmodium life cycle. This versatility makes them highly effective against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of P. falciparum, making them invaluable tools in regions where resistance is prevalent. The synergistic effects of combining the triazole moiety with other pharmacophores have resulted in even greater antimalarial potency. This approach has the potential to circumvent existing resistance mechanisms and provide a more sustainable solution to malaria treatment. While triazole hybrid compounds show great promise, further research and clinical trials are warranted to fully evaluate their safety, efficacy and long-term effects. As research progresses, these compounds can potentially revolutionize the field and contribute to global efforts to eradicate malaria, ultimately saving countless lives worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K P Rakesh
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Hadjilaou A, Brandi J, Riehn M, Friese MA, Jacobs T. Pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment targets in cerebral malaria. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:688-709. [PMID: 37857843 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Malaria, the most prevalent mosquito-borne infectious disease worldwide, has accompanied humanity for millennia and remains an important public health issue despite advances in its prevention and treatment. Most infections are asymptomatic, but a small percentage of individuals with a heavy parasite burden develop severe malaria, a group of clinical syndromes attributable to organ dysfunction. Cerebral malaria is an infrequent but life-threatening complication of severe malaria that presents as an acute cerebrovascular encephalopathy characterized by unarousable coma. Despite effective antiparasite drug treatment, 20% of patients with cerebral malaria die from this disease, and many survivors of cerebral malaria have neurocognitive impairment. Thus, an important unmet clinical need is to rapidly identify people with malaria who are at risk of developing cerebral malaria and to develop preventive, adjunctive and neuroprotective treatments for cerebral malaria. This Review describes important advances in the understanding of cerebral malaria over the past two decades and discusses how these mechanistic insights could be translated into new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Hadjilaou
- Protozoen Immunologie, Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany.
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Brandi
- Protozoen Immunologie, Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Riehn
- Protozoen Immunologie, Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Protozoen Immunologie, Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
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Shittu O, Oniya MO, Olusi TA. Circulating platelets and malaria severity: two sides of the same coin among inhabitants of a tropical savannah region, Nigeria. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2503-2511. [PMID: 37658925 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Changes in circulating platelets during different grades of malaria are of major concerns, and its etiology is poorly understood. We appraised and evaluated the role of circulating platelets in the determination of the severity of malaria among a cohort of outpatients living in Ilorin, Nigeria. A hospital-based case-control study of outpatients visiting public health facilities within the locality voluntarily enrolled for this study. Blood samples from 1162 malaise patients were screened using routine microscopy for Plasmodium parasite species identification, and their respective circulating platelet levels were determined. Seven hundred and seventy-five individuals (775, 66.7%, p<0.001) were malaria-positive. Samples from 387 (33.3%) uninfected healthy individuals were used as controls. Individuals with uncomplicated malaria (UCM) and complicated malaria (CM) across age group were notable (p<0.05). Children ≤5 years had the highest number of individuals with CM (103, 45.2%) with a relative risk ratio of 4.005 (95% CI: 2.964-5.413). UCM (471, 40.5%) occurred more than CM (304, 26.2%) (p>0.05) across the groups. The geometric mean, 95% CI, median, and IQR of populations with malaria thrombocytopenia were higher (181, 110.94±2.207, 106.59-115.30, 118.00, and 39.00) than thrombocytosis (78, 624.64±13.131, 598.49-650.79, 623.00, and 208). Seemingly, health controls recorded insignificant morbidity with respect to platelet counts. High P. falciparum parasitemia is inversely correlated with platelet count, and its' morbidity is associated with the manifestation of several malaria pathogenesis. Thrombocytopenia is a silent pathophysiological attribute that can trigger other cofactors during severe malaria disease. Although further studies are pertinent in order to specifically clarify its relevance to clinical disease spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalere Shittu
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Mobolanle Oladipo Oniya
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Titus Adeniyi Olusi
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Kojom Foko LP, Singh V. Malaria in pregnancy in India: a 50-year bird's eye. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1150466. [PMID: 37927870 PMCID: PMC10620810 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1150466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In 2021, India contributed for ~79% of malaria cases and ~ 83% of deaths in the South East Asia region. Here, we systematically and critically analyzed data published on malaria in pregnancy (MiP) in India. Methods Epidemiological, clinical, parasitological, preventive and therapeutic aspects of MiP and its consequences on both mother and child were reviewed and critically analyzed. Knowledge gaps and solution ways are also presented and discussed. Several electronic databases including Google scholar, Google, PubMed, Scopus, Wiley Online library, the Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium library, the World Malaria Report, The WHO regional websites, and ClinicalTrials.gov were used to identify articles dealing with MiP in India. The archives of local scientific associations/journals and website of national programs were also consulted. Results Malaria in pregnancy is mainly due to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and P. vivax (Pv), and on rare occasions to P. ovale spp. and P. malariae too. The overall prevalence of MiP is ~0.1-57.7% for peripheral malaria and ~ 0-29.3% for placental malaria. Peripheral Pf infection at antenatal care (ANC) visits decreased from ~13% in 1991 to ~7% in 1995-1996 in Madhya Pradesh, while placental Pf infection at delivery unit slightly decreased from ~1.5% in 2006-2007 to ~1% in 2012-2015 in Jharkhand. In contrast, the prevalence of peripheral Pv infection at ANC increased from ~1% in 2006-2007 to ~5% in 2015 in Jharkhand, and from ~0.5% in 1984-1985 to ~1.5% in 2007-2008 in Chhattisgarh. Clinical presentation of MiP is diverse ranging from asymptomatic carriage of parasites to severe malaria, and associated with comorbidities and concurrent infections such as malnutrition, COVID-19, dengue, and cardiovascular disorders. Severe anemia, cerebral malaria, severe thrombocytopenia, and hypoglycemia are commonly seen in severe MiP, and are strongly associated with tragic consequences such as abortion and stillbirth. Congenital malaria is seen at prevalence of ~0-12.9%. Infected babies are generally small-for-gestational age, premature with low birthweight, and suffer mainly from anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and clinical jaundice. Main challenges and knowledge gaps to MiP control included diagnosis, relapsing malaria, mixed Plasmodium infection treatment, self-medication, low density infections and utility of artemisinin-based combination therapies. Conclusion All taken together, the findings could be immensely helpful to control MiP in malaria endemic areas.
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Anaguano D, Dedkhad W, Brooks CF, Cobb DW, Muralidharan V. Time-resolved proximity biotinylation implicates a porin protein in export of transmembrane malaria parasite effectors. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260506. [PMID: 37772444 PMCID: PMC10651097 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The malaria-causing parasite, Plasmodium falciparum completely remodels its host red blood cell (RBC) through the export of several hundred parasite proteins, including transmembrane proteins, across multiple membranes to the RBC. However, the process by which these exported membrane proteins are extracted from the parasite plasma membrane for export remains unknown. To address this question, we fused the exported membrane protein, skeleton binding protein 1 (SBP1), with TurboID, a rapid, efficient and promiscuous biotin ligase (SBP1TbID). Using time-resolved proximity biotinylation and label-free quantitative proteomics, we identified two groups of SBP1TbID interactors - early interactors (pre-export) and late interactors (post-export). Notably, two promising membrane-associated proteins were identified as pre-export interactors, one of which possesses a predicted translocon domain, that could facilitate the export of membrane proteins. Further investigation using conditional mutants of these candidate proteins showed that these proteins were essential for asexual growth and localize to the host-parasite interface during early stages of the intraerythrocytic cycle. These data suggest that they might play a role in ushering membrane proteins from the parasite plasma membrane for export to the host RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Anaguano
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Watcharatip Dedkhad
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Carrie F Brooks
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David W Cobb
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Vasant Muralidharan
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Febrer-Sendra B, Crego-Vicente B, Nindia A, Martínez-Campreciós J, Aixut S, Mediavilla A, Silgado A, Oliveira-Souto I, Salvador F, Molina I, Muro A, Sulleiro E, Fernández-Soto P. First field and laboratory evaluation of LAMP assay for malaria diagnosis in Cubal, Angola. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:343. [PMID: 37789462 PMCID: PMC10548721 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a globally distributed infectious disease. According to the World Health Organization, Angola is one of the six countries that account for over half the global malaria burden in terms of both malaria cases and deaths. Diagnosis of malaria still depends on microscopic examination of thin and thick blood smears and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), which often lack analytical and clinical sensitivity. Molecular methods could overcome these disadvantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time to our knowledge, the performance of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the diagnosis of malaria in an endemic area in Cubal, Angola, and to assess the reproducibility at a reference laboratory. METHODS A total of 200 blood samples from patients attended at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz, Cubal, Angola, were analysed for Plasmodium spp. detection by microscopy, RDTs, and LAMP. LAMP assay was easily performed in a portable heating block, and the results were visualized by a simple colour change. Subsequently, the samples were sent to a reference laboratory in Spain to be reanalysed by the same colorimetric LAMP assay and also in real-time LAMP format. RESULTS In field tests, a total of 67/200 (33.5%) blood samples were microscopy-positive for Plasmodium spp., 98/200 RDT positive, and 112/200 (56%) LAMP positive. Using microscopy as reference standard, field LAMP detected more microscopy-positive samples than RDTs (66/67; 98% vs. 62/67; 92.5%). When samples were reanalysed at a reference laboratory in Spain using both colorimetric and real-time assays, the overall reproducibility achieved 84.5%. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to our knowledge in which LAMP has been clinically evaluated on blood samples in a resource-poor malaria-endemic area. The colorimetric LAMP proved to be more sensitive than microscopy and RDTs for malaria diagnosis in field conditions. Furthermore, LAMP showed an acceptable level of reproducibility in a reference laboratory. The possibility to use LAMP in a real-time format in a portable device reinforces the reliability of the assay for molecular diagnosis of malaria in resource-poor laboratories in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Febrer-Sendra
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Beatriz Crego-Vicente
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Joan Martínez-Campreciós
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz, Cubal, Angola
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Mediavilla
- Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aroa Silgado
- Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Oliveira-Souto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- International Health Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- International Health Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Molina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- International Health Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Sulleiro
- Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- International Health Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain.
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Lintner Rivera M, Prager R, Gushu MB, June S, Phiri T, Salameh JP, Johnson HC, Taylor T, O'Brien NF. Point-of-care Ultrasound to Assess Hemodynamic Contributors to Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Patients With Cerebral Malaria: A Pilot Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:844-850. [PMID: 37409812 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury is common in severe malaria and is independently associated with mortality. The pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in severe malaria remains incompletely understood. Ultrasound-based tools such as point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), ultrasound cardiac output monitors (USCOMs) and renal arterial resistive index (RRI) can be used to detect hemodynamic and renal blood flow abnormalities contributing to AKI in malaria. METHODS We conducted a prospective study of Malawian children with cerebral malaria to determine the feasibility of using POCUS and USCOM to characterize hemodynamic contributors to severe AKI (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes stage 2 or 3). The primary outcome was feasibility (completion rate of study procedures). We also assessed for differences in POCUS and hemodynamic variables for patients with or without severe AKI. RESULTS We enrolled 27 patients who had admission cardiac and renal ultrasounds and USCOM. Completion rates were high for cardiac (96%), renal (100%) and USCOM studies (96%). Severe AKI occurred in 13 of 27 patients (48%). No patients had ventricular dysfunction. Only 1 patient in the severe AKI group was determined to be hypovolemic ( P = 0.64). No significant differences in USCOM, RRI or venous congestion parameters were detected among patients with and without severe AKI. Mortality was 11% (3/27) with the 3 deaths occurring in the severe AKI group ( P = 0.056). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound-based cardiac, hemodynamic and renal blood flow measurements appear to be feasible in pediatric patients with cerebral malaria. We were unable to detect hemodynamic or renal blood flow abnormalities contributing to severe AKI in cerebral malaria. Larger studies are needed to corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lintner Rivera
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland Children's Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ross Prager
- Critical Care Medicine, Schulich Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sylvester June
- Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, The Blantyre Malaria Project, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Tusekile Phiri
- Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, The Blantyre Malaria Project, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jean-Paul Salameh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hunter C Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Terrie Taylor
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI
| | - Nicole F O'Brien
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Wrynn A, Bhanot N. A case of fever in a returning traveler. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2023; 35:652-657. [PMID: 37260274 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT After the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions, international travel has demonstrated recovery to prepandemic levels. Travel, particularly to tropical regions, can be associated with contracting various infectious diseases. For this reason, collecting a travel history is a necessity when assessing any patient with vague infectious symptoms, most notably fever. Early suspicion, identification, and treatment of tropical illnesses can be lifesaving. This case study concerns a patient who recently traveled to Africa and is under evaluation for fever in the emergency department. The proper approach to the febrile traveler and the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of malaria are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wrynn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allegheny Health Network, Coraopolis, Pennsylvania
| | - Nitin Bhanot
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allegheny Health Network, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Tabassum S, Kalsoom T, Zaheer Z, Naeem A, Afifi A, Ohadi L. Reflections on the surge in malaria cases after unprecedented flooding in Pakistan-A commentary. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1620. [PMID: 37822844 PMCID: PMC10563404 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is a parasitic infection primarily caused by four main species of the genus Plasmodium, that is, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium malariae. It is transmitted through the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. It holds the status of one of the leading causes of death in the developing world. Malaria is endemic to Pakistan, and the country experienced the worst floods in its history from April to October 2022. The stagnant flood water served as a breeding ground for mosquitoes, culminating in an alarming spike in malaria cases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of cases reported till August 2022 was more than in the whole year of 2021. There was more than a twofold rise in cumulative cases in 62 high-burden Pakistani Districts in August 2022 as compared to August 2021. Aims This commentary aims to bring this emerging issue to notice and highlight the most effective probable measures to help eliminate and prevent the hazards the current outbreak poses. Results Rapid planning and execution are needed to ensure the most efficient and rapid elimination of malaria. To educate the general public, the national government must start public awareness efforts in electronic, print, and social media and deploy solar-powered mobile healthcare units to far-flung areas. Prophylactic and postexposure treatments should be planned because larvicidal preventive measures are less practical in flood-affected vicinities. Conclusion The most effective preventive strategy is drug prophylaxis, followed by insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and untreated nets. Scientists should intensify their investigations for effective medications to alleviate the malaria burden in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aroma Naeem
- King Edward Medical UniversityLahorePakistan
| | - Ahmed Afifi
- Benha University Faculty of MedicineBanhaEgypt
| | - Laya Ohadi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Mandal RK, Schmidt NW. Mechanistic insights into the interaction between the host gut microbiome and malaria. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011665. [PMID: 37824458 PMCID: PMC10569623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a devastating infectious disease and significant global health burden caused by the bite of a Plasmodium-infected female Anopheles mosquito. Gut microbiota was recently discovered as a risk factor of severe malaria. This review entails the recent advances on the impact of gut microbiota composition on malaria severity and consequence of malaria infection on gut microbiota in mammalian hosts. Additionally, this review provides mechanistic insight into interactions that might occur between gut microbiota and host immunity which in turn can modulate malaria severity. Finally, approaches to modulate gut microbiota composition are discussed. We anticipate this review will facilitate novel hypotheses to move the malaria-gut microbiome field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra K. Mandal
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nathan W. Schmidt
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, United States of America
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Siqueira-Neto JL, Wicht KJ, Chibale K, Burrows JN, Fidock DA, Winzeler EA. Antimalarial drug discovery: progress and approaches. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:807-826. [PMID: 37652975 PMCID: PMC10543600 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent antimalarial drug discovery has been a race to produce new medicines that overcome emerging drug resistance, whilst considering safety and improving dosing convenience. Discovery efforts have yielded a variety of new molecules, many with novel modes of action, and the most advanced are in late-stage clinical development. These discoveries have led to a deeper understanding of how antimalarial drugs act, the identification of a new generation of drug targets, and multiple structure-based chemistry initiatives. The limited pool of funding means it is vital to prioritize new drug candidates. They should exhibit high potency, a low propensity for resistance, a pharmacokinetic profile that favours infrequent dosing, low cost, preclinical results that demonstrate safety and tolerability in women and infants, and preferably the ability to block Plasmodium transmission to Anopheles mosquito vectors. In this Review, we describe the approaches that have been successful, progress in preclinical and clinical development, and existing challenges. We illustrate how antimalarial drug discovery can serve as a model for drug discovery in diseases of poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn J Wicht
- Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Al-Jawabreh A, Ereqat S, Al-Jawabreh A, Al-Jawabreh A, Al-Jawabreh H, Nasereddin A. Tracking the geographical origin of Plasmodium falciparum causing a rare severe case of malaria imported into Palestine, a zero-indigenous case area. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:607. [PMID: 37723449 PMCID: PMC10506290 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria cases in non-endemic zero-indigenous case areas are most likely to have been imported whatever of the route of importation. In countries recently declared malaria-free and now without local transmission, imported cases remain a threat to re-introduction of the disease and a burden on the health system. CASE PRESENTATION Three days after returning from a long trip to malaria- endemic countries; Abyei-Sudan, Chad and Uganda, a 41-year-old male resident from Jericho, Palestine, suffered paroxysms of fever, general fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, and a strong desire to vomit. Thin and thick Giemsa-stained blood smears were prepared and examined microscopically using oil immersion. Immature trophozoites (ring forms) were seen to parasitize approximately 10% of the erythrocytes revealing hyperparasitemia equivalent to > 100,000 parasites/ µl indicating severe malaria [1, 2]. The double chromatin configuration (headphones) and accolé (applique) position are both indicative of Plasmodium falciparum infection. The 18S rRNA- PCR targeting the rPLU6-rPLU5 region was used to confirm the diagnosis. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) method was carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions (Illumina® DNA Prep, (M) Tagmentation kit (20060060), Illumina) to identify Plasmodium spp. Furthermore, NGS produced a whole-genome sequence of 22.8Mbp of the 14 chromosomes and 25Kbp of the apicoplast. A BLAST search of the apicoplast DNA and selected chromosomal DNA revealed that P. falciparum was the causative agent. The merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1) was used to construct a phylogenetic tree of 26 P. falciparum, including the one isolated from the patient from Jericho, which clustered with the Sudanese isolate indicating genetic relatedness between the two. CONCLUSION The travel history together with signs and symptoms of malaria, followed by prompt diagnosis using conventional microscopic inspection of Giemsa-stained films together with molecular DNA tracking tools like msp-1 were key means in tracking the place of origin of infection in the case of travel to multiple destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Al-Jawabreh
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu Deis, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Suheir Ereqat
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu Deis, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Amer Al-Jawabreh
- Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine.
- Leishmaniases Research Unit, Jericho, Palestine.
| | - Ahmed Al-Jawabreh
- Leishmaniases Research Unit, Jericho, Palestine
- Palestine Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Hanan Al-Jawabreh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu Deis, East Jerusalem, Palestine
- Leishmaniases Research Unit, Jericho, Palestine
| | - Abedelmajeed Nasereddin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu Deis, East Jerusalem, Palestine
- Al-Quds Bard College, Al-Quds University, Abu Deis East Jerusalem, Palestine
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Pradhan S, Hore S, Roy S, Manna S, Dam P, Mondal R, Ghati A, Biswas T, Shaw S, Sharma S, Singh WS, Maji SK, Roy S, Basu A, Pandey KC, Samanta S, Vashisht K, Dolai TK, Kundu PK, Mitra S, Biswas D, Sadat A, Shokriyan M, Maity AB, Mandal AK, İnce İA. Geo-environmental factors and the effectiveness of mulberry leaf extract in managing malaria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14808. [PMID: 37684270 PMCID: PMC10491663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria prevalence has become medically important and a socioeconomic impediment for the endemic regions, including Purulia, West Bengal. Geo-environmental variables, humidity, altitude, and land use patterns are responsible for malaria. For surveillance of the endemic nature of Purulia's blocks, statistical and spatiotemporal factors analysis have been done here. Also, a novel approach for the Pf malaria treatment using methanolic leaf extract of Morus alba S1 has significantly reduced the parasite load. The EC50 value (1.852) of the methanolic extract of M. alba S1 with P. falciparum 3D7 strain is close to the EC50 value (0.998) of the standard drug chloroquine with the same chloroquine-sensitive strain. Further studies with an in-silico model have shown successful interaction between DHFR and the phytochemicals. Both 1-octadecyne and oxirane interacted favourably, which was depicted through GC-MS analysis. The predicted binary logistic regression model will help the policy makers for epidemiological surveillance in malaria-prone areas worldwide when substantial climate variables create a circumstance favourable for malaria. From the in vitro and in silico studies, it can be concluded that the methanolic extract of M. alba S1 leaves were proven to have promising antiplasmodial activity. Thus, there is a scope for policy-driven approach for discovering and developing these lead compounds and undermining the rising resistance to the frontline anti-malarial drugs in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Pradhan
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
- Hematology Department, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700014, India
| | - Samrat Hore
- Department of Statistics, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Stabak Roy
- Department of Geography and Disaster Management, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Simi Manna
- Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Paulami Dam
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Rittick Mondal
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Amit Ghati
- Department of Microbiology, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Trishanjan Biswas
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Subhajit Shaw
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India
| | | | - Suman Kumar Maji
- District Public Health Centre, Deben Mahata Government Medical College and Hospital, Purulia, West Bengal, 723101, India
| | - Sankarsan Roy
- PH and CD Branch, Office of the Chief Medical Officer of Health, Purulia, West Bengal, 723101, India
| | - Aparajita Basu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Kailash C Pandey
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India
| | - Soumadri Samanta
- Advanced Functional Nanomaterials, Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase X, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Kapil Vashisht
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India
| | - Tuphan Kanti Dolai
- Hematology Department, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700014, India
| | - Pratip Kumar Kundu
- Department of Microbiology, Santiniketan Medical College, Gobindapur, Muluk, Bolpur, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731204, India
| | - Saptarshi Mitra
- Department of Geography and Disaster Management, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Debasish Biswas
- Department of Economics, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Abdul Sadat
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Masuma Shokriyan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752, Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amit Bikram Maity
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (S.S.K.M. Hospital), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology Sciences, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India.
| | - İkbal Agah İnce
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752, Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Bansal SB, Ramasubramanian V, Prasad N, Saraf N, Soman R, Makharia G, Varughese S, Sahay M, Deswal V, Jeloka T, Gang S, Sharma A, Rupali P, Shah DS, Jha V, Kotton CN. South Asian Transplant Infectious Disease Guidelines for Solid Organ Transplant Candidates, Recipients, and Donors. Transplantation 2023; 107:1910-1934. [PMID: 36749281 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
These guidelines discuss the epidemiology, screening, diagnosis, posttransplant prophylaxis, monitoring, and management of endemic infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates, recipients, and donors in South Asia. The guidelines also provide recommendations for SOT recipients traveling to this region. These guidelines are based on literature review and expert opinion by transplant physicians, surgeons, and infectious diseases specialists, mostly from South Asian countries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) as well as transplant experts from other countries. These guidelines cover relevant endemic bacterial infections (tuberculosis, leptospirosis, melioidosis, typhoid, scrub typhus), viral infections (hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E; rabies; and the arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, Zika, Japanese encephalitis), endemic fungal infections (mucormycosis, histoplasmosis, talaromycosis, sporotrichosis), and endemic parasitic infections (malaria, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, strongyloidiasis, and filariasis) as well as travelers' diarrhea and vaccination for SOT candidates and recipients including travelers visiting this region. These guidelines are intended to be an overview of each topic; more detailed reviews are being published as a special supplement in the Indian Journal of Transplantation .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Bihari Bansal
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Medanta Institute of Kidney and Urology Medanta-Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | | | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Neeraj Saraf
- Department of Hepatology, Medanta, Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - Rajeev Soman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jupiter Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Govind Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Varughese
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manisha Sahay
- Department of Nephrology, Osmania Medical College, and Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vikas Deswal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medanta, Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - Tarun Jeloka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jupiter Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Sishir Gang
- Department of Nephrology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujrat, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Renal Transplant Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Priscilla Rupali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dibya Singh Shah
- Department of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University of Teaching hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Camille Nelson Kotton
- Transplant and Immunocompromised Host Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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He X, Wang J, Tang Y, Chiang ST, Han T, Chen Q, Qian C, Shen X, Li R, Ai X. Recent Advances of Emerging Spleen-Targeting Nanovaccines for Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300351. [PMID: 37289567 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines provide a powerful tool to modulate the immune system for human disease prevention and treatment. Classical vaccines mainly initiate immune responses in the lymph nodes (LNs) after subcutaneous injection. However, some vaccines suffer from inefficient delivery of antigens to LNs, undesired inflammation, and slow immune induction when encountering the rapid proliferation of tumors. Alternatively, the spleen, as the largest secondary lymphoid organ with a high density of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and lymphocytes, acts as an emerging target organ for vaccinations in the body. Upon intravenous administration, the rationally designed spleen-targeting nanovaccines can be internalized by the APCs in the spleen to induce selective antigen presentation to T and B cells in their specific sub-regions, thereby rapidly boosting durable cellular and humoral immunity. Herein, the recent advances of spleen-targeting nanovaccines for immunotherapy based on the anatomical architectures and functional zones of the spleen, as well as their limitations and perspectives for clinical applications are systematically summarized. The aim is to emphasize the design of innovative nanovaccines for enhanced immunotherapy of intractable diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi He
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Seok Theng Chiang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tianzhen Han
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunxi Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rongxiu Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiangzhao Ai
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Zhou Y, Deng D, Chen R, Lai C, Chen Q. Effects of antennal segments defects on blood-sucking behavior in Aedes albopictus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0276036. [PMID: 37561778 PMCID: PMC10414602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
After mating, female mosquitoes need a blood meal to promote the reproductive process. When mosquitoes bite infected people and animals, they become infected with germs such as viruses and parasites. Mosquitoes rely on many cues for host selection and localization, among which the trace chemical cues emitted by the host into the environment are considered to be the most important, and the sense of smell is the main way to perceive these trace chemical cues. However, the current understanding of the olfactory mechanism is not enough to meet the needs of mosquito control. Unlike previous studies that focused on the olfactory receptor recognition spectrum to reveal the olfactory mechanism of mosquito host localization. In this paper, based on the observation that mosquitoes with incomplete antennae still can locate the host and complete blood feeding in the laboratory, we proposed that there may be some protection or compensation mechanism in the 13 segments of antennae flagella, and only when the antennae are missing to a certain threshold will it affect the mosquito's ability to locate the host. Through rational-designed behavioral experiments, we found that the 6th and 7th flagellomeres on the Aedes albopictus antenna are important in the olfactory detection of host searching. This study preliminarily screened antennal segments important for host localization of Ae. albopictus, and provided a reference for subsequent cell biology and molecular biology studies on these segments. Meanwhile, the morphology and distribution of sensilla on each antenna flagellomere were also analyzed and discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Zhou
- Research Center of Eugenics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The first affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongyang Deng
- Research Center of Eugenics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The first affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Research Center of Eugenics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The first affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Chencen Lai
- Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Research Center of Eugenics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The first affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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41
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Obeng-Aboagye E, Frimpong A, Amponsah JA, Danso SE, Owusu EDA, Ofori MF. Inflammatory cytokines as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of severe malaria in children in Ghana. Malar J 2023; 22:220. [PMID: 37525227 PMCID: PMC10388454 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04652-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe malaria (SM) is a fatal multi-system disease which accounted for an estimated 619,000 deaths in 2021. Less than 30% of children presenting with SM are diagnosed and treated promptly, resulting in increased mortality and neurologic impairments in survivors. Studies have identified cytokine profiles that differentiate the various clinical manifestations of malaria (severe and uncomplicated). However, the diagnostic capability of these cytokines in differentiating between the disease states in terms of cut-off values has not yet been determined. METHODS The plasma levels of 22 pro-inflammatory cytokines (Eotaxin/CCL 11, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)- 2, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12p40/p70, IL-17A, RANTES, MCP-1, IL-15, IL-5, IL-1RA, IL-2R, IFN-α, IP-10, TNF, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IL-7, IL-8 and Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), and 3 anti-inflammatory cytokines-(IL-4, IL-13 and IL-10) in patients with SM, uncomplicated malaria (UM) and other febrile conditions, were measured and compared using the Human Cytokine Magnetic 25-Plex Panel. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of these cytokines. RESULTS The level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-17A, was significantly higher in the SM group as compared to the UM group. Levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines however did not differ significantly among the SM and UM groups. Only IL-1β and IL-17A showed good diagnostic potential after ROC curve analysis. CONCLUSION The data show that levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines correlate with malaria disease severity. IL-1β and IL-17A showed good diagnostic potentials and can be considered for use in clinical practice to target treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Obeng-Aboagye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Augustina Frimpong
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Jones Amo Amponsah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Ewurama D A Owusu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Fokuo Ofori
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
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Balikuddembe JK, Reinhardt JD, Zeng W, Tola H, Di B. Public health priorities for Sino-Africa cooperation in Eastern Africa in context of flooding and malaria burden in Children: a tridecadal retrospective analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1331. [PMID: 37434112 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains a major public health burden to children under five, especially in Eastern Africa (E.A), -a region that is also witnessing the increasing occurrence of floods and extreme climate change. The present study, therefore, explored the trends in floods, as well as the association of their occurrence and duration with the malaria incidence in children < 5 years in five E.A partner countries of Forum for China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), including Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, and Tanzania between 1990 and 2019. METHODS A retrospective analysis of data retrieved from two global sources was performed: the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) and the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) between 1990 and 2019. Using SPSS 20.0, a correlation was determined based on ρ= -1 to + 1, as well as the statistical significance of P = < 0.05. Time plots of trends in flooding and malaria incidence were generated in 3 different decades using R version 4.0. RESULTS Between 1990 and 2019, the occurrence and duration of floods among the five E.A partner countries of FOCAC increased and showed an upward trend. On the contrary, however, this had an inverse and negative, as well as a weak correlation on the malaria incidence in children under five years. Only Kenya, among the five countries, showed a perfect negative correction of malaria incidence in children under five with flood occurrence (ρ = -0.586**, P-value = 0.001) and duration (ρ = -0.657**, P-value = < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need for further research to comprehensively explore how different climate extreme events, which oftentimes complement floods, might be influencing the risk of malaria in children under five in five E.A malaria-endemic partner countries of FOCAC. Similarly, it ought to consider investigating the influence of other attributes apart from flood occurrence and duration, which also compound floods like displacement, malnutrition, and water, sanitation and hygiene on the risk and distribution of malaria and other climate-sensitive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kimuli Balikuddembe
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- East African Center for Disaster Health and Humanitarian Research, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Jan D Reinhardt
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwi, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The first Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Habteyes Tola
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia
| | - Baofeng Di
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Gehlot P, Vyas VK. Recent advances on patents of Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase ( PfDHODH) inhibitors as antimalarial agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:579-596. [PMID: 37942637 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2280596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pyrimidine nucleotides are essential for the parasite's growth and replication. Parasites have only a de novo pathway for the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) enzyme is involved in the rate-limiting step of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. DHODH is a biochemical target for the discovery of new antimalarial agents. AREA COVERED This review discussed the development of patented PfDHODH inhibitors published between 2007 and 2023 along with their chemical structures and activities. EXPERT OPINION PfDHODH enzyme is involved in the rate-limiting fourth step of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. Thus, inhibition of PfDHODH using species-selective inhibitors has drawn much attention for treating malaria because they inhibit parasite growth without affecting normal human functions. Looking at the current scenario of antimalarial drug resistance with most of the available antimalarial drugs, there is a huge need for targeted newer agents. Newer agents with unique mechanisms of action may be devoid of drug toxicity, adverse effects, and the ability of parasites to quickly gain resistance, and PfDHODH inhibitors can be those newer agents. Many PfDHODH inhibitors were patented in the past, and the dependency of Plasmodium on de novo pyrimidine provided a new approach for the development of novel antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Gehlot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vivek K Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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Rupar MJ, Sasserath T, Smith E, Comiter B, Sriram N, Long CJ, McAleer CW, Hickman JJ. Development of a human malaria-on-a-chip disease model for drug efficacy and off-target toxicity evaluation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10509. [PMID: 37380653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A functional, multi-organ, serum-free system was developed for the culture of P. falciparum in an attempt to establish innovative platforms for therapeutic drug development. It contains 4 human organ constructs including hepatocytes, splenocytes, endothelial cells, as well as recirculating red blood cells which allow for infection with the parasite. Two strains of P. falciparum were used: the 3D7 strain, which is sensitive to chloroquine; and the W2 strain, which is resistant to chloroquine. The maintenance of functional cells was successfully demonstrated both in healthy and diseased conditions for 7 days in the recirculating microfluidic model. To demonstrate an effective platform for therapeutic development, systems infected with the 3D7 strain were treated with chloroquine which significantly decreased parasitemia, with recrudescence observed after 5 days. Conversely, when the W2 systems were dosed with chloroquine, parasitemia levels were moderately decreased when compared to the 3D7 model. The system also allows for the concurrent evaluation of off-target toxicity for the anti-malarial treatment in a dose dependent manner which indicates this model could be utilized for therapeutic index determination. The work described here establishes a new approach to the evaluation of anti-malarial therapeutics in a realistic human model with recirculating blood cells for 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rupar
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Trevor Sasserath
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Ethan Smith
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Brandon Comiter
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Narasimhan Sriram
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Christopher J Long
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | | | - James J Hickman
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
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45
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Zheng Y, Matheeussen A, Maes L, Caljon G, Sterk GJ, Leurs R. Structural Optimization of BIPPO Analogs as Potent Antimalarials. Molecules 2023; 28:4939. [PMID: 37446602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria continues to pose a significant health threat, causing thousands of deaths each year. The limited availability of vaccines and medications, combined with the emergence of drug resistance, further complicates the fight against this disease. In this study, we aimed to enhance the antimalarial potency of the previously reported hit compound BIPPO (pIC50 5.9). Through systematic modification of pyrazolopyrimidinone analogs, we discovered the promising analog 30 (NPD-3547), which exhibited approximately one log unit higher in vitro potency (pIC50 6.8) against Plasmodium falciparum. Furthermore, we identified several other BIPPO analogs (23, 28, 29 and 47a) with potent antimalarial activity (pIC50 > 6.0) and favorable metabolic stability in mouse liver microsomes. These compounds can serve as new tools for further optimization towards the development of potential candidates for antimalarial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Geert Jan Sterk
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Dias LR, Caldas JP, Teixeira JPA, Gomes V, Babo A, Faustino AS, Baptista R, Valdoleiros SR, Santos L. Spontaneous splenic rupture due to falciparum malaria successfully treated with a conservative approach. Parasitol Int 2023; 94:102736. [PMID: 36750153 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is frequently associated with splenomegaly. However, spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare and life-threatening complication. It is mostly seen in acute infection in non-immune adults and Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum have been associated with the majority of cases. We describe a case of splenic rupture in an adult with complicated malaria by Plasmodium falciparum in which a conservative approach was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia Ribeiro Dias
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Paulo Caldas
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Virgília Gomes
- General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Babo
- General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Faustino
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Baptista
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia R Valdoleiros
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Santos
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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47
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Jena S, Gaur D, Dubey NC, Tripathi BP. Advances in paper based isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests for water-related infectious diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125089. [PMID: 37245760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Water-associated or water-related infectious disease outbreaks are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which can be transmitted through contaminated water sources, poor sanitation practices, or insect vectors. Low- and middle-income countries bear the major burden of these infections due to inadequate hygiene and subpar laboratory facilities, making it challenging to monitor and detect infections in a timely manner. However, even developed countries are not immune to these diseases, as inadequate wastewater management and contaminated drinking water supplies can also contribute to disease outbreaks. Nucleic acid amplification tests have proven to be effective for early disease intervention and surveillance of both new and existing diseases. In recent years, paper-based diagnostic devices have made significant progress and become an essential tool in detecting and managing water-associated diseases. In this review, we highlight the importance of paper and its variants as a diagnostic tool and discuss the properties, design modifications, and various paper-based device formats developed and used for detecting water-associated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikrushna Jena
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Divya Gaur
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Nidhi C Dubey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bijay P Tripathi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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48
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Gaitsch H, Franklin RJM, Reich DS. Cell-free DNA-based liquid biopsies in neurology. Brain 2023; 146:1758-1774. [PMID: 36408894 PMCID: PMC10151188 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews recent developments in the application of cell-free DNA-based liquid biopsies to neurological diseases. Over the past few decades, an explosion of interest in the use of accessible biofluids to identify and track molecular disease has revolutionized the fields of oncology, prenatal medicine and others. More recently, technological advances in signal detection have allowed for informative analysis of biofluids that are typically sparse in cells and other circulating components, such as CSF. In parallel, advancements in epigenetic profiling have allowed for novel applications of liquid biopsies to diseases without characteristic mutational profiles, including many degenerative, autoimmune, inflammatory, ischaemic and infectious disorders. These events have paved the way for a wide array of neurological conditions to benefit from enhanced diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment abilities through the use of liquid biomarkers: a 'liquid biopsy' approach. This review includes an overview of types of liquid biopsy targets with a focus on circulating cell-free DNA, methods used to identify and probe potential liquid biomarkers, and recent applications of such biomarkers to a variety of complex neurological conditions including CNS tumours, stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and neuroinfectious disease. Finally, the challenges of translating liquid biopsies to use in clinical neurology settings-and the opportunities for improvement in disease management that such translation may provide-are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Gaitsch
- NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | | | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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49
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You H, Jones MK, Gordon CA, Arganda AE, Cai P, Al-Wassiti H, Pouton CW, McManus DP. The mRNA Vaccine Technology Era and the Future Control of Parasitic Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0024121. [PMID: 36625671 PMCID: PMC10035331 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00241-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive long-term efforts, with very few exceptions, the development of effective vaccines against parasitic infections has presented considerable challenges, given the complexity of parasite life cycles, the interplay between parasites and their hosts, and their capacity to escape the host immune system and to regulate host immune responses. For many parasitic diseases, conventional vaccine platforms have generally proven ill suited, considering the complex manufacturing processes involved and the costs they incur, the inability to posttranslationally modify cloned target antigens, and the absence of long-lasting protective immunity induced by these antigens. An effective antiparasite vaccine platform is required to assess the effectiveness of novel vaccine candidates at high throughput. By exploiting the approach that has recently been used successfully to produce highly protective COVID mRNA vaccines, we anticipate a new wave of research to advance the use of mRNA vaccines to prevent parasitic infections in the near future. This article considers the characteristics that are required to develop a potent antiparasite vaccine and provides a conceptual foundation to promote the development of parasite mRNA-based vaccines. We review the recent advances and challenges encountered in developing antiparasite vaccines and evaluate the potential of developing mRNA vaccines against parasites, including those causing diseases such as malaria and schistosomiasis, against which vaccines are currently suboptimal or not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong You
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Malcolm K. Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine A. Gordon
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexa E. Arganda
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Harry Al-Wassiti
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin W. Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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50
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Breiterová KH, Ritomská A, Fontinha D, Křoustková J, Suchánková D, Hošťálková A, Šafratová M, Kohelová E, Peřinová R, Vrabec R, Francisco D, Prudêncio M, Cahlíková L. Derivatives of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloid Ambelline as Selective Inhibitors of Hepatic Stage of Plasmodium berghei Infection In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031007. [PMID: 36986868 PMCID: PMC10056443 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of malaria and the ensuing mortality prompts the development of novel antimalarial drugs. In this work, the activity of twenty-eight Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (1-28) belonging to seven different structural types was assessed, as well as twenty semisynthetic derivatives of the β-crinane alkaloid ambelline (28a-28t) and eleven derivatives of the α-crinane alkaloid haemanthamine (29a-29k) against the hepatic stage of Plasmodium infection. Six of these derivatives (28h, 28m, 28n and 28r-28t) were newly synthesized and structurally identified. The most active compounds, 11-O-(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)ambelline (28m) and 11-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)ambelline (28n), displayed IC50 values in the nanomolar range of 48 and 47 nM, respectively. Strikingly, the derivatives of haemanthamine (29) with analogous substituents did not display any significant activity, even though their structures are quite similar. Interestingly, all active derivatives were strictly selective against the hepatic stage of infection, as they did not demonstrate any activity against the blood stage of Plasmodium infection. As the hepatic stage is a bottleneck of the plasmodial infection, liver-selective compounds can be considered crucial for further development of the malaria prophylactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hradiská Breiterová
- Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Potential Drugs Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Ritomská
- Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Potential Drugs Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Prudêncio Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edf. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jana Křoustková
- Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Potential Drugs Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Suchánková
- Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Potential Drugs Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hošťálková
- Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Potential Drugs Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Šafratová
- Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Potential Drugs Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Kohelová
- Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Potential Drugs Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Rozálie Peřinová
- Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Potential Drugs Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Vrabec
- Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Potential Drugs Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Denise Francisco
- Prudêncio Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edf. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Prudêncio Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edf. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lucie Cahlíková
- Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Potential Drugs Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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