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Huang FL, Zhang B, Reinke WM, Herman KC, Sebastian J. The Seasonality of School Climate. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2023.2176160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bixi Zhang
- Missouri Prevention Science Institute, University of Missouri
| | - Wendy M. Reinke
- Missouri Prevention Science Institute, University of Missouri
| | - Keith C. Herman
- Missouri Prevention Science Institute, University of Missouri
| | - James Sebastian
- Missouri Prevention Science Institute, University of Missouri
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2
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Cree RA, Bitsko RH, Danielson ML, Wanga V, Holbrook J, Flory K, Kubicek LF, Evans SW, Owens JS, Cuffe SP. Surveillance of ADHD Among Children in the United States: Validity and Reliability of Parent Report of Provider Diagnosis. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:111-123. [PMID: 36326292 PMCID: PMC9843610 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221131979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the appropriateness of parent-reported diagnosis of ADHD as a surveillance tool. METHOD We assessed agreement over time and concordance of parent-reported diagnosis against Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-based criteria. We compared concordance of diagnosis and DSM-based criteria by child characteristics, including treatment. RESULTS Among parents who reported their child had ADHD, 95.7% reported it again 2 years later. Comparing diagnosis with DSM-based criteria, specificity and negative predictive value were high, sensitivity was moderate, and positive predictive value was low. Most children with an ADHD diagnosis who did not meet DSM-based criteria met sub-threshold criteria or took medication for ADHD. Concordance differed by child characteristics and treatment. CONCLUSION Parent-reported diagnosed ADHD is reliable over time. Although differences in parent-reported diagnosis and DSM-based criteria were noted, these may reflect children with milder symptoms or treated ADHD. Parent-report of child ADHD ever diagnosis may be a good single-item indicator for prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A. Cree
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Valentine Wanga
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph Holbrook
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kate Flory
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven P. Cuffe
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
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Ellinger J, Mess F, Blaschke S, Mall C. Health-related quality of life, motivational regulation and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in Education Outside the Classroom: an explorative longitudinal pilot study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:49. [PMID: 34998374 PMCID: PMC8742160 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given a suboptimal state of mental health among children, an urgent need exists to seek approaches related to health promotion in this population's settings, such as in schools. Increased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and improved school motivation could be crucial for children's mental health. Based on self-determination theory, paths can be identified that could lead to such improvements by strengthening the basic psychological needs (BPN). This study aimed to examine the impact on and the relationships among HRQoL, school motivation and BPN within the promising concept of education outside the classroom (EOtC). METHODS In this exploratory study, we employed a between-subjects cohort study design with no blinding or randomisation. We surveyed fifth graders (mean = 10.1 years) attending EOtC (experimental group [EG], n = 25) and normal indoor lessons (control group, [CG], n = 41) at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of a semester. We used the translations of validated questionnaires and established linear mixed-effects models to evaluate whether the students in EOtC show higher scores of HRQoL and school motivation and, whether the satisfaction of BPN of autonomy (PAut), competence (PCom), social relatedness with classmates (PSRC) and teachers (PSRT) show associations with these outcomes. RESULTS Regarding intrinsic and identified motivational regulation, results showed significant increases over time in the overall sample and significant higher scores in the EG than in the CG. For HRQoL, no group differences were found, but a significant decrease over time in the EG. Regarding possible associations between the outcomes and BPN, such could only be found between HRQoL and PSRC, but not for the other BPN and not for motivational regulation and BPN. CONCLUSIONS Without having been able to explain this on the basis of increased BPN values, our results show that EOtC can support improvements in specific regulation types of school motivation. This could contribute to an improvement in the mental health situation in children, as school represents a major stressor for them. Future steps in terms of researching HRQoL in this setting are discussed, as this pilot study does preliminary work for necessary examinations, e.g. in structural equation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ellinger
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Associate Professorship of Didactics in Sport and Health, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992, Munich, Germany.
| | - Filip Mess
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Associate Professorship of Didactics in Sport and Health, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Blaschke
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Associate Professorship of Didactics in Sport and Health, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Mall
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Associate Professorship of Didactics in Sport and Health, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992, Munich, Germany
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Telling friend from foe in emergency vertigo and dizziness: does season and daytime of presentation help in the differential diagnosis? J Neurol 2020; 267:118-125. [PMID: 32654062 PMCID: PMC7718175 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Distinguishing between serious (e.g., stroke) and benign (e.g., benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, BPPV) disorders remains challenging in emergency consultations for vertigo and dizziness (VD). A number of clues from patient history and clinical examination, including several diagnostic index tests have been reported recently. The objective of the present study was to analyze frequency and distribution patterns of specific vestibular and non-vestibular diagnoses in an interdisciplinary university emergency room (ER), including data on daytime and season of presentation. A retrospective chart analysis of all patients seen in a one-year period was performed. In the ER 4.23% of all patients presented with VD (818 out of 19,345). The most frequent-specific diagnoses were BPPV (19.9%), stroke/transient ischemic attack (12.5%), acute unilateral vestibulopathy/vestibular neuritis (UVH; 8.3%), and functional VD (8.3%). Irrespective of the diagnosis, the majority of patients presented to the ER between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. There are, however, seasonal differences. BPPV was most prevalent in December/January and rare in September. UVH was most often seen in October/November; absolute and relative numbers were lowest in August. Finally, functional/psychogenic VD was common in summer and autumn with highest numbers in September/October and lowest numbers in March. In summary, daytime of presentation did not distinguish between diagnoses as most patients presented during normal working hours. Seasonal presentation revealed interesting fluctuations. The UVH peak in autumn supports the viral origin of the condition (vestibular neuritis). The BPPV peak in winter might be related to reduced physical activity and low vitamin D. However, it is likely that multiple factors contribute to the fluctuations that have to be disentangled in further studies.
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Vogel SWN, Ten Have ML, Bijlenga D, de Graaf R, Beekman ATF, Kooij JJS. Seasonal Variations in the Severity of ADHD Symptoms in the Dutch General Population. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:924-930. [PMID: 27199240 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716649663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is the first study to examine self-reported seasonal differences in the severity of ADHD symptoms in adults from the general population. METHOD Data were analyzed from N = 5,303 respondents participating in the second wave of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2, a population-based study on mental health. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener. As indicators of the severity of ADHD symptoms, the total ADHD symptom score and inattention and hyperactivity subscale scores were examined. RESULTS Compared with participants who were assessed in autumn, total ADHD and inattention subscale scores were significantly higher among participants who were assessed in spring or summer; the hyperactivity subscale score was significantly higher in spring. CONCLUSION We found seasonal variations in the severity of ADHD symptoms, which was highest in those assessed in spring and summer. Researchers should be aware of this in the diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan W N Vogel
- 1 PsyQ, Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet L Ten Have
- 2 Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Bijlenga
- 1 PsyQ, Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Ron de Graaf
- 2 Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - J J Sandra Kooij
- 1 PsyQ, Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands.,3 VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Soreni N, Cameron DH, Streiner DL, Rowa K, McCabe RE. Seasonality Patterns of Internet Searches on Mental Health: Exploratory Infodemiology Study. JMIR Ment Health 2019; 6:e12974. [PMID: 31017582 PMCID: PMC6505370 DOI: 10.2196/12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of seasonal patterns of public interest in psychiatric disorders has important theoretical and practical implications for service planning and delivery. The recent explosion of internet searches suggests that mining search databases yields unique information on public interest in mental health disorders, which is a significantly more affordable approach than population health studies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate seasonal patterns of internet mental health queries in Ontario, Canada. METHODS Weekly data on health queries in Ontario from Google Trends were downloaded for a 5-year period (2012-2017) for the terms "schizophrenia," "autism," "bipolar," "depression," "anxiety," "OCD" (obsessive-compulsive disorder), and "suicide." Control terms were overall search results for the terms "health" and "how." Time-series analyses using a continuous wavelet transform were performed to isolate seasonal components in the search volume for each term. RESULTS All mental health queries showed significant seasonal patterns with peak periodicity occurring over the winter months and troughs occurring during summer, except for "suicide." The comparison term "health" also exhibited seasonal periodicity, while the term "how" did not, indicating that general information seeking may not follow a seasonal trend in the way that mental health information seeking does. CONCLUSIONS Seasonal patterns of internet search volume in a wide range of mental health terms were observed, with the exception of "suicide." Our study demonstrates that monitoring internet search trends is an affordable, instantaneous, and naturalistic method to sample public interest in large populations and inform health policy planners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Soreni
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Duncan H Cameron
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David L Streiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Rowa
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Randi E McCabe
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Basnet S, Merikanto I, Lahti T, Männistö S, Laatikainen T, Vartiainen E, Partonen T. Seasonal variations in mood and behavior associate with common chronic diseases and symptoms in a population-based study. Psychiatry Res 2016; 238:181-188. [PMID: 27086231 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess how seasonality is associated with some of the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the general Finnish population. The global seasonality score (GSS) was used to measure the magnitude of seasonality in 4689 participants, in addition to which they reported the extent to which the seasonal variations in mood and behavior were experienced as a problem. Regression models and the odds ratios were adopted to analyze the associations adjusted for a range of covariates. Seventy percent of the participants had seasonal variations in sleep duration, social activity, mood, or energy level, and forty percent those in weight and appetite. Angina pectoris and depression were significantly associated with seasonality throughout the analysis. Hypertension, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, other (than rheumatoid) joint diseases and other (than depressive) psychological illnesses were significantly associated with experiencing a problem due to the seasonal variations, with an increase in the GSS, and with seasonal affective disorder and its subsyndromal form. The co-occurrence of the seasonal variations in mood and behavior with certain common NCDs warrants future research to have insights into the etiology and potentially shared pathways and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaron Basnet
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Behavioral Sciences and Philosophy, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli Lahti
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Behavioral Sciences and Philosophy, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Vartiainen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
A case of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with seasonal variation in symptoms of 10-years duration is reported because of its rarity. The phenomenology of the observed disorder was obsessions related to dirt and contamination resulting in washing compulsions with onset in October and complete resolution in April-May every year. The patient responded to phototherapy along with exposure and response prevention therapy and pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakriti Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Tata Motors Hospital, Jamshedpur, India
| | | | | | - Suprakash Chaudhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra, India
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Goodwin RD, Hottinger K, Pena L, Chacko A, Feldman J, Wamboldt MZ, Hoven C. Asthma and mental health among youth in high-risk service settings. J Asthma 2014; 51:639-44. [PMID: 24628526 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2014.897728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of asthma and mental health problems among representative samples of youth in high-risk service settings and the community, and to examine the relationship between asthma and mental health in these groups. METHODS Data were drawn from the Alternative Service Use Patterns of Youth with Serious Emotional Disturbance Study (SED) (n = 1181), a combined representative, cross-sectional sample of youth in various clinical settings and the community. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between asthma and mental disorders. Demographic characteristics were investigated as potential confounders. RESULTS Asthma was common among 15.2% of youth in service settings and 18.8% of youth in the community. The prevalence of mental disorders was extremely high among youth with and without asthma in all service settings, and asthma was associated with increased prevalence of mental disorders among youth in the community, but not among youth in service settings. The relationship between asthma and internalizing disorders among youth in the community does not appear entirely attributable to confounding by demographics. CONCLUSIONS Findings are consistent with and extend previous data by showing that both asthma and mental disorders are disproportionately common among youth in high-risk service settings. Almost half of youth with asthma in service settings meet diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder. Clinicians and policy makers who are responsible for the health care of youth in these high-risk groups should be aware that asthma is common, and that the prevalence of internalizing disorders are especially common among those with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee D Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York (CUNY) , NY , USA
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Camenga DR, Kong G, Bagot K, Hoff RA, Potenza MN, Krishnan-Sarin S. Marijuana and alcohol use and attempted smoking cessation in adolescent boys and girls. Subst Abus 2014; 35:381-6. [PMID: 25174418 PMCID: PMC4268029 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2014.958207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to determine the relationship between the frequency of current marijuana and alcohol use and cigarette quit attempts in male and female adolescent smokers. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional survey of health behaviors in high-school-aged adolescents were analyzed. Current cigarette smokers (n = 804) who reported use of at least 1 cigarette in the past month were divided into those with and without a history of at least 1 quit attempt (a self-reported episode of trying to "stop smoking"). Logistic regression models were fit to describe the association between the frequency of marijuana/alcohol use and a history of cigarette quit attempts. RESULTS Among the total sample, higher-frequency marijuana use (more than 6 times in the past 30 days) and frequent binge drinking (more than 5 days of binge drinking in the past 30 days) decreased the odds of having a past cigarette quit attempt (higher-frequency marijuana: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36-0.86; frequent binge drinking: AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.29-0.83). A significant gender interaction was observed for the relationship between higher-frequency marijuana use and a history of cigarette quit attempts (P = .03), with decreased odds in boys (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.22-0.77) but not in girls (AOR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.37-1.33). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent smokers who report higher-frequency marijuana use or frequent binge drinking have a decreased likelihood of a history of a cigarette quit attempt. The gender-related association between higher-frequency marijuana use and a history of quit attempts suggests that boys with greater substance use may need particularly intensive support to initiate quit attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa R Camenga
- a Department of Pediatrics , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut , USA
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Intra-regional assortative sociality may be better explained by social network dynamics rather than pathogen risk avoidance. Behav Brain Sci 2012; 35:96-7. [PMID: 22289188 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x11001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fincher & Thornhill's (F&T's) model is not entirely supported by common patterns of affect behaviors among people who live under varying climatic conditions and among people who endorse varying levels of (Western) religiosity and conservative political ideals. The authors' model is also unable to account for intra-regional heterogeneity in assortative sociality, which, we argue, can be better explained by a framework that emphasizes the differential expression of fundamental social cues for maintaining distinct social network structures.
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Schuppert HM, Giesen-Bloo J, van Gemert TG, Wiersema HM, Minderaa RB, Emmelkamp PMG, Nauta MH. Effectiveness of an emotion regulation group training for adolescents--a randomized controlled pilot study. Clin Psychol Psychother 2010; 16:467-78. [PMID: 19630069 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Emotion Regulation Training (ERT) was developed for adolescents with symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and emotion dysregulation. ERT is an adaptation of the Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) programme. This paper describes the background of the programme, and gives an outline of the treatment programme. The effectiveness of ERT was examined in a randomized controlled pilot study with 43 youth (aged 14-19 years) in five mental health centres in the Netherlands. Subjects were assessed before and after random assignment to ERT plus treatment as usual (TAU) (n = 23) or to TAU alone (n = 20). Outcome measures included assessment of BPD symptoms, locus of control, and internalizing and externalizing behaviour. Both groups showed equal reductions in BPD symptoms over time. The group receiving ERT plus TAU (and not the TAU-only group) had a significant increase in internal locus of control: ERT participants reported more sense of control over their own mood swings, and attributed changes in mood swings not only to external factors. The study was complicated by a high attrition. The implications of the findings are discussed, including the difficulties inherent in treating and researching an adolescent population, and the need for researchers to develop age-appropriate assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Marieke Schuppert
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
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A socio-relational framework of sex differences in the expression of emotion. Behav Brain Sci 2009; 32:375-90; discussion 391-428. [PMID: 19825246 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x09991075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite a staggering body of research demonstrating sex differences in expressed emotion, very few theoretical models (evolutionary or non-evolutionary) offer a critical examination of the adaptive nature of such differences. From the perspective of a socio-relational framework, emotive behaviors evolved to promote the attraction and aversion of different types of relationships by advertising the two most parsimonious properties of reciprocity potential, or perceived attractiveness as a prospective social partner. These are the individual's (a) perceived capacity or ability to provide expedient resources, or to inflict immediate harm onto others, and their (b) perceived trustworthiness or probability of actually reciprocating altruism (Vigil 2007). Depending on the unique social demands and relational constraints that each sex evolved, individuals should be sensitive to advertise "capacity" and "trustworthiness" cues through selective displays of dominant versus submissive and masculine versus feminine emotive behaviors, respectively. In this article, I introduce the basic theoretical assumptions and hypotheses of the framework, and show how the models provide a solid scaffold with which to begin to interpret common sex differences in the emotional development literature. I conclude by describing how the framework can be used to predict condition-based and situation-based variation in affect and other forms of expressive behaviors.
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van de Looij-Jansen PM, de Wilde EJ, Mieloo CL, Donker MCH, Verhulst FC. Seasonal variation in self-reported health and health-related behaviour in Dutch adolescents. Public Health 2009; 123:686-8. [PMID: 19783266 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Oyane NMF, Bjelland I, Pallesen S, Holsten F, Bjorvatn B. Seasonality is associated with anxiety and depression: the Hordaland health study. J Affect Disord 2008; 105:147-55. [PMID: 17573120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess how seasonal changes in mood and behaviour were associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in a sample from a general population, and to investigate how prevalence figures were affected by month of questionnaire completion. METHODS The target population included all individuals in the Hordaland county (Norway) born 1953-57 (N=29,400). In total, 8598 men (57% response rate) and 9983 women (70% response rate) attended the screening station. Half of the men (randomly chosen) and all of the women were offered a questionnaire to fill in with items on seasonality. This was measured using the Global Seasonality Score (GSS), a central component of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety and depression. Both questionnaires were completed by 2980 men (68.9%) and 8074 women (80.9%). RESULTS Seasonality was positively associated with levels of both anxiety and depression regardless of the season the interview took place. In subjects with a low/moderate degree of seasonality there were modestly higher levels of depressive symptoms during November through March than the other months. LIMITATIONS We had a substantial number of non-responders. CONCLUSIONS Our results raise the possibility of seasonality being a separate dimensional trait associated with both anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas M F Oyane
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Norway.
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Fontenelle LF, Hasler G. The analytical epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: risk factors and correlates. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:1-15. [PMID: 17689849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 06/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this qualitative systematic review, we evaluate studies of the demographic, innate, and environmental risk factors and correlates associated with the development of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in epidemiological samples. We found that a significant proportion of the studies indicate that late adolescence is a period of increased vulnerability for the development of OCD; that OCD affects predominantly female adults and male children and adolescents; that those who are unmarried or abusing drugs are more likely to present with OCD; that OCD is a familial and genetic disorder, particularly when one considers symptom dimensions instead of categorical diagnosis and when the disorder begins at an early age; and that individuals with OCD from the community, like those seen in clinical settings, may be especially prone to present psychiatric conditions such as mood and anxiety disorders. Although there are plenty of data on the correlates and risk factors of OCD in epidemiological samples, more research is needed on other potential risk factors, including obstetrical and pregnancy problems, pre-morbid neurocognitive functioning, and streptococcal infections, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo F Fontenelle
- Anxiety and Depression Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
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Murphy TK, Snider LA, Mutch PJ, Harden E, Zaytoun A, Edge PJ, Storch EA, Yang MCK, Mann G, Goodman WK, Swedo SE. Relationship of movements and behaviors to Group A Streptococcus infections in elementary school children. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 61:279-84. [PMID: 17126304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS) research is based on the hypothesis that infections trigger changes in behavior and movement in children. METHODS We enrolled 693 children (ages 3 to 12 years) into a systematic, longitudinal study. Data were collected monthly for 8 months (October-May) to determine point prevalence of Group A Streptococcal (GAS) infections, tics, behavior, and choreiform movements. Simultaneous throat cultures were obtained, and relational analyses were made between GAS and movement/observation ratings. RESULTS Combined behavior/GAS associations (concurrent with or 3 subsequent months to GAS) revealed a strong relationship, relative risk (RR) of 1.71 (p < .0001). Detailed analysis revealed that balance/swaying and non-tic grimacing were responsible for a significant proportion of this association (RR = 2.92, p < .0001). A strong seasonal pattern was found, with fall being more significant for GAS infections and observation ratings (p < .0001) compared with winter/spring. Children with repeated streptococcus (n = 64) showed higher rates of behavior and distal choreiform observations (p = .005). CONCLUSIONS Motor/behavior changes were noted to occur in relationship to positive GAS culture with support that repeated GAS increases risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya K Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
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Cohen P, Kasen S, Chen H, Gordon K, Berenson K, Brook J, White T. Current affairs and the public psyche: American anxiety in the post 9/11 world. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2006; 41:251-60. [PMID: 16501884 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-006-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most recent wave of interviews in a longitudinal study spanned the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. This unintended "natural experiment" allows examination of effects of traumatic events in ways impossible in studies conducted solely after the event and in populations not previously studied. METHODS Participants were 610 members of the randomly selected Children in the Community cohort studied longitudinally for over 25 years and between ages 27 and 38 at the time of the current in-home interviews. Symptoms of generalized anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, dissociation, and depression were assessed with an adaptation of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnosis. Changes in self-reported symptoms from an assessment 10 years earlier were related to the date of interview between 7/2001 and 12/2003 by polynomial regression methods, including demographic and design controls. Diagnoses based on clinical follow-up were also examined. RESULTS In contrast to other data on this cohort where timing effects were absent, levels of symptoms were related to time of interview. The months following 9/11/2001 and the two anniversary periods in 2002 and 2003 showed significant elevation in anxiety symptoms (t = 2.50, df = 608, P = 0.013) with some evidence of elevated anxiety disorder as well (Fisher's exact test P = 0.096). Similar patterns were seen for specific anxiety and depressive symptom groups. Effects of religious participation, patriotism, having offspring, and media exposure on anxiety symptoms tended to differ by season, but the effect of community involvement did not. Proximity to New York City was not significantly related to symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest that young Americans showed symptomatic and, possibly, diagnostic anxiety reactions to the events of 9/11 that persisted in response to heightened awareness of ongoing threat during anniversary periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cohen
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Colwell B, Ramirez N, Koehly L, Stevens S, Smith DW, Creekmur S. Seasonal variations in the initiation of smoking among adolescents. Nicotine Tob Res 2006; 8:239-43. [PMID: 16766416 DOI: 10.1080/14622200600576503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have identified a variety of reasons that youths give for starting smoking. Few efforts have been made, however, to identify seasonal variations in initiation. This study was an attempt to fill that void. We examined data from 342 youths participating in a mandated smoking education and cessation program in Texas. Data were collected based on responses to questions in participant workbooks, including an item asking participants about the month in which they started smoking. A total of 47% of the participants indicated that they started smoking in May through August (chi2 = 91.42, df = 3). Post-hoc analyses indicated that significantly more youths than expected began smoking in May and June, whereas significantly fewer youths than expected began smoking in September and November. Unsupervised time out of school during the first months of summer vacation is a period of increased danger for smoking initiation. The significantly lower rates during September seem to be related to the beginning of school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Colwell
- Texas A&M School of Rural Public Health, Department of Social & Behavioral Health, College Station, TX 77843-1266, USA.
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Purper-Ouakil D, Wohl M, Michel G, Mouren MC, Gorwood P. [Symptom variations in ADHD: importance of context, development and comorbidity]. Encephale 2005; 30:533-9. [PMID: 15738855 DOI: 10.1016/s0013-7006(04)95467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) is a common disorder in school-aged children and is associated with significant impairment in social and academic functioning. Its recognition is based on congruent information from different sources, because most ADHD children and adolescents are not completely aware of impairments caused by inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Fluctuations in symptom expression may complicate the diagnosis: during clinical examination or tests sessions, ADHD symptoms may be less severe than usual or completely absent. This review examines variations in ADHD symptoms due to environmental context, internal state, circadian factors, development, psychiatric comorbidity and discusses their clinical relevance. Generally, ADHD symptoms are pervasive and identified in different areas of functioning. Despite their chronicity, they show a relative context-dependency. An unfamiliar environment or situation may lessen symptoms. The same happens in dual relations or in calm settings, when the child receives attention and positive reinforcement from the adult. On the contrary, the classroom situation with its high stimulation level (noise, visual distractors, large class size) is likely to reveal or accentuate instability, impulsivity and inattention. Independently from objective symptom fluctuations, the impact of ADHD symptoms, and their consequences on self-esteem may also vary with the degree of environmental mismatch. Recent research in experimental psychology also draws attention to the motivational state of ADHD children: preference for immediate gratification and delay aversion may explain why most of them show satisfactory attentional capacities in certain activities (for instance video games or TV), while showing impairment in school work or in other effortful tasks. The diagnosis of the full ADHD syndrome requires significant impact on functioning in at least two areas. Some children with "situational" ADHD are impaired either in school setting or exclusively at home. Manuzza et al. report long-term outcome of "situational" versus "pervasive" ADHD. School-ADHD, in opposition to home-ADHD shows similarities with the full blown syndrome, as regards proportion of anti-social personality disorder, psycho-social functioning and academic/professional achievements. Moderate seasonal variations have also been identified with less ADHD symptoms in August. This result is likely to reflect a better fit between individual characteristics and environmental demands during school holidays rather than neurobiological changes, as there are no convincing arguments for seasonal fluctuations of serotoninergic tone in ADHD. Another cause for variations in ADHD symptom expression may be the co-occurrence of a mood disorder. Relationships between early-onset mania and ADHD are discussed. The appropriate definition of prepubertal mania is still in debate; its recognition is hindered by symptom overlap and high level of comorbid conditions. Chronic emotional dysregulation with irritability and frequent temper tantrums, sometimes viewed as characteristics of early-onset mania, might reflect a--possibly severe--sub-type of ADHD rather than a prodrome of bipolarity. A marked cyclicity of symptoms, with periodic accentuation of ADHD and mood symptoms, requires careful monitoring and systematic analysis of comorbid conditions. Clarification of the complex interrelations between ADHD and bipolar disorder will be obtained from long-term studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Purper-Ouakil
- Psychiatre Attachée, Service de Psychopathologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
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Tustin K, Gross J, Hayne H. Maternal exposure to first-trimester sunshine is associated with increased birth weight in human infants. Dev Psychobiol 2005; 45:221-30. [PMID: 15549686 DOI: 10.1002/dev.20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two alternative hypotheses have been generated to account for seasonal variation in the birth weight of human infants born in industrialized countries. First, it has been hypothesized that low ambient temperature during the second trimester of gestation decreases birth weight. Second, it has been hypothesized that exposure to bright sunshine during the first trimester increases birth weight. We tested these two hypotheses to determine which, if either, accounted for seasonal variation in birth weight of full-term infants. Birth weight data, collected over a 5-year period, were analyzed as a function of peak and trough sunshine and ambient temperature. Although there was no effect of ambient temperature during any trimester on birth weight, infants whose mothers were exposed to peak sunshine during their first trimester were born significantly heavier than infants whose mothers experienced trough levels of sunshine during the same trimester. Furthermore, infants whose mothers were exposed to trough levels of sunshine during their second and third trimesters were born significantly heavier than infants whose mothers were exposed to peak levels of sunshine during the same trimesters. We hypothesize that high levels of sunshine during early gestation may increase the level of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, facilitating prenatal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tustin
- Psychology Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Novins DK, Barón AE. American Indian substance use: the hazards for substance use initiation and progression for adolescents aged 14 to 20 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004; 43:316-24. [PMID: 15076265 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200403000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the risks and risk factors for substance use initiation and progression among a large sample of American Indian (AI) adolescents. METHOD Data came from surveys completed by 2,356 AI adolescents aged 14 to 20 years who participated in two or more consecutive waves of a longitudinal study between 1993 and 1996 (response rate 74%). Discrete-time survival analysis was used to describe the risks and risk factors for substance use initiation and progression. RESULTS The risk for initiating use of any substance accelerated in early adolescence and peaked at age 18. The risk for progression from use of alcohol, marijuana, and/or inhalants to the use of other illicit drugs (e.g., cocaine) increased over the first 4.5 years after initiating substance use, then diminished in subsequent years. The risk of substance use initiation and progression varied across the four participating communities and by season of the year. Compared to adolescents who initiated substance use with alcohol only, adolescents who initiated substance use with marijuana or inhalants were more likely to progress to use other illicit drugs. CONCLUSIONS Prevention programs for AI communities should be designed to address these community, age, and seasonal variations in the risks for substance use initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas K Novins
- National Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Wachs TD. Expanding Our View of Context: The Bio-ecological Environment and Development. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2004; 31:363-409. [PMID: 14528666 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2407(03)31009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore D Wachs
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Kovalenko PA, Hoven CW, Wu P, Wicks J, Mandell DJ, Tiet Q. Association between allergy and anxiety disorders in youth. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2001; 35:815-21. [PMID: 11990892 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have documented associations between anxiety disorders and allergy in adults, but these associations have not been studied extensively in children. The objective of this study is to examine the associations between allergy and six anxiety disorders (AD) in youth. METHOD This is a data analysis of two epidemiologic-services studies: (i) alternative service use patterns of youth with serious emotional disturbance (n = 936), and (ii) methods for the epidemiology of child and adolescent mental disorders (n = 1285). Child psychiatric diagnoses were measured by the diagnostic interview schedule for children. Allergy was assessed by the service utilization and risk factors interview. RESULTS Among ADs, the strongest association found was between allergy and panic disorder (adjusted odds ratio 5.0; p < or = 0.001). Associations of allergy and the other ADs do not seem to be clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that in some patients panic disorder may be associated with hypersensitivity of immune system. Panic disorder should be considered in anxious children reporting allergy when no organic cause of allergy is found, and likewise allergy should considered in children with panic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Kovalenko
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioural Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0126, USA.
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