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Liang C, Song R, Zhang J, Yao J, Guan Z, Zeng X. Melatonin enhances NK cell function in aged mice by increasing T-bet expression via the JAK3-STAT5 signaling pathway. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:59. [PMID: 39237911 PMCID: PMC11375890 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial innate immune cells that provide defense against viruses and tumors. However, aging is associated with alterations in NK cell composition and compromised cell functions. Melatonin, known for its anti-tumor effects, has been reported to improve NK cell function. However, the molecular mechanism underlying melatonin's effect on senescent NK cells remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which melatonin enhances the function of senescent NK cells. Our findings revealed that melatonin significantly increased the number and function of NK cells in aging mice. The results suggest that melatonin enhances NK cell proliferation, degranulation, and IFN-γ secretion. Further investigations demonstrated that melatonin promotes NK cell maturation and activation, mainly via the JAK3/STAT5 signaling pathway, leading to increased expression of T-bet. These discoveries provide a theoretical basis for potential immunotherapy strategies based on melatonin-mediated modulation of NK cell function in aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Liang
- Laboratory Center of The Sixth affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongrong Song
- Laboratory Center of The Sixth affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Laboratory Center of The Sixth affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Clinical Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ziyuan Guan
- Department of Emergency, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, China.
| | - Xiaokang Zeng
- Laboratory Center of The Sixth affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong, China.
- Central Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Das A, Mitra A, Ghosh S, Sarkar S, Pal PK, Bandyopadhyay D, Chattopadhyay S. Arsenic-induced transition of thymic inflammation-to-fibrosis involves Stat3-Twist1 interaction: Melatonin to the rescue. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 39096306 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater arsenic is a notorious toxicant and exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations persists as a healthcare burden across the world. Arsenic has been reported to jeopardize the normal functioning of the immune system, but there are still gaps in the understanding of thymic T cell biology. Immunotoxic influence of arsenic in thymic integrity demands a potent restorative molecule. The objectives of this study were to examine key signaling cross-talks associated with arsenic-induced immune alterations in the thymus and propose melatonin as a potential candidate against immunological complications arising from arsenic exposure. Swiss albino mice were exposed to sodium arsenite (0.05 mg/L; in drinking water) and melatonin (IP:10 mg/kg BW) for 28 days. Melatonin successfully protected thymus from arsenic-mediated tissue degeneration and maintained immune homeostasis including T cell maturation and proliferation by mitigating oxidative stress through Nrf2 upregulation. Additionally, melatonin exerted ameliorative effect against arsenic-induced apoptosis and inflammation by inhibiting p53-mediated mitochondrial cell death pathway and NF-κB-p65/STAT3-mediated proinflammatory pathway, respectively. For the first time, we showed that arsenic-induced profibrotic changes were inhibited by melatonin through targeting of inflammation-associated EMT. Our findings clearly demonstrate that melatonin can be a viable and promising candidate in combating arsenic-induced immune toxicity with no collateral damage, making it an important research target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Ankan Mitra
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Swaimanti Sarkar
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Palash Kumar Pal
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sreya Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CRNN), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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3
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Megha KB, Arathi A, Shikha S, Alka R, Ramya P, Mohanan PV. Significance of Melatonin in the Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and Disease Management. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5541-5571. [PMID: 38206471 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin, the 'hormone of darkness' is a neuronal hormone secreted by the pineal gland and other extra pineal sites. Responsible for the circadian rhythm and seasonal behaviour of vertebrates and mammals, melatonin is responsible for regulating various physiological conditions and the maintenance of sleep, body weight and the neuronal activities of the ocular sites. With its unique amphiphilic structure, melatonin can cross the cellular barriers and elucidate its activities in the subcellular components, including mitochondria. Melatonin is a potential scavenger of oxygen and nitrogen-reactive species and can directly obliterate the ROS and RNS by a receptor-independent mechanism. It can also regulate the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in various pathological conditions and exhibit therapeutic activities against neurodegenerative, psychiatric disorders and cancer. Melatonin is also found to show its effects on major organs, particularly the brain, liver and heart, and also imparts a role in the modulation of the immune system. Thus, melatonin is a multifaceted candidate with immense therapeutic potential and is still considered an effective supplement on various therapies. This is primarily due to rectification of aberrant circadian rhythm by improvement of sleep quality associated with risk development of neurodegenerative, cognitive, cardiovascular and other metabolic disorders, thereby enhancing the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Megha
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - A Arathi
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - Saini Shikha
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Rao Alka
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prabhu Ramya
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Government Arts College, Trivandrum, 695 014, India
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India.
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4
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Pejon TMM, Pereira GB, de Castro CA, Anibal FDF, Beck WR. Effects of 12 Weeks of Daily Melatonin Administration on Inflammatory Markers and Adipose Tissue Mass of Rats under Hypoestrogenism. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:740. [PMID: 38792922 PMCID: PMC11122738 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The hormonal state of hypoestrogenism is associated with the accumulation of white adipose tissue, which can induce an increase in pro-inflammatory markers, leading to progressive health complications. Melatonin can act on adipose tissue mass, promoting its reduction and influencing inflammation, reducing IL-6 and releasing IL-10, pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, respectively. However, the role of melatonin regarding such parameters under the context of hypoestrogenism remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 12 weeks of hypoestrogenism and melatonin on white adipose tissue mass and circulating levels of IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β-1, and leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Materials and Methods: The animals (Wistar rats with sixteen weeks of age at the beginning of the experiment) under hypoestrogenism were submitted to the surgical technique of bilateral ovariectomy. The animals received melatonin (10 mg·kg-1) or vehicles by orogastric gavage every day for 12 weeks and administration occurred systematically 1 h after the beginning of the dark period. White adipose tissue (perigonadal, peritoneal, and subcutaneous) was collected for mass recording, while blood was collected for the serum determination of IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β-1, and LTC4. Results: Hypoestrogenism increased the perigonadal and subcutaneous mass and IL-6 levels. Melatonin kept hypoestrogenic animals in physiological conditions similar to the control group and increased thymus tissue mass. Conclusions: Hypoestrogenism appears to have a negative impact on white adipose tissue mass and IL-6 and although melatonin commonly exerts a significant effect in preventing these changes, this study did not have a sufficiently negative impact caused by hypoestrogenism for melatonin to promote certain benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciane Maria Melges Pejon
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme Borges Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
| | - Cynthia Aparecida de Castro
- Laboratory of Pathology and Biocompatibility, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
| | - Wladimir Rafael Beck
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Moein S, Alipourian A, Qujeq D, Malakoti F, Alemi F, Yousefi B, Khazaie S. Melatonin and inflammatory bowel disease: From basic mechanisms to clinical application. Biochimie 2022; 209:20-36. [PMID: 36535545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease and has periods of recurrence and remission. Improper immune responses to gut flora bacteria, along with genetic susceptibility, appear to be involved in causing this complex disease. It seems dysbiosis and oxidative stress may also be involved in IBD pathogenesis. A significant number of clinical studies have shown an interesting association between sleep disturbances and IBD. Studies in animal models have also shown that sleep deprivation has a significant effect on the pathogenesis of IBD and can aggravate inflammation. These interesting findings have drawn attention to melatonin, a sleep-related hormone. Melatonin is mainly produced by the pineal gland, but many tissues in the body, including the intestines, can produce it. Melatonin can have an interesting effect on the pathogenesis of IBD. Melatonin can enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier, alter the composition of intestinal bacteria in favor of bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, regulate the immune response, alleviate inflammation and attenuate oxidative stress. It seems that, melatonin supplementation is effective in relieving inflammation and healing intestinal ulcers in IBD animal models. Some clinical studies have also shown that melatonin supplementation as an adjuvant therapy may be helpful in reducing disease activity in IBD patients. In this review article, in addition to reviewing the effects of sleep disturbances and melatonin on key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, we will review the findings of clinical studies regarding the effects of melatonin supplementation on IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Alipourian
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Faezeh Malakoti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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6
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Brazão V, Colato RP, Santello FH, Duarte A, Goulart A, Sampaio PA, Pacheco Silva CB, Tirapelli CR, Costa RM, Tostes RC, do Prado JC. Melatonin regulates antioxidant defense and inflammatory response by activating Nrf2-dependent mechanisms and inhibiting NFkappaB expression in middle-aged T. cruzi infected rats. Exp Gerontol 2022; 167:111895. [PMID: 35843349 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress with higher levels of leptin and inflammatory response are key processes related to pathogenesis of both T. cruzi infection and aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the expression of several genes implicated in the oxidative stress response in many pathological conditions. Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone with, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging actions. Then, we hypothesized that Nrf2 response is impaired during the acute T. cruzi (9 days) infection and that melatonin rescues Nrf2 responses. Young (5 weeks-old) and middle-aged (18 months-old) male Wistar rats were infected with T. cruzi. Nrf2 translocation and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were analyzed in blood and spleen. Increased apoptosis levels and oxidative stress indicators were observed in the rat spleen during T. cruzi infection. These responses were accompanied by decreased Nrf2 expression and increased expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). Melatonin (5 mg/kg/day; p.o. gavage) attenuated the superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production induced by T. cruzi infection. Increased expressions of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected in the spleen of melatonin-treated rats infected with T. cruzi. Melatonin treatment inhibited the spleen NF-κB activation and downregulates the levels of circulating interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in T. cruzi middle-aged infected rats. Increased levels of the chemokine CXCL1 in middle-aged control rats was observed, confirming that aging alters the production of this chemokine. In T. cruzi infected young animals, CXCL1 was up-regulated when compared to non-infected young ones. For young or middle-aged animals, melatonin treatment had no significant effect on CXCL1 levels. Our findings demonstrate an important role for Nrf2/NF-kB regulation as a possible mechanism by which melatonin attenuates oxidative stress, and provide new insights for further studies of this indoleamine as a therapeutic co-adjuvant agent against T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Brazão
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela Pravato Colato
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Helena Santello
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Duarte
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Goulart
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alexandre Sampaio
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla B Pacheco Silva
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Tirapelli
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, GO, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Clóvis do Prado
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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7
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Pivonello C, Negri M, Patalano R, Amatrudo F, Montò T, Liccardi A, Graziadio C, Muscogiuri G, Pivonello R, Colao A. The role of melatonin in the molecular mechanisms underlying metaflammation and infections in obesity: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13390. [PMID: 34861097 PMCID: PMC9285339 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition whose management is a critical challenge for physicians. The scientific community has increased its focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity etiopathogenesis to better manage patients with obesity and its associated complications. The tight connection between adipose tissue and the immune system has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in inflammation, and melatonin is important for circadian rhythm regulation and metabolic homeostasis, in which it orchestrates several molecular mechanisms involved in obesity and associated inflammation. Melatonin also regulates innate and adaptive immunity; its antioxidant properties are linked to reduced predisposition to infection and weight gain in patients with obesity through the modulation of the immune response, which has a significant beneficial effect on inflammation and, consequently, on the metabolic state. Low melatonin levels have been linked to obesity, and melatonin supplementation can reduce body weight, improve metabolic profile, and ameliorate immune responses and pro-inflammatory stimuli. The role of melatonin in obesity is mainly related to improved oxidative stress signaling, modulation of adipokine secretion, and a switching from white-to-brown adipose tissue phenotype and activity. Moreover, the role of melatonin in obesity modulation by controlling circadian rhythm has recently emerged as a pivotal mechanism for lipid and glucose metabolism dysfunction in adipose, muscle, and liver tissues. Melatonin may also regulate the immune system by acting directly on thymus morphology and activity as well as by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory states during infections. The tight association between melatonin and immune response regulation is coordinated by Toll-like receptors, which are rhythmically expressed during the day. Their expression may be strongly modulated by melatonin as their signaling is highly inhibited by melatonin. The current review summarizes studies of melatonin-induced mechanisms involved in infection regulation, particularly the modulation of obesity-associated inflammation and systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Patalano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Feliciana Amatrudo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Tatiana Montò
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Liccardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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8
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Zhang D, Xu S, Wang Y, Zhu G. The Potentials of Melatonin in the Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:1419. [PMID: 33808027 PMCID: PMC7961363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis (BM) is an acute infectious central nervous system (CNS) disease worldwide, occurring with 50% of the survivors left with a long-term serious sequela. Acute bacterial meningitis is more prevalent in resource-poor than resource-rich areas. The pathogenesis of BM involves complex mechanisms that are related to bacterial survival and multiplication in the bloodstream, increased permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB), oxidative stress, and excessive inflammatory response in CNS. Considering drug-resistant bacteria increases the difficulty of meningitis treatment and the vaccine also has been limited to several serotypes, and the morbidity rate of BM still is very high. With recent development in neurology, there is promising progress for drug supplements of effectively preventing and treating BM. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have elaborated on understanding the significant mechanism of melatonin on BM. Melatonin is mainly secreted in the pineal gland and can cross the BBB. Melatonin and its metabolite have been reported as effective antioxidants and anti-inflammation, which are potentially useful as prevention and treatment therapy of BM. In bacterial meningitis, melatonin can play multiple protection effects in BM through various mechanisms, including immune response, antibacterial ability, the protection of BBB integrity, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammation, signaling pathways, and gut microbiome. This manuscript summarizes the major neuroprotective mechanisms of melatonin and explores the potential prevention and treatment approaches aimed at reducing morbidity and alleviating nerve injury of BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Z.); (S.X.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Z.); (S.X.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Z.); (S.X.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Z.); (S.X.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Li H, Wei J, Ma F, Shan Q, Gao D, Jin Y, Sun P. Melatonin Modulates Lactation by Regulating Prolactin Secretion Via Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurons in the Hypothalamus- Pituitary System. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:744-750. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200511093733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In-depth studies have identified many hormones important for controlling mammary growth
and maintaining lactation. One of these is melatonin, which is synthesized and secreted by the pineal
gland to regulate circadian rhythms, improve antioxidant capacity, and enhance immunity. Prolactin is
secreted by the pituitary gland and is associated with the growth and development of mammary glands
as well as initiation and maintenance of lactation. The hypothalamus-pituitary system, the most important
endocrine system in the body, regulates prolactin secretion mainly through dopamine released
from tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. This review provides a reference for further study and
describes the regulation of lactation and prolactin secretion by melatonin, primarily via the protection
and stimulation of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingya Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengtao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Duo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuhang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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10
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Brazão V, Santello FH, Colato RP, Duarte A, Goulart A, Sampaio PA, Nardini V, Sorgi CA, Faccioli LH, do Prado JC. Melatonin down-regulates steroidal hormones, thymocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines in middle-aged T. cruzi infected rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165914. [PMID: 32768678 PMCID: PMC7406476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease, triggered by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) plays a potentially threat to historically non-endemic areas. Considerable evidence established that the immuno-endocrine balance could deeply influence the experimental T. cruzi progression inside the host's body. A high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring approach (MRMHR) was used to study the influence of melatonin on adrenal and plasma steroidal hormones profile of T. cruzi infected Wistar rats. Young (5 weeks) and middle-aged (18 months) male Wistar rats received melatonin (5 mg/Kg, orally) during the acute Chagas disease. Corticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHC), cortisol, cortisone, aldosterone, progesterone and melatonin concentration were evaluated. Interleukin-1 alpha and β (IL-1α and β), IL-6 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were also analyzed. Our results revealed an increased production of corticosterone, cortisone, cortisol and aldosterone in middle-aged control animals, thus confirming the aging effects on the steroidal hormone profile. Serum melatonin levels were reduced with age and predominantly higher in young and middle-aged infected rats. Melatonin treatment reduced the corticosterone, 11-DHC, cortisol, cortisone, aldosterone and progesterone in response to T. cruzi infection. Decreased IL-1 α and β concentrations were also found in melatonin treated middle-aged infected animals. Melatonin treated middle-aged control rats displayed reduced concentrations of TGF-β. Melatonin levels were significantly higher in all middle-aged rats treated animals. Reduced percentages of early and late thymocyte apoptosis was found for young and middle-aged melatonin supplemented rats. Finally, our results show a link between the therapeutic and biological effects of melatonin controlling steroidal hormones pathways as well as inflammatory mediators. Melatonin acts on the regulation of steroid hormones, apoptosis and cytokine signaling during acute T. cruzi infection; Middle-aged control rats have higher production of corticosterone, cortisone, cortisol and aldosterone; Melatonin treated middle-aged infected rats displayed reduced concentrations of IL-1 α and β; Melatonin levels were significantly higher in all middle-aged rats treated animals; Reduced percentages of early and late thymocyte apoptosis was found for young and middle-aged melatonin supplemented rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Brazão
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabricia Helena Santello
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Pravato Colato
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Duarte
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Goulart
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alexandre Sampaio
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviani Nardini
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Arterio Sorgi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Clóvis do Prado
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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11
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Bai J, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Li N, Wang B, Yang L. Expression of melatonin receptors and CD4 in the ovine thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver during early pregnancy. Immunology 2020; 160:52-63. [PMID: 32052861 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As a pineal gland hormone, melatonin acts through its receptors to modulate the immune system. The immune system is composed of primary and secondary organs, and immune organs are adapted to the presence of the fetal alloantigen during pregnancy. However, it is unclear whether melatonin affects maternal immune organs during early pregnancy in sheep. In this study, the ovine thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver were sampled at day 16 of the oestrous cycle, and at days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnancy. The expression of melatonin receptor 1A (MT1), melatonin receptor 1B (MT2) and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments. Our results showed that during early pregnancy there was an upregulation of MT1 mRNA and protein in the thymus, lymph node and liver, and there was a downregulation in the spleen. The expression of MT2 mRNA and protein was increased in the thymus but decreased in the spleen and liver, and there was no significant change in the lymph node during early pregnancy. CD4 protein was upregulated in the thymus, lymph node and liver, but there were no significant changes in the spleen during early pregnancy. In conclusion, early pregnancy induces tissue-specific expression of MT1, MT2 and CD4, which may be due to the different functions of the thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver. Further, melatonin is involved in immune regulation of the maternal thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver during early pregnancy in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Bai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Leying Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zimo Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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Guo L, Cao JH, Wei TT, Li JH, Feng YK, Wang LP, Sun Y, Chai YR. Gallic acid attenuates thymic involution in the d-galactose induced accelerated aging mice. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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High dietary vitamin C intake reduces glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppression and measures of oxidative stress in vitamin C-deficient senescence marker protein 30 knockout mice. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:1120-1129. [PMID: 31647039 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519001922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC) is a vital micronutrient for humans and some other mammals and also has antioxidant activity. Stress-induced elevation of glucocorticoid production is well known to cause immunosuppression. The present study evaluated the effect of high VC intake on glucocorticoid-induced immune changes in mice. Senescence marker protein 30 knockout mice with genetic VC deficiency were fed a diet containing the recommended VC content (20 mg/kg per d; 0·02 %VC group) or a high VC content (200 mg/kg per d; 0·2 %VC group) for 2 months, then dexamethasone was given by intraperitoneal injection. After administration of dexamethasone, the plasma ascorbic acid concentration decreased significantly in the 0·02 %VC group and was unchanged in wild-type C57BL/6 mice on a VC-deficient diet (wild-type group), while it was significantly higher in the 0·2 %VC group compared with the other two groups. In the 0·02 %VC and wild-type groups, dexamethasone caused a significant decrease in the cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ and CD8+ T cells among splenocytes as well as a significant decrease in IL-2, IL-12p40 and interferon-γ protein production by splenocytes and a significant decrease in T-cell proliferation among splenocytes. In the 0·2 %VC group, these dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression improved when compared with the other two groups. In addition, reduction in the intracellular levels of ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase and glutathione in splenocytes by dexamethasone as well as elevation in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly suppressed in the 0·2 %VC group. These findings suggest that high dietary VC intake reduces glucocorticoid-induced T-cell dysfunction by maintaining intracellular antioxidant activity.
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Perfilyeva YV, Ostapchuk YO, Abdolla N, Tleulieva R, Krasnoshtanov VC, Belyaev NN. Exogenous Melatonin Up-Regulates Expression of CD62L by Lymphocytes in Aged Mice under Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Conditions. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:632-643. [PMID: 30887869 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1586918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that age-related impaired functioning of immunocompetent cells is associated with an increase in the rates of chronic inflammatory diseases. Recently, an ability of melatonin to modulate inflammatory processes by regulating leucocyte recruitment has been demonstrated. However, to date, no studies have attempted to determine the impact of melatonin on the expression of CD62L by lymphocytes. CD62L, also known as L-selectin, is required for the entry of lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid organs, sites of tumor growth and chronic inflammation through high endothelial venules. Here, we investigated the effect of melatonin at physiological concentrations on the expression of CD62L by T and NK cells in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrated that NK and CD3+ T cells obtained from the spleen of aged mice were characterized by decreased expression of CD62L compared to young mice. Melatonin administration up-regulated the levels of surface CD62L on NK and T cell populations in aged mice under non-inflammatory conditions and on CD8+ T cells in aged mice with chronic inflammation. Pre-incubation with melatonin prevented the reduction in CD62L expression by CD8+ T cells induced by the co-cultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (MiaPaCa-2). The obtained results suggest that melatonin can modulate lymphocyte homing into lymph nodes and sites of chronic inflammation and, therefore, can stimulate immune responses in chronic inflammatory conditions associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V Perfilyeva
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology , M.A.Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , Almaty , Kazakhstan
| | - Yekaterina O Ostapchuk
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology , M.A.Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , Almaty , Kazakhstan
| | - Nurshat Abdolla
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology , M.A.Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , Almaty , Kazakhstan
- b Department of Biophysics and Biomedicine , Al-Farabi Kazakh National University , Almaty , Kazakhstan
| | - Raikhan Tleulieva
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology , M.A.Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , Almaty , Kazakhstan
| | | | - Nikolai N Belyaev
- d Department of New Technologies , Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute , Saint-Petersburg , Russia
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VIVEK PRINCE, BHARTI VIJAYK, KALIA SAHIL, GIRI ARUP, KUMAR KRISHNA, KUMAR BHUVNESH. Protective effects of melatonin against fluoride-induced oxidative stress in rats at high altitude. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i1.86377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of melatonin against fluoride-induced oxidative stress-mediated haematological and biochemical changes in rat at high altitude. Adult male Wistar rats (6) were given the basal diet and drinking water ad lib. for first 7-days which was considered as the control period. Thereafter, they were exposed to NaF (@ 50 ppm) per-oral through drinking water for the next 14 days followed by melatonin treatment (@ 15 mg/kg BW, p.o.) for the next 14 days. The result showed induction of oxidative stress during NaF treatment alone, which caused significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and % inhibition of DPPH, MDA, and water intake. Whereas, total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and body weight gain were significantly reduced during NaF exposure. Haemogram analysis indicated significant decrease in haemoglobin, packed cell volume, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, platelets count, whereas increase in MCH, monocytes, neutrophil, and eosinophil during NaF exposure. However, melatonin administration after 14 days of fluoride treatment resulted in significant amelioration of adverse changes occurred in different blood-biochemical parameters and also increased the total antioxidant status. Notably, the body weight gain improved during melatonin administration. These findings indicated induction of oxidative stress-mediated adverse change in haematology and biochemical parameters, and amelioration effect of oral dose of melatonin in rats under high altitude stress condition. Hence it can be concluded that melatonin acts as a potent antioxidant agent, which may be orally supplemented for amelioration of fluoride-mediated oxidative stress even under prevalent high altitude stress.
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Brazão V, Colato RP, Santello FH, Vale GTD, Gonzaga NDA, Tirapelli CR, Prado JCD. Effects of melatonin on thymic and oxidative stress dysfunctions during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12510. [PMID: 29781553 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the exact etiology of Chagas disease is not completely elucidated, thymic atrophy and oxidative stress are believed to be important contributors to the pathogenesis during acute Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infection. We hypothesized that exogenous melatonin, administered by gavage (5 mg/kg, p.o., gavage) to young (5 weeks old) and middle-aged (18 months old) male Wistar rats, would modulate thymic oxidative damage and reverse the age-related thymus regression during T. cruzi acute infection. Increased levels of superoxide anion (O2- ) were detected in the thymus of infected animals, and treatment with melatonin reverted this response. We found reduced TBARS levels as well as a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the thymus of all middle-aged melatonin-treated animals, infected or not with T. cruzi. Furthermore, melatonin increased the thymic expression of SOD1 and SOD2 in middle-aged control animals. Nox2 expression was not affected by melatonin treatment in young or middle-aged animals. Melatonin reverted the age-related thymic regression as revealed by the increase in thymus weight, total number of thymocytes, and reduction in age-related accumulation of double-negative thymocytes. This is the first report to directly examine the effects of melatonin treatment on the thymic antioxidant/oxidant status and thymic changes during T. cruzi infection. Our results revealed new antioxidant features that turn melatonin a potentially useful compound for the treatment of Chagas disease, a condition in which an excessive oxidative damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Brazão
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Pravato Colato
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Helena Santello
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Tavares do Vale
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália de Almeida Gonzaga
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Tirapelli
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Clóvis do Prado
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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17
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El-Bakry HA, Ismail IA, Soliman SS. Immunosenescence-like state is accelerated by constant light exposure and counteracted by melatonin or turmeric administration through DJ-1/Nrf2 and P53/Bax pathways. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 186:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Odinokov D, Hamblin MR. Aging of lymphoid organs: Can photobiomodulation reverse age-associated thymic involution via stimulation of extrapineal melatonin synthesis and bone marrow stem cells? JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700282. [PMID: 29227581 PMCID: PMC5995606 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thymic atrophy and the subsequent reduction in T-cell production are the most noticeable age-related changes affecting lymphoid organs in the immune system. In fact, thymic involution has been described as "programmed aging." New therapeutic approaches, such as photobiomodulation (PBM), may reduce or reverse these changes. PBM (also known as low-level laser therapy) involves the delivery of non-thermal levels of red or near-infrared light that are absorbed by mitochondrial chromophores, in order to prevent tissue death and stimulate healing and regeneration. PBM may reverse or prevent thymic involution due to its ability to induce extrapineal melatonin biosynthesis via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or NF-kB activation, or alternatively by stimulating bone marrow stem cells that can regenerate the thymus. This perspective puts forward a hypothesis that PBM can alter thymic involution, improve immune functioning in aged people and even extend lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Odinokov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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19
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Melatonin as a potential anticarcinogen for non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46768-46784. [PMID: 27102150 PMCID: PMC5216835 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Melatonin, an indoleamine discovered in the pineal gland, exerts pleiotropic anticancer effects against a variety of cancer types. In particular, melatonin may be an important anticancer drug in the treatment of NSCLC. Herein, we review the correlation between the disruption of the melatonin rhythm and NSCLC incidence; we also evaluate the evidence related to the effects of melatonin in inhibiting lung carcinogenesis. Special focus is placed on the oncostatic effects of melatonin, including anti-proliferation, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of invasion and metastasis, and enhancement of immunomodulation. We suggest the drug synergy of melatonin with radio- or chemotherapy for NSCLC could prove to be useful. Taken together, the information complied herein may serve as a comprehensive reference for the anticancer mechanisms of melatonin against NSCLC, and may be helpful for the design of future experimental research and for advancing melatonin as a therapeutic agent for NSCLC.
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20
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Paltsev MA, Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM, Anderson G, Kvetnaia TV, Linkova NS, Paltseva EM, Rubino R, De Cosmo S, De Cata A, Mazzoccoli G. Morphofunctional and signaling molecules overlap of the pineal gland and thymus: role and significance in aging. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11972-83. [PMID: 26943046 PMCID: PMC4914262 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in neuroendocrine-immune system functioning, including alterations in pineal and thymic glands, contribute to aging-associated diseases. This study looks at ageing-associated alterations in pineal and thymic gland functioning evaluating common signaling molecules present in both human and animal pinealocytes and thymocytes: endocrine cell markers (melatonin, serotonin, pCREB, AANAT, CGRP, VIP, chromogranin A); cell renovation markers (p53, AIF, Ki67), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9) and lymphocytes markers (CD4, CD5, CD8, CD20). Pineal melatonin is decreased, as is one of the melatonin pathway synthesis enzymes in the thymic gland. A further similarity is the increased MMPs levels evident over age in both glands. Significant differences are evident in cell renovation processes, which deteriorate more quickly in the aged thymus versus the pineal gland. Decreases in the number of pineal B-cells and thymic T-cells were also observed over aging. Collected data indicate that cellular involution of the pineal gland and thymus show many commonalities, but also significant changes in aging-associated proteins. It is proposed that such ageing-associated alterations in these two glands provide novel pharmaceutical targets for the wide array of medical conditions that are more likely to emerge over the course of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria O Polyakova
- Department of Pathology, Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Russia.,Laboratory of Cell Biology and Pathology, Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - Igor M Kvetnoy
- Department of Pathology, Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Russia.,Laboratory of Cell Biology and Pathology, Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana V Kvetnaia
- Department of Pathology, Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - Natalia S Linkova
- Department of Pathology, Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - Ekaterina M Paltseva
- Division of Immuhistochemistry, B.V. Petrovsky Russian Surgery Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - Rosa Rubino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Angelo De Cata
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Deng B, Yang K, Zhang Y, Li Z. Can antioxidant’s reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity contribute to aged seed recovery? Contrasting effect of melatonin, ascorbate and glutathione on germination ability of aged maize seeds. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:765-771. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1375099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benliang Deng
- Department of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cold-regional Crop Cultivation and Germplasm Improvement, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Kejun Yang
- Department of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cold-regional Crop Cultivation and Germplasm Improvement, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cold-regional Crop Cultivation and Germplasm Improvement, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zuotong Li
- Department of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cold-regional Crop Cultivation and Germplasm Improvement, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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22
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Effenberger-Neidnicht K, Brencher L, Broecker-Preuss M, Hamburger T, Petrat F, de Groot H. Immune stimulation by exogenous melatonin during experimental endotoxemia. Inflammation 2015; 37:738-44. [PMID: 24385237 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has been shown to enhance the immune response under immune-compromised conditions. However, its immune-modulatory effects under inflammatory conditions are unclear at present. Both pro- and anti-inflammation has been reported. To study time-dependent effects of melatonin on the general immune response during endotoxemia in more detail, we used two models in male rats: per-acute endotoxemia was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) bolus injection (2.5 mg/kg), sub-acute endotoxemia by LPS infusion (2.5 mg/kg × h). Melatonin was applied directly before and 2 h after LPS administration (3 mg/kg, each). The LPS-induced formation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-1α/β, IL-5, and IL-6 and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was further amplified by melatonin, although it was only significant during per-acute endotoxemia. In both models, melatonin had no effect on the LPS-induced nitric oxide release. These findings show that exogenous melatonin is capable of enhancing the general immune response under inflammatory conditions.
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High dietary intake of vitamin C suppresses age-related thymic atrophy and contributes to the maintenance of immune cells in vitamin C-deficient senescence marker protein-30 knockout mice. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:603-9. [PMID: 25608928 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514003857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC) is an essential nutrient for humans and certain other animals. It has antioxidant properties and has been reported to ameliorate oxidative damage to lipids, DNA and proteins. However, the effects of VC on immune function are poorly understood, especially the influence of long-term high-dose VC intake on the number and function of immune cells. In the present study, to evaluate the immune effects of VC, VC-deficient senescence marker protein-30 knockout (SMP30KO) mice were fed a diet containing the recommended level of VC (20 mg/kg per d; 0·02 % VC) or a high level of VC (200 mg/kg per d; 0·2 % VC) for 1 year. The plasma VC concentration of the 0·02 % group was the same as that of age-matched C57BL/6 mice after 1 year of feeding; however, plasma VC concentration and thymus weight were significantly higher in the 0·2 % VC group than in the 0·02 % VC group. The total counts of leucocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood, as well as the number of splenocytes and thymocytes, were all significantly higher in the 0·2 % VC group than in the 0·02 % VC group. In addition, the number of naive T cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes, the number of memory T-cell populations in splenocytes, and the number of cluster of differentiation (CD)4⁺CD8⁺ or CD4⁺CD8⁻ or CD4⁻CD8⁺ T cells in thymocytes were all markedly higher in the 0·2 % VC group than in the 0·02 % VC group after 1 year of dietary treatment. These results suggest that a long-term high-dose intake of VC is effective in the maintenance of immune cells, partly through the suppression of age-related thymic involution in VC-deficient SMP30KO mice.
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Calvo JR, González-Yanes C, Maldonado MD. The role of melatonin in the cells of the innate immunity: a review. J Pineal Res 2013; 55:103-20. [PMID: 23889107 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is the major secretory product synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland and shows both a wide distribution within phylogenetically distant organisms from bacteria to humans and a great functional versatility. In recent years, a considerable amount of experimental evidence has accumulated showing a relationship between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. The molecular basis of the communication between these systems is the use of a common chemical language. In this framework, currently melatonin is considered one of the members of the neuroendocrine-immunological network. A number of in vivo and in vitro studies have documented that melatonin plays a fundamental role in neuroimmunomodulation. Based on the information published, it is clear that the majority of the present data in the literature relate to lymphocytes; thus, they have been rather thoroughly investigated, and several reviews have been published related to the mechanisms of action and the effects of melatonin on lymphocytes. However, few studies concerning the effects of melatonin on cells belonging to the innate immunity have been reported. Innate immunity provides the early line of defense against microbes and consists of both cellular and biochemical mechanisms. In this review, we have focused on the role of melatonin in the innate immunity. More specifically, we summarize the effects and action mechanisms of melatonin in the different cells that belong to or participate in the innate immunity, such as monocytes-macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Calvo
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Seville, Spain.
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Abstract
The first observation on the relationship between the pineal gland and the immune system was done by the author of this paper in the late sixties and early seventies of the last century. After neonatal pinealectomy the thymus has been destroyed and wasting disease developed. Since that time a flood of experiments justified the observation and pointed to the prominent role of pineal in the regulation of the immune system. Melatonin, the hormone of the pineal gland stimulates immune processes acting to the immune cells' cytokine production, the haemopoiesis, and immune cell-target cell interactions. Melatonin receptors have been demonstrated and their localization and function were justified. Melatonin production by and melatonin receptors on (and in) the immune cells was proved. Melatonin agonists have been synthesized and the use of melatonin as adjuvant in the therapy of diseases connected to the immune system (cancers included) has been started. The paper summarizes the most important studies and discusses the interrelations of the data. The discussion points to the possibility of packed transport of the pineal hormone by the immune cells and to the adventages of local regulation by this transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csaba
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary.
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Melatonin: buffering the immune system. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8638-83. [PMID: 23609496 PMCID: PMC3645767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin modulates a wide range of physiological functions with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Despite the large number of reports implicating melatonin as an immunomodulatory compound, it still remains unclear how melatonin regulates immunity. While some authors argue that melatonin is an immunostimulant, many studies have also described anti-inflammatory properties. The data reviewed in this paper support the idea of melatonin as an immune buffer, acting as a stimulant under basal or immunosuppressive conditions or as an anti-inflammatory compound in the presence of exacerbated immune responses, such as acute inflammation. The clinical relevance of the multiple functions of melatonin under different immune conditions, such as infection, autoimmunity, vaccination and immunosenescence, is also reviewed.
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Psychoneuroendocrine interventions aimed at attenuating immunosenescence: a review. Biogerontology 2013; 14:9-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-012-9412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Oxidative stress and immunosenescence: therapeutic effects of melatonin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:670294. [PMID: 23346283 PMCID: PMC3549369 DOI: 10.1155/2012/670294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated deterioration in the immune system, which is referred to as immunosenescence, contributes to an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer in the elderly. A summary of major changes associated with aging in immune system is described in this paper. In general, immunosenescence is characterized by reduced levels of peripheral naïve T cells derived from thymus and the loss of immature B lineage cells in the bone marrow. As for macrophages and granulocytes, they show functional decline with advancing age as evidenced by their diminished phagocytic activity and impairment of superoxide generation. The indole melatonin is mainly secreted in the pineal gland although it has been also detected in many other tissues. As circulating melatonin decreases with age coinciding with the age-related decline of the immune system, much interest has been focused on melatonin's immunomodulatory effect in recent years. Here, we underlie the antioxidant and immunoenhancing actions displayed by melatonin, thereby providing evidence for the potential application of this indoleamine as a “replacement therapy” to limit or reverse some of the effects of the changes that occur during immunosenescence.
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Improvement of leucocyte functions in ovariectomised aged rats after treatment with growth hormone, melatonin, oestrogens or phyto-oestrogens. J Reprod Immunol 2009; 80:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Age-related changes in melatonin synthesis in rat extrapineal tissues. Exp Gerontol 2009; 44:328-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Roman A, Tombarkiewicz B. Prolonged weakening of the geomagnetic field (GMF) affects the immune system of rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2009; 30:21-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Perreau VM, Bondy SC, Cotman CW, Sharman KG, Sharman EH. Melatonin treatment in old mice enables a more youthful response to LPS in the brain. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 182:22-31. [PMID: 17070935 PMCID: PMC1847646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 09/02/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin modulates the expression of a number of genes related to inflammation and immunity. Declining levels of melatonin with age may thus relate to some of the changes in immune function that occur with age. mRNA expression levels in murine CNS were measured using oligonucleotide microarrays in order to determine whether a dietary melatonin supplement may modify age-related changes in the response to an inflammatory challenge. CB6F1 male mice were fed 40-ppm melatonin for 9 weeks prior to sacrifice at 26.5 months of age, and compared with age-matched untreated controls and 4.5-month-old controls. A subset of both young and old animals was injected i.p. with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 3 h, total RNA was extracted from whole brain (excluding brain stem and cerebellum), and individual samples were hybridized to Affymetrix Mouse 430-2.0 arrays. Data were analyzed in Dchip and GeneSpring. Melatonin treatment markedly altered the response in gene expression of older animals subjected to an LPS challenge. These changes in general, caused the response to more closely resemble that of young animals subjected to the same LPS challenge. Thus melatonin treatment effects a major shift in the response of the CNS to an inflammatory challenge, causing a transition to a more youthful mRNA expression profile.
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Anisimov VN, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA, Anisimov SV, Vesnushkin GM, Vinogradova IA. Melatonin as antioxidant, geroprotector and anticarcinogen. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1757:573-89. [PMID: 16678784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the pineal indole hormone melatonin on the life span of mice, rats and fruit flies has been studied using various approaches. It has been observed that in female CBA, SHR, SAM and transgenic HER-2/neu mice long-term administration of melatonin was followed by an increase in the mean life span. In rats, melatonin treatment increased survival of male and female rats. In D. melanogaster, supplementation of melatonin to nutrient medium during developmental stages produced contradictory results, but and increase in the longevity of fruit flies has been observed when melatonin was added to food throughout the life span. In mice and rats, melatonin is a potent antioxidant both in vitro and in vivo. Melatonin alone turned out neither toxic nor mutagenic in the Ames test and revealed clastogenic activity at high concentration in the COMET assay. Melatonin has inhibited mutagenesis and clastogenic effect of a number of indirect chemical mutagens. Melatonin inhibits the development of spontaneous and 7-12-dimethlbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)- or N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rodents; colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats, N-diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats, DMBA-induced carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix and vagina in mice; benzo(a)pyrene-induced soft tissue carcinogenesis and lung carcinogenesis induced by urethan in mice. To identify molecular events regulated by melatonin, gene expression profiles were studied in the heart and brain of melatonin-treated CBA mice using cDNA gene expression arrays (15,247 and 16,897 cDNA clone sets, respectively). It was shown that genes controlling the cell cycle, cell/organism defense, protein expression and transport are the primary effectors for melatonin. Melatonin also increased the expression of some mitochondrial genes (16S, cytochrome c oxidases 1 and 3 (COX1 and COX3), and NADH dehydrogenases 1 and 4 (ND1 and ND4)), which agrees with its ability to inhibit free radical processes. Of great interest is the effect of melatonin upon the expression of a large number of genes related to calcium exchange, such as Cul5, Dcamkl1 and Kcnn4; a significant effect of melatonin on the expression of some oncogenesis-related genes was also detected. Thus, we believe that melatonin may be used for the prevention of premature aging and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Anisimov
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Pesochny-2, St. Petersburg 197758, Russia.
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Lardone PJ, Alvarez-García O, Carrillo-Vico A, Vega-Naredo I, Caballero B, Guerrero JM, Coto-Montes A. Inverse correlation between endogenous melatonin levels and oxidative damage in some tissues of SAM P8 mice. J Pineal Res 2006; 40:153-7. [PMID: 16441552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2005.00289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To assess whether oxidative damage in some tissues was related to their melatonin concentration, endogenous melatonin levels and the age-linked protein and lipid damage in spleen, thymus and liver in 5-month-old SAM P8 mice were examined. The results show that high levels of melatonin in spleen and thymus correlate with lower protein and lipid damage. The liver, which had much lower melatonin concentrations than the other two tissues, had much higher levels of oxidatively damaged protein, as measured by carbonyl values. These results add new evidence concerning the protective role of endogenous melatonin as an antioxidant agent, and suggest that a treatment with this molecule might help to reduce age-associated functional deficits in many organs, including those of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Lardone
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Virgen Macarena Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Asturias, Spain
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Linton PJ, Lustgarten J, Thoman M. T cell function in the aged: Lessons learned from animal models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cair.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Srinivasan V, Maestroni GJM, Cardinali DP, Esquifino AI, Perumal SRP, Miller SC. Melatonin, immune function and aging. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2005; 2:17. [PMID: 16316470 PMCID: PMC1325257 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-2-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in immune function (immunosenescence), a situation known to correlate with increased incidence of cancer, infectious and degenerative diseases. Innate, cellular and humoral immunity all exhibit increased deterioration with age. A decrease in functional competence of individual natural killer (NK) cells is found with advancing age. Macrophages and granulocytes show functional decline in aging as evidenced by their diminished phagocytic activity and impairment of superoxide generation. There is also marked shift in cytokine profile as age advances, e.g., CD3+ and CD4+ cells decline in number whereas CD8+ cells increase in elderly individuals. A decline in organ specific antibodies occurs causing reduced humoral responsiveness. Circulating melatonin decreases with age and in recent years much interest has been focused on its immunomodulatory effect. Melatonin stimulates the production of progenitor cells for granulocytes-macrophages. It also stimulates the production of NK cells and CD4+ cells and inhibits CD8+ cells. The production and release of various cytokines from NK cells and T-helper lymphocytes also are enhanced by melatonin. Melatonin presumably regulates immune function by acting on the immune-opioid network, by affecting G protein-cAMP signal pathway and by regulating intracellular glutathione levels. Melatonin has the potential therapeutic value to enhance immune function in aged individuals and in patients in an immunocompromised state.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Srinivasan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - GJM Maestroni
- Center for Experimental Pathology, Cantonal Institute of Pathology, Via In Selva 24, PO Box 660, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - DP Cardinali
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - AI Esquifino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - SR Pandi Perumal
- Comprehensive Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1176 - 5th Avenue, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - SC Miller
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy & Dentistry Building, McGill University, Montreal, PQ, H3A 2B2, Canada
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Carrillo-Vico A, Guerrero JM, Lardone PJ, Reiter RJ. A review of the multiple actions of melatonin on the immune system. Endocrine 2005; 27:189-200. [PMID: 16217132 DOI: 10.1385/endo:27:2:189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the numerous observations published in recent years which have shown that one of the most significant of melatonin's pleiotropic effects is the regulation of the immune system. The overview summarizes the immune effects of pinealectomy and the association between rhythmic melatonin production and adjustments in the immune system as markers of melatonin's immunomodulatory actions. The effects of both in vivo and in vitromelatonin administration on non-specific, humoral, and cellular immune responses as well as on cellular proliferation and immune mediator production are presented. One of the main features that distinguishes melatonin from the classical hormones is its synthesis by a number of non-endocrine extrapineal organs, including the immune system. Herein, we summarize the presence of immune system-synthesized melatonin, its direct immunomodulatory effects on cytokine production, and its masking effects on exogenous melatonin action. The mechanisms of action of melatonin in the immune system are also discussed, focusing attention on the presence of membrane and nuclear receptors and the characterization of several physiological roles mediated by some receptor analogs in immune cells. The review focuses on melatonin's actions in several immune pathologies including infection, inflammation, and autoimmunity together with the relation between melatonin, immunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Seville School of Medicine and Virgen Macarena Hospital, Seville, Spain
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