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Liu K, Wang X, Li Y, Shi Y, Ren Y, Wang A, Zhao B, Cheng P, Wang B. Protein Disulfide Isomerase FgEps1 Is a Secreted Virulence Factor in Fusarium graminearum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1009. [PMID: 37888265 PMCID: PMC10607971 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) superfamily with important functions in cellular stability, ion uptake, and cellular differentiation. While PDI has been extensively studied in humans and animals, its role in fungi remains relatively unknown. In this study, the biological functions of FgEps1, a disulfide bond isomerase in the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum, were investigated. It was found that FgEps1 mutation affected nutritional growth, asexual and sexual reproduction, and stress tolerance. Additionally, its deletion resulted in reduced pathogenicity and impaired DON toxin biosynthesis. The involvement of FgEps1 in host infection was also confirmed, as its expression was detected during the infection period. Further investigation using a yeast signal peptide secretion system and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that FgEps1 suppressed the immune response of plants and promoted infection. These findings suggest that virulence factor FgEps1 plays a crucial role in growth, development, virulence, secondary metabolism, and host infection in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (K.L.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (A.W.); (B.Z.)
| | - Baotong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (K.L.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (A.W.); (B.Z.)
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2
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Pathway engineering facilitates efficient protein expression in Pichia pastoris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5893-5912. [PMID: 36040488 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pichia pastoris has been recognized as an important platform for the production of various heterologous proteins in recent years. The strong promoter AOX1, induced by methanol, with the help of the α-pre-pro signal sequence, can lead to a high expression level of extracellular protein. However, this combination was not always efficient, as protein secretion in P. pastoris involves numerous procedures mediated by several cellular proteins, including folding assisted by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) molecular chaperones, degradation through ubiquitination, and an efficient vesicular transport system. Efficient protein expression requires the cooperation of various intracellular pathways. This article summarizes the process of protein secretion, modification, and transportation in P. pastoris. In addition, the roles played by the key proteins in these processes and the corresponding co-expression effects are also listed. It is expected to lay the foundation for the industrial protein production of P. pastoris. KEY POINTS: • Mechanisms of chaperones in protein folding and their co-expression effects are summarized. • Protein glycosylation modifications are comprehensively reviewed. • Current dilemmas in the overall protein secretion pathway of Pichia pastoris and corresponding solutions are demonstrated.
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3
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Matsusaki M, Okada R, Tanikawa Y, Kanemura S, Ito D, Lin Y, Watabe M, Yamaguchi H, Saio T, Lee YH, Inaba K, Okumura M. Functional Interplay between P5 and PDI/ERp72 to Drive Protein Folding. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111112. [PMID: 34827105 PMCID: PMC8615271 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
P5 is one of protein disulfide isomerase family proteins (PDIs) involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein quality control that assists oxidative folding, inhibits protein aggregation, and regulates the unfolded protein response. P5 reportedly interacts with other PDIs via intermolecular disulfide bonds in cultured cells, but it remains unclear whether complex formation between P5 and other PDIs is involved in regulating enzymatic and chaperone functions. Herein, we established the far-western blot method to detect non-covalent interactions between P5 and other PDIs and found that PDI and ERp72 are partner proteins of P5. The enzymatic activity of P5-mediated oxidative folding is up-regulated by PDI, while the chaperone activity of P5 is stimulated by ERp72. These findings shed light on the mechanism by which the complex formations among PDIs drive to synergistically accelerate protein folding and prevents aggregation. This knowledge has implications for understanding misfolding-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonori Matsusaki
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramakiaza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (M.M.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Rina Okada
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1, Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan; (R.O.); (Y.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yuya Tanikawa
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1, Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan; (R.O.); (Y.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Shingo Kanemura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramakiaza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (M.M.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1, Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan; (R.O.); (Y.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Dai Ito
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162, Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Korea; (Y.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Mai Watabe
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramakiaza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (M.M.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1, Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan; (R.O.); (Y.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tomohide Saio
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162, Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Korea; (Y.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Research Headquarters, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41068, Korea
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramakiaza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (M.M.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-795-5764
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4
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Kaabi B, Ahmed S, Soli R, Maktouf C. Analysis and Profiling of Leishmania major Expressed Sequence Tags. Ing Rech Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Liu G, Wang J, Hou Y, Huang YB, Li CZ, Li L, Hu SQ. Improvements of Modified Wheat Protein Disulfide Isomerases with Chaperone Activity Only on the Processing Quality of Flour. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-016-1840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Schulman S, Bendapudi P, Sharda A, Chen V, Bellido-Martin L, Jasuja R, Furie BC, Flaumenhaft R, Furie B. Extracellular Thiol Isomerases and Their Role in Thrombus Formation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:1-15. [PMID: 26467859 PMCID: PMC4717499 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER) houses a large family of twenty thioredoxin-like proteins of which protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is the archetypal member. Although the PDI family is best known for its role in oxidative protein folding of secretory proteins in the ER, these thioredoxin-like proteins fulfill ever-expanding roles, both within the secretory pathway and beyond. RECENT ADVANCES Secreted PDI family proteins have now been shown to serve a critical role in platelet thrombus formation and fibrin generation. Utilizing intravital microscopy to visualize thrombus formation in mice, we have demonstrated the presence of extracellular PDI antigen during thrombus formation following injury of the vascular wall. Inhibition of PDI abrogates thrombus formation in vivo (16, 26, 46, 55). These observations have been extended to other PDI family members, including ERp57 (39, 116, 118, 123) and ERp5 (77). The vascular thiol isomerases are those PDI family members secreted from platelets and/or endothelium (40): PDI, ERp57, ERp5, ERp72, ERp44, ERp29, and TMX3. We focus here on PDI (16, 46, 55), ERp57 (39, 116, 118, 123), and ERp5 (77), which have been implicated in thrombus formation in vivo. CRITICAL ISSUES It would appear that a system of thiol isomerase redox catalysts has been hijacked from the ER to regulate thrombus formation in the vasculature. FUTURE DIRECTIONS How this redox system is trafficked to and regulated at the cell surface, the identity of extracellular substrates, why so many thiol isomerases are required, and which thiol isomerase functions are necessary are critical unanswered questions in understanding the role of thiol isomerases in thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Schulman
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pavan Bendapudi
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anish Sharda
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vivien Chen
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lola Bellido-Martin
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reema Jasuja
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara C Furie
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce Furie
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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7
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Wang C, Yu J, Huo L, Wang L, Feng W, Wang CC. Human protein-disulfide isomerase is a redox-regulated chaperone activated by oxidation of domain a'. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:1139-49. [PMID: 22090031 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.303149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI), with domains arranged as abb'xa'c, is a key enzyme and chaperone localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) catalyzing oxidative folding and preventing misfolding/aggregation of proteins. It has been controversial whether the chaperone activity of PDI is redox-regulated, and the molecular basis is unclear. Here, we show that both the chaperone activity and the overall conformation of human PDI are redox-regulated. We further demonstrate that the conformational changes are triggered by the active site of domain a', and the minimum redox-regulated cassette is located in b'xa'. The structure of the reduced bb'xa' reveals for the first time that domain a' packs tightly with both domain b' and linker x to form one compact structural module. Oxidation of domain a' releases the compact conformation and exposes the shielded hydrophobic areas to facilitate its high chaperone activity. Thus, the study unequivocally provides mechanistic insights into the redox-regulated chaperone activity of human PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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8
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Hatahet F, Ruddock LW. Protein disulfide isomerase: a critical evaluation of its function in disulfide bond formation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2807-50. [PMID: 19476414 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide bond formation is probably involved in the biogenesis of approximately one third of human proteins. A central player in this essential process is protein disulfide isomerase or PDI. PDI was the first protein-folding catalyst reported. However, despite more than four decades of study, we still do not understand much about its physiological mechanisms of action. This review examines the published literature with a critical eye. This review aims to (a) provide background on the chemistry of disulfide bond formation and rearrangement, including the concept of reduction potential, before examining the structure of PDI; (b) detail the thiol-disulfide exchange reactions that are catalyzed by PDI in vitro, including a critical examination of the assays used to determine them; (c) examine oxidation and reduction of PDI in vivo, including not only the role of ERo1 but also an extensive assessment of the role of glutathione, as well as other systems, such as peroxide, dehydroascorbate, and a discussion of vitamin K-based systems; (d) consider the in vivo reactions of PDI and the determination and implications of the redox state of PDI in vivo; and (e) discuss other human and yeast PDI-family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Hatahet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
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9
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Ren G, Wang X, Hao S, Hu H, Wang CC. Translocation of alpha-synuclein expressed in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:2777-86. [PMID: 17277073 PMCID: PMC1855795 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01406-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
alpha-Synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease. Although no signal sequence is apparent, alpha-synuclein expressed in Escherichia coli is mostly located in the periplasm. The possibilities that alpha-synuclein translocated into the periplasm across the inner membrane by the SecA or the Tat targeting route identified in bacteria and that alpha-synuclein was released through MscL were excluded. The signal recognition particle-dependent pathway is involved in the translocation of alpha-synuclein. The C-terminal 99-to-140 portion of the alpha-synuclein molecule plays a signal-like role for its translocation into the periplasm, cooperating with the central 61-to-95 section. The N-terminal 1-to-60 region is not required for this translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
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10
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Gruber CW, Cemazar M, Heras B, Martin JL, Craik DJ. Protein disulfide isomerase: the structure of oxidative folding. Trends Biochem Sci 2006; 31:455-64. [PMID: 16815710 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular functions hinge on the ability of proteins to adopt their correct folds, and misfolded proteins can lead to disease. Here, we focus on the proteins that catalyze disulfide bond formation, a step in the oxidative folding pathway that takes place in specialized cellular compartments. In the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotes, disulfide formation is catalyzed by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI); by contrast, prokaryotes produce a family of disulfide bond (Dsb) proteins, which together achieve an equivalent outcome in the bacterial periplasm. The recent crystal structure of yeast PDI has increased our understanding of the function and mechanism of PDI. Comparison of the structure of yeast PDI with those of bacterial DsbC and DsbG reveals some similarities but also striking differences that suggest directions for future research aimed at unraveling the catalytic mechanism of disulfide bond formation in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Gruber
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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11
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Li SJ, Hong XG, Shi YY, Li H, Wang CC. Annular arrangement and collaborative actions of four domains of protein-disulfide isomerase: a small angle X-ray scattering study in solution. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:6581-8. [PMID: 16407203 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m508422200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We presented for the first time a small angle x-ray scattering study of intact protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) in solution. The restored model revealed that PDI is a short and roughly elliptical cylinder with a molecular mass of 69 kDa and dimensions of 105 x 65 x 40 A, and the four thioredoxin-fold domains in the order a-b-b'-a' are arranged in an annular fashion. Atomic force microscope imaging also supported the finding that PDI appears as an approximately flat elliptical cylinder. A PDI species with apparent molecular mass of 116 kDa measured by using size-exclusion chromatography, previously assumed to be a dimer, was determined to exist mainly as a monomer by using analytical ultracentrifugation. The C-terminal fragment 441-491 contributed to the anomalous molecular mass determination of PDI by size-exclusion chromatography. The annular model of PDI accounted for the cooperative properties of the four domains in both the isomerase and chaperone functions of PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-jian Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhou H, Zhang Y, Jia C, Yang K. Chaperone characteristics of PDI-related protein A from Aspergillus niger. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 321:31-7. [PMID: 15358211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The functional properties of a novel protein, protein disulfide isomerase-related protein A (PRPA) from Aspergillus niger T21, have been characterized. (1) PRPA possesses disulfide isomerase activity. (2) In Hepes buffer, at substoichiometric concentrations, PRPA facilitates the formation of inactive lysozyme aggregates associated with PRPA (anti-chaperone activity); while at a high molar excess, PRPA inhibits aggregation by maintaining lysozyme in a soluble, yet inactive, state (chaperone-like activity). However, PRPA only exhibits chaperone-like activity during lysozyme refolding in phosphate buffer. (3) Experiments have indicated that disulfide cross-linkage is not required for the interaction between PRPA and lysozyme, and hydrophobic interaction may be responsible for PRPA effect on lysozyme. (4) Co-expression of PRPA and prochymosin in Escherichia coli leads to reduction of inclusion bodies, rendering part of prochymosin molecules soluble yet inactive. The structural and functional characteristics of PRPA suggest that PRPA may play an important role in protein folding, aggregation, and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academe of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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13
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Horibe T, Iguchi D, Masuoka T, Gomi M, Kimura T, Kikuchi M. Replacement of domain b of human protein disulfide isomerase-related protein with domain b' of human protein disulfide isomerase dramatically increases its chaperone activity. FEBS Lett 2004; 566:311-5. [PMID: 15147915 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2004] [Revised: 03/31/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that human protein disulfide isomerase-related protein (hPDIR) has isomerase and chaperone activities that are lower than those of the human protein disulfide isomerase (hPDI), and that the b domain of hPDIR is critical for its chaperone activity [J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 4604]. To investigate the basis of the differences between hPDI and hPDIR, and to determine the functions of each hPDIR domain in detail, we constructed several hPDIR domain mutants. Interestingly, when the b domain of hPDIR was replaced with the b' domain of hPDI, a dramatic increase in chaperone activity that was close to that of hPDI itself was observed. However, this mutant showed decreased oxidative refolding of alpha1-antitrypsin. The replacement of the b domain of hPDIR with the c domain of hPDI also increased its chaperone activity. These observations suggest that putative peptide-binding sites of hPDI determine both its chaperone activity and its substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Horibe
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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14
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Zhao Z, Peng Y, Hao SF, Zeng ZH, Wang CC. Dimerization by domain hybridization bestows chaperone and isomerase activities. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:43292-8. [PMID: 12933788 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m306945200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin, DsbA, the N-terminal active-site domain a and the non-active-site domain b of protein-disulfide isomerase are all monomeric with a thioredoxin fold, and each exhibits low or no isomerase and chaperone activity. We have linked the N terminus of the above four monomers, individually, to the C terminus of the N-terminal domain of DsbC via the flexible linker helix of the latter to produce four domain hybrids, DsbCn-Trx, DsbCn-DsbA, DsbCn-PDIa, and DsbCn-PDIb. These four hybrid proteins form homodimers, and except for DsbCn-PDIb they exhibit new or greatly elevated isomerase as well as chaperone activity. Three-dimensional structure prediction indicates that all the four domain hybrids adopt DsbC-like V-shaped structure with a broad uncharged cleft between the two arms for binding of non-native protein folding intermediates. The results provide strong evidence that dimerization creates chaperone and isomerase activity for monomeric thiol-protein oxidases or reductases, and suggesting a pathway for proteins to acquire new functions and/or higher biological efficiency during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academi of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Cunnea PM, Miranda-Vizuete A, Bertoli G, Simmen T, Damdimopoulos AE, Hermann S, Leinonen S, Huikko MP, Gustafsson JA, Sitia R, Spyrou G. ERdj5, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein containing DnaJ and thioredoxin domains, is expressed in secretory cells or following ER stress. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:1059-66. [PMID: 12411443 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m206995200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex array of chaperones and enzymes reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to assist the folding and assembly of and the disulfide bond formation in nascent secretory proteins. Here we characterize a novel human putative ER co-chaperone (ERdj5) containing domains resembling DnaJ, protein-disulfide isomerase, and thioredoxin domains. Homologs of ERdj5 have been found in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mus musculus. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ERdj5 interacts via its DnaJ domain with BiP in an ATP-dependent manner. ERdj5 is a ubiquitous protein localized in the ER and is particularly abundant in secretory cells. Its transcription is induced during ER stress, suggesting potential roles for ERdj5 in protein folding and translocation across the ER membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Cunnea
- Centre for Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, Södertörns Högskola, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100101, China
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17
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Horibe T, Nagai H, Sakakibara K, Hagiwara Y, Kikuchi M. Ribostamycin inhibits the chaperone activity of protein disulfide isomerase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289:967-72. [PMID: 11741285 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the process of screening of proteins binding to ribostamycin in bovine liver using the affinity column chromatography, we found that ribostamycin inhibited the chaperone activity of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), but it did not inhibit the isomerase activity. PDI was identified by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. A 100:1 molar ratio of ribostamycin to PDI was almost sufficient to completely inhibit the chaperone activity of PDI. The binding affinity of ribostamycin to purified bovine PDI was determined by the Biacore system, which gave a K(D) value of 3.19 x 10(-4) M. This suggests that ribostamycin binds to region distinct from the CGHC motif of PDI. This is the first report to describe the inhibitor of the chaperone activity of PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Horibe
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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Conesa A, Punt PJ, van Luijk N, van den Hondel CA. The secretion pathway in filamentous fungi: a biotechnological view. Fungal Genet Biol 2001; 33:155-71. [PMID: 11495573 DOI: 10.1006/fgbi.2001.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The high capacity of the secretion machinery of filamentous fungi has been widely exploited for the production of homologous and heterologous proteins; however, our knowledge of the fungal secretion pathway is still at an early stage. Most of the knowledge comes from models developed in yeast and higher eukaryotes, which have served as reference for the studies on fungal species. In this review we compile the data accumulated in recent years on the molecular basis of fungal secretion, emphasizing the relevance of these data for the biotechnological use of the fungal cell and indicating how this information has been applied in attempts to create improved production strains. We also present recent emerging approaches that promise to provide answers to fundamental questions on the molecular genetics of the fungal secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conesa
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Gene Technology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, 3700 AJ, The Netherlands
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Xiao R, Solovyov A, Gilbert HF, Holmgren A, Lundström-Ljung J. Combinations of Protein-disulfide Isomerase Domains Show That There Is Little Correlation between Isomerase Activity and Wild-type Growth. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:27975-80. [PMID: 11375405 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104203200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) has five domains: a, b, b', a' and c, all of which except c have a thioredoxin fold. A single catalytic domain (a or a') is effective in catalyzing oxidation of a reduced protein but not isomerization of disulfides (Darby, N. J., and Creighton, T. E. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 11725-11735). To examine the structural basis for this oxidase and isomerase activity of PDI, shuffled domain mutants were generated using a method that should be generally applicable to multidomain proteins. Domains a and a' along with constructs ab, aa', aba', ab'a' display low disulfide isomerase activity, but all show significant reactivity with mammalian thioredoxin reductase, suggesting that the structure is not seriously compromised. The only domain order that retains significant isomerase activity has the b' domain coupled to the N terminus of the a' domain. This b'a'c has 38% of the isomerase activity of wild-type PDI, equivalent to the activity of full-length PDI with one of the active sites inactivated by mutation (Walker, K. W., Lyles, M. M., and Gilbert, H. F. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 1972-1980). Individual a and a' domains, despite their very low isomerase activities in vitro, support wild-type growth of a pdi1Delta Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain yeast. Thus, most of the PDI structure is dispensable for its essential function in yeast, and high-level isomerase activity appears not required for viability or rapid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Xiao
- Medical Nobel Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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