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Braun C, Schlaweck S, Daecke SN, Brossart P, Heine A. The PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib impairs the function of human dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3693-3700. [PMID: 34173009 PMCID: PMC8571156 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The PI3Kδ-inhibitor Idelalisib is approved for the treatment of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, its use has been decreased within the last years due to deleterious infections such as cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis jirovecii. Here, we have investigated the effect of Idelalisib on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) as important players in the induction of immune responses. We found that Idelalisib-treated DCs displayed impaired T cell stimulatory function. PI3Kδ inhibition during differentiation resulted in decreased Interleukin-12, Interleukin-13 and TNFα production by DCs after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Moreover, DCs showed decreased expression of the activation marker CD83 after Idelalisib treatment. Further, in line with this was the failure of Idelalisib-treated DCs to properly induce allogeneic T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, activation of the NFκB pathway was also ablated in Idelalisib-treated DCs. Our results implicate that severe infectious complications may not only result from direct PI3Kδ-inhibition in T cells, but also from impaired DC function in Idelalisib-treated patients. Here, we provide new insight into the pathogenesis of Idelalisib-associated infectious complications. Our study may further provide a rationale for the use of Idelalisib as a novel therapeutic option in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Braun
- Medical Clinic III, Clinic for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schlaweck
- Medical Clinic III, Clinic for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), University Hospital of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Solveig Nora Daecke
- Medical Clinic III, Clinic for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Medical Clinic III, Clinic for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annkristin Heine
- Medical Clinic III, Clinic for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Elotuzumab spares dendritic cell integrity and functionality. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2167-2170. [PMID: 33651141 PMCID: PMC8164573 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Tabachnick-Cherny S, Pinto S, Berko D, Curato C, Wolf Y, Porat Z, Karmona R, Tirosh B, Jung S, Navon A. Polyglutamine-Related Aggregates Can Serve as a Potent Antigen Source for Cross-Presentation by Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2583-2594. [PMID: 33067378 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Protective MHC class I-dependent immune responses require an overlap between repertoires of proteins directly presented on target cells and cross-presented by professional APC, specifically dendritic cells. How stable proteins that rely on defective ribosomal proteins for direct presentation are captured for cell-to-cell transfer remains enigmatic. In this study, we address this issue using a combination of in vitro (C57BL/6-derived mouse cell lines) and in vivo (C57BL/6 mouse strains) approaches involving stable and unstable versions of OVA model Ags displaying defective ribosomal protein-dependent and -independent Ag presentation, respectively. Apoptosis, but not necrosis, of donor cells was found associated with robust global protein aggregate formation and captured stable proteins permissive for cross-presentation. Potency of aggregates to serve as Ag source was directly demonstrated using polyglutamine-equipped model substrates. Collectively, our data implicate global protein aggregation in apoptotic cells as a mechanism that ensures the overlap between MHC class I epitopes presented directly or cross-presented by APC and demonstrate the unusual ability of dendritic cells to process stable protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Tabachnick-Cherny
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sivan Pinto
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dikla Berko
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Caterina Curato
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yochai Wolf
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Department of Biological Services, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; and
| | - Rotem Karmona
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Ami Navon
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
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4
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Botelho NK, Tschumi BO, Hubbell JA, Swartz MA, Donda A, Romero P. Combination of Synthetic Long Peptides and XCL1 Fusion Proteins Results in Superior Tumor Control. Front Immunol 2019; 10:294. [PMID: 30863405 PMCID: PMC6399421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-presenting Xcr1+CD8α DCs are attractive APCs to target for therapeutic cancer vaccines, as they are able to take up and process antigen from dying tumor cells for their MHCI-restricted presentation to CD8 T cells. To this aim, we developed fusion proteins made of the Xcr1 ligand Xcl1 fused to an OVA synthetic long peptide (SLP) and IgG1 Fc fragment. We demonstrated the specific binding and uptake of the Xcl1 fusion proteins by Xcr1+ DCs. Most importantly, their potent adjuvant effect on the H-2Kb/OVA specific T cell response was associated with a sustained tumor control even against the poorly immunogenic B16-OVA melanoma tumor. The increased tumor protection correlated with higher tumor infiltration of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, increased IFNγ production and degranulation potential. Altogether, these results demonstrate that therapeutic cancer vaccines may be greatly improved by the combination of SLP antigen and Xcl1 fusion proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Chemokines, C/genetics
- Chemokines, C/immunology
- Chemokines, C/metabolism
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Ovalbumin/genetics
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Ovalbumin/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia K. Botelho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin O. Tschumi
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Melody A. Swartz
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alena Donda
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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5
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Xia H, Luo X, Yin W. Inhibition of prostate cancer growth by immunization with a GM-CSF-modified mouse prostate cancer RM-1 cell vaccine in a novel murine model. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:538-544. [PMID: 29387233 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer is difficult to treat owing to a lack of effective approaches for disrupting immune tolerance. C57BL/6 male and female mice implanted with viable RM-1 cells represent a novel murine model of advanced prostate cancer for studying antitumor effects following immunization with a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-modified RM-1 cell vaccine, which has been described previously. In vitro cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion experiments were conducted to investigate the antitumor response. The cytotoxicity profile of splenocytes from female mice immunized against RM-1 cells primarily involved cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lysis and, to a lesser extent, natural killer (NK) cell lysis. NK cell lysis was also observed in males, which exhibited no evidence of CTL lysis. The secretion of interferon-γ in the GM-CSF-modified cell vaccine group was significantly increased compared with the other groups. The level of interleukin-4 was low. To investigate the antitumor immune response further, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cells and CD8 T cells were analyzed in the spleens and tumors of female mice receiving the GM-CSF-modified RM-1 cell vaccine. Unlike female mice, males exhibited the highest proportion of NK cells in the spleen. NK cells were not detected in the tumor tissue in any of the groups. The difference between the sexes may explain the specificity of the immune response, as females are intolerant to prostate antigens whereas males are. This model is clinically relevant as it translates to human immunology and offers an effective and convenient method for studying immunotherapy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xia
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Yichun Affiliated to Clinical Medicine School of Yichun University in Jiangxi Province, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Luo
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Yichun Affiliated to Clinical Medicine School of Yichun University in Jiangxi Province, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Yin
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Yichun Affiliated to Clinical Medicine School of Yichun University in Jiangxi Province, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, P.R. China
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6
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Imai J, Otani M, Sakai T, Hatta S. Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation. J Vis Exp 2017:55949. [PMID: 28872140 PMCID: PMC5614360 DOI: 10.3791/55949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly capable of processing and presenting internalized exogenous antigens upon major histocompatibility class (MHC) I molecules also known as cross-presentation (CP). CP plays an important role not only in the stimulation of naïve CD8+ T cells and memory CD8+ T cells for infectious and tumor immunity but also in the inactivation of self-acting naïve T cells by T cell anergy or T cell deletion. Although the critical molecular mechanism of CP remains to be elucidated, accumulating evidence indicates that exogenous antigens are processed through endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) after export from non-classical endocytic compartments. Until recently, characterizations of these endocytic compartments were limited because there were no specific molecular markers other than exogenous antigens. The method described here is a new vesicle isolation protocol, which allows for the purification of these endocytic compartments. Using this purified microsome, we reconstituted the ERAD-like transport, ubiquitination, and processing of the exogenous antigen in vitro, suggesting that the ubiquitin-proteasome system processed the exogenous antigen after export from this cellular compartment. This protocol can be further applied to other cell types to clarify the molecular mechanism of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Imai
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare;
| | - Mayu Otani
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Takahiro Sakai
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Shinichi Hatta
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
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7
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Poly-γ-glutamic acid/chitosan nanogel greatly enhances the efficacy and heterosubtypic cross-reactivity of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44839. [PMID: 28322289 PMCID: PMC5359587 DOI: 10.1038/srep44839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, the global outbreak of an influenza pandemic emphasized the need for an effective vaccine adjuvant. In this study, we examined the efficacy of poly-γ-glutamic acid/chitosan (PC) nanogel as an adjuvant for the influenza vaccine. PC nanogel significantly enhanced antigen-specific cross-presentation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Compared with alum, the protective efficacy of the pandemic H1N1 influenza (pH1N1) vaccine was substantially increased by PC nanogel, with increased hemagglutination-inhibition titers, CTL activity, and earlier virus clearance after homologous and heterosubtypic [A/Philippines/2/82 (H3N2)] virus challenges. However, CD8+ T cell-depleted mice displayed no protection against the heterosubtypic virus challenge after immunization with PC nanogel-adjuvanted pH1N1 vaccine. We also observed that using PC nanogel as a vaccine adjuvant had a dose-sparing effect and significantly enhanced the long-lasting protection of the pH1N1 vaccine. Together, these results suggest that PC nanogel is a promising vaccine adjuvant that could broadly prevent influenza virus infection.
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8
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Imai J, Otani M, Sakai T, Hatta S. Purification of the subcellular compartment in which exogenous antigens undergo endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation from dendritic cells. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00151. [PMID: 27656684 PMCID: PMC5021789 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are capable of processing and presenting exogenous antigens using MHC class I molecules. This pathway is called antigen cross-presentation and plays an important role in the stimulation of naïve CD8(+) T cells for infectious and tumor immunity. Our previous studies in DC2.4 cells and bone marrow-derived DCs revealed that exogenously added ovalbumin (OVA) is processed through endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) for cross-presentation. In this study, we aimed to further confirm these results by purification of the subcellular compartment in which exogenous antigens undergo ERAD from homogenates of DC2.4 cells pretreated with biotinylated OVA (bOVA). bOVA-containing vesicles were purified using streptavidin (SA)-magnetic beads from cell homogenates and were found to contain ER chaperones and ERAD components together with proteins for antigen presentation. In purified microsomes, bOVA was retained in membranous fractions and degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome system in presence reticulocyte lysates and ATP. These results strongly suggested that DCs processed and degraded exogenous antigens through ERAD for cross-presentation in this purified subcellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Imai
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tkasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
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9
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Arora P, Porcelli SA. An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets. J Vis Exp 2016:e53824. [PMID: 27166856 DOI: 10.3791/53824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells primarily responsible for acquiring, processing and presenting antigens on antigen presenting molecules to initiate T-cell-mediated immunity. Dendritic cells can be separated into several phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous subsets. Three important subsets of splenic dendritic cells are plasmacytoid, CD8α(Pos) and CD8α(Neg) cells. The plasmacytoid DCs are natural producers of type I interferon and are important for anti-viral T cell immunity. The CD8α(Neg) DC subset is specialized for MHC class II antigen presentation and is centrally involved in priming CD4 T cells. The CD8α(Pos) DCs are primarily responsible for cross-presentation of exogenous antigens and CD8 T cell priming. The CD8α(Pos) DCs have been demonstrated to be most efficient at the presentation of glycolipid antigens by CD1d molecules to a specialized T cell population known as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Administration of Flt-3 ligand increases the frequency of migration of dendritic cell progenitors from bone marrow, ultimately resulting in expansion of dendritic cells in peripheral lymphoid organs in murine models. We have adapted this model to purify large numbers of functional dendritic cells for use in cell transfer experiments to compare in vivo proficiency of different DC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Arora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Steven A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine;
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10
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Citro A, Barnaba V, Martini H. From T Cell Apoptosis to Chronic Immune Activation in Inflammatory Diseases. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 164:140-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000363385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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11
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Nair-Gupta P, Blander JM. An updated view of the intracellular mechanisms regulating cross-presentation. Front Immunol 2013; 4:401. [PMID: 24319447 PMCID: PMC3837292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-presentation involves the presentation of peptides derived from internalized cargo on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by dendritic cells, a process critical for tolerance and immunity. Detailed studies of the pathways mediating cross-presentation have revealed that this process takes place in a specialized subcellular compartment with a unique set of proteins. In this review, we focus on the recently appreciated role for intracellular vesicular traffic, which serves to equip compartments such as endosomes and phagosomes with the necessary apparatus for conducting the various steps of cross-presentation. We also consider how these pathways may integrate with inflammatory signals particularly from pattern recognition receptors that detect the presence of microbial components during infection. We discuss the consequences of such signals on initiating cross-presentation to stimulate adaptive CD8 T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Nair-Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
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12
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Lee YR, Lee YH, Kim KH, Im SA, Lee CK. Induction of Potent Antigen-specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response by PLGA-nanoparticles Containing Antigen and TLR Agonist. Immune Netw 2013; 13:30-3. [PMID: 23559898 PMCID: PMC3607708 DOI: 10.4110/in.2013.13.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we showed that biodegradable nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) together with ovalbumin (OVA) were efficient at inducing MHC-restricted presentation of OVA peptides in dendritic cells. The CTL-inducing activities of the nanoparticles were examined in the present study. Nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA were prepared using biodegradable polymer poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), and then were opsonized with mouse IgG. The nanoparticles were injected into the tail vein of mice, and 7 days later the OVA-specific CTL activities were measured using an in vivo CTL assay. Immunization of mice with the nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA elicited potent OVA-specific CTL activity compared to those containing OVA only. In accordance with these results, nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA exerted potent antitumor activity in mice that were subcutaneously implanted with EG7.OVA tumor cells. These results show that encapsulation of poly-IC or CpG ODN together with antigen in biodegradable nanoparticles is an effective approach for the induction of potent antigen-specific CTL responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ran Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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13
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Majumder S, Bhattacharjee S, Paul Chowdhury B, Majumdar S. CXCL10 is critical for the generation of protective CD8 T cell response induced by antigen pulsed CpG-ODN activated dendritic cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48727. [PMID: 23144947 PMCID: PMC3492407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The visceral form of leishmaniasis is the most severe form of the disease and of particular concern due to the emerging problem of HIV/visceral leishmaniasis (VL) co-infection in the tropics. Till date miltefosine, amphotericin B and pentavalent antimony compounds remain the main treatment regimens for leishmaniasis. However, because of severe side effects, there is an urgent need for alternative improved therapies to combat this dreaded disease. In the present study, we have used the murine model of leishmaniasis to evaluate the potential role played by soluble leishmanial antigen (SLA) pulsed-CpG-ODN stimulated dendritic cells (SLA-CpG-DCs) in restricting the intracellular leishmanial growth. We found that mice vaccinated with a single dose of SLA-pulsed DC stimulated by CpG-ODN were protected against a subsequent leishmanial challenge and had a dramatic reduction in parasite burden along with the generation of parasite specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Moreover, we demonstrate that the induction of protective immunity conferred by SLA-CpG-DCs depends entirely on the CXC chemokine IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10; IP-10). CXCL10 is directly involved in the generation of a parasite specific CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response. We observed significant reduction of CD8+ T cells in mice depleted of CXCL10 suggesting a direct role of CXCL10 in the generation of CD8+ T cells in SLA-CpG-DCs vaccinated mice. CXCL10 also contributed towards the generation of perforin and granzyme B, two important cytolytic mediators of CD8+ T cells, following SLA-CpG-DCs vaccination. Together, these findings strongly demonstrate that CXCL10 is critical for rendering a protective cellular immunity during SLA-CpG-DC vaccination that confers protection against Leishmania donovani infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Majumder
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII-M, Kolkata, India
| | - Surajit Bhattacharjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII-M, Kolkata, India
| | - Bidisha Paul Chowdhury
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII-M, Kolkata, India
| | - Subrata Majumdar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII-M, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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14
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Virus-heat shock protein interaction and a novel axis for innate antiviral immunity. Cells 2012; 1:646-66. [PMID: 24710494 PMCID: PMC3901102 DOI: 10.3390/cells1030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infections induce heat shock proteins that in turn enhance virus gene expression, a phenomenon that is particularly well characterized for the major inducible 70 kDa heat shock protein (hsp70). However, hsp70 is also readily induced by fever, a phylogenetically conserved response to microbial infections, and when released from cells, hsp70 can stimulate innate immune responses through toll like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and 4). This review examines how the virus-hsp70 relationship can lead to host protective innate antiviral immunity, and the importance of hsp70 dependent stimulation of virus gene expression in this host response. Beginning with the well-characterized measles virus-hsp70 relationship and the mouse model of neuronal infection in brain, we examine data indicating that the innate immune response is not driven by intracellular sensors of pathogen associated molecular patterns, but rather by extracellular ligands signaling through TLR2 and 4. Specifically, we address the relationship between virus gene expression, extracellular release of hsp70 (as a damage associated molecular pattern), and hsp70-mediated induction of antigen presentation and type 1 interferons in uninfected macrophages as a novel axis of antiviral immunity. New data are discussed that examines the more broad relevance of this protective mechanism using vesicular stomatitis virus, and a review of the literature is presented that supports the probable relevance to both RNA and DNA viruses and for infections both within and outside of the central nervous system.
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15
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van Hall T, van der Burg SH. Mechanisms of peptide vaccination in mouse models: tolerance, immunity, and hyperreactivity. Adv Immunol 2012; 114:51-76. [PMID: 22449778 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396548-6.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of synthetic peptide vaccines capable of inducing strong and protective T-cell immunity has taken more than 20 years. Peptide vaccines come in many flavors and although their design is simple, their use is more complicated as the success of a particular peptide vaccine is influenced by many parameters. In fact, peptide vaccination may lead to tolerance, immunity or even hyper-reactivity causing death of the animals. Here we systematically dissect the parameters that influence the final outcome of peptide vaccines as examined in mouse models and this will guide the rational design of new vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Experimental Cancer Immunology and Therapy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Park S, Im SA, Kim KH, Lee CK. Immunomodulatory Effects of Hypocrellin A on MHC-restricted Antigen Processing. Immune Netw 2011; 11:412-5. [PMID: 22346783 PMCID: PMC3275712 DOI: 10.4110/in.2011.11.6.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypocrellin A has gained much attention in recent years due to its light-induced antitumor, antifungal and antiviral activities. Here we report that hypocrellin A exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted presentation of antigen. Hypocrellin A inhibited class II-MHC restricted presentation of exogenous antigen, but not class I MHC-restricted presentation of exogenous antigen, in dendritic cells. Hypocrellin A also inhibited the cytosolic pathway of endogenous antigen presentation. However, hypocrellin A did not inhibit the expression of class I and class II MHC molecules on dendritic cells (DCs), the phagocytic activity of DCs, or the H-2K(b)-restricted presentation of a synthetic peptide, SIINFEKL. These results show that hypocrellin A differentially modulates the MHC-restricted antigen presentation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunim Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Popovic ZV, Wang S, Papatriantafyllou M, Kaya Z, Porubsky S, Meisner M, Bonrouhi M, Burgdorf S, Young MF, Schaefer L, Gröne HJ. The proteoglycan biglycan enhances antigen-specific T cell activation potentially via MyD88 and TRIF pathways and triggers autoimmune perimyocarditis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 187:6217-26. [PMID: 22095710 PMCID: PMC3428142 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biglycan is a proteoglycan ubiquitously present in extracellular matrix of a variety of organs, including heart, and it was reported to be overexpressed in myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction may be complicated by perimyocarditis through unknown mechanisms. Our aim was to investigate the capacity of TLR2/TLR4 ligand biglycan to enhance the presentation of specific Ags released upon cardiomyocyte necrosis. In vitro, OVA-pulsed bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from wild-type (WT; C57BL/6) and TLR2-, TLR4-, MyD88-, or TRIF-deficient mice were cotreated with LPS, biglycan, or vehicle and incubated with OVA-recognizing MHC I- or MHC II-restricted T cells. Biglycan enhanced OVA-specific cross-priming by >80% to MHC I-restricted T cells in both TLR2- and TLR4-pathway-dependent manners. Accordingly, biglycan-induced cross-priming by both MyD88- and TRIF-deficient dendritic cells (DCs) was strongly diminished. OVA-specific activation of MHC II-restricted T cells was predominantly TLR4 dependent. Our first in vivo correlate was a model of experimental autoimmune perimyocarditis triggered by injection of cardiac Ag-pulsed DCs (BALB/c). Biglycan-treated DCs triggered perimyocarditis to a comparable extent and intensity as LPS-treated DCs (mean scores 1.3 ± 0.3 and 1.5 ± 0.4, respectively). Substitution with TLR4-deficient DCs abolished this effect. In a second in vivo approach, WT and biglycan-deficient mice were followed 2 wk after induction of myocardial infarction. WT mice demonstrated significantly greater myocardial T lymphocyte infiltration in comparison with biglycan-deficient animals. We concluded that the TLR2/4 ligand biglycan, a component of the myocardial matrix, may enhance Ag-specific T cell priming, potentially via MyD88 and TRIF, and stimulate autoimmune perimyocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran V. Popovic
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Porubsky
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Meisner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahnaz Bonrouhi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Burgdorf
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marian F. Young
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Clinic, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) contributes to cytosolic translocation of extracellular antigen for cross-presentation by dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:16363-8. [PMID: 21930907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1108372108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In antigen (Ag) cross-presentation, dendritic cells (DCs) take up extracellular Ag and translocate them from the endosome to the cytosol for proteasomal degradation. The processed peptides can enter the conventional MHC I pathway. The molecules responsible for the translocation of Ag across the endosomal membrane into the cytosol are unknown. Here we demonstrate that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is critical for this step. Cross-presentation and -priming were decreased in both HSP90α-null DCs and mice. CD8α(+) DC apoptosis mediated by translocation of exogenous cytochrome c to the cytosol was also eliminated in HSP90α-null mice. Ag translocation into the cytosol was diminished in HSP90α-null DCs and in DCs treated with an HSP90 inhibitor. Internalized Ag was associated with HSP90 and translocated to the cytosol, a process abrogated by the HSP90 inhibitor. Ag within purified phagosomes was released in an HSP90-dependent manner. These results demonstrate the important role of HSP90 in cross-presentation by pulling endosomal Ag out into the cytosol.
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Cancer vaccines. Any future? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:249-59. [PMID: 21644030 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The idea that vaccination can be used to fight cancer is not new. Approximately 100 years ago, researchers attempted to stimulate a tumor-specific, therapeutic immune response to tumors by injecting patients with cells and extracts from their own tumors, or tumors of the same type from different individuals. During the last decade, great efforts have been made to develop immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of malignant diseases as alternatives to traditional chemo- and radiotherapy. A quintessential goal of immunotherapy in cancer is treatment with vaccines that elicit potent anti-tumor immune responses without side effects. In this article, we have attempted to review some of the most problematic issues facing the development of cancer vaccines. With the prospect of immunosuppression, an ill-designed cancer vaccine can be more harmful than a no-benefit therapy. We have noted that "immunoediting" and "immunodominance" are the premier setbacks in peptide-based vaccines and therefore it appears necessary not only to manipulate the activity of a vast number of principal components but also to finely tune their concentrations in time and space. In the face of all these quandaries, it is at least doubtful that any reliable anti-cancer vaccine strategy will emerge in the near future.
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Abstract
Cross-priming is an important mechanism to activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for immune defence against viruses and tumours. Although it was discovered more than 25 years ago, we have only recently gained insight into the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, and we are just beginning to understand its physiological importance in health and disease. Here we summarize current concepts on the cross-talk between the immune cells involved in CTL cross-priming and on its role in antimicrobial and antitumour defence, as well as in immune-mediated diseases.
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DNA-mediated vaccination conferring protection against infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens in the presence of maternal antibody. Vaccine 2010; 28:3936-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cross-presentation of HCMV chimeric protein enables generation and measurement of polyclonal T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 88:676-84. [PMID: 20195281 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cell immunity has a critical function in controlling human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. In immunocompromized individuals, HCMV reactivation or disease can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in transplant recipients. In this setting, adoptive transfer of HCMV-specific CD8(+) T cells is a promising vaccine strategy to restore viral immunity, with most clinical approaches focussing on the use of peptides for the generation of single epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells. We show that using an IE1-pp65 chimeric protein as the antigen source promotes effective cross-presentation, by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), to generate polyclonal CD8(+) T cell epitopes. By exploring human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted immunodominance hierarchies both within and across two immunodominant proteins, we show that HLA-B7 epitopes elicit higher CD8(+) T cell responses compared with HLA-A1, -A2 or -B8. This study provides important evidence highlighting both the efficacy of the IE1-pp65 chimeric protein and the importance of immunodominance in designing future therapeutic vaccines.
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Alternative cross-priming through CCL17-CCR4-mediated attraction of CTLs toward NKT cell-licensed DCs. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:313-20. [PMID: 20190758 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cross-priming allows dendritic cells (DCs) to induce cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses to extracellular antigens. DCs require cognate 'licensing' for cross-priming, classically by helper T cells. Here we demonstrate an alternative mechanism for cognate licensing by natural killer T (NKT) cells recognizing microbial or synthetic glycolipid antigens. Such licensing caused cross-priming CD8alpha(+) DCs to produce the chemokine CCL17, which attracted naive CTLs expressing the chemokine receptor CCR4. In contrast, DCs licensed by helper T cells recruited CTLs using CCR5 ligands. Thus, depending on the type of antigen they encounter, DCs can be licensed for cross-priming by NKT cells or helper T cells and use at least two independent chemokine pathways to attract naive CTLs. Because these chemokines acted synergistically, this can potentially be exploited to improve vaccinations.
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Melzer N, Meuth SG, Wiendl H. CD8+ T cells and neuronal damage: direct and collateral mechanisms of cytotoxicity and impaired electrical excitability. FASEB J 2009; 23:3659-73. [PMID: 19567369 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-136200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells are increasingly recognized as key players in various inflammatory and degenerative central nervous system (CNS) disorders. CD8(+) T cells are believed to actively contribute to neural damage in these CNS conditions. Conceptually, one can separate two possible ways that CD8(+) T cells harm neuronal function or integrity: CD8(+) T cells either directly target neurons and their neurites in an antigen- or contact-dependent fashion, or exert their action via "collateral" mechanisms of neuronal damage that might follow destruction of the myelin sheath or glial cells in both the CNS gray and white matter. After introducing clinical examples, in which the putative relevance CD8(+) T cells has been demonstrated, we summarize knowledge on the sequence of initiation and execution of CD8(+) T-cell responses in the CNS. This includes the initial antigen cross-presentation and priming of naive CD8(+) T cells, followed by the invasion, migration, and target-cell recognition of CD8(+) effector T cells in the CNS parenchyma. Moreover, we discuss mechanisms of impaired electrical signaling and cell death of neurons as direct and collateral targets of CD8(+) T cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Melzer
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Heymann F, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Hamilton-Williams EE, Hammerich L, Panzer U, Kaden S, Quaggin SE, Floege J, Gröne HJ, Kurts C. Kidney dendritic cell activation is required for progression of renal disease in a mouse model of glomerular injury. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:1286-97. [PMID: 19381017 DOI: 10.1172/jci38399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of kidney disease to renal failure correlates with infiltration of mononuclear immune cells into the tubulointerstitium. These infiltrates contain macrophages, DCs, and T cells, but the role of each cell type in disease progression is unclear. To investigate the underlying immune mechanisms, we generated transgenic mice that selectively expressed the model antigens ovalbumin and hen egg lysozyme in glomerular podocytes (NOH mice). Coinjection of ovalbumin-specific transgenic CD8+ CTLs and CD4+ Th cells into NOH mice resulted in periglomerular mononuclear infiltrates and inflammation of parietal epithelial cells, similar to lesions frequently observed in human chronic glomerulonephritis. Repetitive T cell injections aggravated infiltration and caused progression to structural and functional kidney damage after 4 weeks. Mechanistic analysis revealed that DCs in renal lymph nodes constitutively cross-presented ovalbumin and activated CTLs. These CTLs released further ovalbumin for CTL activation in the lymph nodes and for simultaneous presentation to Th cells by distinct DC subsets residing in the kidney tubulointerstitium. Crosstalk between tubulointerstitial DCs and Th cells resulted in intrarenal cytokine and chemokine production and in recruitment of more CTLs, monocyte-derived DCs, and macrophages. The importance of DCs was established by the fact that DC depletion rapidly resolved established kidney immunopathology. These findings demonstrate that glomerular antigen-specific CTLs and Th cells can jointly induce renal immunopathology and identify kidney DCs as a mechanistic link between glomerular injury and the progression of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Heymann
- Institutes for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
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Sperm membrane lipid liposomes can evoke an effective immune response against encapsulated antigen in BALB/c mice. Vaccine 2008; 26:5874-82. [PMID: 18789993 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In an earlier study, we provided strong evidence that liposomes made of sperm membrane lipids (spermatosomes) can deliver entrapped molecules to the cytosol of target cells. Now we have evaluated the immunological behavior of spermatosome-encapsulated soluble antigen ovalbumin (OVA) in BALB/c mice. Spermatosome-mediated antigen delivery can affect both cytosolic and endosomal antigen-processing pathways, simultaneously, leading to the generation of CD4+ T-helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses. Isotype studies revealed that immunization with spermatosome-encapsulated OVA elicits mainly IgG2a and IgG1 subclasses of antibodies. A potential vaccine candidate should impart long-lasting protection against infection; to this end, immunization with spermatosome-encapsulated OVA resulted in expression of CD44 and CD62L cell-surface markers on T cells, suggestive of a desirable memory response. We conclude that spermatosome encapsulation is a useful strategy for vaccine production, because it enhances the immunological activity of the encapsulated antigen.
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Abstract
Durable tumor regression and potential cures of metastatic solid cancers can be achieved by a variety of cellular immunotherapy strategies, including cytokine therapy, dendritic cell-based vaccines, and immune-activating antibodies, when used in so-called immune-sensitive cancers such as melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. However, these immunotherapy strategies have very low tumor response rates, usually in the order of 5% to 10% of treated patients. We propose that the antitumor activity of adequately stimulated tumor antigen-specific T cells is limited by local factors within the tumor milieu and that pharmacologic modulation of this milieu may overcome tumor resistance to immunotherapy. By understanding the mechanisms of cancer cell immune escape, it may be possible to design rational combinatorial approaches of novel therapies able to target immunosuppressive or antiapoptotic molecules in an attempt to reverse resistance to immune system control. We term this mode of treatment "immunosensitization." Ideal candidates for immunosensitizing drugs would be targeted drugs that block key oncogenic mechanisms in cancer cells resulting in a proapoptotic cancer cell milieu and at the same time do not negatively interfere with critical lymphocyte functions.
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Zhang W, Liu J, Wu Y, Xiao F, Wang Y, Wang R, Yang H, Wang G, Yang J, Deng H, Li J, Wen Y, Wei Y. Immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma with a vaccine based on xenogeneic homologous alpha fetoprotein in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376:10-4. [PMID: 18725206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a diagnostic marker for the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and a potential target for immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the immunity to AFP is presumably difficult to elicit because of immune tolerance acquired during the development of immune system. In the present study, we used AFP as a model antigen to explore the feasibility of the immunotherapy of AFP-positive liver cancer by the breaking of immune tolerance against AFP in a cross-reaction between the xenogeneic homologues and self molecules. Recombinant rat AFP was prepared as a vaccine, and mouse AFP was prepared as a control. Immunized with rat AFP was effective at protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma model in mice. Both humoral and cellular immune responses may be responsible for the antitumor activity against AFP-positive tumor cells, and no marked side effects were observed in the immunized mice. Thus, our study may provide an effective vaccine strategy for the treatment of AFP-positive hepatocellular carcinoma, and may be of importance to further exploration of the breaking of immune tolerance to self molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Gao Xin Qu Ke Yuan 4th Road No. 1, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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29
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Robert J, Ramanayake T, Maniero GD, Morales H, Chida AS. Phylogenetic conservation of glycoprotein 96 ability to interact with CD91 and facilitate antigen cross-presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:3176-82. [PMID: 18292541 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the ability of gp96 to activate APCs and generate CD8 CTLs against peptides they chaperone through interaction with the endocytic receptors CD91 is supported by solid evidence, its biological relevance in immune surveillance is debated. We have used an evolutionary approach to determine whether gp96 interacts with receptors expressed on APCs and promotes MHC class I cross-presentation of minor histocompatibility Ags (H-Ags) to CTLs in the frog Xenopus. We show that in Xenopus gp96 binds the CD91 homolog at the surface of peritoneal leukocytes, and that this binding is inhibited by molar excess of unlabeled gp96 or the CD91 ligand alpha2-macroglobulin, by anti-CD91 Ab and by the specific CD91 antagonist receptor-associated protein. Surface binding followed by internalization of gp96 was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of peritoneal leukocytes pulsed with as little as 800 ng of gp96 chaperoning minor H-Ags, but not minor H-Ag-free gp96, induces potent CD8 T cell infiltration and Ag-specific accelerated rejection of minor H-locus disparate skin grafts. Inhibition of gp96-CD91 interaction by pretreatment with anti-CD91 Ab and receptor-associated protein impairs both CD8 T cell infiltration and acute skin graft rejection. These data provide evidence of the conserved ability of gp96 to facilitate cross-presentation of chaperoned Ags by interacting with CD91. The persistence of this biological process for >350 million years that separate mammals and amphibians from a common ancestor strongly supports the proposition that gp96 and CD91 are critically involved in immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Labarthe MC, Theocharous P, Russell N, Todryk S, Bangma C, Thraves P, Dalgleish AG, Whelan MA. A novel murine model of allogeneic vaccination against prostate cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:453-65. [PMID: 17805533 PMCID: PMC11030044 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer continues to be a major cause of death in men. Surgical and medical treatments of the disease have improved, but metastasic disease remains a significant clinical problem. Novel therapies such as whole cell vaccination offer the potential of treating disease by stimulating the immune system. To study the efficacy of a whole cell vaccine in prostate cancer two strains of mice were used: C57BL/6 (H-2Kb) and C3H/HeJ (H-2K(k)) in combination with four different cell lines. Thus, a model was constructed of allogeneic and syngeneic vaccine, as well as a challenge tumour for each strain. Two novel cell lines were developed during this study. Firstly, the non tumourigeneic PMC-1 was derived from a normal mouse prostate and immortalized with HPV16. Secondly, the tumourigeneic PMC-1 C6ras1p1 was transformed with human ras gene which formed tumours in both SCID and C3H/HeJ mice. Protection, and the nature of the immune response to syngeneic and allogeneic vaccine, in males and females was examined in both strains. Vaccination with both syngeneic and allogeneic irradiated whole cell vaccines induced protection from syngeneic challenge in females. However, no protection was observed when allogeneic vaccine was given to male mice. This correlated with the immune response. Two types of cellular immune responses were generated in females. A NK-mediated response was observed in C57BL/6 mice, whilst C3H/HeJ mice developed a CTL response. Little or no cellular immune response was observed in males. The cytokine profile in C3H/HeJ females was a mixture of Th1 and Th2 whilst a mainly Th1 profile was observed in C57BL/6 mice. Male mice showed a diminished cytokine secretion compared to females which was further depressed after challenge. The difference in immunity was largely as expected, since tolerance to prostate antigens should not normally develop in female mice. However, this makes this model particularly relevant clinically since it directly mimics the human situation and thus may accelerate the development of whole cell vaccines for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Labarthe
- Department of Oncology, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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Enumeration and functional evaluation of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lymphoid and peripheral sites of coxsackievirus B3 infection. J Virol 2008; 82:4331-42. [PMID: 18305030 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02639-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that coxsackievirus B (CVB) activates CD8(+) T cells in vivo, but the extent of this activation and the antigen specificity of the CD8(+) T cells remain uncertain. Furthermore, CVB-induced CD4(+) T-cell responses have not been carefully investigated. Herein, we evaluate CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses both in a secondary lymphoid organ (spleen) and in peripheral tissues (heart and pancreas), using a recombinant CVB3 (rCVB3.6) that encodes well-characterized CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell epitopes. Despite reaching high levels in vivo, rCVB3.6 failed to trigger a marked expansion of CD8(+) or CD4(+) T cells, and T-cell activation was surprisingly limited. Furthermore, epitope-specific effector functions could not be detected using highly sensitive in vivo and ex vivo assays. Moreover, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I tetramer analysis indicated that our inability to detect CVB3-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses could not be explained by the cells being dysfunctional. In contrast to naïve T cells, epitope-specific memory CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells proliferated markedly, indicating that both of the rCVB3.6-encoded epitopes were presented by their respective MHC molecules in vivo. These data are consistent with the observation that several CVB3 proteins can limit the presentation of viral epitopes on the surface of infected cells and suggest that the level of MHC/peptide complex is sufficient to trigger memory but not naïve T cells. Finally, our findings have implications for the biological significance of cross-priming, a process thought by some to be important for the induction of antiviral CD8(+) T-cell responses.
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Improved T cell responses to Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein in mice and monkeys induced by a novel formulation of RTS,S vaccine antigen. Vaccine 2008; 26:1072-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Purcell AW, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J. More than one reason to rethink the use of peptides in vaccine design. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007; 6:404-14. [PMID: 17473845 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of peptides as therapeutics is experiencing renewed enthusiasm owing to advances in delivery, stability and design. Moreover, there is a growing emphasis on the use of peptides in vaccine design as insights into tissue-specific processing of the immunogenic epitopes of proteins and the discovery of unusually long cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes broaden the range of targets and give clues to enhancing peptide immunogenicity. Peptides can also be synthesized with known post-translational modifications and/or deliberately introduced protease-resistant peptide bonds to regulate their processing independent of tissue-specific proteolysis and to stabilize these compounds in vivo. We discuss the potential of peptide-based vaccines for the treatment of chronic viral diseases and cancer, and review recent developments in the field of peptide-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Purcell
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Lee JR, Shin JH, Park JH, Song SU, Choi GS. Combined treatment with intratumoral injection of dendritic cells and topical application of imiquimod for murine melanoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 32:541-9. [PMID: 17553061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maturation state of dendritic cells is one of the factors that affect their capacity to induce antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Topical cutaneous application of imiquimod can induce the maturation and migration of cutaneous dendritic cells. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the synergistic effect of topical application of imiquimod plus intratumoral injection of syngeneic bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the treatment of melanoma. METHODS For the B16F10 melanoma model, naive C57BL/6 mice were inoculated intradermally with 2x10(3) B16F10 melanoma cells in the right upper flank. Four groups (untreated control, dendritic cells alone, imiquimod alone and imiquimod plus dendritic cells) were included in the animal study, with five mice in each group. Tumour size was measured every 2 weeks, and histochemical and immunohistochemical staining carried out. ELISpot and PKH assays were performed to assess immune activity. RESULTS Combined treatment of topical application of imiquimod and intratumoral injection of dendritic cells led to significant tumour regression, in contrast to partial eradication of the tumours with imiquimod or dendritic cells alone. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that combination therapy with topical application of imiquimod and intratumoral administration of dendritic cells is a potent strategy for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-R Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, and Clinical Research Centre, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
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35
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Valmori D, Souleimanian NE, Tosello V, Bhardwaj N, Adams S, O'Neill D, Pavlick A, Escalon JB, Cruz CM, Angiulli A, Angiulli F, Mears G, Vogel SM, Pan L, Jungbluth AA, Hoffmann EW, Venhaus R, Ritter G, Old LJ, Ayyoub M. Vaccination with NY-ESO-1 protein and CpG in Montanide induces integrated antibody/Th1 responses and CD8 T cells through cross-priming. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:8947-52. [PMID: 17517626 PMCID: PMC1885608 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0703395104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of recombinant tumor antigen proteins is a realistic approach for the development of generic cancer vaccines, but the potential of this type of vaccines to induce specific CD8(+) T cell responses, through in vivo cross-priming, has remained unclear. In this article, we report that repeated vaccination of cancer patients with recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein, Montanide ISA-51, and CpG ODN 7909, a potent stimulator of B cells and T helper type 1 (Th1)-type immunity, resulted in the early induction of specific integrated CD4(+) Th cells and antibody responses in most vaccinated patients, followed by the development of later CD8(+) T cell responses in a fraction of them. The correlation between antibody and T cell responses, together with the ability of vaccine-induced antibodies to promote in vitro cross-presentation of NY-ESO-1 by dendritic cells to vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells, indicated that elicitation of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cell responses by cross-priming in vivo was associated with the induction of adequate levels of specific antibodies. Together, our data provide clear evidence of in vivo cross-priming of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by a recombinant tumor antigen vaccine, underline the importance of specific antibody induction for the cross-priming to occur, and support the use of this type of formulation for the further development of efficient cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Valmori
- *Ludwig Institute Clinical Trial Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | | | - Valeria Tosello
- *Ludwig Institute Clinical Trial Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Sylvia Adams
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - David O'Neill
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Anna Pavlick
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | | | | | | | | | - Gregory Mears
- Division of Medical Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Susan M. Vogel
- Division of Medical Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Linda Pan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10158
| | | | | | - Ralph Venhaus
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10158
| | - Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10158
| | - Lloyd J. Old
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10158
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- *Ludwig Institute Clinical Trial Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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36
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Saha A, Chatterjee SK, Foon KA, Celis E, Bhattacharya-Chatterjee M. Therapy of established tumors in a novel murine model transgenic for human carcinoembryonic antigen and HLA-A2 with a combination of anti-idiotype vaccine and CTL peptides of carcinoembryonic antigen. Cancer Res 2007; 67:2881-92. [PMID: 17363612 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Induction of potent and sustained antitumor immunity depends on the efficient activation of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. Immunization using dendritic cells loaded with tumor antigens constitute a powerful platform for stimulating cellular immunity. Our previous studies suggested that vaccination with an anti-idiotype antibody 3H1, which mimics a specific epitope of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), has the potential to break immune tolerance to CEA and induce anti-CEA antibody as well as CEA-specific CD4(+) T-helper responses in colon cancer patients as well as in mice transgenic for human CEA. Here, we have combined the anti-idiotype 3H1 with the CTL peptides of CEA to augment both T-helper and CTL responses in a clinically relevant mouse model, which is transgenic for both CEA and HLA-A2. We have evaluated the potential of two different HLA-A2-restricted epitopes of CEA pulsed into dendritic cells in a therapeutic setting. The overall immune responses and survival were enhanced in groups of mice immunized with agonist peptide for CEA(691) (YMIGMLVGV)-pulsed dendritic cells or CAP1-6D (YLSGADLNL, agonist peptide for CAP-1)-pulsed dendritic cells. Mice immunized with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells along with 3H1-pulsed dendritic cells resulted in significant increase in survival compared with mice immunized with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells alone (P < 0.02). IFN-gamma ELISPOT and (51)Cr-release assays showed that HLA-A2-restricted, CEA-specific CTL responses were augmented by combined dendritic cell vaccinations. The combined vaccination strategy resulted in increased antigen-specific proliferation of splenocytes and secretion of Th1 cytokines by CD4(+) T cells that correlated with increased survival. These results suggest the potential use of this vaccination strategy for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Saha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0509, USA
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37
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Ding ZY, Wu Y, Luo Y, Su JM, Li Q, Zhang XW, Liu JY, He QM, Yang L, Tian L, Zhao X, Deng HX, Wen YJ, Li J, Kang B, Wei YQ. Mannan-modified adenovirus as a vaccine to induce antitumor immunity. Gene Ther 2007; 14:657-63. [PMID: 17287861 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tumor vaccine is a useful strategy for cancer therapy. However, priming of the immune system requires the relevant antigen to be presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Here, we employed telomerase reverse transcriptase as a model antigen to explore the feasibility of using mannan-modified adenovirus as a tumor vaccine. We found that tumor immunogene therapy with the vaccine was effective at protective antitumor immunity in mice. The antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes were found in in vitro cytotoxicity assay. The elevation of the killing activity could be abrogated by anti-CD8 or anti-major histocompatibility complex-I antibodies. Adoptive transfer of purified CD8+ cells, and CD4+ cells to a less extent, was effective at antitumor activity. In vivo antitumor activity could be abrogated by depleting CD4+ T lymphocytes. A possible explanation for the antitumor effects may be the antigen was transferred to APCs in the presence of mannan. These observations provide insights into the design of novel vaccine strategies and might be important for the future application of antigens identified in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-Y Ding
- Department of Oncology, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, The People's Republic of China
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38
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Villadangos JA, Heath WR, Carbone FR. Outside looking in: the inner workings of the crosspresentation pathway within dendritic cells. Trends Immunol 2007; 28:45-7. [PMID: 17197240 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2006.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The entry of exogenous antigen into the MHC class I-restricted cross-presentation pathway can contribute to CD8(+) T cell tolerance and immunity, in particular to peripheral self-antigens or selected viruses and bacteria showing restricted tissue tropism. Dendritic cells are the key cross-presenting cells and, as such, they are thought to carry specialized machinery dedicated to this purpose. Two recent papers describe intracellular components tailored to the dendritic cell cross-presentation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Villadangos
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3050, Australia
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39
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate either tolerance or immunity. At the heart of this function lies phagocytosis, which allows DCs to sample the tissue microenvironment and deliver both its self and non-self constituents into endocytic compartments for clearance, degradation and presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Depending on the type of signalling pathways triggered during phagocytosis, DCs deliver appropriate signals to T cells that determine either their tolerance or activation and differentiation. Here I draw attention to the ability of DCs to read the contents of their phagosomes depending on the type of compartmentalized signalling pathways engaged during internalization. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) engaged during phagocytosis of microbial pathogens, but not syngeneic apoptotic cells exert phagosome autonomous control on both the kinetics and outcome of phagosome maturation. By bearing the assembly of signalling complexes on their membranes, individual phagosomes undergo separate programmes of maturation irrespective of the activation status of the DC carrying them. Phagosomes carrying microbial cargo are favoured for MHC class II presentation precluding phagosomes carrying self from contributing to the first signal delivered to T cells - the peptide-MHC complex. This mechanism prevents the potential presentation of peptides derived from self within the context of TLR-induced co-stimulatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Magarian Blander
- Center for Immunobiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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40
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Wang LF, Hsu CJ, Miaw SC, Chiu HC, Liu CY, Yu HS. Cross-priming with an epicutaneously introduced soluble protein antigen generates Tc1 cells. Eur J Immunol 2007; 36:2904-11. [PMID: 17048268 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Epicutaneous sensitization with a protein antigen was demonstrated to induce a predominant type 2 CD4 T cell response with high IgE production in mice. On the other hand, its CD8 T cell responses have not been addressed probably partly because of the generally accepted concept that cross-priming of soluble protein is an inefficient process. Here, we used an established patch-applied murine model to demonstrate that cross-priming with an epicutaneously introduced soluble protein antigen, though inefficient, generated mainly Tc1 cells, but not Tc2 cells. In the presence of an irritant or hapten, the efficiency of this cross-priming process could be enhanced and more Tc1 cells were generated. CpG oligonucleotides also promote the generation of Tc1 cells. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide and poly (inosinic-cytidylic) acid [poly (I:C)] have no effect. Together, these results provide supportive evidence of the epicutaneous sensitization of human cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen-positive CD8 T cells found in the peripheral blood or tissues of patients. The surprising observation of the type 1 character of the generated CD8 T cells will also help us to better understand the complicated pathogenesis of atopic and cutaneous inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Azeredo EL, Zagne SMO, Alvarenga AR, Nogueira RMR, Kubelka CF, de Oliveira-Pinto LM. Activated peripheral lymphocytes with increased expression of cell adhesion molecules and cytotoxic markers are associated with dengue fever disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 101:437-49. [PMID: 16951817 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune mechanisms involved in dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic/dengue shock syndrome are not well understood. The ex vivo activation status of immune cells during the dengue disease in patients was examined. CD4 and CD8 T cells were reduced during the acute phase. Interestingly, CD8 T cells co-expressing activation marker HLA-DR, Q, P, and cytolytic granule protein-Tia-1 were significantly higher in dengue patients than in controls. Detection of adhesion molecules indicated that in dengue patients the majority of T cells (CD4 and CD8) express the activation/memory phenotype, characterized as CD44HIGH and lack the expression of the naïve cell marker, CD62L LOW. Also, the levels of T cells co-expressing ICAM-1 (CD54), VLA-4, and LFA-1 (CD11a) were significantly increased. CD8 T lymphocytes expressed predominantly low levels of anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 in the acute phase, possibly leading to the exhibition of a phenotype of activated/effector cells. Circulating levels of IL-18, TGF-b1 and sICAM-1 were significantly elevated in dengue patients. Early activation events occur during acute dengue infection which might contribute to viral clearance. Differences in expression of adhesion molecules among CD4 and CD8 T cells might underlie the selective extravasation of these subsets from blood circulation into lymphoid organs and/or tissues. In addition, activated CD8 T cells would be more susceptible to apoptosis as shown by the alteration in Bcl-2 expression. Cytokines such as IL-18, TGF-b1, and sICAM-1 may be contributing by either stimulating or suppressing the adaptative immune response, during dengue infection, thereby perhaps establishing a relationship with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzinandes L Azeredo
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz
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42
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Li N, Qin H, Li X, Zhou C, Wang D, Ma W, Lin C, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang S. Potent systemic antitumor immunity induced by vaccination with chemotactic-prostate tumor associated antigen gene-modified tumor cell and blockade of B7-H1. J Clin Immunol 2006; 27:117-30. [PMID: 17180470 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-006-9053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that several DNA fragments from human prostate-specific membrane antigen (hPSM), mouse prostatic acid phosphatase (mPAP), and human prostate-specific antigen (hPSA) genes were selected and fused to create a novel hPSM-mPAP-hPSA fusion gene (named 3P gene), and human secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC), 3P, and human IgG Fc genes were inserted into pcDNA3.1 to construct a DNA vaccine, designated pSLC-3P-Fc. In this report, to establish a more efficient treatment for immunotherapy against prostate cancer, the construct was transfected into B16F10 to generate gene-modified tumor cell vaccine (named B16F10-SLC-3P-Fc). In poorly immunogenic B16F10 mouse melanoma model, the immunization with B16F10-SLC-3P-Fc resulted in a strong antitumor response and 50% of tumor-bearing mice achieved long-term survival (>120 days). In vivo depletion of lymphocytes indicated that CD8(+) T cells were involved in the direct tumor killing, whereas CD4(+) T lymphocytes were required for the induction of CD8(+) CTL response in B16F10-SLC-3P-Fc-immunized mice. Splenocytes from B16F10-SLC-3P-Fc-immunized mice specifically recognized and lysed PSM, PAP, PSA, and 3P expressing tumor cells. The combined therapy of B16F10-SLC-3P-Fc plus anti-B7-H1 MAbs further enhanced the immune response. Rechallenge experiment showed that a persistent memory response was successfully induced by the combined therapy. These observations suggest pSLC-3P-Fc-modified tumor cells could serve as a vaccine against prostate cancer, and the therapy combined with anti-B7-H1 MAbs further enhanced the antitumor immune response.
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MESH Headings
- Acid Phosphatase
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- B7-H1 Antigen
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Chemokines/immunology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Prostate-Specific Antigen/immunology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/immunology
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Immunology, Cancer Institute, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
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43
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Blander JM. Coupling Toll-like receptor signaling with phagocytosis: potentiation of antigen presentation. Trends Immunol 2006; 28:19-25. [PMID: 17126600 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has focused on the role of co-stimulation in dictating tolerance versus immunity to internalized antigens, with the assumption that the presentation of antigen-derived peptides by MHC molecules occurs constitutively. Here, I highlight our new appreciation for the regulated presentation of phagocytosed antigens by MHC class II molecules as a direct result of controlling phagosome maturation by Toll-like receptors. I discuss how the mode of antigen delivery into dendritic cells coupled with the right type of signal transduction pathway can impact greatly not only the co-stimulatory context in which the antigen is presented to naive T cells (signal 2) but MHC-II presentation of the antigen and formation of the T-cell receptor ligand (signal 1) itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Magarian Blander
- Center for Immunobiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY 10029, USA.
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44
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Hsieh MK, Wu CC, Lin TL. The effect of co-administration of DNA carrying chicken interferon-γ gene on protection of chickens against infectious bursal disease by DNA-mediated vaccination. Vaccine 2006; 24:6955-65. [PMID: 17050043 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether DNA vaccination by co-administration of DNA coding for chicken interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) gene and DNA encoding for the VP243 gene of IBDV could enhance immune response and protection efficacy of chickens against challenge by IBDV. Plasmids carrying VP243 gene of IBDV strain variant E (VE) (P/VP243/E) and chicken IFN-gamma gene (P/cIFN-gamma) were constructed, respectively. One-day-old chickens were intramuscularly injected with P/VP243/E, or P/cIFN-gamma, or both once, twice, or three times into the thigh muscle of one leg or the thigh muscles of two separate legs at weekly intervals. Chickens were orally challenged with IBDV strain VE at 3 weeks of age and observed for 10 days. Chickens receiving two plasmids in the same site two times had significantly higher (P<0.05) bursal lesion scores and significantly lower (P<0.05) bursa weight/body weight ratios than those that only received P/VP243/E two or three times. Chickens inoculated with two plasmids separately in the thigh muscles of different legs or P/VP243/E two times had 33-50% protection and those receiving two plasmids in the same sites did not have any protection against IBD. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and virus neutralization (VN) titers to IBDV of chickens in the groups with three doses of P/VP243/E were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in groups receiving two doses of P/VP243/E or P/VP243/E and P/cIFN-gamma. Chickens protected by DNA vaccination did not have detectable IBDV antigen in the bursae as determined by immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA). The results indicated that co-administration of plasmid encoding chicken IFN-gamma gene with plasmid encoding a large segment gene of the IBDV did not enhance immune response and protection against challenge by IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kun Hsieh
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2065, USA
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45
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Jiang HR, Hwenda L, Makinen K, Oetke C, Crocker PR, Forrester JV. Sialoadhesin promotes the inflammatory response in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:2258-64. [PMID: 16887986 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.4.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a prominent component of the effector cell compartment in a number of CD4+ T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of the sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin sialoadhesin (Sn, Siglec-1) in a model of interphotoreceptor retinal binding protein peptide-induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in mice with targeted deletion of Sn. Our data show that compared with wild-type mice, experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis is reduced in severity in the initial stages in the Sn knockout (KO) mice. In addition, there is a reduction in the proliferative capacity of T cells from the KO mice draining lymph nodes after immunization with interphotoreceptor retinal binding protein peptides, which is manifest some days before disease onset and persists for the duration of disease. Furthermore, activated T cells from the draining lymph nodes of Sn KO mice secrete lower levels of IFN-gamma. The data suggest a role for Sn in "fine tuning" the immune response to autoantigens by modulating T cell priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Rong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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46
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Yan J, Ling S, Liu H, Zhang H, Song X, Xiu B, Chen K, Wang G, Zhu C. Induction of strong cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to hepatitis C virus with recombinant poly-epitope in BALB/c mice. Viral Immunol 2006; 19:64-73. [PMID: 16553551 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2006.19.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Yan
- Department of Vaccine Engineering, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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47
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Hotta C, Fujimaki H, Yoshinari M, Nakazawa M, Minami M. The delivery of an antigen from the endocytic compartment into the cytosol for cross-presentation is restricted to early immature dendritic cells. Immunology 2006; 117:97-107. [PMID: 16423045 PMCID: PMC1782205 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the only antigen-presenting cell population having a cross-presentation capacity. For cross-presentation, however, the intracellular antigen-processing pathway and its regulatory mechanism have not been defined. Here we report the differences in cross-presentation ability among murine bone marrow-derived immature DC, early immature day8-DC and late immature day10-DC, and fully mature day10 + lipopolysaccharide DC. Day8-DCs and day10-DCs show an immature phenotypic profile but are different in morphology. Day8-DCs can internalize an abundant volume of exogenous soluble ovalbumin (OVA) and result in cross-presentation. In contrast, day10-DCs are not able to cross-present, although they maintain efficient macropinocytosis. Exogenously internalized OVA antigens are stored in the endocytic compartments. The endocytic compartments are temporarily maintained at mildly acidic pH in day8-DCs and are rapidly acidified in day10-DCs after uptake of antigens. We show that OVA antigens accumulated in the endocytic compartments move into the cytosol in day8-DCs but do not in day10-DCs. NH(4)Cl-treatment, which neutralizes the acidic endocytic compartments and/or delays endosomal maturation, restores day10-DCs for transport the stored OVA antigens from the endocytic compartments into the cytosol. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride-treatment, which acidifies the endocytic compartments, decreases an amount of transported OVA antigen into the cytosol in day8-DCs. These data indicate that only the early immature stage of DC interferes with endosomal maturation, even after uptake of exogenous antigens, and then transports the antigens into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Hotta
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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48
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Choi GS, Lee MH, Kim SK, Kim CS, Lee HS, Im MW, Kil HY, Seong DH, Lee JR, Kim WC, Lee MG, Song SU. Combined treatment of an intratumoral injection of dendritic cells and systemic chemotherapy (Paclitaxel) for murine fibrosarcoma. Yonsei Med J 2005; 46:835-42. [PMID: 16385661 PMCID: PMC2810599 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2005.46.6.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel combined treatment of conventional chemotherapy with an intratumoral injection of syngeneic dendritic cells (DCs) has emerged as a potent cancer treatment strategy. In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a chemotherapeutic drug, paclitaxel, and an intratumoral (i.t.) injection of syngeneic bone marrow-derived DCs for the treatment of pre-existing fibrosarcoma. Subcutaneous tumors were established using MCA102 fibrosarcoma cells in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. The results demonstrated that the combined treatment of paclitaxel chemotherapy and the injection of DCs led to complete tumor regression, in contrast to only partial eradication of the tumors with chemotherapy or DCs alone. Furthermore, the tumor-free mice were able to resist a repeat challenge with the same type of tumor. These findings suggest that a combination therapy of systemic chemotherapy along with the intratumoral administration of DCs is a potent treatment strategy for fibrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Seong Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon, Korea
| | - Moon-Hee Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon, Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Kim
- Clinical Research Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon, Korea
| | - Chul-Soo Kim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon, Korea
| | - Hong-Sik Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon, Korea
| | - Moon-Whan Im
- Clinical Research Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon, Korea
| | - Hye-Yun Kil
- Clinical Research Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon, Korea
| | - Do-Hwan Seong
- Clinical Research Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon, Korea
| | - Jong-Rok Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon, Korea
| | - Woo-Chul Kim
- Clinical Research Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon, Korea
| | - Min-Geol Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun U. Song
- Clinical Research Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon, Korea
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49
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Dao T, Gomez-Nunez M, Antczak C, Kappel B, Jaggi JS, Korontsvit T, Zakhaleva V, Scheinberg DA. Natural Killer Cells License Dendritic Cell Cross-Presentation of B Lymphoma Cell–Associated Antigens. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:8763-72. [PMID: 16361564 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Presentation of exogenous antigen by MHC class I molecules, or cross-presentation, is a property of dendritic cells, which is considered crucial for the priming of cytotoxic T-cell response to tumor antigens. However, the precise mechanisms of this process are not fully understood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS We show here in a human in vitro system, using B lymphoma cells as a tumor model, that the cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens to T cells by dendritic cells requires "help" from natural killer cells. When autologous dendritic cells that had taken up apoptotic B lymphoma cells and induced to a fully mature state were used to stimulate nonadherent cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors, they induced strong cytotoxicity against B lymphoma cells in a HLA-A0201-restricted manner. The cells failed to induce cytotoxicity, however, when purified T cells were used as effector cells. Depletion of CD56+ cells, but not CD14+ or CD19+ cells, abrogated the cytotoxicity of nonadherent cells, showing that the help was provided by natural killer cells. Further, when natural killer cells were present in the cultures, a strong and persistent production of interleukin-18, but not interleukin-12 and interleukin-15, was observed. Blocking interleukin-18 significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of nonadherent cells against B lymphoma cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that capture of tumor cells and a full maturation status of dendritic cells are not sufficient to cross-prime CD8 T cells. Effective cross-priming requires further activation of dendritic cells by natural killer cells and an abundant production of interleukin-18, which, along with other yet undefined mechanisms, contribute to the generation of CTL response against B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Han S, Song Y, Lee YH, Lee YR, Lee CK, Cho K, Kim K. Macrophage-colony stimulating factor enhances MHC-restricted presentation of exogenous antigen in dendritic cells. Cytokine 2005; 32:187-93. [PMID: 16303313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 04/20/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that dendritic cells (DCs) can phagocytize, process and present a microencapsulated form of ovalbumin (OVA) in the context of class I MHC as well as class II MHC. In the present study, we examined the effects of recombinant human macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) on the MHC-restricted presentation of microencapsulated OVA by DCs. Two types of DCs were generated from mouse bone marrow (BM) cells, one type with granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alone, the other type with GM-CSF and interleukin (IL)-4. Pretreatment with M-CSF significantly enhanced both class I MHC and class II MHC-restricted presentation of exogenous OVA by both types of DCs. The enhancing activity of M-CSF on antigen presentation was more potent in DCs generated with GM-CSF alone compared to DCs generated with both GM-CSF and IL-4. Pretreatment of the DCs with M-CSF did not increase phagocytic activity or total level of expression of class I MHC (H-2K(b)) molecules, but increased expression of OVA peptide-H-2K(b) complexes upon phagocytosis of microencapsulated OVA. These results demonstrate that M-CSF increases intracellular processing events of phagocytized antigen in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinha Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, South Korea
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