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Sánchez-Reolid R, López de la Rosa F, Sánchez-Reolid D, López MT, Fernández-Caballero A. Machine Learning Techniques for Arousal Classification from Electrodermal Activity: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22228886. [PMID: 36433482 PMCID: PMC9695360 DOI: 10.3390/s22228886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This article introduces a systematic review on arousal classification based on electrodermal activity (EDA) and machine learning (ML). From a first set of 284 articles searched for in six scientific databases, fifty-nine were finally selected according to various criteria established. The systematic review has made it possible to analyse all the steps to which the EDA signals are subjected: acquisition, pre-processing, processing and feature extraction. Finally, all ML techniques applied to the features of these signals for arousal classification have been studied. It has been found that support vector machines and artificial neural networks stand out within the supervised learning methods given their high-performance values. In contrast, it has been shown that unsupervised learning is not present in the detection of arousal through EDA. This systematic review concludes that the use of EDA for the detection of arousal is widely spread, with particularly good results in classification with the ML methods found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sánchez-Reolid
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Neurocognition and Emotion Unit, Instituto de Investigación en Informática, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Sánchez-Reolid
- Neurocognition and Emotion Unit, Instituto de Investigación en Informática, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - María T. López
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Neurocognition and Emotion Unit, Instituto de Investigación en Informática, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Caballero
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Neurocognition and Emotion Unit, Instituto de Investigación en Informática, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Center in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28016 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Romero-Martínez A, Lila M, Moya-Albiol L. Sympathetic Nervous System Predominance in Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators After Coping With Acute Stress. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP10148-NP10169. [PMID: 33435804 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520985494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that intimate partner violence (IPV) against women perpetrators present emotional dysregulations when dealing with acute stress, which in turn could help to explain their proneness to violence. Emotional regulation can be objectively measured by means of psychophysiological parameters/variables/indicators of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, such as cardiorespiratory (heart rate [HR], pre-ejection period [PEP] and respiratory sinus arrythmia [RSA]) and electrodermal (skin conductance levels [SCL]) signals. Therefore, this study aims to assess whether IPV perpetrators (n = 107) present differential psychophysiological and psychological state changes when coping with an acute cognitive laboratory stressor (a set of cognitive tests performed in front of an expert committee) in comparison with nonviolent men (n = 87). Moreover, the study assesses whether psychological state variables foster the psychophysiological response to acute stress. Our results demonstrate that, compared to nonviolent controls, IPV perpetrators showed higher HR and SCL values, shorter PEP, and lower RSA values during recovery from stress. They also presented higher negative affect (i.e., more anger and worse mood) after stress. Thus, high baseline anger explained the increases in emotional arousal when measured as SCL increases. The present study contributes evidence showing that IPV perpetrators and nonviolent men cope differently with stress. These findings might help forensic science to identify characteristics of violent individuals to establish their therapeutic needs. Furthermore, it would be appropriate to combine psychophysiological measurements with self-reports, thus increasing the reliability of the assessment of violent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Lila
- University of Valencia, Spain
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3
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One-dimensional convolutional neural networks for low/high arousal classification from electrodermal activity. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Borghese F, Henckaerts P, Guy F, Perez Mayo C, Delplanque S, Schwartz S, Perogamvros L. Targeted Memory Reactivation During REM Sleep in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:904704. [PMID: 35845468 PMCID: PMC9281560 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.904704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by a significant amount of fear when confronted to social situations. Exposure therapy, which is based on fear extinction, does not often lead to full remission. Here, based on evidence showing that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep promotes the consolidation of extinction memory, we used targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during REM sleep to enhance extinction learning in SAD. METHODS Forty-eight subjects with SAD were randomly assigned to two groups: control or TMR group. All patients had two successive exposure therapy sessions in a virtual reality (VR) environment, where they were asked to give a public talk in front of a virtual jury. At the end of each session, and only in the TMR group (N = 24), a sound was paired to the positive feedback phase of therapy (i.e., approval of their performance), which represented the memory to be strengthened during REM sleep. All participants slept at home with a wearable headband device which automatically identified sleep stages and administered the sound during REM sleep. Participants' anxiety level was assessed using measures of parasympathetic (root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats, RMSSD) and sympathetic (non-specific skin conductance responses, ns-SCRs) activity, and subjective measures (Subjective Units of Distress Scale, SUDS), during the preparation phase of their talks before (T1) and after (T2) one full-night's sleep and after 1 week at home (T3). Participants also filled in a dream diary. RESULTS We observed an effect of time on subjective measures of anxiety (SUDS). We did not find any difference in the anxiety levels of the two groups after 1 week of TMR at home. Importantly, the longer the total duration of REM sleep and the more stimulations the TMR group had at home, the less anxious (increased RMSSD) these participants were. Finally, fear in dreams correlated positively with ns-SCRs and SUDS at T3 in the TMR group. CONCLUSION TMR during REM sleep did not significantly modulate the beneficial effect of therapy on subjective anxiety. Yet, our results support that REM sleep can contribute to extinction processes and substantiate strong links between emotions in dreams and waking stress levels in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Borghese
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Henckaerts
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Guy
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Coral Perez Mayo
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Delplanque
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Human Neuroscience Platform, Fondation Campus Biotech Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lampros Perogamvros
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Human Neuroscience Platform, Fondation Campus Biotech Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Sleep Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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Youth engagement during making: using electrodermal activity data and first-person video to generate evidence-based conjectures. INFORMATION AND LEARNING SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ils-08-2020-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to introduce and explores the use of electrodermal activity (EDA) data as a tool for obtaining data about youth engagement during maker learning activities.
Design/methodology/approach
EDA and survey data were collected from a yearlong afterschool maker program for teens that met weekly and was hosted at a children’s museum. Data from four youth who were simultaneously present for eight weeks were examined to ascertain what experiences and activities were more or less engaging for them, based on psychophysiological measures.
Findings
Most of the focal youth appeared to show higher levels of engagement by survey measures throughout the program. However, when examined by smaller time intervals, certain activities appeared to be more engaging. Planning of maker activities was one space where engagement was higher. Completing sewing projects with minimal social interaction appeared to be less engaging. Specific activities involving common maker technologies yielded mixed levels of engagement.
Originality/value
Some research is emerging that uses EDA data as a basis for generating inferences about various states while participating in maker learning activities. This paper provides a novel analysis building on some techniques established in the still emergent body of prior research in this area.
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Mena-Moreno T, Fernández-Aranda F, Granero R, Munguía L, Steward T, López-González H, del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Lozano-Madrid M, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Giroux I, Grall-Bronnec M, Sauvaget A, Mora-Maltas B, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. A Serious Game to Improve Emotion Regulation in Treatment-Seeking Individuals With Gambling Disorder: A Usability Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:621953. [PMID: 33746839 PMCID: PMC7970032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Serious games have shown positive results in increasing motivation, adherence to treatment and strengthening the therapeutic alliance in multiple psychiatric disorders. In particular, patients with impulse control disorders and other disorders in which the patient suffers from inhibitory control deficits (e.g., behavioral addictions) have been shown to benefit from serious games. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and to evaluate the usability of a new serious videogame, e-Estesia. This serious videogame was designed to improve emotion regulation in patients with gambling disorder (GD). Preliminary results from a pilot sample are also reported. Method: A pilot sample of 26 patients undergoing treatment for GD was recruited (ranging from 22 to 74 years, mean = 41.2 and SD = 12.9; 80.8% men). Participants used e-Estesia on a tablet, which was connected to a thoracic band that sent heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) data to the videogame platform in order to provide biofeedback. The System Usability Scale was completed by patients to determine the usability of e-Estesia. Results and Discussion: e-Estesia performed comparatively well for all the explored groups (i.e., sex, age, and online vs. offline gambling: mean usability score = 83.8, SD = 13.1). Around 84.6% of the patients endorsed that it was easy to use. Female patients with GD presented higher HRV during the use of the serious videogame compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mena-Moreno
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucero Munguía
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hibai López-González
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Lozano-Madrid
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Giroux
- Centre d’Excellence pour la Prévention et le Traitement du Jeu, Faculté de Sciences Sociales, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anne Sauvaget
- CHU Nantes, Movement ‐ Interactions ‐ Performance, MIP, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Salut Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Salut Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Czarnek G, Richter M, Strojny P. Cardiac sympathetic activity during recovery as an indicator of sympathetic activity during task performance. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13724. [PMID: 33205516 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this research were to analyze cardiac sympathetic recovery patterns and evaluate whether sympathetic cardiac responses to a task challenge can be predicted using residual cardiac activity measured directly after the task (that is, during the recovery period). In two studies (total N = 181), we measured cardiac sympathetic activity, quantified as pre-ejection period and RB interval, during both task performance and the 2-min recovery period following the task. Additional analyses examined effects on the RZ interval. We found that sympathetic recovery from a task was rather quick: Cardiovascular recovery occurred within the first 30 s of the recovery period. Nevertheless, residual cardiac activity during the recovery period had predictive power for task-related cardiac activity. This suggests that sympathetic cardiac activity during recovery may serve as a useful indicator of task-related cardiac sympathetic activity. We discuss the implications of these findings for practical applications and the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Czarnek
- Nano Games, Cracow, Poland.,Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael Richter
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paweł Strojny
- Nano Games, Cracow, Poland.,Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Exploring the impact of safety behaviour use on cognitive, psychophysiological, emotional and behavioural responses during a speech task. Behav Cogn Psychother 2020; 48:557-571. [PMID: 32301412 DOI: 10.1017/s135246582000017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a debate among researchers and clinicians regarding whether the judicious use of safety behaviours (SBs) during exposure therapy is helpful or detrimental. Central to this debate is the premise that SBs may interfere with one's ability to gather disconfirmatory evidence. AIMS No study to date has assessed how SB use may impact cognitive mechanisms implicated during an exposure-like task. We investigated multiple cognitive, emotional, psychophysiological and behavioural underpinnings of exposure with and without SBs. METHOD Speech anxious participants (n = 111) were randomly assigned to deliver an evaluated speech with or without SBs. Self-reported anxiety ratings and psychophysiological arousal measures were recorded at baseline, in anticipation of the speech, and following the speech. Measures of working memory, ability to gather disconfirmatory evidence, speech duration, objective and subjective speech performance, and speech task acceptability were administered. RESULTS There were no differences between conditions on working memory, self-reported anxiety, psychophysiological arousal, ability to gather disconfirmatory evidence, speech duration, or objective and subjective speech performance. All participants were able to gather disconfirmatory evidence. However, condition did influence willingness to deliver future speeches. Our sample was largely female undergraduate students, and we offered only a small number of specific safety behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Judicious SB use may not necessarily be detrimental, but clients may believe them to be more helpful than they actually are.
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Lopes THIAGORIBEIRO, OLIVEIRA DIOGOMACHADO, SIMURRO PAULABRANDÃO, AKIBA HENRIQUETERUO, NAKAMURA FÁBIOYUZO, OKANO ALEXANDREHIDEKI, DIAS ÁLVAROMACHADO, SILVA BRUNOMOREIRA. No Sex Difference in Mental Fatigue Effect on High-Level Runners’ Aerobic Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:2207-2216. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Chih YC, Tsai MJ, Stierwalt JAG, LaPointe LL. Assessing Physiological Stress Responses to Word Retrieval in Individuals with Aphasia: A Preliminary Study. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2020; 73:134-145. [PMID: 32160628 DOI: 10.1159/000506335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Word retrieval difficulty can be distressing for individuals with aphasia. However, physiological stress responses to word retrieval are relatively unstudied. This study aims to measure the physiological response (i.e., heart rate and respiratory rate) and perceived stress in individuals with aphasia during a naming task to understand whether word retrieval may be a stressor to them. METHOD An aphasia group (n = 7) and a healthy group (n = 38) participated in 4 experimental conditions, including rest, counting, and high-frequency and low-frequency word conditions, while their physiological parameters were measured throughout the sessions. Stress ratings were also obtained for each condition. RESULTS Significant differences in heart rate were found while participants were engaged in speech and/or language tasks, compared to the rest condition, for both groups. Significant differences in respiratory rate were found between the rest and low-frequency word conditions in the aphasia group. No significant difference was found in heart rate between 2 groups, but a difference in respiratory rate was found between 2 groups in the low-frequency word condition. There were some discrepancies between stress level and physiological parameters. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with aphasia perceived greater stress in the naming tasks, however, the perceived stress was not necessarily parallel to the physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Chih
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, .,Rehabilitation Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, .,Speech and Language Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan,
| | - Meng-Ju Tsai
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Speech and Language Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Julie A G Stierwalt
- Division of Speech Pathology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Leonard L LaPointe
- School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Manley H, Paisarnsrisomsuk N, Roberts R. The effect of narcissistic admiration and rivalry on speaking performance. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Social-evaluative threat: Stress response stages and influences of biological sex and neuroticism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 109:104378. [PMID: 31382169 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Social-evaluative threat (SET) - when the self could be negatively judged by others - can cause pronounced responses in the different stress systems: threat/challenge appraisal, the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) nervous systems, experienced motivation and affect, and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Here, we utilize a four-stage stress response model to shed light on the complex associations between different stress responses, where earlier stages are hypothesized to predict later stages. Additionally, we take into account important moderators, such as biological sex (controlling for menstrual cycle phase), personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion), and baseline stress levels. Thirty-seven men and 30 women in their luteal phase participated in an impromptu public speaking task to induce SET. Stress responses in four different stages were measured using: self-reported appraisal (threat or challenge, stage 1: S1), cardiovascular measures (pre-ejection period as SNS index, respiratory sinus arrhythmia as PNS index, S2), self-reported motivation and affect (state approach motivation, state anxiety, S3) and endocrine measures (cortisol as HPA index, S4). Stress reactivity was calculated by subtracting individual peaks from baseline. Results showed that SET induced pronounced stress reactivity in stages two to four. Against expectations, self-reported appraisal (S1) or motivation and affect (S3) did not predict later stress reactivity. As hypothesized, increased SNS (but not PNS) reactivity (S2) predicted increased HPA reactivity (S4). Bayesian model comparison confirmed the absence of sex differences in stress reactivity, likely due to controlling for menstrual cycle phase and sex differences in neuroticism levels. Higher trait neuroticism predicted blunted SNS (S2) and HPA (S4) reactivity, while higher baseline stress levels predicted blunted stages two and three reactivity overall. In conclusion, this rigorously controlled experiment partly supports and partly contradicts previous findings regarding associations between stress response stages, and offers new insight into the causes of blunted HPA responses in women.
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Lee VR, Fischback L, Cain R. A wearables-based approach to detect and identify momentary engagement in afterschool Makerspace programs. CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Aslanidis T, Grosomanidis V, Karakoulas K, Chatzisotiriou A. Electrodermal Activity Monitoring during Endotracheal Suction in Sedated Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2019; 60:92-101. [PMID: 29668462 DOI: 10.1515/folmed-2017-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotracheal suctioning of respiratory secretions is one of the most common causes of pain and discomfort in Intensive Care Unit environment. The electrical properties of the skin, also known as electrodermal activity (EDA), are considered as an indirect measure of autonomous nervous system. AIM This study explores EDA changes during endotracheal suction in sedated adult critical care patients; and compares these changes to other monitoring parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin conductance variability, selected hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, bispectral index (BIS) and ambient noise level, were monitored during 4 hour routine daytime intensive care nursing and treatment in an adult Intensive Care Unit. 4h-measurements were divided into 2 groups, based upon the sedation level (group A: Ramsay sedation scale 2-4 and group B: 5-6 respectively) of the patients. Selected recordings before and after endotracheal suction (stress events) were performed. Seven stress events from Group A and 17 from Group B were included for further analysis. Patients' demographics, laboratory exams and severity scores were recorded. Pain status evaluation before every event was also performed via 2 independent observers. RESULTS In both groups the rate of EDA changes was greater than in other monitoring parameters. Yet, in group A only selected parameters were significantly changed after the start of the procedure, while in group B, every parameter showed significant change (p<0.05). Groups were similar for other co-founding factors. CONCLUSION EDA measurements are more sensitive to stress stimuli, than cardiovascular, respiratory or even BIS monitoring. Deeper sedation seems to affect more the intensity of EDA changes during suction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Aslanidis
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AHEPA General University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilios Grosomanidis
- Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AHEPA General University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Karakoulas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AHEPA General University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Chatzisotiriou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Le TM, Wang W, Zhornitsky S, Dhingra I, Zhang S, Li CSR. Reward sensitivity and electrodermal responses to actions and outcomes in a go/no-go task. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219147. [PMID: 31344045 PMCID: PMC6657849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin conductance response (SCR) is used in psychophysiological research to measure the reactions of the autonomic nervous system to reward and punishment. While there is consistent evidence that SCR increases to both aversive and appetitive stimuli, it remains unclear whether SCR simply represents a general index of arousal to motivationally significant outcomes or may also differentiate action or inhibition of action that lead to such outcomes. Furthermore, individual differences in trait sensitivity to reward and punishment can influence physiological arousal during approach and avoidance behaviors. Yet, their inter-relationships have not been examined. To address these gaps, we employed a reward go/no-go task with ⅔ go and ⅓ no-go trials and an individually titrated go response window. Correct go and no-go responses were rewarded while incorrect responses were penalized. We examined whether SCR varied with outcome (win vs. loss), action (go vs. no-go), and individual differences in reward sensitivity (SR) and sex. The results showed greater SCRs to loss vs. win, to go vs. no-go success, and to go success in positive correlation with SR. Further, SCR mediated the relationship between SR and go success rate. In sex differences, men exhibited greater SCR which was more predictive of go success rate relative to women. In contrast, SCR was more predictive of no-go success rate in women. Thus, SCR varies according to behavioral contingency, outcome, sex, and reward sensitivity. These findings add to the literature by characterizing the individual and behavioral factors that may influence physiological arousal in response to salient events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang M. Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Isha Dhingra
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Gallant C, Good D. Examining the “reading the mind in the eyes test” as an assessment of subtle differences in affective theory of mind after concussion. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:296-317. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1612946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Gallant
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn Good
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Aslanidis T, Grosomanidis V, Karakoulas K, Chatzisotiriou A. Electrodermal Activity Monitoring During Painful Stimulation in Sedated Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients: a Pilot Study. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2018; 61:47-52. [PMID: 30216182 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2018.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction-Aim: Newer methods, such as infrared digital pupillometry and electrodermal activity (EDA) measurement have been suggested as good alternatives for analgesia monitoring in critically ill patients. This study analyzed EDA changes due to pain stimulus in sedated adult critical care patients Methods: Skin conductance variability, selected hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, Bispectral index (BIS) and ambient noise level, were monitored during 4 hour routine daytime in an adult ICU. 4h-Measurements were divided into 2 groups, based upon the sedation level of the patients: Group A - Ramsay Sedation Score 2-4 and Group B - Ramsay Sedation Score of 5-6. Selected recordings before and after pain stimulus were performed. The stimulus chosen was the pressure applied to nail bed for 10 sec, which was performed routinely during neurological examination. Patients' demographics, laboratory exams and severity scores were recorded. Pain status evaluation before every event was also performed by 2 independent observers via Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) and Adult Non Verbal Pain Score (ANVPS) Results: In both groups the rate of EDA changes was greater than other monitoring parameters: more in Group A than in Group B. Yet, the difference between groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION EDA measurements are greater to pain stimuli, than cardiovascular, respiratory or even BIS monitoring. These encouraging results suggest that, further studies are needed to better define EDA role in ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Aslanidis
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AHEPA General University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Vasilios Grosomanidis
- Anesthesiologist, Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AHEPA General University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Karakoulas
- Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AHEPA General University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Chatzisotiriou
- Neurosurgeon, Laboratory of Physiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Alacreu-Crespo A, Costa R, Abad-Tortosa D, Salvador A, Serrano MÁ. Good decision-making is associated with an adaptive cardiovascular response to social competitive stress. Stress 2018; 21:528-537. [PMID: 29932804 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1483329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition elicits different psychological and cardiovascular responses depending on a person's skills. Decision-making has been considered a distal factor that influences competition, but there are no studies analyzing this relationship. Our objective was to analyze whether decision-making affects the response to competition. Specifically, we aimed to test whether good performers on a decision-making test, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), showed an adaptive cardiovascular response to competition. In all, 116 participants (44 women) performed the IGT and were classified into Good or Poor decision-makers. Subsequently, they were exposed to a stress task in two different conditions: a face-to-face competition (winners/losers) or a control condition, while an electrocardiogram was recorded. In the competition group, good decision-makers increased their high-frequency respect to the total heart rate variability (HF/HRV) levels during the task, compared to Poor decision-makers. Again, competition group good decision-makers, showed lower LF and higher HF/HRV reactivity than the control group, which represents lower HRV stress pattern. Moreover, in the group of losers, good decision-makers had a decline in low frequency (LF) during the task and faster recovery than poor decision-makers. In conclusion, good decision-makers have a more adaptive stress response and higher levels of mental effort, based on total HRV interpretation. Decision-making skills could be a factor in a more adaptive cardiovascular response to competition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Costa
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Cognitive Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Electrodermal Activity during Blood Pooling for Arterial Blood Gases Analysis in Sedated Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6010020. [PMID: 29509711 PMCID: PMC5872177 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrodermal activity (EDA) is considered a measure of autonomous nervous system activity. This study performed an exploratory analysis of the EDA changes during blood pooling for arterial blood gas analysis in sedated adult critical care patients and correlated the variations to other monitored parameters. EDA, along with other parameters, were monitored during 4 h routine daytime intensive care nursing and treatment in an adult ICU. 4 h measurements were divided into two groups based upon the sedation level. Selected recordings before and after blood pooling for arterial blood gases analysis (stress event) was performed. Nine stress events from Group A and 17 from Group B were included for further analysis. Patients’ demographics, laboratory exams, and severity scores were recorded. For both sedation levels, EDA changes are much greater than any other monitoring parameters used. The changes are noticed in both measurement (15 s and 60 s), even though in the 60 s measurement only selected EDA parameters are significantly changed after the start of the procedure. EDA measurements are more sensitive to a given stress event than cardiovascular or respiratory parameters. However, the present results could only be considered as a pilot study. More studies are needed in order to identify the real stress-load and clinical significance of such stimuli, which are considered otherwise painless in those patients.
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Verastegui-Tena L, Schulte-Holierhoek A, van Trijp H, Piqueras-Fiszman B. Beyond expectations: The responses of the autonomic nervous system to visual food cues. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:478-486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Romero-Martínez Á, Moya-Albiol L. Reduced cardiovascular activation following chronic stress in caregivers of people with anorexia nervosa. Stress 2017; 20:390-397. [PMID: 28618917 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2017.1343815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Caring for offspring diagnosed with eating disorders (EDs) puts caregivers under high levels of chronic stress, which have negative consequences for their health. Unfortunately, caregivers have received little attention from mental health professionals. Chronic stress experienced by informal caregivers has been associated with the alteration of body homeostasis, and therefore, the functioning of various physiological systems. This could be the basis of health problems in informal caregivers of people with EDs. The main objective of this study was to analyze physiological response, in terms of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), to an acute laboratory stressor in a sample of informal caregivers of individuals with anorexia nervosa (n = 24) compared to a sample of noncaregivers (n = 26). In addition, the relationship between depressive mood and the aforementioned cardiovascular response parameters was analyzed in the group of caregivers. Caregivers had higher high-frequency (HF) power HRV, and lower HR, low-frequency (LF) power HRV and LF/HF ratio values than noncaregivers, which suggests lower cardiovascular reactivity to the acute stressor than noncaregivers. Moreover, a blunted HR response to stress was associated with high depressive mood scores in caregivers. Hence, it seems that the worse the mood the lower the cardiovascular reactivity to stressful events in this population. Developing and implementing psychotherapeutic interventions focused on stress management would help caregivers to reduce their stress levels and cope more effectively with stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Moya-Albiol
- a Psychobiology Department , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
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22
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Sex differences in autonomic response and situational appraisal of a competitive situation in young adults. Biol Psychol 2017; 126:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abeare CA, Freund S, Kaploun K, McAuley T, Dumitrescu C. The Emotion Word Fluency Test (EWFT): Initial psychometric, validation, and physiological evidence in young adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2016; 39:738-752. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1259396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Freund
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Kristen Kaploun
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Tara McAuley
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Claudiu Dumitrescu
- Department of Psychology Canandaigua Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Canandaigua, NY, USA
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Visnovcova Z, Mestanik M, Gala M, Mestanikova A, Tonhajzerova I. The complexity of electrodermal activity is altered in mental cognitive stressors. Comput Biol Med 2016; 79:123-129. [PMID: 27770676 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate potential changes in the electrodermal activity (EDA) to enable the detection of variations in the sympathetic nervous system during mental load and recovery period. Several EDA parameters were used: SCA (skin conductance amplitude), frequency of NS-EDR (nonspecific electrodermal responses), SIE (symbolic information entropy), and ApEn (approximate entropy). The cohort consisted of 50 healthy students (average age: 23.33±0.24yr., 25 women). The stress profile consisted of five phases: baseline (P1), Stroop test (P2), recovery (P3), mental arithmetic test (P4), and recovery (P5). All phases of the stress profile lasted six minutes. The results indicate that the three EDA indices have sufficient sensitivity to detect changes in the sympathetic nervous system. The SCA, SIE and ApEn were significantly increased during mental loads and decreased during recovery periods. However, SCA remained significantly elevated during recovery periods versus baseline, and SIE and ApEn decreased significantly during recovery versus baseline. The frequency of NS-EDR had no significant changes during stress. The EDA is a sensitive marker for evaluation of changes during the activation of sympathetic nervous system under the influence of a load. Detailed knowledge of EDA regulatory mechanisms associated with stress could provide important information associated with autonomic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Visnovcova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Michal Mestanik
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Physiology JFM CU, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Michal Gala
- Department of Electromagnetic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovak Republic.
| | - Andrea Mestanikova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Physiology JFM CU, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Department of Physiology JFM CU, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic.
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López R, Poy R, Segarra P, Esteller À, Fonfría A, Ribes P, Ventura C, Moltó J. Gender-specific effects of trait anxiety on the cardiac defense response. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Mitchell JC, Ragsdale KA, Bedwell JS, Beidel DC, Cassisi JE. Sex Differences in Affective Expression Among Individuals with Psychometrically Defined Schizotypy: Diagnostic Implications. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2016; 40:173-81. [PMID: 25931249 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-015-9283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation uses facial electromyography (fEMG) to measure patterns of affective expression in individuals with psychometrically defined schizotypy during presentation of neutral and negative visual images. Twenty-eight individuals with elevated schizotypal features and 20 healthy controls observed a series of images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and provided self-report ratings of affective valence and arousal while their physiological responses were recorded. The groups were evenly divided by sex. A three-way interaction in fEMG measurement revealed that while males with psychometrically defined schizotypy demonstrated the expected pattern of blunted/constricted facial affective expression relative to male controls in the context of negative images, females displayed the opposite pattern. That is, females with psychometrically defined schizotypy demonstrated significant elevations in negative facial affective expression relative to female controls while viewing negative images. We argue that these findings corroborate previously reported impressions of sex differences in affective expression in schizotypy. We discuss implications for assessment and diagnostic procedures among individuals with disorders along the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, 4111 Pictor Lane, Orlando, 32816, FL, USA,
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Kneeland ET, Nolen-Hoeksema S, Dovidio JF, Gruber J. Emotion Malleability Beliefs Influence the Spontaneous Regulation of Social Anxiety. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Souza GGL, Mendonça-de-Souza ACF, Duarte AFA, Fischer NL, Souza WF, Coutinho ESF, Figueira I, Volchan E. Blunted cardiac reactivity to psychological stress associated with higher trait anxiety: a study in peacekeepers. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:81. [PMID: 26597843 PMCID: PMC4657323 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both exaggerated and diminished reactivity to stress can be maladaptive. Previous studies have shown that performing increasingly difficult tasks leads first to increased reactivity and then to a blunted response when success is impossible. Our aim was to investigate the influence of trait anxiety on cardiac and cortisol response to and recovery from a standardized psychosocial stress task (Trier Social Stress Task) in a homogeneous sample of healthy peacekeepers. We hypothesized that participants with higher trait anxiety would show blunted reactivity during the performance of an overwhelmingly difficult and stressful task. Participants (N = 50) delivered a speech and performed an arithmetic task in the presence of critical evaluators. Cortisol samples and electrocardiogram data were collected. Participants completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory—Trait version, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist—Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Military Peace Force Stressor Inventory. Results For heart rate, the findings showed that peacekeepers with higher trait anxiety reacted less to the speech task (p = 0.03) and to the arithmetic task (p = 0.008) than those with lower trait anxiety. Trait anxiety did not modulate cortisol responses to the task. Despite the high trait anxiety group having higher PCL-C scores than the low trait anxiety group (p < 0.0001), this did not influence the cardiac results. Conclusions We concluded that individuals with higher trait anxiety had less tachycardia in response to acute psychological stress than those with lower trait anxiety. The present results point to a higher risk for more anxious individuals of a maladaptive reaction to stressful events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nastassja Lopes Fischer
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Ivan Figueira
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Eliane Volchan
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Lower cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress in informal caregivers of people with autism spectrum disorder than in non-caregivers: Implications for health outcomes. Int J Psychophysiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Cardiovascular recovery from psychological and physiological challenge and risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality. Psychosom Med 2015; 77:215-26. [PMID: 25829236 PMCID: PMC4397577 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exaggerated cardiovascular (CV) reactivity to laboratory challenge has been shown to predict future CV morbidity and mortality. CV recovery has been less studied and has yielded inconsistent findings, possibly due to the presence of moderators. Reviews on the relationship between CV recovery and CV outcomes have been limited to cross-sectional studies and have not considered methodological factors. We performed a comprehensive meta-analytic review of the prospective literature investigating CV recovery to physical and psychological challenge and adverse CV outcomes. METHODS We searched PsycINFO and PubMed for prospective studies investigating the relationship between CV recovery and adverse CV outcomes. Studies were coded for variables of interest and for effect sizes. We conducted a random-effects weighted meta-analysis. Moderators were examined with analysis of variance-analog and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 125,386). Impaired recovery from a challenge predicted adverse CV outcomes (summary effect, r = 0.17, p < .001). Physical challenge was associated with larger predictive effects than psychological challenge. Moderator analyses revealed that recovery measured at 1 minute postexercise, passive recovery, use of mortality as an outcome measure, and older sample age were associated with larger effects. CONCLUSIONS Poor recovery from laboratory challenges predicts adverse CV outcomes, with recovery from exercise serving as a particularly strong predictor of CV outcomes. The overall effect size for recovery and CV outcomes is similar to that observed for CV reactivity and suggests that the study of recovery may have incremental value for understanding adverse CV outcomes.
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Dolu N, Acer H, Kara AY. Investigation of Dose-Related Effects of Carnosine on Anxiety with Sympathetic Skin Response and T-maze. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2015; 57:112-8. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2014.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine is a dipeptide formed of the amino acids β-alanine and histidine. Only a limited number of studies have examined the effects of carnosine on sympathetic nerve activation and anxiety. The present study was undertaken to determine the dose-related effects of carnosine on anxiety in the elevated T-maze test (ETM) with electrodermal activity (EDA). Carnosine was injected in three groups of rats with doses of 10 (low dose), 100 (medium dose) and 1000 (high dose) mg/kg i.p. Physiological saline was injected in the sham group. The anxiety scores of the rats were measured with ETM 20 minutes after injection. Then, SCL was measured. The decreased number of entries into the open arm (NEOA), the percentage of time spent in the open arm (% TSOA) and higher EDA [shown by skin conductance level (SCL)] indicate higher anxiety. The NEOA and % TSOA were lower in the high-dose group than in the other groups. SCL was lower in the medium-dose carnosine group than in the high-dose carnosine and sham groups. SCL was higher in the high-dose group than in the medium-dose and sham groups. Our results suggest that high-dose carnosine produced anxiety-like effects as assessed in the SCL and ETM. Medium-dose carnosine acted as an anxiolytic. The anxiety-related responses of carnosine depend on its dose-related effect.
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Cristea IA, Valenza G, Scilingo EP, Szentágotai Tătar A, Gentili C, David D. Autonomic effects of cognitive reappraisal and acceptance in social anxiety: evidence for common and distinct pathways for parasympathetic reactivity. J Anxiety Disord 2014; 28:795-803. [PMID: 25265548 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Few studies investigated the effects of emotion regulation strategies on autonomic parameters in socially anxious individuals. We asked 99 socially anxious participants to give an impromptu speech in front of an audience in a virtual reality environment. In the anticipation phase, they practiced an emotion regulation strategy: negative functional reappraisal, acceptance, negative dysfunctional reappraisal. All strategies led to decreases in parasympathetic activity and increases in heart rate during anticipation. Parasympathetic activity remained low in the recovery phase, while heart rate increased, indicating a possible rebound effect of social performance. Exploratory moderation analysis revealed that for subjects with higher social anxiety, acceptance led to increased parasympathetic activity in the anticipation and recovery phases than negative functional reappraisal. Our results indicate that although globally parasympathetic reactivity seems to be a more general marker of simply attempting to regulate emotions, it could help distinguish between emotion regulation strategies for some participant subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana A Cristea
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Clinical Psychology Branch, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Valenza
- Research Centre Ë. Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Aurora Szentágotai Tătar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudio Gentili
- Clinical Psychology Branch, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniel David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Romero-Martínez A, Nunes-Costa R, Lila M, González-Bono E, Moya-Albiol L. Cardiovascular reactivity to a marital conflict version of the Trier social stress test in intimate partner violence perpetrators. Stress 2014; 17:321-7. [PMID: 24766372 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2014.919448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators have been categorized into two groups based on their heart rate (HR) reactivity to stress following Gottman's studies. Overall, type I perpetrators tend to show autonomic underarousal, whereas type II or reactive perpetrators present a hyper-reactivity in anticipation of stress. In this study, changes in HR, pre-ejection period (PEP), vagal ratio as well as psychological state variables (anxiety and anger) in response to stress were assessed, comparing a group of type II IPV perpetrators (based on violence reports and psychological assessment; n = 17; mean age = 37) with non-violent controls (n = 17; mean age = 35) using modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test. IPV perpetrators had higher HRs and lower vagal ratios than controls, particularly during the recovery period. Moreover, the former presented shorter PEPs than controls. There were no differences between groups in the magnitude of response of the HR, PEP or vagal ratio. High baseline anxiety and anger were associated with an HR increase during the preparation time in IPV perpetrators but not in controls. These findings indicate a different cardiovascular pattern of response to psychosocial stress in IPV perpetrators, especially during recovery. Thus, they contribute to understanding the biological functioning of violence sub-types, supporting the validity of cardiovascular measures as diagnostic indicators for IPV classification.
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Skin conductance rises in preparation and recovery to psychosocial stress and its relationship with impulsivity and testosterone in intimate partner violence perpetrators. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 90:329-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ruiz-Robledillo N, Moya-Albiol L. Lower Electrodermal Activity to Acute Stress in Caregivers of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Adaptive Habituation to Stress. J Autism Dev Disord 2013; 45:576-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Romero-Martínez Á, Lila M, Sariñana-González P, González-Bono E, Moya-Albiol L. High testosterone levels and sensitivity to acute stress in perpetrators of domestic violence with low cognitive flexibility and impairments in their emotional decoding process: a preliminary study. Aggress Behav 2013; 39:355-69. [PMID: 23677518 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hormonal and neuropsychological impairment in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators could play a role in domestic violence. For characterizing whether there is a specific psychobiological response to stress, participants who had previously been jailed for IPV and controls were compared for testosterone and cortisol levels, tested for 2D:4D ratio (as an indicator of masculinization), and given several trait questionnaires and neuropsychological tests related to executive functions and theory of mind. After performing the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), IPV perpetrators experienced decreases in salivary testosterone (T) levels, a moderate worsening of mood, slight anxiety, and a salivary cortisol (C) level increase. Moreover, high basal T was related with high levels of anger and anxiety and worse mood. However, that basal mood does not significantly alter T levels in response to stress. Nonetheless, controls experienced smaller changes in T and larger changes in C and psychological mood. With respect to neuropsychological and cognitive empathic features, IPV perpetrators showed poorer executive performance and emotional recognition than controls. In addition, deficits in both neuropsychological domains were positively associated. Regarding emotional empathy, IPV perpetrators showed higher levels of personal distress than controls. The 2D:4D ratio was lower in IPV perpetrators than in controls. Moreover, only in the former a smaller 2D:4D ratio was related to large increases in T in response to stress and poor emotional recognition. Together with social aspects involved in IPV, differences in psychobiological variables and their relationships could play a relevant role in the onset and perpetuation of violent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisol Lila
- Department of Social Psychology; University of Valencia; Valencia; Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Moya-Albiol
- Psychobiology Department; University of Valencia; Valencia; Spain
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de Andrés-García S, Sariñana-González P, Romero-Martínez A, Moya-Albiol L, Gonzalez-Bono E. Cortisol response to stress in caregivers of offspring with autism spectrum disorder is associated with care recipient characteristics. Stress 2013; 16:510-9. [PMID: 23742094 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2013.798294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing care for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is particularly stressful and frequently associated with disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of the caregiver. This study examined whether the stress response is modulated by factors such as age of the care recipient and number of years spent by the caregiver in providing care for the ASD individual. Caregivers of children (n = 15), adolescents (n = 12), and adults (n = 11) with ASD were exposed to two episodes of acute psychosocial stressor in a 1 day session. Salivary cortisol samples were obtained before, during, and after the stressor episodes. Psychological characteristics (states of anxiety, anger, and mood) were measured before and after the stressor episodes. The characteristics of the ASD individuals (age, degree of autism, global activity, and level of autonomy) were also registered. A difference in stress response was found when caregivers of ASD children were compared with those of ASD adolescents and adults, ε = 0.25, F(2.24,53.65) = 5.82, p < 0.004; ε = 0.23 and F(2.11,48.43) = 4.88, p < 0.01, respectively. Thus, upon acute-stressor exposure, caregivers of ASD individuals presented a stress response that correlated with the age of the patient (the older the patient, the lower the cortisol response). Additional factors, such as number of years spent providing care and level of autonomy of the recipient, also significantly contributed to the stress response. Together, the results demonstrate that recipient characteristics contribute to the detection of high-risk individuals within a caregiver population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara de Andrés-García
- Department of Psychobiology, Psychology Centre, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Moya-Albiol L, De Andrés-García S, Sanchis-Calatayud MV, Sariñana-González P, Ruiz-Robledillo N, Romero-Martínez Á, González-Bono E. Psychophysiological responses to cooperation: The role of outcome and gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 48:542-50. [DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2012.666552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Costa R, Salvador A. Associations between success and failure in a face-to-face competition and psychobiological parameters in young women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:1780-90. [PMID: 22497985 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Within an evolutionary framework, in recent years some questions have been raised about whether women have a pattern of psychobiological response to social stress similar to that described in men. The main objective of this study was to analyze women's patterns of neuroendocrine, cardiovascular and mood responses to an individual competitive task, taking into account the outcome obtained. For this purpose, we measured salivary testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) levels, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), in addition to mood changes, in 40 healthy young women before, during and after a face-to-face laboratory competition. We also assessed some relevant psychological traits. Our results indicate that women who became winners presented greater T and positive mood increases, together with higher cardiovascular (CV) responses, than those who lost and did not show significant changes during the period studied. These results suggest a biological and psychological pattern of response to a laboratory competition differentially associated with outcome. Furthermore, these findings suggest that women who are involved in competitive situations, use both passive and active coping strategies, which can be explained by integrating the existing hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Costa
- Department of Psychology of Health, Area of Psychobiology, University Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n. Edif. Altamira, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
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Rossi V, Pourtois G. Transient state-dependent fluctuations in anxiety measured using STAI, POMS, PANAS or VAS: a comparative review. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2012; 25:603-45. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2011.582948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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De Andrés-García S, Moya-Albiol L, González-Bono E. Salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A: responses to stress as predictors of health complaints reported by caregivers of offspring with autistic spectrum disorder. Horm Behav 2012; 62:464-74. [PMID: 22981424 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the caregiving model of chronic stress, few studies have been conducted with young middle-aged samples and no data exists about acute stress response in this population. To extend knowledge in this issue, health complaints and psychological, endocrine, and immunological responses to stress have been assessed in a cross-sectional sample of 41 parents of offspring with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison with 37 non-caregiver parents. Salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were measured before, during, and after a mental psychosocial stressor, while mood and state anxiety were evaluated before and after the stress. Health complaints, personality traits, socio-economic status, and characteristics of the care recipient were assessed. Caregivers reported more health complaints showing buffered cortisol and IgA responses and greater increases in fatigue to acute stress than the controls. In terms of predictive power of health complaints, IgA levels, care status, and severity of the care recipient are especially relevant for caregivers. Results strongly suggest a dysregulation in the immune and hormonal stress-induced responses in middle-aged caregivers, with immune component and care characteristics as the main modulators of health complaints. A deficit in the adaptive capability of stress response is plausible in this population, emphasizing the need to consider family approaches when planning protocols for assistance to ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Andrés-García
- Department of Psychobiology, Psychology Center, Universitat de València, Avda, Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Laurino M, Menicucci D, Mastorci F, Allegrini P, Piarulli A, Scilingo EP, Bedini R, Pingitore A, Passera M, L'Abbate A, Gemignani A. Mind-body relationships in elite apnea divers during breath holding: a study of autonomic responses to acute hypoxemia. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENGINEERING 2012; 5:4. [PMID: 22461774 PMCID: PMC3309925 DOI: 10.3389/fneng.2012.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mental control of ventilation with all associated phenomena, from relaxation to modulation of emotions, from cardiovascular to metabolic adaptations, constitutes a psychophysiological condition characterizing voluntary breath-holding (BH). BH induces several autonomic responses, involving both autonomic cardiovascular and cutaneous pathways, whose characterization is the main aim of this study. Electrocardiogram and skin conductance (SC) recordings were collected from 14 elite divers during three conditions: free breathing (FB), normoxic phase of BH (NPBH) and hypoxic phase of BH (HPBH). Thus, we compared a set of features describing signal dynamics between the three experimental conditions: from heart rate variability (HRV) features (in time and frequency-domains and by using nonlinear methods) to rate and shape of spontaneous SC responses (SCRs). The main result of the study rises by applying a Factor Analysis to the subset of features significantly changed in the two BH phases. Indeed, the Factor Analysis allowed to uncover the structure of latent factors which modeled the autonomic response: a factor describing the autonomic balance (AB), one the information increase rate (IIR), and a latter the central nervous system driver (CNSD). The BH did not disrupt the FB factorial structure, and only few features moved among factors. Factor Analysis indicates that during BH (1) only the SC described the emotional output, (2) the sympathetic tone on heart did not change, (3) the dynamics of interbeats intervals showed an increase of long-range correlation that anticipates the HPBH, followed by a drop to a random behavior. In conclusion, data show that the autonomic control on heart rate and SC are differentially modulated during BH, which could be related to a more pronounced effect on emotional control induced by the mental training to BH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Laurino
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of PisaPisa, Italy
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Menicucci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research CouncilPisa, Italy
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Allegrini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research CouncilPisa, Italy
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Piarulli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research CouncilPisa, Italy
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Enzo P. Scilingo
- Interdepartment Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Remo Bedini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research CouncilPisa, Italy
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pingitore
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research CouncilPisa, Italy
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Mirko Passera
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research CouncilPisa, Italy
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Antonio L'Abbate
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research CouncilPisa, Italy
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of PisaPisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research CouncilPisa, Italy
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
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Metabolic and cardiovascular adjustments during psychological stress and carotid artery intima-media thickness in youth. Physiol Behav 2012; 105:1140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Koenig A, Novak D, Omlin X, Pulfer M, Perreault E, Zimmerli L, Mihelj M, Riener R. Real-time closed-loop control of cognitive load in neurological patients during robot-assisted gait training. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2011; 19:453-64. [PMID: 21827971 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2011.2160460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cognitively challenging training sessions during robot-assisted gait training after stroke were shown to be key requirements for the success of rehabilitation. Despite a broad variability of cognitive impairments amongst the stroke population, current rehabilitation environments do not adapt to the cognitive capabilities of the patient, as cognitive load cannot be objectively assessed in real-time. We provided healthy subjects and stroke patients with a virtual task during robot-assisted gait training, which allowed modulating cognitive load by adapting the difficulty level of the task. We quantified the cognitive load of stroke patients by using psychophysiological measurements and performance data. In open-loop experiments with healthy subjects and stroke patients, we obtained training data for a linear, adaptive classifier that estimated the current cognitive load of patients in real-time. We verified our classification results via questionnaires and obtained 88% correct classification in healthy subjects and 75% in patients. Using the pre-trained, adaptive classifier, we closed the cognitive control loop around healthy subjects and stroke patients by automatically adapting the difficulty level of the virtual task in real-time such that patients were neither cognitively overloaded nor under-challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koenig
- Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Kil HK, Kim WO, Chung WY, Kim GH, Seo H, Hong JY. Preoperative anxiety and pain sensitivity are independent predictors of propofol and sevoflurane requirements in general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2011; 108:119-25. [PMID: 22084330 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological factors are thought to drive inter-patient variations in anaesthetic and analgesic requirements. This cross-sectional study investigated whether preoperative psychological factors can predict anaesthetic requirements and postoperative pain. METHODS Before total thyroidectomy, 100 consecutive women completed the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ). Target-controlled propofol was administered for induction of anaesthesia, and sevoflurane-oxygen-air was given to maintain equal depths of anaesthesia, as determined by bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. RESULTS Patients with higher anxiety scores (state and trait) required greater amounts of propofol to reach light (BIS=85) and moderate (BIS=75) levels of sedation, but only trait anxiety was significantly associated with propofol requirements in reaching a deep level of sedation (BIS=65). The MAC-hour of sevoflurane was significantly correlated only with PSQ scores. The postoperative pain intensity was significantly correlated with both STAI and PSQ. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative anxiety and pain sensitivity are independent predictors of propofol and sevoflurane requirements in general anaesthesia. Anaesthetic and analgesic doses could be modified based on the patient's preoperative anxiety and pain sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Kil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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46
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Wanic R, Kulik J. Toward an Understanding of Gender Differences in the Impact of Marital Conflict on Health. SEX ROLES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-9968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Doberenz S, Roth WT, Wollburg E, Maslowski NI, Kim S. Methodological considerations in ambulatory skin conductance monitoring. Int J Psychophysiol 2011; 80:87-95. [PMID: 21320551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Little is known how much skin conductance (SC) recordings from the fingers are affected by factors such as electrode site deterioration, ambient temperature (TMP), or physical activity (ACT), or by age, sex, race, or body mass index. We recorded SC, TMP, and ACT in 48 healthy control subjects for a 24-hour period, and calculated SC level (SCL), its standard deviation, the coefficient of SC variation, and frequency and amplitude of non-specific SC fluctuations. One method of assessing electrode site deterioration showed an average decline of 20%, while a second method found no significant change. All SC measures were higher during waking than sleep. Other factors influenced different measures in different ways. Thus, 24-hour SC recording outside the laboratory is feasible, but some measures need to be corrected for the influence of confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Doberenz
- Stanford University School of Medicine & VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Bldg 4, M/C 116F, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Leg massage therapy promotes psychological relaxation and reinforces the first-line host defense in cancer patients. J Anesth 2010; 24:827-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-010-1028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Gramer M, Reitbauer C. The influence of social support on cardiovascular responses during stressor anticipation and active coping. Biol Psychol 2010; 85:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Kim KJ, Park S, Kim KH, Jun TW, Park DH, Kim KB. Salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A responses during golf competition vs. practice in elite male and female junior golfers. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:852-8. [PMID: 20145558 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181c7c394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress and immune responses to a competition in elite male and female junior golfers. Six male (16.2 +/- 1.4 years) and 6 female junior golfers (16.4 +/- 1.1 years) completed salivary collections during competition vs. practice rounds on 2 different days. Salivary samples were collected on 4 occasions (rest, before, during, and after rounds). Salivary cortisol and IgA were measured for stress and immune responses, respectively. Our results were as follows: (a) Salivary cortisol level was higher in competition than practice in male golfers (p = 0.009) but it was similar in female golfers. In male golfers, salivary cortisol level was higher before a round than at rest (p = 0.029), but it was higher after rounds than at rest (p = 0.016) in female golfers. (b) Salivary IgA was elevated during competition than during practice rounds in male golfers (p = 0.019), but not in females (p = 0.152). Salivary IgA was not significantly different among salivary collection times although it tended to be elevated during and after rounds for both male and female golfers. In conclusion, salivary cortisol and IgA were elevated during golf competition compared with practice in male junior golfers, but they were not in female golfers. Furthermore, salivary cortisol was higher before a round than rest in men, but it was higher after a round than rest in women. Both male and female junior golfers, however, showed similar salivary IgA responses during golf. Our results suggest that sex might play a role on stress and immune responses during a game of golf in elite junior golfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Jun Kim
- Division of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Korea
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