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Rojo M, Pérez H, Millán AL, Pautasso MC, Frechtel GD, Cerrone GE. Relationship of Mitochondrial DNA Oxidation and Content with Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk in Obesity Phenotypes. J Obes 2024; 2024:3008093. [PMID: 39297082 PMCID: PMC11410407 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3008093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress can influence mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. Our objective was to evaluate the oxidation level and content of mtDNA and its relationship with metabolic parameters in metabolically healthy obese (MHO) compared to metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) and normal weight (NW) controls. Materials and Methods We studied 94 NW, 95 MHO, and 97 MUO individuals between 18 and 80 years old. Relative mtDNA content and mtDNA oxidation level (8-oxoguanine, 8-OxoG) were determined in peripheral blood leukocytes by the SYBR Green method of real-time PCR. One-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used to compare biochemical, clinical, and anthropometric characteristics, as well as mtDNA content and 8-OxoG. Results A progressive decrease in mtDNA content was observed between NW, MHO, and MUO with significant differences in MUO vs. NW (p: 0.04). An increase in 8-OxoG was observed in MUO patients compared to the other groups (MUO vs. MHO p: 0.01; MUO vs. NW p: 0.04). mtDNA content was directly correlated with HDL-c (p < 0.01) and inversely with waist circumference (p: 0.01) and LDL-c (p: 0.05). mtDNA content decreased, and the oxidation level increased concomitantly with the presence of obesity, the number of MS components, higher coronary risk, and insulin resistance parameters. Conclusion MHO presented a similar mtDNA oxidation level to NW and mtDNA content to the MUO, placing the MHO individuals as having an intermediate phenotype. Changes in mtDNA content and oxidation were correlated to the lipid profile related to obesity and/or MS presence, probably associated with oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailén Rojo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Instituto de Inmunología Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Pérez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Instituto de Inmunología Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Servicio de Nutrición-Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Liliana Millán
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Instituto de Inmunología Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Constanza Pautasso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Instituto de Inmunología Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Daniel Frechtel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Instituto de Inmunología Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Servicio de Nutrición-Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Héctor Alejandro (H.A) Barceló Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gloria Edith Cerrone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Instituto de Inmunología Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Li F, Xiang R, Liu Y, Hu G, Jiang Q, Jia T. Approaches and challenges in identifying, quantifying, and manipulating dynamic mitochondrial genome variations. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111123. [PMID: 38417637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the cellular powerhouses, possess their own unique genetic system, including replication, transcription, and translation. Studying these processes is crucial for comprehending mitochondrial disorders, energy production, and their related diseases. Over the past decades, various approaches have been applied in detecting and quantifying mitochondrial genome variations with also the purpose of manipulation of mitochondria or mitochondrial genome for therapeutics. Understanding the scope and limitations of above strategies is not only fundamental to the understanding of basic biology but also critical for exploring disease-related novel target(s), as well to develop innovative therapies. Here, this review provides an overview of different tools and techniques for accurate mitochondrial genome variations identification, quantification, and discuss novel strategies for the manipulation of mitochondria to develop innovative therapeutic interventions, through combining the insights gained from the study of mitochondrial genetics with ongoing single cell omics combined with advanced single molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Run Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanbo Jiang
- Light, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies (L2n) Laboratory, CNRS EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Tao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, PSL-Research University, 91405 Orsay, France; CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
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3
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Huang C, Chen L, Li J, Ma J, Luo J, Lv Q, Xiao J, Gao P, Chai W, Li X, Zhang M, Hu F, Hu D, Qin P. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e406-e417. [PMID: 37431585 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a key role in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MetS). An increasing number of studies have reported the association between mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and the risk of diabetes mellitus and MetS; however, the associations remain conflicted and a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between mtDNA-CN and diabetes mellitus and MetS is lacking. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association of mtDNA-CN and diabetes mellitus and MetS using a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched up to December 15, 2022. Random-effect models were used to summarize the relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS A total of 19 articles were included in the systematic review and 6 articles (12 studies) in the meta-analysis involving 21 714 patients with diabetes (318 870 participants) and 5031 MetS (15 040 participants). Compared to the highest mtDNA-CN, the summary RR (95% CIs) for the lowest mtDNA-CN were 1.06 (95% CI, 1.01-1.12; I2 = 79.4%; n = 8) for diabetes (prospective study: 1.11 (1.02-1.21); I2 = 22.6%; n = 4; case-control: 1.27 (0.66-2.43); I2 = 81.8%; n = 2; cross-sectional: 1.01 (0.99-1.03); I2 = 74.7%; n = 2), and 1.03 (0.99-1.07; I2 = 70.6%; n = 4) for MetS (prospective: 2.87 (1.51-5.48); I2 = 0; n = 2; cross-sectional: 1.02 (1.01-1.04); I2 = 0; n = 2). CONCLUSION Decreased mtDNA-CN was associated with increased risk of diabetes mellitus and MetS when limited to prospective studies. More longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Huang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Chai
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Qin
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
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Ding Y, Zhang S, Guo Q, Leng J. Mitochondrial Diabetes Is Associated with the ND4 G11696A Mutation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:907. [PMID: 37371486 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common endocrine disorder which remains a large challenge for clinicians. Previous studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an active role in T2DM progression, but a detailed mechanism is still elusive. In the current study, two Han Chinese families with maternally inherited T2DM were evaluated using clinical, genetic, molecular, and biochemical analyses. The mitochondrial genomes were PCR amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic and bioinformatic analyses were used to assess the potential pathogenicity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Interestingly, the matrilineal relatives of these pedigrees exhibited variable severity of T2DM, in particular, the age at onset of T2DM varied from 26 to 65 years, with an average of 49 years. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of ND4 G11696A mutation, which resulted in the substitution of an isoleucine for valine at amino acid (AA) position 312. Indeed, this mutation was present in homoplasmy only in the maternal lineage, not in other members of these families, as well as 200 controls. Furthermore, the m.C5601T in the tRNAAla and novel m.T5813C in the tRNACys, showing high evolutional conservation, may contribute to the phenotypic expression of ND4 G11696A mutation. In addition, biochemical analysis revealed that cells with ND4 G11696A mutation exhibited higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions than the controls. In contrast, the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP, mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), Complex I activity, and NAD+/NADH ratio significantly decreased in cell lines carrying the m.G11696A and tRNA mutations, suggesting that these mutations affected the respiratory chain function and led to mitochondrial dysfunction that was involved in T2DM. Thus, our study broadened the clinical phenotypes of m.G11696A mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shunrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qinxian Guo
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jianhang Leng
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Paolini E, Longo M, Corsini A, Dongiovanni P. The Non-Invasive Assessment of Circulating D-Loop and mt-ccf Levels Opens an Intriguing Spyhole into Novel Approaches for the Tricky Diagnosis of NASH. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032331. [PMID: 36768654 PMCID: PMC9916898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest liver disease worldwide affecting both adults and children. Nowadays, no therapeutic strategies have been approved for NAFLD management, and hepatic biopsy remains the gold standard procedure for its diagnosis. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease whose pathogenesis is affected by environmental and genetic factors, and it covers a spectrum of conditions ranging from simple steatosis up to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several studies underlined the urgent need to develop an NAFLD risk prediction model based on genetics, biochemical indicators, and metabolic disorders. The loss of mitochondrial dynamics represents a typical feature of progressive NAFLD. The imbalance of mitochondrial lifecycle together with the impairment of mitochondrial biomass and function trigger oxidative stress, which in turn damages mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We recently demonstrated that the main genetic predictors of NAFLD led to mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, emerging evidence shows that variations in the displacement loop (D-loop) region impair mtDNA replication, and they have been associated with advanced NAFLD. Finally, lower levels of mitophagy foster the overload of damaged mitochondria, resulting in the release of cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA (mt-ccf) that exacerbates liver injury. Thus, in this review we summarized what is known about D-loop region alterations and mt-ccf content during NAFLD to propose them as novel non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Paolini
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5503-3467; Fax: +39-02-5032-0296
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Shan L, Chen J, Sun Y, Pan Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Advances of Liquid Biopsy for Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation and Its Recurrence After Ablation in Clinical Application. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:351-365. [PMID: 37450131 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia disease with high morbidity in clinical practice and leads to stroke, heart failure, peripheral embolism, and other severe complications. With aging of the society, AF has become one of the biggest public health challenges. Effective treatments including antiarrhythmic drugs, electrical cardioversion, and ablation (with or without catheters) can alleviate the symptoms of AF. Ablation is the most effective method for the treatment of persistent AF, but cannot cure all patients. Recurrence of AF is a realistic and unavoidable problem. For early predicting and warning of AF and its recurrence, liquid biopsy for accurate molecular analysis of biofluids is a new strategy with potential value and easy sampling and can detect genetic and epigenetic polymorphisms, especially microRNAs. In this review, liquid biopsy is constructed as a new powerful way for diagnosing AF and predicting its recurrence, contributing to the treatment of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sheyang County People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapeng Chen
- Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yilin Pan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Wang W, Luo J, Willems van Dijk K, Hägg S, Grassmann F, T Hart LM, van Heemst D, Noordam R. Assessment of the bi-directional relationship between blood mitochondrial DNA copy number and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multivariable-adjusted regression and Mendelian randomisation study. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1676-1686. [PMID: 35867128 PMCID: PMC9477915 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mitochondrial dysfunction, which can be approximated by blood mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus far, however, insights from prospective cohort studies and Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses on this relationship are limited. We assessed the association between blood mtDNA-CN and incident type 2 diabetes using multivariable-adjusted regression analyses, and the associations between blood mtDNA-CN and type 2 diabetes and BMI using bi-directional MR. METHODS Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between blood mtDNA-CN and incident type 2 diabetes in 285,967 unrelated European individuals from UK Biobank free of type 2 diabetes at baseline. Additionally, a cross-sectional analysis was performed to investigate the association between blood mtDNA-CN and BMI. We also assessed the potentially causal relationship between blood mtDNA-CN and type 2 diabetes (N=898,130 from DIAGRAM, N=215,654 from FinnGen) and BMI (N=681,275 from GIANT) using bi-directional two-sample MR. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.87 years, 15,111 participants developed type 2 diabetes. Participants with a higher level of blood mtDNA-CN are at lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (HR 0.90 [95% CI 0.89, 0.92]). After additional adjustment for BMI and other confounders, these results attenuated moderately and remained present. The multivariable-adjusted cross-sectional analyses showed that higher blood mtDNA-CN was associated with lower BMI (-0.12 [95% CI -0.14, -0.10]) kg/m2. In the bi-directional MR analyses, we found no evidence for causal associations between blood mtDNA-CN and type 2 diabetes, and blood mtDNA-CN and BMI in either direction. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results from the present study indicate that the observed association between low blood mtDNA-CN and higher risk of type 2 diabetes is likely not causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jiao Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Leen M T Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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8
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Prevenzano I, Leone A, Longo M, Nicolò A, Cabaro S, Collina F, Panarese I, Botti G, Formisano P, Napoli R, Beguinot F, Miele C, Nigro C. Glyoxalase 1 knockdown induces age-related β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance in mice. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52990. [PMID: 35620868 PMCID: PMC9253754 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight control of glycemia is a major treatment goal for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Clinical studies indicated that factors other than poor glycemic control may be important in fostering T2DM progression. Increased levels of methylglyoxal (MGO) associate with complications development, but its role in the early steps of T2DM pathogenesis has not been defined. Here, we show that MGO accumulation induces an age-dependent impairment of glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice knockdown for glyoxalase 1 (Glo1KD). This metabolic alteration associates with the presence of insular inflammatory infiltration (F4/80-positive staining), the islet expression of senescence markers, and higher levels of cytokines (MCP-1 and TNF-α), part of the senescence-activated secretory profile, in the pancreas from 10-month-old Glo1KD mice, compared with their WT littermates. In vitro exposure of INS832/13 β-cells to MGO confirms its casual role on β-cell dysfunction, which can be reverted by senolytic treatment. These data indicate that MGO is capable to induce early phenotypes typical of T2D progression, paving the way for novel prevention approaches to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Prevenzano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Alessia Leone
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Michele Longo
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Antonella Nicolò
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Serena Cabaro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Francesca Collina
- Pathology UnitIstituto Nazionale Tumori‐IRCCS‐Fondazione G.PascaleNaplesItaly
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Unità di Anatomia PatologicaDipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina PreventivaUniversità degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli"NaplesItaly
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific DirectionIstituto Nazionale Tumori‐IRCCS‐Fondazione G.PascaleNaplesItaly
| | - Pietro Formisano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Raffaele Napoli
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Claudia Miele
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes‐IEOSCNR & Department of Translational Medicine – Federico IIUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
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9
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Alwehaidah MS, AlFadhli S, Al-Kafaji G. Leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number is a potential non-invasive biomarker for psoriasis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270714. [PMID: 35767552 PMCID: PMC9242485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the mitochondria have been linked to psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in thousands of copies per cell and altered mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), a common indicator of mitochondrial function, has been proposed as a biomarker for several diseases including autoimmune diseases. In this case–control study, we investigated whether the mtDNA-CN is related to psoriasis, correlates with the disease duration and severity, and can serve as a disease biomarker. Relative mtDNA-CN as compared with nuclear DNA was measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood buffy coat samples from 56 patients with psoriasis and 44 healthy controls. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the value of mtDNA-CN as a biomarker. We found that the mtDNA-CN was significantly decreased in patients with psoriasis compared to healthy controls (93.6±5.3 vs. 205±71; P = 0.04). Sub-group analyses with stratification of patients based on disease duration under or over 10 years and disease severity indicated that the mtDNA-CN was significantly lower in patients with longer disease duration (74±4.3 in disease duration >10 years vs. 79±8.3 in disease duration <10 years, P = 0.009), and higher disease severity (72±4.3 in moderate-to-severe index vs. 88.3 ± 6 in mild index, P = 0.017). Moreover, the mtDNA-CN was negatively correlated with the disease duration and disease severity (r = -0.36, P = 0.006; r = -0.41, P = 0.003 respectively). The ROC analysis of mtDNA-CN showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.98; P = 0.002) for differentiating patients from healthy controls. Our study suggests that low mtDNA-CN may be an early abnormality in psoriasis and associates with the disease progression. Our study also suggests that mtDNA-CN may be a novel blood-based biomarker for the early detection of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Materah Salem Alwehaidah
- Faculty of Allied Health, Department of Medical Laboratory, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Suad AlFadhli
- Faculty of Allied Health, Department of Medical Laboratory, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait
| | - Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Amorim JA, Coppotelli G, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Ross JM, Sinclair DA. Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:243-258. [PMID: 35145250 PMCID: PMC9059418 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organismal ageing is accompanied by progressive loss of cellular function and systemic deterioration of multiple tissues, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death. Mitochondria have become recognized not merely as being energy suppliers but also as having an essential role in the development of diseases associated with ageing, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that ageing and age-related diseases are tightly related to an energy supply and demand imbalance, which might be alleviated by a variety of interventions, including physical activity and calorie restriction, as well as naturally occurring molecules targeting conserved longevity pathways. Here, we review key historical advances and progress from the past few years in our understanding of the role of mitochondria in ageing and age-related metabolic diseases. We also highlight emerging scientific innovations using mitochondria-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A Amorim
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jaime M Ross
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Agius R, Pace NP, Fava S. Reduced leukocyte mitochondrial copy number in metabolic syndrome and metabolically healthy obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886957. [PMID: 35957819 PMCID: PMC9357898 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the associations between peripheral blood leukocyte mitochondrial copy number, metabolic syndrome, and adiposity-related body composition phenotypes in a high prevalence population. METHODS A single center cross-sectional study was conducted, consisting of 521 middle-aged subjects of Maltese-Caucasian ethnicity. Participants were stratified according to the presence of metabolic syndrome and different metabolic health definitions based on NCEP-ATP III criteria. Relative leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and corrected for leukocyte and platelet count. The associations between mitochondrial copy number and metabolic syndrome components was evaluated and adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS Significant negative correlations between mtDNA copy number and BMI, waist circumference, triglyceride levels, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and hsCRP were observed, along with a positive correlation with HDL-C levels. Mitochondrial copy number was lower in individuals with metabolic syndrome. When compared to metabolically healthy normal weight subjects, a reduction in mtDNA copy number was observed in both the metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese categories. CONCLUSION Our data supports the association between reduced leukocyte mtDNA copy number, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This investigation expands on the spectrum of associations between mtDNA copy number and metabolic phenotypes in different populations and underpins the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development and progression of metabolic syndrome and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Agius
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Nikolai Paul Pace
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- *Correspondence: Nikolai Paul Pace,
| | - Stephen Fava
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in multiple copies in human cells. We evaluated cross-sectional associations of whole blood mtDNA copy number (CN) with several cardiometabolic disease traits in 408,361 participants of multiple ancestries in TOPMed and UK Biobank. Age showed a threshold association with mtDNA CN: among younger participants (<65 years of age), each additional 10 years of age was associated with 0.03 standard deviation (s.d.) higher level of mtDNA CN (P = 0.0014) versus a 0.14 s.d. lower level of mtDNA CN (P = 1.82 × 10-13) among older participants (≥65 years). At lower mtDNA CN levels, we found age-independent associations with increased odds of obesity (P = 5.6 × 10-238), hypertension (P = 2.8 × 10-50), diabetes (P = 3.6 × 10-7), and hyperlipidemia (P = 6.3 × 10-5). The observed decline in mtDNA CN after 65 years of age may be a key to understanding age-related diseases.
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13
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Emerging methods for and novel insights gained by absolute quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number and its clinical applications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107995. [PMID: 34592204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past thirty years have seen a surge in interest in pathophysiological roles of mitochondria, and the accurate quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mCN) in cells and tissue samples is a fundamental aspect of assessing changes in mitochondrial health and biogenesis. Quantification of mCN between studies is surprisingly variable due to a combination of physiological variability and diverse protocols being used to measure this endpoint. The advent of novel methods to quantify nucleic acids like digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and high throughput sequencing offer the ability to measure absolute values of mCN. We conducted an in-depth survey of articles published between 1969 -- 2020 to create an overview of mCN values, to assess consensus values of tissue-specific mCN, and to evaluate consistency between methods of assessing mCN. We identify best practices for methods used to assess mCN, and we address the impact of using specific loci on the mitochondrial genome to determine mCN. Current data suggest that clinical measurement of mCN can provide diagnostic and prognostic value in a range of diseases and health conditions, with emphasis on cancer and cardiovascular disease, and the advent of means to measure absolute mCN should improve future clinical applications of mCN measurements.
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Alikhani M, Touati E, Karimipoor M, Vosough M, Mohammadi M. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Variations in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers: Potential Players. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:770-781. [PMID: 34486088 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00707-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of mitochondria have been linked to several cancers. Also, the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is altered in various cancers, including gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancers, and several research groups have investigated its potential as a cancer biomarker. However, the exact causes of mtDNA-CN variations are not yet revealed. This review discussed the conceivable players in this scheme, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), mtDNA genetic variations, DNA methylation, telomere length, autophagy, immune system activation, aging, and infections, and discussed their possible impact in the initiation and progression of cancer. By further exploring such mechanisms, mtDNA-CN variations may be effectively utilized as cancer biomarkers and provide grounds for developing novel cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alikhani
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eliette Touati
- Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology, CNRS UMR2001, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux cedex 15, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Saha SK, Saba AA, Hasib M, Rimon RA, Hasan I, Alam MS, Mahmud I, Nabi AN. Evaluation of D-loop hypervariable region I variations, haplogroups and copy number of mitochondrial DNA in Bangladeshi population with type 2 diabetes. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07573. [PMID: 34377852 PMCID: PMC8327661 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The profound impact of mitochondrion in cellular metabolism has been well documented. Since type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction is intricately linked with the disease pathogenesis. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants are involved with functional dysfunction of mitochondrion and play a pivotal role in the susceptibility to T2D. In this study, we opted to find the association of mtDNA variants within the D-loop hypervariable region I (HVI), haplogroups and mtDNA copy number with T2D in Bangladeshi population. A total of 300 unrelated Bangladeshi individuals (150 healthy and 150 patients with T2D) were recruited in the present study, their HVI regions were amplified and sequenced using Sanger chemistry. Haplogrep2 and Phylotree17 tools were employed to determine the haplogroups. MtDNA copy number was measured using primers of mitochondrial tRNALeu (UUR) gene and nuclear β2-microglobulin gene. Variants G16048A (OR:0.12, p = 0.04) and G16129A (OR: 0.42, p = 0.007) were found to confer protective role against T2D according to logistic regression analysis. However along with G16129A, two new variants C16294T and T16325C demonstrated protective role against T2D when age and gender were adjusted. Haplogroups A and H showed significant association with the risk of T2D after adjustments out of total 19 major haplogroups identified. The mtDNA copy numbers were stratified into 4 groups according to the quartiles (groups with lower, medium, upper and higher mtDNA copy numbers were respectively designated as LCN, MCN, UCN and HCN). Patients with T2D had significantly lower mtDNA copy number compared to their healthy counterparts in HCN group. Moreover, six mtDNA variants were significantly associated with mtDNA copy number in the participants. Thus, our study confers that certain haplogroups and novel variants of mtDNA are significantly associated with T2D while decreased mtDNA copy number (though not significant) has been observed in patients with T2D. However, largescale studies are warranted to establish association of novel variants and haplogroup with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajoy Kanti Saha
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Saba
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Hasib
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Razoan Al Rimon
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Imrul Hasan
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohrab Alam
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Shahbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiaq Mahmud
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - A.H.M. Nurun Nabi
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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16
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Ganel L, Chen L, Christ R, Vangipurapu J, Young E, Das I, Kanchi K, Larson D, Regier A, Abel H, Kang CJ, Scott A, Havulinna A, Chiang CWK, Service S, Freimer N, Palotie A, Ripatti S, Kuusisto J, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Locke A, Stitziel NO, Hall IM. Mitochondrial genome copy number measured by DNA sequencing in human blood is strongly associated with metabolic traits via cell-type composition differences. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:34. [PMID: 34099068 PMCID: PMC8185936 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial genome copy number (MT-CN) varies among humans and across tissues and is highly heritable, but its causes and consequences are not well understood. When measured by bulk DNA sequencing in blood, MT-CN may reflect a combination of the number of mitochondria per cell and cell-type composition. Here, we studied MT-CN variation in blood-derived DNA from 19184 Finnish individuals using a combination of genome (N = 4163) and exome sequencing (N = 19034) data as well as imputed genotypes (N = 17718). RESULTS We identified two loci significantly associated with MT-CN variation: a common variant at the MYB-HBS1L locus (P = 1.6 × 10-8), which has previously been associated with numerous hematological parameters; and a burden of rare variants in the TMBIM1 gene (P = 3.0 × 10-8), which has been reported to protect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We also found that MT-CN is strongly associated with insulin levels (P = 2.0 × 10-21) and other metabolic syndrome (metS)-related traits. Using a Mendelian randomization framework, we show evidence that MT-CN measured in blood is causally related to insulin levels. We then applied an MT-CN polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from Finnish data to the UK Biobank, where the association between the PRS and metS traits was replicated. Adjusting for cell counts largely eliminated these signals, suggesting that MT-CN affects metS via cell-type composition. CONCLUSION These results suggest that measurements of MT-CN in blood-derived DNA partially reflect differences in cell-type composition and that these differences are causally linked to insulin and related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Ganel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Christ
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jagadish Vangipurapu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erica Young
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Indraniel Das
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krishna Kanchi
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Larson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Allison Regier
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haley Abel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chul Joo Kang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandra Scott
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aki Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charleston W K Chiang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Service
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nelson Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Adam Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Ira M Hall
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes in women: A population-based follow-up study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4608. [PMID: 33633270 PMCID: PMC7907271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor of the aging process and may play a key role in various diseases. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is an indirect measure of mitochondrial dysfunction and is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, whether mtDNA-CN can predict the risk of developing T2DM is not well-known. We quantified absolute mtDNA-CN in both prevalent and incident T2DM by well-optimized droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method in a population-based follow-up study of middle aged (50-59 years) Swedish women (n = 2387). The median follow-up period was 17 years. Compared to those who were free of T2DM, mtDNA-CN was significantly lower in both prevalent T2DM and in women who developed T2DM during the follow-up period. Mitochondrial DNA-copy number was also associated with glucose intolerance, systolic blood pressure, smoking status and education. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, lower baseline mtDNA-CN was prospectively associated with a higher risk of T2DM, independent of age, BMI, education, smoking status and physical activity. Moreover, interaction term analysis showed that smoking increased the effect of low mtDNA-CN at baseline on the risk of incident T2DM. Mitochondrial DNA-copy number may be a risk factor of T2DM in women. The clinical usefulness of mtDNA-CN to predict the future risk of T2DM warrants further investigation.
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Oxidative Stress and Low-Grade Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Controversies and New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041667. [PMID: 33562271 PMCID: PMC7915804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is quite complex and different mechanisms could contribute to hyperandrogenism and anovulation, which are the main features of the syndrome. Obesity and insulin-resistance are claimed as the principal factors contributing to the clinical presentation; in normal weight PCOS either, increased visceral adipose tissue has been described. However, their role is still debated, as debated are the biochemical markers linked to obesity per se. Oxidative stress (OS) and low-grade inflammation (LGI) have recently been a matter of researcher attention; they can influence each other in a reciprocal vicious cycle. In this review, we summarize the main mechanism of radical generation and the link with LGI. Furthermore, we discuss papers in favor or against the role of obesity as the first pathogenetic factor, and show how OS itself, on the contrary, can induce obesity and insulin resistance; in particular, the role of GH-IGF-1 axis is highlighted. Finally, the possible consequences on vitamin D synthesis and activation on the immune system are briefly discussed. This review intends to underline the key role of oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in the physiopathology of PCOS, they can cause or worsen obesity, insulin-resistance, vitamin D deficiency, and immune dyscrasia, suggesting an inverse interaction to what is usually considered.
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Cocco MP, White E, Xiao S, Hu D, Mak A, Sleiman P, Yang M, Bobbitt KR, Gui H, Levin AM, Hochstadt S, Whitehouse K, Rynkowski D, Barczak AJ, Abecasis G, Blackwell TW, Kang HM, Nickerson DA, Germer S, Ding J, Lanfear DE, Gilliland F, Gauderman WJ, Kumar R, Erle DJ, Martinez F, Hakonarson H, Burchard EG, Williams LK. Asthma and its relationship to mitochondrial copy number: Results from the Asthma Translational Genomics Collaborative (ATGC) of the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242364. [PMID: 33237978 PMCID: PMC7688161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria support critical cellular functions, such as energy production through oxidative phosphorylation, regulation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis. Objective Given the heightened level of cellular activity in patients with asthma, we sought to determine whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number measured in peripheral blood differed between individuals with and without asthma. Methods Whole genome sequence data was generated as part of the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program on participants from the Study of Asthma Phenotypes and Pharmacogenomic Interactions by Race-ethnicity (SAPPHIRE) and the Study of African Americans, Asthma, Genes, & Environment II (SAGE II). We restricted our analysis to individuals who self-identified as African American (3,651 asthma cases and 1,344 controls). Mitochondrial copy number was estimated using the sequencing read depth ratio for the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Respiratory complex expression was assessed using RNA-sequencing. Results Average mitochondrial copy number was significantly higher among individuals with asthma when compared with controls (SAPPHIRE: 218.60 vs. 200.47, P<0.001; SAGE II: 235.99 vs. 223.07, P<0.001). Asthma status was significantly associated with mitochondrial copy number after accounting for potential explanatory variables, such as participant age, sex, leukocyte counts, and mitochondrial haplogroup. Despite the consistent relationship between asthma status and mitochondrial copy number, the latter was not associated with time-to-exacerbation or patient-reported asthma control. Mitochondrial respiratory complex gene expression was disproportionately lower in individuals with asthma when compared with individuals without asthma and other protein-encoding genes. Conclusions We observed a robust association between asthma and higher mitochondrial copy number. Asthma having an effect on mitochondria function was also supported by lower respiratory complex gene expression in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell P. Cocco
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Evan White
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shujie Xiao
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Angel Mak
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mao Yang
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Bobbitt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Albert M. Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Samantha Hochstadt
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kyle Whitehouse
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dean Rynkowski
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrea J. Barczak
- Lung Biology Center and UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Blackwell
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Northwest Genomics Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Soren Germer
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jun Ding
- Human Statistical Genetics Unit, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David E. Lanfear
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - W. James Gauderman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David J. Erle
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Lung Biology Center and UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Fernando Martinez
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Esteban G. Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - L. Keoki Williams
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Alam MR, Kim DK. Alterations in telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in human lymphocytes on short-term exposure to moderate hypoxia. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1443-1447. [PMID: 33163366 PMCID: PMC7600389 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to moderate hypoxia for 24 h significantly increased telomere length. Telomere elongation is related to the duration of hypoxia exposure. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was unaffected by hypoxia exposure. Mitochondrial DNA copy number is a more stable marker than telomere length alteration under hypoxia.
Hypoxia is related to a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases and various cancers. Telomere length (TL) may vary according to the hypoxia level and cell types. To the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the effect of moderate hypoxia on TL and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in human lymphocytes. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the effect of moderate hypoxia on TL in correlation with mtDNAcn. This study included 32 healthy male nonsmoker’s subjects; in this cohort, we had previously studied sister chromatid exchange and microsatellite instability. Blood samples from each subject were divided into three groups: a control group and two experimental groups exposed to moderate hypoxia for 12 or 24 h. Relative TL and mtDNAcn were measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The TL in the control group did not significantly differ from that in the experimental group subjected to hypoxia for 12 h; however, the TL in the 24 h hypoxia–treated experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The correlation between TL and mtDNAcn was not statistically significant in the two hypoxic states. The increase in TL was observed on exposure to hypoxia for 24 h and not for 12 h; thus, the findings suggest that telomere elongation is related to hypoxia exposure duration. The mtDNAcn in the two experimental groups did not significantly differ from that in the control group. These observations suggest that mtDNAcn alterations show more genetic stability than TL alterations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vitro study on human lymphocytes reporting an increase in TL and no alteration in mtDNAcn after short-time exposure to moderate hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rizwan Alam
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kwang Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Hanvit Institute for Medical Genetics, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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21
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Seo M, Kim H, Noh H, Jeon JS, Byun DW, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Suh K, Park HK, Kwon SH. Effect of bariatric surgery on circulating and urinary mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in obesity with or without diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001372. [PMID: 33020132 PMCID: PMC7536782 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have suggested that extracellular circulating and urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the changes to cell-free serum and urinary mtDNA after bariatric surgery in patients with obesity with T2DM have not been investigated to date. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We prospectively recruited patients with obesity (n=18), and with obesity and T2DM (n=14) who underwent bariatric surgery, along with healthy volunteers (HV) as a control group (n=22). Serum and urinary mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit-1 (mtND-1) and cytochrome-c oxidase 3 (mtCOX-3) copy numbers were measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). The mtDNA copy numbers of patients with obesity (with and without T2DM) were followed up 6 months after surgery. RESULTS The copy numbers of urinary mtND-1 and mtCOX-3 in patients with obesity, with or without T2DM, were higher than those in the HVs. Moreover, urinary mtCOX-3 copy number increased in patients with obesity with T2DM compared with patients with obesity without T2DM (p=0.018). Meanwhile, serum mtCOX-3 copy numbers in HV were higher in both obesity patient groups (p=0.040). Bariatric surgery reduced urinary mtND-1 and mtCOX-3 copy numbers, as well as serum mtCOX-3 copy numbers only in patients with obesity with T2DM. CONCLUSION These results suggest that T2DM induces greater kidney mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with obesity, which can be effectively restored with bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihae Seo
- Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Gumi, Gyeongsangbuk-do, The Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungnae Kim
- Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
- Hyaonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Noh
- Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
- Hyaonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Jeon
- Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
- Hyaonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Byun
- Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoil Suh
- Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Kyu Park
- Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyo Kwon
- Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
- Hyaonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
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22
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Zhao D, Bartz TM, Sotoodehnia N, Post WS, Heckbert SR, Alonso A, Longchamps RJ, Castellani CA, Hong YS, Rotter JI, Lin HJ, O'Rourke B, Pankratz N, Lane JA, Yang SY, Guallar E, Arking DE. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and incident atrial fibrillation. BMC Med 2020; 18:246. [PMID: 32933497 PMCID: PMC7493408 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanistic studies suggest that mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) dysfunction may be associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). The association between mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and incident AF in the general population, however, remains unknown. METHODS We conducted prospective analyses of 19,709 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC), the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). mtDNA-CN from the peripheral blood was calculated from probe intensities on the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) Array 6.0 in ARIC and MESA and from multiplexed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in CHS. Incident AF cases were identified through electrocardiograms, review of hospital discharge codes, Medicare claims, and death certificates. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 21.4 years in ARIC, 12.9 years in MESA, and 11.0 years in CHS, during which 4021 participants developed incident atrial fibrillation (1761 in ARIC, 790 in MESA, and 1470 in CHS). In fully adjusted models, participants with the lowest quintile of mitochondria DNA copy number had an overall 13% increased risk (95% CI 1 to 27%) of incident atrial fibrillation compared to those with the highest quintile. Dose-response spline analysis also showed an inverse association between mitochondria DNA copy number and hazard for atrial fibrillation for all three cohorts. These associations were consistent across subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria DNA copy number was inversely associated with the risk of AF independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. These findings implicate mitochondria DNA copy number as a novel risk factor for atrial fibrillation. Further research is warranted to understand the underlying mechanisms and to evaluate the role of mitochondria DNA copy number in the management of atrial fibrillation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument Street, Room 2-645, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wendy S Post
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument Street, Room 2-645, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan J Longchamps
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building, Room 459, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Christina A Castellani
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building, Room 459, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yun Soo Hong
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument Street, Room 2-645, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Henry J Lin
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - John A Lane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Stephanie Y Yang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building, Room 459, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument Street, Room 2-645, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building, Room 459, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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23
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DeBarmore B, Longchamps RJ, Zhang Y, Kalyani RR, Guallar E, Arking DE, Selvin E, Young JH. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001204. [PMID: 32801120 PMCID: PMC7430458 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is a measure of mitochondrial dysfunction and is associated with diabetes in experimental models. To explore the temporality of mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes, we estimated the prevalent and incident association of mtDNA-CN and diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We assessed the associations of mtDNA-CN measured from buffy coat with prevalent and incident diabetes, stratified by race, in 8954 white and 2444 black participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, an observational cohort study. Follow-up for incident analyses was complete through visit 6, 2016. RESULTS Mean age at mtDNA-CN measurement was 57 years and 59% were female. Prevalence of diabetes at time of mtDNA-CN measurement was higher in blacks (563/2444, 23%) than whites (855/8954, 10%). The fully adjusted odds of prevalent diabetes for the 10th vs 90th percentile of mtDNA-CN was 1.05 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.49) among black and 1.49 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.85) among white participants. Over a median follow-up time of 19 years (Q1, Q3: 11, 24 years), we observed 617 incident diabetes cases among 1744 black and 2121 cases among 7713 white participants free of diabetes at baseline. The fully adjusted hazard of incident diabetes for the 10th vs 90th percentile of mtDNA-CN was 1.07 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.38) among black and 0.97 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.10) among white participants. CONCLUSIONS Lower mtDNA-CN in buffy coat was associated with prevalent diabetes in white but not black ARIC participants. Lower mtDNA-CN was not associated with incident diabetes over 20 years of follow-up in whites or blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey DeBarmore
- Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan J Longchamps
- Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Epidemiology, JHSPH Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Epidemiology, JHSPH Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan E Arking
- Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Epidemiology, JHSPH Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Hunter Young
- Epidemiology, JHSPH Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Hsieh AY, Kimmel E, Pick N, Sauvé L, Brophy J, Kakkar F, Bitnun A, Murray MC, Côté HC. Inverse relationship between leukocyte telomere length attrition and blood mitochondrial DNA content loss over time. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15196-15221. [PMID: 32703912 PMCID: PMC7467389 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and whole blood mitochondrial DNA (WB mtDNA) content are aging markers impacted by chronic diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We characterized the relationship between these two markers in 312 women ≥12 years of age living with HIV and 300 HIV-negative controls. We found no relationship between the two markers cross-sectionally. In multivariable models, age, ethnicity, HIV, and tobacco smoking were independently associated with shorter LTL, and the former three with lower WB mtDNA. Longitudinally, among a subgroup of 228 HIV participants and 68 HIV-negative controls with ≥2 biospecimens ≥1 year apart, an inverted pattern was observed between the rates of change in LTL and WB mtDNA content per year, whereby faster decline of one was associated with the preservation of the other. Furthermore, if HIV viral control was not maintained between visits, increased rates of both LTL attrition and WB mtDNA loss were observed. We describe a novel relationship between two established aging markers, whereby rates of change in LTL and WB mtDNA are inversely related. Our findings highlight the importance of maintaining HIV viral control, the complementary longitudinal relationship between the two markers, and the need to consider both in aging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Y.Y. Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elana Kimmel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neora Pick
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver V6H 3N1, British Columbia, Canada
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver V6H 2N9, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura Sauvé
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver V6H 3N1, British Columbia, Canada
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver V6H 2N9, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 0B3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason Brophy
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8L1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatima Kakkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universtaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ari Bitnun
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie C.M. Murray
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver V6H 3N1, British Columbia, Canada
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver V6H 2N9, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hélène C.F. Côté
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver V6H 2N9, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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Mengel-From J, Svane AM, Pertoldi C, Nygaard Kristensen T, Loeschcke V, Skytthe A, Christensen K, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, Hjelmborg J, Christiansen L. Advanced Parental Age at Conception and Sex Affects Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Human and Fruit Flies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1853-1860. [PMID: 30874797 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial trait caused by early as well as late-life circumstances. A society trend that parents deliberately delay having children is of concern to health professionals, for example as advanced parental age at conception increases disease risk profiles in offspring. We here aim to study if advanced parental age at conception affects mitochondrial DNA content, a cross-species biomarker of general health, in adult human twin offspring and in a model organism. We find no deteriorated mitochondrial DNA content at advanced parental age at conception, but human mitochondrial DNA content was higher in females than males, and the difference was twofold higher at advanced maternal age at conception. Similar parental age effects and sex-specific differences in mitochondrial DNA content were found in Drosophila melanogaster. In addition, parental longevity in humans associates with both mitochondrial DNA content and parental age at conception; thus, we carefully propose that a poorer disease risk profile from advanced parental age at conception might be surpassed by superior effects of parental successful late-life reproduction that associate with parental longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital
| | - Anne Marie Svane
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University.,Aalborg Zoo, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University.,Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Axel Skytthe
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital
| | - Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital
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26
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Cell-Free Circulating Mitochondrial DNA: A Potential Blood-Based Marker for Atrial Fibrillation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051159. [PMID: 32397106 PMCID: PMC7290331 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common, progressive tachyarrhythmia is associated with serious complications, such as stroke and heart failure. Early recognition of AF, essential to prevent disease progression and therapy failure, is hampered by the lack of accurate diagnostic serum biomarkers to identify the AF stage. As we previously showed mitochondrial dysfunction to drive experimental and human AF, we evaluated whether cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA (cfc-mtDNA) represents a potential serum marker. Therefore, the levels of two mtDNA genes, COX3 and ND1, were measured in 84 control patients (C), 59 patients undergoing cardiac surgery without a history of AF (SR), 100 paroxysmal (PAF), 116 persistent (PeAF), and 20 longstanding-persistent (LS-PeAF) AF patients undergoing either cardiac surgery or AF treatment (electrical cardioversion or pulmonary vein isolation). Cfc-mtDNA levels were significantly increased in PAF patients undergoing AF treatment, especially in males and patients with AF recurrence after AF treatment. In PeAF and LS-PeAF, cfc-mtDNA levels gradually decreased. Importantly, cfc-mtDNA in serum may originate from cardiomyocytes, as in vitro tachypaced cardiomyocytes release mtDNA in the medium. The findings suggest that cfc-mtDNA is associated with AF stage, especially in males, and with patients at risk for AF recurrence after treatment.
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27
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Gyllenhammer LE, Entringer S, Buss C, Wadhwa PD. Developmental programming of mitochondrial biology: a conceptual framework and review. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192713. [PMID: 32345161 PMCID: PMC7282904 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of developmental programming of health and disease has focused primarily on processes that are specific to cell types, organs and phenotypes of interest. However, the observation that exposure to suboptimal or adverse developmental conditions concomitantly influences a broad range of phenotypes suggests that these exposures may additionally exert effects through cellular mechanisms that are common, or shared, across these different cell and tissue types. It is in this context that we focus on cellular bioenergetics and propose that mitochondria, bioenergetic and signalling organelles, may represent a key cellular target underlying developmental programming. In this review, we discuss empirical findings in animals and humans that suggest that key structural and functional features of mitochondrial biology exhibit developmental plasticity, and are influenced by the same physiological pathways that are implicated in susceptibility for complex, common age-related disorders, and that these targets of mitochondrial developmental programming exhibit long-term temporal stability. We conclude by articulating current knowledge gaps and propose future research directions to bridge these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Gyllenhammer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Latini A, Borgiani P, De Benedittis G, D'Amato C, Greco C, Lauro D, Novelli G, Spallone V, Ciccacci C. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Peripheral Blood Is Reduced in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Polyneuropathy and Associated with a MIR499A Gene Polymorphism. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1467-1472. [PMID: 32311290 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate in a cohort of 125 Italian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), who underwent neurological evaluation, the possible differences in the number of mitochondrial DNA copies (mtDNA) comparing positive and negative patients for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) or diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and comparing them with healthy controls. We also investigated a possible correlation of the number of mtDNA copies with the polymorphism rs3746444 of the MIR499A. T2D patients show a decrease in the number of mtDNA copies compared to healthy controls (p = 2 × 10-10). Dividing the T2D subjects by neurological evaluation, we found a significant mtDNA decrease in patients with DPN compared with those without (p = 0.02), while no differences were observed between subjects with and without CAN. Furthermore, the homozygous variant genotype for the polymorphism rs3746444 of MIR499A correlates with a decrease in the number of mtDNA copies, particularly in T2D patients (p = 0.009). Our data show a decrease in the number of mtDNA copies in subjects with T2D and suggest that this decrease is more evident in patients who develop DPN. Furthermore, the association of the variant allele of MIR499A with the number of mtDNA copies allows us to hypothesize a possible effect of this polymorphism in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Latini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada De Benedittis
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia D'Amato
- Department of Systems Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Greco
- Department of Systems Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Vincenza Spallone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ciccacci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
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29
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Czarny P, Wigner P, Strycharz J, Swiderska E, Synowiec E, Szatkowska M, Sliwinska A, Talarowska M, Szemraj J, Su KP, Maes M, Sliwinski T, Galecki P. Mitochondrial DNA copy number, damage, repair and degradation in depressive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:91-101. [PMID: 31081430 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1588993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to explore mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, damage, repair and degradation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with depression and to compare the results with healthy subjects.Methods: Total genomic DNA was isolated from PBMCs of 25 depressed and 60 healthy subjects before, immediately after, and 3 h after the exposure to H2O2. Evaluation of mtDNA copy number was performed using real-time PCR and 2-ΔCt methods. Semi-long run real-time PCR was used to estimate the number of mtDNA lesions.Results: Baseline mtDNA copy number did not differ in cells of healthy and depressed subjects; however, it was negatively correlated with the severity of the episode. After a 10-min challenge with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), depressed patients' PBMCs exhibited slower changes of the copy number, indicating a lower efficiency of mtDNA degradation compared to controls. Moreover, a significantly higher number of mtDNA lesions was found in depressed patients at the baseline as well as at other experimental time points. mtDNA lesions were also elevated in depressed patient cells immediately after H2O2 exposure. Induction of oxidative stress had no significant influence on the cells of controls.Conclusions: We are the first to show that impairment in repair and degradation of mtDNA may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wigner
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Swiderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szatkowska
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sliwinska
- Department of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Talarowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Maes
- School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Health Sciences Graduate Program Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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30
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Longchamps RJ, Castellani CA, Yang SY, Newcomb CE, Sumpter JA, Lane J, Grove ML, Guallar E, Pankratz N, Taylor KD, Rotter JI, Boerwinkle E, Arking DE. Evaluation of mitochondrial DNA copy number estimation techniques. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228166. [PMID: 32004343 PMCID: PMC6994099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), a measure of the number of mitochondrial genomes per cell, is a minimally invasive proxy measure for mitochondrial function and has been associated with several aging-related diseases. Although quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is the current gold standard method for measuring mtDNA-CN, mtDNA-CN can also be measured from genotyping microarray probe intensities and DNA sequencing read counts. To conduct a comprehensive examination on the performance of these methods, we use known mtDNA-CN correlates (age, sex, white blood cell count, Duffy locus genotype, incident cardiovascular disease) to evaluate mtDNA-CN calculated from qPCR, two microarray platforms, as well as whole genome (WGS) and whole exome sequence (WES) data across 1,085 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and 3,489 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We observe mtDNA-CN derived from WGS data is significantly more associated with known correlates compared to all other methods (p < 0.001). Additionally, mtDNA-CN measured from WGS is on average more significantly associated with traits by 5.6 orders of magnitude and has effect size estimates 5.8 times more extreme than the current gold standard of qPCR. We further investigated the role of DNA extraction method on mtDNA-CN estimate reproducibility and found mtDNA-CN estimated from cell lysate is significantly less variable than traditional phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (p = 5.44x10-4) and silica-based column selection (p = 2.82x10-7). In conclusion, we recommend the field moves towards more accurate methods for mtDNA-CN, as well as re-analyze trait associations as more WGS data becomes available from larger initiatives such as TOPMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Longchamps
- Department of Genetic Medicine, McKusick-Nathans Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Christina A. Castellani
- Department of Genetic Medicine, McKusick-Nathans Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Y. Yang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, McKusick-Nathans Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Newcomb
- Department of Genetic Medicine, McKusick-Nathans Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Sumpter
- Department of Genetic Medicine, McKusick-Nathans Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - John Lane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Megan L. Grove
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- LABioMed and Department of Pediatrics, at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- LABioMed and Department of Pediatrics, at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Dan E. Arking
- Department of Genetic Medicine, McKusick-Nathans Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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31
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Cosemans C, Nawrot TS, Janssen BG, Vriens A, Smeets K, Baeyens W, Bruckers L, Den Hond E, Loots I, Nelen V, Van Larebeke N, Schoeters G, Martens D, Plusquin M. Breastfeeding predicts blood mitochondrial DNA content in adolescents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:387. [PMID: 31941967 PMCID: PMC6962168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition during early childhood is linked to metabolic programming. We hypothesized that breastfeeding has long-term consequences on the energy metabolism exemplified by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). As part of the third cycle of the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHSIII) cohort, 303 adolescents aged 14–15 years were included. We associated breastfeeding and blood mtDNA content 14–15 years later while adjusting for confounding variables. Compared with non-breastfed adolescents, mtDNA content was 23.1% (95%CI: 4.4–45.2; p = 0.013) higher in breastfed adolescents. Being breastfed for 1–10 weeks, 11–20 weeks, and >20 weeks, was associated with a higher mtDNA content of respectively 16.0% (95%CI: −7.1–44.9; p = 0.191), 23.5% (95%CI: 0.8–51.3; p = 0.042), and 31.5% (95%CI: 4.3–65.7; p = 0.021). Our study showed a positive association between breastfeeding and mtDNA content in adolescents which gradually increased with longer periods of breastfeeding. Higher mtDNA content may be an underlying mechanism of the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on children’s metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cosemans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,School of Public Health, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annette Vriens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Karen Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Ilse Loots
- Faculty of Social Sciences and IMDO-Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancerology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Dries Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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32
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Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Peripheral Blood as a Potential Non-invasive Biomarker for Multiple Sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:304-313. [PMID: 31902116 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08588-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The impaired mitochondrial function has been implicated in the pathogenicity of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the CNS. Circulating mtDNA copy number in body fluids has been proposed as an indicator for several neurodegenerative diseases, and the altered cerebrospinal fluid mtDNA has been shown as a promising marker for MS. The aim of this study was to determine changes and biomarker potential of circulating mtDNA in peripheral blood in MS. The mtDNA copy number was quantified by real-time PCR in blood samples from 60 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and 64 healthy controls. The RRMS patients had significantly lower circulating mtDNA copy number compared to controls. Subgroup analysis with stratification of RRMS patients based on disease duration under or over 10 years revealed that the mtDNA copy number was significantly lower in the group with longer disease duration. A negative correlation was observed between mtDNA copy number and disease duration. The ROC curve analysis indicated a significant ability of mtDNA copy number to separate RRMS patients from controls with an AUC of 0.859. This is the first study to measure peripheral blood mtDNA copy number in MS patients. Current data suggest that the reduction in peripheral blood mtDNA copy number may be an early event in MS and correlate with the disease progression. The findings of this study indicate that circulating blood-based mtDNA copy number may be a potential non-invasive candidate biomarker for mitochondria-mediated neurodegeneration and MS. This can put forward the clinical applicability over other invasive markers.
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33
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Lalrohlui F, Zohmingthanga J, Hruaii V, Kumar NS. Genomic profiling of mitochondrial DNA reveals novel complex gene mutations in familial type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals from Mizo ethnic population, Northeast India. Mitochondrion 2019; 51:7-14. [PMID: 31862415 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The variants reported for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) may not be accountable for the disease in certain other populations and the risk depends upon numerous factors which may include genetics, environment as well as ethnicity. This leads to a challenge in identifying, exploring and comparing the variants between diabetic cases and healthy controls in a remote unexplored tribal population. To study the possible contribution of mtDNA variants, we sequenced the entire mitochondrial genomes and the frequencies of mtSNPs, their association with familial T2D and the potential impact of non-synonymous substitutions on protein functions were determined. The mtSNP 8584 G > A (ATP6: A20T) was detected in 14.28% of the diabetic patients and none in the control groups. The mitochondrial ND3 variant 10398A > G was found to be significantly associated with the risk of T2D (OR = 9.489, 95% CI = 1.161-77.54, P value = 0.036). A novel Frame-shift substitution ND5: 81_81ins A at position 12,417 was observed in 53.57% of diabetic individuals. Majority of the variants lie in tRNA-Phe in the non-protein coding region of mtDNA for both diabetic cases and common cases. We concluded that mutations in the coding (synonymous or non-synonymous) and noncoding regions of the mitochondria might have contribution towards the development of T2D. Our study is the first to report the distinct mitochondrial variants which may be attributed to the susceptibility as well as development of type 2 diabetes in an ethnic tribe from northeast India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freda Lalrohlui
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | | | - Vanlal Hruaii
- Department of Medicine, Zoram Medical College, Aizawl 796005, Mizoram, India
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34
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Bordoni L, Smerilli V, Nasuti C, Gabbianelli R. Mitochondrial DNA methylation and copy number predict body composition in a young female population. J Transl Med 2019; 17:399. [PMID: 31779622 PMCID: PMC6883616 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since both genomic and environmental factors are involved in obesity etiology, several studies about the influence of adiposity on both nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA methylation patterns have been carried out. Nevertheless, few evidences exploring the usage of buccal swab samples to study mitochondrial DNA epigenetics can be found in literature. Methods In this study, mitochondrial DNA from buccal swabs collected from a young Caucasian population (n = 69) have been used to examine potential correlation between mitochondrial DNA copy number and methylation with body composition (BMI, WHtR and bioimpedance measurements). Results A negative correlation between mitochondrial DNA copy number and BMI was measured in females (p = 0.028), but not in males. The mean percentage of D-loop methylation is significantly higher in overweight than in lean female subjects (p = 0.003), and a specific CpG located in the D-loop shows per se an association with impaired body composition (p = 0.004). Body composition impairment is predicted by a combined variable including mtDNA copy number and the D-loop methylation (AUC = 0.785; p = 0.009). Conclusions This study corroborates the hypothesis that mitochondrial DNA carries relevant information about body composition. However, wider investigations able to validate the usage of mtDNA methylation from buccal swabs as a biomarker are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smerilli
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Cinzia Nasuti
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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35
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Constantin-Teodosiu D, Constantin D, Pelsers MM, Verdijk LB, van Loon L, Greenhaff PL. Mitochondrial DNA copy number associates with insulin sensitivity and aerobic capacity, and differs between sedentary, overweight middle-aged males with and without type 2 diabetes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:929-936. [PMID: 31641211 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to impaired muscle mitochondrial function and reduced mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAnum). However, studies have failed to control for habitual physical activity levels, which directly influences both mtDNA copy number and insulin sensitivity. We, therefore, examined whether physical conditioning status (maximal oxygen uptake, V̇O2max) was associated with skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume and mtDNAnum, and was predictive of T2DM in overweight, middle-aged men. METHODS Whole-body physiological (ISI-insulin sensitivity index, HOMA-IR, V̇O2max) and muscle biochemical/molecular (vastus lateralis; mtDNAnum, mitochondrial and glycolytic enzymes activity, lipid content and markers of lipid peroxidation) measurements were performed in three groups of overweight, middle-aged male volunteers (n = 10 per group): sedentary T2DM (ST2DM); sedentary control (SC) and non-sedentary control (NSC), who differed in aerobic capacity (ST2DM < SC < NSC). RESULTS mtDNAnum was greater in NSC versus SC and ST2DM (P < 0.001; P < 0.001), and less in ST2DM versus SC (P < 0.01). Across all groups, mtDNAnum positively correlated with ISI (P < 0.001; r = 0.688) and V̇O2max (normalised to free fat mass; r = 0.684, P < 0.001), and negatively correlated to HOMA-IR (r = -0.544, P < 0.01). The activity of mitochondrial enzymes (GluDH, CS and β-HAD) was greater in NSC than ST2DM (P < 0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05) and SC (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), but similar between ST2DM and SC. Intramuscular-free fatty acids, triglycerides and malondialdehyde contents were similar between ST2DM and SC. CONCLUSIONS Body composition and indices of muscle mitochondrial volume/function were similar between SC and ST2DM. However, mtDNAnum differed and was positively associated with ISI, HOMA-IR and V̇O2max across all groups. Collectively, the findings support the contention that habitual physical activity is a key component of T2DM development, possibly by influencing mtDNAnum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Despina Constantin
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Maurice M Pelsers
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc van Loon
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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36
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Zhang J, Bao Y, Zhou X, Zheng L. Polycystic ovary syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:67. [PMID: 31420039 PMCID: PMC6698037 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal disorder of premenopausal women worldwide and is characterized by reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic abnormalities. The clinical manifestations of PCOS include oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism, ovarian polycystic changes, and infertility. Women with PCOS are at an increased risk of suffering from type 2 diabetes; me\tabolic syndrome; cardiovascular events, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia; gynecological diseases, including infertility, endometrial dysplasia, endometrial cancer, and ovarian malignant tumors; pregnancy complications, such as premature birth, low birthweight, and eclampsia; and emotional and mental disorders in the future. Although numerous studies have focused on PCOS, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease remain unclear. Mitochondria play a key role in energy production, and mitochondrial dysfunction at the cellular level can affect systemic metabolic balance. The recent wide acceptance of functional mitochondrial disorders as a correlated factor of numerous diseases has led to the presupposition that abnormal mitochondrial metabolic markers are associated with PCOS. Studies conducted in the past few years have confirmed that increased oxidative stress is associated with the progression and related complications of PCOS and have proven the relationship between other mitochondrial dysfunctions and PCOS. Thus, this review aims to summarize and discuss previous and recent findings concerning the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Zhang
- grid.452829.0Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Yigang Bao
- grid.452829.0Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Xu Zhou
- 0000 0004 1760 5735grid.64924.3dCollege of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Lianwen Zheng
- grid.452829.0Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
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37
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Reimann B, Janssen BG, Alfano R, Ghantous A, Espín-Pérez A, de Kok TM, Saenen ND, Cox B, Robinson O, Chadeau-Hyam M, Penders J, Herceg Z, Vineis P, Nawrot TS, Plusquin M. The Cord Blood Insulin and Mitochondrial DNA Content Related Methylome. Front Genet 2019; 10:325. [PMID: 31031804 PMCID: PMC6474284 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction seems to play a key role in the etiology of insulin resistance. At birth, a link has already been established between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and insulin levels in cord blood. In this study, we explore shared epigenetic mechanisms of the association between mtDNA content and insulin levels, supporting the developmental origins of this link. First, the association between cord blood insulin and mtDNA content in 882 newborns of the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort was assessed. Cord blood mtDNA content was established via qPCR, while cord blood levels of insulin were determined using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Then the cord blood DNA methylome and transcriptome were determined in 179 newborns, using the human 450K methylation Illumina and Agilent Whole Human Genome 8 × 60 K microarrays, respectively. Subsequently, we performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) adjusted for different maternal and neonatal variables. Afterward, we focused on the 20 strongest associations based on p-values to assign transcriptomic correlates and allocate corresponding pathways employing the R packages ReactomePA and RDAVIDWebService. On the regional level, we examined differential methylation using the DMRcate and Bumphunter packages in R. Cord blood mtDNA content and insulin were significantly correlated (r = 0.074, p = 0.028), still showing a trend after additional adjustment for maternal and neonatal variables (p = 0.062). We found an overlap of 33 pathways which were in common between the association with cord blood mtDNA content and insulin levels, including pathways of neurodevelopment, histone modification, cytochromes P450 (CYP)-metabolism, and biological aging. We further identified a DMR annotated to Repulsive Guidance Molecule BMP Co-Receptor A (RGMA) linked to cord blood insulin as well as mtDNA content. Metabolic variation in early life represented by neonatal insulin levels and mtDNA content might reflect or accommodate alterations in neurodevelopment, histone modification, CYP-metabolism, and aging, indicating etiological origins in epigenetic programming. Variation in metabolic hormones at birth, reflected by molecular changes, might via these alterations predispose children to metabolic diseases later in life. The results of this study may provide important markers for following targeted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Reimann
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bram G. Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Akram Ghantous
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Almudena Espín-Pérez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, California, CA, United States
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nelly D. Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bianca Cox
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joris Penders
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, East-Limburg Hospital, Genk, Belgium
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
- School of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Chocron ES, Munkácsy E, Pickering AM. Cause or casualty: The role of mitochondrial DNA in aging and age-associated disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:285-297. [PMID: 30419337 PMCID: PMC6310633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) represents a tiny fraction of the whole genome, comprising just 16.6 kilobases encoding 37 genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the mitochondrial translation machinery. Despite its small size, much interest has developed in recent years regarding the role of mtDNA as a determinant of both aging and age-associated diseases. A number of studies have presented compelling evidence for key roles of mtDNA in age-related pathology, although many are correlative rather than demonstrating cause. In this review we will evaluate the evidence supporting and opposing a role for mtDNA in age-associated functional declines and diseases. We provide an overview of mtDNA biology, damage and repair as well as the influence of mitochondrial haplogroups, epigenetics and maternal inheritance in aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sandra Chocron
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Erin Munkácsy
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Andrew M Pickering
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA.
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39
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Venter M, Malan L, Elson JL, van der Westhuizen FH. Implementing a new variant load model to investigate the role of mtDNA in oxidative stress and inflammation in a bi-ethnic cohort: the SABPA study. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2019; 30:440-447. [PMID: 30657012 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2018.1544248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation has been implicated in several common complex and degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Inflammation is seen as part of many of these conditions. Mitochondria feature in inflammatory pathways and it has been suggested that mtDNA variation or released mtDNA might be important in this phenomenon. To determine if mtDNA is involved in the mechanisms leading up to cardiovascular disease, we investigated the role of these variants in seven indicators of oxidative stress and inflammation. This study was done in participants of the Sympathetic Activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans (SABPA) cohort, a South African bi-ethnic cohort (N = 363). We applied a variant load hypothesis, which is an alternative approach to, and moves away from the classic haplogroup association approaches, to evaluate the cumulative effect of non-synonymous mtDNA variants on measurements of serum peroxides, nitric oxide metabolites, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, whole blood reduced glutathione, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. We found no significant relationships between non-synonymous mtDNA variants and the seven biochemical parameters investigated here. Non-synonymous mtDNA variants are unlikely to impact on disease in this cohort, to an appreciable or measurable extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Venter
- a Human Metabolomics, North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Leone Malan
- b Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), Centre of Excellence , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Joanna L Elson
- a Human Metabolomics, North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa.,c Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , United Kingdom
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40
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Investigating mitonuclear interactions in human admixed populations. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:213-222. [PMID: 30643241 PMCID: PMC6925600 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To function properly, mitochondria utilize products of 37 mitochondrial and >1,000 nuclear genes, which should be compatible with each other. Discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear genetic ancestry could contribute to phenotypic variation in admixed populations. Here, we explored potential mitonuclear incompatibility in six admixed human populations from the Americas: African Americans, African Caribbeans, Colombians, Mexicans, Peruvians and Puerto Ricans. By comparing nuclear versus mitochondrial ancestry in these populations, we first show that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number decreases with increasing discordance between nuclear and mtDNA ancestry. The direction of this effect is consistent across mtDNA haplogroups of different geographic origins. This observation indicates suboptimal regulation of mtDNA replication when its components are encoded by nuclear and mtDNA genes with different ancestry. Second, while most populations analysed exhibit no such trend, in African Americans and Puerto Ricans, we find a significant enrichment of ancestry at nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes towards the source populations contributing the most prevalent mtDNA haplogroups (African and Native American, respectively). This possibly reflects compensatory effects of selection in recovering mitonuclear interactions optimized in the source populations. Our results provide evidence of mitonuclear interactions in human admixed populations and we discuss their implications for human health and disease.
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41
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Martin JL, Gruszczyk AV, Beach TE, Murphy MP, Saeb-Parsy K. Mitochondrial mechanisms and therapeutics in ischaemia reperfusion injury. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:1167-1174. [PMID: 29860579 PMCID: PMC6366561 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-3984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major problem in critically unwell children and young adults. Ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a major contributor to the development of AKI in a significant proportion of these cases and mitochondria are increasingly recognised as being central to this process through generation of a burst of reactive oxygen species early in reperfusion. Mitochondria have additionally been shown to have key roles in downstream processes including activation of the immune response, immunomodulation, and apoptosis and necrosis. The recognition of the central role of mitochondria in IR injury and an increased understanding of the pathophysiology that undermines these processes has resulted in identification of novel therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers. This review summarises a variety of therapeutic approaches that are currently under exploration and may have potential in ameliorating AKI in children in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Martin
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Anja V Gruszczyk
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Timothy E Beach
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK.
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42
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Silzer TK, Phillips NR. Etiology of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease: Exploring the mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2018; 43:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Ishimoto Y, Tanaka T, Yoshida Y, Inagi R. Physiological and pathophysiological role of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in the kidney. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1097-1105. [PMID: 30051924 PMCID: PMC6221034 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
End‐stage renal disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of the disease and the number of patients who receive renal replacement therapy are expected to increase in the next decade. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic hypoxia in the tubulointerstitium represents the final common pathway to end‐stage renal failure, and that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the key players in kidney injury. However, ROS and RNS that exceed the physiological levels associated with the pathophysiology of most kidney diseases. The molecules that comprise ROS and RNS play an important role in regulating solute and water reabsorption in the kidney, which is vital for maintaining electrolyte homeostasis and the volume of extracellular fluid. This article reviews the physiological and pathophysiological role of ROS and RNS in normal kidney function and in various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ishimoto
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of CKD Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshida
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of CKD Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Zhang Y, Guallar E, Ashar FN, Longchamps RJ, Castellani CA, Lane J, Grove ML, Coresh J, Sotoodehnia N, Ilkhanoff L, Boerwinkle E, Pankratz N, Arking DE. Association between mitochondrial DNA copy number and sudden cardiac death: findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC). Eur Heart J 2018; 38:3443-3448. [PMID: 29020391 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major public health burden. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a wide range of cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and arrhythmias, but it is unknown if it also contributes to SCD risk. We sought to examine the prospective association between mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), a surrogate marker of mitochondrial function, and SCD risk. Methods and results We measured baseline mtDNA-CN in 11 093 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. mtDNA copy number was calculated from probe intensities of mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0. Sudden cardiac death was defined as a sudden pulseless condition presumed due to a ventricular tachyarrhythmia in a previously stable individual without evidence of a non-cardiac cause of cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac death cases were reviewed and adjudicated by an expert committee. During a median follow-up of 20.4 years, we observed 361 SCD cases. After adjusting for age, race, sex, and centre, the hazard ratio for SCD comparing the 1st to the 5th quintiles of mtDNA-CN was 2.24 (95% confidence interval 1.58-3.19; P-trend <0.001). When further adjusting for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, prevalent coronary heart disease, heart rate, QT interval, and QRS duration, the association remained statistically significant. Spline regression models showed that the association was approximately linear over the range of mtDNA-CN values. No apparent interaction by race or by sex was detected. Conclusion In this community-based prospective study, mtDNA-CN in peripheral blood was inversely associated with the risk of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhang
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument St.. Room 2-645, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument St.. Room 2-645, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Foram N Ashar
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building, Room 459, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ryan J Longchamps
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building, Room 459, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Christina A Castellani
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building, Room 459, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Lane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Room 1-156, Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument St.. Room 2-645, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Leonard Ilkhanoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Section, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair, Suite 600, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, 3300 Gallows Rd, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, One Baylor Plaza, Alkek N1419, MS: BCM226, Houston, TX 77030-3411, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Room 1-156, Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building, Room 459, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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45
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Reversing wrinkled skin and hair loss in mice by restoring mitochondrial function. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:735. [PMID: 30026579 PMCID: PMC6053453 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion is involved in mtDNA depletion syndromes, mitochondrial diseases, aging and aging-associated chronic diseases, and other human pathologies. To evaluate the consequences of depletion of mtDNA in the whole animal, we created an inducible mtDNA-depleter mouse expressing, in the polymerase domain of POLG1, a dominant-negative mutation to induce depletion of mtDNA in various tissues. These mice showed reduced mtDNA content, reduced mitochondrial gene expression, and instability of supercomplexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) resulting in reduced OXPHOS enzymatic activities. We demonstrate that ubiquitous depletion of mtDNA in mice leads to predominant and profound effects on the skin resulting in wrinkles and visual hair loss with an increased number of dysfunctional hair follicles and inflammatory responses. Development of skin wrinkle was associated with the significant epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases, and decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP1. We also discovered markedly increased skin inflammation that appears to be a contributing factor in skin pathology. Histopathologic analyses revealed dysfunctional hair follicles. mtDNA-depleter mice also show changes in expression of aging-associated markers including IGF1R, KLOTHO, VEGF, and MRPS5. mtDNA-repleter mice showed that, by turning off the mutant POLG1 transgene expression, mitochondrial function, as well as the skin and hair pathology, is reversed to wild-type level. To our knowledge that restoration of mitochondrial functions can reverse the skin and hair pathology is unprecedented.
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46
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A Monochrome Multiplex Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assay for the Measurement of Mitochondrial DNA Content. J Mol Diagn 2018; 20:612-620. [PMID: 29936256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA copies per cell (mtDNA content) can fluctuate with cellular aging, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and has been investigated in cancer, diabetes, HIV, and metabolic disease. mtDNA content testing in both clinical and basic settings is expected to increase as research uncovers its biological relevance. Herein, we present a novel mtDNA content assay developed on monochrome multiplex real-time quantitative PCR (MMqPCR) principles. This assay offers a greater than twofold improvement on time effectiveness and cost-effectiveness over conventional (monoplex) qPCR, as well as improved reproducibility given the reduced effects of human pipetting errors. The new MMqPCR method was compared with the gold standard monoplex qPCR assay on DNA from a variety of sources, including human whole blood, skeletal muscle, and commercial cell lines. The MMqPCR assay is reproducible (n = 98, r = 0.99, P < 0.0001) and highly correlated to the monoplex qPCR assay (n = 160, r > 0.98, P < 0.0001). Intra-assay and interassay variabilities, as established independently by multiple operators, range between 4.3% and 7.9% and between 2.9% and 9.2%, respectively. This robust assay can quantify >82 pg of template DNA per reaction, with a minimum mtDNA/nuclear DNA ratio of 20, and is especially suitable for studies that require high throughput.
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47
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Al-Kafaji G, Aljadaan A, Kamal A, Bakhiet M. Peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA copy number as a novel potential biomarker for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1483-1492. [PMID: 30116398 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is a surrogate measure of mitochondrial function and altered mtDNA-CN reflects the oxidant-induced cell damage. A previous study by our group demonstrated that a reduction in the renal mtDNA-CN is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of end-stage renal disease in diabetic patients. In the present study, it was investigated whether the mtDNA-CN in the peripheral blood may be utilized as a biomarker for DN in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The study included 50 non-diabetic and 100 diabetic subjects. The diabetic subjects were sub-divided based on their albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) into T2D patients with normoalbuminuria (n=50), DN patients with microalbuminuria (n=29) and DN patients with macroalbuminuria (n=21). The mtDNA-CN was measured in the peripheral blood by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Patients with DN had a lower mtDNA-CN than patients with T2D and healthy controls (P<0.05). A sub-group analysis with stratification by the ACR indicated that a decreased mtDNA-CN was associated with the severity and the presence of DN, as it was lower in DN patients with macroalbuminuria than in DN patients with microalbuminuria and T2D patients with normoalbuminuria (P<0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for mtDNA-CN was 0.916 (sensitivity, 86% and specificity, 74%) and 0.961 (sensitivity, 96% and specificity, 88%) for differentiating DN patients from T2D patients without DN and from healthy controls, respectively. Furthermore, the AUC of mtDNA-CN for differentiating DN patients with microalbuminuria from those with macroalbuminuria was 0.895 (sensitivity, 83% and specificity, 85%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the mtDNA-CN was significantly associated with the occurrence and progression of DN, even after adjustment for age, mean blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol (P<0.05). In patients with DN, a decreased mtDNA-CN was negatively correlated with albuminuria and conventional risk factors for DN, and was positively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. The present results therefore suggest the utilization of circulating mtDNA-CN as a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of DN and indicate the significance of decreased mtDNA-CN as another independent risk factor for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Abdulah Aljadaan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Amer Kamal
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Moiz Bakhiet
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Kingdom of Bahrain
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48
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Ilie IR. Advances in PCOS Pathogenesis and Progression-Mitochondrial Mutations and Dysfunction. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 86:127-155. [PMID: 30144838 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female endocrine disorder, which still remains largely unsolved in terms of etiology and pathogenesis despite important advances in our understanding of its genetic, epigenetic, or environmental factor implications. It is a heterogeneous disease, frequently associated with insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress and probably accompanied with subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) and some malignant lesions as well, such as endometrial cancer. Discrepancies in the clinical phenotype and progression of PCOS exist between different population groups, which nuclear genetic studies have so far failed to explain. Over the last years, mitochondrial dysfunction has been increasingly recognized as an important contributor to an array of diseases. Because mitochondria are under the dual genetic control of both the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, mutations within either DNA molecule may result in deficiency in respiratory chain function that leads to a reduced ability to produce cellular adenosine-5'-triphosphate and to an excessive production of reactive oxygen species. However, the association between variants in mitochondrial genome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and PCOS has been investigated to a lesser extent. May mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) become an additional target of investigations on the missing PCOS heritability? Are mutations in mtDNA implicated in the initiation and progression of PCOS complications, e.g., CVDs, diabetes mellitus, cancers?
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana R Ilie
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu-Hatieganu', Cluj-Napoca, Romania; E-mail:
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49
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Yang D, Yang X, Deng F, Guo X. Ambient Air Pollution and Biomarkers of Health Effect. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1017:59-102. [PMID: 29177959 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5657-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the air pollution situation of our country is very serious along with the development of urbanization and industrialization. Studies indicate that the exposure of air pollution can cause a rise of incidence and mortality of many diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, myocardial infarction, and so on. However, there is now growing evidence showing that significant air pollution exposures are associated with early biomarkers in various systems of the body. In order to better prevent and control the damage effect of air pollution, this article summarizes comprehensively epidemiological studies about the bad effects on the biomarkers of respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and genetic and epigenetic system exposure to ambient air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
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Park JK, Shim JY, Cho AR, Cho MR, Lee YJ. Korean Red Ginseng Protects Against Mitochondrial Damage and Intracellular Inflammation in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Food 2018; 21:544-550. [PMID: 29708804 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Korean red ginseng (KRG), a heat-processed Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), has been used as a traditional medicine for its beneficial effects on hyperglycemia. This study aimed to investigate whether the antidiabetic action of KRG in an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is partly mediated by prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular inflammation. Four-week-old C57BL/KsJ db/db mice (a genetic animal model of obese type 2 DM) and C57BL/KsJ db/+ mice were divided into three groups: db/+ mice (normoglycemic control group, n = 8), db/db mice (untreated DM group, n = 8), and db/db mice with KRG administration (KRG-treated DM group, n = 8). After 12 weeks, metabolic parameters of fasting blood glucose concentrations, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, insulin level, lipid profile, and leukocyte count were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and inflammatory marker (interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and C-reactive protein) expression levels were measured in skeletal muscle tissue using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. After 12 weeks of KRG treatment at 100 mg/kg, the fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were lower, whereas mtDNA copy numbers were higher in the KRG-treated DM group than in the untreated DM group. Compared with the untreated DM group, the messenger RNA expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-related transcription factors and inflammatory markers were lower in the KRG-treated DM group. In conclusion, KRG had a beneficial effect on the metabolic profile by preserving mitochondrial function and protecting against intracellular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyung Park
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea.,2 Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Shim
- 3 Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Ra Cho
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea.,2 Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Cho
- 3 Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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