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Zhang L, Xie P, Li M, Zhang X, Fei S, Zhao N, Li L, Xie Q, Xu Z, Tang W, Zhu G, Zhu Z, Xu Z, Li J, Zhang C, Boyer JL, Chen W, Cai SY, Pan Q, Chai J. Hepatic GDP-fucose transporter SLC35C1 attenuates cholestatic liver injury and inflammation by inducing CEACAM1 N153 fucosylation. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00953. [PMID: 38985995 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory response is crucial for bile acid (BA)-induced cholestatic liver injury, but molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Solute Carrier Family 35 Member C1 (SLC35C1) can transport Guanosine diphosphate-fucose into the Golgi to facilitate protein glycosylation. Its mutation leads to the deficiency of leukocyte adhesion and enhances inflammation in humans. However, little is known about its role in liver diseases. APPROACH AND RESULTS Hepatic SLC35C1 mRNA transcripts and protein expression were significantly increased in patients with obstructive cholestasis and mouse models of cholestasis. Immunofluorescence revealed that the upregulated SLC35C1 expression mainly occurred in hepatocytes. Liver-specific ablation of Slc35c1 ( Slc35c1 cKO ) significantly aggravated liver injury in mouse models of cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation and 1% cholic acid-feeding, evidenced by increased liver necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and bile ductular proliferation. The Slc35c1 cKO increased hepatic chemokine Ccl2 and Cxcl2 expression and T cell, neutrophil, and F4/80 macrophage infiltration but did not affect the levels of serum and liver BA in mouse models of cholestasis. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that hepatic Slc35c1 deficiency substantially reduced the fucosylation of cell-cell adhesion protein CEACAM1 at N153. Mechanistically, cholestatic levels of conjugated BAs stimulated SLC35C1 expression by activating the STAT3 signaling to facilitate CEACAM1 fucosylation at N153, and deficiency in the fucosylation of CEACAM1 at N135 enhanced the BA-stimulated CCL2 and CXCL2 mRNA expression in primary mouse hepatocytes and Primary Liver Carcinoma/Poliomyelitis Research Foundation/5- ASBT cells. CONCLUSIONS Elevated hepatic SLC35C1 expression attenuates cholestatic liver injury by enhancing CEACAM1 fucosylation to suppress CCL2 and CXCL2 expression and liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pingfan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mingqiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuke Fei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoling Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ziqian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zuzhi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - James L Boyer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Ying Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Qiong Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China
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Zheng L, Tian S, Yang C, Li B, Jia G, Liu Y, Sun R, Wang X, Deng J, Zhang M, Cui L, Guo C, Zhou X, Leung PSC, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME, Shang Y, Han Y. Hypercholesterolemia Is Associated With Dysregulation of Lipid Metabolism and Poor Prognosis in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:1265-1274.e19. [PMID: 38354969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hypercholesterolemia is frequently diagnosed in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, its association with the prognosis and lipid metabolism is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of baseline total cholesterol (TC) levels in PBC and characterized the associated lipid metabolism. METHODS Five hundred and thirty-one patients with PBC without prior cirrhosis-related complications were randomly divided into the derivation and validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. Complete clinical data were obtained and analyzed. The endpoints were defined as liver-related death, liver transplantation, and cirrhosis-related complications. Lipidomics was performed in 89 patients and 28 healthy controls. RESULTS Baseline TC was independently associated with poor liver-related outcomes, and adjusted C-statistics were 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-0.85) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.91) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The predictive ability of TC for disease outcomes was stable over time and comparable with the Globe score. The 200 mg/dL cut-off optimally divided patients into low- and high-TC groups. A combination of TC and Globe score provided a more accurate stratification of patients into risk subgroups. Lipidomics indicated an up-regulation of lipid families in high-TC patients. Pathway analysis of 66 up-regulated lipids revealed the dysregulation of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism in high-TC patients, which were associated with poor liver-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that patients with PBC having baseline TC levels above 200 mg/dL have unique lipidome characteristics and are at a higher risk of poor liver-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yansheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruiqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changcun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Christopher L Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California.
| | - Yulong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Zhang L, Miao C, Wang Z, Guan X, Ma Y, Song J, Shen S, Song H, Li M, Liu C. Preparation and characterisation of baicalin magnesium and its protective effect in ulcerative colitis via gut microbiota-bile acid axis modulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155416. [PMID: 38394726 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a well-known herb in traditional Chinese medicine that is frequently prescribed for various gastrointestinal conditions, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Its primary active constituent, baicalin, has poorly water solubility that reduces its efficacy. PURPOSE To enhance the aqueous solubility of baicalin by optimising its extraction process. We compared the modulatory effects of isolated water-soluble baicalin and water-insoluble baicalin on UC, and delved deeper into the potential mechanisms of water-soluble baicalin. METHODS We successfully extracted a more hydrophilic baicalin directly from an aqueous S. baicalensis Georgi extract through the process of recrystallisation following alcoholic precipitation of the aqueous extract obtained from S. baicalensis Georgi, eliminating the need for acid additives. This specific form of baicalin was conclusively identified by UV, IR, atomic absorption spectroscopy, elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-HRMS. We subsequently compared the regulatory effects of baicalin on UC before and after optimisation, employing 16S rDNA sequencing, bile acid-targeted metabolomics, and transcriptome analysis to elucidate the potential mechanism of water-soluble baicalin; and the key genes and proteins implicated in this mechanism were verified through RT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS A new form of baicalin present in the aqueous solution of S. baicalensis Georgi was isolated, and its structural characterisation showed that it was bound to magnesium ions (baicalin magnesium) and exhibited favorable water solubility. Baicalin magnesium offers enhanced therapeutic benefits over baicalin for UC treatment, which alleviated the inflammatory response and oxidative stress levels while improving intestinal mucosal damage. Further investigation of the mechanism revealed that baicalin magnesium could effectively regulate bile acid metabolism and maintain intestinal microecological balance in UC mice, and suppress the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signalling pathways, thereby playing a therapeutic role. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin magnesium has good water solubility, which solves the bottleneck problem of water insolubility in the practical applications of baicalin. Moreover, baicalin magnesium exhibits therapeutic potential for UC significantly better than baicalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Ceyu Miao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Zhixuan Wang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Xiulu Guan
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Yechao Ma
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Jingyu Song
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Shiyuan Shen
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Hongru Song
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, PR China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, PR China.
| | - Cuizhe Liu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China.
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You Y, Wang L, Liu C, Wang X, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Xia H. Early metabolic markers as predictors of respiratory complications in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Early Hum Dev 2024; 190:105950. [PMID: 38301336 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.105950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a common complication of premature birth, exerts considerable impact on the respiratory health of infants. This study aimed to identify the role of plasma metabolites in predicting respiratory outcomes in BPD-afflicted infants. METHODS This was a case-control study including 15 BPD premature infants and 15 gestational age and birth weight matched no-BPD preterm infants. Plasma samples, obtained at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), were subjected to a comprehensive analysis of over 300 metabolites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The respiratory outcomes of the infants were collected with the first 2 years of corrected postnatal age. RESULTS The analysis revealed a significant upregulation of urea and downregulation of nine metabolites in BPD infants, including oxalacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, itaconic acid, betaine, L-asparagine, L-alanine, picolinic acid, inositol, and purine (p < 0.05). These metabolites primarily pertained to the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Furthermore, seven metabolites demonstrated substantial predictive capacity for respiratory readmissions within the first two years of corrected postnatal age, achieving an area under curve (AUC) exceeding or equal to 0.8. These included chenodeoxycholic acid, dehydrolithocholic acid, glucaric acid, D-glucuronic acid, gamma-glutamylvaline, mevalonic acid, and 3-ureidopropionic acid. CONCLUSIONS This study identified ten distinct plasma metabolites at 36 weeks PMA that differentiate BPD infants from their non-BPD counterparts, implicating three major metabolic pathways. Additionally, seven metabolites showed strong predictive value for heightened risk of respiratory readmission within two years, underscoring their potential utility in clinical prognostication and management strategies for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- You You
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongping Xia
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Kim YS, Hurley EH, Park Y, Ko S. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): a condition exemplifying the crosstalk of the gut-liver axis. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-01042-9. [PMID: 37464092 PMCID: PMC10394020 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The close relationship between primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) provides a good opportunity to comprehend the gut-liver axis. The gut and the liver have reciprocal interactions, including how gut inflammation influences the liver through immune cells and the microbiota and how the microbiota in the gut modifies bile acids, which are produced and secreted from the liver. PSC-IBD shows distinct clinical findings from classical IBD. In addition, a distinct genetic predisposition and unique microbiota composition suggest that PSC-IBD is an independent disease entity. Understanding the pathogenesis of PSC-IBD helps to develop novel and effective therapeutic agents. Given the high risk of malignancies associated with PSC-IBD, it is critical to identify patients at high risk and implement appropriate surveillance and monitoring strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of PSC-IBD, which exemplifies the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward H Hurley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoojeong Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Zhang L, Pan Q, Zhang L, Xia H, Liao J, Zhang X, Zhao N, Xie Q, Liao M, Tan Y, Li Q, Zhu J, Li L, Fan S, Li J, Zhang C, Cai SY, Boyer JL, Chai J. Runt-related transcription factor-1 ameliorates bile acid-induced hepatic inflammation in cholestasis through JAK/STAT3 signaling. Hepatology 2023; 77:1866-1881. [PMID: 36647589 PMCID: PMC10921919 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bile acids trigger a hepatic inflammatory response, causing cholestatic liver injury. Runt-related transcription factor-1 (RUNX1), primarily known as a master modulator in hematopoiesis, plays a pivotal role in mediating inflammatory responses. However, RUNX1 in hepatocytes is poorly characterized, and its role in cholestasis is unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of hepatic RUNX1 and its underlying mechanisms in cholestasis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Hepatic expression of RUNX1 was examined in cholestatic patients and mouse models. Mice with liver-specific ablation of Runx1 were generated. Bile duct ligation and 1% cholic acid diet were used to induce cholestasis in mice. Primary mouse hepatocytes and the human hepatoma PLC/RPF/5- ASBT cell line were used for mechanistic studies. Hepatic RUNX1 mRNA and protein levels were markedly increased in cholestatic patients and mice. Liver-specific deletion of Runx1 aggravated inflammation and liver injury in cholestatic mice induced by bile duct ligation or 1% cholic acid feeding. Mechanistic studies indicated that elevated bile acids stimulated RUNX1 expression by activating the RUNX1 -P2 promoter through JAK/STAT3 signaling. Increased RUNX1 is directly bound to the promotor region of inflammatory chemokines, including CCL2 and CXCL2 , and transcriptionally repressed their expression in hepatocytes, leading to attenuation of liver inflammatory response. Blocking the JAK signaling or STAT3 phosphorylation completely abolished RUNX1 repression of bile acid-induced CCL2 and CXCL2 in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study has gained initial evidence establishing the functional role of hepatocyte RUNX1 in alleviating liver inflammation during cholestasis through JAK/STAT3 signaling. Modulating hepatic RUNX1 activity could be a new therapeutic target for cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haihan Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junwei Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Central South University School of Life Sciences, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoxun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoling Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jinfei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shijun Fan
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Ying Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James L Boyer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jin Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease of PLA, Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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7
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Xie S, Wei S, Ma X, Wang R, He T, Zhang Z, Yang J, Wang J, Chang L, Jing M, Li H, Zhou X, Zhao Y. Genetic alterations and molecular mechanisms underlying hereditary intrahepatic cholestasis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1173542. [PMID: 37324459 PMCID: PMC10264785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1173542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cholestatic liver disease caused by a class of autosomal gene mutations results in jaundice, which involves the abnormality of the synthesis, secretion, and other disorders of bile acids metabolism. Due to the existence of a variety of gene mutations, the clinical manifestations of children are also diverse. There is no unified standard for diagnosis and single detection method, which seriously hinders the development of clinical treatment. Therefore, the mutated genes of hereditary intrahepatic cholestasis were systematically described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting He
- Department of Pharmacy, 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Nimphy J, Ibrahim S, Dayoub R, Kubitza M, Melter M, Weiss TS. Interleukin-1ß Attenuates Expression of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration (ALR) by Regulating HNF4α Independent of c-Jun. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098107. [PMID: 37175814 PMCID: PMC10179097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes and innate immune cells have been shown to contribute to liver injury, thereby activating Kupffer cells, which release several cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNFα. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a hepatotropic co-mitogen that was found to have anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties and to attenuate experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cholestasis. Additionally, hepatic ALR expression is diminished in patients with NAFLD or cholestasis, but less is known about the mechanisms of its regulation under these conditions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-1ß in ALR expression and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of this regulation in vitro. We found that ALR promoter activity and mRNA and protein expression were reduced upon treatment with IL-1ß. Early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1), an ALR inducer, was induced by IL-1ß but could not activate ALR expression, which may be attributed to reduced Egr-1 binding to the ALR promoter. The expression and nuclear localization of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α), another ALR-inducing transcription factor, was reduced by IL-1ß. Interestingly, c-Jun, a potential regulator of ALR and HNF4α, showed increased nuclear phosphorylation levels upon IL-1ß treatment but did not change the expression of ALR or HNF4α. In conclusion, this study offers evidence regarding the regulation of anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative ALR by IL-1ß through reduced Egr-1 promoter binding and diminished HNF4α expression independent of c-Jun activation. Low ALR tissue levels in NAFLD and cholestatic liver injury may be caused by IL-1ß and contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nimphy
- Children's University Hospital (KUNO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sara Ibrahim
- Children's University Hospital (KUNO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rania Dayoub
- Children's University Hospital (KUNO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marion Kubitza
- Children's University Hospital (KUNO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Melter
- Children's University Hospital (KUNO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas S Weiss
- Children's University Hospital (KUNO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Center for Liver Cell Research, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Luan X, Chen P, Li Y, Yuan X, Miao L, Zhang P, Cao Q, Song X, Di G. TNF-α/IL-1β-licensed hADSCs alleviate cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis in mice via COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:100. [PMID: 37095581 PMCID: PMC10127380 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation has been shown to be effective for the management of severe liver disorders. Preactivation of ADSCs enhanced their therapeutic efficacy. However, these effects have not yet been examined in relation to cholestatic liver injury. METHODS In the present study, a cholestatic liver injury model was established by bile duct ligation (BDL) in male C57BL/6 mice. Human ADSCs (hADSCs) with or without tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) pretreatment were administrated into the mice via tail vein injections. The efficacy of hADSCs on BDL-induced liver injury was assessed by histological staining, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro, the effects of hADSC conditioned medium on the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were investigated. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in hADSCs. RESULTS TNF-α/IL-1β preconditioning could downregulate immunogenic gene expression and enhance the engraftment efficiency of hADSCs. Compared to control hADSCs (C-hADSCs), TNF-α/IL-1β-pretreated hADSCs (P-hADSCs) significantly alleviated BDL-induced liver injury, as demonstrated by reduced hepatic cell death, attenuated infiltration of Ly6G + neutrophils, and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2). Moreover, P-hADSCs significantly delayed the development of BDL-induced liver fibrosis. In vitro, conditioned medium from P-hADSCs significantly inhibited HSC activation compared to that from C-hADSCs. Mechanistically, TNF-α/IL-1β upregulated COX-2 expression and increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion. The blockage of COX-2 by siRNA transfection reversed the benefits of P-hADSCs for PGE2 production, HSC activation, and liver fibrosis progression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that TNF-α/IL-1β pretreatment enhances the efficacy of hADSCs in mice with cholestatic liver injury, partially through the COX-2/PGE2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Luan
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xinying Yuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Longyu Miao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomin Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Guohu Di
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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10
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Lee SH, So J, Shin D. Hepatocyte-to-cholangiocyte conversion occurs through transdifferentiation independently of proliferation in zebrafish. Hepatology 2023; 77:1198-1210. [PMID: 36626626 PMCID: PMC10023500 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Injury to biliary epithelial cells (BECs) lining the hepatic bile ducts leads to cholestatic liver diseases. Upon severe biliary damage, hepatocytes can convert to BECs, thereby contributing to liver recovery. Given a potential of augmenting this hepatocyte-to-BEC conversion as a therapeutic option for cholestatic liver diseases, it will be important to thoroughly understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the conversion process. APPROACH AND RESULTS Towards this aim, we have established a zebrafish model for hepatocyte-to-BEC conversion by employing Tg(fabp10a:CFP-NTR) zebrafish with a temporal inhibition of Notch signaling during regeneration. Cre/loxP-mediated permanent and H2B-mCherry-mediated short-term lineage tracing revealed that in the model, all BECs originate from hepatocytes. During the conversion, BEC markers are sequentially induced in the order of Sox9b, Yap/Taz, Notch activity/ epcam , and Alcama/ krt18 ; the expression of the hepatocyte marker Bhmt disappears between the Sox9b and Yap/Taz induction. Importantly, live time-lapse imaging unambiguously revealed transdifferentiation of hepatocytes into BECs: hepatocytes convert to BECs without transitioning through a proliferative intermediate state. In addition, using compounds and transgenic and mutant lines that modulate Notch and Yap signaling, we found that both Notch and Yap signaling are required for the conversion even in Notch- and Yap-overactivating settings. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte-to-BEC conversion occurs through transdifferentiation independently of proliferation, and Notch and Yap signaling control the process in parallel with a mutually positive interaction. The new zebrafish model will further contribute to a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of the conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Juhoon So
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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11
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Hepatic TNFRSF12A promotes bile acid-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis through NFκB/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling in cholestasis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:26. [PMID: 36690641 PMCID: PMC9871041 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member-12A (TNFRSF12A) plays a critical role in inflammation and cell death. It is expressed in multiple tissues yet extremely low in normal liver. To date, little is known about its role in cholestasis. Therefore, we sought to delineate the role of TNFRSF12A in cholestasis and its underlying mechanisms. Human liver tissues were collected from patients with obstructive cholestasis (OC) or primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Tnfrsf12a knockout (KO) mice were generated. Cholestasis was induced by bile-duct ligation (BDL) or 0.1% 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-feeding. Human hepatoma PLC/PRF/5-ASBT and THP1 cell lines or primary mouse hepatocytes were used for mechanistic studies. Hepatic TNFRSF12A expression was markedly increased in OC or PBC patients. Genetic ablation of Tnfrsf12a in BDL- and 0.1%DDC-induced cholestatic mice significantly attenuated cholestatic liver injury with remarkable reduction of hepatocyte pyroptosis but without changing scores of necroptosis and apoptosis. Morphological features of hepatocyte pyroptosis and increased levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, NLRP3, cleaved-Caspase-1, and cleaved-GSDMD in OC patients and BDL-mice confirmed this observation. Further mechanistic studies revealed that bile acids (BAs) induced TNFRSF12A expression by enhancing the transcription factor c-JUN binding to the TNFRSF12A promoter and subsequently initiated hepatocyte pyroptosis by the NFκB/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling. Interestingly, TWEAK, a typical ligand of TNFRSF12A, secreted by infiltrated macrophages in cholestatic livers, enhanced TNFRSF12A-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis. Taken together, we report, for the first time, that hepatic TNFRSF12A is dramatically increased in human cholestasis. Deletion of TNFRSF12A inhibits BAs-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis through the NFκB/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling and thereby ameliorates cholestatic liver injury. As such, targeting TNFRSF12A could be a promising approach to treating cholestasis.
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12
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Chen Y, Yang S, Liu L, Yang X, Duan Y, Zhang S, Han J. A novel therapy for hepatic cholestasis treatment-the combination of rosiglitazone and fenofibrate. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175428. [PMID: 36436592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic cholestasis can develop into liver fibrosis and eventually liver failure. Currently, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or UDCA combined with fenofibrate is used for cholestasis treatment. Rosiglitazone inhibited α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis in mice. In this study, we compared the effect of rosiglitazone, UDCA, fenofibrate, combined rosiglitazone and fenofibrate or UDCA and fenofibrate on ANIT-induced cholestasis. C57BL/6J mice were induced cholestasis by ANIT while treated with rosiglitazone, UDCA, fenofibrate, combination of rosiglitazone and fenofibrate, or combination of UDCA and fenofibrate. Liver and serum samples were collected to determine liver necrosis and serum biochemical parameters. Rosiglitazone alone or combined with fenofibrate demonstrated better effects than UDCA alone or UDCA combined with fenofibrate in reduction of cholestasis-induced serum biochemical parameters and liver necrosis. Surprisingly, UDCA combined with fenofibrate, but not rosiglitazone combined with fenofibrate, potently increased accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the liver. Mechanistically, the protection of combination of rosiglitazone and fenofibrate against cholestasis was attributed to activated adiponectin pathway to enhance FXR and mitochondrial functions and reduce apoptosis in the liver. The accumulation of FFAs in the liver by combination of UDCA and fenofibrate was caused by activation of fatty acid biosynthesis and uptake, and triglyceride hydrolysis. Taken together, our study not only demonstrates the adverse effect of combination therapy of UDCA and fenofibrate, but also suggests the combination of rosiglitazone and fenofibrate can be another option for cholestasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China; College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lipei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China; College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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13
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Oh HT, Heo W, Yoo GD, Kim KM, Hwang JH, Hwang ES, Ko J, Ko YG, Hong JH. CD133-Src-TAZ signaling stimulates ductal fibrosis following DDC diet-induced liver injury. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4504-4516. [PMID: 36250997 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver injury follows inflammation and liver fibrosis; however, the molecular mechanism underlying fibrosis has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the role of ductal WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) was investigated after liver injury. Ductal TAZ-knockout (DKO) mice showed decreased liver fibrosis following a Diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (DDC) diet compared to wild-type (WT) mice, as evidenced by decreased expression levels of fibrosis inducers, including connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf)/cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2), cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61/CCN1), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgfb1), in DKO mice. Similarly, TAZ-knockout (KO) cholangiocyte organoids showed decreased expression of fibrosis inducers. Additionally, the culture supernatant of TAZ-KO cholangiocyte organoids decreased the fibrogenic gene expression in liver stellate cells. Further studies revealed that prominin 1 (PROM1/CD133) stimulated TAZ for fibrosis. After the administration of DDC diet, fibrosis was decreased in CD133-KO (CD133-KO) mice compared to that in WT mice. Similarly, CD133-KO cholangiocyte organoids showed decreased Ctgf, Cyr61, and Tgfb1 expression levels compared to WT cholangiocyte organoids. Mechanistically, CD133 stabilized TAZ via Src activation. Inhibition of Src decreased TAZ levels. Similarly, CD133-knockdown HCT116 cells showed decreased TAZ levels, but reintroduction of active Src recovered the TAZ levels. Taken together, our results suggest that TAZ facilitates liver fibrosis after a DDC diet via the CD133-Src-TAZ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Taek Oh
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Heo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Don Yoo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ha Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesang Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Shah PA, Nishio A, Hasan S, Wu L, Chie L, Rehermann B, Lau DTY. A Rare Case of Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy With Prolonged Postpartum Hepatic Inflammation Despite Normalization of Bile Acid Levels. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 2:46-48. [PMID: 39130143 PMCID: PMC11307567 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is one of the most common liver diseases during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is associated with elevations of maternal bile acids, serum aminotransferases, and adverse fetal outcomes. Besides direct cytotoxic liver injury by bile acids, it has been suggested that bile acid-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury lead to a cascade of inflammatory responses. Here, we demonstrate that the extended elevation of serum aminotransferases after normalization of bile acid levels coincides with an extended increase of the chemokine CXCL10 and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pir Ahmad Shah
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Akira Nishio
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sharika Hasan
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lucy Chie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Barbara Rehermann
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daryl T.-Y. Lau
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Adil N, Siddiqui AJ, Musharraf SG. Metabolomics‐based Researches in Autoimmune Liver Disease: A
Mini‐Review. Scand J Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurmeen Adil
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
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16
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Celepli S, Çolak B, Celepli P, Bigat İ, Batur HG, Soysal F, Karakurt S, Hücümenoğlu S, Kismet K, Şahin M. Artichoke for biochemistry, histology, and gene expression in obstructive jaundice. REVISTA DA ASSOCIAÇÃO MÉDICA BRASILEIRA 2022; 68:647-652. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - İrem Bigat
- TOBB University of Economics & Technology, Turkey
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17
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Li H, Fu L, Chen X, Xu H, Jing Q, Yang C, Wan Z, Chen Y. Gut Microbiota and Metabolome Description of Antibiotic-Treated Neonates From Parturients With Intrauterine Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:817832. [PMID: 35372104 PMCID: PMC8974630 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.817832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine infection is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. Neonates from parturients with intrauterine infection are usually treated with antibiotics, but their gut microbiota and metabolome are seldom studied. In this study, we collected fecal samples from antibiotic-treated neonates of parturients with intrauterine infection (intrauterine infection group), parturients with non-intrauterine infection (antibiotic group), and untreated neonates of healthy parturients (control group). 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analyses were performed. Our results revealed that the α-diversity of intrauterine infection group differed from that of control group. There were significant differences in β-diversity between intrauterine infection group and control group, between antibiotic group and the control group, but there was no difference between the intrauterine infection and antibiotic groups, implying that antibiotic use has an obvious effect on β-diversity and that the effects of intrauterine infection on β-diversity cannot be identified. Enterococcus was more abundant in intrauterine infection and antibiotic groups than in control group. Gut metabolite differences in intrauterine infection group and antibiotic group (only in negative ion mode) from control group were observed, but no difference between intrauterine infection group and antibiotic group was observed. N-formyl-L-methionine was the most discriminant metabolite between intrauterine infection group and control group. Primary and secondary bile acid biosynthesis, bile secretion, and cholesterol metabolism pathways were altered, and the abundances of bile acids and bile salts were altered in intrauterine infection group compared with control group. Alterations in cholesterol metabolism, arginine biosynthesis and bile secretion pathways were observed both in intrauterine infection and antibiotic groups, which might be caused by the use of antibiotics. In conclusion, we provided a preliminary description of the gut microbiota and gut metabolites in antibiotics-treated neonates from intrauterine infection parturients. Our findings did not show intrauterine infection has a separate role in neonatal gut microbiota dysbiosis, while supporting the idea that antibiotics should be used with caution during neonatal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitao Li
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyu Chen
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinlong Jing
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhong Yang
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengwei Wan
- Department of Health Management Center & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Bile Acids Activate NLRP3 Inflammasome, Promoting Murine Liver Inflammation or Fibrosis in a Cell Type-Specific Manner. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102618. [PMID: 34685598 PMCID: PMC8534222 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) as important signaling molecules are considered crucial in development of cholestatic liver injury, but there is limited understanding on the involved cell types and signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory and fibrotic potential of key BA and the role of distinct liver cell subsets focusing on the NLRP3 inflammasome. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Nlrp3−/− mice were fed with a diet supplemented with cholic (CA), deoxycholic (DCA) or lithocholic acid (LCA) for 7 days. Additionally, primary hepatocytes, Kupffer cells (KC) and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) from WT and Nlrp3−/− mice were stimulated with aforementioned BA ex vivo. LCA feeding led to strong liver damage and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Ex vivo KC were the most affected cells by LCA, resulting in a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Liver damage and primary KC activation was both ameliorated in Nlrp3-deficient mice or cells. DCA feeding induced fibrotic alterations. Primary HSC upregulated the NLRP3 inflammasome and early fibrotic markers when stimulated with DCA, but not LCA. Pro-fibrogenic signals in liver and primary HSC were attenuated in Nlrp3−/− mice or cells. The data shows that distinct BA induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HSC or KC, promoting fibrosis or inflammation.
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19
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Frissen M, Liao L, Schneider KM, Djudjaj S, Haybaeck J, Wree A, Rolle-Kampczyk U, von Bergen M, Latz E, Boor P, Trautwein C. Bidirectional Role of NLRP3 During Acute and Chronic Cholestatic Liver Injury. Hepatology 2021; 73:1836-1854. [PMID: 32748971 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholestatic liver injury leads to cell death and subsequent inflammation and fibrosis. As shown for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), the mechanisms and circuits between different cell death pathways leading to disease progression are incompletely defined. Common bile duct ligation (BDL) is a well-established murine model to mimic cholestatic liver injury. Here, we hypothesized that pyroptotic cell death by the Nucleotide-Binding Domain, Leucine-Rich-Containing Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing-3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome plays an essential role during human and murine cholestasis. APPROACH AND RESULTS NLRP3 activation was analyzed in humans with cholestatic liver injury. Wild-type (WT) and Nlrp3-/- mice were subjected to BDL for 2 or 28 days. Chronic cholestasis in humans and mice is associated with NLRP3 activation and correlates with disease activity. Acute BDL in Nlrp3-deficient mice triggered increased inflammation as well as liver injury, associated with stronger apoptotic and necroptotic cell death. In contrast, NLRP3 deletion led to decreased liver injury and inflammation in chronic cholestasis. Moreover, bridging fibrosis was observed in WT, but not in NLRP3 knockout, mice 28 days after BDL. In contrast, lack of NLRP3 expression attenuated kidney injury and fibrosis after acute and chronic BDL. Importantly, administration of MCC950, an NLRP3 small molecule inhibitor, reduced BDL-induced disease progression in WT mice. CONCLUSIONS NLRP3 activation correlates with disease activity in patients with PBC. NLRP3 has a differential role during acute and chronic cholestatic liver injury in contrast to kidney injury. Disease progression during chronic cholestasis can be targeted through small molecules and thus suggests a potential clinical benefit for humans, attenuating liver and kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick Frissen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lijun Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Markus Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Neuropathology, and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Wree
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute for Innate Immunity, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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20
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Chen ML, Huang X, Wang H, Hegner C, Liu Y, Shang J, Eliason A, Diao H, Park H, Frey B, Wang G, Mosure SA, Solt LA, Kojetin DJ, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Schady DA, Weaver CT, Pipkin ME, Moore DD, Sundrud MS. CAR directs T cell adaptation to bile acids in the small intestine. Nature 2021; 593:147-151. [PMID: 33828301 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are lipid-emulsifying metabolites synthesized in hepatocytes and maintained in vivo through enterohepatic circulation between the liver and small intestine1. As detergents, bile acids can cause toxicity and inflammation in enterohepatic tissues2. Nuclear receptors maintain bile acid homeostasis in hepatocytes and enterocytes3, but it is unclear how mucosal immune cells tolerate high concentrations of bile acids in the small intestine lamina propria (siLP). CD4+ T effector (Teff) cells upregulate expression of the xenobiotic transporter MDR1 (encoded by Abcb1a) in the siLP to prevent bile acid toxicity and suppress Crohn's disease-like small bowel inflammation4. Here we identify the nuclear xenobiotic receptor CAR (encoded by Nr1i3) as a regulator of MDR1 expression in T cells that can safeguard against bile acid toxicity and inflammation in the mouse small intestine. Activation of CAR induced large-scale transcriptional reprogramming in Teff cells that infiltrated the siLP, but not the colon. CAR induced the expression of not only detoxifying enzymes and transporters in siLP Teff cells, as in hepatocytes, but also the key anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Accordingly, CAR deficiency in T cells exacerbated bile acid-driven ileitis in T cell-reconstituted Rag1-/- or Rag2-/- mice, whereas pharmacological activation of CAR suppressed it. These data suggest that CAR acts locally in T cells that infiltrate the small intestine to detoxify bile acids and resolve inflammation. Activation of this program offers an unexpected strategy to treat small bowel Crohn's disease and defines lymphocyte sub-specialization in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lan Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Huang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Courtney Hegner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Yujin Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jinsai Shang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Amber Eliason
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Huitian Diao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - HaJeung Park
- X-ray Crystallography Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Blake Frey
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Guohui Wang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah A Mosure
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Laura A Solt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Douglas J Kojetin
- The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,University Hospitals Research and Education Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deborah A Schady
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matthew E Pipkin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Mark S Sundrud
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA. .,The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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21
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Perino A, Demagny H, Velazquez-Villegas L, Schoonjans K. Molecular Physiology of Bile Acid Signaling in Health, Disease, and Aging. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:683-731. [PMID: 32790577 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, bile acids (BAs) have become established as important signaling molecules that enable fine-tuned inter-tissue communication from the liver, their site of production, over the intestine, where they are modified by the gut microbiota, to virtually any organ, where they exert their pleiotropic physiological effects. The chemical variety of BAs, to a large extent determined by the gut microbiome, also allows for a complex fine-tuning of adaptive responses in our body. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which BA receptors coordinate several aspects of physiology and highlights new therapeutic strategies for diseases underlying pathological BA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Hadrien Demagny
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Laura Velazquez-Villegas
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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22
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Kunst RF, Niemeijer M, van der Laan LJW, Spee B, van de Graaf SFJ. From fatty hepatocytes to impaired bile flow: Matching model systems for liver biology and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114173. [PMID: 32717228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A large variety of model systems are used in hepatobiliary research. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of established and emerging models for specific research questions. We specifically discuss the value and limitations of these models for research on metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), (previously named non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH)) and cholestasis-related diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The entire range of models is discussed varying from immortalized cell lines, mature or pluripotent stem cell-based models including organoids/spheroids, to animal models and human ex vivo models such as normothermic machine perfusion of livers and living liver slices. Finally, the pros and cons of each model are discussed as well as the need in the scientific community for continuous innovation in model development to better mimic the human (patho)physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni F Kunst
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Niemeijer
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stan F J van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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23
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Nejak-Bowen K. If It Looks Like a Duct and Acts Like a Duct: On the Role of Reprogrammed Hepatocytes in Cholangiopathies. Gene Expr 2020; 20:19-23. [PMID: 31439080 PMCID: PMC7284107 DOI: 10.3727/105221619x15664105014956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiopathies are chronic, progressive diseases of the biliary tree, and can be either acquired or genetic. The primary target is the cholangiocyte (CC), the cell type lining the bile duct that is responsible for bile modification and transport. Despite advances in our understanding and diagnosis of these diseases in recent years, there are no proven therapeutic treatments for the majority of the cholangiopathies, and liver transplantation is the only life-extending treatment option for patients with end-stage cholestatic liver disease. One potential therapeutic strategy is to facilitate endogenous repair of the biliary system, which may alleviate intrahepatic cholestasis caused by these diseases. During biliary injury, hepatocytes (HC) are known to alter their phenotype and acquire CC-like features, a process known as cellular reprogramming. This brief review discusses the potential ways in which reprogrammed HC may contribute to biliary repair, thereby restoring bile flow and reducing the severity of cholangiopathies. Some of these include modifying bile to reduce toxicity, serving as a source of de novo CC to repair the biliary epithelium, or creating new channels to facilitate bile flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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24
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Abdel-Rahman N, Sharawy MH, Megahed N, El-Awady MS. Vitamin D3 abates BDL-induced cholestasis and fibrosis in rats via regulating Hedgehog pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 380:114697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Qu J, Yuan Z, Wang G, Wang X, Li K. The selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 alleviates cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:147-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Ibrahim S, Dayoub R, Krautbauer S, Liebisch G, Wege AK, Melter M, Weiss TS. Bile acid-induced apoptosis and bile acid synthesis are reduced by over-expression of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration (ALR) in a STAT3-dependent mechanism. Exp Cell Res 2019; 374:189-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Ibrahim S, Dayoub R, Melter M, Weiss TS. Bile acids down-regulate the expression of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration (ALR) via SHP/HNF4α1 and independent of Egr-1. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:236-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Zhang J, Guo X, Hamada T, Yokoyama S, Nakamura Y, Zheng J, Kurose N, Ishigaki Y, Uramoto H, Tanimoto A, Yamada S. Protective Effects of Peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) on Cholestatic Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092509. [PMID: 30149550 PMCID: PMC6163182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a critical role in initiating the progression of inflammatory and fibrotic liver diseases, including cholestatic hepatitis. Peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) is a secretory antioxidase that protects against oxidative damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both the intracellular compartments and extracellular space. In this study, we examined the in vivo net effects of PRDX4 overexpression in a murine model of cholestasis. To induce cholestatic liver injury, we subjected C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) or human PRDX4 (hPRDX4) transgenic (Tg) mice to sham or bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery for seven days. Our results showed that the liver necrosis area was significantly suppressed in Tg BDL mice with a reduction in the severity of liver injuries. Furthermore, PRDX4 overexpression markedly reduced local and systemic oxidative stress generated by BDL. In addition, suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, reduced proliferation of hepatocytes and intrahepatic bile ducts, and less fibrosis were also found in the liver of Tg BDL mice, along with a reduced mortality rate after BDL surgery. Interestingly, the composition of the hepatic bile acids (BAs) was more beneficial for Tg BDL mice than for WT BDL mice, suggesting that PRDX4 overexpression may affect BA metabolism during cholestasis. These features indicate that PRDX4 plays an important role in protecting against liver injury following BDL and might be a promising therapeutic modality for cholestatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Taiji Hamada
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Seiya Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Jianbo Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Nozomu Kurose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
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29
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Fiorucci S, Biagioli M, Zampella A, Distrutti E. Bile Acids Activated Receptors Regulate Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1853. [PMID: 30150987 PMCID: PMC6099188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Once known exclusively for their role in nutrients absorption, primary bile acids, chenodeoxycholic and cholic acid, and secondary bile acids, deoxycholic and lithocholic acid, are signaling molecules, generated from cholesterol breakdown by the interaction of the host and intestinal microbiota, acting on several receptors including the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1 or Takeda G-protein receptor 5) and the Farnesoid-X-Receptor (FXR). Both receptors are placed at the interface of the host immune system with the intestinal microbiota and are highly represented in cells of innate immunity such as intestinal and liver macrophages, dendritic cells and natural killer T cells. Here, we review how GPBAR1 and FXR modulate the intestinal and liver innate immune system and contribute to the maintenance of a tolerogenic phenotype in entero-hepatic tissues, and how regulation of innate immunity might help to explain beneficial effects exerted by GPBAR1 and FXR ligands in immune and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Paternal cholestasis exacerbates obesity-associated hypertension in male offspring but is prevented by paternal ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:319-330. [PMID: 29795465 PMCID: PMC6124644 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a heterogeneous phenotype and risk associations to non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are influenced by several factors. The paternal metabolic status at the time of conception influences offspring susceptibility to developing obesity and adiposity-associated cardiometabolic disease. Cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by raised circulating serum bile acid levels and dyslipidemia, and are commonly treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). We hypothesized that paternal cholestasis alters offspring susceptibility to developing obesity and adiposity-associated cardiometabolic disease and that this may be modified by paternal UDCA treatment. Methods: Cholestasis was induced in male C57BL/6 mice with a 0.5% cholic acid (CA)-supplemented diet for 10 weeks prior to mating with normal chow (NC)-fed females. Offspring of cholestatic and NC-fed fathers were fed either a NC diet or challenged with an obesogenic ‘western diet’ (WD) from 12 weeks of age. Offspring body weight and cardiometabolic function were assessed, and the impact of treatment of paternal cholestasis with UDCA was evaluated. Results: Male offspring (18 weeks old) of cholestatic fathers challenged with WD had raised fasting insulin, hepatic triglyceride content and serum cholesterol levels compared to diet-matched controls. At 25–29 weeks of age, WD-fed male offspring of cholestatic fathers had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than controls and this was prevented by paternal UDCA treatment. In contrast, WD-challenged female offspring of cholestatic fathers showed improved glucose tolerance compared to controls. Conclusions: We demonstrated in our model of paternal cholestasis that offspring susceptibility to adiposity-associated cardiometabolic disease is affected in a sex-specific manner and paternal UDCA treatment had a protective effect against hypertension in the obese male offspring. The most prevalent human cholestatic conditions are primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis. These findings are of clinical relevance to children of men with these conditions.
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31
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Chenodeoxycholic acid activates NLRP3 inflammasome and contributes to cholestatic liver fibrosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83951-83963. [PMID: 27924062 PMCID: PMC5356637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids in the liver contributes to cholestatic liver injury. Inflammation induced by excessive bile acids is believed to play a crucial role, however, the mechanisms of bile acids triggered inflammatory response remain unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating liver inflammation and fibrosis. In this study, we for the first time showed that chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), the major hydrophobic primary bile acid involved in cholestatic liver injury, could dose-dependently induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine-IL-1β in macrophages by promoting ROS production and K+ efflux. Mechanistically, CDCA triggered ROS formation in part through TGR5/EGFR downstream signaling, including protein kinase B, extracellular regulated protein kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways. Meanwhile, CDCA also induced ATP release from macrophages which subsequently causes K+ efflux via P2X7 receptor. Furthermore, in vivo inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome with caspase-1 inhibitor dramatically decreased mature IL-1β level of liver tissue and ameliorated liver fibrosis in bile duct ligation (BDL) mouse model. In conclusion, excessive CDCA may represent an endogenous danger signal to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and initiate liver inflammation during cholestasis. Our finding offers a mechanistic basis to ameliorate cholestatic liver fibrosis by targeting inflammasome activation.
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32
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Cao W, Kayama H, Chen ML, Delmas A, Sun A, Kim SY, Rangarajan ES, McKevitt K, Beck AP, Jackson CB, Crynen G, Oikonomopoulos A, Lacey PN, Martinez GJ, Izard T, Lorenz RG, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F, Abreu MT, Hommes DW, Koralov SB, Takeda K, Sundrud MS. The Xenobiotic Transporter Mdr1 Enforces T Cell Homeostasis in the Presence of Intestinal Bile Acids. Immunity 2017; 47:1182-1196.e10. [PMID: 29262351 PMCID: PMC5741099 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are tightly regulated by microbiota in the intestine, but whether intestinal T cells interface with host-derived metabolites is less clear. Here, we show that CD4+ T effector (Teff) cells upregulated the xenobiotic transporter, Mdr1, in the ileum to maintain homeostasis in the presence of bile acids. Whereas wild-type Teff cells upregulated Mdr1 in the ileum, those lacking Mdr1 displayed mucosal dysfunction and induced Crohn's disease-like ileitis following transfer into Rag1-/- hosts. Mdr1 mitigated oxidative stress and enforced homeostasis in Teff cells exposed to conjugated bile acids (CBAs), a class of liver-derived emulsifying agents that actively circulate through the ileal mucosa. Blocking ileal CBA reabsorption in transferred Rag1-/- mice restored Mdr1-deficient Teff cell homeostasis and attenuated ileitis. Further, a subset of ileal Crohn's disease patients displayed MDR1 loss of function. Together, these results suggest that coordinated interaction between mucosal Teff cells and CBAs in the ileum regulate intestinal immune homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/immunology
- Acridines/pharmacology
- Adult
- Animals
- Bile Acids and Salts/immunology
- Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
- Bile Acids and Salts/pharmacology
- Biological Transport
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Crohn Disease/genetics
- Crohn Disease/immunology
- Crohn Disease/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/immunology
- Homeostasis/immunology
- Humans
- Ileitis/genetics
- Ileitis/immunology
- Ileitis/pathology
- Ileum/immunology
- Ileum/pathology
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Middle Aged
- Oxidative Stress
- Signal Transduction
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hisako Kayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mei Lan Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Amber Delmas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Amy Sun
- Department of Pathology , New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Rodent Genetic Engineering Core , New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Erumbi S Rangarajan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Kelly McKevitt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Cody B Jackson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Gogce Crynen
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Angelos Oikonomopoulos
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Precious N Lacey
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gustavo J Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Tina Izard
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Robin G Lorenz
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniel W Hommes
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology , New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mark S Sundrud
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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Proungvitaya S, Sombattheera S, Boonsiri P, Limpaiboon T, Wongkham S, Wongkham C, Titapun A, Proungvitaya T. Diagnostic value of serum bile acid composition patterns and serum glycocholic acid levels in cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4943-4948. [PMID: 29085505 PMCID: PMC5649624 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer of biliary epithelial cell origin, which is prevalent in northeastern Thailand. The majority of patients with CCA are diagnosed at the advanced-stage of the disease. Although the early detection and diagnosis of CCA is critical to improve the prognosis of patients, there are presently no specific tumor markers for CCA. A previous study demonstrated that the total serum bile acid (TSBA) levels of patients with CCA are significantly increased, compared with those of healthy controls. In addition, although statistically insignificant, the TSBA levels in the sera of patients with CCA tended to be increased, as compared with the sera of patients with benign biliary disease (BBD). In the present study, the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) patterns of bile acid composition were compared in the sera of patients with CCA, patients with BBD and normal controls. The results revealed that serum bile acid patterns in patients with CCA varied, compared with those in patients with BBD and normal controls. As hypothesized, glycocholic acid (GCA) levels in the sera of patients with CCA and BBD were high, compared with those in healthy controls. In addition, GCA levels in the sera of patients with CCA tended to be higher, as compared with patients with BBD; however, this result was not statistically significant. Therefore, determination of the bile acid patterns and GCA levels in sera using HPLC is feasible, and may aid the diagnosis of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Proungvitaya
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sutthikan Sombattheera
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Boonsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Temduang Limpaiboon
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Proungvitaya
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Okabe H, Yang J, Sylakowski K, Yovchev M, Miyagawa Y, Nagarajan S, Chikina M, Thompson M, Oertel M, Baba H, Monga SP, Nejak-Bowen KN. Wnt signaling regulates hepatobiliary repair following cholestatic liver injury in mice. Hepatology 2016; 64:1652-1666. [PMID: 27533619 PMCID: PMC5074849 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic repair is directed chiefly by the proliferation of resident mature epithelial cells. Furthermore, if predominant injury is to cholangiocytes, the hepatocytes can transdifferentiate to cholangiocytes to assist in the repair and vice versa, as shown by various fate-tracing studies. However, the molecular bases of reprogramming remain elusive. Using two models of biliary injury where repair occurs through cholangiocyte proliferation and hepatocyte transdifferentiation to cholangiocytes, we identify an important role of Wnt signaling. First we identify up-regulation of specific Wnt proteins in the cholangiocytes. Next, using conditional knockouts of Wntless and Wnt coreceptors low-density lipoprotein-related protein 5/6, transgenic mice expressing stable β-catenin, and in vitro studies, we show a role of Wnt signaling through β-catenin in hepatocyte to biliary transdifferentiation. Last, we show that specific Wnts regulate cholangiocyte proliferation, but in a β-catenin-independent manner. CONCLUSION Wnt signaling regulates hepatobiliary repair after cholestatic injury in both β-catenin-dependent and -independent manners. (Hepatology 2016;64:1652-1666).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Okabe
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kyle Sylakowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mladen Yovchev
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yoshitaka Miyagawa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shanmugam Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Michael Oertel
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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35
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Nuño-Lámbarri N, Barbero-Becerra VJ, Uribe M, Chávez-Tapia NC. Elevated cholesterol levels have a poor prognosis in a cholestasis scenario. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 31:1-6. [PMID: 27517733 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis results from defective bile flow through the biliary ducts leading to the accumulation of bile acids (BAs) in hepatocytes and serum. It has been seen that cholestasis is associated with hypercholesterolemia, which is a prerequisite for gallstone formation and primary biliary cirrhosis, being some of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in Western societies. Cytotoxic BAs induce proinflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in hepatocytes, whereas cytoprotective BAs prevent them; they can also modify the plasmatic membrane structure of cells or mitochondrial outer membrane properties as well as the distribution of cholesterol, altering various proteins involved in BAs homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nuño-Lámbarri
- Traslational Research Unit, Médica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Toriello guerra tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Varenka J Barbero-Becerra
- Traslational Research Unit, Médica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Toriello guerra tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Misael Uribe
- Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Médica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Toriello guerra tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norberto C Chávez-Tapia
- Traslational Research Unit, Médica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Toriello guerra tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico.,Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Médica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Toriello guerra tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico
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36
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Liu Q, Li BS, Song YJ, Hu MG, Lu JY, Gao A, Sun XJ, Guo XM, Liu R. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in mice with obstructive jaundice. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3588-96. [PMID: 26936224 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that hydrogen-rich saline (HS) protects against bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. Mitochondria, which are targets of excessive reactive oxygen species and central mediators of apoptosis, have a pivotal role in hepatic injury during obstructive jaundice (OJ); however, the implications of HS in the hepatic mitochondria of BDL mice remain unknown. The present study investigated the hypothesis that HS could reduce OJ‑induced liver injury through the protection of mitochondrial structure and function, as well as inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups: Sham operation group, BDL injury with normal saline (NS) treatment group, and BDL‑injury with HS treatment group. Mitochondrial damage and apoptotic parameters were determined 3 days post‑BDL injury and treatment. The results demonstrated that mitochondria isolated from the livers of NS-treated BDL mice exhibited increased mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, and oxidative damage. In addition, liver samples from NS‑treated BDL mice exhibited significant increases in B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein expression, caspase activities, and hepatocyte apoptosis compared with livers from sham‑operated controls. Notably, treatment with HS reduced the levels of these markers and alleviated morphological defects in the mitochondria following injury. In addition, HS markedly increased the antioxidant potential of mitochondria, as evidenced by elevated adenosine triphosphate levels, mitochondrial respiratory function, and increased levels of active Bcl‑2. In conclusion, HS attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction, and inhibits mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in the livers of BDL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Shan Li
- Department of General Surgery, People's Liberation Army No. 254 Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300141, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jiao Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Gen Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yue Lu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Liberation Army No. 254 Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300141, P.R. China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, People's Liberation Army No. 254 Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300141, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Ming Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Abstract
Methods of liver fibrosis assessment have changed considerably in the last 20 years, and noninvasive markers now have been recognized as major first-line tools in the management of patients with chronic viral hepatitis infection. But what about the efficiency and utility of these surrogate indices for the more uncommon chronic cholestatic liver diseases, namely primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis? This article provides clinicians with a global overview of what is currently known in the field. Both diagnostic and prognostic aspects of noninvasive markers of fibrosis in cholestatic liver diseases are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Corpechot
- Hepatology Department, Reference Center for Chronic Inflammatory Biliary Diseases (MIVB), French Network for Childhood and Adult Rare Liver Diseases (FILFOIE), Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France; Inserm UMR_S938, Faculty of Medicine Pierre et Marie Curie, Saint-Antoine Site, Paris 6 University, 27 rue de Chaligny, Paris 75012, France.
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38
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Noor F. A shift in paradigm towards human biology-based systems for cholestatic-liver diseases. J Physiol 2015; 593:5043-55. [PMID: 26417843 DOI: 10.1113/jp271124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic-liver diseases (CLDs) arise from diverse causes ranging from genetic factors to drug-induced cholestasis. The so-called diseases of civilization (obesity, diabetes, metabolic disorders, non-alcoholic liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, etc.) are intricately implicated in liver and gall bladder diseases. Although CLDs have been extensively studied, there seem to be important gaps in the understanding of human disease. Despite the fact that many animal models exist and substantial clinical data are available, translation of this knowledge towards therapy has been disappointingly limited. Recent advances in liver cell culture such as in vivo-like 3D cultivation of human primary hepatic cells, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes; and cutting-edge analytical techniques such as 'omics' technologies and high-content screenings could play a decisive role in deeper mechanistic understanding of CLDs. This Topical Review proposes a roadmap to human biology-based research using omics technologies providing quantitative information on mechanisms in an adverse outcome/disease pathway framework. With modern sensitive tools, a shift in paradigm in human disease research seems timely and even inevitable to overcome species barriers in translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Noor
- Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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39
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Kim HG, Han JM, Lee JS, Lee JS, Son CG. Ethyl acetate fraction of Amomum xanthioides improves bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis of rat model via modulation of pro-fibrogenic cytokines. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14531. [PMID: 26412144 PMCID: PMC4585957 DOI: 10.1038/srep14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated anti-hepatofibrotic effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Ammomum xanthoides (EFAX) using bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatic fibrosis in a rat model. Male SD rats (6 weeks old) underwent BDL followed by 15 days of orall administration of EFAX (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg) or ursodeoxycholic acid (25 mg/kg). BDL caused animal death, ascites formation, alterations in serum biochemistries, and severe hepatic injury with excessive collagen deposition, whereas EFAX treatment significantly attenuated these effects. BDL markedly increased the pro-fibrogenic cytokines (TGF-β, PDGF-β, and CTGF) and the extracellular matrix indicators α-SMA, TIMP-1 and collagen type 1 in hepatic proteins and gene expression levels, which were notably normalized by EFAX treatment. EFAX also markedly normalized pro-fibrogenic signaling molecules including Smad2/3, Smad7, Akt, p44/42, and p38. We further explored EFAX mechanisms of actions using LX-2 cells (human derived hepatic stellate cell line). Pre-treatment with EFAX drastically attenuated the activation of α-SMA and Smad2/3, which are downstream molecules of TGF-β. These findings suggest that EFAX may be a potent anti-hepatofibrotic agent, and its corresponding mechanisms primarily involve the modulation of pro-fibrogenic cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-724, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Han
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-724, South Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-724, South Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- GyeongGi Bio-Center, GSTEP, 864-1 Iui-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-724, South Korea
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Swertianlarin, an Herbal Agent Derived from Swertia mussotii Franch, Attenuates Liver Injury, Inflammation, and Cholestasis in Common Bile Duct-Ligated Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:948376. [PMID: 26273316 PMCID: PMC4530240 DOI: 10.1155/2015/948376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Swertianlarin is an herbal agent abundantly distributed in Swertia mussotii Franch, a Chinese traditional herb used for treatment of jaundice. To study the therapeutic effect of swertianlarin on cholestasis, liver injury, serum proinflammatory cytokines, and bile salt concentrations were measured by comparing rats treated with swertianlarin 100 mg/kg/d or saline for 3, 7, or 14 days after bile duct ligation (BDL). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ATL) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly decreased in BDL rats treated with swertianlarin for 14 days (P < 0.05). The reduced liver injury in BDL rats by swertianlarin treatment for 14 days was further confirmed by liver histopathology. Levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were decreased by swertianlarin in BDL rats for 3 and 7 days (P < 0.05). Moreover, reductions in serum interleukins IL-1β and IL-6 levels were also observed in BDL rats treated with swertianlarin (P < 0.05). In addition, most of serum toxic bile salt concentrations (e.g., chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA)) in cholestatic rats were decreased by swertianlarin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the data suggest that swertianlarin derived from Swertia mussotii Franch attenuates liver injury, inflammation, and cholestasis in bile duct-ligated rats.
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Abstract
Primary care physicians are often the first healthcare professionals to see abnormalities that show up in routine serum liver testing--results that may indicate liver disease. In this article, Drs Mallory, Lee, and Kowdley offer a practical approach to evaluating abnormal levels of markers of hepatocellular injury, cholestasis, and liver synthetic function. They also explore the considerations that might prompt physicians to request a liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Mallory
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Chen Z, Ma X, Zhao Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang R, Zhu Y, Wang L, Xiao X. Yinchenhao decoction in the treatment of cholestasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 168:208-216. [PMID: 25849734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yinchenhao decoction, a well-known Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used in Chinese Medicine for thousands of years. However, no systematic review of Yinchenhao decoction in treating cholestasis has been completed. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Yinchenhao decoction in treating cholestasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Database, Wanfang database, VIP medicine information system and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched from the databases' inception through November 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Yinchenhao decoction reported in publications for treatment of cholestasis were extracted by two reviewers. The RCTs examined included total efficacy rate and biochemical indices including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL). The Cochrane tool was applied to assess the risk of bias of the trials. The main outcomes of the trials were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software. The odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the effect. RESULTS Among the 698 studies identified in the literature search, 15 studies involving 1405 subjects with cholestasis were included in the analysis. Yinchenhao decoction demonstrated efficacy in cholestasis treatment whether in a combined application or not. Additionally, the decoction significantly reduced the elevated levels of cholestasis serum markers, such as ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL, with a significant difference observed in short and long curative time periods. Remarkably, Yinchenhao decoction displayed a significant efficacy in treating the long-term disease. CONCLUSION No serious adverse event was reported. This meta-analysis provides evidence that Yinchenhao decoction is an effective and safe treatment for cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Bell LN, Wulff J, Comerford M, Vuppalanchi R, Chalasani N. Serum metabolic signatures of primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver Int 2015; 35:263-74. [PMID: 25181933 PMCID: PMC4293304 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A greater understanding of cholestatic disease is necessary to advance diagnostic tools and therapeutic options for conditions such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the serum metabolomes of patients with PBC (n = 18) or PSC (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 10) and to identify metabolites that may differentiate these two cholestatic diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a mass spectrometry-based, non-targeted biochemical profiling approach, we identified 420 serum metabolites, 101 that differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) between PBC and control groups, 115 that differed significantly between PSC and control groups, and 56 that differed significantly between PSC and PBC groups. Random forest classification analysis was able to distinguish patients with PBC or PSC with 95% accuracy with selected biochemicals reflective of protein and amino acid metabolism identified as the major contributors. Metabolites related to bile acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation were also identified as differing significantly when comparing the disease groups and controls, with some of these pathways differentially affected in the PBC and PSC groups. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified novel metabolic changes associated with cholestatic disease that were both consistent and different between PBC and PSC. Validation studies in larger patient cohorts are required to determine the utility of these biochemical markers for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of patients with PBC and PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Megan Comerford
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Raj Vuppalanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Costa ELDO, Petroianu A, Azevedo Júnior GMD. Influence of distal ileum exclusion on hepatic and renal functions in presence of extrahepatic cholestasis. Rev Col Bras Cir 2014; 41:112-6. [PMID: 24918724 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912014000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify whether the ileal exclusion interferes with liver and kidney functional changes secondary to extrahepatic cholestasis. METHODS We studied 24 rats, divided into three groups with eight individuals each: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (ligation of the hepatic duct combined with internal biliary drainage), and Group 3 (bile duct ligation combined with internal biliary drainage and exclusion of the terminal ileum). Animals in Group 1 (control) underwent sham laparotomy. The animals of groups 2 and 3 underwent ligation and section of the hepatic duct and were kept in cholestasis for four weeks. Next, they underwent an internal biliary bypass. In Group 3, besides the biliary-enteric bypass, we associated the exclusion of the last ten centimeters of the terminal ileum and carried out an ileocolic anastomosis. After four weeks of monitoring, blood was collected from all animals of the three groups for liver and kidney biochemical evaluation (albumin, ALT, AST, direct and indirect bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, cGT, creatinine and urea). RESULTS there were increased values of ALT, AST, direct bilirubin, cGT, creatinine and urea in rats from Group 3 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION ileal exclusion worsened liver and kidney functions in the murine model of extrahepatic cholestasis, being disadvantageous as therapeutic procedure for cholestatic disorders.
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Ma X, Wang J, He X, Zhao Y, Wang J, Zhang P, Zhu Y, Zhong L, Zheng Q, Xiao X. Large dosage of chishao in formulae for cholestatic hepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:328152. [PMID: 24987427 PMCID: PMC4060395 DOI: 10.1155/2014/328152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of large dosage of Chishao in formulae for treatment of cholestatic hepatitis. Methods. The major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Database Wanfang, VIP medicine information system, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched until January 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of large dosage of Chishao in formulae that reported on publications in treatment of cholestatic hepatitis with total efficacy rate, together with the biochemical indices including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL), were extracted by two reviewers. The Cochrane tool was used for the assessment of risk of bias included trials. Data were analyzed with RevMan 5.2.7 software. Results. 11 RCTs involving 1275 subjects with cholestatic hepatitis were included. Compared with essential therapy, large dosage of Chishao in formulae demonstrated more efficiently with down regulation of serum ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL. Meanwhile, there were no obvious adverse events. Conclusion. As a promising novel treatment approach, widely using large dosage of Chishao in formulae may enhance the curative efficacy for cholestatic hepatitis. Considering being accepted by more and more practitioners, further rigorously designed clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Quanfu Zheng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
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Tian C, Zhang T, Wang L, Shan Q, Jiang L. The hepatoprotective effect and chemical constituents of total iridoids and xanthones extracted from Swertia mussotii Franch. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:259-266. [PMID: 24746481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Total iridoids and xanthones (TIXS) were extracted from Swertia mussotii Franch, one of the most important eight Tibetan medicines in China, which was recorded in the book of Jingzhu Bencao and used for clinical treatment of cholestatic hepatitis for many years. Our aim was to study the hepatoprotective effect and chemical constituents of the TIXS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crude extracts were prepared using 90% ethanol, and individual fractions were collected following HPD-300 macroporous resin column chromatography. HPLC/MS was applied to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the TIXS. Then, the alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate-induced liver damage model was used to assess the hepatoprotective effect of the TIXS. RESULTS A total of 12 compounds were identified by the fingerprint chromatography of the TIXS, and swertiamarin and swertianolin were shown to be its two main components. Oral administration of the TIXS at a dose of 35, 70 or 140 mg kg(-1), swertiamarin at a dose of 20 mg kg(-1) or swertianolin at a dose of 20 mg kg(-1), for 7 days in mice significantly reduced the alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate-induced levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and the total and direct bilirubins, and increased the bile flow (P<0.01). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the TIXS exhibits significant hepatoprotective effect in the liver damage model induced by alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate. Its active constituents include swertiamarin and swertianolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwang Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qi Shan
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Linghuo Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Woolbright BL, Antoine DJ, Jenkins RE, Bajt ML, Park BK, Jaeschke H. Plasma biomarkers of liver injury and inflammation demonstrate a lack of apoptosis during obstructive cholestasis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:524-31. [PMID: 24096036 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a pathological common component of numerous liver diseases that results in hepatotoxicity, inflammation, and cirrhosis when untreated. While the predominant hypothesis in cholestatic liver injury remains hepatocyte apoptosis due to direct toxicity of hydrophobic bile acid exposure, recent work suggests that the injury occurs through inflammatory necrosis. In order to resolve this controversy, we used novel plasma biomarkers to assess the mechanisms of cell death during early cholestatic liver injury. C57Bl/6 mice underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) for 6-72 h, or sham operation. Another group of mice were given d-galactosamine and endotoxin as a positive control for apoptosis and inflammatory necrosis. Plasma levels of full length cytokeratin-18 (FL-K18), microRNA-122 (miR-122) and high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) increased progressively after BDL with peak levels observed after 48 h. These results indicate extensive cell necrosis after BDL, which is supported by the time course of plasma alanine aminotransferase activities and histology. In contrast, plasma caspase-3 activity, cleaved caspase-3 protein and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 fragments (cK18) were not elevated at any time during BDL suggesting the absence of apoptosis. In contrast, all plasma biomarkers of necrosis and apoptosis were elevated 6 h after Gal/End treatment. In addition, acetylated HMGB1, a marker for macrophage and monocyte activation, was increased as early as 12 h but mainly at 48-72 h. However, progressive neutrophil accumulation in the area of necrosis started at 6h after BDL. In conclusion, these data indicate that early cholestatic liver injury in mice is an inflammatory event, and occurs through necrosis with little evidence for apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Kim HG, Han JM, Lee HW, Lee JS, Son SW, Choi MK, Lee DS, Wang JH, Son CG. CGX, a multiple herbal drug, improves cholestatic liver fibrosis in a bile duct ligation-induced rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:653-662. [PMID: 23228913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE CGX is a modification of a traditional herbal medicine that has been used for various liver disorders as a meaning of "cleaning the liver". The cholestatic liver disorders become prevalent. BACK GROUND AND AIM: This study aimed to investigate the anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of CGX and its underlying mechanisms in a rat model of bile duct ligation (BDL). MATERIALS AND METHODS BDL was conducted in SD rats except shame operation group. The rats were orally administrated with distilled water, CGX (25 or 50 mg/kg) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 25 mg/kg) for two weeks. The pharmaceutical effects and mechanisms were analyzed in histopathology, biochemistry, oxidative stress/antioxidant biomarkers and hepatic fibrogenic cytokines levels. RESULTS BDL markedly elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts as well as changed subset proportions such as increased neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes in peripheral blood. BDL drastically elevated the serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and hepatic tissue levels of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde (MDA), while it reduced the total glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of GSH-redox system enzymes such as GSH-peroxidase, GSH-reductase and GSH-S-transferase. These alterations were significantly attenuated by CGX treatment (mainly 50 mg/kg). CGX treatment normalized both the accumulation of collagen in hepatic tissue and the increased levels of profibrogenic cytokine including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Moreover, CGX treatment enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) expression compare to the BDL group at the protein and gene level. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CGX exerts anti-hepatofibrotic effect in rat BDL model, and the responsible mechanisms involve the inhibition of hepatic fibrogenic cytokines and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-724, Republic of Korea
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Michaud M, Gaudin C, Brechemier D, Moulis G, Astudillo L, Lavialle-Guillotreau V, Balardy L. [Reynolds syndrome revealing a malignant thymoma]. Rev Med Interne 2012; 34:171-3. [PMID: 23218067 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2012.10.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thymomas, benign or malignant, may be associated with autoimmune diseases. They are classically associated with myasthenia gravis, neuromyotonia, or pure red cell aplasia. CASE REPORT We here report, to the best of our knowledge, the first description of an association between thymoma and Reynolds syndrome (systemic sclerosis associated with primary biliary cirrhosis) in an 80-year-old woman. CONCLUSION The suspected pathogenesis of this association could be a thymus escape of auto-reactive T lymphocytes and the consecutive development of an auto-immune disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michaud
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital de Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Aktas C, Kanter M, Erboga M, Mete R, Oran M. Melatonin attenuates oxidative stress, liver damage and hepatocyte apoptosis after bile-duct ligation in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:835-44. [PMID: 23095487 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712464811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of melatonin against cholestatic oxidative stress, liver damage and hepatocyte apoptosis in the common rats with bile duct ligation (BDL). A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, BDL and BDL + received melatonin; each group contains eight animals. Melatonin-treated BDL rats received daily melatonin 100 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injection. The application of BDL clearly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities. Melatonin treatment significantly decreased the elevated tissue MDA levels and increased the reduced SOD and GSH enzyme levels in the tissues. The changes demonstrate that the bile duct proliferation and fibrosis in expanded portal tracts include the extension of proliferated bile ducts into lobules, mononuclear cells and neutrophil infiltration into the widened portal areas as observed in the BDL group. The data indicate that melatonin attenuates BDL-induced cholestatic liver injury, bile duct proliferation and fibrosis. The α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in the BDL were observed to be reduced with the melatonin treatment. These results suggest that administration of melatonin is a potentially beneficial agent to reduce liver damage in BDL by decreasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cevat Aktas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kanter
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erboga
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Trakya, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Rafet Mete
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Oran
- Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
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