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Bruno F, Camuso S, Capuozzo E, Canterini S. The Antifungal Antibiotic Filipin as a Diagnostic Tool of Cholesterol Alterations in Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010122. [PMID: 36671323 PMCID: PMC9855188 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is the most considerable member of a family of polycyclic compounds understood as sterols, and represents an amphipathic molecule, such as phospholipids, with the polar hydroxyl group located in position 3 and the rest of the molecule is completely hydrophobic. In cells, it is usually present as free, unesterified cholesterol, or as esterified cholesterol, in which the hydroxyl group binds to a carboxylic acid and thus generates an apolar molecule. Filipin is a naturally fluorescent antibiotic that exerts a primary antifungal effect with low antibacterial activity, interfering with the sterol stabilization of the phospholipid layers and favoring membrane leakage. This polyene macrolide antibiotic does not bind to esterified sterols, but only to non-esterified cholesterol, and it is commonly used as a marker to label and quantify free cholesterol in cells and tissues. Several lines of evidence have indicated that filipin staining could be a good diagnostic tool for the cholesterol alterations present in neurodegenerative (e.g., Alzheimer's Disease and Huntington Disease) and lysosomal storage diseases (e.g., Niemann Pick type C Disease and GM1 gangliosidosis). Here, we have discussed the uses and applications of this fluorescent molecule in lipid storage diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, exploring not only the diagnostic strength of filipin staining, but also its limitations, which over the years have led to the development of new diagnostic tools to combine with filipin approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Serena Camuso
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Capuozzo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (S.C.)
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Enyong EN, Gurley JM, De Ieso ML, Stamer WD, Elliott MH. Caveolar and non-Caveolar Caveolin-1 in ocular homeostasis and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101094. [PMID: 35729002 PMCID: PMC9669151 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae, specialized plasma membrane invaginations present in most cell types, play important roles in multiple cellular processes including cell signaling, lipid uptake and metabolism, endocytosis and mechanotransduction. They are found in almost all cell types but most abundant in endothelial cells, adipocytes and fibroblasts. Caveolin-1 (Cav1), the signature structural protein of caveolae was the first protein associated with caveolae, and in association with Cavin1/PTRF is required for caveolae formation. Genetic ablation of either Cav1 or Cavin1/PTRF downregulates expression of the other resulting in loss of caveolae. Studies using Cav1-deficient mouse models have implicated caveolae with human diseases such as cardiomyopathies, lipodystrophies, diabetes and muscular dystrophies. While caveolins and caveolae are extensively studied in extra-ocular settings, their contributions to ocular function and disease pathogenesis are just beginning to be appreciated. Several putative caveolin/caveolae functions are relevant to the eye and Cav1 is highly expressed in retinal vascular and choroidal endothelium, Müller glia, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the Schlemm's canal endothelium and trabecular meshwork cells. Variants at the CAV1/2 gene locus are associated with risk of primary open angle glaucoma and the high risk HTRA1 variant for age-related macular degeneration is thought to exert its effect through regulation of Cav1 expression. Caveolins also play important roles in modulating retinal neuroinflammation and blood retinal barrier permeability. In this article, we describe the current state of caveolin/caveolae research in the context of ocular function and pathophysiology. Finally, we discuss new evidence showing that retinal Cav1 exists and functions outside caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Enyong
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jami M Gurley
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael L De Ieso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Shiraseb F, Farazi M, Rasaei N, Clark CCT, Jamili S, Mirzaei K. The interaction between rs 3,807,992 genotypes with the dietary inflammatory index on Leptin, Leptin resistance, and Galectin 3 in obese and overweight women. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:237. [PMID: 36151575 PMCID: PMC9508720 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is related to increasing leptin and some inflammatory factors that are associated with low-grade inflammation. Moreover, several studies have shown Caveolin-1 (CAV1) genetic variations may be associated with dietary intake. The current study aimed to evaluate the interaction of CAV1 rs3807992 with types of the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (EDII) in leptin, leptin resistance, and Galectin 3, as inflammatory factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 363 overweight and obese females. Dietary intake and DII were obtained from a 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The CAV-1 genotype was measured using the PCR-RFLP method. Anthropometric values and serum levels of leptin and Galectin 3 were measured by standard methods. RESULTS Increased adherence to EDII in the interaction with CAV1 genotypes led to an increase in leptin level 79.15 (mg/l) (β = 79.15, CI = - 1.23,163.94, P = 0.04) in model 3, after controlling for further potential confounders. By contrast, adherence to EDII in the interaction with the genotype including risk alleles showed no significant interaction, even after adjustment in model 3 (β = 0.55, CI = - 0.99, 2.09, P = 0.48). Although, a marginal positive significant interaction was found between EDII and CAV1 genotypes on Galectin 3, after adjustment in model 3 (β = 31.35, CI = 0.13, 77.13, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that a high adherence of EDII and CAV1 genotypes containing risk alleles may be a prognostic factor and increase both leptin and Galectin3. However, it seems that the presence of interaction was not on leptin resistance. Further functional studies are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O.Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mena Farazi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O.Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O.Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Shahin Jamili
- General Surgeon (Fellowship of Minimally Invasive Surgery), Department of Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O.Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Buwaneka P, Ralko A, Liu SL, Cho W. Evaluation of the available cholesterol concentration in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100084. [PMID: 33964305 PMCID: PMC8178126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of the mammalian plasma membrane involved in diverse cellular processes. Our recent quantitative imaging analysis using ratiometric cholesterol sensors showed that the available cholesterol concentration in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (IPM) is low in unstimulated cells and increased in a stimulus-specific manner to trigger cell signaling events. However, the transbilayer distribution of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells remains controversial. Here we report a systematic and rigorous evaluation of basal IPM cholesterol levels in a wide range of mammalian cells with different properties employing cholesterol sensors derived from the D4 domain of the Perfringolysin O toxin and a sterol-transfer protein, Osh4. Results consistently showed that, although basal IPM cholesterol levels vary significantly among cells, they remain significantly lower than cholesterol levels in the outer leaflets. We found that IPM cholesterol levels were particularly low in all tested primary cells. These results support the universality of the low basal IPM cholesterol concentration under physiological conditions. We also report here the presence of sequestered IPM cholesterol pools, which may become available to cytosolic proteins under certain physiological conditions. We hypothesize that these pools may partly account for the low basal level of available IPM cholesterol. In conclusion, we provide new experimental data that confirm the asymmetric transbilayer distribution of the plasma membrane cholesterol, which may contribute to regulation of various cellular signaling processes at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawanthi Buwaneka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arthur Ralko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wonhwa Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Buwa N, Mazumdar D, Balasubramanian N. Caveolin1 Tyrosine-14 Phosphorylation: Role in Cellular Responsiveness to Mechanical Cues. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:509-534. [PMID: 33089394 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a dynamic lipid bilayer that engages with the extracellular microenvironment and intracellular cytoskeleton. Caveolae are distinct plasma membrane invaginations lined by integral membrane proteins Caveolin1, 2, and 3. Caveolae formation and stability is further supported by additional proteins including Cavin1, EHD2, Pacsin2 and ROR1. The lipid composition of caveolar membranes, rich in cholesterol and phosphatidylserine, actively contributes to caveolae formation and function. Post-translational modifications of Cav1, including its phosphorylation of the tyrosine-14 residue (pY14Cav1) are vital to its function in and out of caveolae. Cells that experience significant mechanical stress are seen to have abundant caveolae. They play a vital role in regulating cellular signaling and endocytosis, which could further affect the abundance and distribution of caveolae at the PM, contributing to sensing and/or buffering mechanical stress. Changes in membrane tension in cells responding to multiple mechanical stimuli affects the organization and function of caveolae. These mechanical cues regulate pY14Cav1 levels and function in caveolae and focal adhesions. This review, along with looking at the mechanosensitive nature of caveolae, focuses on the role of pY14Cav1 in regulating cellular mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Buwa
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Debasmita Mazumdar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Nagaraj Balasubramanian
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.
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Zimnicka AM, Chen Z, Toth PT, Minshall RD. Live-Cell FRET Imaging of Phosphorylation-Dependent Caveolin-1 Switch. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2169:71-80. [PMID: 32548820 PMCID: PMC9828887 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0732-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The detection of dynamic conformational changes in proteins in live cells is challenging. Live-cell FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) is an example of a noninvasive technique that can be used to achieve this goal at nanometer resolution. FRET-based assays are dependent on the presence of fluorescent probes, such as CFP- and YFP-conjugated protein pairs. Here, we describe an experimental protocol in which live-cell FRET was used to measure conformational changes in caveolin-1 (Cav-1) oligomers on the surface of plasmalemma vesicles, or caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Zimnicka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhenlong Chen
- Department of and Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter T Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Research Resources Center Fluorescence Imaging Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of and Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Bódi I, Felföldi B, Minkó K, Benyeda Z, Nagy N, Kiss AL, Palya V, Oláh I. Effect of IBDV infection on the interfollicular epithelium of chicken bursa of Fabricius. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3464-3470. [PMID: 30481345 PMCID: PMC7107266 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the chicken bursa of Fabricius (BF), the interfollicular epithelium (IFE) consists of cylindrical- and cuboidal-shaped cells. Among the cylindrical-shaped epithelial cells, mucus-producing and caveolin-1 (Cav-1)-expressing cells can be distinguished. Occasionally, the cuboidal-shaped cells also express Cav-1, which suggests that they are precursors of both mucus-producing and Cav-1-expressing cells. Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) impedes the differentiation of Cav-1-expressing cells and shifts the differentiation of cuboidal cells towards mucus-producing cells. In control birds exclusively, the IFE surface shows a mucous membrane, but after IBDV infection, the surfaces of both IFE and FAE are also covered by a mucous membrane. After IBDV infection, the cells of FAE also produce mucus, providing evidence for cell transformation. In late postinfection (pi; 28 d pi), the Cav-1 expression returned in the IFE cells, whereas the follicle (the primary lymphoid organ) underwent atrophy. The appearance of the renewed Cav-1-positive cells is similar to that of the normal basal cell, but they randomly locate in different levels of IFE, suggesting the loss of epithelial polarity. Between days 2 and 7 pi, the Cav-1 expression in the endothelial cells of the cortico-medullary capillary web is variable, which may explain the hemorrhage in several infected birds. The IBDV infection stops the Cav-1 expression and subsequently the cholesterol efflux into the bursal lumen. In the infected birds, the high cholesterol level may further worsen the clinical syndrome of IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bódi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Krisztina Minkó
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Nándor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Imre Oláh
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
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Park S, Glover KJ, Im W. U-shaped caveolin-1 conformations are tightly regulated by hydrogen bonds with lipids. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1570-1577. [PMID: 30828836 PMCID: PMC6458063 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The structure and dynamics of a truncated (residues 82-136) caveolin-1 (Cav1) construct having a helix-break-helix motif are explored by both all-atom free energy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in an explicit bilayer membrane. Two stable Cav1 conformations with small (LB-Cav1) and large hinge angles (RB-Cav1) between two helices are identified although their relative free energy cannot be reliably estimated due to the sampling issues. RB-Cav1s contain one or two lipids residing between the helices that are hydrogen bonded (h-bonded) to both helices in a multidentate fashion. LB-Cav1s show the helices with mono-dentate lipid h-bond interactions or multidentate interactions limited to a single helix at most. The two conformational states of Cav1 remain their initial state during 2-μs MD simulation, suggesting that there is a significant hidden barrier (other than the insertion depth of Cav1 and its hinge angle) and the Cav1 conformational states are tightly regulated by the h-bonds between Cav1 and lipids along with the associated lipid rearrangement during the course of Cav1 conformational changes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States, 18015
| | - Kerney Jebrell Glover
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States, 18015
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States, 18015
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Morén B, Hansson B, Negoita F, Fryklund C, Lundmark R, Göransson O, Stenkula KG. EHD2 regulates adipocyte function and is enriched at cell surface-associated lipid droplets in primary human adipocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1147-1159. [PMID: 30811273 PMCID: PMC6724522 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes play a central role in energy balance, and dysfunctional adipose tissue severely affects systemic energy homeostasis. The ATPase EH domain–containing 2 (EHD2) has previously been shown to regulate caveolae, plasma membrane-specific domains that are involved in lipid uptake and signal transduction. Here, we investigated the role of EHD2 in adipocyte function. We demonstrate that EHD2 protein expression is highly up-regulated at the onset of triglyceride accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Small interfering RNA–mediated EHD2 silencing affected the differentiation process and impaired insulin sensitivity, lipid storage capacity, and lipolysis. Fluorescence imaging revealed localization of EHD2 to caveolae, close to cell surface–associated lipid droplets in primary human adipocytes. These lipid droplets stained positive for glycerol transporter aquaporin 7 and phosphorylated perilipin-1 following adrenergic stimulation. Further, EHD2 overexpression in human adipocytes increased the lipolytic signaling and suppressed the activity of transcription factor PPARγ. Overall, these data suggest that EHD2 plays a key role for adipocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Morén
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Hansson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Florentina Negoita
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes Fryklund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard Lundmark
- Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 84 Lund, Sweden
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Huang Q, Zhong W, Hu Z, Tang X. A review of the role of cav-1 in neuropathology and neural recovery after ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:348. [PMID: 30572925 PMCID: PMC6302517 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke starts a series of pathophysiological processes that cause brain injury. Caveolin-1 (cav-1) is an integrated protein and locates at the caveolar membrane. It has been demonstrated that cav-1 can protect blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity by inhibiting matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) which degrade tight junction proteins. This article reviews recent developments in understanding the mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress after ischemic stroke, and focuses on how cav-1 modulates a series of activities after ischemic stroke. In general, cav-1 reduces BBB permeability mainly by downregulating MMP9, reduces neuroinflammation through influencing cytokines and inflammatory cells, promotes nerve regeneration and angiogenesis via cav-1/VEGF pathway, reduces apoptosis, and reduces the damage mediated by oxidative stress. In addition, we also summarize some experimental results that are contrary to the above and explore possible reasons for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Erchen Decoction Ameliorates Lipid Metabolism by the Regulation of the Protein CAV-1 and the Receptors VLDLR, LDLR, ABCA1, and SRB1 in a High-Fat Diet Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5309490. [PMID: 30402126 PMCID: PMC6196931 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5309490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder is a common metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal lipid levels in blood. Erchen decoction (ECD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which is used for the treatment of diseases caused by retention of phlegm dampness. It has been reported to ameliorate the disorder of lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of ECD in lipid metabolism disorder induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. ECD (4.35g/kg/d) and atorvastatin (10mg/kg/d, positive control) were orally administered to HFD-fed rats for four weeks. The parameters, food, water consumption, body weight, body length, liver, and visceral fat weight and the content of serum lipids and lipid transporters were assessed. The effects of ECD on the mRNA and protein expression levels of lipid transport factors were measured by real-time PCR and western blotting. The present study demonstrated that ECD improved the disorders of serum lipid and lipid transporters in HFD-fed rats, TG (0.70±0.08 mmol/L, p<0.01), LDL-C (1.50±0.19 mmol/L, p<0.01), LDL (1.38±0.21 mmol/L, p<0.05), and oxLDL (1.77±0.39 ng/mL, p<0.05) were downregulated, while HDL-C (0.87±0.13 mmol/L, p<0.01), FFA (0.62±0.13 mmol/L, p<0.05), HDL (38.8±4.0 mg/dL, p<0.05), and CETP (903.6±120.0 ng/mL, p<0.05) were upregulated. But ECD obviously had no effects on the indices food/water/energy intake, body/tissue (liver and fat) weight, and BMI (p>0.05). Concomitantly, ECD reversed the abnormal expressions of those lipid transport factors in the liver and visceral fat.
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Impairment of Fas-ligand-caveolin-1 interaction inhibits Fas-ligand translocation to rafts and Fas-ligand-induced cell death. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:73. [PMID: 29358576 PMCID: PMC5833370 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fas-ligand/CD178 belongs to the TNF family proteins and can induce apoptosis through death receptor Fas/CD95. The important requirement for Fas-ligand-dependent cell death induction is its localization to rafts, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched micro-domains of membrane, involved in regulation of different signaling complexes. Here, we demonstrate that Fas-ligand physically associates with caveolin-1, the main protein component of rafts. Experiments with cells overexpressing Fas-ligand revealed a FasL N-terminal pre-prolin-rich region, which is essential for the association with caveolin-1. We found that the N-terminal domain of Fas-ligand bears two caveolin-binding sites. The first caveolin-binding site binds the N-terminal domain of caveolin-1, whereas the second one appears to interact with the C-terminal domain of caveolin-1. The deletion of both caveolin-binding sites in Fas-ligand impairs its distribution between cellular membranes, and attenuates a Fas-ligand-induced cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that the interaction of Fas-ligand and caveolin-1 represents a molecular basis for Fas-ligand translocation to rafts, and the subsequent induction of Fas-ligand-dependent cell death. A possibility of a similar association between other TNF family members and caveolin-1 is discussed.
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Bellanti F, Villani R, Facciorusso A, Vendemiale G, Serviddio G. Lipid oxidation products in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:173-185. [PMID: 28109892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the major public health challenge for hepatologists in the twenty-first century. NAFLD comprises a histological spectrum ranging from simple steatosis or fatty liver, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. It can be categorized into two principal phenotypes: (1) non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and (2) non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The mechanisms of NAFLD progression consist of lipid homeostasis alterations, redox unbalance, insulin resistance, and inflammation in the liver. Even though several studies show an association between the levels of lipid oxidation products and disease state, experimental evidence suggests that compounds such as reactive aldehydes and cholesterol oxidation products, in addition to representing hallmarks of hepatic oxidative damage, may behave as active players in liver dysfunction and the development of NAFLD. This review summarizes the processes that contribute to the metabolic alterations occurring in fatty liver that produce fatty acid and cholesterol oxidation products in NAFLD, with a focus on inflammation, the control of insulin signalling, and the transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy.
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Bódi I, Minkó K, Fölker O, Benyeda Z, Felföldi B, Magyar A, Kiss A, Palya V, Oláh I. Expression of caveolin-1 in the interfollicular but not the follicle-associated epithelial cells in the bursa of fabricius of chickens. J Morphol 2017; 279:17-26. [PMID: 28914464 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The surface epithelium of the bursa of Fabricius consists of interfollicular (IFE) and follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). The IFE comprises (i) cylindrical-shaped secretory cells (SC) and (ii) cuboidal basal cells (BCs). The FAE provides histological and two-way functional connections between the bursal lumen and medulla of the follicle. We used a carbon solution and anti-caveolin-1 (Cav-1) to study the endocytic activity of FAE. Carbon particles entered the intercellular space of FAE, but the carbon particles were not internalized by the FAE cells. Cav-1 was not detectable in the FAE cells or the medulla of the bursal follicle. The absence of Cav-1 indicates that no caveolin-mediated endocytosis occurs in the FAE cells, B cells, bursal secretory dendritic cells (BSDC), or reticular epithelial cells. Surprisingly, a significant number of Cav-1 positive cells can be found among the SC, which are designated SC II. Cav-1 negative cell are called SC I, and they produce mucin for lubricating the bursal lumen and duct. Occasionally, BCs also express Cav-1, which suggests that BC is a precursor of a SC. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the existence of type I and II SC. The SC II are highly polarized and have an extensive trans-Golgi network that is rich in different granules and vesicles. Western blot analysis of bursa lysates revealed a 21-23 kDa compound (caveolin) and Filipin fluorescence histochemistry provided evidence for intracellular cholesterol. High amount of cholesterol in the feces shows the cholesterol efflux from SC II. The presence of Cav-1 and cholesterol in SC II indicates, that the bursa is a complex organ in addition to possessing immunological function contributes to the cholesterol homeostasis in the chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bódi
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Minkó
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Fölker
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Felföldi
- A Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), Szállás utca 5, 1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Magyar
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Anna Kiss
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Palya
- A Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), Szállás utca 5, 1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Oláh
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
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15
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Gao C, Wang Q, Chung SK, Shen J. Crosstalk of metabolic factors and neurogenic signaling in adult neurogenesis: Implication of metabolic regulation for mental and neurological diseases. Neurochem Int 2017; 106:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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The Role of Caveolin 1 in HIV Infection and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060129. [PMID: 28587148 PMCID: PMC5490806 DOI: 10.3390/v9060129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin 1 (Cav-1) is a major component of the caveolae structure and is expressed in a variety of cell types including macrophages, which are susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Caveolae structures are present in abundance in mechanically stressed cells such as endothelial cells and adipocytes. HIV infection induces dysfunction of these cells and promotes pathogenesis. Cav-1 and the caveolae structure are believed to be involved in multiple cellular processes that include signal transduction, lipid regulation, endocytosis, transcytosis, and mechanoprotection. Such a broad biological role of Cav-1/caveolae is bound to have functional cross relationships with several molecular pathways including HIV replication and viral-induced pathogenesis. The current review covers the relationship of Cav-1 and HIV in respect to viral replication, persistence, and the potential role in pathogenesis.
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Vega-Badillo J. ALTERACIONES EN LA HOMEOSTASIS DEL COLESTEROL HEPÁTICO Y SUS IMPLICACIONES EN LA ESTEATOHEPATITIS NO ALCOHÓLICA. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recqb.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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18
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Zurkinden L, Mansour YT, Rohrbach B, Vogt B, Mistry HD, Escher G. Hepatic caveolin-1 is enhanced in Cyp27a1/ApoE double knockout mice. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:1025-1035. [PMID: 28149711 PMCID: PMC5275772 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterol 27‐hydroxylase (CYP27A1) is involved in bile acid synthesis and cholesterol homoeostasis. Cyp27a1(−/−)/Apolipoprotein E(−/−) double knockout mice (DKO) fed a western diet failed to develop atherosclerosis. Caveolin‐1 (CAV‐1), the main component of caveolae, is associated with lipid homoeostasis and has regulatory roles in vascular diseases. We hypothesized that liver CAV‐1 would contribute to the athero‐protective mechanism in DKO mice. Cyp27a1(+/+)/ApoE(−/−) (ApoE KO), Cyp27a1(+/−)/ApoE(−/−) (het), and DKO mice were fed a western diet for 2 months. Atherosclerotic plaque and CAV‐1 protein were quantified in aortas. Hepatic Cav‐1 mRNA was assessed using qPCR, CAV‐1 protein by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Total hepatic and plasma cholesterol was measured using chemiluminescence. Cholesterol efflux was performed in RAW264.7 cells, using mice plasma as acceptor. CAV‐1 protein expression in aortas was increased in endothelial cells of DKO mice and negatively correlated with plaque surface (P < 0.05). In the liver, both CAV‐1 protein and mRNA expression doubled in DKO, compared to ApoE KO and het mice (P < 0.001 for both) and was negatively correlated with total hepatic cholesterol (P < 0.05). Plasma from DKO, ApoE KO and het mice had the same efflux capacity. In the absence of CYP27A1, CAV‐1 overexpression might have an additional athero‐protective role by partly overcoming the defect in CYP27A1‐mediated cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Zurkinden
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research University of Bern Switzerland
| | - Yosef T Mansour
- Division of Women's Health King's College London Women's Health Academic Centre UK
| | - Beatrice Rohrbach
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research University of Bern Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vogt
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research University of Bern Switzerland
| | - Hiten D Mistry
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research University of Bern Switzerland; Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology School of Medicine University of Nottingham UK
| | - Geneviève Escher
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research University of Bern Switzerland
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19
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Aho V, Ollila HM, Kronholm E, Bondia-Pons I, Soininen P, Kangas AJ, Hilvo M, Seppälä I, Kettunen J, Oikonen M, Raitoharju E, Hyötyläinen T, Kähönen M, Viikari JSA, Härmä M, Sallinen M, Olkkonen VM, Alenius H, Jauhiainen M, Paunio T, Lehtimäki T, Salomaa V, Orešič M, Raitakari OT, Ala-Korpela M, Porkka-Heiskanen T. Prolonged sleep restriction induces changes in pathways involved in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24828. [PMID: 27102866 PMCID: PMC4840329 DOI: 10.1038/srep24828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss and insufficient sleep are risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, but data on how insufficient sleep contributes to these diseases are scarce. These questions were addressed using two approaches: an experimental, partial sleep restriction study (14 cases and 7 control subjects) with objective verification of sleep amount, and two independent epidemiological cohorts (altogether 2739 individuals) with questions of sleep insufficiency. In both approaches, blood transcriptome and serum metabolome were analysed. Sleep loss decreased the expression of genes encoding cholesterol transporters and increased expression in pathways involved in inflammatory responses in both paradigms. Metabolomic analyses revealed lower circulating large HDL in the population cohorts among subjects reporting insufficient sleep, while circulating LDL decreased in the experimental sleep restriction study. These findings suggest that prolonged sleep deprivation modifies inflammatory and cholesterol pathways at the level of gene expression and serum lipoproteins, inducing changes toward potentially higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Aho
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Genomics and Biomarkers unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
- Stanford University Center for Sleep Sciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Erkki Kronholm
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Population Studies Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Isabel Bondia-Pons
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Pasi Soininen
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti J Kangas
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Hilvo
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Genomics and Biomarkers unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi Oikonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Härmä
- Brain and Work Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Sallinen
- Brain and Work Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Agora Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Unit of Excellence for Immunotoxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Genomics and Biomarkers unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine &Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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20
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Qin L, Zhu N, Ao BX, Liu C, Shi YN, Du K, Chen JX, Zheng XL, Liao DF. Caveolae and Caveolin-1 Integrate Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:429. [PMID: 27011179 PMCID: PMC4813279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid disorder and inflammation play critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Reverse cholesterol transport is a key event in lipid metabolism. Caveolae and caveolin-1 are in the center stage of cholesterol transportation and inflammation in macrophages. Here, we propose that reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation in atherosclerosis can be integrated by caveolae and caveolin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Bao-Xue Ao
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Chan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Ya-Ning Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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21
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Lee EJ, Park MK, Kim HJ, Kim EJ, Kang GJ, Byun HJ, Lee CH. Epithelial membrane protein 2 regulates sphingosylphosphorylcholine-induced keratin 8 phosphorylation and reorganization: Changes of PP2A expression by interaction with alpha4 and caveolin-1 in lung cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1157-69. [PMID: 26876307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) is found at increased in the malignant ascites of tumor patients and induces perinuclear reorganization of keratin 8 (K8) filaments that contribute to the viscoelasticity of metastatic cancer cells. However, the detailed mechanism of SPC-induced K8 phosphorylation and reorganization is not clear. We observed that SPC dose-dependently reduced the expression of epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) in lung cancer cells. Then, we examined the role of EMP2 in SPC-induced phosphorylation and reorganization of K8 in lung cancer cells. We found that SPC concentration-dependently reduced EMP2 in A549, H1299, and other lung cancer cells. This was verified at the mRNA level by RT-PCR and real-time PCR (qPCR), and intracellular variation through confocal microscopy. EMP2 gene silencing and stable lung cancer cell lines established using EMP2 lentiviral shRNA induced K8 phosphorylation and reorganization. EMP2 overexpression reduced K8 phosphorylation and reorganization. We also observed that SPC-induced loss of EMP2 induces phosphorylation of JNK and ERK via reduced expression of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Loss of EMP2 induces ubiquitination of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). SPC induced caveolin-1 (cav-1) expression and EEA1 endosome marker protein but not cav-2. SPC treatment enhanced the binding of cav-1 and PP2A and lowered binding of PP2A and alpha4. Gene silencing of EMP2 increased and gene silencing of cav-1 reduced migration of A549 lung cancer cells. Overall, these results suggest that SPC induces EMP2 down-regulation which reduces the PP2A via ubiquitination induced by cav-1, which sequestered alpha4, leading to the activation of ERK and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Lee
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeoung-Jin Kang
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Byun
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Guest J, Grant R. Carotenoids and Neurobiological Health. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 12:199-228. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Lindahl M, Petrlova J, Dalla-Riva J, Wasserstrom S, Rippe C, Domingo-Espin J, Kotowska D, Krupinska E, Berggreen C, Jones HA, Swärd K, Lagerstedt JO, Göransson O, Stenkula KG. ApoA-I Milano stimulates lipolysis in adipose cells independently of cAMP/PKA activation. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2248-59. [PMID: 26504176 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m054767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ApoA-I, the main protein component of HDL, is suggested to be involved in metabolic homeostasis. We examined the effects of Milano, a naturally occurring ApoA-I variant, about which little mechanistic information is available. Remarkably, high-fat-fed mice treated with Milano displayed a rapid weight loss greater than ApoA-I WT treated mice, and a significantly reduced adipose tissue mass, without an inflammatory response. Further, lipolysis in adipose cells isolated from mice treated with either WT or Milano was increased. In primary rat adipose cells, Milano stimulated cholesterol efflux and increased glycerol release, independently of β-adrenergic stimulation and phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase (Ser563) and perilipin (Ser522). Stimulation with Milano had a significantly greater effect on glycerol release compared with WT but similar effect on cholesterol efflux. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA silencing of ABCA1 did not diminish Milano-stimulated lipolysis, although binding to the cell surface was decreased, as analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Interestingly, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, a well-described cholesterol acceptor, dose-dependently stimulated lipolysis. Together, these results suggest that decreased fat mass and increased lipolysis following Milano treatment in vivo is partly explained by a novel mechanism at the adipose cell level comprising stimulation of lipolysis independently of the canonical cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lindahl
- Medical Protein Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jitka Petrlova
- Medical Protein Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Catarina Rippe
- Cellular Biomechanics, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Dorota Kotowska
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ewa Krupinska
- Medical Protein Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Helena A Jones
- Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Cellular Biomechanics, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Olga Göransson
- Protein Phosphorylation, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Sorci-Thomas MG, Pollard RD, Thomas MJ. What does procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer protein 2 have to do with HDL-cholesteryl ester uptake? Or how I learned to stop worrying and love reverse cholesterol transport? Curr Opin Lipidol 2015; 26. [PMID: 26218419 PMCID: PMC4564020 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study is to provide an update on the role HDL apolipoprotein A-I plays in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and how it relates to reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). RECENT FINDINGS Despite numerous studies showing that plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations are correlated with a reduced risk of CVD, pharmacologic elevation of HDL has not shown any beneficial effects to date. In contrast, studies correlating the measure of an individual's plasma cholesterol efflux capacity show greater promise as a tool for assessing CVD risk. Although ATP-binding cassette transporter 1-mediated lipidation of apoA-I is considered the principal source of plasma HDL, it represents only one side of the RCT pathway. Equally important is the second half of the RCT pathway in which the liver scavenger receptor class B1 selectively removes HDL cholesteryl esters for excretion. The combined action of the two enzyme systems is reflected in the overall steady-state concentration of plasma HDL cholesterol. For example, reduced ATP-binding cassette transporter 1-mediated production of nascent HDL lowers plasma HDL concentration, just as an increase in cholesteryl ester uptake by scavenger receptor class B1 reduces HDL levels. Thus, the complexity of intravascular HDL metabolism suggests that steady-state plasma HDL concentrations do not provide adequate information regarding an individual's HDL quality or function. Herein, we describe a new player, procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2, which shows atheroprotective function and influences both sides of RCT by enhancing production and catabolism of HDL cholesteryl esters. SUMMARY The discovery of a new molecule, procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2, implicated in the regulation of HDL cholesteryl ester concentrations suggests that the extracellular matrix and the proteins that regulate its function represent a new and as yet unexplored realm of HDL cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ricquita D. Pollard
- formerly of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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25
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Recent insights on the role of cholesterol in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1765-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Rui H, Root KT, Lee J, Glover KJ, Im W. Probing the U-shaped conformation of caveolin-1 in a bilayer. Biophys J 2014; 106:1371-80. [PMID: 24655512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin induces membrane curvature and drives the formation of caveolae that participate in many crucial cell functions such as endocytosis. The central portion of caveolin-1 contains two helices (H1 and H2) connected by a three-residue break with both N- and C-termini exposed to the cytoplasm. Although a U-shaped configuration is assumed based on its inaccessibility by extracellular matrix probes, caveolin structure in a bilayer remains elusive. This work aims to characterize the structure and dynamics of caveolin-1 (D82-S136; Cav182-136) in a DMPC bilayer using NMR, fluorescence emission measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations. The secondary structure of Cav182-136 from NMR chemical shift indexing analysis serves as a guideline for generating initial structural models. Fifty independent molecular dynamics simulations (100 ns each) are performed to identify its favorable conformation and orientation in the bilayer. A representative configuration was chosen from these multiple simulations and simulated for 1 μs to further explore its stability and dynamics. The results of these simulations mirror those from the tryptophan fluorescence measurements (i.e., Cav182-136 insertion depth in the bilayer), corroborate that Cav182-136 inserts in the membrane with U-shaped conformations, and show that the angle between H1 and H2 ranges from 35 to 69°, and the tilt angle of Cav182-136 is 27 ± 6°. The simulations also reveal that specific faces of H1 and H2 prefer to interact with each other and with lipid molecules, and these interactions stabilize the U-shaped conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Rui
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Bioinformatics, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Kyle T Root
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Bioinformatics, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
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27
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Evidences of endocytosis via caveolae following blood–brain barrier breakdown by Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:415-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
In the early stages of atherosclerotic lesion development, cholesterol is mostly present as esterified cholesterol stored in macrophage cytoplasmic lipid droplets. However, when the lesion evolves, free cholesterol accumulates in other compartments, such as lysosomes and plasma membrane. A number of studies support a role for intracellular cholesterol content and distribution in regulating several cell functions. Particularly, membrane free cholesterol content has a specific effect on signaling pathways involved in regulating cell motility and organization of the actin cytoskeleton. These processes are regulated by several signaling pathways including the small GTPase Rac1. Rac1 belongs to the Rho GTPases of the Ras protein superfamily involved in the regulation of multiple cell functions, including cell proliferation, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, and superoxide production. In this review, we discuss the role of Rac1 in macrophage with respect to cholesterol metabolism and trafficking as critical aspects for the development of atherosclerotic plaque.
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29
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Chaudhary N, Gomez GA, Howes MT, Lo HP, McMahon KA, Rae JA, Schieber NL, Hill MM, Gaus K, Yap AS, Parton RG. Endocytic crosstalk: cavins, caveolins, and caveolae regulate clathrin-independent endocytosis. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001832. [PMID: 24714042 PMCID: PMC3979662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolar proteins and caveolae negatively regulate a second clathrin-independent endocytic CLIC/GEEC pathway; caveolin-1 affects membrane diffusion properties of raft-associated CLIC cargo, and the scaffolding domain of caveolin-1 is required and sufficient for endocytic inhibition. Several studies have suggested crosstalk between different clathrin-independent endocytic pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional relevance of these interactions are unclear. Caveolins and cavins are crucial components of caveolae, specialized microdomains that also constitute an endocytic route. Here we show that specific caveolar proteins are independently acting negative regulators of clathrin-independent endocytosis. Cavin-1 and Cavin-3, but not Cavin-2 or Cavin-4, are potent inhibitors of the clathrin-independent carriers/GPI-AP enriched early endosomal compartment (CLIC/GEEC) endocytic pathway, in a process independent of caveola formation. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) and CAV3 also inhibit the CLIC/GEEC pathway upon over-expression. Expression of caveolar protein leads to reduction in formation of early CLIC/GEEC carriers, as detected by quantitative electron microscopy analysis. Furthermore, the CLIC/GEEC pathway is upregulated in cells lacking CAV1/Cavin-1 or with reduced expression of Cavin-1 and Cavin-3. Inhibition by caveolins can be mimicked by the isolated caveolin scaffolding domain and is associated with perturbed diffusion of lipid microdomain components, as revealed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) studies. In the absence of cavins (and caveolae) CAV1 is itself endocytosed preferentially through the CLIC/GEEC pathway, but the pathway loses polarization and sorting attributes with consequences for membrane dynamics and endocytic polarization in migrating cells and adult muscle tissue. We also found that noncaveolar Cavin-1 can act as a modulator for the activity of the key regulator of the CLIC/GEEC pathway, Cdc42. This work provides new insights into the regulation of noncaveolar clathrin-independent endocytosis by specific caveolar proteins, illustrating multiple levels of crosstalk between these pathways. We show for the first time a role for specific cavins in regulating the CLIC/GEEC pathway, provide a new tool to study this pathway, identify caveola-independent functions of the cavins and propose a novel mechanism for inhibition of the CLIC/GEEC pathway by caveolin. Endocytosis is the process that allows cells to take up molecules from the environment. Several endocytic pathways exist in mammalian cells. While the best understood endocytic pathway uses clathrin, recent years have seen a great increase in our understanding of clathrin-independent endocytic pathways. Here we characterize the crosstalk between caveolae, flask-shaped specialized microdomains present at the plasma membrane, and a second clathrin-independent pathway, the CLIC/GEEC Cdc42-regulated endocytic pathway. These pathways are segregated in migrating cells with caveolae at the rear and CLIC/GEEC endocytosis at the leading edge. Here we find that specific caveolar proteins, caveolins and cavins, can also negatively regulate the CLIC/GEEC pathway. With the help of several techniques, including quantitative electron microscopy analysis and real-time live-cell imaging, we demonstrate that expression of caveolar proteins affects early carrier formation, causes cellular lipid changes, and changes the activity of the key regulator of the CLIC/GEEC pathway, Cdc42. The functional consequences of loss of caveolar proteins on the CLIC/GEEC pathway included inhibition of polarized cell migration and increased endocytosis in tissue explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Chaudhary
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guillermo A. Gomez
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark T. Howes
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Harriet P. Lo
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerrie-Ann McMahon
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - James A. Rae
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole L. Schieber
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle M. Hill
- The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- The University of New South Wales, Centre for Vascular Research and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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30
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Lokappa SB, Nagaraj R. Interaction of peptides spanning the transmembrane domain of caveolin-1 with model membranes. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:696-703. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Bekshe Lokappa
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology; Uppal Road; Hyderabad; 500 007; India
| | - Ramakrishnan Nagaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology; Uppal Road; Hyderabad; 500 007; India
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31
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Palozza P, Catalano A, Simone R, Mele M, Cittadini A. Effect of Lycopene and Tomato Products on Cholesterol Metabolism. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012; 61:126-34. [DOI: 10.1159/000342077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
This work shows that an overload of dietary cholesterol causes complete infertility in dyslipidemic male mice (the Liver X Receptor-deficient mouse model). Infertility resulted from post-testicular defects affecting the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa of cholesterol-fed lxr−/− animals were found to be dramatically less viable and motile, and highly susceptible to undergo a premature acrosome reaction. We also provide evidence, that this lipid-induced infertility is associated with the accelerated appearance of a highly regionalized epididymal phenotype in segments 1 and 2 of the caput epididymidis that was otherwise only observed in aged LXR-deficient males. The epididymal epithelial phenotype is characterized by peritubular accumulation of cholesteryl ester lipid droplets in smooth muscle cells lining the epididymal duct, leading to their transdifferentiation into foam cells that eventually migrate through the duct wall, a situation that resembles the inflammatory atherosclerotic process. These findings establish the high level of susceptibility of epididymal sperm maturation to dietary cholesterol overload and could partly explain reproductive failures encountered by young dyslipidemic men as well as ageing males wishing to reproduce.
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33
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Lycopene regulation of cholesterol synthesis and efflux in human macrophages. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:971-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Jin Y, Lee SJ, Minshall RD, Choi AMK. Caveolin-1: a critical regulator of lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 300:L151-60. [PMID: 21097526 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00170.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (cav-1), a 22-kDa transmembrane scaffolding protein, is the principal structural component of caveolae. Cav-1 regulates critical cell functions including proliferation, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and transcytosis via diverse signaling pathways. Abundant in almost every cell type in the lung, including type I epithelial cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and neutrophils, cav-1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). ALI and its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in intensive care units, despite improvement in ventilation strategies. The pathogenesis of ARDS is still poorly understood, and therapeutic options remain limited. In this article, we summarize recent data regarding the regulation and function of cav-1 in lung biology and pathology, in particular as it relates to ALI. We further discuss the potential molecular and cellular mechanisms by which cav-1 expression contributes to ALI. Investigating the cellular functions of cav-1 may provide new insights for understanding the pathogenesis of ALI and provide novel targets for therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bastiani
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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36
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Abstract
Cholesterol efflux from lipid-loaded cells is a key athero-protective event that counteracts cholesterol uptake. The imbalance between cholesterol efflux and uptake determines the prevention or development of atherosclerosis. Many proteins and factors participate in the cholesterol efflux event. However, there are currently no systematic models of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) that include most RCT-related factors and events. On the basis of recent research findings from other and our laboratories, we propose a novel model of one center and four systems with coupling transportation and networking regulation. This model represents a common way of cholesterol efflux; however, the systems in the model consist of different proteins/factors in different cells. In this review, we evaluate the novel model in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages, which are the most important original cells of foam cells. This novel model consists of 1) a caveolae transport center, 2) an intracellular trafficking system of the caveolin-1 complex, 3) a transmembrane transport system of the ABC-A1 complex, 4) a transmembrane transport system of the SR-B1 complex, and 5) an extracelluar trafficking system of HDL/Apo-A1. In brief, the caveolin-1 system transports cholesterol from intracellular compartments to caveolae. Subsequently, both ABC-A1 and SR-B1 complex systems transfer cholesterol from caveolae to extracellular HDL/Apo-A1. The four systems are linked by a regulatory network. This model provides a simple and concise way to understand the dynamic process of atherosclerosis.
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37
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Wang X, Liao D, Lin PH, Yao Q, Chen C. Highly active antiretroviral therapy drugs inhibit in vitro cholesterol efflux from human macrophage-derived foam cells. J Transl Med 2009; 89:1355-63. [PMID: 19770838 PMCID: PMC2787635 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2009.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir, could inhibit cholesterol efflux and induce endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we further determined the effects and molecular mechanisms of a clinically relevant combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) drugs on in vitro cholesterol efflux from human macrophage-derived foam cells. Foam cells derived from human monocyte cell line (THP-1) and periphery blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with HAART drugs including stavudine, didanosine and indinavir individually or in combination of three drugs (3-plex), followed by the initiation of cholesterol efflux with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). Clinically relevant concentrations of HAART 3-plex significantly reduced cholesterol efflux in foam cells derived from THP-1 and PBMCs. HAART 3-plex significantly reduced the intracellular cholesterol transport molecule caveolin-1, whereas it increased superoxide anion production in THP-1 foam cells as compared with controls. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly reduced, whereas the expression of NADPH oxidase subunit p67(phox) was increased in HAART 3-plex-treated macrophages. Consequently, antioxidants including ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1, S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide (SACS), simvastatin (SVT) and vitamin E significantly abolished HAART 3-plex-induced inhibition of cholesterol efflux. Therefore, HAART drugs significantly inhibit cholesterol efflux from human macrophage-derived foam cells through downregulation of caveolin-1 and increase of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Changyi Chen
- Address correspondence to: Changyi (Johnny) Chen, M.D., Ph.D., Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (R413), Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail stop: BCM391, Houston, TX 77030, Phone: (713) 798-4401, Fax: (713) 798-6633,
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38
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Wu CC, Wang SH, Kuan II, Tseng WK, Chen MF, Wu JC, Chen YL. OxLDL upregulates caveolin-1 expression in macrophages: Role for caveolin-1 in the adhesion of oxLDL-treated macrophages to endothelium. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:460-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Lin YC, Lin CH, Kuo CY, Yang VC. ABCA1 modulates the oligomerization and Golgi exit of caveolin-1 during HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux in aortic endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 382:189-95. [PMID: 19275878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously, the authors have shown that the molecular interaction between caveolin-1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is associated with the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux pathway in aortic endothelial cells (ECs). This study analyzed the role ABCA1 plays in caveolin-1-mediated cholesterol efflux in aortic ECs. Knockdown of ABCA1 by siRNA in primary rat aortic ECs after cholesterol treatment did not affect caveolin-1 expression but led to the retention of caveolin-1 in the Golgi apparatus, impaired caveolin-1 oligomerization, and reduced cholesterol efflux. Immunoblotting assay and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that HDL transiently up-regulated ABCA1 expression, induced caveolin-1 oligomerization, and promoted its Golgi exit, thereby enhancing cholesterol efflux. These HDL-induced events, however, were inhibited by down-regulation of ABCA1. It is concluded that HDL up-regulates ABCA1 expression, which in turn modulates the oligomerization and Golgi exit of caveolin-1 to enhance cholesterol efflux in aortic ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, 181 Taichung Harbor Road, Section 3, Taichung 40704, Taiwan, ROC
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40
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Rödel F, Capalbo G, Rödel C, Weiss C. Caveolin-1 as a prognostic marker for local control after preoperative chemoradiation therapy in rectal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 73:846-52. [PMID: 19131184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Caveolin-1 is a protein marker for caveolae organelles and has an essential impact on cellular signal transduction pathways (e.g., receptor tyrosine kinases, adhesion molecules, and G-protein-coupled receptors). In the present study, we investigated the expression of caveolin-1 in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma and correlated its expression pattern with the risk for disease recurrences after preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and surgical resection. METHODS AND MATERIALS Caveolin-1 mRNA and protein expression were evaluated by Affymetrix microarray analysis (n = 20) and immunohistochemistry (n = 44) on pretreatment biopsy samples of patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum, and were correlated with clinical and histopathologic characteristics as well as with 5-year rates of local failure and overall survival. RESULTS A significantly decreased median caveolin-1 intracellular mRNA level was observed in tumor biopsy samples as compared with noncancerous mucosa. Individual mRNA levels and immunohistologic staining, however, revealed an overexpression in 7 of 20 patients (35%) and 17 of 44 patients (38.6%), respectively. Based on immunohistochemical evaluation, local control rates at 5 years for patients with tumors showing low caveolin-1 expression were significantly better than for patients with high caveolin-1-expressing carcinoma cells (p = 0.05; 92%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 82-102% vs. 72%, 95% CI = 49-84%). A low caveolin-1 protein expression was also significantly related to an increased overall survival rate (p = 0.05; 45%, 95% CI 16-60% vs. 82%, 95% CI = 67-97%). CONCLUSION Caveolin-1 may provide a novel prognostic marker for local control and survival after preoperative CRT and surgical resection in rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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41
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Nag S, Manias JL, Stewart DJ. Expression of endothelial phosphorylated caveolin-1 is increased in brain injury. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2008; 35:417-426. [PMID: 19508446 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2008.01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Increased endothelial caveolae leading to transcytosis of plasma proteins is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and cerebral oedema in brain injury. Increased expression of caveolin-1alpha (Cav-1), an integral caveolar membrane protein, was reported in endothelium of arterioles and veins with BBB breakdown to fibronectin post injury. In this study the phosphorylation state of Cav-1 and its association with BBB breakdown was determined in the rat cortical cold injury model over a period of days 0.5-6 post lesion. METHODS Expression of phosphorylated Cav-1 was determined by immunoblotting and dual labelling immunofluorescence for phosphorylated caveolin-1 and fibronectin, a marker of BBB breakdown. A phospho-specific monoclonal antibody that selectively recognizes only tyrosine 14-phosphorylated Cav-1 (PY14Cav-1) was used. RESULTS Immunoblots showed constitutive expression of PY14Cav-1 in cortex of control rats and a significant increase in PY14Cav-1 expression at the lesion site up to day 4 post lesion. PY14Cav-1 immunostaining was observed in the endothelium of lesion vessels at days 0.5-4 post lesion, in neutrophils at days 0.5 and 2 and in macrophages at day 6 post lesion. Dual labelling showed that 100% of vessels with BBB breakdown to fibronectin showed endothelial PY14Cav-1 on day 0.5, the percentage decreasing to 62% on day 4. On day 6, none of the vessels showed endothelial phosphorylated Cav-1. CONCLUSIONS The presence of phosphorylated Cav-1 in endothelium of vessels showing BBB breakdown suggests that phosphorylated Cav-1 signalling may be one of the factors associated with early BBB breakdown and brain oedema in brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nag
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, and
| | - J L Manias
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, and
| | - D J Stewart
- Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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42
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Bultel S, Helin L, Clavey V, Chinetti-Gbaguidi G, Rigamonti E, Colin M, Fruchart JC, Staels B, Lestavel S. Liver X Receptor Activation Induces the Uptake of Cholesteryl Esters From High Density Lipoproteins in Primary Human Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:2288-95. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.175042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are oxysterol-activated nuclear receptors regulating reverse cholesterol transport, in part by modulating cholesterol efflux from macrophages to apoAI and HDL via the ABCA1 and ABCG1/ABCG4 pathways. Moreover, LXR activation increases intracellular cholesterol trafficking via the induction of NPC1 and NPC2 expression. However, implication of LXRs in the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters from lipoproteins in human macrophages has never been reported.
Methods and Results—
Our results show that (1) selective CE uptake from HDL
3
is highly efficient in human monocyte-derived macrophages; (2) surprisingly, HDL
3
-CE uptake is strongly increased by LXR activation despite antiatherogenic effects of LXRs; (3) HDL
3
-CE uptake increase is not linked to SR-BI expression modulation but it is dependent of proteoglycan interactions; (4) HDL
3
-CE uptake increase is associated with increased expression and secretion of apoE and LPL, two proteins interacting with proteoglycans; (5) HDL
3
-CE uptake increase depends on the integrity of raft domains and is associated with an increased caveolin-1 expression.
Conclusions—
Our study identifies a new role for LXRs in the control of cholesterol homeostasis in human macrophages. LXR activation results in enhanced dynamic intracellular cholesterol fluxes through an increased CE uptake from HDL and leads to an increased cholesterol availability to efflux to apoAI and HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bultel
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm, U545, and Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine Lille (S.B., L.H., V.C., G.C.-G., E.R., J.-C.F., B.S., S.L.), France; and Inserm, U837 Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et Recherche Thérapeutique (M.C.), Place de Verdun Lille, France
| | - Lionel Helin
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm, U545, and Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine Lille (S.B., L.H., V.C., G.C.-G., E.R., J.-C.F., B.S., S.L.), France; and Inserm, U837 Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et Recherche Thérapeutique (M.C.), Place de Verdun Lille, France
| | - Veronique Clavey
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm, U545, and Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine Lille (S.B., L.H., V.C., G.C.-G., E.R., J.-C.F., B.S., S.L.), France; and Inserm, U837 Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et Recherche Thérapeutique (M.C.), Place de Verdun Lille, France
| | - Giulia Chinetti-Gbaguidi
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm, U545, and Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine Lille (S.B., L.H., V.C., G.C.-G., E.R., J.-C.F., B.S., S.L.), France; and Inserm, U837 Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et Recherche Thérapeutique (M.C.), Place de Verdun Lille, France
| | - Elena Rigamonti
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm, U545, and Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine Lille (S.B., L.H., V.C., G.C.-G., E.R., J.-C.F., B.S., S.L.), France; and Inserm, U837 Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et Recherche Thérapeutique (M.C.), Place de Verdun Lille, France
| | - Morvane Colin
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm, U545, and Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine Lille (S.B., L.H., V.C., G.C.-G., E.R., J.-C.F., B.S., S.L.), France; and Inserm, U837 Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et Recherche Thérapeutique (M.C.), Place de Verdun Lille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Fruchart
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm, U545, and Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine Lille (S.B., L.H., V.C., G.C.-G., E.R., J.-C.F., B.S., S.L.), France; and Inserm, U837 Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et Recherche Thérapeutique (M.C.), Place de Verdun Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm, U545, and Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine Lille (S.B., L.H., V.C., G.C.-G., E.R., J.-C.F., B.S., S.L.), France; and Inserm, U837 Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et Recherche Thérapeutique (M.C.), Place de Verdun Lille, France
| | - Sophie Lestavel
- From the Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm, U545, and Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine Lille (S.B., L.H., V.C., G.C.-G., E.R., J.-C.F., B.S., S.L.), France; and Inserm, U837 Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et Recherche Thérapeutique (M.C.), Place de Verdun Lille, France
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Pou J, Rebollo A, Roglans N, Sánchez RM, Vázquez-Carrera M, Laguna JC, Pedro-Botet J, Alegret M. Ritonavir increases CD36, ABCA1 and CYP27 expression in THP-1 macrophages. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:1572-82. [PMID: 18849545 DOI: 10.3181/0805-rm-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ritonavir, a protease inhibitor used in combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection, is associated with an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of ritonavir, in the absence of added lipoproteins, on the expression of genes that control cholesterol trafficking in human monocytes/macrophages. DESIGN THP-1 cells were used to study the effects of ritonavir on the expression of CD36, ATP binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1), scavenger receptor B class I (SR-BI), caveolin-1 and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27). Exposure to ritonavir (2.5 mug/ml) increased CD36 protein (28%, P < 0.05) and mRNA (38%, P < 0.05) in differentiated THP-1 macrophages, but not in undifferentiated monocytes. This effect was not related to the increase in PPARgamma expression (51%, P < 0.05) caused by ritonavir. Ritonavir also reduced SR-BI protein levels (46%, P < 0.05) and increased CYP27 (43%, P < 0.05) and ABCA1 (49%, P < 0.05) mRNA expression. Liver X receptor alpha (LXRalpha) mRNA, protein and binding activity were also increased by ritonavir treatment. CONCLUSIONS We propose that ritonavir induces ABCA1 expression in THP-1 macrophages through LXRalpha. The increase in ABCA1 and other cholesterol efflux mediators, such as CYP27, may compensate CD36 induction. Therefore, we suggest that the net effect of ritonavir on macrophages in the absence of lipoproteins is not clearly proatherogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Pou
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedicine Institute (IBUB), University of Barcelona, and Ciber Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Shen J, Lee W, Li Y, Lau CF, Ng KM, Fung ML, Liu KJ. Interaction of caveolin-1, nitric oxide, and nitric oxide synthases in hypoxic human SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. J Neurochem 2008; 107:478-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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Kim KN, Kang JH, Yim SV, Park CS. Role of Caveolin-1 in Indomethacin-induced Death of Human Hepatoadenocarcinoma SK-Hep1 Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 12:143-8. [PMID: 19967048 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2008.12.4.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is an integral membrane protein that may function as a scaffold for plasma membrane proteins and acts as a tumor suppressor protein. One causative factor of chemotherapy-resistant cancers is P-plycoprotein (P-gp), the product of the multidrug resistance-1 gene (MDR1), which is localized in the caveolar structure. Currently, the interactive roles of CAV1 and MDR1 expression in the death of cancer cells remain controversial. In this study, we investigated the effects of indomethacin on the cell viability and the expression levels of MDR1 mRNA and protein in a CAV1-siRNA-mediated gene knockdown hepatoma cell line (SK-Hep1). Cell viability was significantly decreased in CAV1-siRNA-transfected cells compared with that of control-siRNA-transfected cells. Furthermore, the viability of cells pretreated with CAV1 siRNA was markedly decreased by treatment with indomethacin (400microM for 24 h). However, the protein and mRNA levels of MDR1 were unchanged in CAV1-siRNA-transfected cells. These results suggest that CAV1 plays an important role as a major survival enzyme in cancer cells, and indomethacin can sensitively induce cell death under conditions of reduced CAV1 expression, independent of MDR1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Nam Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE Caveolae are non-clathrin, flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane. Caveolin-1 is an essential constituent of caveolae and as such acts as a regulator of caveolae-dependent lipid trafficking and endocytosis. Caveolin-1 interacts with a variety of cellular proteins and regulates cell-signaling events. Caveolin-1 appears to act as a tumor suppressor protein at early stages of cancer progression. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that caveolin-1 is up-regulated in several multidrug-resistant and metastatic cancer cell lines and human tumor specimens. Furthermore, caveolin-1 levels are positively correlated with tumor stage and grade in numerous cancer types. CONCLUSION The available experimental data support the tumor-promoting role of caveolin-1 in advanced-stage cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shatz
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Quest AFG, Gutierrez-Pajares JL, Torres VA. Caveolin-1: an ambiguous partner in cell signalling and cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:1130-50. [PMID: 18400052 PMCID: PMC3865655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are small plasma membrane invaginations that have been implicated in a variety of functions including transcytosis, potocytosis and cholesterol transport and signal transduction. The major protein component of this compartment is a family of proteins called caveolins. Experimental data obtained in knockout mice have provided unequivocal evidence for a requirement of caveolins to generate morphologically detectable caveolae structures. However, expression of caveolins is not sufficient per seto assure the presence of these structures. With respect to other roles attributed to caveolins in the regulation of cellular function, insights are even less clear. Here we will consider, more specifically, the data concerning the ambiguous roles ascribed to caveolin-1 in signal transduction and cancer. In particular, evidence indicating that caveolin-1 function is cell context dependent will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F G Quest
- FONDAP Centre for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Mice with cav-1 gene disruption have benign stromal lesions and compromised epithelial differentiation. Exp Mol Pathol 2008; 84:131-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bukrinsky M, Sviridov D. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and macrophage cholesterol metabolism. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 80:1044-51. [PMID: 17056763 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0206113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and are also a host for a number of viruses, most importantly, HIV. Many viruses, including HIV, require cholesterol for their replication and as a structural element. Cholesterol also plays a pivotal role in innate antiviral immune responses. Although impairing innate immune response by increasing cell cholesterol content may be a deliberate strategy used by a pathogen to improve its infectivity, enhancing the risk of atherosclerosis is likely a byproduct. Consistent association between HIV infection and elevated risk of atherosclerosis suggested a connection between virus-induced changes in cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis, but the mechanisms of such connection have not been identified. We describe in this review various mechanisms enabling viruses to exploit macrophage pathways of cholesterol metabolism, thus diverting cholesterol for a purpose of increasing viral replication and/or for altering innate immune responses. To alter the cellular cholesterol content, viruses "hijack" the pathways responsible for maintaining intracellular cholesterol metabolism. The damage to these pathways by viral infection may result in the inability of macrophages to control cholesterol accumulation and may lead to formation of foam cells, a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Further elucidation of the mechanisms connecting viral infection and macrophage cholesterol metabolism may be fruitful for developing approaches to treatment of atherosclerosis and viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bukrinsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, 2300 I St., N.W., Ross Hall, Rm. 234, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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Parr RD, Martin GG, Hostetler HA, Schroeder ME, Mir KD, Kier AB, Ball JM, Schroeder F. A new N-terminal recognition domain in caveolin-1 interacts with sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2). Biochemistry 2007; 46:8301-14. [PMID: 17580960 PMCID: PMC3658303 DOI: 10.1021/bi7002636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although plasma membrane domains, such as caveolae, provide an organizing principle for signaling pathways and cholesterol homeostasis in the cell, relatively little is known regarding specific mechanisms, whereby intracellular lipid-binding proteins are targeted to caveolae. Therefore, the interaction between caveolin-1 and sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2), a protein that binds and transfers both cholesterol and signaling lipids (e.g., phosphatidylinositides and sphingolipids), was examined by yeast two-hybrid, in vitro binding and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analyses. Results of the in vivo and in vitro assays identified for the first time the N-terminal amino acids (aa) 1-32 amphipathic alpha helix of SCP-2 functionally interacted with caveolin-1. This interaction was independent of the classic caveolin-1 scaffolding domain, in which many signaling proteins interact. Instead, SCP-2 bound caveolin-1 through a new domain identified in the N-terminal domain of caveolin-1 between aa 34-40. Modeling studies suggested that electrostatic interactions between the SCP-2 N-terminal aa 1-32 amphipathic alpha-helical domain (cationic, positively charged face) and the caveolin-1 N-terminal aa 33-59 alpha helix (anionic, negatively charged face) may significantly contribute to this interaction. These findings provide new insights on how SCP-2 enhances cholesterol retention within the cell as well as regulates the distribution of signaling lipids, such as phosphoinositides and sphingolipids, at plasma membrane caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D. Parr
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX77843-4467
| | - Gregory G. Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX77843-4466
| | - Heather A. Hostetler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX77843-4466
| | - Megan E. Schroeder
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX77843-4467
| | - Kiran D. Mir
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX77843-4467
| | - Ann B. Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX77843-4467
| | - Judith M. Ball
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX77843-4467
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX77843-4466
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