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Gmel G, Marmet S, Bertholet N, Wicki M, Studer J. Longitudinal Associations between Sensation Seeking and Its Components and Alcohol Use in Young SWISS Men-Are There Bidirectional Associations? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12475. [PMID: 36231775 PMCID: PMC9566284 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The association between alcohol use and sensation seeking is well known. Less is known about whether longitudinal changes in alcohol use are associated with changes in sensation seeking and in which direction influence might flow. 5125 men aged 20.0 years old at baseline and 25.4 years old at follow-up responded to the Brief Sensation Seeking Questionnaire, which measures four subscales of experience seeking, boredom susceptibility, thrill- and adventure-seeking, and disinhibition. Alcohol use was measured using volume (drinks per week) and binge drinking (about 60 g or more per occasion). Associations were calculated using cross-lagged panel models and two-wave latent change score models. Correlations between the latent change scores for alcohol use and the sensation-seeking subscales were all positive, being largest for disinhibition (r > 0.3) and much smaller (r ~ 0.1) for the others. Disinhibition was the dominant effect over the entire sensation-seeking scale. Cross-lagged paths were (except for thrill- and adventure-seeking) bidirectional and mostly higher from alcohol use to sensation seeking (e.g., pathvolume-disinhibition = 0.136, and pathdisinhibition-volume = 0.072). Again, effects were highest for disinhibition. Given the bidirectional links between sensation seeking and alcohol use, preventive efforts aiming to achieve stable positive changes in alcohol use and personality should target both simultaneously and focus on disinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Gmel
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 23A, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Research Department, Addiction Switzerland, Avenue Louis-Ruchonnet 14, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Alcohol and Research Unit, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Simon Marmet
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 23A, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4600 Olten, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bertholet
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 23A, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wicki
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 23A, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Research, Development and Evaluation, Bern University of Teacher Education, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Studer
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 23A, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Adult Psychiatry North-West, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin des Chaux, 1196 Prangins, Switzerland
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Conner BT. Re-Operationalizing Sensation Seeking Through the Development of the Sensation Seeking Personality Trait Scale. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07481756.2021.2018658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Oberlin BG, Ramer NE, Bates SM, Shen YI, Myslinski JS, Kareken DA, Cyders MA. Quantifying Behavioral Sensation Seeking With the Aroma Choice Task. Assessment 2019; 27:873-886. [PMID: 31353921 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119864659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our goal was to develop a behavioral measure of sensation seeking (SS). The Aroma Choice Task (ACT) assesses preference for an intense, novel, varied, and risky (exciting) option versus a mild, safe (boring) option using real-time odorant delivery. A total of 147 healthy young adults completed 40 binary choice trials. We examined (1) intensity and pleasantness of odorants, (2) stability of responding, (3) association with SS self-report, and (4) association with self-reported illicit drug use. Participants' preference for the "exciting" option versus the safe option was significantly associated with self-reported SS (p < .001) and illicit drug use (p = .041). Odorant ratings comported with their intended intensity. The ACT showed good internal, convergent, and criterion validity. We propose that the ACT might permit more objective SS assessment for investigating the biological bases of psychiatric conditions marked by high SS, particularly addiction. The ACT measures SS behaviorally, mitigating some self-report challenges and enabling real-time assessment, for example, for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Oberlin
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nolan E Ramer
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sage M Bates
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yitong I Shen
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeremy S Myslinski
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Keinan R, Bereby-Meyer Y. Perceptions of Active Versus Passive Risks, and the Effect of Personal Responsibility. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2017; 43:999-1007. [PMID: 28903705 DOI: 10.1177/0146167217703079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Not getting vaccinated or not backing up computer files are examples of passive risk taking: risk brought on or magnified by inaction. We suggest the difficulty in paying attention to absences, together with the reduced agency and responsibility that is associated with passive choices, leads to the perception of passive risks as being less risky than equivalent active risks. Using scenarios in which risk was taken either actively or passively, we demonstrate that passive risks are judged as less risky than equivalent active risks. We find the perception of personal responsibility mediates the differences between the perception of passive and active risks. The current research offers an additional explanation for omission or default biases: The passive nature of these choices causes them to appear less risky than they really are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruty Keinan
- 1 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Poon K. Understanding Risk-taking Behavior in Bullies, Victims, and Bully Victims Using Cognitive- and Emotion-Focused Approaches. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1838. [PMID: 27965603 PMCID: PMC5126121 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying and risky behavior are two common problems among adolescents and can strongly affect a youth’s overall functioning when both coexist. Some studies suggest that bullying in adolescence may promote risky behavior as a coping strategy to deal with victimization related stress. Other studies consider bullying as an outcome of high-risk behavior. Despite the association between the two is well-established, no study has examined the risk-taking patterns among bullying groups (i.e., bully, victim, and bully victim). This study attempted to elucidate the potential relationships between bullying and risk-taking by addressing the two models: a cognitive-focused model and an emotion-focused model of risk taking, and to clarify how adolescents’ characteristics in risk taking associate with bullying outcomes. Method: 136 Chinese adolescents (Mean Age = 14.5, M = 65, F = 71) were recruited and grouped according to bullying identity: Bully (n = 27), Victim (n = 20), Bully victim (n = 37) and Control (n = 52). Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events (CARE) questionnaire was used to measure participants’ expectancies about the risks, benefits and involvement associated with risky activities. Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) was administered to capture the emotion-laden process in risk taking. Results: Cognitively, Bully was associated with an overestimation of risk while Victim was associated with an underestimation of risk and overrated benefit. Bully victim exhibited a unique pattern with an overestimation of benefit and risk. All study groups projected higher involvement in risky behavior. Behaviorally, both Bully and Bully victim were associated with high risk modulation whereas Victim was associated with impulsive decision-making. Interestingly, compared with bully, bully victim had significantly higher bullying scores, suggesting a wider range and more frequent bullying activities. In conclusion, Bully maybe a group of adolescents that is vigilant in situational deliberation and risk modulation while Victims with high impulsivity, are more likely to place themselves in risky situations. Bully victims presented the combined pattern of the two pure groups and associated with the highest risk-taking propensity. Better picture of risk taking pattern associated with different groups was illustrated, allowing better matching for future prevention and intervention program for distinct bullying individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kean Poon
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Poon K, Ho CSH. Risk-taking propensity and sensitivity to punishment in adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder symptoms and/or reading disability. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 53-54:296-304. [PMID: 26969810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many studies reported that adolescents with ADHD/RD more frequently engage in risk-taking behaviors. Very few have examined their risk taking patterns and the impact of their comorbidity. The present study compared the risk-taking propensity, sensitivity to punishment and delinquency outcome in Chinese adolescents with ADHD symptoms (AS) and/or RD using a simulated risk task, the Balloon Analogous Risk Task (BART). Adolescents with AS (n=37), RD (n=35), AS+RD (n=35), and control (n=36) were recruited from local secondary schools. Results showed that adolescents with ADHD, despite their great risk-taking propensity, were sensitive to immediate punishment whereas adolescents with RD were found to display normal risk-taking propensity, yet showed a tendency of being less sensitive to punishment. The comorbidity ADHD+RD group had the highest delinquency score, and exhibited greatest risk taking and least sensitivity to punishment, which provided further support that comorbid condition might have stronger impact on risk taking or even delinquency than the pure groups. The present findings provides a useful picture of the risk taking pattern associated with different groups, allowing for effective matching for future prevention and intervention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kean Poon
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong; Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Connie Suk-Han Ho
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and reliability, of the Italian version of the Passive Risk Taking (PRT) Scale. JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s193029750000704x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe concept of “passive risk taking”, which refers to the risk brought on or magnified by inaction, has recently appeared in the literature on risk taking. Keinan and Bereby-Meyer (2012) have developed a scale to measure the personal tendency for passive risk taking (PRT); the scale has criterion validity and high test-retest reliability; it correlates with reported passive risk taking in everyday life and with the DOSPERT scale. Furthermore, it presents divergent validity from classic risk-taking constructs such as sensation seeking, and convergent validity with procrastination and avoidance. In this paper we propose a validation of the PRT scale in Italian. We performed the linguistic adaptation to Italian via the five steps suggested by Guillemin and colleagues (1993) and Beaton and colleagues (2000); we then submitted the derived questionnaire to a 297-adult sample. Results show that two out of three factors from the original scale were confirmed. However the third factor, originally composed of 6 items, was not consistent. We present the scale derived from such results, and discuss the differences with the original scale.
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González-Iglesias B, Gómez-Fraguela JA, Luengo MÁ. Sensation seeking and drunk driving: the mediational role of social norms and self-efficacy. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2014; 71:22-28. [PMID: 24878692 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to examine the role of sensation seeking in drunk driving by youths, and the potential mediational effect of social, cognitive and emotional variables on their relationship. To this end, a survey was conducted on 274 drivers (164 females and 110 males) aged 24.36±2.96 years (range 18-30 years). The results obtained confirm the significance of sensation seeking to drunk driving by youths and the mediating role of biased self-efficacy perceptions in their relationship. The important practical implications of this finding on the development of effective interventions to prevent the risks of drunk driving in youths are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ma Ángeles Luengo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Pimentel CE, Gouveia VV, Coelho Júnior LDL, Aguiar Athayde RA, Lima TJSD. Preferência musical e busca de sensações entre jovens. PSICOLOGIA: CIÊNCIA E PROFISSÃO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1414-98932014000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Este estudo objetivou conhecer a correlação entre preferência musical e busca de sensações, testando modelos de mediação e moderação. Participaram 279 estudantes do ensino médio, com média de idade de 17 anos e igualmente distribuídos por sexo, que responderam a Escala de Preferência Musical, o Inventário de Arnett de Busca de Sensações e questões demográficas. Observou-se correlação da preferência por estilos musicais alternativos (positiva, como, por exemplo, rock, música eletrônica) e convencional (negativa, como, por exemplo, música clássica, música religiosa) com o fator intensidade de busca de sensações. Constatou-se também que as relações entre o fator novidade e os estilos alternativos e convencionais foram mediadas pela busca por intensidade. Testou-se a moderação da busca por novidade na relação entre intensidade e música alternativa, que não foi confirmada. Tais resultados foram discutidos com base na literatura sobre correlatos da busca de sensações, e sugere-se estudos que contribuam para entender seu efeito na preferência musical.
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Sitnick SL, Shaw DS, Hyde LW. Precursors of adolescent substance use from early childhood and early adolescence: testing a developmental cascade model. Dev Psychopathol 2014; 26:125-40. [PMID: 24029248 PMCID: PMC3864122 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579413000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study examined developmentally salient risk and protective factors of adolescent substance use assessed during early childhood and early adolescence using a sample of 310 low-income boys. Child problem behavior and proximal family risk and protective factors (i.e., parenting and maternal depression) during early childhood, as well as child and family factors and peer deviant behavior during adolescence, were explored as potential precursors to later substance use during adolescence using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that early childhood risk and protective factors (i.e., child externalizing problems, mothers' depressive symptomatology, and nurturant parenting) were indirectly related to substance use at the age of 17 via risk and protective factors during early and middle adolescence (i.e., parental knowledge and externalizing problems). The implications of these findings for early prevention and intervention are discussed.
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11
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Dissabandara LO, Loxton NJ, Dias SR, Dodd PR, Daglish M, Stadlin A. Dependent heroin use and associated risky behaviour: the role of rash impulsiveness and reward sensitivity. Addict Behav 2014; 39:71-6. [PMID: 24112954 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive temperament has long been considered as a risk factor for substance use disorders (SUD). Considering the heterogeneity of impulsivity, a biologically-based 2-factor model incorporating reward sensitivity and rash impulsiveness facets, has been proposed. Here we report how these two facets of impulsiveness could be associated with different aspects of dependent heroin use and associated risky behaviour. Two hundred and ninety three dependent heroin users and 232 non-users were assessed on reward sensitivity, rash impulsivity, and the related trait of punishment sensitivity. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, heroin users were found to be more rash-impulsive and reward-sensitive than non-users (p<0.001). Within users, rash impulsivity was associated with high risk behaviour including escalating heroin consumption, injecting heroin use, hazardous drinking, low treatment-seeking and risky sexual behaviour. Reward sensitivity was uniquely associated with early onset of drug use. While greater impulsivity is a common trait in drug users compared with non-users, the use of a 2-factor model of impulsivity provides additional information regarding specific aspects of drug initiation and maintenance that can be targeted in the prevention and treatment of heroin dependence.
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Stautz K, Cooper A. Impulsivity-related personality traits and adolescent alcohol use: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2013; 33:574-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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“Leaving it to chance”—Passive risk taking in everyday life. JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/s1930297500003259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWhile risk research focuses on actions that put people at risk, this paper introduces the concept of “passive risk”—risk brought on or magnified by inaction. We developed a scale measuring personal tendency for passive risk taking (PRT), validated it using a 150 undergraduate student sample, and obtained three factors indicating separate domains of passive risk taking: risk involving resources, medical risks and ethical risks. The scale has criterion validity, as it is correlated with reported passive risk taking in everyday life, and also has high test-retest reliability. While correlated with the DOSPERT scale, the PRT shows divergent validity from classic risk taking constructs like sensation seeking, and convergent validity with tendencies previously not linked to risk taking, such as procrastination and avoidance. The results indicate that passive risk is a separate and unique domain of risk taking, which merits further research to understand the cognitive and motivational mechanism perpetuating it.
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Gmel G, Labhart F, Fallu JS, Kuntsche E. The association between drinking motives and alcohol-related consequences - room for biases and measurement issues? Addiction 2012; 107:1580-9. [PMID: 22429490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether the predominant finding of generalized positive associations between self-rated motives for drinking alcohol and negative consequences of drinking alcohol are influenced by (i) using raw scores of motives that may weight inter-individual response behaviours too strongly, and (ii) predictor-criterion contamination by using consequence items where respondents attribute alcohol use as the cause. DESIGN Cross-sectional study within the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD). SETTING School classes. PARTICIPANTS Students, aged 13-16 (n = 5633). MEASUREMENTS Raw, rank and mean-variance standardized scores of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire--Revised (DMQ-R); four consequences: serious problems with friends, sexual intercourse regretted the next day, physical fights and troubles with the police, each itemized with attribution ('because of your alcohol use') and without. FINDINGS As found previously in the literature, raw scores for all drinking motives had positive associations with negative consequences of drinking, while transformed (rank or Z) scores showed a more specific pattern: external reinforcing motives (social, conformity) had negative and internal reinforcing motives (enhancement, coping) had non-significant or positive associations with negative consequences. Attributed consequences showed stronger associations with motives than non-attributed ones. CONCLUSION Standard scoring of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (Revised) fails to capture motives in a way that permits specific associations with different negative consequences to be identified, whereas use of rank or Z-scores does permit this. Use of attributed consequences overestimates the association with drinking motives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Gmel
- Addiction Info Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Wegner M, Wegener F. Zum Zusammenhang von Sensation Seeking und unfallbedingten Verletzungsausprägungen beim Kitesurfen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SPORTPSYCHOLOGIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1026/1612-5010/a000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Untersucht werden Zusammenhänge von Sensation Seeking und unfallbedingten Verletzungsausprägungen in der Risikosportart Kitesurfen. Die 335 online befragten Kitesurfer/innen weisen eine erhöhte Sensation Seeking-Ausprägung (Gesamt und TAS) auf. Die ermittelte Verletzungsrate von 12 Verletzungen pro 1.000h Kitesurfen zeigt einen deutlichen Anstieg der Verletzungsanzahl gegenüber früheren Untersuchungsergebnissen nach Nickel et al. (2004) und Petersen et al. (2002) Kitesurfanfänger erleiden quantitativ mehr, Kitesurfer mit höherer Könnensstufe demgegenüber qualitativ schwerere Verletzungen. Die inferenzstatistischen Hypothesenprüfungen zeigen signifikante Unterschiede sowohl für die Verletzungsanzahl als auch für die Verletzungsschwere bezüglich der Sensation Seeking-Ausprägung. Kitesurfer mit Verletzungen besitzen eine höhere Ausprägung im Sensation Seeking als Kitesurfer ohne Verletzung (p < .01). Auch höher-gradig verletzte Kitesurfer weisen eine signifikant höhere Sensation Seeking-Ausprägung als leicht verletzte Kitesurfer auf (p < .03). Das Wissen um die erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit durch das Kitesurfen Verletzungen zu erleiden, sollte von Kitesurfern mit erhöhter Sensation Seeking-Ausprägung genutzt werden, um ihr eigenes Handeln auf dem Wasser kritisch zu reflektieren und ggf. zu verändern.
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Ayvasik HB, Sümer HC. Individual differences as predictors of illicit drug use among Turkish college students. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 144:489-505. [PMID: 21053764 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2010.496671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the prevalence of drug use in the young adult population in Turkey is still far below the figures reported for most European Union countries and the United States, there seems to be a noteworthy increase in drug use, especially among high school and college students. The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent of drug use among college students in Turkey and to identify some of the individual-difference variables associated with drug use. Participants were 781 college students. A survey package including (a) measures of sensation seeking-risk taking, self-esteem, affectivity level, global mental health, overall life satisfaction, and the rate and nature of substance use and (b) demographic questions was administered to the participants during regularly held class meetings. A logistic regression analysis revealed that sensation seeking-risk taking, parental education level, smoking, and frequency of alcohol use predicted illicit drug experience. Implications of the findings and limitations of the study are discussed using the context of the study as a framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Belgin Ayvasik
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Inonu Bulvari, 06531 Ankara, Turkey.
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Cazenave N, Paquette L. L’Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS) : validation et évaluation psychométrique chez une population de jeunes étudiants français. Encephale 2010; 36:366-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gouveia VV, Pimentel CE, Gouveia RSV, Freires LA, Athayde RAA, Araújo RDCR. Inventário de Arnett de Busca de Sensações (AISS): testando diferentes modelos fatoriais. PSICO-USF 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-82712010000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O estudo do traço de busca de sensações permite explicar diversos comportamentos de risco. Considerando sua relevância e a ausência de medida específica no Brasil, decidiu-se adaptar o Inventário de Arnett de Busca de Sensações. Este é formado por 20 itens, medindo dois fatores: novidade e intensidade. Participaram da pesquisa 279 estudantes do ensino médio de escolas particulares e públicas, com idade média de 17 anos, igualmente distribuídos quanto ao sexo, provenientes de João Pessoa (n=108) e Teresina (n=171). Por meio de análises fatoriais confirmatórias, testaram-se quatro modelos, segundo o número de fatores (um ou dois) e itens (12 ou 20). Os resultados mostraram que o modelo bifatorial reduzido apresentou melhores índices de ajuste. Os fatores e a pontuação total desse instrumento apresentaram consistência interna aceitável, estando correlacionados com sexo e idade dos participantes. Tais resultados justificam a utilização dessa medida em estudos futuros.
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Stoolmiller M, Gerrard M, Sargent JD, Worth KA, Gibbons FX. R-rated movie viewing, growth in sensation seeking and alcohol initiation: reciprocal and moderation effects. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2010; 11:1-13. [PMID: 19655251 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-009-0143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study employed parallel process and discrete time hazard regressions to examine the interplay among exposure to R-rated movies, sensation seeking, and initiation of alcohol use in a national U.S. sample (N = 6255) of adolescents, ages 10-14, who were followed over four waves spanning 2 years. There was a short-term reciprocal relation between watching R-rated movies and sensation seeking, but over the 2-year observation period, exposure to R-rated movies was associated with increases in sensation seeking and not vice versa. Sensation seeking also moderated the effect of watching R-rated movies on initiation of alcohol consumption such that exposure was associated with greater increases in initiation of alcohol use among low sensation than among high sensation seeking adolescents. The study provides empirical evidence of an environmental media effect on sensation seeking, and important new information about the relations among sensation seeking, media exposure, and adolescent alcohol use.
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Mann RE, Stoduto G, Ialomiteanu A, Asbridge M, Smart RG, Wickens CM. Self-reported collision risk associated with cannabis use and driving after cannabis use among Ontario adults. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2010; 11:115-122. [PMID: 20373229 DOI: 10.1080/15389580903536704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of cannabis use and driving after cannabis use on self-reported collision involvement within the previous 12 months while controlling for demographics, driving exposure, binge drinking, and driving after drinking based on a large representative sample of adults in Ontario. METHODS Data are based on the CAMH Monitor, an ongoing cross-sectional telephone survey of Ontario adults aged 18 and older, conducted by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. Data on drivers who reported driving at least one kilometer per week and who responded to the collision item from 2002 to 2007 were merged into one data set (n = 8481). Logistic regression analysis of self-reported collision risk posed by cannabis use (lifetime and past 12 months), driving after cannabis use (past 12 months), and driving after drinking among drinkers (past 12 months) was implemented, controlling for the effects of gender, age, region, income, education, marital status, kilometers driven in a typical week, and consuming five or more drinks of alcohol on one occasion (past 12 months). Due to list-wise deletion of cases the logistic regression sample was reduced (n = 6907). RESULTS Several demographic factors were found to be significantly associated with self-reported collision involvement. The logistic regression model revealed that age, region, income, marital status, and number of kilometers driven in a typical week, were all significantly related to collision involvement, after adjusting for other factors. Respondents who reported having driven after cannabis use within the past 12 months had increased risk of collision involvement (odds ratio [OR] = 1.84) compared to those who never drove after using cannabis, a greater risk than that associated with having reported driving after drinking within the past 12 months (OR = 1.34). CONCLUSION Further investigation of the impact of driving after cannabis use on collision risk and factors that may modify that relationship is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Mann
- Social, Prevention and Health Policy Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
AIMS This study examines the predictive validity of sensation seeking as a predictor of adolescent substance use, in order to optimize targeting for substance use prevention programs. DESIGN Longitudinal study. SETTING Random-digit dial telephone survey. Participants A total of 6522 US adolescents aged 10-14 years at baseline, resurveyed at 8-month intervals for three subsequent waves. MEASUREMENTS Two outcomes were assessed-onset of binge drinking (more than five drinks in a short time) and established smoking (>100 cigarettes life-time). Sensation seeking level was assessed at baseline. Logistic regression was used to predict onset of substance use at any follow-up wave as a function of sensation seeking. The receiver operating characteristics curve was used to illustrate how well sensation seeking predicted substance use as a function of different cut-off points for defining high sensation seeking, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AROC) was the metric of predictive validity. FINDINGS Of 5834 participants with one or more follow-up assessments, 5634 reported no binge drinking and 5802 were not established smokers at baseline, of whom 717 (12.7% of 5634) reported binge drinking and 144 (2.5% of 5802) reported established smoking at one or more follow-up interviews. Sensation seeking predicted binge drinking moderately well [AROC = 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.69, 0.73)] and was a significantly better predictor of established smoking onset [AROC = 0.80 (0.76, 0.83)]. For binge drinking, predictive validity was significantly lower in blacks; for established smoking it was significantly higher for Hispanics. Implications for two targeting interventions are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Sensation seeking works moderately well at identifying adolescents at risk for onset of binge drinking and established smoking. This study offers a guide for determining the appropriate targeting cut-off value, based on intervention efficacy, costs and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Sargent
- Cancer Control Research Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Gmel G, Kuntsche E, Wicki M, Labhart F. Measuring alcohol-related consequences in school surveys: alcohol-attributable consequences or consequences with students' alcohol attribution. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171:93-104. [PMID: 19969527 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In alcohol epidemiology surveys, there is a tradition of measuring alcohol-related consequences using respondents' attribution of alcohol as the cause. The authors aimed to compare the prevalence and frequency of self-attributed consequences to consequences without self-attribution using alcohol-attributable fractions (AAF). In 2007, a total of 7,174 Swiss school students aged 13-16 years reported the numbers of 6 alcohol-related adverse consequences (e.g., fights, injuries) they had incurred in the past 12 months. Consequences were measured with and without attribution of alcohol as the cause. The alcohol-use measures were frequency and volume of drinking in the past 12 months and number of risky single-occasion (> or =5 drinks) drinking episodes in the past 30 days. Attributable fractions were derived from logistic (> or =1 incident) and Poisson (number of incidents) regression analyses. Although relative risk estimates were higher when alcohol-attributed consequences were compared with nonattributed consequences, the use of AAFs resulted in more alcohol-related consequences (10,422 self-attributed consequences vs. 24,520 nonattributed consequences determined by means of AAFs). The likelihood of underreporting was higher among drinkers with intermediate frequencies than among either rare drinkers or frequent drinkers. Therefore, the extent of alcohol-related adverse consequences among adolescents may be underestimated when using self-attributed consequences, because of differential attribution processes, especially among infrequent drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Gmel
- Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems, P.O. Box 870, CH-1001 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Croissant B, Demmel R, Rist F, Olbrich R. Exploring the link between gender, sensation seeking, and family history of alcoholism in cortisol stress-response dampening. Biol Psychol 2008; 79:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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The French version of the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking: Internal and predictive validity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Puente CP, González Gutiérrez JL, Abellán IC, López AL. Sensation seeking, attitudes toward drug use, and actual use among adolescents: testing a model for alcohol and ecstacy use. Subst Use Misuse 2008; 43:1615-27. [PMID: 18752163 DOI: 10.1080/10826080802241151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of ecstasy (MDMA), one of the most popular substances among young people in the context of many leisure and fun activities, is moving from party and recreation circuits to high schools and college dorms, in many cases in combination with alcohol consumption. Bearing in mind the concurrent use of the two drugs and the "gateway" thesis of a progression from legal drugs to illegal ones, a causal(1) model of linkages among sensation seeking, attitudes toward alcohol and ecstasy consumption, and frequency of use was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). The data were obtained from a sample of 450 high school students ranging in age from 14 to 18 (47% male, 53% female). An additional moderator analysis was performed in order to examine a possible moderating role of sensation seeking in the relationship between attitudes toward consumption and frequency of use of both alcohol and ecstasy. Results were consistent with the hypothesis that positive attitudes toward consumption mediate the effects of sensation seeking on drug use. In addition, whereas our results were coherent with the existence of direct effects of sensation seeking on drug use, these were only found in the case of alcohol consumption. However, a moderating effect of this same variable was observed in the relationship between positive attitudes toward ecstasy consumption and its frequency of use. General and specific clinical implications and limitations of these findings are discussed and future lines of research suggested. .
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26
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Intensity seeking and novelty seeking: Their relationship to adolescent risk behavior and occupational interests. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Magid V, Maclean MG, Colder CR. Differentiating between sensation seeking and impulsivity through their mediated relations with alcohol use and problems. Addict Behav 2007; 32:2046-61. [PMID: 17331658 PMCID: PMC2025701 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Disinhibition is a strong correlate of alcohol use, yet limited alcohol research has examined the facets of this personality construct. Recent work suggests that sensation seeking and impulsivity show differential relations with alcohol outcomes, indicating unique mechanisms of risks associated with each of these dimensions of disinhibition. The goal of the study was to examine sensation seeking and impulsivity as unique predictors of alcohol use and problems, and to test a broad range of drinking motives as potential mediators of these relations. Self-reported data from college students (N=310) were utilized for the study. Results suggested that sensation seeking and impulsivity were associated with alcohol use and problems through different mediational pathways. There was some evidence for gender moderating these pathways. The findings indicate that alcohol prevention and intervention programs should be tailored to specifically target individuals elevated on impulsivity versus sensation seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Magid
- Psychology Department, Park Hall, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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Conrod PJ, Stewart SH, Comeau N, Maclean AM. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions targeting personality risk factors for youth alcohol misuse. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2007; 35:550-63. [PMID: 17007600 DOI: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3504_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Sensation seeking, anxiety sensitivity, and hopelessness are personality risk factors for alcohol use disorders, each associated with specific risky drinking motives in adolescents. We developed a set of interventions and manuals that were designed to intervene at the level of personality risk and associated maladaptive coping strategies, including alcohol misuse. Manuals contained psychoeducational information on the target personality risk factor and how it is associated with maladaptive coping, as well as exercises targeting maladaptive cognitions and behaviors specific to each personality type. We tested the efficacy of these novel interventions on reducing drinking behavior by randomly assigning 297 Canadian high school students (56% girls, mean age 16, mean grade 11) to personality-targeted interventions (group format; 2 sessions) or to a no-treatment control group. Intent-to-treat analyses indicated beneficial effects of the intervention and Intervention x Personality interactions on drinking rates, drinking quantity, binge drinking, and problem drinking symptoms at 4-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Section of Addiction, King's College London, University of London, London, UK.
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29
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Hittner JB, Swickert R. Sensation seeking and alcohol use: a meta-analytic review. Addict Behav 2006; 31:1383-401. [PMID: 16343793 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between sensation seeking and alcohol use. Analysis of 61 studies revealed a small to moderate size, heterogeneous effect (mean weighted r=.263) between alcohol use and sensation seeking total scale scores. Analysis of the four sensation seeking components indicated that disinhibition was most strongly correlated with alcohol use (mean weighted r=.368). Categorical moderator analyses revealed that studies that did, versus did not, analyze covariates yielded smaller effect sizes. Continuous moderator analyses indicated that earlier published studies and higher percentages of male and white Caucasian participants were associated with stronger effect sizes between sensation seeking and alcohol use. Novel statistical methodologies for analyzing the association between sensation seeking and alcohol use were proposed and recommendations for future research were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Hittner
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC 29424, USA.
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Hunt MK, Hopko DR, Bare R, Lejuez CW, Robinson EV. Construct validity of the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART): associations with psychopathy and impulsivity. Assessment 2006; 12:416-28. [PMID: 16244122 DOI: 10.1177/1073191105278740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To continue research assessing the validity of the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) as a measure of risk taking, the BART was administered to a nonforensic sample of individuals with varying levels of psychopathic characteristics. Construct validity of the BART was evaluated by measuring risk-taking behavior in relation to self-reported psychopathy, anxiety, psychophysiological data, and demographic variables. Supporting the construct validity of the BART, while controlling for variance accounted for by interrelated variables in the context of hierarchical regression analyses, higher self-reported psychopathy was significantly predictive of increased risk taking on the BART. Findings also revealed interesting gender differences in self-reported psychopathy and a trend for men to engage in riskier behavior. Limitations and research directions are presented.
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31
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Aklin WM, Lejuez CW, Zvolensky MJ, Kahler CW, Gwadz M. Evaluation of behavioral measures of risk taking propensity with inner city adolescents. Behav Res Ther 2005; 43:215-28. [PMID: 15629751 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2003] [Revised: 12/24/2003] [Accepted: 12/29/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the utility of behavioral measures of risk-taking propensity in the assessment of self-reported real-world risk-taking behaviors using a sample of 51 high-school-aged inner-city adolescents. Results indicated that performance on one behavioral measure, the balloon analogue risk task, accounted for unique variance in self-reported delinquency/safety risk behaviors as well as substance use risk behaviors, above and beyond that provided with demographics and self-report measures of risk-related constructs (i.e., impulsivity and sensation seeking). These results are discussed in relation to the potential utility of using a multimethod assessment approach for better understanding risk-taking vulnerability among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will M Aklin
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the cognitive model [Addict. Behav. 29 (2004) 159] of binge drinking in university students. In Study 1, 202 participants completed the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire (DEQ), the Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (DRSEQ), and the Khavari Alcohol Test (KAT). The results showed that both alcohol expectancies (AEs) and drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) are needed to discriminate between binge, social, and heavy drinkers. In general, binge drinkers tend to have higher AEs than social drinkers, and have slightly lower DRSE. However, young social and binge drinkers can only be discriminated on the basis of their AEs. One hundred and fourteen students were recruited for the second study, to predict which individuals would engage in binge drinking during a 4-week self-monitoring period. Over 80% of predicted binge drinkers binged at least once during the monitoring period. These two studies confirmed the cognitive model of binge drinking, and thus, hold implications for the prevention of binge drinking among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morawska
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Q4072, Australia
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Oei TPS, Morawska A. A cognitive model of binge drinking: the influence of alcohol expectancies and drinking refusal self-efficacy. Addict Behav 2004; 29:159-79. [PMID: 14667427 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4603(03)00076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
While binge drinking-episodic or irregular consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol-is recognised as a serious problem affecting our youth, to date there has been a lack of psychological theory and thus theoretically driven research into this problem. The current paper develops a cognitive model using the key constructs of alcohol expectancies (AEs) and drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) to explain the acquisition and maintenance of binge drinking. It is suggested that the four combinations of the AE and DRSE can explain the four drinking styles. These are normal/social drinkers, binge drinkers, regular heavy drinkers, and problem drinkers or alcoholics. Since AE and DRSE are cognitive constructs and therefore modifiable, the cognitive model can thus facilitate the design of intervention and prevention strategies for binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian P S Oei
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Roth M, Herzberg PY. A Validation and Psychometric Examination of the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS) in German Adolescents1. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2004. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759.20.3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Summary: The present study examines the reliability (internal consistency) and the the factorial validity, as well as the construct validity and the criterion-oriented validity (criterion: Delinquent behavior) of the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS; Arnett, 1994 ). The study analyzed a sample of German adolescents aged 14 to 16 years (N = 1236) who, in addition to the AISS, also completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the subscale Delinquent Behavior of the Youth Self-Report (YSR). The results, indeed, confirm the hypothesized two-factor structure of the AISS (novelty vs. intensity of stimulation), however, as indicated by modification indices and standardized expected parameter chances, some items had to be excluded from the model to provide an adequate fit for the data. Nevertheless, the internal consistencies of the shortened two-factor scale are considerably low, ranging from .46 to .58. As an index of construct validity, males scored higher than females on both the Intensity subscale and the Total scale. Correlation with the scales of the NEO-FFI revealed that the convergent and discriminant validities of the AISS-scales were quite satisfying. Indications of criterion-oriented validity were obtained by prediction of delinquent behavior (setting fire, stealing, and playing truant) using the Intensity subscale. On the whole, the results yielded sufficient support for the validity of the AISS, while pointing to certain desirable modifications.
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Roth M. Validation of the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS): efficiency to predict the willingness towards occupational chance, and affection by social desirability. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cameron CA, Stritzke WGK, Durkin K. Alcohol expectancies in late childhood: an ambivalence perspective on transitions toward alcohol use. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2003; 44:687-98. [PMID: 12831113 DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late childhood has been identified as a critical transition period in expectancies about alcohol use, but much previous theorising has been based on the assumption that the transition involves a simple shift from negative to positive. This paper addresses the possibility that young people entertain more complex alcohol-related expectancies, and are increasingly aware of both negative and positive consequences of consumption. METHOD Expectancies were measured in a sample of 233 primary school children aged 8, 10, and 12 years. Colour photographs of alcohol and non-alcohol items were presented in three conditions: item only, single adult, mixed group. RESULTS Consistent with the ambivalence model of alcohol use (Breiner, Stritzke, & Lang, 1999), children endorsed both positive and negative alcohol expectancies. There was a main effect for grade with older children endorsingalcohol expectancies more than younger children. At all ages, children's positive alcohol expectancies were higher than negative ones for wine and champagne, but the reverse was found for beer. Compared to non-alcohol stimuli, differences between positive and negative expectancies were much smaller for alcohol stimuli, indicating a more balanced or ambivalent expectancy configuration that was unique to alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Results are discussed with reference to motivational models of alcohol use that emphasise the role of ambivalence, and an integration of this ambivalence perspective with information processing theories of alcohol expectancy development is offered.
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Miller J, Flory K, Lynam D, Leukefeld C. A test of the four-factor model of impulsivity-related traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Roth M. Die deutsche Version des AISS: Psychometrische Kennwerte und Befunde zur Reliabilität und Validität. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1024//0170-1789.24.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Als alternatives Meßinstrument zu der bekannten, in den letzten Jahren jedoch stark kritisierten Sensation Seeking Scale - Form Five (SSS-V) von Zuckerman et al. (1978) wurde von Arnett (1994) das Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS) vorgelegt, das Intensität und Neuigkeit als die beiden Hauptdimensionen des SS-Merkmals postuliert. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde die deutsche Fassung des Instruments bezüglich psychometrischer Kennwerte, Reliabilität (interne Konsistenz) und Validität überprüft. 228 Studierende im Alter zwischen 19 und 23 Jahren bearbeiteten neben dem AISS, das NEO-Fünf-Faktoren-Inventar (NEO-FFI) sowie die SSS-V. Die Befunde stützen die angenommene zweidimensionale Struktur, zeigen jedoch auch, daß zur Verbesserung der internen Konsistenz der Verzicht auf einige Items notwendig erscheint. Hinweise auf die Kriteriumsvalidität ergaben sich unter anderem aus der Vorhersage des Drogenkonsums und riskanten Fahrverhaltens. Die Ergebnisse einer Analyse der konvergenten und diskriminanten Validitäten des Verfahrens waren sehr zufriedenstellend. Insgesamt ergaben die Ergebnisse eine hinreichende Unterstützung für die Validität des AISS, indizieren jedoch auch die Notwendigkeit einiger Modifikationen.
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Lejuez CW, Read JP, Kahler CW, Richards JB, Ramsey SE, Stuart GL, Strong DR, Brown RA. Evaluation of a behavioral measure of risk taking: the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). J Exp Psychol Appl 2002; 8:75-84. [PMID: 12075692 DOI: 10.1037/1076-898x.8.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1006] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study (N = 86) sought to evaluate a laboratory-based behavioral measure of risk taking (the Balloon Analogue Risk Task; BART) and to test associations between this measure and self-report measures of risk-related constructs as well as self-reported real-world risk behaviors. The BART evidenced sound experimental properties, and riskiness on the BART was correlated with scores on measures of sensation seeking, impulsivity, and deficiencies in behavioral constraint. Also, riskiness on the BART was correlated with the self-reported occurrence of addictive, health, and safety risk behaviors, with the task accounting for variance in these behaviors beyond that accounted for by demographics and self-report measures of risk-related constructs. These results indicate that the BART may be a useful tool in the assessment of risk taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Lejuez
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA.
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40
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The construct of sensation seeking as measured by Zuckerman's SSS-V and Arnett's AISS: a structural equation model. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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A Danish version of the Sensation Seeking Scale and its relation to a broad spectrum of behavioral and psychological characteristics. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Haynes CA, Miles JN, Clements K. A confirmatory factor analysis of two models of sensation seeking. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Grau E, Ortet G. Personality traits and alcohol consumption in a sample of non-alcoholic women. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Davis C, Katzman DK, Kirsh C. Compulsive physical activity in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a psychobehavioral spiral of pathology. J Nerv Ment Dis 1999; 187:336-42. [PMID: 10379720 DOI: 10.1097/00005053-199906000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The excessive exercising that is frequently observed in anorexia nervosa (AN) has been viewed both as an addictive behavior and as a type of obsessive compulsive disorder. The present study tested a nonrecursive structural equation model that specified associations among personality factors, cognitions, and behavior in the development and progression of excessive exercise in adolescent patients with AN. As proposed, findings indicated that both addictive personality and obsessive-compulsive personality contributed to excessive exercising by means of their influence on obligatory/pathological cognitions about exercising. Childhood physical activity also predicted excessive exercising. The implications of these results are discussed from a psychobiological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Davis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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