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de Oliveira PL, Mendonça MO, Gonçalves GS, Franco IG, Jané DR, de Oliveira Martins T, Bosculo MRM, Montechiesi DF, Zamboni VAG, Floriano BP, de Almeida BFM. Ozone therapy by rectal insufflation in dogs: safety and oxidative stress - a randomized cross-over study. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2263-2280. [PMID: 38733456 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Ozone therapy acts in the body inducing controlled oxidative stress, thereby improving the antioxidant, immune and circulatory responses. However, very little is known about how this therapy affects oxidative stress indicators in dogs. We aimed to assess the clinical, hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters of healthy dogs subjected to ozone therapy and oxygen therapy by rectal insufflation. Ten healthy dogs were allocated into three experimental groups in a cross-over design: control, without intervention; ozone, which received 100 µg of O3/kg through rectal insufflation; and oxygen, which received an ozone-equivalent volume of medicinal O2 through rectal insufflation. Dogs received four applications weekly and were followed up until the seventh week. Ozone therapy significantly increased the weight, mean corpuscular volume and mean platelet volume and decreased total cholesterol of treated dogs. Regarding oxidative stress, ozone therapy reduced total antioxidant capacity by ferric reduction (TAC-FRAP) in D7 compared with baseline and the control, significantly increased total antioxidant capacity by cupric reduction (TAC-CUPRAC) in D42 and D49 compared with the control group, caused an increase in uric acid compared with the oxygen group and decreased lipid peroxidation on D21 compared with the control group. In conclusion, ozone therapy through rectal insufflation causes transient oxidative stress followed by an antioxidant response and discreetly interferes with a few clinical, hematological and biochemical variables in healthy dogs, although variables still remained within the reference ranges for the species, thus proving the safety of the therapy. Furthermore, oxygen therapy causes oxidative stress without inducing a subsequent antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lima de Oliveira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (FMVA-Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Mariana Orlandini Mendonça
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Geovanna Santos Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Isadora Gimenez Franco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ribas Jané
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (FMVA-Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Tainara de Oliveira Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Maria Rachel Melo Bosculo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Aquiles Gomes Zamboni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (FMVA-Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Perez Floriano
- Department of Small Animal Clinic, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Breno Fernando Martins de Almeida
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (FMVA-Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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Nakazawa Y, Ohshima T, Kitagawa M, Nuruki T, Fujiwara-Igarashi A. Relationship between Respiratory Rate, Oxygen Saturation, and Blood Test Results in Dogs with Chronic or Acute Respiratory Disease: A Retrospective Study. Vet Sci 2024; 11:27. [PMID: 38250933 PMCID: PMC10818868 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and blood findings with respiratory disease in dogs and to compare the examination findings in the chronic and acute phases. Dogs that visited a veterinary referral hospital with respiratory symptoms were classified into the chronic disease group (GC), and those that visited the emergency veterinary hospital were classified into the acute disease group (GA). In total, 704 and 682 dogs were included in GC and GA, respectively. The RR and SpO2 were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in patients with lung disease compared to other disease sites in both groups. White blood cell counts were significantly increased in patients with lung and pleural diseases in both groups. Respiratory alkalosis and respiratory acidosis were most common in GC and GA, respectively. The C-reactive protein levels were elevated in both groups, primarily in patients with lung disease. Associations between the results of several tests for understanding and diagnosing respiratory conditions and diseases were recognized, and differences in the trends of the chronic and acute phases were clarified. These tools may be used as adjuncts to other tests for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.N.); (T.O.)
| | - Takafumi Ohshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.N.); (T.O.)
| | - Mami Kitagawa
- TRVA Emergency Animal Medical Center, 8-19-12 Fukasawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-0081, Japan; (M.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Takaomi Nuruki
- TRVA Emergency Animal Medical Center, 8-19-12 Fukasawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-0081, Japan; (M.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (Y.N.); (T.O.)
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Zhao C, Teng X, Yue W, Suo A, Zhou W, Ding D. The effect of acute toxicity from tributyltin on Liza haematocheila liver: Energy metabolic disturbance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106506. [PMID: 36989927 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a highly toxic and persistent organic pollutant, is widely distributed in coastal waters. Liza haematocheila (L. haematocheila) is one of bony fish distributing coincident with TBT, and exposure risk of TBT to this fish is unknown. In this study, L. haematocheila was exposed to TBT of 0, 3.4, 6.8, and 17.2 μg/L for 48 h to explore hepatic response mechanism. Our results showed that Sn content in livers increased after 48 h of exposure. HSI and histological changes indicated that TBT suppressed liver development of L. haematocheila. TBT reduced ATPase activities. The increased RB in blood and the reduced TBC were measured after exposure to TBT. T-AOC and antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPx activities were inhibited while MDA content was increased. Liver cells showed apoptosis characteristics after TBT exposure. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of livers was performed and the results showed energy metabolism-related GO term (such as ATPase complex and ATPase dependent transmembrance transport complex), oxidative stress-related GO term (such as Celllular response to oxidative stress and Antioxidant activity), and apoptosis-related GO term (such as Regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptosic signaling pathway). Moreover, we found six energy metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including three up-regulated DEGs (atnb233, cftr, and prkag2) and three down-regulated DEGs (acss1, abcd2, and smarcb1); five oxidative stress-related DEGs including one up-regulated DEG (mmp9) and four down-regulated DEG (prdx5, hsp90, hsp98, and gstf9); as well as six apoptosis-related DEGs including five up-regulated DEGs (casp8, cyc, apaf1, hccs, and dapk3) and one down-regulated DEG (bcl2l1). Our transcriptome data above further confirmed that acute stress of TBT led energy metabolic disturbance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in L. haematocheila livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Weizhong Yue
- Marine Environmental Engineering Center, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Anning Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Weiguo Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Dewen Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Grando MA, Costa V, Genova JL, Rupolo PE, de Azevedo LB, Costa LB, Carvalho ST, Ribeiro TP, Monteiro DP, de Oliveira Carvalho PL. Blend of essential oils can reduce diarrheal disorders and improve liver antioxidant status in weaning piglets. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:119-131. [PMID: 35760400 PMCID: PMC9834649 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to assess the effects of different doses of an essential oil blend (EOB) on growth performance, diarrhea occurrence (DO), hematological and blood biochemical profile, intestinal morphometry, morphology and microbiology, relative weight and length of organs, digestive content pH, and liver antioxidant status in weaning piglets. METHODS A total of 135 barrows (7.09±0.29 kg body weight) were allotted randomly in a randomized complete block design based on body weight with nine replications and three animals per pen. Dietary treatments were a negative control (NC): basal diet; positive control (PC): NC plus 125 mg performance-enhancing antibiotic (enramycin 8%)/kg diet; NC plus 100 mg EOB/kg diet (EO100); NC plus 200 mg EOB/kg diet (EO200); and NC plus 400 mg EOB/kg diet (EO400). Diarrhea occurrence was monitored daily, and performance at the end of each phase. RESULTS Gain to feed ratio was greater (p<0.05) in starter II pigs fed EO400 and EO200 than in those fed EO100. Pigs fed EO400 had lower (p<0.05) DO than those fed NC and EO100 in the total period. Pre-starter II pigs fed NC had (p<0.05) lower serum total protein and plasma protein than pigs fed PC. Pigs fed EO100 showed smaller (p<0.05) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than pigs fed EO400. Starter II pigs fed EO400 had (p<0.05) greater MCV and lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin and erythrocytes than those fed EO100. There was a greater concentration (p<0.05) of band cells for PC, similar to EO400 and EO200. Performance-enhancing antibiotic and EOB to diets increased (p<0.05) liver superoxide dismutase activity. CONCLUSION Adding 200 and 400 mg EOB/kg diet decreased DO and was advantageous to hematological and blood biochemical profile and liver antioxidant status without being detrimental to growth performance and gastrointestinal health in nursery pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Ananda Grando
- Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960-000,
Brazil,Corresponding Authors: Maiara Ananda Grando, Tel: +55-45-99924-9941,, E-mail: . Jansller Luiz Genova, Tel: +55-67-98220-8861,, E-mail:
| | - Vanessa Costa
- Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960-000,
Brazil
| | - Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900,
Brazil,Corresponding Authors: Maiara Ananda Grando, Tel: +55-45-99924-9941,, E-mail: . Jansller Luiz Genova, Tel: +55-67-98220-8861,, E-mail:
| | - Paulo Evaristo Rupolo
- Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960-000,
Brazil
| | - Liliana Bury de Azevedo
- Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960-000,
Brazil
| | - Leandro Batista Costa
- Animal Science, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Curitiba, 80215-901,
Brazil
| | - Silvana Teixeira Carvalho
- Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960-000,
Brazil
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Milstein MS, Shaffer CA, Suse P, Marawanaru A, Heinrich DA, Larsen PA, Wolf TM. A mixed-methods approach to understanding domestic dog health and disease transmission risk in an indigenous reserve in Guyana, South America. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010469. [PMID: 35687596 PMCID: PMC9223617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) can transmit a variety of pathogens due to their ubiquitousness in urban, rural and natural environments, and their close interactions with wildlife and humans. In this study, we used a mixed-methods approach to assess the role of domestic dogs as potential intermediaries of disease transmission from wildlife to humans among indigenous Waiwai in the Konashen Community Owned Conservation Area, Guyana. To address these objectives we 1) performed physical examinations and collected biological samples to assess Waiwai domestic dog health, and 2) administered questionnaires to characterize the role of dogs in the community and identify potential transmission pathways between wildlife, dogs, and humans. We observed ectoparasites on all dogs (n = 20), including: fleas (100%), ticks (15%), botflies (30%), and jigger flea lesions (Tunga penetrans) (80%). Ten percent of dogs were seropositive for Ehrlichia canis/ewingii, 10% were positive for Dirofilaria immitis, and one dog was seropositive for Leishmania infantum. All dogs (n = 20) were seronegative for: canine distemper virus, Brucella canis, Leptospira serovars, Trypanosoma cruzi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys and Borrelia burgdorferi. Our questionnaire data revealed that the Waiwai remove ectoparasites from their dogs, clean up dog feces, and administer traditional and/or Western medicine to their dogs. White blood cell, strongyle-type ova, and eosinophil counts were lower in dogs that were not frequently used for hunting, dogs that did receive traditional and/or western medicine, and dogs that were frequently kept in elevated dog houses, although differences were not statistically significant. While our results suggest that the Waiwai have developed cultural practices that may promote dog health and/or prevent zoonotic disease transmission, more research is necessary to determine the efficacy of these practices. Our study provides important data on the health of dogs and the potential for disease transmission to humans in a zoonotic hotspot. Domestic dogs are found throughout the world and interact closely with both wildlife and humans. Dogs can harbor numerous diseases that can be transmitted to other domestic and wildlife species, and human populations. They can serve as bridges, moving diseases between unconnected populations. Additionally, dogs can help in the early detection of wildlife and human diseases. Therefore, understanding what pathogens domestic dogs harbor can inform both wildlife and human health. In this study, we performed physical examinations, collected biological samples, and administered questionnaires to assess dog health and understand the role of dogs as potential bridges of disease transmission from wildlife to humans among indigenous Waiwai in the Konashen Community Owned Conservation Area, Guyana. On physical exam, we observed ectoparasites on all dogs, however, few pathogens were detected with diagnostic screening. Our questionnaire data revealed that the Waiwai engage in husbandry practices that may promote Waiwai dog health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa S. Milstein
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher A. Shaffer
- Department of Anthropology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Phillip Suse
- Masakenari Village, Konashen Indigenous District, Region 9, Guyana
| | - Aron Marawanaru
- Masakenari Village, Konashen Indigenous District, Region 9, Guyana
| | - Daniel A. Heinrich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tiffany M. Wolf
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Khalid A, Ali Jaffar M, Khan T, Abbas Lail R, Ali S, Aktas G, Waris A, Javaid A, Ijaz N, Muhammad N. Hematological and biochemical parameters as diagnostic and prognostic markers in SARS-COV-2 infected patients of Pakistan: a retrospective comparative analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:529-542. [PMID: 34334100 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2021.1950898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate alteration in blood parameters and their association with the presence, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 patients as the data on hematological abnormalities associated with the Pakistani COVID-19 patients is limited.Methodology: A double-centered, hospital-based comparative retrospective case study was conducted, to include all the admitted patients (n = 317) having COVID-19 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive. The control group (n = 157) tested negative for COVID-19.Results: Of 317 admitted cases, the majority were males n = 198 (62.5%). Associated comorbidities, lower lymphocytes, platelets, and higher White blood cells, neutrophil, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were found in COVID-19 cases as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 for all). The biochemical parameters of cases including Ferritin, D-Dimer, CRP, IL-6, LDH, ALT, AST, and APTT also showed a statistically significant difference compared with standard values (p < 0.001 for all). However, their comparison with a severity level of the severe and non-severe groups showed significance for WBCs, neutrophils, NLR (p < 0.001 for all), and PLR (p = 0.06) only. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that NLR had the highest area under curve (0.84) followed by 1/lymphocyte (0.82), neutrophils (0.74), PLR (0.67),1/platelets (0.68) and WBC's (0.65). Comparison of cases and controls with recommended cut-off values derived from sensitivity and 1-specificity was also done (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Monitoring all the hematological and biochemical parameters including novel hemograms NLR, PLR can aid clinicians to identify potentially severe cases at early stages and initiate effective management in time which may reduce the overall mortality of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqa Khalid
- Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal, affiliated with University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Jaffar
- Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal, affiliated with University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tabinda Khan
- Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal, affiliated with University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raees Abbas Lail
- Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal, affiliated with University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ali
- Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Waris
- Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amnah Javaid
- Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal, affiliated with University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nouman Ijaz
- Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal, affiliated with University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Mutwedu VB, Nyongesa AW, Azine PC, Chiregereza DK, Ngoumtsop VH, Mugumaarhahama Y, Ayagirwe RBB. Growth performance and reproductive function impairment of glyphosate-based herbicide in male guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1047-1055. [PMID: 33555111 PMCID: PMC8136967 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate formulations, widely applied non-selective systemic herbicides, are progressively becoming the most controversial pesticides on the market due the adverse effects they pose to humans and environment. The information on these potential hazardous effects to the handlers of the pesticide remains obscure. This study investigated effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on growth performance, seminal parameters and hemato-biochemical profiles in male guinea pig. Forty sexually mature male guinea pigs weighing between 393.3 and 418.4 g were divided into four groups of 10 animals each and orally administered 0, 186, 280 and 560 mg/kg body weight of WILLOSATE daily for 60 days. Daily feed intake and body weight gain were recorded. At the end of experimental period all animals were humanely sacrificed, and blood samples and vital organs were collected for appropriate analysis. Results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in body weight gain (-102.2%), final body weight (-9.8%) and feed intake (-13.1%) of animals following sub-chronic exposure of WILLOSATE. The weights of the liver and kidney increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 25.4% and 28.8%, respectively, while testicular weights decreased (p < 0.05) by 24% with increasing doses of WILLOSATE. A decrease in sperm motility (-67.9%), viability (-52.7%) and concentration per vas deferens (-40.7%), and an increase in sperm major (28.1%) and minor (45.3%) morphological aberrations were recorded in WILLOSATE - exposed guinea pigs when compared to controls. There was a dose-dependent increase (p < 0.05) in MCV and WBC and a decrease in Hb content and RBC, as well as serum content in total protein (-11.8%). The serum content of cholesterol (37.8%), urea (87.1%), creatinine (22.4%), ALAT (74.2%) and ASAT (88.7%) were significantly higher in treated groups compared to controls. These results point toward the toxic effects of WILLOSATE on vital organs and reproductive function of the body at high doses and long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valence Bwana Mutwedu
- Department of Animal ProductionFaculty of Agriculture and Environmental StudiesUniversité Evangélique en Afrique (UEA)BukavuDR Congo
| | | | - Pascaline Ciza Azine
- Department of Animal ProductionFaculty of Agriculture and Environmental StudiesUniversité Evangélique en Afrique (UEA)BukavuDR Congo
| | - Daniel Katulanya Chiregereza
- Department of Animal ProductionFaculty of Agriculture and Environmental StudiesUniversité Evangélique en Afrique (UEA)BukavuDR Congo
| | | | - Yannick Mugumaarhahama
- Department of Animal ProductionFaculty of Agriculture and Environmental StudiesUniversité Evangélique en Afrique (UEA)BukavuDR Congo
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Alimba CG, Adewumi OO, Binuyo OM, Odeigah PGC. Wild black rats (Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758) as zoomonitor of genotoxicity and systemic toxicity induced by hazardous emissions from Abule Egba unsanitary landfill, Lagos, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10603-10621. [PMID: 33098559 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wild black rats (Rattus rattus) inhabiting Abule Egba landfill (AEL) were used as zoomonitor to assess health risk associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals from landfills. Twenty five R. rattus (16♂ and 9♀) captured within AEL and 15 (9♂ and 6♀) (control) caught from Iyano Ipaja (10 km away from AEL) were examined for bone marrow micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) ratio, abnormal sperm morphology, alterations in hematological indices and erythrocyte morphology, and histopathology of the viscera using standard protocols. There was significant (p < 0.05) increase in MNPCE but decrease PCE/NCE ratio in bone marrow cells of exposed rats than the reference site. MNPCE was insignificantly higher in male than females. Cauda epididymal sperms from exposed rats showed significant high frequency of teratozoospermia. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentrations, percentage hematocrits, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations, leucocyte count, and lymphocytes decreased while mean corpuscular volume, neutrophils, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin increased in the exposed rats compared to the control. Also, abnormal erythrocyte morphology: acanthocytes, codocytes (target cells), schizocytes, and tear drops significantly increased in the exposed rats. Marginal sexual dimorphism was observed between males and females in the incidence of hematological indices. Histopathological lesions including interstitial edema, hemorrhage, lymphoid depletion, cellular infiltrations, proliferation of the alveolar pneumocytes, necrosis, tissue degeneration, and reduced germinal epithelium were observed in the testes, liver, lungs, heart, kidney, and spleen from the exposed rats compared to the control. Some physicochemicals and metals analyzed in leachates from the landfill are capable of inducing genome instability and systemic toxicity in the exposed rats. Rattus rattus exposed to hazardous chemicals from AEL harbored somatic and germ cell mutations, and tissue damage compared to the control rats. We suggest that R. rattus are useful sentinel for genotoxicity and system toxicity assessment of landfill-polluted sites.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuisi G Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Olusoji O Adewumi
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
- Biology Unit, Distance Learning Institute, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olufisayo M Binuyo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Peter G C Odeigah
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
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Gunduz M, Temel H. Reference intervals for complete blood count from Umbilical Cord Blood in newborns and comparison with Venous Blood Values. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:439-444. [PMID: 33679928 PMCID: PMC7931296 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.2.2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Umbilical cord blood which can be obtained by a non-invasive method can be informative about the clinical status of the newborn. It was aimed to establish reference intervals for umbilical cord blood parameters, and to compare complete blood count results between umbilical cord and venous blood samples in this study. Methods: This study was conducted at Medipol University Sefaköy Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey. A total of 1898 newborns who were born in a two-year period between January 2018 and December 2019 were included in the study. Venous blood samples were taken from 184 of them, and umbilical cord blood samples were taken from 1714 newborns. Results: The percentiles were determined according to gender and delivery method for the hematological parameters of umbilical cord blood. While mean platelet, eosinophil and mean corpuscular volume values were similar between the groups (p>0.05 for each), and significant differences were found between the groups in terms of all other mean hematological parameters (p<0.05 for each). Conclusion: The results of the complete blood count of umbilical cord blood samples can provide reliable information about the newborn. There are significant differences between umbilical cord and venous blood samples in terms of hematological parameters. For these reasons, it is necessary to determine reliable value ranges for umbilical cord blood hematological parameters in newborns. Data of our study can be a guide for further studies and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gunduz
- Dr. Mehmet Gunduz, M.D. Assistant Professor, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Medipol Sefaköy Hospital, Sefaköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayrettin Temel
- Dr. Hayrettin Temel, M.D. Assistant Professor, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Medipol Mega Hospital Complex, Bağcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
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DE AK, PERUMAL P, GEORGE Z, MONDAL S, MUNISWAMY K, SAWHNEY S, RAVI SK, KUNDU A, KUNDU MS, BHATTACHARYA D. Haematology, serum biochemistry and mineral profiles of Trinket cattle, an endangered feral cattle associated with the colonial history of Nicobar. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i8.109245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trinket cattle is a highly endangered feral cattle of Trinket Island, linked with the colonial history of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Danish people during their colonial time introduced these cattle in Trinket Island. Great Sumatra earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 has forced these cattle to become feral in nature. Due to negligence, the cattle is at the brink of extinction and only around 150 of descendants of the cattle are reported. In the present study, the haematology, serum biochemistry and mineral profiles of Trinket cattle were evaluated. Study indicated that all the values were under the normal physiological range. These findings of this study may serve as reference values in which alterations due to metabolic, nutrient deficiency, physiological and health status can be compared for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose.
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Bando MKH, Nelson OL, Kogan C, Sellon R, Wiest M, Bacon HJ, Hunter-Ishikawa M, Leadbeater W, Yamazaki K, Jin Y, Komatsu T, McGeachy D. Metabolic derangements and reduced survival of bile-extracted Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus). BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:263. [PMID: 31352899 PMCID: PMC6661835 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Across China and Southeast Asia, an estimated 17,000 bears are currently farmed for bile, primarily for traditional medicines. Depending on country, bile is extracted daily via transabdominal gallbladder fistulas, indwelling catheters, or needle aspiration. Despite claims that bears do not develop adverse effects from bile extraction, health issues identified in bears removed from bile farms include bile-extraction site infections, abdominal hernias, peritonitis, cholecystitis, hepatic neoplasia, cardiac disease, skeletal abnormalities, and abnormal behaviors. We present a comprehensive assessment of the effects of bile farming by comparing serum biochemical and hematological values of bears from farms that were bile-extracted (BE) and bears from farms not bile-extracted (FNE) with bears from non-farm captive (ZOO) and free-range (FR) environments. We hypothesized BE bears would have significant laboratory abnormalities compared to all non-extracted bear groups. We also hypothesized BE bears would have reduced long-term survival compared to FNE bears despite removal from farms. Results BE bears exhibited the highest values and greatest variation (on a population level) in laboratory parameters compared to all non-extracted bear groups particularly for alanine transaminase, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (CREA), and total white blood cell count. Significant differences were detected between bear groups when accounting for season, sex, and/or age. BE bears exhibited greater mean serum GGT compared to all non-extracted bear groups, and the odds of having elevated TBIL were 7.3 times greater for BE bears, consistent with hepatobiliary disease. Biochemical parameter elevations in BE bears persisted up to 14 years post-rescue, consistent with long-term effects of bile-extraction. BE bears that arrived with elevated CREA and ALKP had median survival times of 1 and 4 years respectively, and regardless of laboratory abnormalities, BE bears had significantly shorter survival times compared to FNE bears. Conclusions Our results provide strong evidence that bile extraction practices not only represent a temporary constraint for bears’ welfare, but confer distinct long-term adverse health consequences. Routine laboratory panels may be insensitive to detect the extent of underlying illness in BE bears as these bears have significantly reduced survival regardless of biochemical assessment compared to FNE bears. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-2006-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Kaho Herkules Bando
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646610, 100 Grimes Way, ADBF, Pullman, Washington, 99164-6610, USA.
| | - O Lynne Nelson
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646610, 100 Grimes Way, ADBF, Pullman, Washington, 99164-6610, USA
| | - Clark Kogan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Statistical Education and Research (CISER), Washington State University, Abelson Suite 227, Office 221, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
| | - Rance Sellon
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646610, 100 Grimes Way, ADBF, Pullman, Washington, 99164-6610, USA
| | - Michelle Wiest
- Department of Statistical Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 1104, Moscow, ID, 83844-1104, USA
| | - Heather J Bacon
- Jeanne Marchig International Centre for Animal Welfare Education, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Mandala Hunter-Ishikawa
- Ensessa Kotteh Wildlife Rescue, Born Free Foundation Ethiopia, PO Box 3138/1250, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wendy Leadbeater
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital, Lucky Centre, 1/F, 165-171 Rd, Wan Chai Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
| | - Koji Yamazaki
- Forest Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yipeng Jin
- Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu #2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Takeshi Komatsu
- Kumakuma-en Kitaakita, 1-39 Ani-utto-Jinba, Kitaakita, Akita, 018-4733, Japan
| | - David McGeachy
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, CW405, Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
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Yuki M, Aoyama R, Hirano T, Tawada R, Ogawa M, Naitoh E, Kainuma D, Nagata N. Investigation of serum cortisol concentration as a potential prognostic marker in hospitalized dogs: a prospective observational study in a primary care animal hospital. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:170. [PMID: 31126272 PMCID: PMC6534851 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dogs with various medical diseases are usually treated at hospitals; however, the prognostic markers in dogs remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of serum cortisol concentration (SCC) to predict the prognosis of dogs with medical diseases. At 0 and 24 h after hospitalization, the neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, blood glucose concentration, and SCC were measured. Survival for 30 days from the time of hospitalization was investigated, and the dogs were divided into a survivor group and a non-survivor group. RESULTS The neutrophil count at 24 h, SCC at 24 h, increase in SCC from 0 to 24 h (Inc-SCC), and the rate of increase in SCC from 0 to 24 h (R-Inc-SCC) were significantly higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve values for the neutrophil count at 24 h, SCC at 24 h, Inc-SCC, and R-Inc-SCC were 0.695, 0.72, 0.63, and 0.66, respectively. Using the highest area under the ROC curve value, the sensitivity and specificity of SCC at a cutoff level of 6.6 μg/dL for predicting mortality were 89.5 and 61.9%, respectively. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier curves confirmed the significant prognostic influence of SCC at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS SCC as a marker of stress is a useful biomarker for predicting the prognosis of dogs with medical diseases requiring hospital treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yuki
- Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 Kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Reina Aoyama
- Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 Kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 Kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Aichi, Japan
| | - Reina Tawada
- Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 Kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ogawa
- Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 Kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eiji Naitoh
- Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 Kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daiki Kainuma
- Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 Kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 Kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Aichi, Japan
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Ghazanfar K, Dar SA, Nazir T, Akbar S. Subchronic oral toxicity study of Habb-e-Suranjan in albino Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 15:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2017-0144/jcim-2017-0144.xml. [PMID: 29590082 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundHabb-e-Suranjan(HS) is a Unani pharmacopoeial formulation used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The present study was carried to evaluate the toxic potential of HS in albino Wistar rats.MethodsThe subchronic was carried out at the dose levels of 2440 mg/kg of body weight in both sexes. The rats were observed carefully for any behavioral change for next 24 hours (hr) after the administration of the drug and daily twice thereafter till the completion of experimentation. Water/feed consumption and body weight were recorded on weekly basis. The rats were sacrificed on 91st day after overnight fasting. Blood was collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. The rats were dissected and organs were observed for any morphological changes. Organ samples were collected for histological studies.ResultsThere were no incidences of mortality/morbidity found in any of the treated rats.HScaused no significant difference in the body weights as well as relative organs weights of treated groups when compared with the control groups. There were no significant changes found in any biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters that could indicate any signs of toxicity.ConclusionsThe study suggests thatHSis safe and did not induce any adverse effect in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ghazanfar
- Drug Standardization Research Unit, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, India
| | - Showkat A Dar
- Drug Standardization Research Unit, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, India
| | - Tazeen Nazir
- Drug Standardization Research Unit, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, India
| | - Seema Akbar
- Drug Standardization Research Unit, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, India
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Hamilton-Elliott J, Ambrose E, Christley R, Dukes-McEwan J. White blood cell differentials in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) in comparison to those in dogs without cardiac disease. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:364-372. [PMID: 29314019 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if dogs with congestive heart failure have different white blood cell differential cell counts than dogs without cardiac disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 72 dogs with congestive heart failure and 143 controls were included in this retrospective study. Signalment, white blood cell differential counts and echocardiography data were retrieved. Basic statistical analysis was performed on white blood cell differential counts, and principal component analysis was used to compare these counts between cases and controls, with age, gender and case/control status as supplementary variables. Cases and controls were compared with binary logistic regression for the principal components identified and individual white blood cell differential counts. Principal component analysis of cases alone was conducted with age, gender, weight and mitral E wave:isovolumic relaxation time as supplementary variables. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the association between mitral E wave:isovolumic relaxation time and the principal components, weight, gender, age and diagnosis (mitral valve disease or dilated cardiomyopathy). RESULTS Among cases and controls, the largest variance in data (component 1) was associated with neutrophils, band neutrophils, monocytes and case status (P<0·01). The odds of an individual being a case increased 2·5-fold (95% confidence interval: 1·4 to 4·4) for each unit increase in component 1. Among the cases, mitral E wave:isovolumic relaxation time was associated with neutrophil count and case/control category. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dogs with congestive heart failure had a statistically significant increase in neutrophils, band neutrophils and monocytes in comparison with those without cardiac disease but the cell counts remained within normal reference intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hamilton-Elliott
- Cardiology Service, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, Chester, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - E Ambrose
- Cardiology Service, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, Chester, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - R Christley
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, Chester, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - J Dukes-McEwan
- Cardiology Service, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, Chester, CH64 7TE, UK
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Roderick KV, Abelson AL, Nielsen L, Price LL, Quinn R. Evaluation of red blood cell distribution width as a prognostic indicator in cats with acquired heart disease, with and without congestive heart failure. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:648-656. [PMID: 27225272 PMCID: PMC11128818 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x16649988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Congestive heart failure secondary to cardiomyopathy is a common manifestation of cardiac disease in cats, carrying a variable prognosis. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and survival time in feline patients with acquired heart disease with and without congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods Three hundred and forty-nine client-owned cats with echocardiograms and complete blood count, including RDW measurement, performed between March 2006 and December 2011, were included in the study. Patient characteristics, including signalment, hematocrit, RDW, echocardiographic parameters and survival, were recorded. Comparisons between RDW in cats with asymptomatic acquired heart disease and those with CHF were made. Survival was documented and compared at 30 days and 6 months. Results CHF was present in 80 cats and absent in 269 cats. Cats with CHF had an increase in mortality compared with cats without CHF at 30 days and 6 months ( P = 0.007 and P = 0.04, respectively). RDW was not significantly associated with survival in cats with or without CHF at 30 days or 6 months. A significant difference was found between median RDW values in cats with CHF vs cats without CHF (16.3% vs 15.8%; P = 0.02). The median RDW value was significantly higher in cats with unclassified cardiomyopathy compared with cats with other types of cardiomyopathy (16.3% vs 15.8%; P = 0.03). Conclusions and relevance Single RDW values did not predict mortality in cats with acquired heart disease but may be useful in determining if cats have decompensated heart disease and CHF. Human studies indicate that incremental increases in serial RDW measurements are associated with decreased survival; serial RDW measurements in cats may be an area of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kursten V Roderick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, USA
- Angell Animal Medical Center, MA, USA
| | - Amanda L Abelson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, USA
| | | | - Lori Lyn Price
- The Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, MA, USA
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, MA, USA
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Kalita MK, Haloi K, Devi D. Cypermethrin Formulation (Ustad-10 EC) Induces Genotoxicity via Apoptosis, Affects Nutritional Physiology, and Modulates Immune Response in Silkworm Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1010-1024. [PMID: 28369445 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide with high insecticidal activity, low mammalian toxicity, and biodegradability. The present study aimed to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the secondary toxic effects of a commercial formulation of cypermethrin on silkworm Philosamia ricini Hutt of Northeast India. The potential genotoxicity of cypermethrin on silkworm hemocyte was examined by comet assay, caspase activation, and annexin V affinity assay. Alteration in nutritional physiology and histoarchitecture of the gut region was evaluated. Additionally, immunotoxicological effect of cypermethrin was studied by phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme assay, and abundance of circulating hemocytes. The LC50 value at 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-h exposure period was recorded as 185.96, 105.34, 72.42, and 58.41 µg/liter, respectively. Approximately sevenfold increase in mean comet tail length was observed at 24 h posttreatment with sublethal concentrations of cypermethrin. Cypermethrin also induced apoptosis and activated caspase reaction in silkworm hemocytes. Moreover, a significant decrease in digestive enzyme activity was observed at higher concentrations of cypermethrin. In cypermethrin-exposed groups, alteration in histoarchitecture was also observed in the form of ruptured microvilli and thin, deformed, fused mucous layer. The PO enzyme and lysozyme enzyme activity was also altered with sublethal concentration of cypermethrin. Total hemocyte count was reduced to 10587.10, 10052.30, 9234.30, and 8842.60 per mm3 with 10, 20, 30, and 40 µg/liter, respectively. The results offer new insights into the negative consequences of very low concentrations of cypermethrin formulations on nonmulberry silkworm of Northeast India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moni Kankana Kalita
- Seri-Biotech Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781035, India (; ; )
| | - Kishor Haloi
- Seri-Biotech Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781035, India (; ; )
| | - Dipali Devi
- Seri-Biotech Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781035, India ( ; ; )
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Mota SM, Ferreira AF, Azevedo J, Nery TL, Zermiani F, Queiroga FL. Biometric values, C-reactive protein, and proteinogram of healthy blonde capuchin (Sapajus flavius) kept in northeast of Brazil. J Med Primatol 2016; 45:318-323. [PMID: 27628012 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sapajus flavius is a species of capuchin monkey classified as critically endangered. Studies related to their biometric values are scarce with incomplete external measurement reports available from only four specimens. Moreover, information regarding proteinogram is limited with no reference to C-reactive protein (CRP) and globulin fractions for this species. METHODS Biometric values, CRP, and proteinogram were determined for 12 clinically healthy S. flavius, kept in captivity in João Pessoa, Brazil. RESULTS The measured values in biometric parameters present a tendency to be higher in males. The CRP mean values from 12 S. flavius were 1.2±0.2 mg/dL. For albumin, alpha, beta, and gamma globulin fraction parameters, the reference interval was calculated. CONCLUSIONS Authors believe that with certain limitations, results obtained can be helpful for the populations in the wild, which could be of great aid in detecting unhealthy individuals and therefore contributing to the conservation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Machado Mota
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Adriano Fernandes Ferreira
- Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Académico de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Brazil
| | - Jair Azevedo
- Parque Zoobotânico Arruda da Câmara, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Felisbina Luisa Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and ultrasonographic aspects of Platynosomum sp. (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) infection of captive Callithrix penicillata. Primates 2016; 57:279-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-016-0520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mangal M, Sharma SK. Effect of Repeated Administration of Cefquinome on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Buffalo Calves. Toxicol Int 2016; 22:110-3. [PMID: 26862270 PMCID: PMC4721157 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.172267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Cefquinome, a fourth generation of cephalosporins have been developed for use in animals. Similar to other species, it may also have some adverse reactions in buffalo calves at therapeutic dosage. In the present study, effect of repeated administration of cefquinome on biochemical and hematological parameters was studied in buffalo calves. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into two groups having three animals in each group. Group 1 was kept as control and animals of Group 2 were given cefquinome at dose rate of 2 mg.kg−1 body weight by intramuscular route for continuously 7 days. Blood samples were collected daily and 3 days post treatment. Results: The values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) in control animals were in the range of 127.7–148.3 IU/L,49.0–55.6 IU/L, 14.0–17.3 IU/L, and 111.0–134.3 IU/L, respectively. The repeated administration of cefquinome did not influence the plasma activities of AST, ALT, GGTP, and ALKP in treated animals. The level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine before treatment was 14.3 ± 0.88 mg/dl and1.70 ± 0.04 mg/dl, which significantly increased on 3rd day (21.0 ± 1.53 mg/dl) and 2nd day (2.33 ± 0.07 mg/dl), respectively. Among hematological parameters, there was significant variation in levels of hemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte count (TEC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in treated animals. No abnormal clinical symptoms were observed in any animal. Conclusion: The results revealed that clinically, the therapy of cefquinome may be continued up to 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Mangal
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Tazoho GM, Gouado I, Ndomou M, Bonsi ST, Wamba YM, Agbor EE. Clinical, Hematological and Biochemical Health Benefit Effects of <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Lin Dried Calyces Beverage in Human. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2016.75040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Diogo CC, Fabretti AK, Camassa JADA, Bonelli MDA, Arias MVB, Pereira PM. Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Erythrocytosis in a Dog: A Case Report. Top Companion Anim Med 2015; 30:65-7. [PMID: 26359727 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary erythrocytosis, or polycythemia vera, is a myeloproliferative disease caused by the exaggerated increase of erythroid precursor cells in the bone marrow. We report the case of an 11-year-old male mixed-breed dog that had tachypnea and spastic tetraplegia. There was a significant increase in hematocrit. After phlebotomy and fluid therapy, the dog's condition improved. A diagnosis of primary erythrocytosis was supported by serum levels of erythropoietin. The dog responded well to treatment with administration of hydroxyurea (15 mg/kg), phlebotomies, and fluid therapy. However, after 18 months, he had an acute recurrence of clinical signs and was euthanized. We observed that long-term maintenance with hydroxyurea at a dosage of 15 mg/kg every 48 hours was adequate for managing polycythemia vera, with a survival time of 18 months in the present case. However, longer dose intervals are likely not appropriate. We believe that this may be helpful to other veterinarians facing the same problems in the treatment of polycythemia vera.
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Ramya AS, Uppala D, Majumdar S, Surekha C, Deepak KGK. Are salivary amylase and pH - Prognostic indicators of cancers? J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2015; 5:81-5. [PMID: 26258019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva, "Mirror of body's health" has long been of particular interest as a substitute for blood for disease diagnosis and monitoring. The radiation effects on salivary glands are of particular interest in which salivary amylase is a good indicator of salivary glands function. Thus, estimation of these parameters represents a reasonable approach in evaluation of patient's risk for disease occurrence, intensity and prognosis. AIM OF STUDY To evaluate and compare the pH and amylase levels in saliva of cancer patients prior to treatment, patients during treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saliva samples of 90 individuals were taken which were divided into 3 groups - 30 individuals without cancer, 30 cancer patients prior treatment and 30 cancer patients during treatment. Materials used were pH strips and pH meter, Salivary Amylase assay. RESULTS Statistical analysis - ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey's test. 1) Significant decrease in salivary amylase levels - in cancer patients, during treatment when compared to others. 2) Significant decrease in salivary pH levels in newly diagnosed cancer patients prior to treatment. CONCLUSION To conclude, pH strips and pH meter showed to be a useful tool in the measurement of pH of saliva in individuals with and without cancer. This study showed that cancer patients without treatment have a lower pH of saliva. Treatment increased the pH of the saliva to a more alkaline level whereas amylase levels decreased in those subjects. Therefore those parameters can be an area of further research with an increased sample size, which in-turn may help in opening the doors for new dimension in non invasive prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atmakuri Shanmukha Ramya
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Gitam Dental College, Rushikonda, Vishakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Divya Uppala
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Gitam Dental College, Rushikonda, Vishakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Sumit Majumdar
- Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Gitam Dental College, Rushikonda, Vishakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Ch Surekha
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Gitam Institute of Sciences, GITAM Dental College, Rushikonda, Vishakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - K G K Deepak
- Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Gitam Institute of Sciences, GITAM Dental College, Rushikonda, Vishakhapatnam, 530045, India
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Hematology and serum biochemistry values of free-ranging Iberian wolves (Canis lupus) trapped by leg-hold snares. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-014-0883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fujino Y, Nakamura Y, Matsumoto H, Fukushima K, Takahashi M, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Development and evaluation of a novel in-clinic automated hematology analyzer, ProCyte Dx, for canine erythrocyte indices, leukogram, platelet counts and reticulocyte counts. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1519-24. [PMID: 23811854 PMCID: PMC3942973 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel hematology analyzer for small animal medicine, ProCyte Dx, was developed from
combination of the fluorescence laser flow cytometry and laminar flow impedance
technologies, and its accuracy was evaluated by comparing with the conventional
impedance-based hematology analyzer, pocH-100iV Diff, or microscopic manual cell counting
methods with staining blood smears in the canine blood. Blood samples of 59 dogs were
hematologically analyzed and compared by Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Analyses
between the two analyzers showed excellent correlation in RBC (r=0.998), HGB (r=0.999),
HCT (r=0.998), MCV (r=0.994), MCH (r=0.974), MCHC (r=0.906), WBC (r=0.998) and PLT
(r=0.993). Analyses between ProCyte Dx and microscopic manual counting results showed
excellent correlation in neutrophils (r=0.920), lymphocytes (r=0.913) and reticulocyte
percentages (r=0.924), good correlation in eosinophils (r=0.815) and reticulocyte numbers
(r=0.850) and fair correlation in monocytes (r=0.770). The present study indicates that
ProCyte Dx is acceptably accurate and can be a powerful tool for canine clinical
medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Fujino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Chikazawa S, Nakazawa T, Hori Y, Hoshi F, Kanai K, Ito N, Orino K, Watanabe K, Higuchi S. Change in serum ferritin concentration in experimentally induced anemia of chronic inflammation in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1419-26. [PMID: 23803460 PMCID: PMC3942990 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In veterinary medicine, hyperferritinemia is often observed in dogs with various diseases
(e.g., histiocytic sarcoma and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia) without evidence of iron
overload. The mechanism underlying hyperferritinemia development is not well understood.
Anemia caused by inflammation is termed as anemia of chronic disease (ACD), and
experimentally induced ACD is known to cause slight hyperferritinemia. However, almost all
these studies were based on short-term acute inflammation. Hepcidin, a protein mainly
produced by hepatocytes, is thought to be a key regulator in iron release from
reticuloendothelial cells (RECs), and its expression is related to ACD. We hypothesized
that in the case of long-term ACD, iron deposition in RECs increases through hepcidin,
causing a diachronic increase in serum ferritin levels. In the present study, we used a
canine model with repeated subcutaneous administration of turpentine oil every 3 days over
a period of 42 days (15 injections) and induced long-term inflammatory conditions;
furthermore, we evaluated the change in serum ferritin concentration. Hypoproliferative
anemia, bone marrow iron deposition and hypoferremia, which are characteristic of ACD,
were observed on administering the turpentine injections. Hepatic iron content, hepatic
hepcidin mRNA expression and serum ferritin concentration increased during the early
period after turpentine injection, but returned to normal levels later. These results show
that experimentally induced long-term ACD caused hypoproliferative anemia without
sustained increase in hepcidin expression and did not cause systemic iron overload. Thus,
chronic inflammation may not contribute greatly to increase in hyperferritinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishiro Chikazawa
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Abonyi FO, Machebe NS, Ezea MS, Eze JI, Omeke BC, Marire BN. Effects of substituting soya bean meal (SBM) with blood meal (BM) on biochemical profile of pregnant pigs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2013; 45:957-63. [PMID: 23229126 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four Large White × Landrace crossbreed primigravid pigs, aged 7.50 to 8.00 months weighing between 86.15 and 88.24 kg were used to study the effects of feeding graded levels of soya bean meal (SBM) replaced blood meal (BM) diets on serum biochemical profile in gestating pigs. The pigs were randomly allotted to four finisher diets formulated such that BM replaced SBM at 0.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0 %, respectively. The diets were T1 (100.0 % SBM, 0.0 % BM), T2 (50.0 % SBM, 50.0 % BM), T3 (25.0 % SBM, 75.0 % BM) and T4 (0.0 % SBM, 100.0 % BM). Individual animal's daily ration of the test diets was 2.20, 2.00 and 2.50 kg at stages one, two and three of gestation. Blood sampling and analysis for the effects of the test diets on biochemical profile of the experimental animals were carried out prior to conception, at weeks 3, 7 and 11 of gestation, respectively. The result showed no significant (P ≥ 0.05) dietary treatment effects on total protein, albumin, globulin fraction, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urea profile of the pigs fed with BM diets when compared to the control fed with 100.0 % SBM. There was however a significant (P ≤ 0.05) variation in these biochemical indices in all the experimental groups at different stages of gestation. It was concluded that BM can replace 100.0 % of SBM in the diets of pregnant pigs in the tropical humid environment without any deleterious effect on their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Festus Otaka Abonyi
- Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
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Hussien HM, Abdou HM, Yousef MI. Cypermethrin induced damage in genomic DNA and histopathological changes in brain and haematotoxicity in rats: The protective effect of sesame oil. Brain Res Bull 2013; 92:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Chanda S, Dave R, Kaneria M, Shukla V. Acute oral toxicity of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula leaf extract in Wistar albino rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1408-1415. [PMID: 22849547 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.682117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. var. pendula (Annonaceae), a tall evergreen tree, is cultivated all over India. The plant is used in traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of fever, skin diseases, and hypertension. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the acute oral toxicity of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula leaf extract in Wistar albino rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The parameters evaluated daily after oral drug administration of the extract (540, 1080, 2160 and 3240 mg/kg body weight) were mortality, signs of toxicity, feed and water consumption and body weight changes up to 14 days. The effect of different doses of the extract on organ weight, biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated on the 15th day. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Methanol extract of Polyalthia longifolia leaf up to the dose level 3240 mg/kg body weight did not produce any toxic effects or deaths; the extract was well tolerated by the rats. It did not alter body weight, feed and water consumption. The organ weight, biochemical and hematological analysis did not show any dose-dependent changes in any of the parameters examined in animals of both sexes. The acute oral administration of the methanol extract of Polyalthia longifolia leaf was not toxic and safe in a single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Chanda
- Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
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Liehmann LM, Dörner J, Hittmair KM, Schwendenwein I, Reifinger M, Dupré G. Pancreatic rupture in four cats with high-rise syndrome. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 14:131-7. [PMID: 22314089 PMCID: PMC10822477 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x11431527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic trauma and rupture are rare after feline high-rise syndrome; however, should it happen, pancreatic enzymes will leak into the abdominal cavity and may cause pancreatic autodigestion and fatty tissue saponification. If not diagnosed and treated, it can ultimately lead to multiorgan failure and death. In this case series, 700 records of high-rise syndrome cats that presented between April 2001 and May 2006 were analysed, and four cats with pancreatic rupture were identified. Clinical signs, diagnosis using ultrasonography and lipase activity in blood and abdominal effusion, and treatment modalities are reported. Three cats underwent surgical abdominal exploration, one cat was euthanased. Rupture of the left pancreatic limb was confirmed in all cases. Two of the operated cats survived to date. High-rise syndrome can lead to abdominal trauma, including pancreatic rupture. A prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M Liehmann
- Clinic for Surgery, Ophthalmology and Dentistry, Department of Companion Animals and Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
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Takeshita R, Monteiro F, de Miranda Lins e Lins F, da Silva G, Faturi C, Coutinho L, Monteiro M, Kugelmeier T, de Castro P, Muniz J. Hematological, hepatic, and renal evaluation in Aotus azarai infulatus. J Med Primatol 2010; 40:104-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2010.00452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sharaf S, Khan A, Khan MZ, Aslam F, Saleemi MK, Mahmood F. Clinico-hematological and micronuclear changes induced by cypermethrin in broiler chicks: Their attenuation with vitamin E and selenium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:333-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2008] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Flaiban K, Spohr K, Malanski L, Svoboda W, Shiozawa M, Hilst C, Aguiar L, Ludwig G, Passos F, Navarro I, Lisbôa J, Balarin M. Valores hematológicos de bugios pretos (Alouatta caraya) de vida livre da região do Alto Rio Paraná, sul do Brasil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352009000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Descreveram-se os valores hematológicos de bugios pretos (Alouatta caraya) e estabeleceram-se diferenças entre sexo e idade, de 36 animais aparentemente saudáveis, de vida livre da região do Alto Rio Paraná, sul do Brasil. Os animais foram capturados e contidos quimicamente com cloridrato de tiletamina e cloridrato de zolazepam, na dose média de 5,5mg/kg, por via intramuscular. Na comparação entre os sexos, houve diferença para número de hemácias (4,48±1,36 e 3,58±0,91 x10(6)/mm³), maior nas fêmeas, e volume globular médio (90,99±27,65 e 118,36±44,63fL) e número de eosinófilos (0,30±0,24 e 0,76±0,85 x10³/mm³), maior nos machos. O volume globular (39,46±3,53 e 36,69±3,54%) e a proteína total plasmática (7,91±0,53 e 7,40±0,63g/dL) foram significativamente mais baixos nos animais jovens.
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Brown GK, Canfield PJ, Dunstan RH, Roberts TK, Martin AR, Brown CS, Irving R. Detection of Anaplasma platys and Babesia canis vogeli and their impact on platelet numbers in free-roaming dogs associated with remote Aboriginal communities in Australia. Aust Vet J 2006; 84:321-5. [PMID: 16958629 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.00029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect Anaplasma platys and Babesia canis vogeli infection, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays, in free-roaming dogs associated with eight Aboriginal communities in remote areas of Australia and to determine the impact of infection through the assessment of platelet numbers. PROCEDURES Blood samples from 215 dogs were screened by PCR for A platys and B canis vogeli using established genus-specific DNA primers for the 16S and 18S rRNA genes respectively. Both A platys DNA and B canis vogeli DNA were confirmed from the screening PCR either by sequencing or by the use of species-specific primers. Peripheral blood films from 92 of the 215 dogs were used to estimate platelet numbers through an indirect method. RESULTS Of 215 dogs, 69 (32%) were positive for A platys, 22 (10%) for B canis vogeli and 24 (11%) for both. The two organisms were detected singularly and as coinfection in all communities. For the 92 dogs in which peripheral blood films were examined, the mean estimated platelet counts for the non-infected dogs was 318 x 10(9)/L, those infected with A platys alone was 256 x 10(9)/L, those with B canis vogeli alone was 276 x 10(9)/L and those infected with both parasites was 169 x 10(9)/L. In young dogs, infection produced significantly decreased mean platelet counts when compared to uninfected dogs. Thrombocytopenia (< 200 x 10(9)/L) was detected in 18 (51%) dogs infected with A platys alone, 3 (33%) dogs infected with B canis vogeli alone, 13 (72%) dogs coinfected, and 8 (27%) uninfected dogs. CONCLUSIONS A platys and B canis vogeli infection, either singularly or together, was widespread in free roaming dogs associated with remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory and north-western New South Wales. Moreover, both A platys and B canis vogeli infections were associated with a reduction in mean platelet numbers in dog populations, particularly in young dogs. The fact that 51% of dogs infected with A platys alone and 72% dogs coinfected were thrombocytopenic compared to 27% of uninfected dogs suggests that the organism alone or in combination with B canis vogeli has the potential to cause thrombocytopenia and perhaps contribute to a clinical bleeding disorder in infected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Brown
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic idiopathic macrothrombocytopenia in the population of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) in New South Wales (NSW) and to determine if it exhibits an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. We also aimed to determine if significant differences existed when counting platelets manually, by auto analyser or by blood smear estimation in CKCS and mixed breed dogs. METHODS Blood was collected from 172 dogs (152 CKCS and 20 mixed breed) and placed into sodium-citrate anticoagulant. Platelet counts were performed manually, by auto analyser and by blood smear estimates in CKCS and mixed breed dogs. Blood smears were also examined for platelet clumping and erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet morphology. Pedigree analysis was performed to determine if an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern was supported. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found in platelet counts between CKCS and mixed breed dogs (P < 0.0001). CKCS had a platelet count that was 32% that of the controls (95% confidence interval, 28 to 37%). There was no significant difference between methods used to count platelets. Thirty percent of CKCS had macrothrombocytes. Pedigree analysis and examination of obtained and expected segregation ratios from 17 CKCS families supported an autosomal recessive pattern of Mendelian inheritance. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of idiopathic macrothrombocytopenia exists in CKCS in NSW and automated or blood smear estimates are sufficient to count platelet numbers. Data supports an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Singh
- Veterinary Specialist Centre, PO Box 307, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113
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