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Eldesouki RE, Kishk RM, Abd El-Fadeal NM, Mahran RI, Kamel N, Riad E, Nemr N, Kishk SM, Mohammed EAM. Association of IL-10-592 C > A /-1082 A > G and the TNFα -308 G > A with susceptibility to COVID-19 and clinical outcomes. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:40. [PMID: 38287362 PMCID: PMC10826193 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 is regulated by multiple genes involved in innate viral response and cytokine storm emergence like IL-10 and TNFa gene polymorphisms. We hypothesize that IL-10; -592 C > A and - 1082 A > G and TNFa-308 G > A are associated with the risk of SARS-COV2 infections and clinical outcome. METHODS Genotyping, laboratory and radiological investigations were done to 110 COVID-19 patients and 110 healthy subjects, in Ismailia, Egypt. RESULTS A significant association between the - 592 A allele, A containing genotypes under all models (p < 0.0001), and TNFa A allele with risk to infection was observed but not with the G allele of the - 1082. The - 592 /-1082 CG and the - 592 /-1082/ -308 CGG haplotypes showed higher odds in COVID-19 patients. Severe lung affection was negatively associated with - 592, while positive association was observed with - 1082. Higher D-dimer levels were strongly associated with the - 1082 GG genotype. Survival outcomes were strongly associated with the GA genotype of TNFa. -308 as well as AGG and AAA haplotypes. CONCLUSION IL-10 and TNFa polymorphisms should be considered for clinical and epidemiological evaluation of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda E Eldesouki
- Genetics Unit, Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Kishk
- Microbiology and immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismaila, Egypt
| | - Noha M Abd El-Fadeal
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismaila, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rama I Mahran
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismaila, Egypt
| | - Noha Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismaila, Egypt
| | - Eman Riad
- Pulmonology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismaila, Egypt
| | - Nader Nemr
- Endemic and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Safaa M Kishk
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Gershon AA, Brooks D, Stevenson DD, Chin WK, Oldstone MBA, Gershon MD. High Constitutive Interleukin 10 Level Interferes With the Immune Response to Varicella-Zoster Virus in Elderly Recipients of Live Attenuated Zoster Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1338-1346. [PMID: 30445431 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Live attenuated zoster vaccine (Zostavax) was used to test the hypothesis that constitutive level of interleukin 10 (IL-10), which may be high in elderly subjects, impairs vaccine efficacy. If constitutive IL-10 impairs vaccine efficacy, the effectiveness of viral vaccines might be improved by transient inhibition of IL-10 before vaccination. METHODS Zostavax was given to 26 patients (age, 60-80 years). IL-10 and immunity to varicella zoster virus (VZV) were measured at baseline and after vaccination. Fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assays and glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (gpELISAs) were used to assess humoral immunity; anti-varicella virus T-cell responses were studied in a subset of subjects. In a prospective animal model, T-cell responses to chimeric vaccines against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) were assessed in mice that express or lack IL-10. RESULTS FAMA assays revealed significant boosting (by 4-fold) of humoral immunity, which occurred only in subjects (10 of 26) with a low constitutive IL-10 level (ie, <20 pg/mL); moreover, the Zostavax-induced FAMA and gpELISA responses were inversely related to the constitutive IL-10 level. Significant VZV-specific T-cell responses followed vaccination only in subjects with a low constitutive IL-10 level. Vaccine-induced LCMV-specific T-cell responses in mice lacking IL-10 were greater than in wild-type animals. CONCLUSIONS A high constitutive IL-10 level adversely affects vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A Gershon
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - David Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto Medical School, Canada
| | - Donald D Stevenson
- Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - William K Chin
- Allergy, Asthma, Clinical Immunology Clinic, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - Michael B A Oldstone
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael D Gershon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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Fan HZ, Huang P, Shao JG, Tian T, Li J, Zang F, Liu M, Xue H, Wu JJ, Yu RB, Zhang Y, Yue M. Genetic variation on the NFKB1 genes associates with the outcomes of HCV infection among Chinese Han population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:210-215. [PMID: 30056167 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether nuclear factor-kappa B1 (NFKB1) gene polymorphisms are associated with the outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a Chinese high-risk population. METHODS In this case-control study, 984 HCV-uninfected controls, 221 infected individuals with spontaneous HCV clearance, and 456 with persistent HCV infection were enrolled. Rs28362491 and rs72696119 were genotyped using the ABI TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. The functional annotation of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were further evaluated by bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Significant differences were observed among the three groups (P < 0.001) in terms of the frequency of rs28362491 SNP. In logistic regression analysis, rs28362491-ATTG deleted (D) was associated with a significantly increased risk of HCV infection compared to the major-type rs28362491-ATTG inserted (I) (dominant model: adjusted OR = 1.332, 95% CI = 1.059-1.674, P = 0.014; additive model: adjusted OR = 1.181, 95% CI = 1.021-1.367, P = 0.025), after adjusting for age, gender, and route of infection. Based on the in silico prediction, the RegulomeDB score for SNP rs28362491 was 3a, indicating that it can potentially regulate the transcription and expression of NFKB1 gene. CONCLUSION NFKB1 rs28362491-D allele was functionally associated with the increased risk of susceptibility to HCV infection in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhi Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jian-Guo Shao
- Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Ting Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng Zang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Xue
- Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rong-Bin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Frias M, Rivero-Juárez A, López-López P, Rivero A. Pharmacogenetics and the treatment of HIV-/HCV-coinfected patients. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:979-995. [PMID: 29992850 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review will summarize the role of pharmacogenetics in the natural history of hepatitis C, particularly in patients with HIV/HCV and will take the perspective of pharmacogenetics and its influence on the response to antiviral therapy and the susceptibility to develop adverse effects. This review will also devote a section to host genetics in other clinical situations, such as disease progression and acute HCV infection, which may determine whether treatment of HIV-/HCV-coinfected patients is implemented or deferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Frias
- Department of Clinical Virology & Zooneses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba. Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juárez
- Department of Clinical Virology & Zooneses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba. Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Pedro López-López
- Department of Clinical Virology & Zooneses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba. Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Department of Clinical Virology & Zooneses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba. Córdoba, 14004, Spain
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Yan Z, Wang Y. Viral and host factors associated with outcomes of hepatitis C virus infection (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2909-2924. [PMID: 28339063 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health issue globally. Owing to the progress made in host genetics and HCV molecular virology, emerging data have suggested that the natural course and treatment response in patients with HCV infection are largely determined by complex host‑viral interactions. HCV genotype is the most important viral factor predicting the response to pegylated interferon‑α plus ribavirin therapy. The subtype of HCV genotype 1 is the key viral factor that predicts the efficacy of direct‑acting antiviral therapy. HCV genome heterogeneity and baseline viral load are additionally associated with the treatment response. Multiple host genetic variants localized in genes associated with the immune response have been identified as predictors of spontaneous disease course and therapy outcome in chronic HCV. However, most findings from candidate gene association studies have not been proven universal for all investigated populations and independent studies. Previous findings in independent large genome wide association studies confirmed that interferon‑λ3 gene polymorphisms are associated with spontaneous clearance and treatment responsiveness. A polymorphism of the inosine triphosphatase gene has been identified as a protective factor against ribavirin‑induced anemia and dose reductions. Another genetic variant in the patatin‑like phospholipase domain containing 3 genes is associated with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with HCV. The present review focused on the identified viral and host factors associated with outcomes of patients with HCV, and assessed the involvement of viral and host genetics in the natural history and treatment outcomes of HCV infection. This will provide novel ideas concerning personalized prevention and individualized clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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6
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El-Karaksy HM, Sharaf SA, Mandour IA, Mogahed EA, Rady NH, El- Mougy FA. Effect of interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphisms -1082 G/A and -592 C/A on response to therapy in children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:1248-1253. [PMID: 27660094 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rehman SU, Rauf M, Abbas Z, Hamed MH, Qadri I. Role of Some Predominant Host Immunomodulators' Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Severity of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:536-545. [PMID: 27676210 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B and C infections can be either acute or chronic. The chronic infection can culminate in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Influence of the host genetic makeup on conversion of acute to chronic infection, development of cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma is an interesting area of research. Variability in different immune system genes may account for such differences in the outcome of infection. This article discusses single nucleotide polymorphisms in different host immunomodulator genes that have been frequently reported to influence the outcome of infection and severity of disease. The genetic variability could be utilized for the prediction of disease outcome and treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiq Ur Rehman
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahd Rauf
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaigham Abbas
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammed Haroon Hamed
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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8
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Barkhash AV, Babenko VN, Voevoda MI, Romaschenko AG. Association of IL28B and IL10 gene polymorphism with predisposition to tick-borne encephalitis in a Russian population. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:808-812. [PMID: 27068548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic predisposition to tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is rather poorly studied in human populations. Human genes encoding crucial components of antiviral immune response are most likely involved in protective mechanisms against TBE virus. Previously, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in interleukin 28B (IL28B) and interleukin 10 (IL10) genes were associated with predisposition to chronic hepatitis C (caused by a structurally similar virus from the same Flaviviridae family) in a number of human populations. The aim of the present study was to estimate a possible association of the IL28B gene rs8103142 and rs12980275 SNPs and IL10 gene rs1800872, rs3021094, and rs3024498 SNPs with predisposition to TBE in a Russian population. Genotypic and allelic frequencies for these SNPs were analyzed in 132 non-immunized TBE patients (34 with fever, 60 with meningitis, and 38 with severe central nervous system disease) and compared with the population control (221 Novosibirsk citizens). The results obtained suggest that both studied IL28B gene SNPs, as well as the IL10 gene rs1800872 SNP are associated with predisposition to TBE in Russian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Barkhash
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 10 Lavrentyeva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090 Russia.
| | - Vladimir N Babenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 10 Lavrentyeva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090 Russia; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova str., Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Mikhail I Voevoda
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 10 Lavrentyeva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090 Russia; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova str., Novosibirsk 630090 Russia; Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, 175/1 B. Bogatkova str., Novosibirsk 630089 Russia
| | - Aida G Romaschenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 10 Lavrentyeva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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Abstract
Despite advances in therapy, hepatitis C virus infection remains a major global health issue with 3 to 4 million incident cases and 170 million prevalent chronic infections. Complex, partially understood, host-virus interactions determine whether an acute infection with hepatitis C resolves, as occurs in approximately 30% of cases, or generates a persistent hepatic infection, as occurs in the remainder. Once chronic infection is established, the velocity of hepatocyte injury and resultant fibrosis is significantly modulated by immunologic as well as environmental factors. Immunomodulation has been the backbone of antiviral therapy despite poor understanding of its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Kaplan
- Medicine and Research Services, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia PA,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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10
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Eskandari-Nasab E, Moghadampour M, Sepanj-Nia A. TNF-α -238, -308, -863 polymorphisms, and brucellosis infection. Hum Immunol 2015; 77:121-125. [PMID: 26585363 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucella abortus is an intracellular bacterium that affects humans and domestic animals. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has been shown as a key player in the induction of cell-mediated resistance against Brucella infection. We aimed to evaluate the possible influence of the TNF-α promoter polymorphisms (-308 G/A, -238 G/A, and -863 C/A) on the susceptibility of human brucellosis. METHODOLOGY A total of 153 patients with active brucellosis and 128 healthy individuals were recruited. All subjects were genotyped for the polymorphisms in the TNF-α gene by Allele-Specific polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that the TNF-α -308 GG genotype was significantly more frequently present in controls than in brucellosis patients (91% vs. 75%), thus was a protective factor against developing brucellosis (OR=0.313, p=0.001). In contrast, the -308 GA genotype (OR=3.026, p=0.002) and minor allele (A) (OR=3.058, p=0.001) as well as AAG haplotype (OR=4.014, p=0.001) conferred an increased risk of brucellosis. However, the -238 G/A and -863 C/A polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of brucellosis at both allelic and genotypic levels (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our study revealed that the TNF-α -308 A allele or GA heterozygosity or AAG haplotype were associated with an increased risk of brucellosis in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Eskandari-Nasab
- Genetic of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moghadampour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Adel Sepanj-Nia
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran.
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11
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Ghaleh Baghi S, Alavian SM, Mehrnoush L, Salimi S. Impact of the IL-10 Promoter Gene Polymorphisms in the Severity of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2015; 15:e28287. [PMID: 26300930 PMCID: PMC4539734 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.28287v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine. The polymorphisms of its promoter gene have been considered to be related with the chronicity of hepatitis B infection. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymorphisms at different positions in the IL-10 promoter gene in patients with chronic hepatitis B. PATIENTS AND METHODS Totally, 166 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection were enrolled. Genotypes at different positions (i.e. -819, - 592, and - 1082) in the IL-10 gene promoter were determined. RESULTS The C/A genotype at position -592, C/T genotype at position -819, and GCC/ATA haplotype of the IL-10 gene promoter were significantly more common in the patients with cirrhosis. The genotypes were significantly different between the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative and HBeAg-positive patients at position -592 (C/A and C/C), position -819 (C/C and C/T), and position -1082 (A/A and G/A). CONCLUSIONS Some IL-10 promoter gene polymorphisms predisposed the infected hepatitis B virus cases to cirrhosis in our study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Ghaleh Baghi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Sahand Ghaleh Baghi, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9126079880, E-mail:
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Disease Center (MELD), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Leila Mehrnoush
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Shima Salimi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Tehran, IR Iran
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12
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Single-nucleotide polymorphism of Toll-like receptor 4 and interleukin-10 in response to interferon-based therapy in Egyptian chronic hepatitis C patients. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2181-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Loftis JM, Janowsky A. Neuroimmune basis of methamphetamine toxicity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 118:165-97. [PMID: 25175865 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801284-0.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although it is not known which antigen-specific immune responses (or if antigen-specific immune responses) are relevant or required for methamphetamine's neurotoxic effects, it is apparent that methamphetamine exposure is associated with significant effects on adaptive and innate immunity. Alterations in lymphocyte activity and number, changes in cytokine signaling, impairments in phagocytic functions, and glial activation and gliosis have all been reported. These drug-induced changes in immune response, particularly within the CNS, are now thought to play a critical role in the addiction process for methamphetamine dependence as well as for other substance use disorders. In Section 2, methamphetamine's effects on glial cell (e.g., microglia and astrocytes) activity and inflammatory signaling cascades are summarized, including how alterations in immune cell function can induce the neurotoxic and addictive effects of methamphetamine. Section 2 also describes neurotransmitter involvement in the modulation of methamphetamine's inflammatory effects. Section 3 discusses the very recent use of pharmacological and genetic animal models which have helped elucidate the behavioral effects of methamphetamine's neurotoxic effects and the role of the immune system. Section 4 is focused on the effects of methamphetamine on blood-brain barrier integrity and associated immune consequences. Clinical considerations such as the combined effects of methamphetamine and HIV and/or HCV on brain structure and function are included in Section 4. Finally, in Section 5, immune-based treatment strategies are reviewed, with a focus on vaccine development, neuroimmune therapies, and other anti-inflammatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Loftis
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA; Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA; Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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14
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Rossi LMG, Escobar-Gutierrez A, Rahal P. Advanced molecular surveillance of hepatitis C virus. Viruses 2015; 7:1153-88. [PMID: 25781918 PMCID: PMC4379565 DOI: 10.3390/v7031153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important public health problem worldwide. HCV exploits complex molecular mechanisms, which result in a high degree of intrahost genetic heterogeneity. This high degree of variability represents a challenge for the accurate establishment of genetic relatedness between cases and complicates the identification of sources of infection. Tracking HCV infections is crucial for the elucidation of routes of transmission in a variety of settings. Therefore, implementation of HCV advanced molecular surveillance (AMS) is essential for disease control. Accounting for virulence is also important for HCV AMS and both viral and host factors contribute to the disease outcome. Therefore, HCV AMS requires the incorporation of host factors as an integral component of the algorithms used to monitor disease occurrence. Importantly, implementation of comprehensive global databases and data mining are also needed for the proper study of the mechanisms responsible for HCV transmission. Here, we review molecular aspects associated with HCV transmission, as well as the most recent technological advances used for virus and host characterization. Additionally, the cornerstone discoveries that have defined the pathway for viral characterization are presented and the importance of implementing advanced HCV molecular surveillance is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Maria Gonçalves Rossi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Bioscience, Language and Exact Science, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Bioscience, Language and Exact Science, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
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15
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Abdou AG, Asaad NY, Ehsan N, Eltahmody M, El-Sabaawy MM, Elkholy S, Elnaidany NF. The role of IL-28, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in predicting response to pegylated interferon/ribavirin in chronic HCV patients. APMIS 2015; 123:18-27. [PMID: 25131720 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of HCV therapy is to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR). Many host and viral factors influence the treatment response. Cytokines play an important role in the defense against viral infections, where successful treatment of hepatitis C depends on a complex balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the presence and percentage of some cytokines (IL-28, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) regarding different clinicopathological parameters including response to therapy in chronic HCV patients using immunohistochemical technique. This study was carried out on 64 chronic HCV patients (34 responders and 30 non-responders). Of cases, 54% showed IL-28 expression, which was associated with low AST (p = 0.002) and low HAI score (p = 0.006). Of cases, 67 and 45% showed IFN-γ and TNF-α expression, respectively, where the median percentage of TNF-α expression was higher in grade II spotty necrosis compared to grade I. Some inflammatory cytokines expressed by intrahepatic inflammatory cells in chronic HCV patients promote inflammation and injury (pro-inflammatory) such as TNF-α. Other cytokines aid in resolving inflammation and injury (anti-inflammatory) such as IL-28. The balance between these cytokines will determine the degree of inflammatory state. None of the investigated cytokines proved its clear cut role in affecting response to therapy, however, their levels varied between responders and non-responders for further investigations to clarify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menofiya University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
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16
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Sepahi S, Pasdar A, Ahadi M, Gerayli S, Rostami S, Meshkat Z. Haplotype analysis of interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C infection: a case control study. Viral Immunol 2014; 27:398-403. [PMID: 25119896 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence of hepatitis c virus (HCV) infection in some areas necessitates more investigations of the causative factors. Genetic factors that cause disruption in operation or secretion of interleukin 10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, may play a role in the intensity of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic variants of IL-10 gene polymorphisms in HCV patients and their relationship with HCV disease. Fifty HCV patients and the same number of healthy individuals who were referred to hepatitis clinic in Mashhad, northeast of Iran, were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood. Genotyping for IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms in three positions (-1082 G>A, -819 C>T and -592 C>A) was conducted by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. Haplotype analysis was performed using PHASE software. In a recessive analysis model of the -1082 position (GG vs. AA+AG), GG genotype was more common in patients (adjusted p = 0.02; OR = 4.66 [95% CI 1.31-16.35]). Also, ATA haplotype was more prevalent in HCV patients (adjusted p = 0.061; OR = 1.87 [95% CI 0.97-3.61]). Also, ATC/GCA diplotypes were more common in controls (adjusted p=0.002; adjusted OR = 0.27 [95% CI 0.11-0.63]). Although we found a possible association between IL-10 promoter polymorphisms and HCV infection, certain genotypes or diplotypes may confer a higher risk or susceptibility for developing HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Sepahi
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Association of interleukin-10 polymorphisms with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in a case-control study and its effect on the response to combined pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 143:71-80. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268814000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYWe conducted a case-control study involving 150 genotype 3 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients and 150 healthy controls to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene with chronic HCV infection and the association of these polymorphic variants with the combination of pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) and ribavirin therapy response. Our data revealed that the GG genotype of IL-10 –1082A/G exhibited significant association with genotype 3 chronic HCV infection compared to controls. Treatment response data also showed a significant increase in risk for the GG genotype of IL-10 –1082A/G in response-relapse patients or non-responder patients compared to sustained virological response patients. Further, a significant increase in risk was also revealed for the CC genotype of IL-10 –592A/C in response-relapse patients or non-responder patients compared to sustained virological response patients, suggesting a role of the GG genotype of IL-10 –1082A/G and CC genotype of IL-10 –592A/C in the treatment outcome of combined Peg-IFN/ribavirin therapy.
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18
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Pár A, Pár G, Tornai I, Szalay F, Várszegi D, Fráter E, Papp M, Lengyel G, Fehér J, Varga M, Gervain J, Schuller J, Nemes Z, Péterfi Z, Tusnádi A, Hunyady B, Haragh A, Szinku Z, Vincze Á, Szereday L, Kisfali P, Melegh B. IL28B and IL10R -1087 polymorphisms are protective for chronic genotype 1 HCV infection and predictors of response to interferon-based therapy in an East-Central European cohort. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:12. [PMID: 24398031 PMCID: PMC3896726 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in IL28B and IL10R are associated with sustained virological response (SVR) in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegilated interferon plus ribavirin (P/R). The present study extends our earlier investigations on a large East-Central European cohort. The allele frequencies of IL28B and IL10R in genotype 1 HCV infection were compared with that of healthy controls for the purpose of examining the relationship between the polymorphisms and the SVR to P/R treatment. METHODS A total of 748 chronic HCV1 infected patients (365 male, 383 female; 18-82 years) and 105 voluntary blood donors as controls were enrolled. Four hundred and twenty HCV patients were treated with P/R for 24-72 weeks, out of them 195 (46.4%) achieved SVR. The IL28 rs12979860 SNP was determined using Custom Taqman SNP Genotyping Assays. The IL10R -1087 (also known as IL10R -1082 (rs1800896) promoter region SNP was determined by RT-PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS The IL28B CC genotype occurred with lower frequency in HCV patients than in controls (26.1% vs 51.4%, p<0.001). P/R treated patients with the IL28B CC genotype achieved higher SVR rate, as compared to patients with CT (58.6% vs 40.8%, p=0.002). The prevalence of IL10R -1087 GG genotype was lower in patients than in controls (31.8 % vs 52.2%, p<0.001). Among patients achieving SVR, the IL10R -1087 GG genotype occurred with higher frequency than the AA (32.0% vs 17.4%, p=0.013). The IL28B T allele plus IL10R A allele combination was found with higher prevalence in patients than in controls (52% vs 20.7%, p<0.001). The IL28B CC plus IL10R A allele combination occurred with higher frequency among patients with SVR than in non-responders (21.3% vs 12.8%, p=0.026). Both the IL28B CC plus IL10R GG and the IL28B CC plus IL10R A allele combinations occurred with lower frequency in patients than in controls. CONCLUSIONS In our HCV1 patients, both the IL28B CC and IL10R GG genotypes are associated with clearance of HCV. Moreover, distinct IL28B and IL10R allele combinations appear to be protective against chronic HCV1 infection and predictors of response to P/R therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Gene Frequency
- Genotype
- Hepacivirus/drug effects
- Hepacivirus/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/prevention & control
- Humans
- Hungary
- Interferon alpha-2
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Interferons
- Interleukins/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Patient Selection
- Polyethylene Glycols/therapeutic use
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-10/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Ribavirin/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Alajos Pár
- First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi u. 2, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Pár
- First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi u. 2, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Tornai
- Second Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Szalay
- First Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dalma Várszegi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pécs, 7627 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edit Fráter
- Second Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mária Papp
- Second Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Lengyel
- Second Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Fehér
- Second Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Varga
- Réthy Pál Hospital, 5600 Békéscsaba, Hungary
| | | | - János Schuller
- United Szent István and Szent László Hospital, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Nemes
- First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi u. 2, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Péterfi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi u. 2, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Béla Hunyady
- First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi u. 2, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Haragh
- Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szinku
- Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Áron Vincze
- First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi u. 2, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Szereday
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Kisfali
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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García-Elorriaga G, Vera-Ramírez L, del Rey-Pineda G, González-Bonilla C. -592 and -1082 interleukin-10 polymorphisms in pulmonary tuberculosis with type 2 diabetes. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:505-9. [PMID: 23768819 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the polymorphisms of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) (-592, -1082) in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS We studied a Mexican mestizo population of 37 patients with TB in remission (TBr) and 40 with active pulmonary TB (PTB), 21 patients with TB + T2D, 47 blood donors accepted, and 13 healthy health-care workers with tuberculin skin test positive. Determination of IL-10 polymorphisms was performed by real-time Polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS IL-10-592C/A presented in a greater proportion in healthy individuals than in patients with type 2 diabetes and TB in a not quite significant statistically manner. IL-10-1082A/A presented more frequently in the group of patients with both diseases, not being statistically significant in comparison with the group of healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study describes two important new findings. First, it reveals that the IL-10 (-592 A/A and -592 C/C) polymorphisms were found in a greater proportion in a group of patients with T2D and TB than in healthy subjects. Second, the study provides evidence that the (-1082 G/G) polymorphism presented with greater frequency in healthy individuals than in patients with both of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe García-Elorriaga
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza (CMNR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
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20
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Branch AD, Drye LT, Van Natta ML, Sezgin E, Fishman SL, Dieterich DT, Meinert CL, Jabs DA. Evaluation of hepatitis C virus as a risk factor for HIV-associated neuroretinal disorder. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:1618-25. [PMID: 24081683 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) penetrate the central nervous system. HIV-associated neuroretinal disorder (HIV-NRD), a visual impairment of reduced contrast sensitivity and reading ability, is associated with cytokine dysregulation and genetic polymorphisms in the anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) signaling pathway. We investigated associations between HCV and HIV-NRD and between HCV and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-10 receptor 1 (IL10R1) gene. METHODS Logistic and Cox regression analysis were used to analyze risk factors for HIV-NRD in 1576 HIV-positive patients who did not have an ocular opportunistic infection at enrollment. Median follow-up was 4.9 years (interquartile range, 2.4-8.8 years). Four IL10R1 SNPs were examined in a subset of 902 patients. RESULTS The group included 290 patients with chronic HCV infection, 74 with prior infection, and 1212 with no HCV markers. There were 244 prevalent cases of HIV-NRD and 263 incident cases (rate = 3.9/100 person-years). In models adjusted for demographics, HIV treatment and status, liver function, and immune status, both the prevalence and incidence of HIV-NRD were significantly higher in patients with chronic HCV infection (odds ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.31 and hazard ratio = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.13-2.34, respectively), compared to patients with no HCV markers. Chronic HCV was associated with rs2228055 and 2 additional IL-10R1 SNPs expected to reduce IL-10 signaling. HIV-NRD was not significantly associated with these SNPs. CONCLUSIONS HCV is a possible risk factor for HIV-NRD. Genetic analysis suggests that alterations in the IL-10 signaling pathway may increase susceptibility to HIV-NRD and HCV infection. Inflammation may link HCV and HIV-NRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Branch
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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21
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Sun XR, Wu J, Shi KQ, Tang KF. Relationship between IL-10 gene -1082A/G and -592C/A polymorphisms and the risk of hepatitis C infection: a meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:602-11. [PMID: 23910644 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene promoter polymorphisms may be associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV clearance. To more precisely estimate the association between these variants and the risk of HCV infection, we performed a meta-analysis of 26 studies describing the IL-10-1082A/G, -819C/T, -592C/A genotypes, including 4039 chronic HCV infection cases and 2902 controls. When compared with a healthy population, the -1082GG allele had a 43% increased risk of chronic HCV infection in combined populations (GG vs GA + AA: odds ratio (OR) = 1.433, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.052-1.952, P = 0.023). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, a significant increased risk was associated with the -1082GG genotype in the Caucasian population (GG vs AA: OR = 1.390, 95% CI: 1.108-1.744, P = 0.004; GG vs GA + AA: OR = 1.621, 95% CI: 1.267-2.075, P = 0.000). However, no significant association was found in Asian, African or Chinese populations. Moreover, a higher distribution of -592A was found in the spontaneously recovered population (AA vs CC: OR = 0.585, 95% CI = 0.387-0.884, P = 0.011; AA + AC vs CC: OR = 0.738, 95% CI = 0.551-0.988, P = 0.041; AA vs AC + CC: OR = 0.788, 95% CI = 0.664-0.935, P = 0.006) than that in the chronic HCV infection population. In conclusion, the IL-10-1082GG allele may increase the risk of chronic HCV infection in Caucasian population, and people carrying the IL-10-592A allele are more likely to clear HCV spontaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-R Sun
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
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22
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Shaker OG, Nassar YH, Nour ZA, El Raziky M. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-10 and IL-28B as predictors of the response of IFN therapy in HCV genotype 4-infected children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57:155-60. [PMID: 23880623 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e31828febf0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-10 gene (-1082 [rs1800896], -819 [rs3021097], and -592 [rs1800872]) and the IL-28B gene (rs12979860) in adults were shown to be associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance. The present study aimed to investigate the possible association of SNPs of IL-10 and IL-28B in predicting the treatment response of HCV genotype 4 in pediatric patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques were used to genotype 34 pediatric patients with HCV genotype 4 for IL-10 and IL-28B SNPs, respectively. Patients received pegylated interferon-α/ribavirin for 48 weeks subdivided according to their response to treatment into responders and nonresponders; also, 20 healthy individuals served as controls. RESULTS A significant difference (P < 0.005) was observed in SNP of IL-28B rs12979860 frequencies between responders and nonresponders. In responders, CC genotype had greater frequency than CT and TT genotypes (60%, 30%, 10%), respectively, with C allele in its homozygous (CC) genotype more likely to respond to treatment than in its homozygous (TT) genotypes. SNPs of IL-10 at -819 (rs3021097) showed significant differences in their genotype frequencies between responders and nonresponders to therapy, and TT genotype had greater frequency in responders than CT and CC (55%, 20%, 25%), respectively. Genotypes with T allele (CT/TT) showed higher rates of response than those with no T allele (CC). CONCLUSIONS SNPs of the IL-28B gene at (rs12979860) CC genotype as well as the IL-10 gene SNPs at -819 (rs3021097)TT genotype can be used for predicting response to treatment before patients are prescribed the expensive pegylated interferon-α/ribavirin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat G Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cairo University, Cairo 02, Egypt.
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23
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Bassat HE, Ali LA, Alm El-Din RA, Hasby E, Shahbah A. Serum level of interleukin-10 with its gene polymorphism can be predictors of response to treatment in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Pasha HF, Radwan MI, Hagrass HA, Tantawy EA, Emara MH. Cytokines genes polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C: impact on susceptibility to infection and response to therapy. Cytokine 2013; 61:478-84. [PMID: 23219017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines play a key role in the regulation of immune responses. In hepatitis C virus infection, the production of abnormal cytokine levels appears to contribute in the progression of the disease, viral persistence, and affects response to therapy. Cytokine genes polymorphisms located within the coding/regulatory regions have been shown to affect the overall expression and secretion of cytokines. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of of IL28B rs12979860, TGF-β1-509, TNF-α 308, and IL-10-1082 polymorphisms with the susceptibility to hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection and response to pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin therapy. METHODS IL28B, TGF-β1 and TNF-α genes polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay while IL-10 gene polymorphism was detected by sequence specific primer-PCR in 220 healthy individuals and 440 hepatitis C infected patients (220 sustained virological response and 220 non-responder to combination therapy). RESULTS IL28 B CT and TT, TGF-β1 CT and TT and TNF-α AG and AA genotypes were significantly associated with susceptibility to hepatitis C infection and response to therapy. While no association was found between IL-10 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to HCV infection and response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that inheritance of IL28B CT and TT, TGF-β1 CT and TT and TNF-α AG and AA genotypes which appear to affect the cytokine production may be associated with susceptibility to HCV infection and resistance to combined antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba F Pasha
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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25
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Shaker OG, Sadik NAH. Polymorphisms in interleukin-10 and interleukin-28B genes in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 and their effect on the response to pegylated interferon/ribavirin-therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:1842-9. [PMID: 23020144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Recently, it has been suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in some cytokine genes may influence the production of the associated cytokines that affect the host immune response to pegylated interferon-α (Peg-IFN-α) with ribavirin (RBV) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of the SNPs of IL-10 and Il-28B and their serum levels in predicting the response to treatment of HCV-4. METHODS Egyptian patients were treated with Peg-IFN-α/RBV. A total of 100 HCV genotype 4-infected patients and 80 healthy control subjects were included in the present study. SNPs in the IL-10 (-592 A/C and -819 T/C) and IL-28B (rs8099917 T/G and rs12979860 C/T) genes and their serum levels were assessed. The IL-10-592-CC, IL-28-rs8099917-TT and IL-28-rs12979860-CC genotypes were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders. RESULTS Interestingly, the serum levels of IL-10 were significantly increased; in contrast, the serum levels of Il-28B were significantly decreased in HCV patients compared with normal patients. Polymorphisms in IL-28B are more sensitive (P < 0.001) than those in IL-10-592 (P = 0.03). However, the serum level of IL-10 is higher than that of IL-28, and this difference can serve as a prognostic marker using a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that SNPs in IL-28B and the serum levels of Il-10 and IL-28 may be promising predictors for HCV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat G Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Three polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene and the risk of HCV infection: a meta-analysis plus a Chinese Association Study involving 1140 subjects. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 141:893-904. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe influence of an immunosuppressive cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), on the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been increasingly reported recently. A number of polymorphisms appear to control the level of IL-10 production. Among them, −592C/A, −819C/T and −1082G/A in the IL-10 gene are three most studied single nucleotide polymorphisms. To provide a more definitive conclusion about their association with the risk of HCV infection, a meta-analysis was performed by combining and summarizing a total of 17 studies. A biological justification for the choice of genetic model was provided. The results indicated no significant association between these IL-10 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to HCV infection [–592C/A: odds ratio (OR) 0·99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·78–1·25; –819C/T: OR 0·90, 95% CI 0·69–1·18; –1082G/A: OR 1·34, 95% CI 0·90–2·00]. However, this analysis did not account for the possible risk modifications by other factors, such as ethnicity and virus persistence. Therefore, the effects of ethnicity and virus persistence were investigated using Bayesian meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Finally, an extended case-control association study was conducted in a Chinese population involving 1140 subjects. Both serum level and genotype data of IL-10 −1082G/A were determined. As a result, a low prevalence of G allele was observed. Significantly higher IL-10 production was observed in HCV patients, especially patients with the GG genotype.
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27
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Ramos JA, Silva R, Hoffmann L, Ramos ALA, Cabello PH, Ürményi TP, Villella-Nogueira CA, Lewis-Ximenez L, Rondinelli E. Association of IL-10, IL-4, and IL-28B gene polymorphisms with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in a population from Rio de Janeiro. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:508. [PMID: 22986179 PMCID: PMC3508811 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines play an important role in the regulation of the immune response. In hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, cytokine levels may influence the outcome of acute HCV infection. Polymorphisms in cytokine genes have been associated to different expression levels in response to infection. This study was carried out to investigate the association of several cytokine gene polymorphisms with disease outcome in HCV-infected patients. FINDINGS Patients with chronic or spontaneously resolved HCV infection were included in a cross-sectional study. A comparative analysis was performed between the groups regarding frequency distribution of the following cytokines' gene polymorphisms: IL-10 (-1082 A/G; -819 T/C; -592 A/C), IL-4 (+33C/T), IFN-γ (+874 T/A), TNF-α (-238 G/A and -308 G/A) and IL-28B (rs12979860 C/T and rs8099917 T/G). RESULTS Eighteen patients with spontaneous viral clearance and 161 with chronic HCV infection were included. In the comparative analysis, the GG genotype of the IL-10 polymorphism -1082A/G was more frequent in patients with spontaneous viral clearance when compared to patients with chronic HCV (41.2% vs 6.2%; p = 0.001). This association was also found for the CC genotype of the IL-4 polymorphism +33C/T (72.2% vs 36.7%; p = 0.017) and the CC and TT genotypes of the IL-28B polymorphisms rs 12979860 and rs 8099917 (88.9% vs 30.3%; p < 0.001 and 88.9% vs 49.6%; p = 0.002). The IL10 (A-1082 G) and IL-28B (Crs12979860T) gene polymorphisms showed odds ratios of 12.848 and 11.077, respectively, and thus may have a greater influence on HCV spontaneous viral clearance. The IFN-γ (+874 T/A), TNF-α (-238 G/A and -308 G/A) polymorphisms did not show significant association with spontaneous viral clearance or chronicity. CONCLUSION The G allele for IL-10 (-1082 A/G), the C allele for IL-4 (+3 C/T) and the C and T alleles for IL-28B (rs12979860 and rs8099917, respectively) are associated with spontaneous viral clearance in hepatitis C infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliene Antonio Ramos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosane Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional para Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luísa Hoffmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Araújo Ramos
- Serviço de Hepatologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Turán Péter Ürményi
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Alves Villella-Nogueira
- Serviço de Hepatologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lia Lewis-Ximenez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edson Rondinelli
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional para Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Amini M, Poustchi H. Hepatitis C virus spontaneous clearance: immunology and genetic variance. Viral Immunol 2012; 25:241-8. [PMID: 22823386 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2011.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most common chronic viral infections in the world. Approximately 80-90% of acutely infected individuals develop persistent infection, which is a major risk for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, a small portion of patients (10-20%) clear the virus. Clinical outcomes of HCV infection are determined by the interplay between the host immune response, and viral and environmental factors. In regulating immune responses, cytokines play an indispensable role that controls the underlying pathogenesis and the resulting outcome of HCV infection. Cytokines themselves are manipulated by polymorphisms in their genes. In fact, the majority of genetic variants that apparently confer a significant risk for chronic HCV infection have been localized in genes involved in cytokine synthesis and the ultimate immune response. So far, treatment strategies for HCV infection have remained controversial. Genotyping of different polymorphisms will aid clinical decision making for both current standard and personalized care. Genotyping can potentially be useful for future integration of other agents, which provides an opportunity for clinicians to personalize treatment regimens for HCV patients. This review summarizes findings of different studies on host immune responses after HCV infection and the association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and the likelihood of HCV clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzyeh Amini
- Digestive Disease Research Centre, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical science, Tehran, Iran
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Swiątek BJ. Is interleukin-10 gene polymorphism a predictive marker in HCV infection? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:47-59. [PMID: 22390924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The clinical outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection varies between individuals - from spontaneous viral clearance and persistence without complication, to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Also patterns of response to interferon-based anti-HCV therapy are different from person to person. This diversity may be affected by host genetic factors, including alterations in genes encoding cytokines. Interleukin-10, as an anti-inflammatory cytokine and immune response modulator, may influence on HCV infection susceptibility as well as spontaneous and treatment-induced HCV eradication. Moreover, it is stated that IL-10 has antifibrotic properties and play a role in progression of liver disease. This review summarized studies on interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms (mainly promoter SNPs at positions -1082(G/A), -819(C/T) and -592(C/A)), which may determine IL-10 production, regarding susceptibility to HCV infection, course of HCV-related liver disease (fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, ALT abnormalities), spontaneous viral elimination as well as hepatitis C treatment outcomes. Analysis of hereby summarized studies shows that it is difficult to unambiguously determine the importance of IL-10 polymorphism as a predictor of clinical outcome of hepatitis C and response to anti-HCV therapy before its beginning. Thus, future larger studies need to address these issues. Continuation of studies on interleukin-10 polymorphisms as well as identification of other candidate predictive markers in HCV infection has important practical implications and there is a chance that may contribute to reduce the scale of hepatitis C problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna J Swiątek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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Sawhney R, Visvanathan K. Polymorphisms of toll-like receptors and their pathways in viral hepatitis. Antivir Ther 2011; 16:443-58. [PMID: 21685532 DOI: 10.3851/imp1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important part of the innate immune response to a variety of pathogens including hepatic viral infections. Activation of TLRs stimulates a complex intracellular signalling cascade that results in production of proinflammatory cytokines and interferons important for antiviral responses as well as induction of the adaptive arm of the immune system. There is substantial evidence for an important role for TLRs and TLR-mediated signalling in the pathogenesis and outcomes of hepatitis B and C in particular, but it might also influence responses to other viral hepatitis infections. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLRs, relevant adaptor molecules and cytokines mediated by TLR signalling have been described that alter innate immune responses and have been implicated in a variety of human diseases including viral and other infections. There is now significant evidence that a number of TLR SNPs can affect various clinical outcomes in Caucasian patients with chronic HCV. However, the role of these polymorphisms in acute and other chronic hepatitis infections, including HBV as well as in non-Caucasian populations, has not been elucidated. In addition, results for SNPs downstream of TLR activation, such as in relevant cytokines, are inconsistent and their influence requires further investigation to determine the clinical significance of genetic variations in these mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sawhney
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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31
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Schmidt J, Thimme R, Neumann-Haefelin C. Host genetics in immune-mediated hepatitis C virus clearance. Biomark Med 2011; 5:155-69. [PMID: 21473719 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), only few patients spontaneously clear the virus, while most patients develop chronic HCV infection. The host innate and adaptive immune response is believed to be the key determinant of viral clearance or persistence. Several host factors have been demonstrated to influence the efficiency of the antiviral immune response, including IL-28B polymorphisms, inhibitory natural killer cell receptors, as well as HLA class I and II alleles presenting viral antigens to CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. The understanding of the respective mechanisms is essential for the development of successful vaccination strategies against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schmidt
- Department of Medicine II, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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32
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He J, Pei X, Xu W, Wang C, Zhang X, Wu J, Zhao W. The relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α polymorphisms and hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail 2011; 33:915-22. [PMID: 21851198 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2011.605537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is now recognized as one of the major causes of chronic liver disease. It is also one of the most common complications in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α promoter polymorphisms are observed to modulate TNF-α levels and thought to have an effect on susceptibility to HCV infection and the virus clearance, but the results are inconsistent. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published data was performed to evaluate the relationship between the TNF-α-238, -308 polymorphisms and HCV infection. METHODS A total of 15 studies published were analyzed, which were indexed from PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases (up to December 2010). All the data were analyzed using RevMan 4.2 software. Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by fixed or random-effects models. Heterogeneity and publication bias across the studies were also explored. RESULTS The data showed no significant association between TNF-α-308, -238 gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to HCV infection in the global group (p = 0.28, p = 0.38, respectively) and the sub-groups (European, American, African, and Asian). Besides, the distributions of TNF-α-308, -238 A/G alleles were also not significantly different between the persistent infection group and the spontaneous clearance group (p = 0.64, p = 0.75, respectively). CONCLUSION TNF-α-238, -308 gene polymorphisms might have no effect on susceptibility to HCV infection and the virus clearance. The findings of this meta-analysis have implications in the optimal prevention of HCV in HD patients and in the guidance of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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33
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Dogra G, Chakravarti A, Kar P, Chawla YK. Polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 gene promoter region in chronic hepatitis C virus patients and their effect on pegylated interferon-α therapy response. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:935-9. [PMID: 21756957 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development and resolution of an inflammatory process is regulated by a complex interplay among cytokines that have pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Regulatory mechanisms that control the production of cytokines include genetic polymorphism in particular promoter/leader region. Polymorphisms may directly or indirectly affect the binding of transcriptional factors, consequently increasing or decreasing the production of mRNA, thus regulating cytokine production. A total of 70 hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-positive patients and 70 healthy control subjects were included in the present study, who were attending the medical outpatient department (OPD) and wards of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi during 2006-2008. This study was designed to determine the polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 genes in patients with chronic HCV infection patients and their effect on pegylated interferon-α therapy response. Polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-α G/G, G/A, and A/A genotype was significant between HCV patients and healthy controls. Interleukin-10 variants (G/G, G/A) were nonsignificant among HCV patients compared with healthy controls. As this is a preliminary study on small sample size, we believe that our findings may stimulate further studies on larger number of patients from this geographic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Dogra
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
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34
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Rolfe KJ, Curran MD, Alexander GJM, Woodall T, Andrews N, Harris HE. Spontaneous loss of hepatitis C virus RNA from serum is associated with genotype 1 and younger age at exposure. J Med Virol 2011; 83:1338-44. [PMID: 21618556 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A variety of factors have been associated with spontaneous loss of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA from serum, including infecting HCV type, although results are conflicting. This study aimed to investigate further whether infecting HCV type was linked to spontaneous loss of HCV-RNA. Serum samples from 321 untreated HCV antibody positive patients presenting at the Hepatology clinic at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge between 2004 and 2007 were tested. These individuals were classified either as HCV antibody and HCV-RNA positive (viremic, n = 219) or HCV antibody positive and repeatedly HCV-RNA negative (non-viremic, n = 102). Infecting HCV type was identified by genotyping (viremic) or serotyping (non-viremic). Binomial regression analysis investigated the independent effect of HCV type on spontaneous loss of HCV-RNA from serum by comparing the two groups. Ninety-one percent of patients were found to be either genotype 1 or genotype 3. The prevalence of type 1 infection was greater among non-viremic (64.5%) than viremic individuals (45%). After controlling for the effects of potential confounding factors, multivariable analyses showed that individuals with type 1 infections were more likely to be non-viremic than genotype 3 infections (RR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.25, 3.43; P = 0.005). Individuals infected at an older age were also less likely to become HCV-RNA negative spontaneously (RR = 0.42 comparing those infected at ≥20 years of age against those infected at <20 years of age, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.72; P = 0.002). In conclusion, the results suggest that HCV genotype 1 infections are more likely than genotype 3 infections to become spontaneously non-viremic, as are infections acquired at younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Rolfe
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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35
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Romero-Gomez M, Eslam M, Ruiz A, Maraver M. Genes and hepatitis C: susceptibility, fibrosis progression and response to treatment. Liver Int 2011; 31:443-60. [PMID: 21382156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus contact and infection show three different phenotypes: spontaneous viral clearance (SVC), chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and sustained virological response (SVR) following antiviral treatment. Many factors, including genetics, influence the evolution of these three phenotypes. We performed a literature search (PubMed) up to 31 January 2010 without language restriction to identify relevant studies on genes and hepatitis C. Additional studies were sought by reviewing the reference lists of the identified articles. Meta-analysis (using Meta-disk 1.4) was conducted to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the IL28B region and SVR. The candidate gene approach showed strong relationships between human leucocyte antigen class II (DQB1(*) 0301 and DRB1(*) 1101) and SVC. A cirrhosis risk score involving 7 SNPs has been validated recently. The set of odds ratios of studies demonstrated an association between SNP (rs12987960/rs8099917) in the IL28B and SVR in CHC treated with peginterferon plus ribavirin (OR: 4.6; 95% CI: 2.9-7.3). The overall distribution of protective allele correlated with ethnic differences in SVR (Asians, Europeans, Hispanic and Afro-Americans) together with SVC, but not with fibrosis stage or viral load. These polymorphisms did not influence SVR in very-easy-to-treat patients such as genotype 2/3, rapid virological responders or patients with acute hepatitis C. While the genetic fingerprint for fibrosis progression remains elusive, IL28b polymorphism predicts SVC and SVR. However, nearly half of patients achieving SVR did not show favourable genotype. Further genetic signals are warranted to complete the puzzle of factors influencing hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Romero-Gomez
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases and Ciberehd, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain.
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36
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Pissetti CW, Correia D, de Oliveira RF, Llaguno MM, Balarin MAS, Silva-Grecco RL, Rodrigues V. Genetic and functional role of TNF-alpha in the development Trypanosoma cruzi infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e976. [PMID: 21408088 PMCID: PMC3050938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-alpha plays an important role in trypanocidal mechanisms and is related to tissue injury. This cytokine has been detected in the heart of human chagasic patients where it is associated with tissue damage. This study investigated whether TNF-alpha levels and the presence of genetic polymorphisms are associated with the presence of T. cruzi infection and/or with the development of the cardiac form in chronic chagasic patients. Genomic DNA of 300 subjects from an endemic area was extracted and analyzed by PCR using specific primers. TNF-alpha was assayed in culture supernatants by ELISA. An association was observed between the absence of the TNF-238A allele and negative serology. Furthermore, seropositive individuals carrying the TNF-238A allele produced significantly higher TNF-alpha levels without stimulation (p=0.04) and after stimulation with LPS (p=0.007) and T. cruzi antigens (p=0.004). The present results suggest that the polymorphism at position -238 influences susceptibility to infection and that this allele is associated with higher TNF-alpha production in seropositive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Wide Pissetti
- Laboratory of Immunology, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dalmo Correia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Faria de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maurício Manoel Llaguno
- Laboratory of Immunology, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunology, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Selvarajah S, Tobler LH, Simmons G, Busch MP. Host genetic basis for hepatitis C virus clearance: a role for blood collection centers. Curr Opin Hematol 2010; 17:550-7. [PMID: 20729732 PMCID: PMC3069808 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e32833e7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Host genetic factors influencing hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission outcomes are incompletely defined. However, vast differences observed in rates of spontaneous clearance between individuals infected with the same parental HCV strain strongly indicate a role for genetic determinants in the host immune response to HCV. This review discusses genetic association studies, particularly those published in the last year, that show gene linkages with spontaneous and treatment-induced HCV clearance. The valuable role that blood collection centers can play in increasing the sample size of HCV-confirmed seropositive donors with resolved versus persistent infections for large-scale genetic association studies is highlighted. RECENT FINDINGS Recent groundbreaking genome-wide association study and targeted single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis from independent groups have demonstrated immune response gene polymorphisms, and particularly in the interleukin (IL)-28B gene, that are strongly linked to HCV clearance. The IL-28B gene encodes interferon lambda 3, an innate immune response cytokine. SNPs in the promoter region of IL-28B were first shown to be associated with HCV treatment-induced viral clearance and subsequently to be a key determinant of spontaneous HCV resolution in infected individuals. Samples from blood donors with resolved and chronic HCV infections have contributed to these findings. SUMMARY These genetic studies have provided the strongest evidence so far of a host genetic determinant linked to HCV clearance. Such large-scale genetic association studies will promote better understanding of HCV disease pathogenesis and assist in effective prognosis of HCV in the future. Continued and preferably expanded participation of blood centers in this research is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Selvarajah
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
| | - Leslie H. Tobler
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
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Randall LM, Kenangalem E, Lampah DA, Tjitra E, Mwaikambo ED, Handojo T, Piera KA, Zhao ZZ, de Labastida Rivera F, Zhou Y, McSweeney KM, Le L, Amante FH, Haque A, Stanley AC, Woodberry T, Salwati E, Granger DL, Hobbs MR, Price RN, Weinberg JB, Montgomery GW, Anstey NM, Engwerda CR. A study of the TNF/LTA/LTB locus and susceptibility to severe malaria in highland papuan children and adults. Malar J 2010; 9:302. [PMID: 21029472 PMCID: PMC2978234 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe malaria (SM) syndromes caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection result in major morbidity and mortality each year. However, only a fraction of P. falciparum infections develop into SM, implicating host genetic factors as important determinants of disease outcome. Previous studies indicate that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin alpha (LTα) may be important for the development of cerebral malaria (CM) and other SM syndromes. METHODS An extensive analysis was conducted of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNF, LTA and LTB genes in highland Papuan children and adults, a population historically unexposed to malaria that has migrated to a malaria endemic region. Generated P-values for SNPs spanning the LTA/TNF/LTB locus were corrected for multiple testing of all the SNPs and haplotype blocks within the region tested through 10,000 permutations. A global P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS No associations between SNPs in the TNF/LTA/LTB locus and susceptibility to SM in highland Papuan children and adults were found. CONCLUSIONS These results support the notion that unique selective pressure on the TNF/LTA/LTB locus in different populations has influenced the contribution of the gene products from this region to SM susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Randall
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Australian Centre for Vaccine Development, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
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Grünhage F, Nattermann J. Viral hepatitis: human genes that limit infection. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 24:709-23. [PMID: 20955972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Treatment response and susceptibility to chronic viral hepatitis C and B may be modified by host genetic factors. The majority of genetic variants that confer a significant risk have been localized in genes involved in immune response. However, many findings could not be replicated and almost none of the identified risk factors had a noticeable impact on clinical decisions. In contrast, recent findings in independent large genome wide association studies confirmed genetic variants in the interferon gamma gene locus as strong predictors of outcome with outstanding clinical relevance. This review gives an overview on significant genetic susceptibility factors for susceptibility and treatment outcome in chronic viral hepatitis C and B that have been identified by the classical candidate gene approach and genome wide studies and also highlights some recent findings on genetic factors for common adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Grünhage
- Medical Department II, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstr. 1, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Cellular Immune Response and Cytokine Profile Among Hepatitis C Positive Living Donor Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2010; 90:654-60. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181eac3a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Cui Q, Ding KQ, Yu RB. Relationship between host genetic polymorphisms and the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:2731-2738. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i26.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can induce host innate and adaptive immune responses. Approximately 15%-25% of HCV-infected patients successfully eliminated the virus whereas the majority of these patients developed chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Numerous studies have demonstrated that host genetic polymorphisms may lead to differences in host immune function and therefore influence the clinical outcome of HCV infection. This review briefly summarizes the relationship between host genetic polymorphisms and the outcome of HCV infection.
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Zhang LZ, Zhang TC, Pan FM, Zhang ZH, Li X. Interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms in association with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis study. Arch Virol 2010; 155:1839-42. [PMID: 20661604 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A relationship between chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene polymorphisms has been reported with controversial results in different studies. In an effort to solve this controversy, we quantitatively summarized ten studies on this relationship by means of meta-analysis. Our analysis included ten case-control studies with 992 cases of chronic HCV infection and 1,123 controls. Analyses were performed with STATA version 9.0. The results showed that the IL-10 -1082GG genotype significantly increased the risk for persistent HCV infection (AA vs. GG: OR = 0.680, 95% CI = 0.489-0.947, P = 0.022; AG vs. GG: OR = 0.608, 95% CI = 0.439-0.840, P = 0.003; GG vs. AG + AA: OR = 1.570, 95% CI = 1.160-2.123, P = 0.003), but no statistically significant differences were observed between cases and controls for IL-10 -819C/T and IL-10 -592C/A polymorphisms (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested that the IL-10 -1082GG genotype was associated with increased susceptibility for chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhou Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many viruses produce musculoskeletal symptoms during an acute infection, a long-term inflammatory arthritis remains an unusual consequence. When evaluating arthritis in a patient with a chronic or latent viral infection, serologic testing and therapeutic options are significantly altered. RESULTS The example of hepatitis C reveals how chronic infection can complicate the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Determination of rheumatoid factor is of limited utility, whereas the anticyclic citrullinated peptide has become a new test with improved specificity. Therapeutic options are severely constrained because of potential hepatotoxicity of oral agents such as methotrexate and leflunomide. Antitumor necrosis factor alpha biologics have demonstrated initial safety in the setting of hepatitis C virus but may be associated with reactivation of hepatitis B virus. Biologics such as abatacept and rituximab have been inadequately studied in this population to date. Prevention of viral infections by influenza and herpes zoster vaccines in rheumatoid arthritis patients needs improved administration rates and careful planning to maximize efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Chronic viral infections complicate the diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory arthritis. The antitumor necrosis factor alpha biologics have become important therapeutic options for patients with hepatitis C. Vaccination against influenza and herpes zoster are underused in health maintenance of arthritis patients.
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Bouzgarrou N, Hassen E, Gabbouj S, Schvoerer E, Ben Mami N, Triki H, Chouchane L. Lack of effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha -308 G/A polymorphism on severity of liver fibrosis in Tunisian hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:297-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Rauch A, Gaudieri S, Thio C, Bochud PY. Host genetic determinants of spontaneous hepatitis C clearance. Pharmacogenomics 2009; 10:1819-37. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Abbas OM, Abdel-Rahman MH, Omar NA, Badran HM, Amir EM. Interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms in hepatitis C patients with and without Schistosoma mansoni co-infection. Liver Int 2009; 29:1422-30. [PMID: 19555400 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Interleukin (IL-10) plays a major role in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease pathogenesis, in particular in Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) co-infected patients. Given that interindividual variations in IL-10 production are influenced by functional polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene promoter, we determined the frequencies of common (-1082, -819 and -592) IL-10 promoter polymorphisms in chronic HCV patients with and without S. mansoni co-infection and healthy controls, and investigated their association with the degree of histological activity index (HAI) and response to interferon-ribavirin therapy. METHODS Genomic DNA from 99 patients and 62 healthy controls, born in the same geographical hyperendemic area, was studied by the polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction enzyme digestion. Sera were assessed for S. mansoni antibodies. RESULTS The frequencies of IL-10 polymorphisms at positions -1082, -819 and -592 from the transcription start site were comparable between HCV patients and controls, as well as between HCV mono-infected and either S. mansoni co-infected patients or controls. The grade of inflammation and the stage of fibrosis showed no association with IL-10 polymorphisms. The frequencies of S. mansoni co-infection and IL-10 genotypes/haplotypes were insignificantly different between non-responders and responders to combination therapy. No effect of other factors like age, gender, HAI group scores and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels was observed on response to therapy in our patients. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that common IL-10 (-1082, -819 and -592) genotypes/haplotypes do not influence the degree of HAI and response to combination therapy or susceptibility to HCV infection with and without S. mansoni co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omaima M Abbas
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menofeya University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menofeya, Egypt.
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An assessment of a TNF polymorphic marker for the risk of HCV infection: meta-analysis and a new clinical study design. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2009; 9:1356-63. [PMID: 19800032 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have investigated the association between TNF-alpha -308G/A polymorphism and the risk of HCV infection; the results of these studies are conflict, however. To provide a more definitive conclusion, a meta-analysis combining and summarizing 12 studies was performed. The Mantel-Haenszel and DerSimonian-Laird methods were employed in traditional fixed effects and random effects meta-analysis, respectively. The capability of a Bayesian approach was highlighted in the estimation of a pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, as well as in the calculation of a sample size for the new study design. Heterogeneity and publication bias across the studies were also explored. The results of the meta-analysis (OR=1.179, CI=0.833-1.649) suggest no significant association between TNF-alpha -308G/A polymorphism and susceptibility to HCV infection in the combined populations. However, there was evidence indicating a possible impact of ethnicity (Asian vs. non-Asian populations) on the association evaluated here (beta(ethnicity)=0.293+/-0.271). While the power of existing Asian studies was insufficient to make a statistical statement, the sample size of a new clinical study was estimated (500 subjects with 80% statistical power) for further assessment of an association between TNF-alpha -308G/A polymorphism and risk of HCV infection in Asians.
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Jacques A, Bleau C, Turbide C, Beauchemin N, Lamontagne L. Macrophage interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha are induced by coronavirus fixation to Toll-like receptor 2/heparan sulphate receptors but not carcinoembryonic cell adhesion antigen 1a. Immunology 2009; 128:e181-92. [PMID: 19740307 PMCID: PMC2753892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 07/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid antiviral immune response may be related to viral interaction with the host cell leading to activation of macrophages via pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) or specific viral receptors. Carcinoembryonic cell adhesion antigen 1a (CEACAM1a) is the specific receptor for the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a coronavirus known to induce acute viral hepatitis in mice. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanisms responsible for the secretion of high-pathogenic MHV3-induced inflammatory cytokines. We report that the induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in peritoneal macrophages does not depend on CEACAM1a, as demonstrated in cells isolated from Ceacam1a(-/-) mice. The induction of IL-6 and TNF-alpha production was related rather to the fixation of the spike (S) protein of MHV3 on Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in regions enriched in heparan sulphate and did not rely on viral replication, as demonstrated with denatured S protein and UV-inactivated virus. High levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were produced in livers from infected C57BL/6 mice but not in livers from Tlr2(-/-) mice. The histopathological observations were correlated with the levels of those inflammatory cytokines. Depending on mouse strain, the viral fixation to heparan sulfate/TLR2 stimulated differently the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in the induction of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. These results suggest that TLR2 and heparan sulphate receptors can act as new viral PPRs involved in inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Jacques
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Combined analysis of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis C severity. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:230-6. [PMID: 19480854 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Today there is increasing evidence concerning the contribution of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance and genetic factors in hepatitis C pathogenesis and interindividual heterogeneity of disease outcome. In the current study, we investigated the influence of functionally described single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) genes, on chronic hepatitis C severity. IFNgamma (+874T/A) and IL-10 (-1082G/A) genotypes were determined in 100 hepatitis C patients with different disease severities (chronic hepatitis, n = 42, liver cirrhosis [LC], and hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis [HCC], n = 58) and 103 healthy controls using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. No statistical differences in allele or genotype distributions of IFNgamma and IL-10 genes were observed between patients and controls. However, some significant differences in IFNgamma genotype frequencies were observed between the two groups of patients. IFNgamma(high producer) genotypes TT and TA were significantly more common in patients with LC and HCC (odds ratio = 2.65; p = 0.019). Although IL-10 genotypic frequencies were comparable between the different clinical forms of the disease, the combination of IFNgamma(low producer) and IL-10(high producer) genotypes was significantly associated with a lower risk of LC and HCC (odds ratio = 0.21; p = 0.015). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the imbalance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses mediated by polymorphisms in the IFNgamma and IL-10 genes may influence the outcome of chronic HCV infection.
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In vitro mitogen-stimulated T-cell from hepatitis C virus-positive liver transplantation candidates, increases T-cell activation markers and T-cell proliferation. Transpl Immunol 2008; 19:112-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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