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Bai S, Dang W, Hong W, Liao W, Smith RD. The prevalence of hepatitis B in Chinese general population from 2018 to 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:211. [PMID: 38365596 PMCID: PMC10870619 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within China, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains widely prevalent and one of the major public health problems. There have been only two previous estimates of its prevalence at the population level in China, with the latest survey conducted in 2006. A meta-analysis estimated the prevalence of HBV within China between 2013 and 2017 as 7%. This review provides an updated estimate of HBV prevalence in China from 2018 to 2022. METHODS Systematic searches of literature from January 1, 2018 to December 25, 2022 were conducted in four international databases (Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, CBM, and WanFang data). Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the pooled HBV prevalence with 95% confidence intervals in the overall population and subgroups. Publication bias, heterogeneity between studies, and study quality were assessed. RESULTS Twenty-five articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection in the Chinese general population from 2018 to 2022 was 3% (95%CI: 2-4%). The prevalence of HBV infection was similar between males and females (both 3%), while rural areas had a higher prevalence than urban areas (3% vs 2%). The highest prevalence of HBV was reported in the eastern provinces (4, 95%CI: 2-6%). The HBV prevalence of people aged ≥18 years old (6, 95%CI: 4-8%) was higher than people aged < 18 years old (0, 95%CI: 0-1%). CONCLUSION Compared to the previous meta-analysis prevalence in 2013-2017, the updated meta-analysis estimated prevalence of HBV infection (3%) from 2018 to 2020 showed a decreasing trend, suggesting China had moved into a lower intermediate epidemic area (2-5%). However, the prevalence of HBV in rural areas and eastern regions was still higher than the national average. People aged ≥18 years old showed a higher HBV prevalence. HBV prevention should be prioritized in the highest-prevalence areas and high-risk populations. Due to heterogeneity in data collection methods among studies, there remains a need for systematic surveillance of nationwide HBV prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Bai
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wen Dang
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wenying Hong
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wenyu Liao
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Robert David Smith
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Legese H, Berhe B, Adhanom G, Kahsay T, Gebrewahd A, Gebremariam G, Mardu F, Tesfay K, Gebremedhin H, Negash H. Trend analysis of hepatitis B and C among patients visiting health facility of Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2014-2019. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:164. [PMID: 37208626 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C viruses are the major public health concerns of the globe. The two hepatotropic viruses share common modes of transmission and their co-infection is common. Despite the provision of an effective prevention mechanism, the infections caused by these viruses remain a significant problem worldwide, particularly among developing countries like Ethiopia. METHODS This institutional-based retrospective study was conducted between January 2014 December and December 2019 from documented laboratory logbooks of Adigrat general hospital serology laboratory, Tigrai, Ethiopia. data were collected and checked for completeness on a daily based, coded, entered, and cleaned using Epinfo version 7.1, exported and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression analysis and Chi-square test (X2) assessed the association between dependent and independent variables. The corresponding variables with a P-value (P < 0.05) and 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Out of 20,935 clinically suspected individuals, 20,622 were given specimens and tested for hepatitis B and C viruses with total completeness of 98.5%. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus was found to be 3.57% (689/19,273) and 2.13% (30/1,405), respectively. The positivity rate of the hepatitis B virus was 8.0% (106/1317) and 3.24% (583/17,956) among males and females, respectively. Additionally, 2.49%( 12/481) of males and 1.94% (18/924) of females were positive for hepatitis C virus infection. The overall prevalence of co-infection for both hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus was 7.4% (4/54). Sex and age were significantly associated with hepatitis B and C virus infection. CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of hepatitis B and C is low intermediate according to the WHO criteria. Although there was a fluctuating trend of hepatitis B and C through the years 2014-2019, the result shows moreover declining trend. Both hepatitis B and C share similar routes of transmission and affect all age categories but males were more highly affected than females. Therefore, awareness creation of the community about the methods of transmission, education about prevention, and control of hepatitis B and C virus infection, and improving coverage of youth-friendly services in health facilities should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haftom Legese
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia.
| | - Brhane Berhe
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Tsega Kahsay
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Aderajew Gebrewahd
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Guesh Gebremariam
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Tesfay
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Haftay Gebremedhin
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Hadush Negash
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
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Bedassa BB, Ebo GG, Yimam JA, Tura JB, Wariso FB, Lulseged S, Eticha GT, Wolde TK, Abrahim SA. Prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B and C virus infections among female Sex workers in Ethiopia: Results of the national biobehavioral Survey, 2020. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269510. [PMID: 36584042 PMCID: PMC9803120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C virus infections are endemic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, the region with the highest prevalence of these infections in the world. Female sex workers are exposed to sexually transmitted infections, including hepatitis B and C, because of their high-risk sexual behavior and limited access to health services. There are no large-scale data on the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among female sex workers in Ethiopia, a critical gap in information this study aimed to fill. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, biobehavioral survey conducted from December 2019-April 2020 among 6085 female sex workers aged ≥15 years and residing in sixteen (16) regional capital cities and selected major towns of Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from the participants for hepatitis B and C virus serological testing. The data were collected using an open data kits (ODK) software and imported into STATA version16 for analysis. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and proportions) were used to summarize data on the study variables. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the strength of association between independent variables (risk factors) and the outcome (hepatitis B and C virus infection). Adjusted Odd ratio (AOR) was used to determine independent associations, 95% confidence interval to assess precision of the estimates, and a P value ≤ 0.05 to determine statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among the 6085 female sex workers was 2.6% [(95% CI (2.2,2.8)] and 0.5% [(95% CI (0.4,0.7)], respectively. Female sex workers who had 61-90 and ≥91 paying clients in the past six months [(AOR = 1.66; 95% CI, (0.99, 2.79); P = 0.054] and [(AOR = 1.66 95% CI, (1.11, 2.49); P = 0.013], respectively, age at first sex selling of 20-24 and >25 years [(AOR = 1.67; 95% CI, (1.14, 2.44); P = 0.009)] and [(AOR = 1.56; 95% CI (1.004, 2.43); P = 0.048)], respectively, known HIV positive status [(AOR = 1.64; 95% CI (1.03, 2.62); P = 0.036] were significantly associated with the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection. Similarly, hepatitis C was significantly associated with, age at first sex ≤15 years and age 16-20 years [(AOR = 0.21; 95%CI (0.07,0.61); P = 0.005)] and [(AOR = 0.18; 95% CI (0.061, 0.53); P = 0.002)], respectively, known HIV positive status [(AOR = 2.85; 95%CI (1.10,7.37); P = 0.031)] and testing positive for syphilis [(AOR = 4.38; 95% CI (1.73,11.11); P = 0.002)], respectively. CONCLUSION This analysis reveals an intermediate prevalence of hepatitis B and a low prevalence of hepatitis C infection among female sex workers in Ethiopia. It also suggests that population groups like female sex workers are highly vulnerable to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and other sexually transmitted infections. There is a need for strengthening treatment and prevention interventions, including immunization services for hepatitis B vaccination, increasing HCV testing, and provision of treatment services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jemal Ayalew Yimam
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Science, Wollo University, Kombolcha, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Sileshi Lulseged
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Occult Hepatitis B Infection among Hemodialysis in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran: Prevalence and Mutations within the S Region. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:3838857. [PMID: 35800327 PMCID: PMC9256460 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3838857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of the extensive screening for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hemodialysis (HD) patients are still severely at the risk of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), especially in developing countries. OBI is defined as the presence of HBV DNA with undetectable HBsAg in the liver and/or Serum. This study aims to determine the prevalence of OBI in HD patients in Tabriz Province, northwest of Iran, and inquire about the mutations in the detected HBsAg. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, ELISA method assessed serum and plasma samples of 118 HBsAg-negative patients undergoing HD treatment for HBV serological markers (HBsAg and Anti-HBc). Specific primers by nested polymerase chain reaction have been utilized to examine HBV DNA; also, direct sequencing of surface genes was carried out to characterize the viral genotypes and S gene mutations. Finally, followed by real-time PCR, the quantity of viral load in OBI-positive patients was determined. A total of 118 HD patients were included (63.6% were male and 36.4% female), with an overall mean age of 60.8 ± 12.8 years old. The prevalence of antihepatitis B core antibody (Anti-HBc) in the study population was 26.3% (31/118). Five patients (4.2%) were positive for HBV DNA and labeled OBI-positive; their plasma HBV-DNA load was less than 100 IU/ml. Following the phylogenetic analysis, the samples with OBI roughly belonged to genotype D, subtype ayw2 and only two had mutations within the S ’gene’s major hydrophilic region (MHR), including T123I, C124F, and P127T. This study reports the prevalence of OBI in the HBsAg-negative HD patients being at a rate of 4.2%, which can be a clinically vital consideration in this region. HBV serologic screening approaches need to be renewed to cover nucleic acid testing in the setting of hemodialysis and all the other high-risk groups associated with it (i.e., blood and organ donors).
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The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Bangladesh: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e47. [PMID: 35156592 PMCID: PMC8895722 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major public health problems worldwide, mostly in developing countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of HBV infection in Bangladesh. We systematically searched various electronic databases to retrieve relevant studies published until April 2021. A total of 15 studies were met the inclusion criteria and included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimated prevalence of HBV infection in the general population of Bangladesh from 1995 to 2017 was 4.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0–5.1]. The results of subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of hepatitis B was higher in females than males [odds ratio (OR) 1.20, 95% CI 0.48–2.97, P = 0.70], people of age <25 years had a higher prevalence than people of age >25 years (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.72–2.17, P = 0.42) and married people had a higher prevalence than unmarried/single people (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.51–3.10, P < 0.0001). The Egger's test statistics (P = 0.584), Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test (P = 0.054) indicated the absence of publication bias. This study analysis reported a low intermediate prevalence of HBV infection (4%) in Bangladesh, which is currently higher than the global prevalence of HBV infection (3.5%).
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Mothana RA, Arbab AH, ElGamal AA, Parvez MK, Al-Dosari MS. Isolation and Characterization of Two Chalcone Derivatives with Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity from the Endemic Socotraen Dracaena cinnabari (Dragon’s Blood Tree). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030952. [PMID: 35164217 PMCID: PMC8838591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent and continues to be a global health concern. In this study, we determined the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) potential of the Socotra-endemic medicinal plant Dracaena cinnabari and isolated and characterized the responsible constituents. A bioassay-guided fractionation using different chromatographic techniques of the methanolic extract of D. cinnabari led to the isolation of two chalcone derivatives. Using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including 1H-, 13C-, and 2D-NMR, these derivatives were identified as 2,4’-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone (compound 1) and 2,4’-dihydroxy-4-methoxyhydrochalcone (compound 2). Both compounds were isolated for the first time from the red resin (dragon’s blood) of D. cinnabari. The compounds were first evaluated for cytotoxicity on HepG2.2.15 cells and 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) values were determined. They were then evaluated for anti-HBV activity against HepG2.2.15 cells by assessing the suppression of HBsAg and HBeAg production in the culture supernatants and their half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) and therapeutic index (TI) values were determined. Compounds 1 and 2 indicated inhibition of HBsAg production in a dose- and time-dependent manner with IC50 values of 20.56 and 6.36 μg/mL, respectively.
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Ladju RB, Ulhaq ZS, Soraya GV. Nanotheranostics: A powerful next-generation solution to tackle hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:176-187. [PMID: 35110943 PMCID: PMC8776531 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an epidemic burden and remains highly prevalent worldwide. The significant mortality rates of HCC are largely due to the tendency of late diagnosis and the multifaceted, complex nature of treatment. Meanwhile, current therapeutic modalities such as liver resection and transplantation are only effective for resolving early-stage HCC. Hence, alternative approaches are required to improve detection and enhance the efficacy of current treatment options. Nanotheranostic platforms, which utilize biocompatible nanoparticles to perform both diagnostics and targeted delivery, has been considered a potential approach for cancer management in the past few decades. Advancement of nanomaterials and biomedical engineering techniques has led to rapid expansion of the nanotheranostics field, allowing for more sensitive and specific diagnosis, real-time monitoring of drug delivery, and enhanced treatment efficacies across various malignancies. The focus of this review is on the applications of nanotheranostics for HCC. The review first explores the current epidemiology and the commonly encountered obstacles in HCC diagnosis and treatment. It then presents the current technological and functional advancements in nanotheranostic technology for cancer in general, and then specifically explores the use of nanotheranostic modalities as a promising option to address the key challenges present in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusdina Bte Ladju
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim Islamic State University, Malang 65151, Indonesia
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
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Mahamat G, Kenmoe S, Akazong EW, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Mbaga DS, Bowo-Ngandji A, Foe-Essomba JR, Amougou-Atsama M, Monamele CG, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Zemnou-Tepap C, Meta-Djomsi D, Maïdadi-Foudi M, Touangnou-Chamda SA, Daha-Tchoffo AG, Selly-Ngaloumo AA, Nayang-Mundo RA, Yéngué JF, Taya-Fokou JB, Fokou LKM, Kenfack-Momo R, Tchami Ngongang D, Atembeh Noura E, Tazokong HR, Demeni Emoh CP, Kengne-Ndé C, Bigna JJ, Boyomo O, Njouom R. Global prevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers among healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1190-1202. [PMID: 34630885 PMCID: PMC8473496 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i9.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health concern that affects about 2 billion people and causes 1 million people deaths yearly. HBV is a blood-borne disease and healthcare workers (HCWs) are a high-risk group because of occupational hazard to patients' blood. Different regions of the world show a highly variable proportion of HCWs infected and/or immunized against HBV. Global data on serologic markers of HBV infection and immunization in HCWs are very important to improve strategies for HBV control. AIM To determine the worldwide prevalence of HBV serological markers among HCWs. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analyses, we searched PubMed and Excerpta Medica Database (Embase) to identify studies published between 1970 and 2019 on the prevalence of HBV serological markers in HCWs worldwide. We also manually searched for references of relevant articles. Four independent investigators selected studies and included those on the prevalence of each of the HBV serological markers including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg), immunoglobulin M anti-HBc, and anti-HBs. Methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed and random-effect model meta-analysis resulted in the pooled prevalence of HBV serological markers HBV infection in HCWs. Heterogeneity (I²) was assessed using the χ² test on Cochran's Q statistic and H parameters. Heterogeneity' sources were explored through subgroup and metaregression analyses. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019137144. RESULTS We reviewed 14059 references, out of which 227 studies corresponding to 448 prevalence data among HCWs (224936 HCWs recruited from 1964 to 2019 in 71 countries) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled seroprevalences of current HBsAg, current HBeAg, and acute HBV infection among HCWs were 2.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9-2.7], 0.2% (95%CI: 0.0-1.7), and 5.3% (95%CI: 1.4-11.2), respectively. The pooled seroprevalences of total immunity against HBV and immunity acquired by natural HBV infection in HCWs were 56.6% (95%CI: 48.7-63.4) and 9.2% (95%CI: 6.8-11.8), respectively. HBV infection was more prevalent in HCWs in low-income countries, particularly in Africa. The highest immunization rates against HBV in HCWs were recorded in urban areas and in high-income countries including Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean and the Western Pacific. CONCLUSION New strategies are needed to improve awareness, training, screening, vaccination, post-exposure management and treatment of HBV infection in HCWs, and particularly in low-income regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadji Mahamat
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Etheline W Akazong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang 00237, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Marie Amougou-Atsama
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d'Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Cromwel Zemnou-Tepap
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Dowbiss Meta-Djomsi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d'Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Martin Maïdadi-Foudi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d'Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lorraine K M Fokou
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Efietngab Atembeh Noura
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Hervé Raoul Tazokong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | | | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Jean Joel Bigna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Onana Boyomo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé 00237, Cameroon.
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Feindiri M, Kabbaj H, El Mzibri M, Belkadi B, Bouihat N, Filali-Maltouf A, Seffar M. Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Markers among Patients of the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center (Rabat, Morocco). Intervirology 2021; 65:80-86. [PMID: 34518480 PMCID: PMC9153348 DOI: 10.1159/000518618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral hepatitis B is a global scourge affecting millions of people worldwide. In Morocco, hepatitis B is considered a public health problem, and available data converge to consider Morocco as a country with intermediate endemicity. In the present study, we have planned to evaluate the HBV prevalence in Morocco on a large scale and to assess the prevalence of different serological markers for better management of this infection in Morocco. METHODS This study was conducted on 18,877 patients referring to the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center of Rabat, Morocco. HBV serological markers including HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and total HBcAb were assessed by immune-enzymatic assays. The quantification of HBV DNA was performed by real-time PCR. RESULTS The overall prevalence of positive cases for HBsAg, HBsAb, and total HBcAb was 2.47%, 27.66%, and 21.2%, respectively. From 141 patients with an isolated HBcAb serological profile (HBcAb+/HBsAb-/HBsAg-), HBV DNA was detected in 10 patients, representing a rate of 7.09%. In the present study, up to 95.78% of HBV chronic carriers were negative for HBeAg. CONCLUSION This study highlights a higher prevalence of HBsAg in the hospital-based population than the general population reported previously in Morocco and a very low HBV immunization coverage. Of particular interest, detectable HBV DNA levels in isolated HBcAb patients show that exclusive HBsAg screening cannot eliminate the risk of HBV transmission in certain cases. Many efforts are then mandatory to promote serological testing and increase the vaccination rate to limit viral dissemination for better management of this disease in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Feindiri
- Central Laboratory of Virology, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hakima Kabbaj
- Central Laboratory of Virology, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Medical and Biological Research Unit, The National Center for Energy and Nuclear Science and Technology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Belkadi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Najat Bouihat
- Central Laboratory of Virology, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Myriam Seffar
- Central Laboratory of Virology, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection Among University Students in Central Bangladesh. J Community Health 2021; 47:136-142. [PMID: 34491507 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-021-01025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and determinants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among university students in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 614 students from five universities in central Bangladesh. Data were collected on demographic information, immunization history, medical and blood transfusion history through the face-to-face interview. Blood samples were collected and screened for anti-HBsAg using ELISA, HBsAg Rapid Test-cassette, and immune chromatographic test. The overall seroprevalence of HBV infection was 5.0%, and vaccination coverage was 19.2% among the participants. Students having a history of surgery (OR 11.004, 95% CI 3.211-37.707), blood transfusion (OR 5.651, 95% CI 0.965-33.068), being married (OR 4.776, 95% CI 1.508-15.127), and not being vaccinated (OR 9.825, 95% CI 1.130-85.367) were at higher risk of being infected by HBV. This study showed the endemicity of HBV infection among the Bangladeshi population. Marriage, surgical or blood transfusion history, not being vaccinated were the determinants of HBV infection within the study population. Public health initiatives for preventing HBV infection at the university levels should be envisaged.
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11
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Mirzaei G, Shamsasenjan K, Jafari B, Bagherizadeh Y, Sadafzadeh A, Bannazadeh-Baghi H, Sadeghi-Deylamdeh Z, Jafari-Sales A. Prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in beta-thalassemia major patients of Tabriz city, Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 43:100912. [PMID: 34401191 PMCID: PMC8348174 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
People with beta-thalassemia major are more likely to acquire blood-borne viral infections due to the need for frequent blood transfusions. Of these viruses, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are of particular importance. In this study, the prevalence of HBV, HCV and their risk factors in beta-thalassemia major patients in East Azerbaijan province was investigated. The study was descriptive cross-sectional, and 116 beta-thalassemia major patients who received blood in Shahid Ghazi hospital and Children's hospital in Tabriz city were studied. Data were collected by a questionnaire, and blood samples of patients in terms of serum markers HCV-Ab, HBsAg and HBs-Ab were analyzed by ELISA, and positive HCV-Ab results were confirmed by Real Time-PCR. Then using SPSS software version 22 and with the help of t-tests including Anova T-test, Man-Whitney U test, Independent sample t-test, chi-square and Fisher exact test, Statistical studies were performed. Of the 116 patients studied, no HBsAg positive cases were found. Four patients (3.4%) were positive for HCV-Ab, of which two patients (1.7%) became HCV-RNA positive after Real Time-PCR. There was a significant relationship between HCV-Ab positive and HCV-RNA positive (P = 0.000), blood transfusion intervals (P = 0.043), number of injected blood units (P = 0.001) and duration of blood transfusion (P = 0.006). The prevalence of HCV was lower in patients who started receiving blood after a blood donor screening program. HCV is less prevalent in thalassemia patients in East Azerbaijan province than in some studies in the country and various global statistics. After 1996, the prevalence of HCV in the thalassemia patient population has decreased significantly, and it seems that HCV infections since 1996 have been associated with various factors such as people's jobs, position, behaviour in society, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - K. Shamsasenjan
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - B. Jafari
- Department of Microbiology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Y. Bagherizadeh
- Department of Microbiology School of Basic Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - A. Sadafzadeh
- Department of Toxicology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - H. Bannazadeh-Baghi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - A. Jafari-Sales
- Department of Microbiology School of Basic Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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12
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Robotin MC, Wallace J, Gallego G, George J. Hepatitis B and Liver Cancer: Community Awareness, Knowledge and Beliefs of Middle Eastern Migrants in Sydney, Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168534. [PMID: 34444285 PMCID: PMC8394558 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a significant global health challenge given an increasing morbidity and inadequate public health response, Migrant populations are primarily affected by CHB in industrialised countries, and while more than 7% of Australians with CHB were born in Africa or the Middle East, little is known of their awareness or knowledge of viral hepatitis and its impact. This qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews with Assyrian and Arabic community leaders and focus groups (FG) with 66 community members sought to identify hepatitis and liver cancer knowledge and awareness among local Arabic and Assyrian-speaking communities in Western Sydney. Interviews were thematically analysed, with findings framing the topics for the FGs which were analysed using a framework analysis. Themes identified across both methods included limited awareness or knowledge of viral hepatitis or liver cancer, stigma associated with both conditions, variable levels of health literacy and trust in medical practitioners, and fear that receiving “bad news” would deter people from seeking care. Preferred sources of health information were family doctors, family members, the internet and the ethnic media. The study gave valuable information for the design of an educational program and provided useful information for the planning of culturally appropriate hepatitis screening and treatment services for these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C. Robotin
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Jack Wallace
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society (ARCSHS), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Gisselle Gallego
- Auburn Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8204-4237
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia;
- Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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13
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Asghar MS, Rasheed U, Hassan M, Akram M, Yaseen R, Fayaz B. A CROSS-SECTIONAL SCREENING SURVEY ON THE SEROPREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C AMONGST THE GENERAL POPULATION OF RURAL DISTRICTS OF SINDH, PAKISTAN. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2021; 58:150-156. [PMID: 34231661 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis is a global phenomenon, with the disease burden varying on a daily basis. Amongst chronic infections, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are egregiously linked to severe health-related complications, with a worldwide prevalence of 248 million and 71 million respectively. Amongst the developing world, a hand full of countries are exhibiting a gross decline in chronic viral infection prevalence, like Bangladesh. While countries such as India have a consistent prevalence, Pakistan bears one of the largest proportions of chronic viral hepatitis globally with increasing trends shown year-by-year. Various old literature texts have stated an approximate national prevalence rate around 2.6% and 5.3% of hepatitis B and C respectively. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the current seroprevalence rates of chronic viral hepatitis amongst the general population of rural Sindh using a screening program to determine the current disease burden. METHODS An observational, cross-sectional survey based on a screening program was conducted in 5 districts with a combined population of over 6.5 million. The screening was carried out via the administration of various camps with the assistance of local social workers and welfare organizations. A total of 24,322 individuals met the inclusion criteria and were screened through (HBsAg/HCV) rapid test cassette (WC) Imu-Med one-step diagnostic test. RESULTS Hepatitis B was found positive in 964 (3.96%) individuals including 421 (43.67%) males and 543 (56.32%) females, while hepatitis C was positive in 2872 (11.80%) individuals including 1474 (51.32%) males and 1398 (48.67%) females. The prevalence amongst the districts varied between 0.97% and 9.06% for hepatitis B, and 1.61% and 29.50% for hepatitis C, respectively. Umerkot was found to be the most prevalent district amongst rural Sindh, while Badin had the least number of seropositive people. The second most prevalent district of the study population was found to be Tando Allahyar followed by Mirpur Khas. The combined seroprevalence of 15.76% was calculated for hepatitis B and C together amongst the five studied districts of rural and peri-urban Sindh. CONCLUSION The alarmingly high prevalence rates revealed in our study warrant the urgent need to generate multiple effective strategies in the region to enhance awareness amongst the general population regarding screening, prevention, and prompt treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uzma Rasheed
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maira Hassan
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Akram
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabail Yaseen
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Basmah Fayaz
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Vasmehjani AA, Yaghubi S, Erfani Y, Hajikhezri Z, Farahmand M, Shayestehpour M, Adeli OA, Beiranvand M. Trend in Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Blood Donor Individuals: An Eleven-year of Experience in Lorestan, Iran. Int J Prev Med 2021; 11:178. [PMID: 33456734 PMCID: PMC7804870 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_260_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus is one of the transfusion transmissible infections. Despite the availability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and screening tests but still danger of virus transmission via blood transfusion is high in some regions. The objective of this study was to determine the trend of seroprevalence of hepatitis B in over an 11-year period (2005–2015). Methods: In this study, 355,083 blood donors were estimated for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) seropositivity during 2005–2015 who referred to blood infusion centers of Lorestan province. Third-generation ELISA method was used to detect HBs Ag. Results: The prevalence of HBs Ag in blood donors was 0.29% (1017). It was decreased steadily from 2005 to 2015 (0.68% to 0.12%) but increased in 2008 year. The trend prevalence of HBs Ag seropositivity significantly decreased over the study period (P < 0.001). The decline in HBV infection rates was more prominent in regular and repeated donor's groups compared to people who donated blood for the first time (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The result of present study was indicated, Lorestan city in west of Iran can be classified as a low-income region because the low prevalence of HBs Ag in blood donors. Also the prevalence of HBs Ag in first-time donors was higher than other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Yaghubi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Yousef Erfani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Teshran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zamaneh Hajikhezri
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shayestehpour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Ali Adeli
- Department of Public Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Beiranvand
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Khoramabad, Iran
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15
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Gençdal G, Yurdaydin C. Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus in the Middle East. LIVER CANCER IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2021:91-99. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78737-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
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16
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Kpossou AR, Paraiso MN, Sokpon CN, Alassan KS, Vignon RK, Keke RK, Bigot C, Domonhédo C, Sossa Gbédo E, Séhonou J, Kodjoh N, Lawin H. [Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B and its associated factors determined based on data from a screening campaign targeting the general population in Benin]. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:247. [PMID: 33552365 PMCID: PMC7847212 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.247.26070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION hepatitis B is a global public health problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its associated factors based on data from a mass screening in several localities across Benin. METHOD we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study with prospective data collection. Data collection was carried out during voluntary free hepatitis B screening organized by the Rotary Club in 23 localities across Benin from the 20th to 28th July 2019. Rapid test for diagnostic orientation was used for the detection of HBs antigen. RESULTS a total of 9035 volunteers were included in the study. They were mostly of Benin origin (99%), with a mean age of 27 years; 51.1% of them were singles, mainly schoolchildren, pupils or students (37.9%). HBV seroprevalence was 6% (545/9035) [95%CI=5.5%-6.5%]. In univariate analysis, factors associated with HBs Ag colonization were: age, sex, marital status, education level, occupation and a history of diabetes, scarification and hepatitis C, while in multivariate analysis they were: sex, age and education level. CONCLUSION HBV seroprevalence is 6% in the study population. HBV infection mainly affects male subjects over 17 years of age with secondary-level education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboudou Raïmi Kpossou
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
- Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga de Cotonou, Cotonou, Bénin
| | | | | | - Khadidjatou Saké Alassan
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental Borgou-Alibori, Parakou, Bénin
| | - Rodolph Koffi Vignon
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
- Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga de Cotonou, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - René Kpemahouton Keke
- Laboratoire National de Référence du Programme Santé de Lutte contre le Sida, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Cédric Bigot
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | | | | | - Jean Séhonou
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
- Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga de Cotonou, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Nicolas Kodjoh
- Programme National de Lutte contre les Hépatites (PNLH), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Hervé Lawin
- Unité d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Santé au Travail et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
- Chaire EcoSanté, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
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17
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Zelber-Sagi S, Zur R, Thurm T, Goldstein A, Ben-Assuli O, Chodick G, Shibolet O. Low serum vitamin D is independently associated with unexplained elevated ALT only among non-obese men in the general population. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:578-584. [PMID: 31103458 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES There are inconsistent findings on the association between human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and vitamin D, perhaps due to insufficient specificity for gender and obesity status. We aimed to assess whether serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with unexplained elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in general population across gender and body mass index (BMI) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort with a nationwide-distribution using electronic medical database. The population consisted of individuals aged 20-60 years who underwent blood tests for ALT and vitamin D. RESULTS A total of 82,553 subjects were included (32.5% men, mean age 43.91±10.15 years). The prevalence of elevated ALT was higher among men and women with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, but in multivariate analysis, adjusting for: age, BMI, serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, statin use and season, only the association among men remained significant for the vitamin D deficiency category (OR=1.16, 95%CI 1.04-1.29, P=0.010). Stratification by BMI revealed that only among normal weight and overweight men vitamin D deficiency was associated with elevated ALT (OR=1.27, 95%CI 1.01-1.59, P=0.041 and OR=1.27, 95%CI 1.08-1.50, P=0.003, respectively). No independent association was shown among women at all BMI categories. CONCLUSIONS In a "real-life" general population, the association between vitamin D deficiency and unexplained elevated ALT is specific for non-obese men. The clinical significance of vitamin D for human NAFLD should be further elucidated with attention for a modifying effect of gender and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Zelber-Sagi
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Israel; The Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel.
| | - Reut Zur
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Thurm
- The Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel
| | - Alex Goldstein
- Medical Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofir Ben-Assuli
- Faculty of Business Administration, Ono Academic College, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- Medical Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Shibolet
- The Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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18
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Rashti R, Sharafi H, Alavian SM, Moradi Y, Mohamadi Bolbanabad A, Moradi G. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Global Prevalence of HBsAg and HIV and HCV Antibodies among People Who Inject Drugs and Female Sex Workers. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060432. [PMID: 32486342 PMCID: PMC7350380 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and their co-infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) and female sex workers (FSWs). Data sources were searched from January 2008 to October 2018 in different databases. Data were analyzed in Stata 16 software using the Metaprop command. The results showed that the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV among PWID was 15%, 60% and 6%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV among FSWs was 5%, 1% and 3%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV/HCV, HIV/HBV, HCV/HBV and HIV/HCV/HBV co-infections among PWID was 13%, 2%, 3% and 2%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV co-infections among FSWs was 3% and 1%, respectively. The results show that the prevalence of HCV and HIV infections in PWID and the prevalence of HIV in FSWs is higher than their prevalence in the general population. Interventions for the prevention of HIV and HCV in PWID appear to be poor, and may not be sufficient to effectively prevent HIV and HCV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Rashti
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 6617713446, Iran; (R.R.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Heidar Sharafi
- Middle East Liver Diseases Center, Tehran 1598976513, Iran;
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Middle East Liver Disease Center, Tehran 1598976513, Iran;
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
| | - Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 6617713446, Iran; (R.R.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Ghobad Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 6617713446, Iran; (R.R.); (A.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Drazilova S, Kristian P, Janicko M, Halanova M, Safcak D, Dorcakova PD, Marekova M, Pella D, Madarasova-Geckova A, Jarcuska P. What is the Role of the Horizontal Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Young Adult and Middle-Aged Roma Population Living in the Settlements in East Slovakia? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093293. [PMID: 32397342 PMCID: PMC7246499 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of our work is to objectify the manner of transmission of HBV infection in young adult and middle-aged Roma people who live in the settlements. Methods: We used data from the cross-sectional study HepaMeta. We analyzed Roma people living in the settlements in East Slovakia, who have had HBsAg and anti HBc IgG antibodies examined. Results: We analyzed a cohort of 452 Roma participants with a mean of age 34.67 ± 9.14 years—159 (35.2%) were males. HBsAg positivity was diagnosed in 12.4% and the presence of anti HBc IgG antibodies was confirmed in 52% of participants. Prevalence of HBsAg positivity increases significantly with higher age, (p = 0.026), as well as the presence of anti HBc IgG antibodies (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of HBsAg positivity has doubled and anti HBc IgG positivity has tripled within two decades (<25 years vs. 35–45 years) in Roma settlements in East Slovakia. Conclusions: These findings allow us to express an opinion that horizontal transmission in adulthood may play an important role in the spreading of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Drazilova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Poprad and Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, 058 01 Poprad, Slovakia;
| | - Pavol Kristian
- Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin Janicko
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.J.); (P.J.)
| | - Monika Halanova
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Dominik Safcak
- East Slovakia Oncology Institute and Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Patricia Denisa Dorcakova
- Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Maria Marekova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Daniel Pella
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, East Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Andrea Madarasova-Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Jarcuska
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.J.); (P.J.)
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20
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Ahmed AMA, Temerk HA, Galal HR, Bazeed SES, Sultan S. The seropervelance of infectious hepatitis viruses (HBV, HCV and HEV) among blood donors and their correlation to risk factors in Qena governorate, Upper Egypt. Virusdisease 2020; 31:292-298. [PMID: 32904769 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-020-00589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among blood donors and the occurrence of HEV in hepatitis viruses seropositive blood donors. Also, to investigate the correlation between the occurrence of hepatitis viruses and other risk factors (gender, age, occupation, educational level, residency and donors' types). A total of 11,604 blood samples from apparently healthy blood donors of age range 18-60 years old were collected. The blood donors were categorized as voluntary and replacement donors. Blood samples from donors were tested for the presence of HBsAg, HCV and HEV antibodies by using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The overall results indicated that 671 out of 11,604 blood donors; 370 persons (3.188%) HCV, 295 persons (2.542%) HBV and 6 persons (0.052%) HCV and HBV; were hepatitis viruses seropositive donors. The prevalence of HEV were 193 (28.76%) among these seropositive blood donors. There is a highly significant correlation among HCV, HBV and other risk factors. Also, the HEV showed high significant with age and educational level and significant with donor types and locations. All investigated virus combinations (HEV/HCV, HEV/HBV and HEV/HCV/HBV) were highly significant with the risk factors except for occupation. In conclusion, the HEV is significantly correlated to HCV and HBV seropositive donors and should be screened among blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Masoud Abdelbaky Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt.,National Blood Bank Services, Qena, Egypt.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | | | - Hamdi Ramdan Galal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Shamardan Ezzeldin S Bazeed
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Serageldeen Sultan
- Department of Microbiology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
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21
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Al-Essa M, Alyahya A, Al Mulhim A, Alyousof A, Al-Mulhim M, Essa A. Perception of and Attitude towards Hepatitis B Infection among Saudi Pregnant Females Attending Antenatal Care Unit in Al-Ahsa City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2020; 12:e6673. [PMID: 31976187 PMCID: PMC6968831 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant females in Al-Ahsa city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) toward hepatitis B virus infection. Methods A cross-sectional study was done at the Maternity and Children's Hospital, Al-Ahsa. A total of 422 of every third pregnant women were recruited from 6/12/2019 to 20/12/2019. Self-administered questionnaire was provided that contained three aspects: sociodemographic, perception and source of information about hepatitis B, and attitude toward hepatitis B infection. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 422 pregnant women participated in this study with a response rate of 93.7%. Among them, 44.79% had a university degree or higher education level, about 82% had information about hepatitis B virus (HBV) during their pregnancy, 0.9% knew a person with HBV, 48.1% knew that hepatitis B is caused by virus, 72% knew that hepatitis B has vaccine, 41.9% knew that hepatitis B spreads via mother, 79.6% were willing to do hepatitis B test during pregnancy, 80.1% were willing to allow for kids' vaccination against HBV, and 83.4% were willing to allow their kids for hepatitis B testing. There was a significant relationship between the level of education and the knowledge score. And there was a significant relationship between the level of education and attitudes score. Conclusion There is insufficient knowledge among pregnant women regarding hepatitis B infection, while pregnant women showed remarkably positive attitudes regarding therapy and immunization. So, we highly recommend for awareness campaigns about viral hepatitis regarding means of transmission, and possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshal Al-Essa
- Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Abdulwahab Alyahya
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Abdulatif Al Mulhim
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Abdulaziz Alyousof
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Mohammad Al-Mulhim
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Abdallah Essa
- Gastroenterology - Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
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22
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Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in the Kingdom of Bahrain: Prevalence, Gender Distribution and Impact on Hepatic Biomarkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100622. [PMID: 31547539 PMCID: PMC6843804 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Approximately 400 million people are infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) around the world, which makes it one of the world’s major infectious diseases. The prevalence of HBV genotypes and predictive factors for risk are poorly known in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of HBV genotypes, its correlation with demographic factor sand impacts on hepatic biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from 82 HBV positive patients (48 males, 34 females). The extraction of HBV DNA, PCR amplification, and genotyping were done to classify different genotypes (A, A/D, B, B/D, C, D, D/E, E). HBV genotypes association with gender, nationality, mode of transmission, and liver cirrhosis complication was determined by descriptive statistic and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). For liver function test, unpaired t-test and ANOVA were performed. Results: The predominant genotype among patients under study was genotype D (61%), followed by genotype A (10%), and lowest frequency was found for undetermined genotype (1%). In general, there was no significant association between the different genotypes and some demographical factors, serological investigations, and liver function test. The prevalence of HBV genotypes was higher in male patients as compared to female patients and higher in non-Bahraini than in Bahraini. Patients with the dominant genotype D showed higher than the normal maximum range for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean = 45.89) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (mean = 63.36). Conclusions: The most common HBV genotype in Bahrain was genotype D, followed by genotype A. Further studies involving the sources of transmission and impact of hepatic biomarker in Bahrain are required to enhance the control measures of HBV infections.
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23
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Wang H, Men P, Xiao Y, Gao P, Lv M, Yuan Q, Chen W, Bai S, Wu J. Hepatitis B infection in the general population of China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:811. [PMID: 31533643 PMCID: PMC6751646 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in China. Over a decade has passed since the last National Hepatitis Seroepidemiological Survey was conducted in 2006. The lack of updated data on hepatitis B in China makes assessing the current prevalence and burden of the disease inadequate. In response to the above situation, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a better understanding of hepatitis B epidemiology in the general population of China. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in international databases (Medline through PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science) and national databases (CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data) to retrieve primary studies published between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Quality assessment, heterogeneity testing and publication bias assessment were also performed. RESULTS Of the 27 studies included in the meta-analysis, the pooled estimated prevalence of HBV infection in the general population of China from 2013 to 2017 was 6.89% (95% CI:5.84-7.95%), which could be extrapolated to an estimated population of 84 million living with HBsAg in 2018. The prevalence of HBV infection in males was higher than that in females (5.88% vs 5.05%), and rural areas had a higher prevalence than urban areas (5.86% vs 3.29%). The highest prevalence of HBV infection was reported in Western provinces (8.92, 95% CI: 7.19-10.64%). In adults older than 20 years, the prevalence of HBV infection was approximately 7%, which was higher than that in children. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HBV infection in the general population of China was classified as higher intermediate prevalence (5-7.99%), of which more than 90% of the HBV infection population included adults older than 20 years. The blocking of mother-to-infant hepatitis B transmission and plans involving timely birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 24 h should be implemented. Additionally, improving the quality of life and survival rate of the infected population through antiviral therapy and high-risk adult vaccination will be the priority of our future work. Moreover, various control measures should be implemented in different provinces across China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Wang
- Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, No.16, HePingLi Middle Street, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Peixuan Men
- China Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, CAMS&PUMC, No. 69 Dongdan North Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- China Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, CAMS&PUMC, No. 69 Dongdan North Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Pei Gao
- Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, No.16, HePingLi Middle Street, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Min Lv
- Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, No.16, HePingLi Middle Street, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Qianli Yuan
- Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, No.16, HePingLi Middle Street, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, No.16, HePingLi Middle Street, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, No.16, HePingLi Middle Street, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, No.16, HePingLi Middle Street, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100013, China.
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Al Awaidy ST, Ezzikouri S. Moving towards hepatitis B elimination in Gulf Health Council states: From commitment to action. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:221-227. [PMID: 31445879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2016, the World Health Assembly adopted the hepatitis B (HB) elimination strategy that aims at ending HB by 2030. In this descriptive review we provide the progress made and challenges to achieving hepatitis B elimination by 2030 in Gulf Health Cooperated (GHC) states. METHODS Data record from relevant online databases and reliable resources were reviewed until the end of 2017. The analysis was based on the core indicators of the WHO monitoring and evaluation framework for viral hepatitis B and the targets of the global health sector strategy by 2016‒2021. RESULTS The states introduced HB vaccination, including birth-dose for those under 5 years old, with global coverage of more than 95%, in order to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV. The prevalence of HB antigens declined in children under age 5 to less than 1%. However, the rate of vaccination among the most-at-risk populations remains suboptimal. All states have implemented safe blood transfusions and injection safety policies as well as universal laboratory-based surveillance for acute HB. However, surveillance for chronic HB and sequelae as well as estimation methods of morbidity and mortality to evaluate impact are not established. Similarly, harm reduction for people who inject drugs and testing and treatment policies and protocols for people with chronic HB are suboptimal. CONCLUSIONS Additional steps are required to strengthen immunisation among the most-at-risk populations, maintain high quality surveillance, use antiviral therapy to treat chronic HBV and stop unsafe injection practices for drug users. Establishing country-specific national hepatitis responses based on country priorities as well as the capacity of the home health sectors to address these needs are paramount. Achieving elimination targets will require a radical alteration in the current hepatitis response and this goal should be elevated to a higher priority in the public health arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah T Al Awaidy
- Office of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 393, PC 100, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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25
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Babanejad M, Izadi N, Alavian SM. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Prevalence of HBsAg in Health Care Workers from Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:144. [PMID: 31516685 PMCID: PMC6716224 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_111_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBsAg in Health Care Workers (HCWs) in Eastern Mediterranean Region Office (EMRO) and Middle Eastern countries from 2000 to 2016. METHODS In a meta-analysis study, the databases of PubMed, ISI, Ovid, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Persian databases were searched for relevant articles on the prevalence of HBsAg in HCWs in EMRO and Middle Eastern countries. Homogeneity was assessed based on Cochran's Q-test results. RESULTS A total of 43 articles (110,179 people) were included. The pooled prevalence of HBsAg in HCWs of EMRO and Middle East countries was found 2.77% (95%CI: 2.64-2.83). The specific prevalence of HBsAg was 2.84% (95% CI: 2.6-3.11) in EMRO and 2.22% (95%CI: 2.13-2.31) in Middle Eastern countries. The highest and lowest prevalence rates of HBsAg among HCWs for countries with more than one study were 6.85% (95% CI: 5.74%-8.16%) in Sudan and 1.00% (95% CI: 0.94%-1.07%) in Turkey, respectively. The trends of HBsAg prevalence among HCWs decreased from 2000 to 2016. CONCLUSIONS Based on the World Health Organization classification of HBV prevalence, intermediate HBsAg prevalence rates were detected in HCWs of EMRO and Middle East countries during 2000-2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Babanejad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed M. Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Bahardoust M, Mokhtare M, Sarveazad A, Karimi S, Talebi A, Chaharmahali A, Agah S. Epidemiology and Estimating the Risk Factors for the Transfer of Hepatitis B Virus Using Multivariate Analysis Model: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ijer.2019.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the important public health diseases in Iran. Therefore, to control the prevalence of the disease, knowledge is required regarding the risk factor of HBV. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of HB transmission. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on the possible risk factors of HBV transmission. To this end, a total of 171 patients with HBV infection and 171 controls from Rasoul-eAkram hospital were investigated during 2015-2018. All subjects were directly evaluated using a faceto-face questionnaire about demographic aspects. Finally, HBV infection and its risk factors among the subjects were detected using hepatitis B surface antigen test. Results: Overall, 171 HBV patients including 77 (42%) males and 93 (58%) females were evaluated. The mean age of the participants was 40 ± 13 years. Univariate logistic analysis showed that HBV infection in these cases was associated with addiction injection (odds ratio [OR] = 4.08, CI:1.3- 9.57), family history (OR = 4.52, CI: 1.27-10.7), and having a history of blood transfusion (OR = 3.16, CI: 1.52-5.37). There were no significant relationships between the liver function tests, alcohol consumption, the history of dental visits, and HBV participants. In addition, the logistic-regression model proved that patients with a history of HBV-infected parents (At least one of them) and addiction injection were severely subject to HB infection. In other words, there was a significant association between a history of HBV-infected parents and addiction injection and HB infection. Conclusion: In general, HBV infection was strongly related to having a family member infected with hepatitis B, suffering from addiction injection, and having blood injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Bahardoust
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mokhtare
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Sarveazad
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahdieh Karimi
- Internal Medicine Department, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Chaharmahali
- Internal Medicine Department, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Al Romaihi HE, Ganesan N, Farag EA, Smatti MK, Nasrallah GK, Himatt SM, Derbala MF, Alshamali M, Mahadoon LK, Khogali HS, Sallam M, Al Thani AA, Al Thani M, Al Kaabi S, Yassine HM. Demographics and Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in the State of Qatar: A Five-Year Surveillance-Based Incidence Study. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020068. [PMID: 31117254 PMCID: PMC6630982 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Expatriates represent >80% of Qatar’s population, mostly arriving from countries in Africa and Asia that are endemic with many diseases. This increases the risk for introducing new pathogens into the country and provides a platform for maintenance of endemic pathogen circulation. Here, we report on the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Qatar between 2010 and 2014. Methods: We performed a retrospective epidemiological data analysis using the data available at the surveillance system of the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) in Qatar. Data were collected from distinctive public and private incorporates around the nation. Reported cases of hepatitis B patients represent those who met the stringent case definition as per World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines and eventually reported to MOPH. Results: The annual incidence rates of hepatitis B cases were 30.0, 34.2, 30.5, 39.4, and 19.8 per 100,000 population in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. There was no specific trend or seasonality for the reported cases. The incidence rates were higher in females compared to males between 2010 and 2012, but similar in 2013 and 2014. The highest incidence rates were reported among individuals between 25 and 34 years of age. No cases were reported in children younger than five years in 2013 and 2014. Rates of hepatitis B cases declined dramatically in 2014, in both Qataris and non-Qataris, as compared to the previous years. Conclusion: Our results indicate a dramatic decline of hepatitis B cases in Qatar but mandate improved surveillance and vaccination efforts in expatriates in the nation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria K Smatti
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, QU Health, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | | | - Moutaz F Derbala
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | | | | | | | | | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, QU Health, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | | | - Saad Al Kaabi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, QU Health, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Yang Y, Wang Q, Li Q, Men K, He Z, Deng H, Ji W, Wei Y. Recent Advances in Therapeutic Genome Editing in China. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 29:136-145. [PMID: 29446996 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Editing of the genome to correct disease-causing mutations is a promising approach for the treatment of human diseases. Recent advances in the development of programmable nuclease-based genome editing tools have substantially improved the ability to make precise changes in the human genome. Genome editing technologies are already being used to correct genetic mutations in affected tissues and cells to treat diseases that are refractory to traditional gene therapies. Chinese scientists have made remarkable breakthroughs in the field of therapeutic genome editing, particularly with the first clinical trial involving the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-caspase 9 system that began in China. Herein, current progress toward developing programmable nuclease-based gene therapies is introduced, as well as future prospects and challenges in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
| | - Qingnan Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Men
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyao He
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- 3 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
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29
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Ababneh NA, Sallam M, Kaddomi D, Attili AM, Bsisu I, Khamees N, Khatib A, Mahafzah A. Patterns of hepatitis B virus S gene escape mutants and reverse transcriptase mutations among genotype D isolates in Jordan. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6583. [PMID: 30867996 PMCID: PMC6410685 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important infectious cause of morbidity and mortality in Jordan. HBV genotype D is the most prevalent in the country. Virus escape mutants in the HBV S region is an important public health problem halting preventive efforts. The aim of the current study was to investigate patterns of HBV escape and resistance mutations and to assess domestic transmission of the virus. Methods Patients infected with HBV were recruited at Jordan University Hospital (n = 56) and were diagnosed during (1984-2012). A total of 37 partial HBV S sequences were generated using Sanger's method. Mutation analysis was done using the HIV grade HBV drug resistance interpretation online tool and Geno2pheno (HBV) online tools. Domestic transmission of HBV was assessed using maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference with similar GenBank sequences. Results Genotyping revealed an exclusive presence of sub-genotype D1. Typical HBV escape mutants were identified in seven patients. These mutations included: L109R, Q129R, M133L, S143L and D144E with overall prevalence of 18.9% (95% CI [9.5-34.2]). Reverse transcriptase (RT) sequence analysis showed mutations in three patients with overall prevalence of 8.1% (95% CI [2.8-21.3]). RT mutations included: V173L, S202I, L180M, M204V and T184A. Transmission cluster analysis revealed a relatively high proportion of infections taking place as a result of domestic spread (29.7%). Conclusions Based on our findings, RT mutation analysis appears to be of high value before the initiation of therapy in patients with chronic HBV infection in Jordan. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a considerable proportion of local spread in the country which should be considered in the preventive infection control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidaa A Ababneh
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Doaa Kaddomi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Isam Bsisu
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nadia Khamees
- Gastroenterology and Liver Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amer Khatib
- Gastroenterology and Liver Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Azmi Mahafzah
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
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Barriers to the Prevention and Control of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in the Community of Southwestern China: A Qualitative Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020231. [PMID: 30650581 PMCID: PMC6352215 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective viral hepatitis is a big challenge in China. However, few studies have focused on mapping the difficulties from a broader view. This study aimed to identify the barriers to the prevention and control of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in communities from the perspectives of hepatitis patients, residents, and healthcare providers. A total of 26 participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected by in-depth face-to-face interviews from September 2015 to May 2016 in two communities from Chongqing and Chengdu, China. A thematic framework was applied to analyze the qualitative data from the interviews. The critical factors of barriers to hepatitis prevention and control in the districts included poor cognition of residents regarding hepatitis B and hepatitis C, severe stigma in society, inadequate health education, and the provision of unsatisfactory medical services. Strengthening health education and improving services for treating patients with hepatitis are suggested to make further progress. A substantial gap remains between the need and currently available services for hepatitis patients and residents. Delivering quality prevention and control health services, improving health education, and reducing stigma in society are recommended to improve the prevention and control program for hepatitis B and C in communities.
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Prevalence of Sero-Molecular Markers of Hepatitis C and B Viruses among Patients with β-Thalassemia Major in Northern West Bank, Palestine. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 2018:1039423. [PMID: 30254711 PMCID: PMC6145051 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1039423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background HCV and HBV present a great challenge in the management of β-thalassemia patients. Objective The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of both HBV and HCV in multitransfused-dependent β-thalassemia patients in northern West Bank, Palestine, using sero-molecular markers. Methods Serum sample from 139 multitransfused β-thalassemia patients were tested for HBV and HCV markers including HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, HBV-DNA, and anti-HCV and HCV-RNA. Demographic data and selected clinical parameters were collected by means of a questionnaire and from the patients' medical files. Results and Conclusion The mean (±SD) age of patients was 18.1 years (±10.6). The overall prevalence of the HCV was 10% (14/139), which is 50 times higher than the normal Palestinian population (0.2%). Of which, 3 were positive for anti-HCV alone, 7 positives for HCV-RNA alone, and 4 positives for both anti-HCV and PCR-RNA. On the other hand, low prevalence of HBV was detected at a level of 0.7% (1/139). Only one patient had HCV-HBV coinfection. Twenty-five patients (19%) were positive for anti-HBc, while 99 (71%) were immune with the anti-HBs level above 10 IU/mL. Anti-HBc was insignificantly high (P=0.07) in HCV-positive cases. In conclusion, the prevalence of HCV among β-thalassemia patients is considered high compared to normal population. Determination of HCV prevalence should be based on the detection of both HCV-RNA and anti-HCV. On the contrary, HBV showed a low prevalence. A follow-up schedule and administration of booster dose of HBV vaccine is strongly recommended for β-thalassemia patients whose anti-HBs level <10 IU/ml.
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Patoli BB, Patoli AA, Balani NK, Korejo AA. Molecular surveillance of HCV mono-infection and HCV-HBV co-infection in symptomatic population at Hyderabad, Pakistan. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:531-538. [PMID: 30602984 PMCID: PMC6307001 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pakistan is endemic to hepatitis B and C infections. Alarming rise in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been noticed in some areas of Sindh with an increasing risk for co-infection frequency in this region. OBJECTIVE To estimate the burden of HBV/HCV infection in Hyderabad Pakistan. METHODS ELISA and Nucleic acid Amplification test were performed to detect viruses. SPSS and online calculator were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS From a total of 108 seropositive hepatitis patients, 36.1% (n=39) were found HCV RNA-positive. Non-significant differences were observed in the frequencies of HCV infection for both genders [OR=0.735, CI (95%) 0.307-1.761, p<0.05]. The percentage of HBV DNA detection among 108 HCV-seropositive cases was 17.9% (n=19). However, HCV-HBV co-infection in HCV-RNA positive cases was determined in 48.7% (n=19) cases with non-significant difference in both genders [OR=1.51, CI (95%) = 0.38 - 5.96, p< 0.05]. Analysis suggested weakly positive correlation between HCV mono-infection and HCV-HBV co-infection and age (r =0.184, and r =0.1231), respectively. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates a high prevalence of HBV co-infection among active hepatitis C patients of Hyderabad.
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Ben Hadj M, Bouguerra H, Saffar F, Chelly S, Hechaichi A, Talmoudi K, Bahrini A, Chouki T, Hazgui O, Hannachi N, Letaief H, Bellali H, Bahri O, Ben-Alaya-Bouafif N. Observational study of vaccine effectiveness 20 years after the introduction of universal hepatitis B vaccination in Tunisia. Vaccine 2018; 36:5858-5864. [PMID: 30145100 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to estimate the national prevalence of hepatitis B infection in Tunisia using data from a nationwide survey, to compare results with those obtained in 1996 survey and to evaluate the impact of vaccination twenty years after its introduction. METHODS A National household-based cross sectional and serological survey was undertaken in 2015 from randomly selected districts using two-stage sampling. Data collection was performed using standardized and pretested questionnaires and collected blood samples were tested for markers of hepatitis B virus infection. RESULTS National point prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen was 1.7% (95% CI [1.6-1.9%]). The highest prevalence was found in the Center and South regions with respectively 2.3% (95% CI [2.0-2.7%]) and 2.2% (95% CI [1.8-2.8%]). Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 88.6% (95% CI [81.5-93.0%]) and was higher among population aged less than 20 years 96.1% (95% CI [70.1-99.5%]) than those aged more than 20 years 59.0% (95% CI [32.0-75.3%]). VE was 85.6% (95% CI [65.8-93.9%]) is hyper-endemic areas and 89.1% (95% CI [80.3-94.0%]) in meso-endemic and hypo-endemic areas. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen decreased compared to previous estimations and classify Tunisia as a low endemic country as result to the introduction of vaccination since 1995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Ben Hadj
- National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Hind Bouguerra
- National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Farah Saffar
- National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Chelly
- National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Hechaichi
- National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Talmoudi
- National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Asma Bahrini
- National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Takoua Chouki
- National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Hazgui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Farhat Hachad Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Naila Hannachi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Farhat Hachad Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Letaief
- National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hedia Bellali
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Bahri
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Aziza Othmana Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nissaf Ben-Alaya-Bouafif
- National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
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Epidemiological patterns and risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus in Pakistani population. ASIAN BIOMED 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/abm-2010-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus prevalence is increasing in Pakistani population. National level estimates regarding the prevalence are missing. People are unaware of the risk factors involved in HBV transmission. The objective of the study was to review the prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors associated with HBV transmission in Pakistani Population. Literature search was done by using keyword HBV prevalence, genotypes and risk factors from Pakistani population at Pubmed, PakMediNet and Google scholar. Six different studies showed that the percentage prevalence of HBV in general population was 4.61±0.73%, and 21 different studies showed the percentage prevalence of 2.33±0.46% in blood donors. High prevalence of 7.94±1.49% and 12.86±4.52% were observed in multi transfused and IDU populations. Six different studies showed that the major prevalent genotype was D. Awareness regarding various risk factors involved in-viral transmission was very low. Prevalence of HBV was very high in multitransfused populations due to non-implementations of international standards regarding blood transfusions. Barbers were unaware of the risk factors associated with their shops in viral transmission. Practices of unsterilized dental and surgical instruments and recycling of syringes were major factors in viral transmission. Massive awareness and vaccination programs are required to decrease the future burden of HBV from Pakistani population.
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Nodeh MM, Mosavat A, Valizadeh N, Zadeh AM, Boskabadi A, Mashkani B, Sima H, Rafatpanah H. Genotype characteristic and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus in northeast-Iran. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 59:148-154. [PMID: 29425854 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is considered as a worldwide health problem and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major health concerns which are annually responsible for more than one million deaths. HBV can be classified into at least eight genotypes, A-H and four major subtypes. Predominant HBV genotype in Mediterranean and Middle East countries is genotype D, but there is a few studies have been performed on the HBV genotype in Iran. The genotype characteristic and phylogenetic analyses were determined in chronic HBV patients in the northeast of Iran. First, seventy-eight patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled. Demographic features were reviewed and sera samples were collected. HBV genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and results were confirmed by sequencing. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was obtained using Geneious software. Sixty-two (79.48%) of patients were males (mean age: 36.82 years). Twelve out of 78 patients (15.4%) were hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)-reactive. There were no significant differences between the clinical and HBeAg-positive serological data and HBeAb positive individuals. RFLP DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that genotype D was the only genotype which observed in Mashhad, northeast of Iran. This is the first report of HBV genotyping in Mashhad. The results revealed that genotype D was the only genotype detected in this area which was consistence with previous studies in the Middle East, Mediterranean countries, southwest and center of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moeini Nodeh
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Valizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Boskabadi
- Neonatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Sima
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Among People Attending Medical Diagnostic Laboratories in Neyshabur, Northeast of Iran, During Years 2011 to 2015. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.61633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Osei E, Lokpo SY, Agboli E. Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B infection among blood donors in a secondary care hospital, Ghana (2014): a retrospective analysis. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:391. [PMID: 28797275 PMCID: PMC5553730 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of transfusion associated hepatitis B virus infection varies across different geographical populations. Establishing the sero-prevalence of the disease is important to informing the direction of preventive and control strategies. We sought to estimate the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among blood donors in Ho Municipal Hospital, Ghana. METHODS This was a retrospective study which involved reviewing of blood donation records for the year 2014 in Ho Municipal Hospital. The records were analysed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus among blood donors. Data analysis was done using STATA statistical package. RESULTS A total of 576 blood donors were screened in 2014, out of which 520 (90%) were males and the rest females. The overall sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus was 7.5% (95% CI 5.6-9.9%). The prevalence was highest (8.9%; 95% CI 5.6-14.0) among donors between 30 and 39 years old and among females (14.3%; 95% CI 7.4-25.7). Females were about 2.5 times more likely to be HBsAg positive compared with males (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the study region is of intermediate to high endemicity with hepatitis B infection. Generally, females are more likely to be HBsAg positive than males. Planning more extensive screening and vaccination campaigns and educational programmes would help reduce the transmission of the infection among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Osei
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Volta Region Ghana
| | - Sylvester Yao Lokpo
- Medical Laboratory Department, Municipal Hospital Laboratory Services, Ho Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Services, Ho, Volta Region Ghana
| | - Eric Agboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region Ghana
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Hassan MA, Kim WR, Li R, Smith CI, Fried MW, Sterling RK, Ghany MG, Wahed AS, Ganova-Raeva LM, Roberts LR, Lok ASF. Characteristics of US-Born Versus Foreign-Born Americans of African Descent With Chronic Hepatitis B. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:356-366. [PMID: 28525625 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is more common in African Americans than in white Americans. We compared the epidemiologic, clinical, and virological characteristics of US-born African Americans (USAAs) to those of foreign-born African Americans (FBAAs) with chronic hepatitis B. The adult cohort study of the Hepatitis B Research Network enrolls patients with HBV infection from 21 clinical sites in the United States and Canada. A total of 237 (15%) of the adult participants with chronic HBV infection that were enrolled from January 20, 2011, to October 2, 2013, were of African descent, including 57 USAAs and 180 FBAAs (76%). Compared with FBAAs, USAAs were older and more likely to have acquired HBV through sexual exposure, to be HBeAg-positive, to have higher HBV DNA levels, and to be infected with HBV genotype A2. FBAAs from West Africa were more likely to have elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (72% vs. 50%; P < 0.01) and higher HBV DNA levels (median, 3.2 log10 IU/mL vs. 2.8 log10 IU/mL; P = 0.03) compared with East African FBAAs. The predominant HBV genotype among West African FBAAs was E (67%), whereas genotypes A (78%) and D (16%) were common in East African FBAAs. Significant differences were found between USAAs and FBAAs, highlighting the need for tailored strategies for prevention and management of chronic HBV infection for African Americans.
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Alshayea AI, Eid GE, El-Hazmi MM, Alhetheel AF. Prevalence and characterization of occult hepatitis B infection among blood donors in central Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2017; 37:1114-9. [PMID: 27652363 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.10.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of occult hepatitis B viral infections (OBIs) among blood donors considering the clinical and epidemiological importance of identifying OBIs. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2011 and January 2012. Blood donors (n=8501) were screened for Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibodies (HBcAb). All HBsAg-negative and HBcAb-positive samples were tested further for hepatitis B surface antibodies (HBsAb), hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA, and HBV genotyping. RESULTS Of the 8501 serum samples tested, 56 (0.7%) were positive and 8445 (99.3%) were negative for HBsAg. Among the HBsAg-negative samples, 198 (2.3%) were positive for HBcAb and these patients were suspected to have OBIs. Among the HBcAb-positive samples, 119 (60.1%) were positive while 79 (39.9%) were negative for HBsAb. Analysis of HBV-DNA for the suspected OBIs showed that 17 out of 198 samples (8.6%) yielded positive results, and all of them were HBsAb-negative. The viral load was low (less than 20-186 IU/mL) in all OBIs. Hepatitis B virus genotyping showed that 15 out of 17 samples (88.2%) were genotype D, and the other 2 samples (11.8%) were genotype E. CONCLUSION The prevalence of OBIs among blood donors in Riyadh was 0.2%. Therefore, it is recommended that HBV molecular testing should be incorporated with serological assays for screening of blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej I Alshayea
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Mansha S, Imran M, Shah AMUH, Jamal M, Ahmed F, Atif M, Saleem M, Safi SZ, Fatima Z, Bilal Waqar A. Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected People Who Inject Drugs in Lahore, Pakistan. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:366-370. [PMID: 28346804 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the major cause of the global burden of hepatitis. One of the main routes of transmission for both viruses is through exposure to infected blood, which includes sharing blood-contaminated syringes and needles. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the immune system and results in acquired immune deficiency syndrome and opportunistic infections. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiology of HBV and HCV infections among HIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID). The study enrolled 100 PWID from different addiction centers of the city of Lahore in Pakistan. All subjects were HIV-infected males and were above 16 years of age. Screening of HBV and HCV infections was performed through immunochromatography tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The prevalence of HCV and HBV infections among the 100 HIV-infected PWID was 55% and 6%, respectively. HIV monoinfection was found in 37% of the subjects, while triple infection was detected in 2% of the subjects. Majority of the HIV-infected PWID were using heroin and Avil injections (65%). Half of the subjects had used injection drugs for 1-5 years, while 32% had used injection drugs for 6-10 years. HCV infection was more common than HBV infection among the enrolled subjects. Most of the PWID were practicing heroin and Avil injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mansha
- 1 Department of Pathology, Allama Iqbal Medical College , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amir Miraj Ul Hussain Shah
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- 3 Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University , Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Fayyaz Ahmed
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammmad Saleem
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- 4 Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zareen Fatima
- 5 Department of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging (DRSMI), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Bilal Waqar
- 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
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Jan NU, Ahmad B, Ali S, Adhikari A, Ali A, Jahan A, Ali A, Ali H. Steroidal Alkaloids as an Emerging Therapeutic Alternative for Investigation of Their Immunosuppressive and Hepatoprotective Potential. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:114. [PMID: 28377714 PMCID: PMC5359222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The compounds, sarcovagine-D, alkaloid-C, and holaphylline isolated from Sarcococca saligna were found to possess immunosuppressive activities. These compounds were characterized for in vitro inhibition on human T-cells proliferation and IL-2 production. The compounds showed significant immunosuppressive effect on IL-2 production as well as on phytohemagglutinin stimulated T-cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner. Of all the tested compounds holaphylline was found to be less toxic and safe. These compounds were then evaluated for their in vivo hepatoprotective potential against CCl4, in which alkaloid-C and holaphylline showed markedly reduced liver inflammation and biochemical parameter (ALT, AST, and ALP) of liver injury. The decrease in the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzyme (SOD) was significantly prevented by holaphylline, likewise gradually the levels of MDA and GSH were also normalized compared to silymarin. The CCl4 induced inflammation and necrosis around the central vein of liver was reduced by sarcovagine-D, alkaloid-C and holaphylline, to 8%, 4% to 1% respectively as assessed by histopathology, thus having better hepatoprotective effect compared to positive control. Steroidal alkaloids attenuated the inflammation of liver around the injured central vein region by down regulating the CCl4 induced activation of hepatic macrophages as well as their number respectively. Therefore, the in vitro and in vivo results suggest that steroidal alkaloids from S. saligna could be excellent immunosuppressive and hepatoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem U Jan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Safdar Ali
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Hussain Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Azra Jahan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Department of Vegetable Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, IslamabadPakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, KarachiPakistan
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Feleke BE. Low Coverage of Hepatitis B Vaccine and Determinants Among Health Professionals Working in Amhara Regional State Hospitals, Ethiopia. J Public Health Afr 2016; 7:553. [PMID: 28299157 PMCID: PMC5345402 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2016.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
More than two billion people have been infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), 360 million have chronic infection and 600,000 die each year from HBV-related liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma. Each year more than 66,000 health professionals are infected by hepatitis b virus and vaccination against hepatitis B saves the life's of these health professionals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B vaccine coverage in a resource limited settings. A cross sectional study design was conducted. The study was conducted on 1184 health professionals at Amhara national regional state, Ethiopia. Simple random sampling technique was used. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the prevalence while Binary logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of hepatitis B vaccine coverage. The coverage of hepatitis B vaccine was 4%. Vaccination were affected by work load (AOR=0.19, 95%CI= 0.08-0.46; P<0.01), negligence (AOR=0.04, 95%CI=0.01-0.11: P<0.01), universal precaution training (AOR=14.75, 95%CI=5.66-38.44: P<0.01), perception that they are not at risk of infection (AOR=0.34, 95%CI=0.15-0.79: P=0.01), unaffordable cost (AOR=0.12, 95%CI=0.05-0.28: P<0.01), awareness about the vaccine (AOR=4.55, 95%CI=1.53-13.49: P<0.01), peer pressure (AOR=3.8, 95%CI=1.34-10.74: P=0.01), knowledge about where to get the vaccine (AOR=5.13, 95%CI=1.87-14.11: P=0.02), unavailability of the vaccine (AOR=0.25, 95%CI=0.1-0.63: P=0.03), year of experience (AOR=7.27, 95%CI=2.23-23.72: P<0.01). Low hepatitis B vaccine coverage was observed. The ministry of health should avail the vaccine to all those health professionals, develop awareness on HBV and improve the affordability of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Elfu Feleke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Katoonizadeh A, Sharafkhah M, Ostovaneh MR, Norouzi A, Khoshbakht N, Mohamadkhani A, Eslami L, Gharravi A, Shayanrad A, Khoshnia M, Esmaili S, George J, Poustchi H, Malekzadeh R. Immune responses to hepatitis B immunization 10-18 years after primary vaccination: a population-based cohort study. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:805-11. [PMID: 27126365 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the immune response to neonatal HBV immunization in children of infected parents 10-18 years after primary vaccination. Healthy individuals immunized with an infantile course of three doses of HBV vaccine were tested for persistence of anti-HB surface antibody (HBsAb). Those with an HBsAb level of <10 IU/mL received a booster dose of the vaccine with subsequent doses to those without protective titres. HBsAb concentrations were determined 4 weeks after each dose of the booster vaccine. The data were analysed separately for three age groups: 10-11, 12-14 and 15-18 years old. A total of 541 healthy individuals were studied. The highest seroprotection rate of 48% was observed in the youngest vaccinees (10-11 years old). This declined to 26.5% in the oldest (15-18 years old) group (P = 0.008). The youngest vaccinees showed the highest rate of anamnestic immune responses (96%). However, 25% of oldest individuals failed to mount an anamnestic immune response in challenge with a booster dose of the vaccine (P = 0.005), suggesting waning immunity with increasing age. Age (OR: 0.80; P = 0.01) and prebooster HBsAb levels (OR: 0.37; P = 0.01) identified responders to first booster doses of the vaccine by logistic regression analysis. The majority of high-risk vaccinees showed anamnestic immune response 10-11 years after primary immunization. However, we found a significant proportion (25%) of older individuals with no anamnetic response, which suggests a waning of immune memory. Detailed long-term follow-up studies are necessary to determine the risk of natural infection among these individuals before a booster schedule can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Katoonizadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Sharafkhah
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M R Ostovaneh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - A Norouzi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - N Khoshbakht
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - A Mohamadkhani
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - L Eslami
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Gharravi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shayanrad
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Khoshnia
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Esmaili
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - J George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - H Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - R Malekzadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ali H, Kabir N, Shah MR, Muhammad A, Ali S, Mehmood S, Ali A, Ali A, Jahan A. Hepatoprotective activity of viscosine is mediated by attenuation of hepatic macrophages and iNOS expression in CCl 4-intoxicated rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1688-1698. [PMID: 30090468 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular mechanism(s) of the protective effects of a C-alkylated flavonoid, viscosine on an animal model of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Viscosine at 20, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 was orally administered in a dose dependent manner per day for 3 days before the CCl4 (1 : 1 v/v in olive oil, 1 ml kg-1) treatment and 2 days after the treatment. Hepatoprotection was assessed in terms of reduction in serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP) that occur after CCl4 injury, and by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The rise in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in CCl4-intoxicated rats was markedly suppressed by viscosine in a concentration dependent manner. The decrease in the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzyme, SOD, was significantly prevented by viscosine, likewise gradually the levels of MDA and GSH were also normalized compared to silymarin. Viscosine also reduced the CCl4-induced damaged area from 2% to 0% as assessed by histopathology and prevented the mixed inflammatory infiltrate. Viscosine attenuated the inflammation in the liver around the injured central vein region by downregulating the CCl4 induced activation of hepatic CD68+ macrophages, thereby reducing their number as well. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was more potentially suppressed by viscosine compared to the FDA approved positive control silymarin. The results of this study indicate that viscosine could be effective in protecting the liver from acute CCl4-induced injury. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of viscosine may be related to the free radical scavenging and attenuation of oxidative stress, as well as to the inhibition of inflammatory response in the liver. Here, we are proposing a novel mechanism of action of viscosine and suggesting that it may be a safe and better in vivo antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Park road , Chack Shehzad , Islamabad-44000 , Pakistan . ; ; ; Tel: +3329408516 ; Tel: +(03) 7967-4213.,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research , International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS) , University of Karachi , Karachi-75270 , Pakistan
| | - Nurul Kabir
- Institute of Biological Sciences , Faculty of Science , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- HEJ , Research Institute of Chemistry , International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS) , University of Karachi , Karachi-75270 , Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences , Mugla Sitki Kocman University , Kotekli-48121 , Mugla , Turkey.,HEJ , Research Institute of Chemistry , International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS) , University of Karachi , Karachi-75270 , Pakistan
| | - Safdar Ali
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nilore , 45650 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Shahab Mehmood
- Department of Biosciences , Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology , Karachi-75600 , Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry , Quaid-e-azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Laboratory of Germplasm and Molecular Genetics , Department of Vegetable Sciences , College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , PR-China
| | - Azra Jahan
- Department of Zoology , Hazara University , Mansehra , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
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45
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Abdela A, Woldu B, Haile K, Mathewos B, Deressa T. Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices toward prevention of hepatitis B virus infection among students of medicine and health sciences in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:410. [PMID: 27543117 PMCID: PMC4992214 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the health setting is a global public health problem. The risk of occupational exposure to HBV among health care workers is a major concern, especially among students in health professions. In Ethiopia, very little is known about the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of trainees in the health professions towards occupational risk of HBV. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the level of KAP of medicine and health Sciences students in Northwest Ethiopia towards occupational risk of HBV infection. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2015 to June 2015. A total of 246 students of health care professions were included into the study using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire and analysed by using SPSS version 20. Results Majority of the study participants, (>80 %) had an adequate knowledge on risk factors for HBV, its mode of transmissions, and preventions. Two hundred of 246 (83.3 %) participants had positive attitude towards following infection control guidelines, and 201 (81.7 %) respondents believe that all HCWs should take HBV vaccine. However, only 5 (2 %) students had completed the three doses schedule of HBV vaccination. Whereas, a significant number of students, 66 (26.8 %), had been exposed to blood/body fluid via needle stick injury at least once since they started their training in the health facility. Conclusions Our study found that trainees in health profession are at a very high risk of contracting HBV infection during their training owing to the low HBV vaccine uptake rate and high rate of accidental exposure to blood. Thus, we recommend that all students in the health profession should be vaccinated prior to their entry into professional practices. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2216-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdnur Abdela
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Woldu
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Haile
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Biniam Mathewos
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tekalign Deressa
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Ziaee M, Ebrahimzadeh A, Azarkar Z, Namaei MH, Saburi A, Fereidouni M, Bijari B, Karamian M, Sharifzadeh G. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B in an Adult Population: The First Report from Birjand, South Khorasan, Iran. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e36452. [PMID: 27822260 PMCID: PMC5090805 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.36452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important global health problem. Knowledge of the geographic distribution pattern of HBV infection can help to control the spread of the disease. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of HBV infections and risk factors for the disease for the first time in Birjand, Southeastern Iran. METHODS This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in 2013 - 2014 of 5235 HBV cases in Birjand, South Khorasan Iran. Subjects aged 15 - 70 y were selected using the cluster sampling method. Blood samples were taken and tested at a reference laboratory for the hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). Seropositive specimens were tested for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). RESULTS The mean age (± SD) was 39.07 (± 14.04) y, and 786 (15%) subjects were anti-HBc positive. The prevalence of HBsAg was 1.6% (n = 85). The prevalence of anti-HBc seropositivity was significantly higher in subjects with a lower level of education (P = 0.09), older subjects (P = 0.001), intravenous (IV) drug users (P<0.05), subjects with piercings (P < 0.001), and subjects with a positive history of familial HBV or HCV infection (P < 0.05). It was also significantly higher in those who drank alcohol (P = 0.09) or had a history of blood transfusions (P = 0.001), cupping (P = 0.004), hospital admission (P = 0.03), or endoscopy (P = 0.002). The rate of HBsAg positivity was significantly higher in subjects with a history of cupping (P=0.03), a positive history of familial HBV or HCV infection (P < 0.05), and older subjects (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Although the frequency of HBsAg seropositivity in the present study was close to that observed in the overall Iranian population, the seroprevalence of anti-HBc was higher, possibly due to the exposure of the elderly to more risk factors. The risk factors were similar. These included a history of blood transfusions, cupping, hospital admission, endoscopy, or familial HBV/HCV infection, in addition to piercings and drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Ziaee
- Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IR Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahimzadeh
- Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Azarkar
- Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IR Iran
| | | | - Amin Saburi
- Birjand Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IR Iran
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Fereidouni
- Asthma, Allergy and Immunology Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IR Iran
| | - Bita Bijari
- Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Karamian
- Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IR Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sharifzadeh
- Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Gholamreza Sharifzadeh, Department of Public Health, Hepatitis Research Cente, Faculty of Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5632433004, E-mail:
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47
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Yong Hao G, Da Xing F, Jin X, Xiu Hong F, Pu Mei D, Jun L, Ying Y, Yan Yang Z, Wan Shen G. The prevalence of hepatitis B infection in central China: An adult population-based serological survey of a large sample size. J Med Virol 2016; 89:450-457. [PMID: 27504586 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of serum HBsAg among adults in Henan province, China. A provincial serosurvey of people aged 18-74 years was conducted and individuals for analysis were selected using a multistage stratified random cluster sampling method. A 5-ml serum sample from each person was collected and the serum was tested for the presence of HBsAg, HBcAb, HBsAb, HBeAg, and HBeAb by ELISA. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with the prevalence of HBsAg. A total of 16,685 residents, aged 18-74 years who resided in 60 communities or villages in Henan, China were surveyed. Among the eligible study population, 642 HBsAg positive cases (3.7%) were found. The prevalence increased steadily from 3.1% among population aged 18-35 years old, to 5.1% among population aged 55-74 years. Accordingly, HBsAb declined steadily from 53.4% to 24.7%. Six hundred and forty-two positive HBsAg blood samples were screened for the HBeAg and HBeAb. HBeAg prevalence declined steadily from 27.7% among population age 18-35 years old to 6.8% among population age 55-74 years old. The single factor analysis was used for 16 possible risk factors and multivariate analysis showed that five risk factors were significantly related to HBV infection. HBV infection is a serious public health problem among adult population in Henan. Strengthening administrative regulations of medical practices, especially in rural areas, and providing health education propaganda to the public of HBV infection should be given more attention on public health policy. J. Med. Virol. 89:450-457, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yong Hao
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Da Xing
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Jin
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Xiu Hong
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Pu Mei
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Jun
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ye Ying
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yan Yang
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo Wan Shen
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
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48
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Candotti D, Diarra B, Bisseye C, Tao I, Pham Quang K, Sanou M, Laperche S, Sanogo R, Allain JP, Simpore J. Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus in blood donors from Burkina Faso: Prevalence of quasi-subgenotype A3, genotype E, and mixed infections. J Med Virol 2016; 88:2145-2156. [PMID: 27253483 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Burkina Faso is a highly endemic area for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) which remains a major challenge for blood safety with >13% of candidate blood donors being chronically infected. However, little is known about the molecular epidemiology of the viral strains currently circulating. In this study, 99 HBV strains from HBsAg positive candidate blood donors in Ougadougou were genetically characterized by sequencing the pre-S/S region of the viral genome. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a 25% prevalence of HBV quasi-subgenotype A3 (A3QS ) co-circulating with the confirmed dominant HBV genotype E (72%). HBV/A3QS sequences formed a sub-cluster closely related to West-African sequences previously characterized, and showed a low intra-group genetic diversity (0.75%) suggesting a relatively recent spreading of HBV/A3QS strains in Burkina Faso. Low genetic diversity of genotype E strains compared to A3QS was confirmed. Mixed infections with the two genotypes were identified in 3% of the donors tested and contributed to artifacts during PCR amplification of the viral genome leading to erroneous apparent intergenotype recombinant sequences. While the co-circulation of two HBV genotypes in a restricted area may favor the emergence of intergenotype recombinant variants, strictly controlled molecular experimental procedures should be used to accurately characterize HBV circulating recombinant forms. J. Med. Virol. 88:2145-2156, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Candotti
- INTS/National Institute of Blood Transfusion, Department of Blood-Transmitted Agents, National Reference Centre for Viral Hepatitis B&C and HIV in Transfusion, Paris, France. .,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Birama Diarra
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni, LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Cyrille Bisseye
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni, LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Sciences of Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Issoufou Tao
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni, LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kei Pham Quang
- INTS/National Institute of Blood Transfusion, Department of Blood-Transmitted Agents, National Reference Centre for Viral Hepatitis B&C and HIV in Transfusion, Paris, France
| | - Mahamoudou Sanou
- Unit of Formation in Health Sciences (UFR-SDS), University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Syria Laperche
- INTS/National Institute of Blood Transfusion, Department of Blood-Transmitted Agents, National Reference Centre for Viral Hepatitis B&C and HIV in Transfusion, Paris, France
| | - Rokia Sanogo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Engineering Sciences and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jean-Pierre Allain
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni, LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Malewezi B, Omer SB, Mwagomba B, Araru T. Protecting health workers from nosocomial Hepatitis B infections: A review of strategies and challenges for implementation of Hepatitis B vaccination among health workers in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2016; 6:229-241. [PMID: 27154428 PMCID: PMC7320470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sub-Saharan region has the highest Hepatitis B virus (HBV) rates, and health workers are at an increased risk of contracting nosocomial HBV infection. Vaccination of health workers plays a critical role in protecting them from sequelae of HBV; however, health-worker vaccination remains a challenge for many countries. This study was conducted to review practices/measures and challenges in the Sub-Saharan region relating to vaccination of health workers against HBV. We performed a literature review of articles addressing any aspect of HBV vaccination of health workers in the Sub-Saharan region sourced from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, including a case study of Malawi policies and strategies in training institutions and facilities. Our findings indicated that HBV awareness and vaccination were relatively high, but vaccination rates were lower, with 4.6–64.4% of those “ever vaccinated” completing the vaccination regimen. There was also great variation in the proportion of health workers exhibiting natural immunity from previous exposure (positive for anti-Hepatitis B core antibodies; 41–92%). Commonly cited reasons for non-uptake of vaccine included cost, lack of awareness of vaccine availability, and inadequate information concerning the vaccine. Countries in this region will require locally relevant data to develop cost-effective strategies that maximize the benefit to their health workers due to the great diversity of HBV epidemiology in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Malewezi
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Saad B Omer
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Trish Araru
- Ministry of Health, Capital City, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
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50
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Salehi-Vaziri M, Sadeghi F, Almasi Hashiani A, Gholami Fesharaki M, Alavian SM. Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the General Population of Iran: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e35577. [PMID: 27257428 PMCID: PMC4888501 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.35577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global public health problem, affecting more than 2 billion people worldwide. Accurate and updated data on HBV prevalence is important for further planning to control the infection. The aim of this study was to update the prevalence estimate of HBV infection in the general population of Iran. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review was done for data on the prevalence of HBV infection in the general Iranian population published between Jan. 1, 1990, and Jan. 1, 2016, in both international and national databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, and Magiran. All papers with clearly described time and location of the study, proper sampling strategies, and proper analysis methods were included in the present study. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Prevalence of HBV infection with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using Stata software, version 13. RESULTS The polled estimated prevalence of HBV infection in the general population of Iran was 2.2 % (95% CI: 1.9% - 2.6%). The highest prevalence of HBV infection (8.9%, 95% CI: 7.6% - 10.2%) was reported from Golestan province, and the lowest prevalence (0.7%, 95% CI: 0.4% - 1.1%) was seen in Kermanshah province. The prevalence of HBV infection was estimated at 3% (95% CI: 2.2% - 3.8%) for Iranian males and 1.7% (95% CI: 1.2% - 2.3%) for Iranian females. The prevalence of HBV infection in the general population of Iran was 2.9% (95% CI: 2.5% - 3.4%) before 2010 and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.9% - 1.7%) after 2010. CONCLUSIONS In total, Iran was classified within the low-intermediate HBV prevalence areas (2% - 4%), while according to recent data (after 2010), Iran was classified within the low HBV prevalence areas (< 2%), indicating that preventive measures conducted in Iran have been effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Amir Almasi Hashiani
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Seyed Moayed Alavian, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2188945186, E-mail:
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