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Andvik C, Jourdain E, Borgen A, Lyche JL, Karoliussen R, Haug T, Borgå K. Intercorrelations of Chlorinated Paraffins, Dechloranes, and Legacy Persistent Organic Pollutants in 10 Species of Marine Mammals from Norway, in Light of Dietary Niche. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:14797-14811. [PMID: 39120259 PMCID: PMC11339914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (CPs) (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) and dechloranes are chemicals of emerging concern; however, little is known of their bioaccumulative potential compared to legacy contaminants in marine mammals. Here, we analyzed SCCPs, MCCPs, LCCPs, 7 dechloranes, 4 emerging brominated flame retardants, and 64 legacy contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in the blubber of 46 individual marine mammals, representing 10 species, from Norway. Dietary niche was modeled based on stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon in the skin/muscle to assess the contaminant accumulation in relation to diet. SCCPs and dechlorane-602 were strongly positively correlated with legacy contaminants and highest in killer (Orcinus orca) and sperm (Physeter macrocephalus) whales (median SCCPs: 160 ng/g lw; 230 ng/g lw and median dechlorane-602: 3.8 ng/g lw; 2.0 ng/g lw, respectively). In contrast, MCCPs and LCCPs were only weakly correlated to recalcitrant legacy contaminants and were highest in common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata; median MCCPs: 480 ng/g lw and LCCPs: 240 ng/g lw). The total contaminant load in all species was dominated by PCBs and legacy chlorinated pesticides (63-98%), and MCCPs dominated the total CP load (42-68%, except 11% in the long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas). Surprisingly, we found no relation between contaminant concentrations and dietary niche, suggesting that other large species differences may be masking effects of diet such as lifespan or biotransformation and elimination capacities. CP and dechlorane concentrations were higher than in other marine mammals from the (sub)Arctic, and they were present in a killer whale neonate, indicating bioaccumulative properties and a potential for maternal transfer in these predominantly unregulated chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Andvik
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Pb 1066 Blindern, Oslo NO-0316, Norway
| | - Eve Jourdain
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Pb 1066 Blindern, Oslo NO-0316, Norway
- Norwegian
Orca Survey, Breivikveien 10, Andenes NO-8480, Norway
| | - Anders Borgen
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, NILU: The Climate
and Environmental Research Institute, Pb 100, Kjeller NO-2027, Norway
| | - Jan Ludvig Lyche
- Department
of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian
University of Life Sciences, Pb 5003, Ås NO-1432, Norway
| | | | - Tore Haug
- Institute
of Marine Research, Fram Centre, Pb 6606 Stakkevollan, Tromsø NO-9296, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Pb 1066 Blindern, Oslo NO-0316, Norway
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Luo D, Guo Y, Liu Z, Guo L, Wang H, Tang X, Xu Z, Wu Y, Sun X. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposure Induces Adverse Effects on the Population Dynamics of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9102-9112. [PMID: 38752859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cetaceans play a pivotal role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of ocean ecosystems. However, their populations are under global threat from environmental contaminants. Various high levels of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been detected in cetaceans from the South China Sea, such as the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), suggesting potential health risks, while the impacts of endocrine disruptors on the dolphin population remain unclear. This study aims to synthesize the population dynamics of the humpback dolphins in the PRE and their profiles of EDC contaminants from 2005 to 2019, investigating the potential role of EDCs in the population dynamics of humpback dolphins. Our comprehensive analysis indicates a sustained decline in the PRE humpback dolphin population, posing a significant risk of extinction. Variations in sex hormones induced by EDC exposure could potentially impact birth rates, further contributing to the population decline. Anthropogenic activities consistently emerge as the most significant stressor, ranking highest in importance. Conventional EDCs demonstrate more pronounced impacts on the population compared to emerging compounds. Among the conventional pollutants, DDTs take precedence, followed by zinc and chromium. The most impactful emerging EDCs are identified as alkylphenols. Notably, as the profile of EDCs changes, the significance of conventional pollutants may give way to emerging EDCs, presenting a continued challenge to the viability of the humpback dolphin population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Luo
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yongwei Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lang Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Hongri Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xikai Tang
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xian Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
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3
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Oliveira-Ferreira N, Manhães BMR, Santos-Neto E, Carvalho RR, Cunha HA, Azevedo AF, Bisi TL, Lailson-Brito J. Organohalogen compounds in a hotspot for chemical pollution: Assessment in free-ranging Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171912. [PMID: 38522545 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The assessment of chemical pollution in free-ranging living mammals is viable using remote biopsies and portrays a comprehensive scenario of environmental health. The Southwestern Atlantic Ocean holds incredible biodiversity, but it is under the constant and invisible threat of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) of anthropogenic origin, such as pesticides, brominated flame retardants, and industrial-use compounds (e.g., PCBs). Thus, this study aimed to assess the bioaccumulation of POPs (PCBs, DDTs, HCB, mirex and PBDEs) and natural organobromine compounds (MeO-BDEs) using gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in biopsy samples of Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis, n = 20) that inhabit and forage both inside and in adjacent areas to degraded (Guanabara Bay) and conserved (Ilha Grande Bay) coastal bays in the Southeastern Brazil. Among the studied compounds, PCBs were predominant in the contamination profile with median concentration of 97.0 μg.g-1 lipid weight (lw), followed by the sum of the p,p' isomers of DDT, DDD, and DDE of 11.0 μg.g-1 lw, the brominated flame retardants PBDEs of 1.6 μg.g-1 lw, and the other organochlorine pesticides mirex of 0.78 μg.g-1 lw, and HCB of 0.049 μg.g-1 lw. The MeO-BDEs were detected with a median concentration of 22.8 μg.g-1 lw. 85 % of the Atlantic spotted dolphins analyzed in this study presented PCB concentration that exceeded even the less conservative threshold limits for adverse health effects (41 μg.g-1 lw). This study shows that despite the conservation status of preserved bays, cetacean species foraging in these locations are still under increased threat. Hence chemical pollution demands local and global efforts to be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Oliveira-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Biofísica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara M R Manhães
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elitieri Santos-Neto
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ramos Carvalho
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Haydée Andrade Cunha
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Freitas Azevedo
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Lemos Bisi
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Biofísica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liu F, Xie Q, Sun X, Xie Y, Xie Z, Wu J, Wu Y, Zhang X. Organohalogen contaminants threaten the survival of indo-pacific humpback dolphin calves in their largest habitat. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133720. [PMID: 38335606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
As long-lived apex predators, marine mammal adults often accumulate alarmingly levels of environmental contaminants. Nevertheless, the accumulation and risks of these contaminants in the critical calf stage of marine mammals remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the exposure status and health risks of 74 organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin calves (Sousa chinensis) collected from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China, during 2005-2019. Our findings revealed moderate levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), medium-high levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and the highest levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative halogenated flame retardants (AHFRs) compared to those reported for cetaceans elsewhere. Traditional OHCs like DDTs, PCBs, and PBDEs did not exhibit significant decreasing trends in the dolphin calves despite global restrictions on these compounds, and AHFRs as emerging OHCs showed an increasing trend over the study period. Risk quotients of DDTs, HCHs, PBDEs, and PCBs in most of the dolphin samples were > 1, indicating that humpback dolphin calves may have suffered long-term threats from OHC exposure. The significant correlation observed between the traditional OHC levels and the stranding death number of the dolphin calves suggests these OHCs may impact the survival of this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xian Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yanqing Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhenhui Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
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5
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Noren DP, Johnson S, Boyd D, Ylitalo GM, Lundin J, McCormley M, Jensen ED. The dynamics of persistent organic pollutant (POP) transfer from female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to their calves during lactation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167888. [PMID: 37863220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are lipophilic compounds that can accumulate in high concentrations in the blubber of marine mammals, which are long-lived, top-level predators in their ecosystems. These compounds, which include DDTs, PCBs, PBDEs, HCHs, and CHLDs, impact mammalian health, including neurological effects, reduced immune system efficiency, and reproductive failure. POPs are transferred from females to their offspring during gestation and lactation, which have implications for the health of newborn marine mammals, particularly first-born offspring who receive higher concentrations. The dynamics of POP transfer during lactation have been studied in a few pinniped species, but there are no comparable studies on living cetaceans. Because life history strategies and behavior of lactating phocids differ from dolphins, a study on delphinid maternal transfer is warranted. To accomplish this, placenta and longitudinally collected blood and milk samples were taken concurrently from trained bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, mother/calf pairs to assess the dynamics of maternal contaminant transfer. Initial POP levels in placenta, blood serum, and milk varied by individual and were related to the age and reproductive history of the females. Regardless of initial POP levels, maternal serum and milk concentrations decreased while calf serum POP levels increased over time. Pollutant transfer varied by POP class and by congener. Contaminant transfer efficiency to calves was most apparent for 4- to 6‑chlorine PCBs, DDT isomers p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDD, and o,p'-DDE, trans-nonachlor, cis-nonachlor, heptachlor epoxide, nonachlor III, and oxychlordane. By the end of the lactation period, calf serum POP levels were considerably greater than those of their mothers, particularly for compounds with fewer chlorines. POP levels were most biomagnified in the calf born to the primiparous female. These results provide critical information on one component of contaminant transfer in the marine ecosystem and for understanding potential risks of POP exposure to developing odontocete calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn P Noren
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA.
| | - Shawn Johnson
- U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daryle Boyd
- Environmental Fisheries and Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Environmental Fisheries and Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica Lundin
- National Research Council, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Molly McCormley
- Lynker, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric D Jensen
- U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA, USA
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Romero MB, Polizzi PS, Chiodi L, Dolagaratz A, Gerpe M. Legacy and emerging contaminants in marine mammals from Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167561. [PMID: 37802361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine mammals are recognized sentinels of ecosystem health. They are susceptible to the accumulation and biomagnification of pollutants, which constitute one of the greatest threats to their survival. Legacy, such as organochlorine pesticides, and emerging contaminants, like microplastics and pharmaceuticals, may have effects on marine mammals' health at individual and population levels. Therefore, the evaluation of the risks associated with pollutants in this group is of great importance. The aim of this review is to provide information on the occurrence of legacy and emerging contaminants in marine mammals that inhabit Argentine waters. Also, to identify knowledge gaps and suggest best practices for future research. Reports of legacy contaminants referring to organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were found in five species of cetaceans and two of pinnipeds. With respect to emerging pollutants, the presence of plastics was only evaluated in three species. Reported data was from at least a decade ago. Therefore, it is necessary to update existing information and conduct continuous monitoring to assess temporary trends in pollutants. All the studies were carried out in the province of Buenos Aires and Northern Patagonia indicating a knowledge gap in the southern zone of the Argentine Sea. In addition, pollutants of global environmental concern that have not been studied in Argentina are discussed. Future studies should fill these gaps and a greater effort to understand the relationships between pollutants and their effects on marine mammals is suggested. This issue will make it possible to determine thresholds for all the substances and species evaluated in order to carry out more detailed risk assessments and make decisions for the conservation of marine mammals in Argentine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Romero
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, CC7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - P S Polizzi
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, CC7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - L Chiodi
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, CC7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - A Dolagaratz
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, CC7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - M Gerpe
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, CC7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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7
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Vidal LG, De Oliveira-Ferreira N, Torres JPM, Azevedo AF, Meirelles ACO, Flach L, Domit C, Fragoso ABL, Lima Silva FJ, Carvalho VL, Marcondes M, Barbosa LA, Cremer MJ, Malm O, Lailson-Brito J, Eljarrat E. Brominated flame retardants and natural organobrominated compounds in a vulnerable delphinid species along the Brazilian coast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167704. [PMID: 37820801 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis, are vulnerable to extinction along their distribution on the Brazilian coast and assessing chemical pollution is of utmost importance for their conservation. For this study, 51 carcasses of Guiana dolphins were sampled across the Brazilian coast to investigate legacy and emerging brominated flame retardants (BFRs) as well as the naturally-produced MeO-BDEs. PBDEs and MeO-BDEs were detected in all samples analyzed, whereas emerging BFRs were detected in 16 % of the samples, all in Rio de Janeiro state. PBDE concentrations varied between 2.24 and 799 ng.g-1 lipid weight (lw), emerging BFRs between 0.12 and 1.51 ng.g-1 lw and MeO-BDEs between 3.82 and 10,247 ng.g-1 lw. Concentrations of legacy and emerging BFRs and natural compounds varied considerably according to the sampling site and reflected both the local anthropogenic impact of the region and the diversity/mass of biosynthesizers. The PBDE concentrations are lower than what was found for delphinids in the Northern Hemisphere around the same sampling period and most sampling sites presented mean concentrations lower than the limits for endocrine disruption known to date for marine mammals of 460 ng.g-1 lw, except for sampled from Santa Catarina state, in Southern Brazil. Conversely, MeO-BDE concentrations are higher than those of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly close to the Abrolhos Bans and Royal Charlotte formation, that are hotspots for biodiversity. Despite the elevated concentrations reported for this group, there is not much information regarding the effects of such elevated concentrations for these marine mammals. The distinct patterns observed along the Brazilian coast show that organobrominated compounds can be used to identify the ecological segregation of delphinids and that conservation actions should be planned considering the local threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara G Vidal
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory Professora Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524/ 4002-E, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Radioisotope Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca (LREPF), Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil; Pós-graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nara De Oliveira-Ferreira
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory Professora Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524/ 4002-E, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Radioisotope Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca (LREPF), Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Azevedo
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory Professora Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524/ 4002-E, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina O Meirelles
- Marine Mammal Conservation Program, Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Graduate Program, Marine Sciences Institute, Ceará Federal University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Flach
- Instituto Boto Cinza, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro 23860-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Domit
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Bernadete L Fragoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais/Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca-Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN)/Projeto Golfinho Rotador, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Flávio J Lima Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais/Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca-Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN)/Projeto Golfinho Rotador, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Vítor Luz Carvalho
- Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (AQUASIS), Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Lupércio A Barbosa
- Environmental Awareness Organization (ORCA), Rua São Paulo, 23, Praia da Costa, Vila Velha, ES 29101-315, Brazil
| | - Marta J Cremer
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory for Marine and Coastal Tetrapods, University of Joinville Region (UNIVILLE), São Francisco do Sul, Rod. Duque de Caxias, 6365, Iperoba, São Francisco do Sul 89240-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radioisotope Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca (LREPF), Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory Professora Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524/ 4002-E, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
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8
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Williams RS, Brownlow A, Baillie A, Barber JL, Barnett J, Davison NJ, Deaville R, ten Doeschate M, Murphy S, Penrose R, Perkins M, Spiro S, Williams R, Jepson PD, Curnick DJ, Jobling S. Spatiotemporal Trends Spanning Three Decades Show Toxic Levels of Chemical Contaminants in Marine Mammals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20736-20749. [PMID: 38011905 PMCID: PMC10720377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite their ban and restriction under the 2001 Stockholm Convention, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are still widespread and pervasive in the environment. Releases of these toxic and bioaccumulative chemicals are ongoing, and their contribution to population declines of marine mammals is of global concern. To safeguard their survival, it is of paramount importance to understand the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Using one of the world's largest marine mammals strandings data sets, we combine published and unpublished data to examine pollutant concentrations in 11 species that stranded along the coast of Great Britain to quantify spatiotemporal trends over three decades and identify species and regions where pollutants pose the greatest threat. We find that although levels of pollutants have decreased overall, there is significant spatial and taxonomic heterogeneity such that pollutants remain a threat to biodiversity in several species and regions. Of individuals sampled within the most recent five years (2014-2018), 48% of individuals exhibited a concentration known to exceed toxic thresholds. Notably, pollutant concentrations are highest in long-lived, apex odontocetes (e.g., killer whales (Orcinus orca), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris)) and were significantly higher in animals that stranded on more industrialized coastlines. At the present concentrations, POPs are likely to be significantly impacting marine mammal health. We conclude that more effective international elimination and mitigation strategies are urgently needed to address this critical issue for the global ocean health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie S. Williams
- Institute
of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, 99-105 Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrew Brownlow
- School
of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical,
Veterinary & Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrew Baillie
- The
Natural
History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan L. Barber
- Centre
for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture
Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - James Barnett
- Environment
and Sustainability Institute, University
of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Falmouth, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Davison
- School
of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical,
Veterinary & Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Robert Deaville
- Institute
of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Mariel ten Doeschate
- School
of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical,
Veterinary & Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Sinéad Murphy
- Marine
and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, School
of Science and Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute
of Technology, Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Rod Penrose
- Marine
Environmental Monitoring, Penwalk, Llechryd, Cardigan, Ceredigion SA43 2PS, United
Kingdom
| | - Matthew Perkins
- Institute
of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Spiro
- Institute
of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Williams
- Cornwall
Wildlife Trust, Truro, Cornwall TR4 9DJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Jepson
- Institute
of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Curnick
- Institute
of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Jobling
- Department
of Life Sciences, Institute of Health, Medicine and Environments, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
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9
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Berger ML, Shaw SD, Rolsky CB, Chen D, Sun J, Rosing-Asvid A, Granquist SM, Simon M, Bäcklin BM, Roos AM. Alternative and legacy flame retardants in marine mammals from three northern ocean regions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122255. [PMID: 37517638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants are globally distributed contaminants that have been linked to negative health effects in humans and wildlife. As top predators, marine mammals bioaccumulate flame retardants and other contaminants in their tissues which is one of many human-imposed factors threatening population health. While some flame retardants, such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), have been banned because of known toxicity and environmental persistence, limited data exist on the presence and distribution of current-use alternative flame retardants in marine mammals from many industrialized and remote regions of the world. Therefore, this study measured 44 legacy and alternative flame retardants in nine marine mammal species from three ocean regions: the Northwest Atlantic, the Arctic, and the Baltic allowing for regional, species, age, body condition, temporal, and tissue comparisons to help understand global patterns. PBDE concentrations were 100-1000 times higher than the alternative brominated flame retardants (altBFRs) and Dechloranes. 2,2',4,5,5'-pentabromobiphenyl (BB-101) and hexabromobenzene (HBBZ) were the predominant altBFRs, while Dechlorane-602 was the predominant Dechlorane. This manuscript also reports only the second detection of hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO) in marine mammals. The NW Atlantic had the highest PBDE concentrations followed by the Baltic and Arctic which reflects greater historical use of PBDEs in North America compared to Europe and greater industrialization of North America and Baltic countries compared to the Arctic. Regional patterns for other compounds were more complicated, and there were significant interactions among species, regions, body condition and age class. Lipid-normalized PBDE concentrations in harbor seal liver and blubber were similar, but HBBZ and many Dechloranes had higher concentrations in liver, indicating factors other than lipid dynamics affect the distribution of these compounds. The health implications of contamination by this mixture of compounds are of concern and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Berger
- Shaw Institute, PO Box 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA.
| | - Susan D Shaw
- Shaw Institute, PO Box 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA
| | - Charles B Rolsky
- Shaw Institute, PO Box 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China; College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, CN-266003, Qingdao, China
| | - Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Sandra Magdalena Granquist
- Seal Research Department, The Icelandic Seal Center, Höfðabraut 6, 530 Hvammstangi, Iceland; Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Fornubúðir 5, 220 Hafnarfjörður, Iceland
| | - Malene Simon
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Britt-Marie Bäcklin
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Maria Roos
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland; Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Andvik C, Haug T, Lyche JL, Borgå K. Emerging and legacy contaminants in common minke whale from the Barents sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:121001. [PMID: 36610650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including brominated flame retardants (BFRs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and metals, can accumulate in marine mammals and be transferred to offspring. In this study, we analyzed 64 lipophilic POPs, including four emerging BFRs, in the blubber, liver and muscle of 17 adult common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) from the Barents Sea to investigate occurrence and tissue partitioning. In addition, the placental transfer concentration ratios of 14 PFAS and 17 metals were quantified in the muscle of nine female-fetus pairs to investigate placental transfer. Legacy lipophilic POPs were the dominating compound group in every tissue, and we observed generally lower levels compared to previous studies from 1992 to 2001. We detected the emerging BFRs hexabromobenzene (HBB) and pentabromotoluene (PBT), but in low levels compared to the legacy POPs. We detected nine PFAS, and levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were higher than detected from the same population in 2011, whilst levels of Hg were comparable to 2011. Levels of lipophilic contaminants were higher in blubber compared to muscle and liver on both a wet weight and lipid adjusted basis, but tissue partitioning of the emerging BFRs could not be determined due to the high number of samples below the limit of detection. The highest muscle ΣPFAS levels were quantified in fetuses (23 ± 8.7 ng/g ww), followed by adult males (7.2 ± 2.0 ng/gg ww) and adult females (4.5 ± 1.1 ng/g ww), showing substantial placental transfer from mother to fetus. In contrast, Hg levels in the fetus were lower than the mother. Levels were under thresholds for risk of health effects in the whales. This study is the first to report occurrence and placental transfer of emerging contaminants in common minke whales from the Barents Sea, contributing valuable new data on pollutant levels in Arctic wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Andvik
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Haug
- Institute of Marine Research, Fram Centre, PO Box 6606, Stakkevollan, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan L Lyche
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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López-Berenguer G, Acosta-Dacal A, Luzardo OP, Peñalver J, Martínez-López E. POPs concentrations in cetaceans stranded along the agricultural coastline of SE Spain show lower burdens of industrial pollutants in comparison to other Mediterranean cetaceans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159743. [PMID: 36461580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the Mediterranean Sea being one of the world's marine biodiversity hotspots, it is a hotspot of various environmental pollutants. This sea holds eight cetacean with resident populations whose numbers are considered to decline in the last decades and which are particularly susceptible to POPs bioaccumulation due to their peculiar characteristics. In this work, we studied blubber concentration of various OCPs and several PCBs and PBDEs congeners in cetaceans stranded in the northern coast of the Gulf of Vera (Region of Murcia, SE Spain) between 2011 and 2018. Most compounds and congeners were above the limit of detection in most samples, although some pesticides like endosulfan stereoisomers or endrin were never detected. DDT and its metabolites, PCBs and metoxychlor appear as the dominant compounds while PBDEs shows concentrations of lower magnitude. Striped dolphin was the species accounting for higher concentrations of most pollutants. There were differences in concentrations and profiles between species which could be partially explained by differences on diet and feeding behavior. We also observed differences based on life history parameters suggesting maternal transfer for most POPs, in accordance with other works. DDE/ ΣDDT ratio suggest no recent exposure to these pesticides. Despite showing lower concentrations than some previous works, PCB concentrations accounted for higher total TEQ than many studies. According to toxicity thresholds in the literature, we cannot guarantee the absence of health consequences on populations studied, especially for those caused by PCBs. These findings are of major importance considering the relevance of the study area in the conservation of Mediterranean cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Acosta-Dacal
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - O P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J Peñalver
- Area of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Spain; Fishing and Aquaculture Service (CARM), Murcia, Spain
| | - E Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Spain.
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12
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Xie Q, Yu R, Gui D, Wu Y. Long-Term Monitoring of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins ( Sousa chinensis) from the Pearl River Estuary Reveals High Risks for Calves due to Maternal Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:473-485. [PMID: 36576993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have documented the wide occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in cetaceans, little evidence exists regarding the detrimental effects of PBDE exposure on calf death rates for free-ranging cetaceans. This study analyzed life-history-associated PBDE bioaccumulation patterns in 128 stranding Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) samples over an 18-year timespan from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). In comparison to the records of PBDE levels in cetaceans worldwide, the median levels of PBDEs (median = 10600 ng g-1 lw, range = 721-50900 ng g-1 lw) in all samples were the highest to date. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that adult males (median = 16100 ng g-1 lw, range = 4070-50900 ng g-1 lw) and calves (12000 ng g-1 lw, range = 1250-35300 ng g-1 lw) both had the highest levels of PBDEs compared to the rest of the age/sex groups (p < 0.05). Concentrations of PBDEs in noncalves significantly decreased over the studied period, while those in calves had a slightly increasing trend, which may be due to different exposure routes via fish or milk, respectively. A significant and positive relationship was found between annual calf stranding death rates and body-length-adjusted PBDE concentrations in calves (r = 0.62, p < 0.05), suggesting that maternal exposure of calves to elevated levels of PBDEs may have contributed to the high annual stranding death rates of calves in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai519082, China
| | - Ronglan Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai519082, China
| | - Duan Gui
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai519082, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai519082, China
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13
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Soulen BK, Divine LM, Venables BJ, Roberts AP. Persistent organic pollutant exposure and associations with gene expression in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) from St. Paul Island, Alaska. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 182:105789. [PMID: 36332419 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are highly lipophilic compounds that accumulate at increased concentrations in high tropic level organisms like marine mammals. Marine mammals' reliance on blubber makes them susceptible to accumulating POPs at potentially toxic concentrations. In this study, we analyzed POP concentrations, (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and methoxylated-BDE (MeOBDE), in the blubber of 16 subsistence harvested sub-adult, male northern fur seals as well as assessed changes in mRNA gene expression of nine relevant biomarkers including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, thyroid receptor-α, and adiponectin. PBDE and MeOBDE concentrations were significantly lower than PCB and OCP concentrations. A negative relationship was observed between percent lipid in the blubber and contaminant concentrations, both individual and sum. Expression changes in eight biomarkers were correlated with individual and sum contaminant concentrations. This study shows that contaminant concentrations measured are correlated to changes in expression of genes from different physiological systems, metabolism and endocrine, that are important for the regulation of blubber metabolism. Northern fur seals are reliant on blubber as an energy source during times of low food intake. Potential contaminant induced changes in blubber metabolism pathways could have significant impacts on the health of individuals during critical periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K Soulen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
| | - Lauren M Divine
- Aleut Community of St. Paul Island Ecosystem Conservation Office, St. Paul, Pribilof Islands, Alaska, USA
| | - Barney J Venables
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
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14
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Sala B, Garcia-Garin O, Borrell A, Aguilar A, Víkingsson GA, Eljarrat E. Transplacental transfer of plasticizers and flame retardants in fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) from the North Atlantic Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120168. [PMID: 36115483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine mammals are one of the groups of animals most affected by marine pollution including that by organic compounds which, besides bearing recognised harmful effects to adults, they may also affect foetuses through placental transfer. In this study we analysed samples of fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) females and their foetuses collected in the western Iceland summer feeding grounds in 2018. Three different families of organic pollutants: organophosphate esters (OPEs); halogenated flame retardants (HFRs); and short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), were analysed and their placental transfer investigated. HFRs were detected in 87.5% of females and 100% of foetus samples with concentrations that ranged between nd-15.4 and 6.37-101 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively. OPEs were detected in all samples, both from females (85.8-567 ng/g lw) and foetuses (nq-1130 ng/g lw). SCCPs were detected in 87.5% of female samples and 100% of foetal samples with concentrations that ranged between nd-30.9 and nq-574 ng/g lw, respectively. For OPE compounds, a significant negative correlation was observed between the logarithm maternal transfer ratio and their log Kow, indicating that a high lipophilicity reduced placental transfer rate. Interestingly, the decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was the compound with the highest log Kow but also the one that was transferred the most from mothers to foetuses, calling for in-depth research on this pollutant. These results constitute the first evidence of mother-calf transfer of plasticizers and flame retardants in fin whales. Further investigations are needed to determine their potential effects on this species and other groups of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Sala
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Odei Garcia-Garin
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asunción Borrell
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Aguilar
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gísli A Víkingsson
- Marine and Freshwater Research Institute; Fornubúðum 5, 220 Hafnarfjörður, Iceland
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Muñoz-Arnanz J, Bartalini A, Alves L, Lemos MF, Novais SC, Jiménez B. Occurrence and distribution of persistent organic pollutants in the liver and muscle of Atlantic blue sharks: Relevance and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119750. [PMID: 35839970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Blue shark score among the most abundant, widely distributed and worldwide consumed elasmobranchs. In this work contents of PCBs, PCDD/Fs and PBDEs were studied by means of GC-HRMS in muscle and liver of sixty blue sharks from the North East Atlantic sampled in 2019. Concentrations relatively similar were found for PCBs and PCDD/Fs in comparison with those in Atlantic specimens from the same area sampled in 2015. In contrast, PBDE loads doubled, likely mirroring the increased environmental presence of these pollutants. This, together with the different congener profiles reported for the same species in other geographical areas, highlighted the blue shark's potential as bioindicator of the degree and fingerprints of regional pollution by POPs. Interesting dissimilarities between muscle and liver concentrations were detected, most likely ascribed to distinct toxicokinetics involved for the different pollutants. Whereas most POPs preferentially accumulated in liver, some did the opposite in muscle. BDE-209 was the most prominent example, being almost negligible its presence in liver (0.3%) while accounting for ca. 14% of the total PBDE content in muscle. Different findings in this regard described for other shark species call for focused research to ascertain the role of the species in this apparent favored metabolization of BDE-209 in the liver. From a consumption perspective, the concentrations found in muscle -the most relevant part in the human diet-for PCBs and dioxin-like POPs were below the EU maximum allowed levels in foodstuff. Conversely, in liver about 58% and 78% of samples overpassed the European levels for tolerable intake of i-PCBs and dioxin POPs, respectively. Concentrations of PBDEs exceeded EQS (0.0085 ng/g w.w.) established by the European Water Framework Directive in 100% and 92% of liver and muscle samples, respectively, which adds to the open debate of such as a reduce value for this current EQS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alice Bartalini
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alves
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marco Fl Lemos
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Kim JJ, Delisle K, Brown TM, Bishay F, Ross PS, Noël M. Characterization and Interpolation of Sediment Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Resident Killer Whale Habitat along the Coast of British Columbia, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2139-2151. [PMID: 35698926 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The northeastern Pacific northern and southern resident killer whale (Orcinus orca) populations are listed as threatened and endangered in Canada, respectively, with persistent, bioaccumulative contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), posing threats to their recovery. Concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in subtidal surface sediments collected from 97 sites along the British Columbia (BC) coast were used to identify their distribution and profiles, and to assess killer whale habitat quality. Victoria Harbour (VH3(site ID: 1) ) sediments exhibited the highest PCB and PBDE concentrations. For PCBs, PCB-138 was found at the highest concentration, followed by PCB-153, PCB-110, PCB-149, PCB-101, and PCB-118. For PBDEs, individual congeners were ranked as follows: BDE-209 > BDE-207 > BDE-206 > BDE-208 > BDE-47 > BDE-99. Principal component analyses (PCA) illustrated the variations in contaminant profiles, with PC1 for PCBs and PBDEs correlated with the octanol-water partition coefficient (log KOW , p < 0.003). Based on the PCA, sediment particle size, total organic carbon (TOC), and water depth at collection were other factors associated with the distribution of PBDEs, while PCB profiles were associated with TOC. Total PCB and PBDE concentrations at 100% and 34% of the sites, respectively, exceeded the recently adopted British Columbia's Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy Working Sediment Quality Guidelines (PCBs 3.7 pg/g dry wt and PBDEs 1000 pg/g dry wt), considered protective of killer whales. Our findings suggest that the legacy of banned PCBs and PBDEs has the potential to constrain the recovery of killer whales as a result of their mobilization from sediments and consequent uptake by marine food webs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2139-2151. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Kim
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelsey Delisle
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tanya M Brown
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Peter S Ross
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie Noël
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Bartalini A, Muñoz-Arnanz J, García-Álvarez N, Fernández A, Jiménez B. Global PBDE contamination in cetaceans. A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119670. [PMID: 35752394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the most relevant information on PBDEs' occurrence and their impacts in cetaceans at global scale, with special attention on the species with the highest reported levels and therefore the most potentially impacted by the current and continuous release of these substances. This review also emphasizes the anthropogenic and environmental factors that could increase concentrations and associated risks for these species in the next future. High PBDE concentrations above the toxicity threshold and stationary trends have been related to continuous import of PBDE-containing products in cetaceans of Brazil and Australia, where PBDEs have never been produced. Non-decreasing levels documented in cetaceans from the Northwest Pacific Ocean might be linked to the increased e-waste import and ongoing production and use of deca-BDE that is still allowed in China. Moreover, high levels of PBDEs in some endangered species such as beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in St. Lawrence Estuary and Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus Orca) are influenced by the discharge of contaminated waters deriving from wastewater treatment plants. Climate change related processes such as enhanced long-range transport, re-emissions from secondary sources and shifts in migration habits could lead to greater exposure and accumulation of PBDEs in cetaceans, above all in those species living in the Arctic. In addition, increased rainfall could carry greater amount of contaminants to the marine environment, thereby, enhancing the exposure and accumulation especially for coastal species. Synergic effects of all these factors and ongoing emissions of PBDEs, expected to continue at least until 2050, could increase the degree of exposure and menace for cetacean populations. In this regard, it is necessary to improve current regulations on PBDEs and broader the knowledge about their toxicological effects, in order to assess health risks and support regulatory protection for cetacean species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bartalini
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia García-Álvarez
- Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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18
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de Oliveira-Ferreira N, Manhães BMR, Santos-Neto EB, Rocha Y, Guari EB, Botta S, Colosio AC, Ramos HGC, Barbosa L, Cunha IAG, Bisi TL, Azevedo AF, Cunha HA, Lailson-Brito J. Franciscana dolphins, Pontoporia blainvillei, as environmental sentinels of the world's largest mining disaster: Temporal trends for organohalogen compounds and their consequences for an endangered population. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119370. [PMID: 35526646 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On November 5th, 2015, the Fundão dam collapsed in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, releasing millions of cubic meters of mud containing mining residue into the Doce River. Two weeks later, the mud arrived to the marine environment, triggering changes in franciscana dolphin habitat, Pontoporia blainvillei, from Franciscana Management Area Ia. This is an isolated population of the most endangered cetacean species in the South Atlantic Ocean. Organohalogen compounds (OHCs) may pose a threat to this endangered population because of their endocrine disrupting properties. Hence, this study sought to determine if there were differences in the bioaccumulation profile of OHC (PCBs, DDTs, Mirex, HCB, HCHs, PBDEs, PBEB, HBBZ and MeO-BDEs) in franciscana dolphins before and after dam collapse and to build a temporal trend. Blubber of 33 stranded individuals was collected in Espírito Santo state for organohalogen assessment between 2003 and 2019. Differences were found between franciscana dolphins collected prior to and after the disaster. Additionally, significant temporal trends for organochlorine pesticides and natural and anthropogenic organobromine were detected. The increase in pesticide concentrations after 2015 is suggestive of their reavailability in the environment. The decline in organobromine over time could be due to their debromination in the marine environment and alterations in the composition of their natural producers. PCBs remained stable during the period of the study. Our findings show an increase in endocrine disruptor concentrations, which is of great concern for this endangered population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara de Oliveira-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Biofísica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara M R Manhães
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elitieri B Santos-Neto
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Rocha
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emi B Guari
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvina Botta
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha (ECOMEGA), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália s/n, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriana C Colosio
- Instituto Baleia Jubarte, Rua Barão do Rio Branco, 125, 45900-000, Caravelas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hernani G C Ramos
- Instituto Baleia Jubarte, Rua Barão do Rio Branco, 125, 45900-000, Caravelas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lupércio Barbosa
- Instituto ORCA), Rua Quinze de Novembro, 29101-055, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ian A G Cunha
- Instituto ORCA), Rua Quinze de Novembro, 29101-055, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana L Bisi
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Azevedo
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Haydée A Cunha
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Biofísica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Sun J, Shaw S, Berger M, Halaska B, Roos A, Bäcklin BM, Zheng X, Liu K, Wang Y, Chen D. Spatiotemporal Trends of Legacy and Alternative Flame Retardants in Harbor Seals from the Coasts of California, the Gulf of Maine, and Sweden. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5714-5723. [PMID: 35442023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been extensively studied in various environmental compartments globally. However, despite the increasing use of alternative flame retardants following PBDE bans, the spatiotemporal trends of these replacements have rarely been studied, and the available results are often inconsistent. In the present study, we retrospectively investigated the spatiotemporal trends of PBDEs and a suite of alternative brominated FRs (aBFRs) and chlorinated FRs (i.e., dechloranes or DECs) in three harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) populations from the coasts of California, the Gulf of Maine, and southern Sweden during 1999-2016. We observed significantly decreasing trends of ΣPBDEs in all the three populations at an annual rate of 9-11%, which were predominantly driven by the declining concentrations of tetra- and penta-BDEs. The levels of ΣaBFRs decreased significantly in seals from California (mainly 1,3,5-tribromobenzene) and Sweden (mainly hexabromobenzene), while no trend was observed for those from Maine. By contrast, DECs (dominated by DEC 602) did not decrease significantly in any population. Compared with the consistent PBDE congener profiles across regions, aBFRs and DECs exhibited varying compositional profiles between regions, likely indicating region-specific sources of these alternative FR mixtures. Spatial analysis also revealed regional differences in the concentrations of PBDEs, aBFRs, and DECs in harbor seals. Our reconstructed spatiotemporal trends suggest the effective regulation of commercial penta-BDE mix in these regions and warrant further monitoring of the higher brominated BDEs and alternative FRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, CN-510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Susan Shaw
- Shaw Institute, Blue Hill Research Center, Blue Hill ME-04614, Maine, United States
| | - Michelle Berger
- Shaw Institute, Blue Hill Research Center, Blue Hill ME-04614, Maine, United States
| | - Barbie Halaska
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito CA-94965, California, United States
| | - Anna Roos
- Department of Contaminant Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Bäcklin
- Department of Contaminant Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoshi Zheng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, CN-510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunyan Liu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, CN-510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, CN-510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, CN-510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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20
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Sun J, Zhang L, Zhou F, Shaw S, Roos A, Berger M, Bäcklin BM, Huang Y, Zheng X, Wang X, Chen D. Hepatic Fatty Acid Profiles Associated with Exposure to Emerging and Legacy Halogenated Contaminants in Two Harbor Seal Populations across the North Atlantic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1830-1840. [PMID: 35068154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) have been extensively used as indicators of foraging ecology in marine mammals, yet their association with exposure to contaminants has rarely been investigated. The present study provided the first characterization of the relationship between hepatic FA profiles and exposure to a suite of contaminants in a sentinel species─the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)─from the Gulf of Maine and the south coast of Sweden. FA profiles differed in the two seal populations, and the levels of legacy and alternative brominated flame retardants and polyhalogenated carbazoles were significantly elevated in Maine seals. Correlations between individual FAs and multiple flame retardants (FRs) and poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were found in seals from both populations. Moreover, several FR and PFAS chemicals were significantly associated with the estimated desaturating enzyme activity inferred from the FA profiles. The ratios of poly to monounsaturated FAs (∑PUFAs/∑MUFAs) and those of unsaturated to saturated FAs (∑UFAs/∑SFAs) were significantly associated with HBBZ, PFHxS, or BDE 47 in seals from Maine and Sweden, whereas ∑n - 6/∑n - 3 PUFAs was significantly associated with BDE 154 and 36-CCZ in Swedish and Maine seals, respectively. Our results suggest the lipid metabolism-disrupting potential of these contaminants in marine mammals and warrant continuous biomonitoring and risk assessment, considering the critical role of PUFAs in vital biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, CN-510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Long Zhang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, CN-510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengli Zhou
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, CN-510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Susan Shaw
- Shaw Institute, Blue Hill Research Center, Blue Hill, Maine 04614, United States
| | - Anna Roos
- Department of Contaminant Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 5007, Stockholm SE-10405, Sweden
| | - Michelle Berger
- Shaw Institute, Blue Hill Research Center, Blue Hill, Maine 04614, United States
| | - Britt-Marie Bäcklin
- Department of Contaminant Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 5007, Stockholm SE-10405, Sweden
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, CN-230032 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zheng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, CN-510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, CN-510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, CN-510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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21
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Aznar-Alemany Ò, Sala B, Jobst KJ, Reiner EJ, Borrell A, Aguilar À, Eljarrat E. Temporal trends of halogenated and organophosphate contaminants in striped dolphins from the Mediterranean Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142205. [PMID: 33207472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PBDEs, HBCD, novel DBDPE, PBEB and HBB, dechloranes, OPFRs and natural MeO-PBDEs were monitored in muscle of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the Mediterranean Sea collected in three time periods (1990, 2004-2009 and 2014-2018). PBDEs levels decreased about 60% in under three decades, from 5067 ± 2210 to 2068 ± 2642ngg-1 lw, evidencing the success of their ban. Most PBDEs were found in all the samples, with BDE-47, -99, -154, -100 and -153 as the main contributors. Found in 71.4% of the samples, α-HBCD was stable through time and usually <LOQ. DBDPE concentrations decreased by 89% from 1990 to 2004-2009 and have remained stable since. HBB occurred rarely and decreased by 94% to a current few ngg-1 lw. Dec 602 was the main dechlorane with stable concentrations around 1200 ngg-1 lw, but a declining trend might have started in the last years. OPFRs concentrations were stable and showed the highest concentrations of all FRs in 2014-2018: 6253 ± 11,293ngg-1 lw. TBOEP and TNBP contributed to most of the OPFR concentration, the former with decreasing levels by 96%. MeO-PBDEs showed mean concentrations between 600 and 700ngg-1 lw in all periods. Non-targeted analysis allowed the identification and semi-quantification of additional chlorinated pollutants, such as polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) (levels decreasing by 81% to a current 770 ngg-1 lw mean) and polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) (decreasing by 83% to a current 3200ngg-1 lw) in Mediterranean marine mammals for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Aznar-Alemany
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Sala
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karl J Jobst
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP), Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric J Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP), Toronto, Canada
| | - Asunción Borrell
- Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àlex Aguilar
- Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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First assessment of POPs and cytochrome P450 expression in Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) skin biopsies from the Mediterranean Sea. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21891. [PMID: 33318545 PMCID: PMC7736872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) is one of the least known cetacean species worldwide. The decreasing population trend and associated threats has led to the IUCN categorising the Mediterranean subpopulation as Vulnerable on the Red List of Threatened Species. This study aimed to investigate for the first time the ecotoxicological status of Cuvier's beaked whale in the NW Mediterranean Sea. The study sampled around the 20% of the individuals belonging to the Ligurian subpopulation, collecting skin biopsies from free-ranging specimens. The levels of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and induction of cytochrome's P450 (CYP1A1 and CYP2B isoforms) were evaluated. Results highlighted that the pattern of concentration for the target contaminants was PCBs > PBDEs and the accumulation values were linked to age and sex, with adult males showing significantly higher levels than juvenile. Concerns raised by the fact that 80% of the individuals had PCB levels above the toxicity threshold for negative physiological effects in marine mammals. Therefore, these findings shed light on this silent and serious threat never assessed in the Mediterranean Cuvier’s beaked whale population, indicating that anthropogenic pressures, including chemical pollution, may represent menaces for the conservation of this species in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Capanni F, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Marsili L, Fossi MC, Jiménez B. Assessment of PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs and PBDEs in Mediterranean striped dolphins. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111207. [PMID: 32510364 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bio-accumulation of high levels of persistent organic pollutants represent a serious conservation concern for Mediterranean marine odontocetes. In this study, blubber samples from 10 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded along the Italian coasts during 2015-2016 were analyzed. All specimens showed dl-PCBs > PBDEs ≫ PCDD/Fs. Median concentrations were 1820 ng/g l.w., 456 ng/g l.w. and 23.9 pg/g l.w., respectively. dl-PCBs accounted for 93.3% of total TEQs. PBDE concentrations suggest that the Mediterranean basin may be considered a hotspot for organobromine compounds. OCDD did not represent the greatest contributor to PCDD/Fs profile, most likely due to a change in dioxin environmental sources in the last two-three decades. Despite international regulations, the present study emphasized that POP exposure levels in Mediterranean striped dolphins have not declined significantly in recent years. Toxicological and risk assessment studies on this sentinel species may provide an early indication of potential adverse health effects on Mediterranean ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capanni
- Dept. Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Dept. Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Dept. Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Letizia Marsili
- Dept. Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Cristina Fossi
- Dept. Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Dept. Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Zhao Y, Tang X, Qu F, Lv M, Liu Q, Li J, Li L, Zhang B, Zhao Y. ROS-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) of Thalassiosira pseudonana under the stress of BDE-47. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114342. [PMID: 32179226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a series of highly persistent organic pollutants (POPs) ubiquitously distributed in marine environments. As key primary producers, microalgae are the start of PBDEs bioaccumulations and vulnerable to their toxicities. In order to deeply investigate the toxic mechanism of PBDEs on microalgal cells, the occurrence of programmed cell death (PCD) in a model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and its possible mediating mechanism were studied. The results indicated: cell death of T. pseudonana happened under the stress of BDE-47, which was proved to be PCD based on the correlations with three biochemical markers (DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase activity) and three molecular markers [Metacaspase 2 gene (TpMC2), Death-associated protein gene (DAP3) and Death-specific protein 1 gene (TpDSP1)]; Furthermore, the changes of cellular ROS levels were correlated with the PCD markers and the dead cell rates, and the cell membrane and the chloroplast were identified as the major ROS production sites. Therefore, we concluded that PCD might be an important toxic mechanism of PBDEs on microalgal cells, and that chloroplast- and cell membrane-produced ROS was an important signaling molecule to mediate the PCD activation process. Our research firstly indicated microalgal PCD could be induced by PBDEs, and increased our knowledge of the toxic mechanisms by which POPs affect microalgal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fangyuan Qu
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Mengchen Lv
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Luying Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Bihan Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Aznar-Alemany Ò, Eljarrat E. Food contamination on flame retardants. EMERGING HALOGENATED FLAME RETARDANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bartalini A, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Marsili L, Mazzariol S, Fossi MC, Jiménez B. Evaluation of PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs and PBDEs in sperm whales from the Mediterranean Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1417-1425. [PMID: 30759580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies to date have reported concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in different marine mammal species worldwide. Yet data on sperm whales are scarce from rich and unique biodiverse areas such as the Mediterranean Sea. This work aimed to assess levels of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in blubber of sperm whales stranded along the Italian coast between 2008 and 2016. POP mean concentrations (dl-PCBs: 6410 ng/g l.w.; PBDEs: 612 ng/g l.w.; PCDD/Fs: 57.8 pg/g l.w.) were mostly in line with what has been previously reported on the same species in the Mediterranean environment and tended to be higher than those reported from other geographical regions. The relative abundance followed the order dl-PCBs > PBDEs ≫ PCDD/Fs. Interestingly, the non-ortho dl-PCB pattern (126 > 169 > 77) was similar to that described in other studies worldwide and different from what is described in its main prey. This could be linked to particular metabolic activities in sperm whales against these highly toxic contaminants. Total TEQs ranged from 275 to 987 pg/g l.w. and showed the pattern Σnon-ortho-dl-PCBs > Σortho-dl-PCBs > PCDDs > PCDFs, with PCBs' contribution about 96%. These findings highlight the high abundance of PCBs still found in the Mediterranean environment despite having been banned for decades. All sperm whales analyzed in this study surpassed the threshold of 210 pg WHO-TEQ/g l.w. proposed as starting point of immunosuppression in harbour seals; a level of contamination that may have contributed to an impairment of their immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bartalini
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - J Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC. Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Marsili
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - S Mazzariol
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - M C Fossi
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - B Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC. Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Sutton R, Chen D, Sun J, Greig DJ, Wu Y. Characterization of brominated, chlorinated, and phosphate flame retardants in San Francisco Bay, an urban estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:212-223. [PMID: 30366322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardant chemical additives are incorporated into consumer goods to meet flammability standards, and many have been detected in environmental matrices. A uniquely wide-ranging characterization of flame retardants was conducted, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 52 additional brominated, chlorinated, or phosphate analytes, in water, sediment, bivalves, and harbor seal blubber of San Francisco Bay, a highly urbanized estuary once considered a hot spot for PBDE contamination. Among brominated flame retardants, PBDEs remained the dominant contaminants in all matrices, though declines have been observed over the last decade following their phase-out. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and other hydrophobic, brominated flame retardants were commonly detected at lower levels than PBDEs in sediment and tissue matrices. Dechlorane Plus (DP) and related chlorinated compounds were also detected at lower levels or not at all across all matrices. In contrast, phosphate flame retardants were widely detected in Bay water samples, with highest median concentrations in the order TCPP > TPhP > TBEP > TDCPP > TCEP. Concentrations in Bay water were often higher than in other estuarine and marine environments. Phosphate flame retardants were also widely detected in sediment, in the order TEHP > TCrP > TPhP > TDCPP > TBEP. Several were present in bivalves, with levels of TDCPP comparable to PBDEs. Only four phosphate flame retardants were detected in harbor seal blubber: TCPP, TDCPP, TCEP, and TPhP. Periodic, multi-matrix screening is recommended to track contaminant trends impacted by changes to flammability standards and manufacturing practices, with a particular focus on contaminants like TDCPP and TPhP that were found at levels comparable to thresholds for aquatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sutton
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Avenue, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
| | - Jennifer Sun
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Avenue, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Denise J Greig
- California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Lavandier R, Arêas J, Quinete N, de Moura JF, Taniguchi S, Montone R, Siciliano S, Hauser-Davis RA, Moreira I. PCB and PBDE contamination in Tursiops truncatus and Stenella frontalis, two data-deficient threatened dolphin species from the Brazilian coast. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:485-493. [PMID: 30368142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) levels were assessed in the liver and muscle of two data-deficient threatened dolphin species, the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, n = 4) and the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis, n = 6), sampled off the Southeastern Brazilian coast. PCB concentrations were greater in liver compared to muscle, with males presenting higher concentrations than females. The three main detected PCB congeners were PCBs 138, 153 and 180. A predominance of hexachlorinated congeners was observed, followed by hepta- and penta-PCBs. For both species, Cl 3 and Cl 4 levels were higher in muscle compared to liver, while Cl 5 to Cl 8 and ∑PCBs were higher in liver. PBDE concentrations were significantly higher in Atlantic spotted dolphin muscle and liver compared to bottlenose dolphins. Similarly to PCBs, the highest PBDE concentrations were observed in males. The presence of PBDE congeners BDE-47, -100 and -99 in the muscle and liver of both species suggests the existence of a pollution source in Brazil by a penta-BDE mixture, as PBDEs have never been produced in Brazil. Interspecific PCB and PBDE profiles were very similar, which may be related to the similar characteristics of the analyzed species, mainly geographic distribution and life and feeding habits. This study furthers knowledge on environmental PCB and PBDE contamination, assisting in the establishment of dolphin population conservation strategies. In addition, this study calls into question the current threshold values established for PCBs and PBDEs, and demonstrates the lack of information and knowledge in this regard for cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lavandier
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil.
| | - Jennifer Arêas
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC) - Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jailson F de Moura
- Systems Ecology Group, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Siciliano
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana (CESTEH), ENSP, FIOCRUZ, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabel Moreira
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil
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Robinson KJ, Hall AJ, Debier C, Eppe G, Thomé JP, Bennett KA. Persistent Organic Pollutant Burden, Experimental POP Exposure, and Tissue Properties Affect Metabolic Profiles of Blubber from Gray Seal Pups. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13523-13534. [PMID: 30339760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic, ubiquitous, resist breakdown, bioaccumulate in living tissue, and biomagnify in food webs. POPs can also alter energy balance in humans and wildlife. Marine mammals experience high POP concentrations, but consequences for their tissue metabolic characteristics are unknown. We used blubber explants from wild, gray seal ( Halichoerus grypus) pups to examine impacts of intrinsic tissue POP burden and acute experimental POP exposure on adipose metabolic characteristics. Glucose use, lactate production, and lipolytic rate differed between matched inner and outer blubber explants from the same individuals and between feeding and natural fasting. Glucose use decreased with blubber dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCB) and increased with acute experimental POP exposure. Lactate production increased with DL-PCBs during feeding, but decreased with DL-PCBs during fasting. Lipolytic rate increased with blubber dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDX) in fasting animals, but declined with DDX when animals were feeding. Our data show that POP burdens are high enough in seal pups to alter adipose function early in life, when fat deposition and mobilization are vital. Such POP-induced alterations to adipose metabolic properties may significantly alter energy balance regulation in marine top predators, with the potential for long-term impacts on fitness and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Robinson
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 8LB , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ailsa J Hall
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 8LB , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Cathy Debier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology , Université Catholique de Louvain , Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348 , Belgium
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Center for Analytical Research and Technology (CART), B6c, Department of Chemistry , Université de Liège , Liege 4000 , Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Thomé
- Center for Analytical Research and Technology (CART), Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE) , Université de Liège , Liege 4000 , Belgium
| | - Kimberley A Bennett
- Division of Science, School of Science Engineering and Technology , Abertay University , Dundee DD1 1HG , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Nehring I, Falkowska L, Staniszewska M, Pawliczka I, Bodziach K. Maternal transfer of phenol derivatives in the Baltic grey seal Halichoerus grypus grypus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1642-1651. [PMID: 30072224 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies of circulating levels in difference sex and age classes, and maternal transfer of bisphenol A, 4-tert-octylphenol and 4- nonylphenol in the Baltic grey seal were performed from 2014-2017. Blood was collected from long-term captive adult males, pregnant females and pups. Milk was collected from nursing females. The aim of this study was not only to determine the concentrations of phenol derivatives, i.e. bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and 4-nonylphenol (NP), but also to try to evaluate the transfer of these compounds to the next generation in the final stage of foetal life and in the first few weeks of life in juvenile marine mammals. The measurements were carried out using high performance liquid chromatography. The obtained data show that all phenol derivatives are present in the blood of males, females and pups (range <0.07-101 ng·cm-3) and in female milk (range <0.1-406.3 ng·cm-3). The main source of phenol derivatives in organisms is food exposure. Gender, age, or number of births were not observed to have a significant effect on changes in phenol derivative levels in seal blood within the breeding group. In the prenatal stage of life, a small amount of BPA and alkylphenols was passed on to the offspring through the placenta. In the blood of the offspring the concentration of these compounds exceeded the concentration in the mother's blood 1.5-fold. During nursing, females detoxified their systems. Level of phenol derivatives in the pups blood increased linearly with its increasing concentrations in the mother's milk. On the other hand, the seafood diet which started after the physiological fasting stage of the pup, stabilised the levels of phenol derivatives below 10 ng ∙ cm-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Nehring
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Lucyna Falkowska
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Marta Staniszewska
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Iwona Pawliczka
- Professor Krzysztof Skóra Hel Marine Station, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, ul. Morska 2, 84-150, Hel, Poland
| | - Karina Bodziach
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
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Zaccaroni A, Andreini R, Franzellitti S, Barceló D, Eljarrat E. Halogenated flame retardants in stranded sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) from the Mediterranean Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:892-900. [PMID: 29710611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, decline of marine mammals' populations and increased frequency of strandings have arised the interest on the role that pollution may have in these events. The present work aimed at quantifying levels of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and dechloranes (DECs) in tissues of 3 adult females and one foetus of sperm whales stranded in the Southern Adriatic Sea coasts (Italy). Results proved the presence of different flame retardants (FRs) in tissues of sperm whales, including various polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) congeners (47, 99, 100, 154, entering the composition of PentaBDE mixture), hexabromocyclodecanes (HBCDs), Dec 602 and methoxylated polibrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs). In blubber, a target tissue for contaminant accumulation, ΣPBDEs reached values of 160, 158 and 183 ng/g lw, α-HBCD of 5.75 ng/g lw, Dec 602 of 1632 ng/g lw and MeO-BDEs of 563 ng/g lw. The availability of foetal tissues allowed evaluating the potential maternal transfer on many of these compounds, and to discuss the potential adverse effects on foetal health. To the best of our knowledge, obtained data are the first reporting placental transfer of FRs in sperm whales. PBDE levels detected in foetus suggested a potentially long-term exposure to BFRs, which could cause severe damages to the developing organism, likely at the cerebral, endocrine and immunologic levels. Dec 602, which was detected at the highest concentrations among all FRs considered, could potentially cause dysfunctional effects on the immune system of adult females.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaccaroni
- Large Pelagic Vertebrates Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; MarLab, Place du Chateau 7, 06250 Mougins, France
| | - R Andreini
- Large Pelagic Vertebrates Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; MarLab, Place du Chateau 7, 06250 Mougins, France
| | - S Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - D Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Eljarrat
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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32
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Zhao W, Cai M, Adelman D, Khairy M, August P, Lohmann R. Land-use-based sources and trends of dissolved PBDEs and PAHs in an urbanized watershed using passive polyethylene samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:573-580. [PMID: 29605617 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Narragansett Bay is a temperate estuary on the Atlantic coast of Rhode Island in the north-eastern United States, which receives organic pollutants from urban and industrial activities in its watershed, though detailed knowledge on sources and fluxes is missing. Twenty-four polyethylene passive samplers were deployed in the surface water of the watershed around Narragansett Bay during June-July of 2014, to examine the spatial variability and possible sources of priority pollutants, namely dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Dissolved ∑22PAH concentrations ranged from 3.6 to 340 ng L-1, and from 2.9 to 220 pg L-1 for ∑12PBDE. The spatial variability of the concentrations was correlated to land use pattern and population distribution, in particular with human activities within 2 km of sampling sites. River discharges derived from the concentrations of PAHs and PBDEs measured here were 10-20 times greater than their previously measured concentrations in the open waters of Narragansett Bay. These results imply that river waters are the main source of PAHs and PDBEs to the Bay and that major sink terms (e.g., sedimentation, degradation) affect their concentrations in the estuary. Predicted PAH and PBDE toxicity based on dissolved concentrations did not exceed 1 toxic unit, suggested that no toxicity occurred at the sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882-1197, USA; College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Minggang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882-1197, USA; College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - David Adelman
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882-1197, USA
| | - Mohammed Khairy
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882-1197, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Moharam Bek, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Peter August
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, One Greenhouse Way, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882-1197, USA.
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Soulen BK, Venables BJ, Johnston DW, Roberts AP. Accumulation of PBDEs in stranded harp (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) from the Northeastern United States. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 138:96-101. [PMID: 29706368 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are highly lipophilic components of brominated flame retardants that are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulate. PBDEs are taken up from the gastrointestinal tract and accumulate mainly in fat depots and liver tissues. Seal species inhabiting Arctic and sub-Arctic regions can have upwards of 30% of their body mass composed of blubber. When those blubber stores are mobilized for energy, stored toxicants are also released into circulation. Most studies reporting accumulation of PBDEs in seals have focused on harbor and grey seals with few examining harp and hooded seals. In this study, PBDEs concentrations were analyzed in seal blubber from 21 stranded harp and 9 stranded hooded seals sampled along the northeast coast of the U.S. (1999-2010). A PBDE congener profile was determined for each individual. The results show that both species of seals are accumulating PBDEs with BDE-47 being the dominant congener. Mean ƩPBDE concentrations in harp seals were 70.55 ± 33.59 ng/g ww and for hooded seals 94.28 ± 42.65 ng/g ww. The results of this study are consistent with previous studies reporting a decrease in bioaccumulation with an increase in bromination. For both species, BDE-47 represented the highest percentage of the ƩPBDEs, composing over 50% of the ƩPBDEs in harp seals. When compared to stranding condition code, animals found alive had overall higher PBDE concentrations than those found in a state of moderate decomposition. This difference could be due to decreased blubber levels in the decomposed animals or potential degradation of the compounds in the blubber. Almost all seals used in this study were yearlings which is the most likely age class to strand. Yearling seals are at a crucial stage of development, especially of their immune system, which can be impacted by high levels of contaminants like PBDEs and increase the susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K Soulen
- Dep. of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
| | - Barney J Venables
- Dep. of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - David W Johnston
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Dep. of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
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Trego ML, Hoh E, Kellar NM, Meszaros S, Robbins MN, Dodder NG, Whitehead A, Lewison RL. Comprehensive Screening Links Halogenated Organic Compounds with Testosterone Levels in Male Delphinus delphis from the Southern California Bight. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3101-3109. [PMID: 29397698 PMCID: PMC6301072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
While environmental pollutants have been associated with changes in endocrine health in cetaceans, efforts to link contaminant exposure with hormones have largely been limited to a list of known, targeted contaminants, overlooking minimally characterized or unknown compounds of emerging concern. To address this gap, we analyzed a suite of potential endocrine disrupting halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in blubber from 16 male short-beaked common dolphins ( Delphinus delphis) with known maturity status collected from fishery bycatch in the Southern California Bight. We employed a suspect screening mass spectrometry-based method to investigate a wide range of HOCs that were previously observed in cetaceans from the same region. Potential endocrine effects were assessed through the measurement of blubber testosterone. We detected 167 HOCs, including 81 with known anthropogenic sources, 49 of unknown origin, and 37 with known natural sources. The sum of 11 anthropogenic and 4 unknown HOC classes were negatively correlated with blubber testosterone. Evidence suggests that elevated anthropogenic HOC load contributes to impaired testosterone production in mature male D. delphis. The application of this integrative analytical approach to cetacean contaminant analysis allows for inference of the biological consequences of accumulation of HOCs and prioritization of compounds for future environmental toxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L. Trego
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Corresponding Author, Phone: (858) 546-7066
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Kellar
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, MMTD, NMFS, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sara Meszaros
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michelle N. Robbins
- Ocean Associates, Inc., under contract to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - USA
| | - Nathan G. Dodder
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
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Bjurlid F, Dam M, Hoydal K, Hagberg J. Occurrence of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in pilot whales (Globicephala melas) caught around the Faroe Islands. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:11-20. [PMID: 29248748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Blubber from Faroese pilot whales (Globicephala melas) was analysed for brominated dioxins PBDD/Fs, with a subset also analysed for chlorinated dioxins, PCDD/Fs. The studied individuals were restricted to juvenile male whales sampled in the Faroe Islands during the period 1997-2013. Among the PBDD/Fs, the furans were predominant, although the relative abundance of various congeners differed between samples. Furans accounted for, on average, 79% of the ∑PBDD/Fs in the samples, with 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF the most abundant congener, found in half of the analysed pilot whales. The concentration range for ∑PBDD/Fs among the samples was 0.080-71 pg/g l.w. (lipid weight), and the sum of toxic equivalents ranged from 0.0039 to 4.7 pg TEQ/g l.w. No relationship was found between PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs. In addition, 20 pilot whale samples from the period 2010-2013 were analysed for PBDEs. Several PBDE congeners were found in all of the sampled pilot whales, and at noticeably higher levels than PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs. The ∑PBDEs ranged from 140 to 1900 ng/g l.w., with BDE #47 the most abundant congener detected in the samples. Results from the present study were then compared with data from previous studies on pilot wales to investigate temporal trends between 1986 and 2013. The comparison indicated that PBDE concentrations in juvenile males have decreased from 1996 to the latest observations in 2013. No relationship between the concentration levels of PBDD/Fs and PBDEs in the sampled pilot whales could be identified, which indicates possible differences in the metabolism of, or exposure to, PBDEs and PBDD/Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bjurlid
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - M Dam
- Environment Agency, Traðagøta 38, FO-165, Argir, Faroe Islands
| | - K Hoydal
- Environment Agency, Traðagøta 38, FO-165, Argir, Faroe Islands
| | - J Hagberg
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE 701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 85, Örebro, Sweden
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Matthiessen P, Wheeler JR, Weltje L. A review of the evidence for endocrine disrupting effects of current-use chemicals on wildlife populations. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 48:195-216. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1397099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lennart Weltje
- BASF SE, Crop Protection – Ecotoxicology, Limburgerhof, Germany
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Houde M, Wang X, Ferguson SH, Gagnon P, Brown TM, Tanabe S, Kunito T, Kwan M, Muir DCG. Spatial and temporal trends of alternative flame retardants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) across the Canadian Arctic. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:266-276. [PMID: 28131476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of alternative flame retardants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed in ringed seal (Phoca hispida) blubber collected across the Canadian Arctic during subsistence hunts between 1998 and 2013. More than 80% of sampled animals were females and juvenile males. The highest mean ΣPBDE concentrations (sum of 13 congeners) were found in seals from Nain (Nunatsiavut) as well as Inukjuaq and Arviat (Hudson Bay) and the lowest mean levels were found in seals from Lancaster Sound. BDE-47 and -99 were the predominant PBDE congeners quantified in ringed seals. The most frequently detected non-PBDE flame retardants were polybrominated biphenyl 101 (BB-101, 57% of samples analyzed for this chemical), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD; 38%), hexabromobenzene (HBB, 30%), and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTeBB, 23%). The relative trophic position of seals, estimated using stable isotopes, did not vary over time and did not influence flame retardant blubber concentrations. The relative carbon source increased over time at Arviat and Resolute Bay and weak relationships were observed with ΣPBDEs in blubber of seals. ΣPBDEs increased significantly from 1998 to 2008 in ringed seals from East Baffin and subsequently decreased in recent years. PBDE levels at other sites fluctuated slightly over time. HBCDD concentrations increased at several sites over the past decade. The presence of flame retardants in ringed seals suggests their persistence and their continuous inputs in the Canadian Arctic environment. Monitoring and research on the effects of these contaminants in seals are warranted given the importance of this species in Arctic marine food webs and for local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - X Wang
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - S H Ferguson
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Arctic Aquatic Research Division, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
| | - P Gagnon
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - T M Brown
- Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - S Tanabe
- Ehime University, Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - T Kunito
- Shinshu University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - M Kwan
- Nunavik Research Centre, Kuujjuaq, QC J0M 1C0, Canada
| | - D C G Muir
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
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Chai T, Cui F, Mu X, Yang Y, Qi S, Zhu L, Wang C, Qiu J. Stereoselective induction by 2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio): Implication of chirality in oxidative stress and bioaccumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 215:66-76. [PMID: 27179325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the oxidative stress process and bioaccumulation the racemic/(-)-/(+)- 2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl were administered to adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) after prolonged exposure of 56-days uptake and 49-days depuration experiments. Stereoselective accumulation was observed in adult samples after racemic exposure as revealed by decreased enantiomer fractions. The two enantiomers of PCB91 accumulated at different rates with logBCFk values close to 3.7, suggesting that they were highly hazardous and persistent pollutants. Exposure to racemic/(-)-/(+)- PCB91 stereoselectively induced oxidative stress owing to changes in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde contents, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expressions in brain and liver tissues. In addition, the stereoselective relationship between bioconcentration and oxidative stress were also presented in this study. Our findings might be helpful for elucidating the environmental risk of the two enantiomers of PCB91 that induce toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chai
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feng Cui
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
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Hoydal KS, Ciesielski TM, Borrell A, Wasik A, Letcher RJ, Dam M, Jenssen BM. Relationships between concentrations of selected organohalogen contaminants and thyroid hormones and vitamins A, E and D in Faroese pilot whales. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:386-400. [PMID: 27131793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pilot whales (Globicephala melas) from the Faroe Islands, North-East Atlantic, have high body concentrations of organohalogenated compounds (OHCs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs). The aim of the present study was to examine if and to what extent blood plasma and liver concentrations of several groups of these OHCs are related to concentrations of relevant nutritional and hormonal biomarkers in pilot whales. Thyroid hormones (THs: total and free thyroxine and total and free triiodothyronine) and vitamin A (retinol), D (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) and E (α-tocopherol) were analysed in plasma (n=27) and vitamin A (total vitamin A, retinol and retinyl palmitate) and E (α- and γ-tocopherol) were analysed in liver (n=37) of Faroe Island pilot whales. Correlative relationships between the biomarkers and OHC concentrations previously analysed in the same tissues in these individuals were studied. The TH concentrations in plasma were significantly higher in juveniles than in adults. Vitamin D concentrations in plasma and α- and γ-tocopherol in liver were higher in adults than in juveniles. Multivariate statistical modelling showed that the age and sex influenced the relationship between biomarkers and OHCs. Some significant positive relationships were found between OHCs and thyroid hormone concentrations in the youngest juveniles (p<0.05). In plasma of juvenile whales α-tocopherol was also positively correlated with all the OHCs (p<0.05). Only few significant correlations were found between single OHCs and retinol and vitamin D in plasma within the age groups. There were significant negative relationships between hepatic PBDE concentrations and retinol (BDE-47) and γ-tocopherol (BDE-49, -47, -100, -99, -153) in liver. The relationships between OHCs and THs or vitamins suggest that in pilot whales OHCs seem to have minor effects on TH and vitamin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin S Hoydal
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Environment Agency, Traðagøta 38, FO-165 Argir, Faroe Islands.
| | - Tomasz M Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asunción Borrell
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrzej Wasik
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Chemical Faculty, Department of Analytical Chemistry, G. Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr. (Raven Road), Ottawa K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Maria Dam
- Environment Agency, Traðagøta 38, FO-165 Argir, Faroe Islands
| | - Bjørn M Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Alava JJ, Ross PS, Gobas FAPC. Food Web Bioaccumulation Model for Resident Killer Whales from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean as a Tool for the Derivation of PBDE-Sediment Quality Guidelines. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:155-168. [PMID: 26289814 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Resident killer whale populations in the NE Pacific Ocean are at risk due to the accumulation of pollutants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). To assess the impact of PBDEs in water and sediments in killer whale critical habitat, we developed a food web bioaccumulation model. The model was designed to estimate PBDE concentrations in killer whales based on PBDE concentrations in sediments and the water column throughout a lifetime of exposure. Calculated and observed PBDE concentrations exceeded the only toxicity reference value available for PBDEs in marine mammals (1500 μg/kg lipid) in southern resident killer whales but not in northern resident killer whales. Temporal trends (1993-2006) for PBDEs observed in southern resident killer whales showed a doubling time of ≈5 years. If current sediment quality guidelines available in Canada for polychlorinated biphenyls are applied to PBDEs, it can be expected that PBDE concentrations in killer whales will exceed available toxicity reference values by a large margin. Model calculations suggest that a PBDE concentration in sediments of approximately 1.0 μg/kg dw produces PBDE concentrations in resident killer whales that are below the current toxicity reference value for 95 % of the population, with this value serving as a precautionary benchmark for a management-based approach to reducing PBDE health risks to killer whales. The food web bioaccumulation model may be a useful risk management tool in support of regulatory protection for killer whales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Alava
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
- Ocean Pollution Research Program, Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre, PO Box 3232, Vancouver, BC, V6B 3X8, Canada.
| | - Peter S Ross
- Ocean Pollution Research Program, Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre, PO Box 3232, Vancouver, BC, V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Frank A P C Gobas
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Weijs L, Zaccaroni A. Toxicology of Marine Mammals: New Developments and Opportunities. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:1-8. [PMID: 26499130 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that marine mammals are exposed to a wide variety of pollutants, with a weight of evidence indicating impacts on their health. Since hundreds of new chemicals enter the global market every year,the methods, approaches and technologies used to characterize pollution levels or impacts are also in a constant state of flux. However, legal and ethical constraints often limit the type and extent of toxicological research being carried out in marine mammals. Nevertheless, new and emerging in vivo, in vitro as well as in silico research opportunities abound in the field of marine mammal toxicology. In the application of findings to population-, species-, or habitat-related risk assessments, the identification of causal relationships which inform source apportionment is important. This, in turn, is informed by a comprehensive understanding of contaminant classes, profiles and fate overspace and time. Such considerations figure prominently in the design and interpretation of marine mammal (eco)-toxicology research. This mini-review attempts to follow the evolution behind marine mammal toxicology until now,highlight some of the research that has been done and suggest opportunities for future research. This Special Issue will showcase new developments in marine mammal toxicology, approaches for exposure-effect research in risk assessment as well as future opportunities.
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42
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Yoo J, Hirano M, Mizukawa H, Nomiyama K, Agusa T, Kim EY, Tanabe S, Iwata H. In Vitro and in Silico Analyses for Predicting Hepatic Cytochrome P450-Dependent Metabolic Potencies of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Baikal Seal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14588-14596. [PMID: 26579933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent metabolic pathway and potency of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica). In vitro metabolism of 62 PCB congener mixtures was investigated by using liver microsomes of this species. A decreased ratio of over 20% was observed for CB3, CB4, CB8, CB15, CB19, CB22, CB37, CB54, CB77, and CB105, suggesting the preferential metabolism of low-chlorinated PCBs by CYPs. The highly activated metabolic pathways in Baikal seals that were predicted from the decreased PCBs and detected hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) were CB22 to 4'OH-CB20 and CB77 to 4'OH-CB79. The total amount of OH-PCBs detected as identified and unidentified congeners accounted for only a 3.8 ± 1.7 mol % of loaded PCBs, indicating many unknown PCB metabolic pathways. To explore factors involved in CYP-dependent PCB metabolism, we examined the relationships among the structural and physicochemical properties of PCBs, the in silico PCB-CYP docking parameters, and the in vitro PCB decreased ratios by principal component analysis. Statistical analysis showed that the decreased PCB ratio was at least partly accounted for by the substituted chlorine number of PCBs and the distance from the Cl-unsubstituted carbon of docked PCBs to the heme Fe in CYP2A and 2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Yoo
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Agusa
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Barón E, Hauler C, Gallistl C, Giménez J, Gauffier P, Castillo JJ, Fernández-Maldonado C, de Stephanis R, Vetter W, Eljarrat E, Barceló D. Halogenated Natural Products in Dolphins: Brain-Blubber Distribution and Comparison with Halogenated Flame Retardants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9073-83. [PMID: 26148182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated natural products (MHC-1, TriBHD, TetraBHD, MeO-PBDEs, Q1, and related PMBPs) and halogenated flame retardants (PBDEs, HBB, Dec 602, Dec 603, and DP) in blubber and brain are reported from five Alboran Sea delphinids (Spain). Both HNPs and HFRs were detected in brain, implying that they are able to surpass the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain, which represents a new finding for some compounds, such as Q1 and PMBPs, MHC-1, TriBHD, TetraBHD, or Dec 603. Moreover, some compounds (TetraBHD, BDE-153, or HBB) presented higher levels in brain than in blubber. This study evidence the high concentrations of HNPs in the marine environment, especially in top predators. It shows the importance of further monitoring these natural compounds and evaluating their potential toxicity, when most studies focus on anthropogenic compounds only. While no bioaccumulation was found for ∑HNPs, ∑HFRs increased significantly with body size for both common and striped dolphins. Studies evaluating BBB permeation mechanisms of these compounds together with their potential neurotoxic effects in dolphins are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barón
- †Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Hauler
- ‡University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstraße 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Gallistl
- ‡University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstraße 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Giménez
- §Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD-CSIC), Americo Vespucio s/n, Isla Cartuja, 42092, Seville, Spain
| | - P Gauffier
- ∥Conservation, Information, and Research on Cetaceans (CIRCE), Cabeza de Manzaneda 3, Algeciras-Pelayo, 11390 Cádiz, Spain
| | - J J Castillo
- ⊥Centro de Recuperación de Especies Marinas Amenazadas (CREMA), Aula del Mar de Málaga, Pacífico 80, 29004 Málaga, Spain
| | - C Fernández-Maldonado
- #Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua de Andalucía, Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, Johan Gütemberg, 1, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - R de Stephanis
- ∥Conservation, Information, and Research on Cetaceans (CIRCE), Cabeza de Manzaneda 3, Algeciras-Pelayo, 11390 Cádiz, Spain
| | - W Vetter
- ‡University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstraße 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - E Eljarrat
- †Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- †Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Neuman-Lee LA, Carr J, Vaughn K, French SS. Physiological effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-47) on pregnant gartersnakes and resulting offspring. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 219:143-51. [PMID: 25845721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants and are persistent contaminants found in virtually every environment and organism sampled to date, including humans. There is growing evidence that PBDEs are the source of thyroid, neurodevelopmental, and reproductive toxicity. Yet little work has focused on how this pervasive contaminant may influence the reproduction and physiology of non-traditional model species. This is especially critical because in many cases non-model species, such as reptiles, are most likely to come into contact with PBDEs in nature. We tested how short-term, repeated exposure to the PBDE congener BDE-47 during pregnancy affected physiological processes in pregnant female gartersnakes (thyroid follicular height, bactericidal ability, stress responsiveness, reproductive output, and tendency to terminate pregnancy) and their resulting offspring (levels of corticosterone, bactericidal ability, and size differences). We found potential effects of BDE-47 on both the mother, such as increased size and higher thyroid follicular height, and her offspring (increased size), suggesting the effects on physiological function of PBDEs do indeed extend beyond the traditional rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin A Neuman-Lee
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States.
| | - James Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Katelynn Vaughn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Susannah S French
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States
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Barón E, Giménez J, Verborgh P, Gauffier P, De Stephanis R, Eljarrat E, Barceló D. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of classical flame retardants, related halogenated natural compounds and alternative flame retardants in three delphinids from Southern European waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 203:107-115. [PMID: 25875161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence and behaviour of classical (PBDEs) and alternative (HNs, HBB, PBEB, DBDPE and HBCD) flame retardants, together with naturally produced MeO-PBDEs, were studied in short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) in two sampling locations from Southern European waters. PBDEs, Dec 602, Dec 603, DP, α-HBCD and two MeO-PBDEs were detected in all three species. ∑PBDEs were between 17 and 2680 ng/g lw; ∑HNs were between 1.1 and 59 ng/g lw; α-HBCD levels ranged between 3.2 and 641 ng/g lw; ∑MeO-PBDEs were between 34 and 1966 ng/g lw. Bottlenose dolphins were the most contaminated species and some individuals could present health risk for endocrine disruption since levels found were above the reported threshold (1500 ng/g lw). Stable isotope analysis was used to evaluate the biomagnification capacity of these compounds. PBDEs, MeO-PBDEs and Dec 602 showed a significant positive correlation with trophic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barón
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Giménez
- Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Department of Conservation Biology, Avenida Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Verborgh
- Conservation Information and Research on Cetaceans (CIRCE), Cabeza de Manzaneda 3, Algeciras-Pelayo, 11390 Cádiz, Spain
| | - P Gauffier
- Conservation Information and Research on Cetaceans (CIRCE), Cabeza de Manzaneda 3, Algeciras-Pelayo, 11390 Cádiz, Spain
| | - R De Stephanis
- Fundación Rosetta, Cabeza de Manzaneda 3, Algeciras-Pelayo, 11390 Cadiz, Spain
| | - E Eljarrat
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - D Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
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46
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Pountney A, Filby AL, Thomas GO, Simpson VR, Chadwick EA, Stevens JR, Tyler CR. High liver content of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) in otters (Lutra lutra) from England and Wales. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 118:81-86. [PMID: 25014662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as flame retardants since the 1970s, are being phased out of use, but are persistent and widespread in the environment. Historical declines in Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) populations have been associated with exposure to dieldrin and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), but links with other persistent organic pollutants have not been explored. In this study, liver samples from 129 otters, collected across England and Wales from 1995-2006, were analysed for PBDEs, together with PCBs, DDT breakdown products, and hexachlorobenzene. Associations with geographical location and life history parameters were explored. Concentrations of PBDEs in otters (∑BDE 12-70000ngg(-1) lipid) paralleled those measured in marine mammals, with PBDE-47 the dominant congener and high levels of PBDE-99 and -100. Otter livers contained high concentrations of PBDE-153 and -209, typical of terrestrial top predators. Inter-individual variation in PBDE concentrations was high and correlated with geographical location. ∑PBDE was 25% of ∑PCB, and comparable with ∑DDT, identifying PBDEs as a major contaminant in otter populations in England and Wales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pountney
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Amy L Filby
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Gareth O Thomas
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK(1)
| | - Vic R Simpson
- The Wildlife Veterinary Investigation Centre, Truro, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Chadwick
- Cardiff University Otter Project, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jamie R Stevens
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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47
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Lopez J, Hyrenbach KD, Littnan C, Ylitalo GM. Geographic variation of persistent organic pollutants in Hawaiian monk seals Monachus schauinslandi in the main Hawaiian Islands. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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48
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Alonso MB, Azevedo A, Torres JPM, Dorneles PR, Eljarrat E, Barceló D, Lailson-Brito J, Malm O. Anthropogenic (PBDE) and naturally-produced (MeO-PBDE) brominated compounds in cetaceans--a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 481:619-634. [PMID: 24636867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the available data on brominated flame retardants, the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as well as on the naturally-produced methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) in cetacean tissues around the world. Levels and possible sources of both compound classes are discussed. Odontocete cetaceans accumulate higher PBDE concentrations than mysticete species. PBDE contamination was higher in cetaceans from the Northern hemisphere, whereas MeO-PBDE levels were higher in animals from the Southern hemisphere. Southern resident killer whales from NE Pacific presented the highest levels reported in biota, followed by bottlenose dolphins from North Atlantic (U.K. and U.S. coast). Many species presented PBDE concentrations above threshold levels for health effects in odontocetes. Time trend studies indicate that PBDE concentrations in odontocetes from Japan, China, U.S. and Canada coastal zones have increased significantly over the past 30 years. Studies from U.K. waters and NE Atlantic showed a decrease and/or stability of PBDE levels in cetacean tissues in recent decades. The highest MeO-PBDE concentrations were found in dolphins from Tanzania (Indian Ocean), bottlenose dolphins from Queensland, Australia (SW Pacific), and odontocetes from coastal and continental shelf waters off southeastern Brazil (SW Atlantic). The upwelling phenomenon and the presence of coral reef complexes in these tropical oceans may explain the large amounts of the naturally-produced organobromines. Considering that these bioaccumulative chemicals have properties that could cause many deleterious effects in those animals, future studies are required to evaluate the potential ecotoxicological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Alonso
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil; Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Brazil; Projeto BioPesca, Praia Grande, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Azevedo
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Brazil.
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
| | - Paulo R Dorneles
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Pic de Peguera 15, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Brazil.
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
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49
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Noël M, Loseto LL, Helbing CC, Veldhoen N, Dangerfield NJ, Ross PS. PCBs are associated with altered gene transcript profiles in arctic Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2942-2951. [PMID: 24490950 DOI: 10.1021/es403217r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
High trophic level arctic beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) are exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POP) originating primarily from southern latitudes. We collected samples from 43 male beluga harvested by Inuvialuit hunters (2008-2010) in the Beaufort Sea to evaluate the effects of POPs on the levels of 13 health-related gene transcripts using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Consistent with their role in detoxification, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) (r(2) = 0.18, p = 0.045 for 2008 and 2009) and cytochrome P450 1A1 (Cyp1a1) (r(2) = 0.20, p < 0.001 for 2008 and 2009; r(2) = 0.43, p = 0.049 for 2010) transcripts were positively correlated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the dominant POP in beluga. Principal Components Analysis distinguished between these two toxicology genes and 11 other genes primarily involved in growth, metabolism, and development. Factor 1 explained 56% of gene profiles, with these latter 11 gene transcripts displaying greater abundance in years coinciding with periods of low sea ice extent (2008 and 2010). δ(13)C results suggested a shift in feeding ecology and/or change in condition of these ice edge-associated beluga whales during these two years. While this provides insight into the legacy of PCBs in a remote environment, the possible impacts of a changing ice climate on the health of beluga underscores the need for long-term studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Noël
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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50
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Labrada-Martagón V, Zenteno-Savín T, Mangel M. Linking physiological approaches to marine vertebrate conservation: using sex steroid hormone determinations in demographic assessments. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 2:cot035. [PMID: 27293619 PMCID: PMC4732477 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cot035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sex, age and sexual maturation are key biological parameters for aspects of life history and are fundamental information for assessing demographic changes and the reproductive viability and performance of natural populations under exploitation pressures or in response to environmental influences. Much of the information available on the reproductive condition, length at sexual maturity and sex determinations of endangered species has been derived from direct examination of the gonads in dead animals, either intentionally or incidentally caught, or from stranded individuals. However, morphological data, when used alone, do not provide accurate demographic information in sexually monomorphic marine vertebrate species (e.g. sharks, sea turtles, seabirds and cetaceans). Hormone determination is an accurate and non-destructive method that provides indirect information about sex, reproductive condition and sexual maturity of free-ranging individuals. Correlations between sex steroid concentrations and biochemical parameters, gonadal development and state, reproductive behaviour and secondary external features have been already demonstrated in many species. Different non-lethal approaches (e.g. surgical and mark-recapture procedures), with intrinsic advantages and disadvantages when applied on free-ranging organisms, have been proposed to asses sex, growth and reproductive condition. Hormone determination from blood samples will generate valuable additional demographic information needed for stock assessment and biological conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Labrada-Martagón
- Center for Stock Assessment Research, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Programa de Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., La Paz, Baja California Sur, México C.P. 23096
| | - Tania Zenteno-Savín
- Programa de Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., La Paz, Baja California Sur, México C.P. 23096
| | - Marc Mangel
- Center for Stock Assessment Research, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
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