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Poncelet A, Hegenbart U, Schönland SO, Sam G, Purrucker JC, Hund E, Aus dem Siepen F, Göldner K, Hayes JM, Heiland S, Bendszus M, Weiler M, Hayes JC. T2-relaxometry in a large cohort of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Amyloid 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39223740 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2024.2398453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, T2-relaxation time (T2app) and proton spin density (ρ) detected nerve injury in a small group of ATTRv amyloidosis. Here, we aim to quantify peripheral nerve impairment in a large cohort of symptomatic and asymptomatic ATTRv amyloidosis and correlate T2-relaxometry markers with clinical parameters and nerve conduction studies (NCS). METHODS Eighty participants with pathologic variants of the transthyretin gene (TTRv) and 40 controls prospectively underwent magnetic resonance neurography. T2-relaxometry was performed, allowing to calculate tibial ρ, T2app and cross-sectional-area (CSA). Detailed clinical examinations and NCS of tibial and peroneal nerves were performed. RESULTS Forty participants were classified as asymptomatic TTRv-carriers, 40 as symptomatic patients with polyneuropathy. ρ, T2app and CSA were significantly higher in symptomatic ATTRv amyloidosis (484.2 ± 14.8 a.u.; 70.6 ± 1.8 ms; 25.7 ± 0.9 mm2) versus TTRv-carriers (413.1 ± 9.4 a.u., p < 0.0001; 62.3 ± 1.3 ms, p = 0.0002; 19.0 ± 0.8 mm2, p < 0.0001) and versus controls (362.6 ± 7.5 a.u., p < 0.0001; 59.5 ± 1.0 ms, p < 0.0001; 15.4 ± 0.5 mm2, p < 0.0001). Only ρ and CSA differentiated TTRv-carriers from controls. ρ and CSA correlated with NCS in TTRv-carriers, while T2app correlated with NCS in symptomatic ATTRv amyloidosis. Both ρ and T2app correlated with clinical score. CONCLUSION ρ and CSA can detect early nerve injury and correlate with electrophysiology in asymptomatic TTRv-carriers. T2app increases only in symptomatic ATTRv amyloidosis in whom it correlates with clinical scores and electrophysiology. Our results suggest that T2-relaxometry can provide biomarkers for disease- and therapy-monitoring in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anysia Poncelet
- Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Department V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schönland
- Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Department V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georges Sam
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan C Purrucker
- Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ernst Hund
- Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Aus dem Siepen
- Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kira Göldner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John M Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer C Hayes
- Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Quantification and Proximal-to-Distal Distribution Pattern of Tibial Nerve Lesions in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis : Assessment by MR Neurography. Clin Neuroradiol 2022; 33:383-392. [PMID: 36264352 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-022-01219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies suggest an involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we characterize the proximal-to-distal distribution pattern of peripheral nerve lesions in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) by quantitative magnetic resonance neurography (MRN). METHODS A total of 35 patients with RRMS were prospectively included and underwent detailed neurologic and electrophysiologic examinations. Additionally, 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. 3T MRN with anatomical coverage from the proximal thigh down to the tibiotalar joint was conducted using dual-echo 2‑dimensional relaxometry sequences with spectral fat saturation. Quantification of PNS involvement was performed by evaluating microstructural (proton spin density (ρ), T2-relaxation time (T2app)), and morphometric (cross-sectional area, CSA) MRN markers in every axial slice. RESULTS In patients with RRMS, tibial nerve lesions at the thigh and the lower leg were characterized by a decrease in T2app and an increase in ρ compared to controls (T2app thigh: p < 0.0001, T2app lower leg: p = 0.0040; ρ thigh: p < 0.0001; ρ lower leg: p = 0.0098). An additional increase in nerve CSA was only detectable at the thigh, while the semi-quantitative marker T2w-signal was not altered in RRMS in both locations. A slight proximal-to-distal gradient was observed for T2app and T2-signal, but not for ρ. CONCLUSION PNS involvement in RRMS is characterized by a decrease in T2app and an increase in ρ, occurring with proximal predominance at the thigh and the lower leg. Our results indicate microstructural alterations in the extracellular matrix of peripheral nerves in RRMS and may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiologic relevance of PNS involvement.
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Dual-Echo Turbo Spin Echo and 12-Echo Multi Spin Echo Sequences as Equivalent Techniques for Obtaining T2-Relaxometry Data: Application in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis as a Surrogate Disease. Invest Radiol 2022; 57:301-307. [PMID: 34839307 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multi spin echo (MSE) sequences are often used for obtaining T2-relaxometry data as they provide defined echo times (TEs). Due to their time-consuming acquisition, they are frequently replaced by turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences that in turn bear the risk of systematic errors when analyzing small structures or lesions. With this study, we aim to test whether T2-relaxometry data derived from either dual-echo TSE or 12-echo MSE sequences are equivalent for quantifying peripheral nerve lesions. Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis was chosen as a surrogate disease, as it allows the inclusion of both asymptomatic carriers of the underlying variant transthyretin gene (varTTR) and symptomatic ATTRv amyloidosis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 50 participants with genetically confirmed varTTR (20 clinically symptomatic ATTRv amyloidosis; 4 females, 16 males; mean age, 61.8 years; range, 33-76 years; and 30 asymptomatic varTTR-carriers; 18 females, 12 males; mean age, 43.1 years; range, 21-62 years), and 30 healthy volunteers (13 females, 17 males, mean age 41.3 years, range 22-73) were prospectively included and underwent magnetic resonance neurography at 3 T. T2-relaxometry was performed by acquiring an axial 2-dimensional dual-echo TSE sequence with spectral fat saturation (TE1/TE2, 12/73 milliseconds; TR, 5210 milliseconds; acquisition time, 7 minutes, 30 seconds), and an axial 2-dimensional MSE sequence with spectral fat saturation and with 12 different TE (TE1, 10 milliseconds to TE12, 120 milliseconds; ΔTE, 10 milliseconds; TR, 3000 milliseconds; acquisition time, 11 minutes, 23 seconds) at the right mid to lower thigh. Sciatic nerve regions of interest were manually drawn in ImageJ on 10 central slices per participant and sequence, and the apparent T2-relaxation time (T2app) and proton spin density (ρ) were calculated individually from TSE and MSE relaxometry data. RESULTS Linear regression showed that T2app values obtained from the dual-echo TSE (T2appTSE), and those calculated from the 12-echo MSE (T2appMSE) were mathematically connected by a factor of 1.3 throughout all groups (controls: 1.26 ± 0.02; varTTR-carriers: 1.25 ± 0.02; symptomatic ATTRv amyloidosis: 1.28 ± 0.02), whereas a factor of 0.5 was identified between respective ρ values (controls: 0.47 ± 0.01; varTTR-carriers: 0.47 ± 0.01; symptomatic ATTRv amyloidosis: 0.50 ± 0.02). T2app calculated from both TSE and MSE, distinguished between symptomatic ATTRv (T2appTSE 66.38 ± 2.6; T2appMSE 84.6 ± 3.3) and controls (T2appTSE 58.1 ± 1.0, P = 0.0028; T2appMSE 72.8 ± 0.7, P < 0.0001), whereas differences between varTTR-carriers (T2appTSE 61.8 ± 1.5; T2appMSE 76.7 ± 1.3) and ATTRv amyloidosis were observed only for T2appMSE (P = 0.0082). The ρ value differentiated well between healthy controls (ρTSE 365.1 ± 7.2; ρMSE 170.4 ± 3.8) versus varTTR-carriers (ρTSE 415.7 ± 9.8, P = 0.0027; ρMSE 193.7 ± 5.3, P = 0.0398) and versus symptomatic ATTRv amyloidosis (ρTSE 487.8 ± 17.9; ρMSE 244.7 ± 13.1, P < 0.0001, respectively), but also between varTTR-carriers and ATTRv amyloidosis (ρTSEP = 0.0001; ρMSEP < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Dual-echo TSE and 12-echo MSE sequences provide equally robust and reliable T2-relaxometry data when calculating T2app and ρ. Due to their shorter acquisition time and higher resolution, TSE sequences may be preferred in future magnetic resonance imaging protocols. As a secondary result, ρ can be confirmed as a sensitive biomarker to detect early nerve lesions as it differentiated best among healthy controls, asymptomatic varTTR-carriers, and symptomatic ATTRv amyloidosis, whereas T2app might be beneficial in already manifest ATTRv amyloidosis.
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Kollmer J, Weiler M, Sam G, Faber J, Hayes JM, Heiland S, Bendszus M, Wick W, Jacobi H. Quantitative magnetic resonance neurographic characterization of peripheral nerve involvement in manifest and pre‐ataxic spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:1782-1790. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kollmer
- Department of Neuroradiology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Department of Neurology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
| | - Georges Sam
- Department of Neurology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jennifer Faber
- Department of Neurology Bonn University Hospital Bonn Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Bonn Germany
| | - John M. Hayes
- Department of Neurology University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiology Department of Neuroradiology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology German Cancer Research Center/DKTK Heidelberg Germany
| | - Heike Jacobi
- Department of Neurology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
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Kollmer J, Bendszus M. Magnetic Resonance Neurography: Improved Diagnosis of Peripheral Neuropathies. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2368-2383. [PMID: 34859380 PMCID: PMC8804110 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies account for the most frequent disorders seen by neurologists, and causes are manifold. The traditional diagnostic gold-standard consists of clinical neurologic examinations supplemented by nerve conduction studies. Due to well-known limitations of standard diagnostics and atypical clinical presentations, establishing the correct diagnosis can be challenging but is critical for appropriate therapies. Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) is a relatively novel technique that was developed for the high-resolution imaging of the peripheral nervous system. In focal neuropathies, whether traumatic or due to nerve entrapment, MRN has improved the diagnostic accuracy by directly visualizing underlying nerve lesions and providing information on the exact lesion localization, extension, and spatial distribution, thereby assisting surgical planning. Notably, the differentiation between distally located, complete cross-sectional nerve lesions, and more proximally located lesions involving only certain fascicles within a nerve can hold difficulties that MRN can overcome, when basic technical requirements to achieve sufficient spatial resolution are implemented. Typical MRN-specific pitfalls are essential to understand in order to prevent overdiagnosing neuropathies. Heavily T2-weighted sequences with fat saturation are the most established sequences for MRN. Newer techniques, such as T2-relaxometry, magnetization transfer contrast imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging, allow the quantification of nerve lesions and have become increasingly important, especially when evaluating diffuse, non-focal neuropathies. Innovative studies in hereditary, metabolic or inflammatory polyneuropathies, and motor neuron diseases have contributed to a better understanding of the underlying pathomechanism. New imaging biomarkers might be used for an earlier diagnosis and monitoring of structural nerve injury under causative treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kollmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Rother C, Bumb JM, Weiler M, Brault A, Sam G, Hayes JM, Pietsch A, Karimian-Jazi K, Jende JME, Heiland S, Kiefer F, Bendszus M, Kollmer J. Characterization and quantification of alcohol-related polyneuropathy by magnetic resonance neurography. Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:573-582. [PMID: 34564924 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We characterized and quantified peripheral nerve damage in alcohol-dependent patients (ADP) by magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) in correlation with clinical and electrophysiologic findings. METHODS Thirty-one adult patients with a history of excessive alcohol consumption and age-/sex-matched healthy controls were prospectively examined. After detailed neurologic and electrophysiologic testing, the patient group was subdivided into ADP with alcohol-related polyneuropathy (ALN) and without ALN (Non-ALN). 3T MRN with anatomical coverage from the proximal thigh down to the tibiotalar joint was performed using dual-echo 2-dimensional relaxometry sequences with spectral fat saturation. Detailed quantification of nerve injury by morphometric (cross-sectional area [CSA]) and microstructural MRN markers (proton spin density [ρ], apparent T2-relaxation-time [T2app ]) was conducted in all study participants. RESULTS MRN detected nerve damage in ADP with and without ALN. A proximal-to-distal gradient was identified for nerve T2-weighted (T2w)-signal and T2app in ADP, indicating a proximal predominance of nerve lesions. While all MRN markers differentiated significantly between ADP and controls, microstructural markers were able to additionally differentiate between subgroups: tibial nerve ρ at thigh level was increased in ALN (p < 0.0001) and in Non-ALN (p = 0.0052) versus controls, and T2app was higher in ALN versus controls (p < 0.0001) and also in ALN versus Non-ALN (p = 0.0214). T2w-signal and CSA were only higher in ALN versus controls. CONCLUSIONS MRN detects and quantifies peripheral nerve damage in ADP in vivo even in the absence of clinically overt ALN. Microstructural markers (T2app , ρ) are most suitable for differentiating between ADP with and without manifest ALN, and may help to elucidate the underlying pathomechanism in ALN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rother
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Malte Bumb
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Brault
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georges Sam
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John M Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adriana Pietsch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Spital Walenstadt, Walenstadt, Switzerland
| | | | - Johann M E Jende
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kollmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Santín-Márquez R, Ramírez-Cordero B, Toledo-Pérez R, Luna-López A, López-Diazguerrero NE, Hernández-Arciga U, Pérez-Morales M, Ortíz-Retana JJ, García-Servín M, Alcauter S, Hernández-Godínez B, Ibañez-Contreras A, Concha L, Gómez-González B, Königsberg M. Sensory and memory processing in old female and male Wistar rat brain, and its relationship with the cortical and hippocampal redox state. GeroScience 2021; 43:1899-1920. [PMID: 33837484 PMCID: PMC8492817 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is one of the most sensitive organs damaged during aging due to its susceptibility to the aging-related oxidative stress. Hence, in this study, the sensory nerve pathway integrity and the memory were evaluated and related to the redox state, the antioxidant enzymes function, and the protein oxidative damage in the brain cortex (Cx) and the hippocampus (Hc) of young (4-month-old) and old (24-month-old) male and female Wistar rats. Evoked potentials (EP) were performed for the auditory, visual, and somatosensory pathways. In both males and females, the old rat groups' latencies were larger in almost all waves when compared to the young same-sex animals. The novel object test was performed to evaluate memory. The superoxide dismutase and catalase antioxidant activity, as well as the protein oxidative damage, and the redox state were evaluated. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to obtain the diffusion tensor imaging, and the brain volume, while MR spectroscopy was used to obtain the brain metabolite concentrations (glutamine, glutamate, Myo-inositol, N-acetyl-aspartate, creatine) in the Cx and the Hc of young and old females. Our data suggest that, although there are limited variations regarding memory and nerve conduction velocity by sex, the differences concerning the redox status might be important to explain the dissimilar reactions during brain aging between males and females. Moreover, the increment in Myo-inositol levels in the Hc of old rats and the brain volume decrease suggest that redox state alterations might be correlated to neuroinflammation during brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Santín-Márquez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, UAMI, México, México
| | - Belén Ramírez-Cordero
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
| | - Rafael Toledo-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, UAMI, México, México
| | | | - Norma E López-Diazguerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
| | - Ulalume Hernández-Arciga
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
| | - Marcel Pérez-Morales
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
| | - Juan José Ortíz-Retana
- Laboratorio Nacional Enfocado en Imagenología por Resonancia Magnética, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | | | - Sarael Alcauter
- Laboratorio Nacional Enfocado en Imagenología por Resonancia Magnética, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | | | | | - Luis Concha
- Laboratorio Nacional Enfocado en Imagenología por Resonancia Magnética, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Gómez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
| | - Mina Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México.
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De Santis S, Cosa-Linan A, Garcia-Hernandez R, Dmytrenko L, Vargova L, Vorisek I, Stopponi S, Bach P, Kirsch P, Kiefer F, Ciccocioppo R, Sykova E, Moratal D, Sommer WH, Canals S. Chronic alcohol consumption alters extracellular space geometry and transmitter diffusion in the brain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba0154. [PMID: 32637601 PMCID: PMC7314532 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Already moderate alcohol consumption has detrimental long-term effects on brain function. However, how alcohol produces its potent addictive effects despite being a weak reinforcer is a poorly understood conundrum that likely hampers the development of successful interventions to limit heavy drinking. In this translational study, we demonstrate widespread increased mean diffusivity in the brain gray matter of chronically drinking humans and rats. These alterations appear soon after drinking initiation in rats, persist into early abstinence in both species, and are associated with a robust decrease in extracellular space tortuosity explained by a microglial reaction. Mathematical modeling of the diffusivity changes unveils an increased spatial reach of extrasynaptically released transmitters like dopamine that may contribute to alcohol's progressively enhanced addictive potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Santis
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cosa-Linan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Raquel Garcia-Hernandez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
| | - Lesia Dmytrenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lydia Vargova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Vorisek
- Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | | | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Eva Sykova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - David Moratal
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Wolfgang H. Sommer
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
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Kollmer J, Hilgenfeld T, Ziegler A, Saffari A, Sam G, Hayes JM, Pietsch A, Jost M, Heiland S, Bendszus M, Wick W, Weiler M. Quantitative MR neurography biomarkers in 5q-linked spinal muscular atrophy. Neurology 2019; 93:e653-e664. [PMID: 31292223 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and quantify peripheral nerve lesions and muscle degeneration in clinically, genetically, and electrophysiologically well-classified, nonpediatric patients with 5q-linked spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) by high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography (MRN). METHODS Thirty-one adult patients with genetically confirmed 5q-linked SMA types II, IIIa, and IIIb and 31 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were prospectively investigated. All patients received neurologic, physiotherapeutic, and electrophysiologic assessments. MRN at 3.0T with anatomic coverage from the lumbosacral plexus and proximal thigh down to the tibiotalar joint was performed with dual-echo 2D relaxometry sequences with spectral fat saturation and a 3D T2-weighted inversion recovery sequence. Detailed quantification of nerve injury by morphometric and microstructural MRN markers and qualitative classification of fatty muscle degeneration were conducted. RESULTS Established clinical scores and compound muscle action potentials discriminated well between the 3 SMA types. MRN revealed that peroneal and tibial nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) at the thigh and lower leg level as well as spinal nerve CSA were markedly decreased throughout all 3 groups, indicating severe generalized peripheral nerve atrophy. While peroneal and tibial nerve T2 relaxation time was distinctly increased at all analyzed anatomic regions, the proton spin density was clearly decreased. Marked differences in fatty muscle degeneration were found between the 3 groups and for all analyzed compartments. CONCLUSIONS MRN detects and quantifies peripheral nerve involvement in SMA types II, IIIa, and IIIb with high sensitivity in vivo. Quantitative MRN parameters (T2 relaxation time, proton spin density, CSA) might serve as novel imaging biomarkers in SMA to indicate early microstructural nerve tissue changes in response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kollmer
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., T.H., A.P., M.J., S.H., M.B.), Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine (A.Z., A.S.), Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Neurology (G.S., W.W., M.W.), and Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), Division of Experimental Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Faculty (M.J.), University of Tübingen; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (W.W.), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tim Hilgenfeld
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., T.H., A.P., M.J., S.H., M.B.), Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine (A.Z., A.S.), Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Neurology (G.S., W.W., M.W.), and Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), Division of Experimental Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Faculty (M.J.), University of Tübingen; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (W.W.), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., T.H., A.P., M.J., S.H., M.B.), Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine (A.Z., A.S.), Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Neurology (G.S., W.W., M.W.), and Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), Division of Experimental Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Faculty (M.J.), University of Tübingen; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (W.W.), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Afshin Saffari
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., T.H., A.P., M.J., S.H., M.B.), Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine (A.Z., A.S.), Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Neurology (G.S., W.W., M.W.), and Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), Division of Experimental Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Faculty (M.J.), University of Tübingen; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (W.W.), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georges Sam
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., T.H., A.P., M.J., S.H., M.B.), Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine (A.Z., A.S.), Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Neurology (G.S., W.W., M.W.), and Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), Division of Experimental Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Faculty (M.J.), University of Tübingen; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (W.W.), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John M Hayes
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., T.H., A.P., M.J., S.H., M.B.), Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine (A.Z., A.S.), Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Neurology (G.S., W.W., M.W.), and Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), Division of Experimental Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Faculty (M.J.), University of Tübingen; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (W.W.), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Pietsch
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., T.H., A.P., M.J., S.H., M.B.), Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine (A.Z., A.S.), Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Neurology (G.S., W.W., M.W.), and Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), Division of Experimental Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Faculty (M.J.), University of Tübingen; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (W.W.), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Jost
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., T.H., A.P., M.J., S.H., M.B.), Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine (A.Z., A.S.), Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Neurology (G.S., W.W., M.W.), and Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), Division of Experimental Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Faculty (M.J.), University of Tübingen; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (W.W.), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., T.H., A.P., M.J., S.H., M.B.), Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine (A.Z., A.S.), Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Neurology (G.S., W.W., M.W.), and Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), Division of Experimental Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Faculty (M.J.), University of Tübingen; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (W.W.), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., T.H., A.P., M.J., S.H., M.B.), Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine (A.Z., A.S.), Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Neurology (G.S., W.W., M.W.), and Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), Division of Experimental Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Faculty (M.J.), University of Tübingen; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (W.W.), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., T.H., A.P., M.J., S.H., M.B.), Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine (A.Z., A.S.), Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Neurology (G.S., W.W., M.W.), and Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), Division of Experimental Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Faculty (M.J.), University of Tübingen; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (W.W.), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., T.H., A.P., M.J., S.H., M.B.), Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine (A.Z., A.S.), Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Neurology (G.S., W.W., M.W.), and Department of Neuroradiology (S.H.), Division of Experimental Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Faculty (M.J.), University of Tübingen; and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (W.W.), Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Ménard B, Chazalviel L, Roussel S, Bernaudin M, Touzani O. Two-kidney one-clip is a pertinent approach to integrate arterial hypertension in animal models of stroke: Serial magnetic resonance imaging studies of brain lesions before and during cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1769-1780. [PMID: 28617154 PMCID: PMC6168912 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17715813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although chronic arterial hypertension (CAH) represents the major comorbid factor in stroke, it is rarely integrated in preclinical studies of stroke. The majority of those investigations employ spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) which display a susceptibility to ischemic damage independent of hypertension. Here, we used a renovascular model of hypertension (RH) to examine, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), brain alterations during the development of hypertension and after brain ischemia. We also examined whether MRI-derived parameters predict the extent of ischemia-induced brain damage. RH was induced according to the two-kidney one-clip model and multiparametric MRI was performed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after hypertension and also at 10, 50, and 60 min following stroke. Blood pressure values increased progressively and reached a plateau at 6 weeks after RH induction. At 12 weeks, all hypertensive animals displayed spontaneous brain lesions (hemorrhages, deep and cortical lesions, ventricular dilatation), increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the corpus callosum and higher fractional anisotropy in the cortex. Following ischemia, these animals showed larger brain lesions (406 ± 82 vs. 179 ± 36 mm3, p < 0.002) which correlated with ADC values at chronic stage of hypertension. This model of hypertension displays many characteristics of the neuropathology of human CAH. The use of this model in stroke studies is relevant and desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ménard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, CEA, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, Caen, France
| | | | - Simon Roussel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, CEA, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, CEA, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, Caen, France
| | - Omar Touzani
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, CEA, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, Caen, France
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11
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Kollmer J, Weiler M, Purrucker J, Heiland S, Schönland SO, Hund E, Kimmich C, Hayes JM, Hilgenfeld T, Pham M, Bendszus M, Hegenbart U. MR neurography biomarkers to characterize peripheral neuropathy in AL amyloidosis. Neurology 2018; 91:e625-e634. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo detect, localize, and quantify peripheral nerve lesions in amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis by magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) in correlation with clinical and electrophysiologic findings.MethodsWe prospectively examined 20 patients with AL-polyneuropathy (PNP) and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. After detailed neurologic and electrophysiologic testing, the patient group was subdivided into mild and moderate PNP. MRN in a 3.0 tesla scanner with anatomical coverage from the lumbosacral plexus and proximal thigh down to the tibiotalar joint was performed by using T2-weighted and dual-echo 2-dimensional sequences with spectral fat saturation and a 3-dimensional, T2-weighted inversion recovery sequence. Besides evaluation of nerve T2-weighted signal, detailed quantification of nerve injury by morphometric (nerve caliber) and microstructural MRN markers (proton spin density, T2 relaxation time) was conducted.ResultsNerve T2-weighted signal increase correlated with disease severity: moderate (420.2 ± 60.1) vs mild AL-PNP (307.2 ± 17.9; p = 0.0003) vs controls (207.0 ± 6.4; p < 0.0001). Proton spin density was also higher in moderate (tibial: 525.5 ± 53.0; peroneal: 553.6 ± 64.5; sural: 492.0 ± 56.6) and mild AL-PNP (tibial: 431.6 ± 22.0; peroneal: 457.6 ± 21.7; sural: 404.8 ± 25.2) vs controls (tibial: 310.5 ± 14.1; peroneal: 313.6 ± 11.6; sural: 261.7 ± 11.0; p < 0.0001 for all nerves). T2 relaxation time was elevated in moderate AL-PNP only (tibial: p = 0.0106; peroneal: p = 0.0070; sural: p = 0.0190). Tibial nerve caliber was higher in moderate (58.0 ± 8.8 mm3) vs mild AL-PNP (46.5 ± 2.5 mm3; p = 0.008) vs controls (39.1 ± 1.2 mm3; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsMRN detects and quantifies peripheral nerve injury in AL-PNP in vivo with high sensitivity and in close correlation with the clinical stage. Quantitative parameters are feasible new imaging biomarkers for the detection of early AL-PNP and might help to monitor microstructural nerve tissue changes under treatment.
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12
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Jende JME, Hauck GH, Diem R, Weiler M, Heiland S, Wildemann B, Korporal-Kuhnke M, Wick W, Hayes JM, Pfaff J, Pham M, Bendszus M, Kollmer J. Peripheral nerve involvement in multiple sclerosis: Demonstration by magnetic resonance neurography. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:676-685. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johann M. E. Jende
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Gesa H. Hauck
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Radiology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Department of Neurology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Department of Neurology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - John M. Hayes
- Department of Neurology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI
| | - Johannes Pfaff
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mirko Pham
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology; Würzburg University Hospital; Würzburg Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jennifer Kollmer
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
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13
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Cicanic M, Edamatsu M, Bekku Y, Vorisek I, Oohashi T, Vargova L. A deficiency of the link protein Bral2 affects the size of the extracellular space in the thalamus of aged mice. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:313-327. [PMID: 28815777 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bral2 is a link protein stabilizing the binding between lecticans and hyaluronan in perineuronal nets and axonal coats (ACs) in specific brain regions. Using the real-time iontophoretic method and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance, we determined the extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), tortuosity (λ), and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCW ) in the thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and sensorimotor cortex of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (14-20 months) Bral2-deficient (Bral2-/- ) mice and age-matched wild-type (wt) controls. The results were correlated with an analysis of extracellular matrix composition. In the cortex, no changes between wt and Bral2-/- were detected, either in the young or aged mice. In the VPM of aged but not in young Bral2-/- mice, we observed a significant decrease in α and ADCW in comparison with age-matched controls. Bral2 deficiency led to a reduction of both aggrecan- and brevican-associated perineuronal nets and a complete disruption of brevican-based ACs in young as well as aged VPM. Our data suggest that aging is a critical point that reveals the effect of Bral2 deficiency on VPM diffusion. This effect is probably mediated through the enhanced age-related damage of neurons lacking protective ACs, or the exhausting of compensatory mechanisms maintaining unchanged diffusion parameters in young Bral2-/- animals. A decreased ECS volume in aged Bral2-/- mice may influence the diffusion of neuroactive substances, and thus extrasynaptic and also indirectly synaptic transmission in this important nucleus of the somatosensory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Cicanic
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Midori Edamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoko Bekku
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Ivan Vorisek
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Toshitaka Oohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Lydia Vargova
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Kollmer J, Sahm F, Hegenbart U, Purrucker JC, Kimmich C, Schönland SO, Hund E, Heiland S, Hayes JM, Kristen AV, Röcken C, Pham M, Bendszus M, Weiler M. Sural nerve injury in familial amyloid polyneuropathy: MR neurography vs clinicopathologic tools. Neurology 2017; 89:475-484. [PMID: 28679600 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect and quantify lesions of the small-caliber sural nerve (SN) in symptomatic and asymptomatic transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) by high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) in correlation with electrophysiologic and histopathologic findings. METHODS Twenty-five patients with TTR-FAP, 10 asymptomatic carriers of the mutated transthyretin gene (mutTTR), and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were prospectively included in this cross-sectional case-control study. All participants underwent 3T MRN with high-structural resolution (fat-saturated, T2-weighted, and double-echo sequences). Total imaging time was ≈45 minutes per patient. Manual SN segmentation was performed from its origin at the sciatic nerve bifurcation to the lower leg with subsequent evaluation of quantitative microstructural and morphometric parameters. Additional time needed for postprocessing was ≈1.5 hours per participant. Detailed neurologic and electrophysiologic examinations were conducted in the TTR group. RESULTS T2 signal and proton spin density (ρ) reliably differentiated between TTR-FAP (198.0 ± 13.3, 429.6 ± 15.25), mutTTR carriers (137.0 ± 16.9, p = 0.0009; 354.7 ± 21.64, p = 0.0029), and healthy controls (90.0 ± 3.4, 258.2 ± 9.10; p < 0.0001). Marked differences between mutTTR carriers and controls were found for T2 signal (p = 0.0065) and ρ (p < 0.0001). T2 relaxation time was higher in patients with TTR-FAP only (p = 0.015 vs mutTTR carriers, p = 0.0432 vs controls). SN caliber was higher in patients with TTR-FAP vs controls and in mutTTR carriers vs controls (p < 0.0001). Amyloid deposits were histopathologically detectable in 10 of 14 SN specimens. CONCLUSIONS SN injury in TTR-FAP is detectable and quantifiable in vivo by MRN even in asymptomatic mutTTR carriers. Differences in SN T2 signal between controls and asymptomatic mutTTR carriers are derived mainly from an increase of ρ, which overcomes typical limitations of established diagnostic methods as a highly sensitive imaging biomarker for early detection of peripheral nerve lesions. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that MRN accurately identifies asymptomatic mutTTR carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kollmer
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany.
| | - Felix Sahm
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Jan C Purrucker
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Christoph Kimmich
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schönland
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Ernst Hund
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany
| | - John M Hayes
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Arnt V Kristen
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Mirko Pham
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (J.K., S.H., M.P., M.B.), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg (J.K., U.H., J.C.P., C.K., S.O.S., E.H., A.V.K., M.W.), Department of Neuropathology (F.S.), Medical Department V (U.H., C.K., S.O.S.), Department of Neurology (J.C.P., E.H., M.W.), Division of Experimental Radiology (S.H.), Department of Neuroradiology, and Medical Department III (A.V.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology (F.S.), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Pathology (C.R.), University of Kiel; and Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), Würzburg University Hospital, Germany.
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Walker T, Michaelides C, Ekonomou A, Geraki K, Parkes HG, Suessmilch M, Herlihy AH, Crum WR, So PW. Dissociation between iron accumulation and ferritin upregulation in the aged substantia nigra: attenuation by dietary restriction. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:2488-2508. [PMID: 27743512 PMCID: PMC5115902 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite regulation, brain iron increases with aging and may enhance aging processes including neuroinflammation. Increases in magnetic resonance imaging transverse relaxation rates, R2 and R2*, in the brain have been observed during aging. We show R2 and R2* correlate well with iron content via direct correlation to semi-quantitative synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence iron mapping, with age-associated R2 and R2* increases reflecting iron accumulation. Iron accumulation was concomitant with increased ferritin immunoreactivity in basal ganglia regions except in the substantia nigra (SN). The unexpected dissociation of iron accumulation from ferritin-upregulation in the SN suggests iron dyshomeostasis in the SN. Occurring alongside microgliosis and astrogliosis, iron dyshomeotasis may contribute to the particular vulnerability of the SN. Dietary restriction (DR) has long been touted to ameliorate brain aging and we show DR attenuated age-related in vivo R2 increases in the SN over ages 7 - 19 months, concomitant with normal iron-induction of ferritin expression and decreased microgliosis. Iron is known to induce microgliosis and conversely, microgliosis can induce iron accumulation, which of these may be the initial pathological aging event warrants further investigation. We suggest iron chelation therapies and anti-inflammatory treatments may be putative 'anti-brain aging' therapies and combining these strategies may be synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Walker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Michaelides
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antigoni Ekonomou
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kalotina Geraki
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Harold G Parkes
- CR-UK Clinical MR Research Group, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Suessmilch
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - William R Crum
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Po-Wah So
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Febo M, Foster TC. Preclinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Studies of Memory, Aging, and Cognitive Decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:158. [PMID: 27468264 PMCID: PMC4942756 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging provides for non-invasive evaluation of brain structure and activity and has been employed to suggest possible mechanisms for cognitive aging in humans. However, these imaging procedures have limits in terms of defining cellular and molecular mechanisms. In contrast, investigations of cognitive aging in animal models have mostly utilized techniques that have offered insight on synaptic, cellular, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms affecting memory. Studies employing magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI and MRS, respectively) in animal models have emerged as an integrative set of techniques bridging localized cellular/molecular phenomenon and broader in vivo neural network alterations. MRI methods are remarkably suited to longitudinal tracking of cognitive function over extended periods permitting examination of the trajectory of structural or activity related changes. Combined with molecular and electrophysiological tools to selectively drive activity within specific brain regions, recent studies have begun to unlock the meaning of fMRI signals in terms of the role of neural plasticity and types of neural activity that generate the signals. The techniques provide a unique opportunity to causally determine how memory-relevant synaptic activity is processed and how memories may be distributed or reconsolidated over time. The present review summarizes research employing animal MRI and MRS in the study of brain function, structure, and biochemistry, with a particular focus on age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, William L. and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, William L. and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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17
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Length of intact plasma membrane determines the diffusion properties of cellular water. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19051. [PMID: 26750342 PMCID: PMC4707473 DOI: 10.1038/srep19051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular diffusion in a boundary-free medium depends only on the molecular size, the temperature, and medium viscosity. However, the critical determinant of the molecular diffusion property in inhomogeneous biological tissues has not been identified. Here, using an in vitro system and a high-resolution MR imaging technique, we show that the length of the intact plasma membrane is a major determinant of water diffusion in a controlled cellular environment and that the cell perimeter length (CPL) is sufficient to estimate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water in any cellular environment in our experimental system (ADC = -0.21 × CPL + 1.10). We used this finding to further explain the different diffusion kinetics of cells that are dying via apoptotic or non-apoptotic cell death pathways exhibiting characteristic changes in size, nuclear and cytoplasmic architectures, and membrane integrity. These results suggest that the ADC value can be used as a potential biomarker for cell death.
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Zhao F, Yuan J, Lu G, Zhang LH, Chen ZY, Wáng YXJ. T1ρ relaxation time in brain regions increases with ageing: an experimental MRI observation in rats. Br J Radiol 2015; 89:20140704. [PMID: 26529226 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T1ρ variation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to observe T1ρ relaxation time changes in rat brains associated with normal ageing in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertension rats (SHRs). METHODS 18 male SD rats, 11 male WKY rats and 11 male SHRs were used. T1ρ measurement was performed at 3-T MR with a spin-lock frequency of 500 Hz. SD rats were scanned at the ages of 5, 8, 10 and 15 months. SHRs and WKY rats were scanned at the ages of 6, 9 and 12 months. RESULTS For SD rats, T1ρ at the thalamus, hippocampus and frontal cortices increased significantly from 5 to 15 months (p < 0.05). For the WKY rats and SHRs, the T1ρ values in the thalamus, hippocampus and frontal cortices also increased significantly from 6 to 12 months (p < 0.05). Furthermore, T1ρ in the thalamus, hippocampus and frontal cortices of SHRs were consistently higher than those of WKY rats at the ages of 6, 9 and 12 months (p < 0.05). The percentage regional T1ρ differences between WKY rats and SHRs did not change during ageing. CONCLUSION An increase in T1ρ was associated with age-related changes of the rat brain. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE An age-related and hypertension-related T1ρ increase in rat brain regions was observed in the thalamus, hippocampus and frontal cortical regions of the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Yuan
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.,2 Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Lu
- 3 Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Li H Zhang
- 4 School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi Y Chen
- 5 Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yì-Xiáng J Wáng
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Kollmer J, Bendszus M, Pham M. MR Neurography: Diagnostic Imaging in the PNS. Clin Neuroradiol 2015; 25 Suppl 2:283-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00062-015-0412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kollmer J, Hund E, Hornung B, Hegenbart U, Schönland SO, Kimmich C, Kristen AV, Purrucker J, Röcken C, Heiland S, Bendszus M, Pham M. In vivo detection of nerve injury in familial amyloid polyneuropathy by magnetic resonance neurography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 138:549-62. [PMID: 25526974 PMCID: PMC4339768 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
See Morrow and Reilly (doi:10.1093/awu396) for a scientific commentary on this article. Transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy is a rare, autosomal-dominant multisystem disorder. Kollmer et al. show that high-resolution MR-neurography can quantify and localize lower limb nerve injury in vivo, both in symptomatic patients and in asymptomatic mutation carriers. Lesions appear at thigh-level and are predominantly proximal, although symptoms start and prevail distally. Transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy is a rare, autosomal-dominant inherited multisystem disorder usually manifesting with a rapidly progressive, axonal, distally-symmetric polyneuropathy. The detection of nerve injury by nerve conduction studies is limited, due to preferential involvement of small-fibres in early stages. We investigated whether lower limb nerve-injury can be detected, localized and quantified in vivo by high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography. We prospectively included 20 patients (12 male and eight female patients, mean age 47.9 years, range 26–66) with confirmed mutation in the transthyretin gene: 13 with symptomatic polyneuropathy and seven asymptomatic gene carriers. A large age- and sex-matched cohort of healthy volunteers served as controls (20 male and 20 female, mean age 48.1 years, range 30–73). All patients received detailed neurological and electrophysiological examinations and were scored using the Neuropathy Impairment Score–Lower Limbs, Neuropathy Deficit and Neuropathy Symptom Score. Magnetic resonance neurography (3 T) was performed with large longitudinal coverage from proximal thigh to ankle-level and separately for each leg (140 axial slices/leg) by using axial T2-weighted (repetition time/echo time = 5970/55 ms) and dual echo (repetition time 5210 ms, echo times 12 and 73 ms) turbo spin echo 2D sequences with spectral fat saturation. A 3D T2-weighted inversion-recovery sequence (repetition time/echo time 3000/202 ms) was acquired for imaging of the spinal nerves and lumbar plexus (50 axial slice reformations). Precise manual segmentation of the spinal/sciatic/tibial/common peroneal nerves was performed on each slice. Histogram-based normalization of nerve–voxel signal intensities was performed using the age- and sex-matched control group as normative reference. Nerve-voxels were subsequently classified as lesion-voxels if a threshold of >1.2 (normalized signal-intensity) was exceeded. At distal thigh level, where a predominant nerve–lesion–voxel burden was observed, signal quantification was performed by calculating proton spin density and T2-relaxation time as microstructural markers of nerve tissue integrity. The total number of nerve–lesion voxels (cumulated from proximal-to-distal) was significantly higher in symptomatic patients (20 405 ± 1586) versus asymptomatic gene carriers (12 294 ± 3199; P = 0.036) and versus controls (6536 ± 467; P < 0.0001). It was also higher in asymptomatic carriers compared to controls (P = 0.043). The number of nerve–lesion voxels was significantly higher at thigh level compared to more distal levels (lower leg/ankle) of the lower extremities (f-value = 279.22, P < 0.0001). Further signal-quantification at this proximal site (thigh level) revealed a significant increase of proton-density (P < 0.0001) and T2-relaxation-time (P = 0.0011) in symptomatic patients, whereas asymptomatic gene-carriers presented with a significant increase of proton-density only. Lower limb nerve injury could be detected and quantified in vivo on microstructural level by magnetic resonance neurography in symptomatic familial amyloid polyneuropathy, and also in yet asymptomatic gene carriers, in whom imaging detection precedes clinical and electrophysiological manifestation. Although symptoms start and prevail distally, the focus of predominant nerve injury and injury progression was found proximally at thigh level with strong and unambiguous lesion-contrast. Imaging of proximal nerve lesions, which are difficult to detect by nerve conduction studies, may have future implications also for other distally-symmetric polyneuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kollmer
- 1 Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 2 Amyloidosis Centre Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ernst Hund
- 2 Amyloidosis Centre Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 3 Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hornung
- 1 Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- 2 Amyloidosis Centre Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 4 Medical Department V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schönland
- 2 Amyloidosis Centre Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 4 Medical Department V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kimmich
- 2 Amyloidosis Centre Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 4 Medical Department V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arnt V Kristen
- 2 Amyloidosis Centre Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 5 Medical Department III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Purrucker
- 2 Amyloidosis Centre Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 3 Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- 6 Department of Pathology, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- 1 Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 7 Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- 1 Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Pham
- 1 Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 2 Amyloidosis Centre Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Goodnough CL, Gao Y, Li X, Qutaish MQ, Goodnough LH, Molter J, Wilson D, Flask CA, Yu X. Lack of dystrophin results in abnormal cerebral diffusion and perfusion in vivo. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:809-16. [PMID: 25213753 PMCID: PMC4320943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin, the main component of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex, plays an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of cells. It is also involved in the formation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). To elucidate the impact of dystrophin disruption in vivo, we characterized changes in cerebral perfusion and diffusion in dystrophin-deficient mice (mdx) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Arterial spin labeling (ASL) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) studies were performed on 2-month-old and 10-month-old mdx mice and their age-matched wild-type controls (WT). The imaging results were correlated with Evan's blue extravasation and vascular density studies. The results show that dystrophin disruption significantly decreased the mean cerebral diffusivity in both 2-month-old (7.38± 0.30 × 10−4mm2/s) and 10-month-old (6.93 ± 0.53 × 10−4 mm2/s) mdx mice as compared to WT (8.49±0.24×10−4, 8.24±0.25× 10−4mm2/s, respectively). There was also an 18% decrease in cerebral perfusion in 10-month-old mdx mice as compared to WT, which was associated with enhanced arteriogenesis. The reduction in water diffusivity in mdx mice is likely due to an increase in cerebral edema or the existence of large molecules in the extracellular space from a leaky BBB. The observation of decreased perfusion in the setting of enhanced arteriogenesis may be caused by an increase of intracranial pressure from cerebral edema. This study demonstrates the defects in water handling at the BBB and consequently, abnormal perfusion associated with the absence of dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida L Goodnough
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mohammed Q Qutaish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - L Henry Goodnough
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Joseph Molter
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chris A Flask
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Longitudinal MR imaging study in the prediction of ischemic susceptibility after cerebral hypoperfusion in rats: Influence of aging and hypertension. Neuroscience 2014; 257:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Plaschke K, Frauenknecht K, Sommer C, Heiland S. A single systemic transient hypotension induces long-term changes in rats' MRI parameters and behavior: relation to aging. Neurol Res 2013; 31:304-12. [DOI: 10.1179/174313209x385653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Gaillard F, Karten HJ, Sauvé Y. Retinorecipient areas in the diurnal murine rodentArvicanthis niloticus: A disproportionally large superior colliculus. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:1699-726. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Thompson SJ, Bushnell MC. Rodent functional and anatomical imaging of pain. Neurosci Lett 2012; 520:131-9. [PMID: 22445887 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human brain imaging has provided much information about pain processing and pain modulation, but brain imaging in rodents can provide information not attainable in human studies. First, the short lifespan of rats and mice, as well as the ability to have homogenous genetics and environments, allows for longitudinal studies of the effects of chronic pain on the brain. Second, brain imaging in animals allows for the testing of central actions of novel pharmacological and nonpharmacological analgesics before they can be tested in humans. The two most commonly used brain imaging methods in rodents are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). MRI provides better spatial and temporal resolution than PET, but PET allows for the imaging of neurotransmitters and non-neuronal cells, such as astrocytes, in addition to functional imaging. One problem with rodent brain imaging involves methods for keeping the subject still in the scanner. Both anesthetic agents and restraint techniques have potential confounds. Some PET methods allow for tracer uptake before the animal is anesthetized, but imaging a moving animal also has potential confounds. Despite the challenges associated with the various techniques, the 31 studies using either functional MRI or PET to image pain processing in rodents have yielded surprisingly consistent results, with brain regions commonly activated in human pain imaging studies (somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex, thalamus) also being activated in the majority of these studies. Pharmacological imaging in rodents shows overlapping activation patterns with pain and opiate analgesics, similar to what is found in humans. Despite the many structural imaging studies in human chronic pain patients, only one study has been performed in rodents, but that study confirmed human findings of decreased cortical thickness associated with chronic pain. Future directions in rodent pain imaging include miniaturized PET for the freely moving animal, as well as new MRI techniques that enable ongoing chronic pain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Thompson
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T5, Canada
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Cowley TR, O'Sullivan J, Blau C, Deighan BF, Jones R, Kerskens C, Richardson JC, Virley D, Upton N, Lynch MA. Rosiglitazone attenuates the age-related changes in astrocytosis and the deficit in LTP. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:162-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kallur T, Farr TD, Böhm-Sturm P, Kokaia Z, Hoehn M. Spatio-temporal dynamics, differentiation and viability of human neural stem cells after implantation into neonatal rat brain. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 34:382-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Quantitative proton MRI and MRS of the rat brain with a 3T clinical MR scanner. J Neuroradiol 2011; 38:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lee TH, Liu HL, Yang ST, Yang JT, Yeh MY, Lin JR. Effects of aging and hypertension on cerebral ischemic susceptibility: Evidenced by MR diffusion–perfusion study in rat. Exp Neurol 2011; 227:314-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Beynon C, Sun L, Marti HH, Heiland S, Veltkamp R. Delayed hyperbaric oxygenation is more effective than early prolonged normobaric hyperoxia in experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Lett 2007; 425:141-5. [PMID: 17850964 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbaric (HBO) and normobaric (NBO) oxygen therapy have been shown to be neuroprotective in focal cerebral ischemia. In previous comparative studies, NBO appeared to be less effective than HBO. However, the experimental protocols did not account for important advantages of NBO in the clinical setting such as earlier initiation and prolonged administration. Therefore, we compared the effects of early prolonged NBO to delayed HBO on infarct size and functional outcome. We also examined whether combining NBO and HBO is of additional benefit. Wistar rats underwent filament-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 150 min. Animals breathed either air, 100% O(2) at ambient pressure (NBO; initiated 30 min after MCAO) 100% O(2) at 3 atm absolute (HBO; initiated 90 min after MCAO), or a sequence of NBO and HBO. Infarct volumes and neurological outcome (Garcia score) were examined 7d after MCAO. HBO (174+/-65 mm(3)) significantly reduced mean infarct volume by 31% compared to air (251+/-59 mm(3)) and by 23% compared to NBO treated animals (225+/-63 mm(3)). In contrast, NBO failed to decrease infarct volume significantly. Treatment with NBO+HBO (185+/-101 mm(3)) added no additional benefit to HBO alone. Neurological deficit was significantly smaller in HBO treated animals (Garcia score: 13.3+/-1.2) than in animals treated with air (12.1+/-1.4), but did not differ significantly from NBO (12.4+/-0.9) and NBO+HBO (12.8+/-1.1). In conclusion, HBO is a more effective therapy than NBO in transient experimental ischemia even when accounting for delayed treatment-onset of HBO. The combination of NBO and HBO results in no additional benefit.
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Méndez-Andino JL, Colson AO, Meyers KM, Mitchell MC, Hodge K, Howard JM, Kim N, Ackley DC, Holbert JK, Mittelstadt SW, Dowty ME, Obringer CM, Suchanek P, Reizes O, Hu XE, Wos JA. The efficacy and cardiac evaluation of aminomethyl tetrahydronaphthalene ketopiperazines: a novel class of potent MCH-R1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 15:2092-105. [PMID: 17236777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 11/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological studies of a novel class of MCH-R1 antagonists based on an aminotetrahydronaphthalene ketopiperazine scaffold is described. Compounds within this class promoted significant body weight reduction in mouse diet induced obesity studies. The potential for hERG blockage activity and QT interval studies in anesthetized dogs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Méndez-Andino
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45039, USA.
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Plaschke K, Feindt J, Djuric Z, Heiland S, Autschbach F, Lewicka S, Martin E, Bardenheuer HJ, Nawroth PP, Bierhaus A. Chronic corticosterone-induced deterioration in rat behaviour is not paralleled by changes in hippocampal NF-kappaB-activation. Stress 2006; 9:97-106. [PMID: 16895833 DOI: 10.1080/10253890600691551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether long-lasting stress induced by chronic glucocorticoid (GC) exposure affects activation of brain NF-kappaB and whether these changes are related to functional deterioration and structural changes in the rat hippocampus. Psychometric investigations were conducted using a holeboard test system in 28 one-year-old male Wistar rats. Thereafter, rats were divided into three groups for daily administration of 10 mg corticosterone (treatment) or sesame oil (placebo = sham control for effects of the vehicle) for 60 days. Additional control rats did not receive any treatment or handling until the end of the experiment. Behavioural and cognitive changes were tested again in the holeboard system. Rat body weights and corticosterone concentrations in plasma, hippocampus and urine were determined and adrenal glands were investigated histopathologically. Hippocampal concentrations of corticosterone, NF-kappaB and I-kappaBalpha were determined using RIA, EMSA and Western blotting techniques, respectively. Structural changes in rat hippocampus were measured using magnetic resonance imaging techniques. High peripheral corticosterone concentrations after chronic treatment led to significant reductions in rat body weight. Significant atrophy of both adrenal glands with marked histological deterioration was detected. Furthermore, an increase in hippocampal corticosterone concentrations was observed after chronic administration. Chronic corticosterone treatment also significantly altered behaviour and working and reference memory capacity without changing hippocampal structure. Daily injections of sesame oil in the placebo group, however, were also sufficient to reduce the pellet-finding time. However, neither in the corticosterone group nor in the placebo group were behavioural changes paralleled by significant changes in brain NF-kappaB activation and I-kappaBalpha expression. Thus, cognitive alterations in rats seen after chronic corticosterone exposure are not paralleled by hippocampal NF-kappaB modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Plaschke
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Veltkamp R, Bieber K, Wagner S, Beynon C, Siebing DA, Veltkamp C, Schwaninger M, Marti HH. Hyperbaric oxygen reduces basal lamina degradation after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res 2006; 1076:231-7. [PMID: 16480689 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 01/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been shown to preserve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier after cerebral ischemia. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are currently unknown. We examined the effect of HBO on postischemic expression of the basal laminar component laminin-5 and on plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP) levels. Wistar rats underwent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 2 h. With a delay of 45 min after filament introduction, animals breathed either 100% O2 at 1.0 atmosphere absolute (ata; NBO) or at 3.0 ata (HBO) for 1 h in an HBO chamber. Laminin-5 expression was quantified on immunohistochemical sections after 24 h of reperfusion. Plasma MMP-9 levels were measured using gelatin zymography before MCAO as well as 0, 6 and 24 h after reperfusion. Immunohistochemistry 24 h after ischemia revealed a decrease of vascular laminin-5 staining in the ischemic striatum to 43 +/- 26% of the contralateral hemisphere in the NBO group which was significantly attenuated to 73 +/- 31% in the HBO group. Densitometric analysis of zymography bands yielded significantly larger plasma MMP-9 levels in the NBO group compared to the HBO group 24 h after ischemia. In conclusion, HBO therapy attenuates ischemic degradation of cerebral microvascular laminin-5 and blocks postischemic plasma MMP-9 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Veltkamp
- Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Rau PR, Sellner J, Heiland S, Plaschke K, Schellinger PD, Meyding-Lamadé UK, Lamadé WR. Apparent diffusion coefficient in the aging mouse brain: A magnetic resonance imaging study. Life Sci 2006; 78:1175-80. [PMID: 16213530 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel magnetic resonance imaging sequences have and still continue to play an increasing role in neuroimaging and neuroscience. Among these techniques, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of diseases such as stroke, neoplastic disease and inflammation. However, the effects of aging on diffusion are yet to be determined. To establish reference values for future experimental mouse studies we tested the hypothesis that absolute apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of the normal brain change with age. A total of 41 healthy mice were examined by T2-weighted imaging and DWI. For each animal ADC frequency histograms (i) of the whole brain were calculated on a voxel-by-voxel basis and region-of-interest (ROI) measurements (ii) performed and related to the animals' age. The mean entire brain ADC of mice <3 months was 0.715(+/-0.016) x 10(-3) mm2/s, no significant difference to mice aged 4 to 5 months (0.736(+/-0.040) x 10(-3) mm2/s) or animals older than 9 months 0.736(+/-0.020) x 10(-3) mm2/s. Mean whole brain ADCs showed a trend towards lower values with aging but both methods (i + ii) did not reveal a significant correlation with age. ROI measurements in predefined areas: 0.723(+/-0.057) x 10(-3) mm2/s in the parietal lobe, 0.659(+/-0.037) x 10(-3) mm2/s in the striatum and 0.679(+/-0.056) x 10(-3) mm2/s in the temporal lobe. With advancing age, we observed minimal diffusion changes in the whole mouse brain as well as in three ROIs by determination of ADCs. According to our data ADCs remain nearly constant during the aging process of the brain with a small but statistically non-significant trend towards a decreased diffusion in older animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp R Rau
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Neurology, INF 400-Kopfklinik, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Plaschke K, Bardenheuer HJ, Martin E, Sartor K, Heiland S. Evolution of apparent diffusion coefficient and transverse relaxation time (T2) in the subchronic stage of global cerebral oligemia in different rat models. Exp Brain Res 2005; 169:361-8. [PMID: 16328309 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-005-0146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Using magnetic resonance imaging techniques, we examined the time course of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T2, and T2* relaxation times in 1-year-old rats after different forms of cerebral oligemia had been induced by (1) transient systemic hypotension, (2) permanent bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), and (3) combined hypotension and BCCAO over a time period of 14 days after the oligemic event. These groups were compared with a group of sham-operated adult rats (controls, 4) to rule out a drift of the parameters over time. The animals were examined in a 2.35 T scanner. ADC, T2, and T2* were measured in both hemispheres of rat parietotemporal cerebral cortex, thalamic nuclei, and hippocampus 1 day before as well as on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after sham operation and in different models of oligemia, respectively. Hypotension alone had no significant effect on MRI parameters in rat brain. After BCCAO, an increase in T2* was observed. If a permanent BCCAO was combined with transient hypotension, however, 84% of 1-year-old animals died within 14 days after surgery. In the surviving animals, significant changes in ADC, T2, and T2* were observed in the hippocampus and parietotemporal cerebral cortex. ADC showed a decrease on day 1 after oligemia, and an increase on days 3, 7, and 14. The T2* and T2 values were markedly increased on days 7 and 14 after surgery. In conclusion, only severe oligemia combining BCCAO and hypotension induces significant changes in tissue integrity (as shown by ADC) and in blood oxygenation levels in the subchronic period, whereas no significant changes were detected if permanent BCCAO or transient hypotension was applied separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Plaschke
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 , Heidelberg, Germany.
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Veltkamp R, Siebing DA, Sun L, Heiland S, Bieber K, Marti HH, Nagel S, Schwab S, Schwaninger M. Hyperbaric oxygen reduces blood-brain barrier damage and edema after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 2005; 36:1679-83. [PMID: 16020761 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000173408.94728.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been shown to protect the brain parenchyma against transient focal cerebral ischemia, but its effects on the ischemic microcirculation are largely unknown. We examined the potential of HBO to reduce postischemic blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and edema. METHODS Wistar rats and C57/BL6 mice underwent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 2 hours. Forty minutes after filament introduction, animals breathed either 100% O2 at 3.0 atmospheres absolute (ata; HBO group) or at 1.0 ata (control) for 1 hour in an HBO chamber. In rats, MRI was performed 15 minutes after MCAO and after 15 minutes and 3, 6, 24, and 72 hours of reperfusion. In mice, BBB permeability for sodium fluorescein was measured after 24-hour reperfusion. RESULTS Increased BBB permeability on postcontrast T1-weighted (T1w) images had a biphasic pattern. HBO reduced volumes and intensity of enhancement. Mean abnormal enhancing volumes were 71+/-10 mm3 (control) versus 47+/-10 mm3 (HBO) at 15 minutes; 111+/-21 mm3 versus 69+/-17 mm3 3 hours; 147+/-44 mm3 versus 83+/-21 mm3 6 hours; 150+/-37 mm3 versus 89+/-14 mm3 24 hours; and 322+/-52 mm3 versus 215+/-21 mm3 72 hours (all P<0.05). Interhemispheric quotients of mean gray values on T1w were at 1.73+/-0.11 versus 1.57+/-0.07 15 minutes; 1.74+/-0.07 versus 1.60+/-0.06 at 3 hours; 1.77+/-0.07 versus 1.62+/-0.06 at 6 hours; 1.79+/-0.10 versus 1.60+/-0.05 at 24 hours; and 1.81+/-0.10 versus 1.62+/-0.07 at 72 hours (all P<0.05). HBO-treated mice had significantly lower postischemic BBB permeability than mice treated with either normobaric hyperoxia or room air. Vasogenic edema assessed on T2w images and histologic sections was significantly lower in HBO-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Intraischemic HBO therapy reduces early and delayed postischemic BBB damage and edema after focal ischemia in rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Veltkamp
- Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Veltkamp R, Siebing DA, Heiland S, Schoenffeldt-Varas P, Veltkamp C, Schwaninger M, Schwab S. Hyperbaric oxygen induces rapid protection against focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2005; 1037:134-8. [PMID: 15777761 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 01/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The timing and mechanisms of protection by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in cerebral ischemia have only been partially elucidated. We monitored the early in vivo effects of HBO after 2 h transient focal ischemia using repetitive MRI. METHODS Wistar rats underwent filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). 40 min after MCAO, rats were placed in a HBO chamber and breathed either 100% O(2) at 3.0 atmospheres absolute (ata; n = 24) or at 1.0 ata (control; n = 24) for 1 h. Diffusion, perfusion and T2-weighted MR-images were obtained after 15 min and 3, 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. In 6 axial MR slices, volume of abnormal diffusion and T2w signals were measured in the ischemic hemisphere. Furthermore, hemispheric mean apparent diffusion coefficient- (ADC) and T2 values were calculated for statistical analysis. RESULTS HBO significantly reduced volume of abnormal DWI signal beginning immediately after reperfusion (control: 92 +/- 28 mm(3); HBO: 64 +/- 17) and lesion size on T2w (control: 375 +/- 91 mm(3); HBO: 225 +/- 39) after 24 h. Correspondingly, mean ADC levels were lower and T2 values higher in the ischemic hemisphere in the control group. HBO reduced histological infarct size at 24 h. CONCLUSION High-dose intraischemic HBO therapy has an immediate protective on the brain which is superior to normobaric oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Veltkamp
- Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Canese R, Lorenzini P, Fortuna S, Volpe MT, Giannini M, Podo F, Michalek H. Age-dependent MRI-detected lesions at early stages of transient global ischemia in rat brain. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2004; 17:109-16. [PMID: 15614516 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-004-0072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Revised: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 09/28/2004] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although ischemic stroke has higher incidence and severity in aged than in young humans, the age factor is generally neglected in ischemia animal models. This study was aimed at comparing age-dependent effects at early stages of transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) in rats. TGCI was induced in two groups of rats (3-6 and 20-24 months old, respectively) by exposure to 15% oxygen and 15 min occlusion of the two common carotid arteries. Brains were analysed in vivo by MRI-apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 maps--at 1-3 h post-TGCI and in vitro by histochemical examination of triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-stained slices. At 1-3 h post-TGCI, a higher incidence of lesions was found in aged than in young rats especially in the hippocampus and cortex (occipital plus parietal) but not in the thalamus. The lesioned regions showed lower ADC values in aged than in younger rats. The most substantial ADC decreases were associated with enhanced spin-spin relaxation and lower TTC staining. The different responses of the two age groups support the use of aged animals for investigations on different ischemia models. Our model of brain ischemia appears appropriate for further studies including drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Canese
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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