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Miziak B, Błaszczyk B, Chrościńska-Krawczyk M, Czuczwar SJ. Caffeine and Its Interactions with Antiseizure Medications-Is There a Correlation between Preclinical and Clinical Data? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17569. [PMID: 38139396 PMCID: PMC10744211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies reveal that caffeine (trimethylxanthine) at subconvulsive doses, distinctly reduced the anticonvulsant activity of numerous antiseizure medications (ASMs) in rodents, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine and lamotrigine being the exceptions. Clinical data based on low numbers of patients support the experimental results by showing that caffeine (ingested in high quantities) may sharply increase seizure frequency, considerably reducing the quality of patients' lives. In contrast, this obviously negative activity of caffeine was not found in clinical studies involving much higher numbers of patients. ASMs vulnerable to caffeine in experimental models of seizures encompass carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproate, gabapentin, levetiracetam, pregabalin and topiramate. An inhibition of R-calcium channels by lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine may account for their resistance to the trimethylxanthine. This assumption, however, is complicated by the fact that topiramate also seems to be a blocker of R-calcium channels. A question arises why large clinical studies failed to confirm the results of experimental and case-report studies. A possibility exists that the proportion of patients taking ASMs resistant to caffeine may be significant and such patients may be sufficiently protected against the negative activity of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Miziak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Błaszczyk
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lipinski University, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
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2
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Pan PY, Cortese S, Bölte S. Rejoinder to commentary by Drs. Boaz Musafia and Gilad Rosenberg. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4286-4287. [PMID: 37727993 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Pan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences & Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sven Bölte
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
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3
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Tomanic M, Paunovic K, Lackovic M, Djurdjevic K, Nestorovic M, Jakovljevic A, Markovic M. Energy Drinks and Sleep among Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183813. [PMID: 36145187 PMCID: PMC9502542 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many adolescents worldwide have the problem of meeting recommended nightly sleep hours. The causes of sleep disturbance are multifactorial, but interest in food’s effect on sleep has dramatically increased lately. In this study, we investigated the association between regular energy drink (ED) intake (weekly or more frequent) and sufficient sleep (SS) (≥8 h) in adolescents. Additional objectives were to examine the relationship between health-related behaviors and SS, stratified by gender. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted during the 2019/2020 school year from 12 schools in Belgrade. There were 1287 students aged 15 to 19 who participated (37.4% male). We used a modified version of the food frequency questionnaire adapted for Serbian adolescents. Logistic regression revealed that regular ED consumption was an independent risk factor negatively related to SS in both sexes. Additionally, daily vegetable and water intake (≥2 L) showed a positive correlation with SS in boys, while in girls, the odds of realizing SS decreased with statements of sedative use. In conclusion, we show that ED intake is negatively associated with SS in both sexes; daily vegetable and water intake (≥2 L) may raise the odds of SS in boys, while sedative use may decrease the chances of SS in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tomanic
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarina Paunovic
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Lackovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Djurdjevic
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Nestorovic
- Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Jakovljevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Markovic
- Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr Laza Lazarevic”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Too Jittery to Sleep? Temporal Associations of Actigraphic Sleep and Caffeine in Adolescents. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010031. [PMID: 35010906 PMCID: PMC8746933 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine consumption has been linked to poor sleep health in adolescents, but it is unknown whether poor sleep predicts caffeine consumption, and/or whether caffeine consumption predicts poor sleep, particularly when sleep is measured objectively. Data were collected from a micro-longitudinal sub-study of the age 15 wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 589). Adolescents wore an actigraphy device and completed daily surveys for ~1 week. Daily surveys assessed subjective sleep quality and caffeinated beverage consumption (0 = no caffeine, 1 = any caffeine). Separate mixed models assessed whether actigraphy-measured sleep duration, timing, maintenance efficiency, and subjective quality predicted next-day caffeinated beverage consumption within and between adolescents. Variability (standard deviation) of sleep duration and timing, sleep regularity index, and social jetlag were tested as additional between-person predictors. Lagged models tested whether daily caffeinated beverage consumption predicted sleep that night (n = 458). Adolescents with more variable sleep duration and midpoint had higher average odds of consuming caffeinated beverages compared to others. After adolescents consumed ≥1 caffeinated beverage, they had later sleep onset that night and wake time the next morning than usual versus when they did not consume caffeine. Curbing caffeinated beverage consumption may aid in the maintenance of regular sleep schedules and advance sleep timing in adolescents.
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Owolabi JO, Adefule KA, Shallie PD, Fabiyi OS, Olatunji SY, Olanrewaju JA, Ajibade TP, Oyewumi S, Ogunnaike PO. Experimental study of pre- and postnatal caffeine exposure and its observable effects on selected neurotransmitters and behavioural attributes at puberty : Caffeine exposure and its observable effects on selected neurotranmitters and behaviour. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2029-2046. [PMID: 34460045 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is globally consumed as a stimulant in beverages. It is also ingested in purified forms as power and tablets. Concerns have been raised about the potential consequences of intrauterine and early life caffeine exposure on brain health. This study modeled caffeine exposure during pregnancy and early postanal life until puberty, and the potential consequences. Caffeine powder was dissolved in distilled water. Thirty-two (n = 32) pregnant mice (Mus musculus) (dams) were divided into four groups- A, B, C and D. Group A animals served as a control, receiving placebo. Caffeine doses in mg/kg body weight were administered as follows: Group B, 10 mg/kg; Group C, 50 mg/kg; Group D, 120 mg/kg. Prenatal caffeine exposure [phase I] lasted throughout pregnancy. Half the number of offspring (pups) were sacrificed at birth; the rest were recruited into phase II and the experiment continued till day 35, marking puberty. Brain samples were processed following sacrifice. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine (ACh), and serotonin (5Ht) neurotransmitters were assayed in homogenates to evaluate functional neurochemistry. Anxiety and memory as neurobehavioural attributes were observed using the elevated plus and Barnes' mazes respectively. Continuous caffeine exposure produced positive effects on short and long-term memory parameters; the pattern interestingly was irregular and appeared more effective with the lowest experimental dose. Anxiety test results showed no attributable significant aberrations. Caffeine exposure persistently altered the neurochemistry of selected neurotransmitters including ACh and 5Ht, including when exposure lasted only during pregnancy. ACh significantly increased in group BC+ to 0.3475μgg-1 relative to control's 0.2508μgg-1; pre-and continuous postnatal exposure in Group B increased 5Ht to 0.2203 μgg-1 and 0.2213 μgg-1 respectively relative to control's 0.1863 μgg-1. From the current investigation, caffeine exposure in pregnancy had persistent effects on brain functional attributes including neurotransmitters activities, memory and anxiety. Caffeine in moderate doses affected memory positively but produced negative effects at the higher dosage including increased anxiety tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O Owolabi
- Department of Anatomy, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
- Department of Anatomy, Univerity of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Kehinde A Adefule
- Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
| | - Philemon D Shallie
- Department of Anatomy, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
| | - Oluseyi S Fabiyi
- Department of Anatomy, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Samson Oyewumi
- Department of Anatomy, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
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Ultraprocessed Food: Addictive, Toxic, and Ready for Regulation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113401. [PMID: 33167515 PMCID: PMC7694501 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Past public health crises (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, opioids, cholera, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lead, pollution, venereal disease, even coronavirus (COVID-19) have been met with interventions targeted both at the individual and all of society. While the healthcare community is very aware that the global pandemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has its origins in our Western ultraprocessed food diet, society has been slow to initiate any interventions other than public education, which has been ineffective, in part due to food industry interference. This article provides the rationale for such public health interventions, by compiling the evidence that added sugar, and by proxy the ultraprocessed food category, meets the four criteria set by the public health community as necessary and sufficient for regulation—abuse, toxicity, ubiquity, and externalities (How does your consumption affect me?). To their credit, some countries have recently heeded this science and have instituted sugar taxation policies to help ameliorate NCDs within their borders. This article also supplies scientific counters to food industry talking points, and sample intervention strategies, in order to guide both scientists and policy makers in instituting further appropriate public health measures to quell this pandemic.
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Sweeney MM, Weaver DC, Vincent KB, Arria AM, Griffiths RR. Prevalence and Correlates of Caffeine Use Disorder Symptoms Among a United States Sample. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2020; 10:4-11. [PMID: 32181442 PMCID: PMC7071067 DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The DSM-5 recognizes caffeine use disorder as a condition for further study, but there is a need to better understand its prevalence and clinical significance among the general population. Methods: A survey was conducted among an online sample of 1006 caffeine-consuming adults using demographic quotas to reflect the U.S. population. Caffeine consumption, DSM-proposed criteria for caffeine use disorder, sleep, substance use, and psychological distress were assessed. Results: Eight percent of the sample fulfilled DSM-proposed criteria for caffeine use disorder. These individuals consumed more caffeine, were younger, and were more likely to be cigarette smokers. Fulfilling caffeine use disorder criteria was associated with caffeine-related functional impairment, poorer sleep, some substance use, as well as greater depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions: The prevalence of caffeine use disorder among the present sample suggests that the proposed diagnostic criteria would identify only a modest percentage of the general population, and that identified individuals experience significant caffeine-related distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Sweeney
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Darian C Weaver
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathryn B Vincent
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Amelia M Arria
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Roland R Griffiths
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Pucci S, Pereira MG. The Moderator Role of Caffeine Intake in Adolescents’ Sleep and Health Behaviors. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2018.1561573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kim JS, Kim K, Seo Y. Associations Between Korean Adolescents' Energy Drink Consumption and Suicidal Ideation and Attempts. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2018; 32:331-336. [PMID: 29784210 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined associations between caffeinated energy drink consumption patterns and (1) participant characteristics and health-risk behaviors and (2) suicidal ideation and attempts in Korean adolescents. METHODS Participants included 8961 adolescents who consumed the drinks more than once weekly. Data were analyzed via logistic regression. RESULTS Rates of suicidal ideation and attempts in participants who consumed the drinks more than once daily were higher relative to those for participants who consumed the drinks 3-6 and 1-2 times weekly. CONCLUSIONS Further research is required to establish causality in these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Kim
- Professor, Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-Gu, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Kim
- Professor, Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-Gu, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Seo
- Graduate Student, Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-Gu, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Troxel WM, Tucker JS, Ewing B, Miles JN, D’Amico EJ. Sleepy Teens and Energy Drink Use: Results From an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Youth. Behav Sleep Med 2018; 16:223-234. [PMID: 27322869 PMCID: PMC5173439 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2016.1188390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the association between use of energy drinks or products (EP), EP expectancies, and the association between EP use and sleep in a racially and ethnically diverse sample (N = 2,485) of adolescents. Prevalence of EP use was approximately 18%, with no statistically significant racial or ethnic differences in prevalence. There were significant racial and ethnic differences in EP expectancies; Hispanic and Multiracial or Other groups endorsed less positive expectancies than Whites and Asians. EP use was significantly associated with later weekend bedtimes, shorter weekend total sleep time (TST), a smaller weekend-weekday difference in TST, and more trouble sleeping, even after adjusting for covariates. There were no significant race or ethnicity interactions between EP use and sleep. EP use is an independent correlate of sleep problems in adolescents across racial or ethnic groups.
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11
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Soliman AM, Fathalla AM, Moustafa AA. Adenosine role in brain functions: Pathophysiological influence on Parkinson's disease and other brain disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:661-667. [PMID: 29909246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although adenosine plays a key role in multiple motor, affective, and cognitive processes, it has received less attention in the neuroscience field compared to other neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine). In this review, we highlight the role of adenosine in behavior as well as its interaction with other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine. We also discuss brain disorders impacted by alterations to adenosine, and how targeting adenosine can ameliorate Parkinson's disease motor symptoms. We also discuss the role of caffeine (as an adenosine antagonist) on cognition as well as a neuroprotective agent against Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Fathalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA; School of Social Sciences and Psychology and Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abstract
Psychiatrists rarely enquire about caffeine intake when assessing patients. This may lead to a failure to identify caffeine-related problems and offer appropriate interventions. Excessive caffeine ingestion leads to symptoms that overlap with those of many psychiatric disorders. Caffeine is implicated in the exacerbation of anxiety and sleep disorders, and people with eating disorders often misuse it. It antagonises adenosine receptors, which may potentiate dopaminergic activity and exacerbate psychosis. In psychiatric in-patients, caffeine has been found to increase anxiety, hostility and psychotic symptoms. Assessment of caffeine intake should form part of routine psychiatric assessment and should be carried out before prescribing hypnotics. Gradual reduction in intake or gradual substitution with caffeine-free alternatives is probably preferable to abrupt cessation. Decaffeinated beverages should be provided on psychiatric wards.
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Lipton RB, Diener HC, Robbins MS, Garas SY, Patel K. Caffeine in the management of patients with headache. J Headache Pain 2017; 18:107. [PMID: 29067618 PMCID: PMC5655397 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-017-0806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeinated headache medications, either alone or in combination with other treatments, are widely used by patients with headache. Clinicians should be familiar with their use as well as the chemistry, pharmacology, dietary and medical sources, clinical benefits, and potential safety issues of caffeine. In this review, we consider the role of caffeine in the over-the-counter treatment of headache. The MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched by combining “caffeine” with the terms “headache,” “migraine,” and “tension-type.” Studies that were not placebo-controlled or that involved medications available only with a prescription, as well as those not assessing patients with migraine and/or tension-type headache (TTH), were excluded. Compared with analgesic medication alone, combinations of caffeine with analgesic medications, including acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, and ibuprofen, showed significantly improved efficacy in the treatment of patients with TTH or migraine, with favorable tolerability in the vast majority of patients. The most common adverse events were nervousness (6.5%), nausea (4.3%), abdominal pain/discomfort (4.1%), and dizziness (3.2%). This review provides evidence for the role of caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant in the acute treatment of primary headache with over-the-counter drugs, caffeine doses of 130 mg enhance the efficacy of analgesics in TTH and doses of ≥100 mg enhance benefits in migraine. Additional studies are needed to assess the relationship between caffeine dosing and clinical benefits in patients with TTH and migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Lipton
- Montefiore Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Louis and Dora Rousso Building, 1165 Morris Park Avenue, Room 332, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | | | - Matthew S Robbins
- Montefiore Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Louis and Dora Rousso Building, 1165 Morris Park Avenue, Room 332, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | | | - Ketu Patel
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, NJ, USA
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Harstad E, Sideridis G, Sherritt L, Shrier LA, Ziemnik R, Levy S. Concurrent Validity of Caffeine Problems and Diagnostic Criteria for Substance Use Disorders. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2016; 6:141-147. [PMID: 28078168 DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2016.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: The DSM-5 proposes caffeine use disorder (CUD) as a condition for further study. The objective of this study was to report on the prevalence of CUD and rates of endorsement for each substance use disorder (SUD) criterion in relation to caffeine compared to alcohol and marijuana in a sample of adolescents presenting for medical care in the primary, adolescent, and substance use clinics at an academic medical center. Methods: A convenience sample of patients (N = 213; 66.7% female) aged 12-17 presenting for medical care completed the Composite Diagnostic Interview-Substance Abuse Module questionnaire, with questions regarding use of caffeine, alcohol, and marijuana. Descriptive analyses were used to determine prevalence of CUD and frequency of each endorsed SUD criterion as applied to caffeine versus alcohol or marijuana. Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) were used to determine psychometric properties for CUD. Results: The majority of subjects (N = 153) reported past 30-day caffeine use and of these, six (4%) met criteria for CUD. All six also met criteria for either alcohol and/or marijuana use disorders. Of the three essential CUD criteria (failure to quit, use despite harm, and withdrawal), both harm and withdrawal were endorsed significantly more often in relation to caffeine versus alcohol. Descriptive fit indices for the CUD model were excellent (CFI = 0.994, TLI = 0.991). Conclusions: In our sample, the proportion of adolescents that met proposed CUD criteria was low, suggesting that the proposed criteria would not lead to overdiagnosis of CUD. CUD was highly correlated with other SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Harstad
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Georgios Sideridis
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lon Sherritt
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lydia A Shrier
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rosemary Ziemnik
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sharon Levy
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Iyer PS, Yelisetti R, Miriyala V, Siddiqui W, Kaji A. A remarkable case of rhabdomyolysis associated with ingestion of energy drink 'neon volt'. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2016; 6:32528. [PMID: 27802855 PMCID: PMC5089151 DOI: 10.3402/jchimp.v6.32528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is defined as a syndrome characterized by muscle necrosis and the release of intracellular muscle constituents into the circulation. We present a case of a 35-year-old male who exercised for 2 h after ingesting energy drink and subsequently presented with rhabdomyolysis. After excluding common and uncommon causes of rhabdomyolysis, we reached the conclusion that the likely cause was the ingestion of energy drink ‘NEON VOLT’ in a setting of mild dehydration. Increasing physical activity and intense exercise is becoming a trend in many countries, due to its many health-related benefits such as prevention of obesity. This renewed focus toward optimal fitness has spawned many supplements that aid in improvement of the performance, muscle growth, and recovery. Energy drinks predominantly contain caffeine that is often combined with other supplements to form what manufacturers have termed an ‘energy blend’. Studies have shown that excessive caffeine intake from energy drinks can cause arrhythmias, hypertension, dehydration, sleeplessness, nervousness, and in rare instances, rhabdomyolysis. As per Drug Abuse Warning Network report, there is a sharp increase in the number of emergency department visits involving energy drinks from 1,128 visits in 2005 to 16,053 and 13,114 visits in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Due to emergence of energy drink abuse as a national health problem, Food and Drug Administration has launched a dietary supplement adverse event reporting system for surveillance of any adverse events linked to these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneet S Iyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Francis Medical Center, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ;
| | - Rishitha Yelisetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Francis Medical Center, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ
| | - Varun Miriyala
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Francis Medical Center, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ
| | - Waqas Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Francis Medical Center, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ
| | - Anand Kaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Francis Medical Center, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ
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Amador A, Huitron-Resendiz S, Roberts AJ, Kamenecka TM, Solt LA, Burris TP. Pharmacological Targeting the REV-ERBs in Sleep/Wake Regulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162452. [PMID: 27603791 PMCID: PMC5014418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock maintains appropriate timing for a wide range of behaviors and physiological processes. Circadian behaviors such as sleep and wakefulness are intrinsically dependent on the precise oscillation of the endogenous molecular machinery that regulates the circadian clock. The identical core clock machinery regulates myriad endocrine and metabolic functions providing a link between sleep and metabolic health. The REV-ERBs (REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ) are nuclear receptors that are key regulators of the molecular clock and have been successfully targeted using small molecule ligands. Recent studies in mice suggest that REV-ERB-specific synthetic agonists modulate metabolic activity as well as alter sleep architecture, inducing wakefulness during the light period. Therefore, these small molecules represent unique tools to extensively study REV-ERB regulation of sleep and wakefulness. In these studies, our aim was to further investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting the REV-ERBs for regulation of sleep by characterizing efficacy, and optimal dosing time of the REV-ERB agonist SR9009 using electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Applying different experimental paradigms in mice, our studies establish that SR9009 does not lose efficacy when administered more than once a day, nor does tolerance develop when administered once a day over a three-day dosing regimen. Moreover, through use of a time response paradigm, we determined that although there is an optimal time for administration of SR9009 in terms of maximal efficacy, there is a 12-hour window in which SR9009 elicited a response. Our studies indicate that the REV-ERBs are potential therapeutic targets for treating sleep problems as those encountered as a consequence of shift work or jet lag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Amador
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, 34583, United States of America
| | - Salvador Huitron-Resendiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, United States of America
| | - Amanda J. Roberts
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, United States of America
| | - Theodore M. Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, 34583, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Solt
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, 34583, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Burris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63104, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chrościńska-Krawczyk M, Jargiełło-Baszak M, Andres-Mach M, Łuszczki JJ, Czuczwar SJ. Influence of caffeine on the protective activity of gabapentin and topiramate in a mouse model of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:680-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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McGregor TJ, Batis JC. A Novel Method for Assessing Caffeine Dependence. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2015.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery C. Batis
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Kokomo, Kokomo, Indiana
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Turnbull D, Rodricks JV, Mariano GF. Neurobehavioral hazard identification and characterization for caffeine. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 74:81-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Cappelletti S, Piacentino D, Daria P, Sani G, Aromatario M. Caffeine: cognitive and physical performance enhancer or psychoactive drug? Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:71-88. [PMID: 26074744 PMCID: PMC4462044 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666141210215655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine use is increasing worldwide. The underlying motivations are mainly concentration
and memory enhancement and physical performance improvement. Coffee and caffeine-containing
products affect the cardiovascular system, with their positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and
the central nervous system, with their locomotor activity stimulation and anxiogenic-like effects.
Thus, it is of interest to examine whether these effects could be detrimental for health. Furthermore,
caffeine abuse and dependence are becoming more and more common and can lead to caffeine
intoxication, which puts individuals at risk for premature and unnatural death. The present review summarizes the main
findings concerning caffeine’s mechanisms of action (focusing on adenosine antagonism, intracellular calcium
mobilization, and phosphodiesterases inhibition), use, abuse, dependence, intoxication, and lethal effects. It also suggests
that the concepts of toxic and lethal doses are relative, since doses below the toxic and/or lethal range may play a causal
role in intoxication or death. This could be due to caffeine’s interaction with other substances or to the individuals' preexisting
metabolism alterations or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cappelletti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Piacentino Daria
- NESMOS (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs) Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- NESMOS (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs) Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Aromatario
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Magnezi R, Bergman LC, Grinvald-Fogel H, Cohen HA. A survey of energy drink and alcohol mixed with energy drink consumption. Isr J Health Policy Res 2015; 4:55. [PMID: 26629327 PMCID: PMC4665319 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-015-0052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Energy drink consumption among youth is increasing despite recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics to eliminate consumption by youth. This study provides information on consumption of energy drinks and alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) in a sample of Israeli youth and how consumer knowledge about the risks affects consumption rates. Methods The study was conducted in three Tel Aviv public schools, with a total enrollment of 1,253 students in grades 8 through 12. Among them, 802 students completed a 49-item questionnaire about energy drink and AmED consumption, for a 64 % response rate Non-responders included 451 students who were absent or refused to participate. All students in the same school were administered the questionnaire on the same day. Results Energy drinks are popular among youth (84.2 % have ever drunk). More tenth through twelfth grade students consumed energy drinks than eighth and ninth grade students. Students who began drinking in elementary school (36.8 %) are at elevated risk for current energy drink (P < .001) and AmED (P = .002) use. Knowledge about amounts consumed and recommended allowances is associated with less consumption (OR 1.925; 95 %CI 1.18–3.14). Discussion The association between current AmED consumption and drinking ED at a young age is important. Boys and those who start drinking early have a greater risk of both ED and AmED consumption. The characteristics of early drinkers can help increase awareness of potential at-risk youth, such as junior and senior high school students with less educated or single parents. Conclusions Risks posed by early use on later energy drink and AmED consumption are concerning. We suggest that parents should limit accessibility. Increased knowledge about acceptable and actual amounts of caffeine in a single product might decrease consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheli Magnezi
- Public Health and Health Systems Management Program, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lisa Carroll Bergman
- Public Health and Health Systems Management Program, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Haya Grinvald-Fogel
- Public Health and Health Systems Management Program, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Herman Avner Cohen
- Pediatric Ambulatory Community Clinic, Clalit Health Services, Petach Tikva, Israel ; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Evatt DP, Juliano LM, Griffiths RR. A brief manualized treatment for problematic caffeine use: A randomized control trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 2015; 84:113-21. [PMID: 26501499 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present investigation was to develop and test a brief therapist-guided manualized treatment for problematic caffeine use, including cognitive-behavioral strategies and 5 weeks of progressively decreased consumption. METHOD Individuals seeking treatment for problematic caffeine use (mean daily caffeine consumption of 666 mg at baseline) were randomized using a waitlist-control design to receive immediate treatment (N = 33) or delayed treatment (∼6 weeks later; N = 34). A 1-hr treatment session designed to help individuals quit or reduce caffeine consumption was provided by a trained counselor along with a take-home booklet. After the treatment session, participants completed daily diaries of caffeine consumption for 5 weeks. They returned for follow-up assessments at 6, 12, and 26 weeks and had a telephone interview at 52-weeks posttreatment. RESULTS Treatment resulted in a significant reduction in self-reported caffeine use and salivary caffeine levels. No significant posttreatment increases in caffeine use were observed for up to 1 year follow-up. Comparisons to the waitlist-control condition revealed that reductions in caffeine consumption were due to treatment and not the passing of time, with a treatment effect size of R² = .35 for the model. CONCLUSION A brief 1-session manualized intervention with follow-up was efficacious at reducing caffeine consumption. Future researchers should replicate and extend these findings, as well as consider factors affecting dissemination of treatment for problematic caffeine use to those in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Evatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Roland R Griffiths
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ. Caffeine's influence on object recognition and working-memory in prepubertal mice and its modulation by gender. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:223-30. [PMID: 26419431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injection of caffeine on Y-maze working-memory and novel object recognition (NOR) in prepubertal mice. METHODOLOGY Y-maze spontaneous alternation and a novel object recognition test (consisting of acclimation, acquisition and test phases) were performed. Mice received a single dose of caffeine (10, 20, 40, 80 and 120mgkg(-1) i.p.) or vehicle, 30min before Y-maze exploration. For the NOR test, caffeine was given 30min before training and another dose 30min before test phase. RESULTS NOR time (acquisition phase) increased significantly in males at all doses of caffeine and decreased in females at 10, 20 and 40mg/kg compared to vehicle; during the test phase, novel object exploration time decreased significantly in males and increased in females at 10 and 20mg/kg only to decrease again at 120mg/kg. Recognition index decreased in males and increased in females while, males showed poor discrimination between novel and familiar objects compared to vehicle; while females showed increased discrimination between novel and familiar object at 10, 20,40 and 80mg/kg and a decrease at 120mg/kg. Y-maze spontaneous alternation improved significantly in males at 10 and 40mg/kg and decreased at 20 and 120mg/kg in females. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that acute caffeine injection improves non-spatial memory retention in female mice but not in males; spatial working-memory is however improved in males but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Poleszak E, Szopa A, Wyska E, Wośko S, Serefko A, Wlaź A, Pieróg M, Wróbel A, Wlaź P. The influence of caffeine on the activity of moclobemide, venlafaxine, bupropion and milnacipran in the forced swim test in mice. Life Sci 2015; 136:13-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hine JF, Grimes LM, Labaton RS, Kennedy AE, Warzak WJ. Methodological Considerations in Caffeine Research and Depression: A Review of Recent Trends from the Psychological Literature. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2014.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey F. Hine
- Department of Psychology, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - L. Michelle Grimes
- Department of Psychology, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Rachel S. Labaton
- Department of Psychology, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Abigail E. Kennedy
- Department of Psychology, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - William J. Warzak
- Department of Psychology, Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Owens JA, Mindell J, Baylor A. Effect of energy drink and caffeinated beverage consumption on sleep, mood, and performance in children and adolescents. Nutr Rev 2015; 72 Suppl 1:65-71. [PMID: 25293545 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of highly caffeinated beverages, including energy drinks, in the United States has resulted in a rise in consumption by children and adolescents. In addition, there is mounting evidence that these products are often consumed by youth for their perceived fatigue-mitigating and mood- or performance-enhancing effects. Although such perceptions by children and adolescents about the potential consequences of caffeine consumption are highly likely to influence decision making regarding the use of such products, there is still a relative paucity of studies that focus on the effect of caffeinated beverages on sleep, mood, and performance in the pediatric population. This review summarizes the following aspects of this topic, as derived from the information currently available: 1) the perception, among youth, of caffeine's risks and benefits and the sources of information about caffeine, particularly with regard to sleep, mood, and performance; 2) the bidirectional effect of caffeine on sleep in children and adolescents and the association of caffeine with other sleep-related practices, and 3) the evidence that supports caffeine as a performance and mood enhancer as well as a countermeasure to sleepiness in the pediatric population. Finally, gaps in knowledge are identified, and a direction for future research is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Owens
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Miyake ER, Marmorstein NR. Energy drink consumption and later alcohol use among early adolescents. Addict Behav 2015; 43:60-5. [PMID: 25576951 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the association between energy drink and other substance use in early adolescence despite the fact that the consumption of energy drinks during this developmental period is becoming increasingly common. The aim of this study was to examine concurrent and longitudinal associations between energy drink and alcohol use among middle school students. In addition, sensation seeking and parental monitoring were examined as factors that could potentially explain any associations found. METHODS A sample of 144 youth participating in the Camden Youth Development Study was utilized. Self-report questionnaire data was collected over a 16-month period. RESULTS Frequency of energy drink use at the initial assessment predicted increases in frequency of alcohol use 16 months later (adjusting for initial frequency of alcohol use). Levels of parental monitoring partially accounted for this association; in contrast, there was no evidence that sensation seeking was related to this association. CONCLUSION Youth who consume energy drinks in early adolescence are at risk for alcohol use later; this may be partially related to low levels of parental monitoring being associated with the consumption of both substances. Future research is needed to further explain this association; this may lead to opportunities for early intervention for youth at high risk for alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa R Miyake
- Rutgers University, Camden Department of Psychology, 311 North 5th Street, Camden, NJ 08102, USA.
| | - Naomi R Marmorstein
- Rutgers University, Camden Department of Psychology, 311 North 5th Street, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
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Concentration- and age-dependent effects of chronic caffeine on contextual fear conditioning in C57BL/6J mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 298:69-77. [PMID: 25827925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic caffeine exerts negligible effects on learning and memory in normal adults, but it is unknown whether this is also true for children and adolescents. The hippocampus, a brain region important for learning and memory, undergoes extensive structural and functional modifications during pre-adolescence and adolescence. As a result, chronic caffeine may have differential effects on hippocampus-dependent learning in pre-adolescents and adolescents compared with adults. Here, we characterized the effects of chronic caffeine and withdrawal from chronic caffeine on hippocampus-dependent (contextual) and hippocampus-independent (cued) fear conditioning in pre-adolescent, adolescent, and adult mice. The results indicate that chronic exposure to caffeine during pre-adolescence and adolescence enhances or impairs contextual conditioning depending on concentration, yet has no effect on cued conditioning. In contrast, withdrawal from chronic caffeine impairs contextual conditioning in pre-adolescent mice only. No changes in learning were seen for adult mice for either the chronic caffeine or withdrawal conditions. These findings support the hypothesis that chronic exposure to caffeine during pre-adolescence and adolescence can alter learning and memory and as changes were only seen in hippocampus-dependent learning, which suggests that the developing hippocampus may be sensitive to the effects of caffeine.
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Emond JA, Sargent JD, Gilbert-Diamond D. Patterns of energy drink advertising over US television networks. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 47:120-6.e1. [PMID: 25754297 PMCID: PMC4356017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe programming themes and the inclusion of adolescents in the base audience for television channels with high levels of energy drink advertising airtime. DESIGN Secondary analysis of energy drink advertising airtime over US network and cable television channels (n = 139) from March, 2012 to February, 2013. Programming themes and the inclusion of adolescents in each channel's base audience were extracted from cable television trade reports. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Energy drink advertising airtime. ANALYSIS Channels were ranked by airtime; programming themes and the inclusion of adolescents in the base audience were summarized for the 10 channels with the most airtime. RESULTS Over the study year, 36,501 minutes (608 hours) were devoted to energy drink advertisements; the top 10 channels accounted for 46.5% of such airtime. Programming themes for the top 10 channels were music (n = 3), sports (n = 3), action-adventure lifestyle (n = 2), African American lifestyle (n = 1), and comedy (n = 1). MTV2 ranked first in airtime devoted to energy drink advertisements. Six of the 10 channels with the most airtime included adolescents aged 12-17 years in their base audience. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Energy drink manufacturers primarily advertise on channels that likely appeal to adolescents. Nutritionists may wish to consider energy drink media literacy when advising adolescents about energy drink consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Emond
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.
| | - James D Sargent
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
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Abstract
While data accumulate and discussion evolves on the clinical importance of caffeine addiction and its classification, the growing practices of (i) adding increasing amounts of caffeine to drinks and other consumables, (ii) promoting these as performance enhancers and (iii) targeting youth as the consumer raise concerns that require immediate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Budney
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Abstract
Chronic sleep loss and associated sleepiness and daytime impairments in adolescence are a serious threat to the academic success, health, and safety of our nation's youth and an important public health issue. Understanding the extent and potential short- and long-term repercussions of sleep restriction, as well as the unhealthy sleep practices and environmental factors that contribute to sleep loss in adolescents, is key in setting public policies to mitigate these effects and in counseling patients and families in the clinical setting. This report reviews the current literature on sleep patterns in adolescents, factors contributing to chronic sleep loss (ie, electronic media use, caffeine consumption), and health-related consequences, such as depression, increased obesity risk, and higher rates of drowsy driving accidents. The report also discusses the potential role of later school start times as a means of reducing adolescent sleepiness.
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Ioannidis K, Chamberlain SR, Müller U. Ostracising caffeine from the pharmacological arsenal for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder--was this a correct decision? A literature review. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:830-6. [PMID: 24989644 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114541014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the most widespread psychotropic substances in the world. It exerts multiple effects on the brain including adenosine receptor antagonism, and thereby has been found to modulate aspects of cognition, including attention, in animal models and in healthy human volunteers. This review considers what is known of the effects of caffeine on symptoms and cognitive functions in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a prototypical disorder of cognitive dysfunction. We consider the merits of investigating further caffeine's therapeutic potential as a monotherapy or as an adjunctive agent in ADHD. The potential benefits of re-opening a dialogue regarding the use of caffeine in ADHD clinical practice are highlighted, along with potential implications for the use of adenosine receptor antagonists in ADHD and other disorders characterised by cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Kale PP, Addepalli V. Augmentation of antidepressant effects of duloxetine and bupropion by caffeine in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:238-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Review of the energy drink literature from 2013: findings continue to support most risk from mixing with alcohol. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2014; 27:263-8. [PMID: 24852059 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the field of caffeine research, interest in and concern for energy drink consumption have grown. Most caffeine-related research studies published in 2013 focused on energy drink consumption. This article reviews this literature. RECENT FINDINGS Prevalence of energy drink consumption varies by measure and age group. Lack of a standardized definition of use inhibits comparison across studies. Studies reviewed show that energy drink consumption is generally low, but the minority who drink the most may be consuming at unsafe levels. Energy drinks are popular among adolescents and young adults. They boost energy and alertness in some conditions, but may have adverse hemodynamic effects. Harmful consequences, including involvement in risky driving, riding with an intoxicated driver and being taken advantage of sexually, were reported significantly more often by adolescents and young adults who combined energy drinks with alcohol compared with those who did not. SUMMARY This review of recent literature focused on prevalence, motivation, and consequences of energy drink use. Clear findings emerged only on the dangers of mixing alcohol and energy drinks. The lack of a standardized measure made the comparison across studies difficult. Future research should extend and clarify these findings using standardized measures of use.
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Chrościńska-Krawczyk M, Radzik I, Miziak B, Czuczwar SJ. Safety considerations for patients with epilepsy taking antiepileptic drugs alongside caffeine or other methylxanthine derivatives. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:981-9. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.920822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Trapp GSA, Allen K, O'Sullivan TA, Robinson M, Jacoby P, Oddy WH. Energy drink consumption is associated with anxiety in Australian young adult males. Depress Anxiety 2014; 31:420-8. [PMID: 24019267 DOI: 10.1002/da.22175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy drinks are predominantly targeted to young adult consumers; however, there has been limited research into their effects on psychological functioning in this demographic group. This study examined cross-sectional associations between energy drink consumption and mental health in a population-based sample of young adults participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. METHODS We used self-report questionnaires to assess energy drink consumption and mental health (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21; DASS-21) at the 20-year cohort follow-up. In the regression analyses, we considered associations between energy drink consumption (mL/day) and continuous DASS-21 scores, adjusting for sociodemographic variables, alcohol and drug use, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and dietary intake. Our sample included 502 males and 567 females (mean age 20 ± 3 years). RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounding factors and controlling for coexisting mental health problems, energy drink consumption (per 100 mL/day) was significantly associated with anxiety (but not depression or stress), and this relationship was found only in males (β = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.58). CONCLUSIONS Our study found that energy drink consumption was associated with increased anxiety in young adult males. Further research into the possible contribution of energy drink use to the development of mental health problems in young adults is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina S A Trapp
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
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Terry-McElrath YM, OʼMalley PM, Johnston LD. Energy drinks, soft drinks, and substance use among United States secondary school students. J Addict Med 2014; 8:6-13. [PMID: 24481080 PMCID: PMC3910223 DOI: 10.1097/01.adm.0000435322.07020.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine energy drink/shot and regular and diet soft drink use among United States secondary school students in 2010-2011, and associations between such use and substance use. METHODS We used self-reported data from cross-sectional surveys of nationally representative samples of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students and conducted multivariate analyses examining associations between beverage and substance use, controlling for individual and school characteristics. RESULTS Approximately 30% of students reported consuming energy drinks or shots; more than 40% reported daily regular soft drink use, and about 20% reported daily diet soft drink use. Beverage consumption was strongly and positively associated with past 30-day alcohol, cigarette, and illicit drug use. The observed associations between energy drinks and substance use were significantly stronger than those between regular or diet soft drinks and substance use. CONCLUSIONS This correlational study indicates that adolescent consumption of energy drinks/shots is widespread and that energy drink users report heightened risk for substance use. This study does not establish causation between the behaviors. Education for parents and prevention efforts among adolescents should include education on the masking effects of caffeine in energy drinks on alcohol- and other substance-related impairments, and recognition that some groups (such as high sensation-seeking youth) may be particularly likely to consume energy drinks and to be substance users.
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Ruxton CHS. The suitability of caffeinated drinks for children: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials, observational studies and expert panel guidelines. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 27:342-57. [PMID: 25099503 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased availability of caffeinated drinks raises questions about the level of caffeine that is appropriate for children, as well as the benefits and risks associated with their consumption. METHODS Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, this systematic review evaluates evidence from randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of caffeine on cognition, behaviour, mood and exercise performance in children. Observational studies and expert panel guidelines are also discussed. RESULTS One hundred and nine studies were found, with 11 randomised controlled trials and 13 observational studies meeting the criteria. High caffeine intakes (e.g. >5 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1)) were associated with an increased risk of anxiety and withdrawal symptoms. However, smaller amounts were not linked with such effects and may benefit cognitive function and sports performance based on adult studies. The evidence suggests that children and adolescents should limit daily caffeine consumption to 2.5 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1), equating to one or two cups of tea or one small cup of coffee. Lower contributors of caffeine, such as tea, may be more appropriate for children because they contribute to daily fluid intakes and provide flavonoids. By contrast, caffeinated soft drinks may be less suitable options for children as a result of their acidity, higher caffeine content, presence of added sugar (in some cases) and absence of bioactive compounds. CONCLUSIONS More studies are needed to determine the intakes that represent a risk and whether there may be benefits for alertness and sports performance with moderate intakes of caffeine.
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Meredith SE, Juliano LM, Hughes JR, Griffiths RR. Caffeine Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review and Research Agenda. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2013; 3:114-130. [PMID: 24761279 DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2013.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is the most commonly used drug in the world. Although consumption of low to moderate doses of caffeine is generally safe, an increasing number of clinical studies are showing that some caffeine users become dependent on the drug and are unable to reduce consumption despite knowledge of recurrent health problems associated with continued use. Thus, the World Health Organization and some health care professionals recognize caffeine dependence as a clinical disorder. In this comprehensive literature review, we summarize published research on the biological evidence for caffeine dependence; we provide a systematic review of the prevalence of caffeine dependence and rates of endorsement of clinically meaningful indicators of distress and functional impairment among habitual caffeine users; we discuss the diagnostic criteria for Caffeine Use Disorder-a condition for further study included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.); and we outline a research agenda to help guide future clinical, epidemiological, and genetic investigations of caffeine dependence. Numerous controlled laboratory investigations reviewed in this article show that caffeine produces behavioral and physiological effects similar to other drugs of dependence. Moreover, several recent clinical studies indicate that caffeine dependence is a clinically meaningful disorder that affects a nontrivial proportion of caffeine users. Nevertheless, more research is needed to determine the reliability, validity, and prevalence of this clinically important health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Meredith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura M Juliano
- Department of Psychology, American University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - John R Hughes
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont. ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Roland R Griffiths
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland. ; Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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Franklin KM, Hauser SR, Bell RL, Engleman EA. Caffeinated Alcoholic Beverages - An Emerging Trend in Alcohol Abuse. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION RESEARCH & THERAPY 2013; Suppl 4. [PMID: 25419478 PMCID: PMC4238293 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.s4-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders are pervasive in society and their impact affects quality of life, morbidity and mortality, as well as individual productivity. Alcohol has detrimental effects on an individual’s physiology and nervous system, and is associated with disorders of many organ and endocrine systems impacting an individual’s health, behavior, and ability to interact with others. Youth are particularly affected. Unfortunately, adolescent usage also increases the probability for a progression to dependence. Several areas of research indicate that the deleterious effects of alcohol abuse may be exacerbated by mixing caffeine with alcohol. Some behavioral evidence suggests that caffeine increases alcohol drinking and binge drinking episodes, which in turn can foster the development of alcohol dependence. As a relatively new public health concern, the epidemiological focus has been to establish a need for investigating the effects of caffeinated alcohol. While the trend of co-consuming these substances is growing, knowledge of the central mechanisms associated with caffeinated ethanol has been lacking. Research suggests that caffeine and ethanol can have additive or synergistic pharmacological actions and neuroadaptations, with the adenosine and dopamine systems in particular implicated. However, the limited literature on the central effects of caffeinated ethanol provides an impetus to increase our knowledge of the neuroadaptive effects of this combination and their impact on cognition and behavior. Research from our laboratories indicates that an established rodent animal model of alcoholism can be extended to investigate the acute and chronic effects of caffeinated ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelle M Franklin
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sheketha R Hauser
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Richard L Bell
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Eric A Engleman
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Hasin DS, O’Brien CP, Auriacombe M, Borges G, Bucholz K, Budney A, Compton WM, Crowley T, Ling W, Petry NM, Schuckit M, Grant BF. DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: recommendations and rationale. Am J Psychiatry 2013; 170:834-51. [PMID: 23903334 PMCID: PMC3767415 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 798] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since DSM-IV was published in 1994, its approach to substance use disorders has come under scrutiny. Strengths were identified (notably, reliability and validity of dependence), but concerns have also arisen. The DSM-5 Substance-Related Disorders Work Group considered these issues and recommended revisions for DSM-5. General concerns included whether to retain the division into two main disorders (dependence and abuse), whether substance use disorder criteria should be added or removed, and whether an appropriate substance use disorder severity indicator could be identified. Specific issues included possible addition of withdrawal syndromes for several substances, alignment of nicotine criteria with those for other substances, addition of biomarkers, and inclusion of nonsubstance, behavioral addictions.This article presents the major issues and evidence considered by the work group, which included literature reviews and extensive new data analyses. The work group recommendations for DSM-5 revisions included combining abuse and dependence criteria into a single substance use disorder based on consistent findings from over 200,000 study participants, dropping legal problems and adding craving as criteria, adding cannabis and caffeine withdrawal syndromes, aligning tobacco use disorder criteria with other substance use disorders, and moving gambling disorders to the chapter formerly reserved for substance-related disorders. The proposed changes overcome many problems, while further studies will be needed to address issues for which less data were available.
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A comparison of the associations of caffeine and cigarette use with depressive and ADHD symptoms in a sample of young adult smokers. J Addict Med 2013; 4:52-4. [PMID: 21359163 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0b013e3181b508ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, and marijuana use in young adult smokers METHODS Young adult smokers completed self-report measures of nicotine, caffeine, alcohol and marijuana use, Conner's Adult ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) Rating Scale-Short Version (CAARS-SS), Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI), and provided a breath carbon monoxide (CO) sample. RESULTS Self-reported cigarette use was positively correlated with carbon monoxide, CAARS-SS and the BDI levels. Caffeine intake was correlated with CAARS-SS, BAI and BDI levels and emerged as the more significant predictor of BDI, BAI and CAARS-SS scores when regressed with cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine use is associated with psychiatric symptoms in young adult cigarette smokers and should be considered in future research.
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Aluqmany R, Mansoor R, Saad U, Abdullah R, Ahamd A. Consumption of energy drinks among female secondary school students, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2011. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Blankson KL, Thompson AM, Ahrendt DM, Patrick V. Energy drinks: what teenagers (and their doctors) should know. Pediatr Rev 2013; 34:55-62. [PMID: 23378613 DOI: 10.1542/pir.34-2-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW 'Energy drinks', 'energy shots' and other energy products have exploded in popularity in the past several years; however, their use is not without risk. Caffeine is the main active ingredient in energy drinks, and excessive consumption may acutely cause caffeine intoxication, resulting in tachycardia, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death. The effects of chronic high-dose caffeine intake in children and adolescents are unknown. Caffeine may raise blood pressure, disrupt adolescent sleep patterns, exacerbate psychiatric disease, cause physiologic dependence, and increase the risk of subsequent addiction. RECENT FINDINGS Coingestion of caffeine and ethanol has been associated with increased risk-taking behaviors, harm to adolescent users, impaired driving, and increased use of other illicit substances. The toxicity of ingredients often present in energy drinks, such as taurine, niacin, and pyridoxine, is less well defined. Recent and significant literature describing adverse events associated with energy drink use are reviewed. SUMMARY Although prior studies have examined the effects of caffeine in adolescents, energy drinks should be considered a novel exposure. The high doses of caffeine, often in combination with ingredients with unknown safety profiles, mandates urgent research on the safety of energy drink use in children and adolescents. Regulation of pediatric energy drink use may be a necessary step once the health effects are further characterized.
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Anderson BL, Juliano LM. Behavior, Sleep, and Problematic Caffeine Consumption in a College-Aged Sample. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2012.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Britta L. Anderson
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC
- Department of Research, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, DC
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Benko CR, Farias AC, Farias LG, Pereira EF, Louzada FM, Cordeiro ML. Potential link between caffeine consumption and pediatric depression: A case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2011; 11:73. [PMID: 21867528 PMCID: PMC3180267 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-11-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset depressive disorders can have severe consequences both from developmental and functional aspects. The etiology of depressive disorders is complex and multi-factorial, with an intricate interaction among environmental factors and genetic predisposition. While data from studies on adults suggest that caffeine is fairly safe, effects of caffeine in children, who are in period of rapid brain development, are currently unknown. Furthermore, systematic research addressing the relationship between depressive symptoms in children and caffeine consumption is lacking.The present study examined the effects of caffeine consumption on depressed mood in children with depression and non-depressed participants. METHODS Children and adolescents (n = 51) already enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study, aged 9-12 years, were assessed for depressive symptoms with the Children Depressive Inventory (CDI). Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and eating habits were assessed with the Nutrition-Behavior Inventory (NBI) 1. The children were compared to control children without psychopathology attending public schools in a Southern Brazilian city. RESULTS Participants with CDI scores ≥ 15 (mean = 19; S.D. = 4) also had high NBI scores (mean = 52; S.D. = 19, p < 0.001) suggestive of a relationship between depressive symptoms and environmental factors, in this case nutrition/behavior. Additional linear regression adjusted statistical analysis, considering the factors of consumption of sweets and caffeine individually, showed that caffeine, but not sweets, was associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that depressed children consume more caffeinated drinks than non-depressed children. Nonetheless while a strong association between depressive symptoms and caffeine consumption among children was found, further research should investigate whether or not this association is due to a cause and effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia R Benko
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology - Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Av. Silva Jardim 1632, Curitiba, 80250-200 PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba, 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Children's Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Desembargador Motta 1070, Curitiba, 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Farias
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology - Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Av. Silva Jardim 1632, Curitiba, 80250-200 PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba, 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Children's Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Desembargador Motta 1070, Curitiba, 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucilene G Farias
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology - Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Av. Silva Jardim 1632, Curitiba, 80250-200 PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba, 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Erico F Pereira
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Louzada
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Mara L Cordeiro
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology - Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Av. Silva Jardim 1632, Curitiba, 80250-200 PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba, 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences of the David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 700 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, 90025, CA, USA
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Hughes RN. Neurobehavioral Consequences of Exposure to Caffeine During Development: Important Issues and Areas of Concern. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2011.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert N. Hughes
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Rhoads DE, Huggler AL, Rhoads LJ. Acute and adaptive motor responses to caffeine in adolescent and adult rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:81-6. [PMID: 21504758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a psychostimulant with intake through foods or beverages tending to increase from childhood through adolescence. The goals of the present study were to examine the effects of caffeine on young adolescent Long-Evans rats and to compare the motor-behavioral responses of adolescent and adult rats to acute and chronic caffeine. Adolescent rats had a biphasic dose-response to caffeine comparable to that reported for adult rats. The magnitude of the motor response to a challenge dose of caffeine (30mg/kg, ip) was similar between adolescent and adult rats. Administration of caffeine in the drinking water (1mg/ml) for a period of 2 weeks led to overall consumption of caffeine which was not significantly different between adolescents and adults when normalized to body mass. There were no impacts of caffeinated drinking water on volume of fluid consumed nor weight gain in either age group compared to age matched controls drinking non-caffeinated tap water. Following this period of caffeine consumption, return to regular drinking water (caffeine withdrawal) led to a significant decrease in baseline movement compared to caffeine-naïve rats. This effect inversion was observed for adolescents but not adults. In addition, the response of the adolescents to the challenge dose of caffeine (30mg/kg, ip) was reduced significantly after chronic caffeine consumption and withdrawal. This apparent tolerance to the caffeine challenge dose was not seen with the adults. Thus, the developing brain of these adolescents may show similar sensitivity to adults in acute caffeine exposure but greater responsiveness to adaptive changes associated with chronic caffeine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis E Rhoads
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, W. Long Branch, NJ 07764, USA.
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