1
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Giese APJ, Weng WH, Kindt KS, Chang HHV, Montgomery JS, Ratzan EM, Beirl AJ, Rivera RA, Lotthammer JM, Walujkar S, Foster MP, Zobeiri OA, Holt JR, Riazuddin S, Cullen KE, Sotomayor M, Ahmed ZM. Complexes of vertebrate TMC1/2 and CIB2/3 proteins form hair-cell mechanotransduction cation channels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.26.542533. [PMID: 37398045 PMCID: PMC10312449 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium and integrin-binding protein 2 (CIB2) and CIB3 bind to transmembrane channel-like 1 (TMC1) and TMC2, the pore-forming subunits of the inner-ear mechano-electrical transduction (MET) apparatus. These interactions have been proposed to be functionally relevant across mechanosensory organs and vertebrate species. Here we show that both CIB2 and CIB3 can form heteromeric complexes with TMC1 and TMC2 and are integral for MET function in mouse cochlea and vestibular end organs as well as in zebrafish inner ear and lateral line. Our AlphaFold 2 models suggest that vertebrate CIB proteins can simultaneously interact with at least two cytoplasmic domains of TMC1 and TMC2 as validated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of TMC1 fragments interacting with CIB2 and CIB3. Molecular dynamics simulations of TMC1/2 complexes with CIB2/3 predict that TMCs are structurally stabilized by CIB proteins to form cation channels. Overall, our work demonstrates that intact CIB2/3 and TMC1/2 complexes are integral to hair-cell MET function in vertebrate mechanosensory epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud P J Giese
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Hsiang Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katie S Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jonathan S Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Evan M Ratzan
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alisha J Beirl
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roberto Aponte Rivera
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Lotthammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sanket Walujkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark P Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Omid A Zobeiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Holt
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neuroscience, and Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcos Sotomayor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Nonarath HJT, Simpson SL, Slobodianuk TL, Collery RF, Dinculescu A, Link BA. The USH3A causative gene clarin1 functions in Müller glia to maintain retinal photoreceptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.29.582878. [PMID: 38464015 PMCID: PMC10925332 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in CLRN1 cause Usher syndrome type IIIA (USH3A), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hearing and vision loss, and often accompanied by vestibular balance issues. The identity of the cell types responsible for the pathology and mechanisms leading to vision loss in USH3A remains elusive. To address this, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 technology to delete a large region in the coding and untranslated (UTR) region of zebrafish clrn1. Retina of clrn1 mutant larvae exhibited sensitivity to cell stress, along with age-dependent loss of function and degeneration in the photoreceptor layer. Investigation revealed disorganization in the outer retina in clrn1 mutants, including actin-based structures of the Müller glia and photoreceptor cells. To assess cell-specific contributions to USH3A pathology, we specifically re-expressed clrn1 in either Müller glia or photoreceptor cells. Müller glia re-expression of clrn1 prevented the elevated cell death observed in larval clrn1 mutant zebrafish exposed to high-intensity light. Notably, the degree of phenotypic rescue correlated with the level of Clrn1 re-expression. Surprisingly, high levels of Clrn1 expression enhanced cell death in both wild-type and clrn1 mutant animals. However, rod- or cone-specific Clrn1 re-expression did not rescue the extent of cell death. Taken together, our findings underscore three crucial insights. First, clrn1 mutant zebrafish exhibit key pathological features of USH3A; second, Clrn1 within Müller glia plays a pivotal role in photoreceptor maintenance, with its expression requiring controlled regulation; third, the reliance of photoreceptors on Müller glia suggests a structural support mechanism, possibly through direct interactions between Müller glia and photoreceptors mediated in part by Clrn1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. T. Nonarath
- Department Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Samantha L. Simpson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Tricia L. Slobodianuk
- Department Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Ross F. Collery
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Astra Dinculescu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Brian A. Link
- Department Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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3
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Yoon HS, Hyun KT, Hong S, Park S, Han E, Baek HW, Lee YK, Lim KH, Rah YC, Choi J. Exploring Embryo-Ototoxic Effects: Insights into Deodorant-Induced Hair Cell Damage in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:948. [PMID: 38256022 PMCID: PMC10815967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study investigated the embryo-ototoxic effects of deodorant2 (DA2) on zebrafish embryos, which serve as valuable model organisms due to genetic and physiological similarities to humans. We focused on understanding DA2's impact on zebrafish hair cells, which are vital for sensory perception and balance regulation. DA2, provided by the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea, was used at 460 μg/mL in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), with a 0.43% DMSO solvent control group. Three experiments, each using 10 zebrafish specimens from each group, showed an initial 13% hair cell count reduction in the DA2-exposed group. Subsequent experiments demonstrated reductions of 37% and 22%, each with one mortality case. Statistical analysis revealed a significant 24% hair cell count reduction in the DA2-exposed group. We also assessed DA2's impact on zebrafish behavior. Although not statistically significant, differences in distances traveled (0.33-0.39, 95% confidence interval: -0.46-1.1, p = 0.2033) and latencies (-0.016-0.018, 95% confidence interval: -0.052-0.021, p = 0.1917) hinted at negative effects. These results highlight DA2's ototoxic properties affecting zebrafish auditory systems and behavior. Further investigation into DA2's effects on aquatic organisms and potential mitigation strategies are essential. These findings contribute to understanding DA2's safety profile, benefiting aquatic ecosystems and human health assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soo Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea; (H.S.Y.); (K.T.H.); (S.H.); (S.P.); (E.H.); (H.w.B.); (Y.K.L.); (K.H.L.); (Y.C.R.)
| | - Kyung Tae Hyun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea; (H.S.Y.); (K.T.H.); (S.H.); (S.P.); (E.H.); (H.w.B.); (Y.K.L.); (K.H.L.); (Y.C.R.)
| | - Sumin Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea; (H.S.Y.); (K.T.H.); (S.H.); (S.P.); (E.H.); (H.w.B.); (Y.K.L.); (K.H.L.); (Y.C.R.)
| | - Saemi Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea; (H.S.Y.); (K.T.H.); (S.H.); (S.P.); (E.H.); (H.w.B.); (Y.K.L.); (K.H.L.); (Y.C.R.)
| | - Eunjung Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea; (H.S.Y.); (K.T.H.); (S.H.); (S.P.); (E.H.); (H.w.B.); (Y.K.L.); (K.H.L.); (Y.C.R.)
| | - Hyun woo Baek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea; (H.S.Y.); (K.T.H.); (S.H.); (S.P.); (E.H.); (H.w.B.); (Y.K.L.); (K.H.L.); (Y.C.R.)
| | - Yun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea; (H.S.Y.); (K.T.H.); (S.H.); (S.P.); (E.H.); (H.w.B.); (Y.K.L.); (K.H.L.); (Y.C.R.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hyeon Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea; (H.S.Y.); (K.T.H.); (S.H.); (S.P.); (E.H.); (H.w.B.); (Y.K.L.); (K.H.L.); (Y.C.R.)
| | - Yoon Chan Rah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea; (H.S.Y.); (K.T.H.); (S.H.); (S.P.); (E.H.); (H.w.B.); (Y.K.L.); (K.H.L.); (Y.C.R.)
| | - June Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea; (H.S.Y.); (K.T.H.); (S.H.); (S.P.); (E.H.); (H.w.B.); (Y.K.L.); (K.H.L.); (Y.C.R.)
- Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Korea University, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
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4
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Yamamoto S, Kanca O, Wangler MF, Bellen HJ. Integrating non-mammalian model organisms in the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases in humans. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:46-60. [PMID: 37491400 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technology has rapidly accelerated the discovery of genetic variants of interest in individuals with rare diseases. However, showing that these variants are causative of the disease in question is complex and may require functional studies. Use of non-mammalian model organisms - mainly fruitflies (Drosophila melanogaster), nematode worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) - enables the rapid and cost-effective assessment of the effects of gene variants, which can then be validated in mammalian model organisms such as mice and in human cells. By probing mechanisms of gene action and identifying interacting genes and proteins in vivo, recent studies in these non-mammalian model organisms have facilitated the diagnosis of numerous genetic diseases and have enabled the screening and identification of therapeutic options for patients. Studies in non-mammalian model organisms have also shown that the biological processes underlying rare diseases can provide insight into more common mechanisms of disease and the biological functions of genes. Here, we discuss the opportunities afforded by non-mammalian model organisms, focusing on flies, worms and fish, and provide examples of their use in the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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5
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Lunsford ET, Bobkov YV, Ray BC, Liao JC, Strother JA. Anion efflux mediates transduction in the hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2315515120. [PMID: 38117855 PMCID: PMC10756195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315515120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cells are the principal sensory receptors of the vertebrate auditory system, where they transduce sounds through mechanically gated ion channels that permit cations to flow from the surrounding endolymph into the cells. The lateral line of zebrafish has served as a key model system for understanding hair cell physiology and development, often with the belief that these hair cells employ a similar transduction mechanism. In this study, we demonstrate that these hair cells are exposed to an unregulated external environment with cation concentrations that are too low to support transduction. Our results indicate that hair cell excitation is instead mediated by a substantially different mechanism involving the outward flow of anions. Further investigation of hair cell transduction in a diversity of sensory systems and species will likely yield deep insights into the physiology of these unique cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias T. Lunsford
- Department of Biology, The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL32080
- Institut du Cerveau (Paris Brain Institute), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris75013, France
| | - Yuriy V. Bobkov
- Department of Biology, The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL32080
| | - Brandon C. Ray
- Department of Biology, The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL32080
| | - James C. Liao
- Department of Biology, The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL32080
| | - James A. Strother
- Department of Biology, The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL32080
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6
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Lin A, Álvarez-Salvado E, Milicic N, Pujara N, Ehrlich DE. Multisensory navigational strategies of hatchling fish for dispersal. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4917-4925.e4. [PMID: 37865093 PMCID: PMC10842570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Animals influence how they disperse in the environment by sensing local cues and adapting how they move. However, controlling dispersal can present a particular challenge early in life when animals tend to be more limited in their capacities to sense and move. To what extent and by what mechanisms can newly hatched fish control how they disperse? Here, we reveal hatchling sensorimotor mechanisms for controlling dispersal by combining swim tracking and precise sensory manipulations of a model species, zebrafish. In controlled laboratory experiments, if we physically constrained hatchlings or blocked sensations of motion through vision and the lateral line, hatchlings responded by elevating their buoyancy and passively moving with faster surface currents. Complementarily, in stagnant water, hatchlings covered more ground using hyperstable swimming, strongly orienting based on graviception. Using experimentally calibrated hydrodynamic simulations, we show that these hatchling behaviors nearly tripled diffusivity and made dispersal robust to local conditions, suggesting this multisensory strategy may provide important advantages for early life in a variable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allia Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Efrén Álvarez-Salvado
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nikola Milicic
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Integrative Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nimish Pujara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David E Ehrlich
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Integrative Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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7
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Erickson T, Biggers WP, Williams K, Butland SE, Venuto A. Regionalized Protein Localization Domains in the Zebrafish Hair Cell Kinocilium. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:28. [PMID: 37367482 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cells are the receptors for auditory, vestibular, and lateral line sensory organs in vertebrates. These cells are distinguished by "hair"-like projections from their apical surface collectively known as the hair bundle. Along with the staircase arrangement of the actin-filled stereocilia, the hair bundle features a single, non-motile, true cilium called the kinocilium. The kinocilium plays an important role in bundle development and the mechanics of sensory detection. To understand more about kinocilial development and structure, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of zebrafish hair cells to identify cilia-associated genes that have yet to be characterized in hair cells. In this study, we focused on three such genes-ankef1a, odf3l2a, and saxo2-because human or mouse orthologs are either associated with sensorineural hearing loss or are located near uncharacterized deafness loci. We made transgenic fish that express fluorescently tagged versions of their proteins, demonstrating their localization to the kinocilia of zebrafish hair cells. Furthermore, we found that Ankef1a, Odf3l2a, and Saxo2 exhibit distinct localization patterns along the length of the kinocilium and within the cell body. Lastly, we have reported a novel overexpression phenotype of Saxo2. Overall, these results suggest that the hair cell kinocilium in zebrafish is regionalized along its proximal-distal axis and set the groundwork to understand more about the roles of these kinocilial proteins in hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Erickson
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | | | - Kevin Williams
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Shyanne E Butland
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Alexandra Venuto
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Baeza-Loya S, Raible DW. Vestibular physiology and function in zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1172933. [PMID: 37143895 PMCID: PMC10151581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1172933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system of the inner ear provides information about head motion and spatial orientation relative to gravity to ensure gaze stability, balance, and postural control. Zebrafish, like humans, have five sensory patches per ear that serve as peripheral vestibular organs, with the addition of the lagena and macula neglecta. The zebrafish inner ear can be easily studied due to its accessible location, the transparent tissue of larval fish, and the early development of vestibular behaviors. Thus, zebrafish are an excellent model for studying the development, physiology, and function of the vestibular system. Recent work has made great strides to elucidate vestibular neural circuitry in fish, tracing sensory transmission from receptors in the periphery to central computational circuits driving vestibular reflexes. Here we highlight recent work that illuminates the functional organization of vestibular sensory epithelia, innervating first-order afferent neurons, and second-order neuronal targets in the hindbrain. Using a combination of genetic, anatomical, electrophysiological, and optical techniques, these studies have probed the roles of vestibular sensory signals in fish gaze, postural, and swimming behaviors. We discuss remaining questions in vestibular development and organization that are tractable in the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David W. Raible
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-HNS and Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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9
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Riley KC, Koleilat A, Dugdale JA, Cooper SA, Christensen TA, Schimmenti LA. Three-Dimensional Structure of Inner Ear Hair Cell Ribbon Synapses in a Zebrafish Model of Usher Syndrome Type 1B. Zebrafish 2023; 20:47-54. [PMID: 37071854 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of inner ear hair cell ultrastructure has heretofore relied upon two-dimensional imaging; however, serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM) changes this paradigm allowing for three-dimensional evaluation. We compared inner ear hair cells of the apical cristae in myo7aa-/- null zebrafish, a model of human Usher Syndrome type 1B, to hair cells in wild-type zebrafish by SBFSEM to investigate possible ribbon synapse ultrastructural differences. Previously, it has been shown that compared to wild type, myo7aa-/- zebrafish neuromast hair cells have fewer ribbon synapses yet similar ribbon areas. We expect the recapitulation of these results within the inner ear apical crista hair cells furthering the knowledge of three-dimensional ribbon synapse structure while resolving the feasibility of therapeutically targeting myo7aa-/- mutant ribbons. In this report, we evaluated ribbon synapse number, volume, surface area, and sphericity. Localization of ribbons and their distance from the nearest innervation were also evaluated. We determined that myo7aa-/- mutant ribbon synapses are smaller in volume and surface area; however, all other measurements were not significantly different from wild-type zebrafish. Because the ribbon synapses are nearly indistinguishable between the myo7aa-/- mutant and wild type, it suggests that the ribbons are structurally receptive, supporting that therapeutic intervention may be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Riley
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alaa Koleilat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph A Dugdale
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shawna A Cooper
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Trace A Christensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core, and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa A Schimmenti
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Venuto A, Thibodeau-Beganny S, Trapani JG, Erickson T. A sensation for inflation: initial swim bladder inflation in larval zebrafish is mediated by the mechanosensory lateral line. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523756. [PMID: 36712117 PMCID: PMC9882242 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Larval zebrafish achieve neutral buoyancy by swimming up to the surface and taking in air through their mouths to inflate their swim bladders. We define this behavior as 'surfacing'. Little is known about the sensory basis for this underappreciated behavior of larval fish. A strong candidate is the mechanosensory lateral line, a hair cell-based sensory system that detects hydrodynamic information from sources like water currents, predators, prey, and surface waves. However, a role for the lateral line in mediating initial inflation of the swim bladder has not been reported. To explore the connection between the lateral line and surfacing, we utilized a genetic mutant (lhfpl5b-/-) that renders the zebrafish lateral line insensitive to mechanical stimuli. We observe that approximately half of these lateral line mutants over-inflate their swim bladders during initial inflation and become positively buoyant. Thus, we hypothesize that larval zebrafish use their lateral line to moderate interactions with the air-water interface during surfacing to regulate swim bladder inflation. To test the hypothesis that lateral line defects are responsible for swim bladder over-inflation, we show exogenous air is required for the hyperinflation phenotype and transgenic rescue of hair cell function restores normal inflation. We also find that chemical ablation of anterior lateral line hair cells in wild type larvae causes hyperinflation. Furthermore, we show that manipulation of lateral line sensory information results in abnormal inflation. Finally, we report spatial and temporal differences in the surfacing behavior between wild type and lateral line mutant larvae. In summary, we propose a novel sensory basis for achieving neutral buoyancy where larval zebrafish use their lateral line to sense the air-water interface and regulate initial swim bladder inflation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Venuto
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Josef G. Trapani
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Program, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Erickson
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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11
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Barrallo-Gimeno A, Llorens J. Hair cell toxicology: With the help of a little fish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1085225. [PMID: 36582469 PMCID: PMC9793777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1085225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing or balance loss are disabling conditions that have a serious impact in those suffering them, especially when they appear in children. Their ultimate cause is frequently the loss of function of mechanosensory hair cells in the inner ear. Hair cells can be damaged by environmental insults, like noise or chemical agents, known as ototoxins. Two of the most common ototoxins are life-saving medications: cisplatin against solid tumors, and aminoglycoside antibiotics to treat infections. However, due to their localization inside the temporal bone, hair cells are difficult to study in mammals. As an alternative animal model, zebrafish larvae have hair cells similar to those in mammals, some of which are located in a fish specific organ on the surface of the skin, the lateral line. This makes them easy to observe in vivo and readily accessible for ototoxins or otoprotective substances. These features have made possible advances in the study of the mechanisms mediating ototoxicity or identifying new potential ototoxins. Most importantly, the small size of the zebrafish larvae has allowed screening thousands of molecules searching for otoprotective agents in a scale that would be highly impractical in rodent models. The positive hits found can then start the long road to reach clinical settings to prevent hearing or balance loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Barrallo-Gimeno
- Department de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jordi Llorens
- Department de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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12
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Lopes AR, Moraes JS, Martins CDMG. Effects of the herbicide glyphosate on fish from embryos to adults: a review addressing behavior patterns and mechanisms behind them. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 251:106281. [PMID: 36103761 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of agrochemicals has grown in recent years following the increase in agricultural productivity, to eliminate weeds that can compromise crop yields. The intensive use of these products combined with the lack of treatment of agricultural wastewater is causing contamination of the natural environments, especially the aquatics. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] is the most commonly used herbicide in agriculture worldwide. Studies have shown that this compound is toxic to a variety of fish species at the concentrations of environmental relevance. Glyphosate-based herbicides can affect fish biochemical, physiological, endocrine, and behavioral pathways. Changes in behaviors such as foraging, escaping from predators, and courtship can compromise the survival of species and even communities. The behavior patterns of fish has been shown to be a sensitive tool for risk assessment. In this sense, this review summarizes and discusses the toxic effects of glyphosate and its formulations on the behavior of fish in different life stages. Additionally, behavioral impairments were associated with other negative effects of glyphosate such as energy imbalance, stress responses, AChE inhibition, and physiological and endocrine disturbances, which are evidenced and described in the literature. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Rubim Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande RS, Brazil.
| | - Jenifer Silveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande RS, Brazil
| | - Camila de Martinez Gaspar Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande RS, Brazil
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13
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Lukasz D, Beirl A, Kindt K. Chronic neurotransmission increases the susceptibility of lateral-line hair cells to ototoxic insults. eLife 2022; 11:77775. [PMID: 36047587 PMCID: PMC9473691 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cells receive near constant stimulation by omnipresent auditory and vestibular stimuli. To detect and encode these stimuli, hair cells require steady ATP production, which can be accompanied by a buildup of mitochondrial byproducts called reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS buildup is thought to sensitize hair cells to ototoxic insults, including the antibiotic neomycin. Work in neurons has shown that neurotransmission is a major driver of ATP production and ROS buildup. Therefore, we tested whether neurotransmission is a significant contributor to ROS buildup in hair cells. Using genetics and pharmacology, we disrupted two key aspects of neurotransmission in zebrafish hair cells: presynaptic calcium influx and the fusion of synaptic vesicles. We find that chronic block of neurotransmission enhances hair-cell survival when challenged with the ototoxin neomycin. This reduction in ototoxin susceptibility is accompanied by reduced mitochondrial activity, likely due to a reduced ATP demand. In addition, we show that mitochondrial oxidation and ROS buildup are reduced when neurotransmission is blocked. Mechanistically, we find that it is the synaptic vesicle cycle rather than presynaptic- or mitochondrial-calcium influx that contributes most significantly to this metabolic stress. Our results comprehensively indicate that, over time, neurotransmission causes ROS buildup that increases the susceptibility of hair cells to ototoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Lukasz
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Alisha Beirl
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Katie Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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14
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Ramšak Ž, Modic V, Li RA, vom Berg C, Zupanic A. From Causal Networks to Adverse Outcome Pathways: A Developmental Neurotoxicity Case Study. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:815754. [PMID: 35295214 PMCID: PMC8915909 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.815754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen the adverse outcome pathways (AOP) framework become one of the most powerful tools in chemical risk assessment, but the development of new AOPs remains a slow and manually intensive process. Here, we present a faster approach for AOP generation, based on manually curated causal toxicological networks. As a case study, we took a recently published zebrafish developmental neurotoxicity network, which contains causally connected molecular events leading to neuropathologies, and developed two new adverse outcome pathways: Inhibition of Fyna (Src family tyrosine kinase A) leading to increased mortality via decreased eye size (AOP 399 on AOP-Wiki) and GSK3beta (Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta) inactivation leading to increased mortality via defects in developing inner ear (AOP 410). The approach consists of an automatic separation of the toxicological network into candidate AOPs, filtering the AOPs according to available evidence and length as well as manual development of new AOPs and weight-of-evidence evaluation. The semiautomatic approach described here provides a new opportunity for fast and straightforward AOP development based on large network resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Živa Ramšak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Modic
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman A. Li
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag—Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Colette vom Berg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag—Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anze Zupanic
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Anze Zupanic,
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15
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Miles A, Blair C, Emili A, Tropepe V. Usher syndrome type 1-associated gene, pcdh15b, is required for photoreceptor structural integrity in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:272551. [PMID: 34668518 PMCID: PMC8669488 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Blindness associated with Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) is typically characterized as rod photoreceptor degeneration, followed by secondary loss of cones. The mechanisms leading to blindness are unknown because most genetic mouse models only recapitulate auditory defects. We generated zebrafish mutants for one of the USH1 genes, protocadherin-15b (pcdh15b), a putative cell adhesion molecule. Zebrafish Pcdh15 is expressed exclusively in photoreceptors within calyceal processes (CPs), at the base of the outer segment (OS) and within the synapse. In our mutants, rod and cone photoreceptor integrity is compromised, with early and progressively worsening abnormal OS disc growth and detachment, in part due to weakening CP contacts. These effects were attenuated or exacerbated by growth in dark and bright-light conditions, respectively. We also describe novel evidence for structural defects in synapses of pcdh15b mutant photoreceptors. Cell death does not accompany these defects at early stages, suggesting that photoreceptor structural defects, rather than overt cell loss, may underlie vision deficits. Thus, we present the first genetic animal model of a PCDH15-associated retinopathy that can be used to understand the aetiology of blindness in USH1. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: We present one of the first genetic animal mutants for PCDH15 that displays a severe, early retinopathy and suggests that zebrafish could be a useful model for PCDH15-associated retinal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Miles
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Clarke Blair
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Vincent Tropepe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
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16
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Jimenez E, Slevin CC, Colón-Cruz L, Burgess SM. Vestibular and Auditory Hair Cell Regeneration Following Targeted Ablation of Hair Cells With Diphtheria Toxin in Zebrafish. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:721950. [PMID: 34489643 PMCID: PMC8416761 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.721950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of Americans experience hearing or balance disorders due to loss of hair cells in the inner ear. The hair cells are mechanosensory receptors used in the auditory and vestibular organs of all vertebrates as well as the lateral line systems of aquatic vertebrates. In zebrafish and other non-mammalian vertebrates, hair cells turnover during homeostasis and regenerate completely after being destroyed or damaged by acoustic or chemical exposure. However, in mammals, destroying or damaging hair cells results in permanent impairments to hearing or balance. We sought an improved method for studying hair cell damage and regeneration in adult aquatic vertebrates by generating a transgenic zebrafish with the capacity for targeted and inducible hair cell ablation in vivo. This model expresses the human diphtheria toxin receptor (hDTR) gene under the control of the myo6b promoter, resulting in hDTR expressed only in hair cells. Cell ablation is achieved by an intraperitoneal injection of diphtheria toxin (DT) in adult zebrafish or DT dissolved in the water for larvae. In the lateral line of 5 days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish, ablation of hair cells by DT treatment occurred within 2 days in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, in adult utricles and saccules, a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.05 ng DT caused complete loss of hair cells in the utricle and saccule by 5 days post-injection. Full hair cell regeneration was observed for the lateral line and the inner ear tissues. This study introduces a new method for efficient conditional hair cell ablation in adult zebrafish inner ear sensory epithelia (utricles and saccules) and demonstrates that zebrafish hair cells will regenerate in vivo after this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shawn M. Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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17
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Panlilio JM, Jones IT, Salanga MC, Aluru N, Hahn ME. Developmental Exposure to Domoic Acid Disrupts Startle Response Behavior and Circuitry in Zebrafish. Toxicol Sci 2021; 182:310-326. [PMID: 34097058 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms produce potent neurotoxins that accumulate in seafood and are hazardous to human health. Developmental exposure to the harmful algal bloom toxin, domoic acid (DomA), has behavioral consequences well into adulthood, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DomA developmental neurotoxicity are largely unknown. To assess these, we exposed zebrafish embryos to DomA during the previously identified window of susceptibility and used the well-known startle response circuit as a tool to identify specific neuronal components that are targeted by exposure to DomA. Exposure to DomA reduced startle responsiveness to both auditory/vibrational and electrical stimuli, and even at the highest stimulus intensities tested, led to a dramatic reduction of one type of startle (short-latency c-starts). Furthermore, DomA-exposed larvae had altered kinematics for both types of startle responses tested, exhibiting shallower bend angles and slower maximal angular velocities. Using vital dye staining, immunolabeling, and live imaging of transgenic lines, we determined that although the sensory inputs were intact, the reticulospinal neurons required for short-latency c-starts were absent in most DomA-exposed larvae. Furthermore, axon tracing revealed that DomA-treated larvae also showed significantly reduced primary motor neuron axon collaterals. Overall, these results show that developmental exposure to DomA targets large reticulospinal neurons and motor neuron axon collaterals, resulting in measurable deficits in startle behavior. They further provide a framework for using the startle response circuit to identify specific neural populations disrupted by toxins or toxicants and to link these disruptions to functional consequences for neural circuit function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Panlilio
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Joint Graduate Program in Oceanography and Oceanographic Engineering, Massachusetts 02543, USA.,Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Ian T Jones
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Joint Graduate Program in Oceanography and Oceanographic Engineering, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Matthew C Salanga
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Neelakanteswar Aluru
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.,Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.,Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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18
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Toms M, Dubis AM, de Vrieze E, Tracey-White D, Mitsios A, Hayes M, Broekman S, Baxendale S, Utoomprurkporn N, Bamiou D, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Webster AR, Van Wijk E, Moosajee M. Clinical and preclinical therapeutic outcome metrics for USH2A-related disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1882-1899. [PMID: 31998945 PMCID: PMC7372554 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
USH2A variants are the most common cause of Usher syndrome type 2, characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and also contribute to autosomal recessive non-syndromic RP. Several treatment strategies are under development; however, sensitive clinical trial endpoint metrics to determine therapeutic efficacy have not been identified. In the present study, we have performed longitudinal retrospective examination of the retinal and auditory symptoms in (i) 56 biallelic molecularly confirmed USH2A patients and (ii) ush2a mutant zebrafish to identify metrics for the evaluation of future clinical trials and rapid preclinical screening studies. The patient cohort showed a statistically significant correlation between age and both rate of constriction for the ellipsoid zone length and hyperautofluorescent outer retinal ring area. Visual acuity and pure tone audiograms are not suitable outcome measures. Retinal examination of the novel ush2au507 zebrafish mutant revealed a slowly progressive degeneration of predominantly rods, accompanied by rhodopsin and blue cone opsin mislocalization from 6 to 12 months of age with lysosome-like structures observed in the photoreceptors. This was further evaluated in the ush2armc zebrafish model, which revealed similar changes in photopigment mislocalization with elevated autophagy levels at 6 days post fertilization, indicating a more severe genotype-phenotype correlation and providing evidence of new insights into the pathophysiology underlying USH2A-retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Toms
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Adam M Dubis
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 HR, The Netherlands
| | - Dhani Tracey-White
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Andreas Mitsios
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Matthew Hayes
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Sanne Broekman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 HR, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Baxendale
- Bateson Centre and Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nattawan Utoomprurkporn
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Doris Bamiou
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | | | - Andrew R Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Erwin Van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 HR, The Netherlands
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK.,UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK
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19
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De Faveri F, Marcotti W, Ceriani F. Sensory adaptation at ribbon synapses in the zebrafish lateral line. J Physiol 2021; 599:3677-3696. [PMID: 34047358 PMCID: PMC7612133 DOI: 10.1113/jp281646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation is used by sensory systems to adjust continuously their sensitivity to match changes in environmental stimuli. In the auditory and vestibular systems, the release properties of glutamate-containing vesicles at the hair-cell ribbon synapses play a crucial role in sensory adaptation, thus shaping the neural response to sustained stimulation. How ribbon synapses regulate the release of glutamate and how they modulate afferent responses in vivo is still largely unknown. Here, we have used two-photon imaging and electrophysiology to investigate the synaptic transfer characteristics of the hair cells in the context of sensory adaptation in live zebrafish. Prolonged and repeated water-jet stimulation of the hair-cell stereociliary bundles caused adaptation of the action potential firing rate elicited in the afferent neurons. By monitoring glutamate at ribbon synapses using time-lapse imaging, we identified two kinetically distinct release components: a rapid response that was exhausted within 50-100 ms and a slower and sustained response lasting the entire stimulation. After repeated stimulations, the recovery of the fast component followed a biphasic time course. Depression of glutamate release was largely responsible for the rapid firing rate adaptation recorded in the afferent neurons. However, postsynaptic Ca2+ responses had a slower recovery time course than that of glutamate release, indicating that they are also likely to contribute to the afferent firing adaptation. Hair cells also exhibited a form of adaptation during inhibitory bundle stimulations. We conclude that hair cells have optimised their synaptic machinery to encode prolonged stimuli and to maintain their sensitivity to new incoming stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Marcotti
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Federico Ceriani
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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20
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Sheets L, Holmgren M, Kindt KS. How Zebrafish Can Drive the Future of Genetic-based Hearing and Balance Research. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2021; 22:215-235. [PMID: 33909162 PMCID: PMC8110678 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, studies in humans and animal models have successfully identified numerous molecules required for hearing and balance. Many of these studies relied on unbiased forward genetic screens based on behavior or morphology to identify these molecules. Alongside forward genetic screens, reverse genetics has further driven the exploration of candidate molecules. This review provides an overview of the genetic studies that have established zebrafish as a genetic model for hearing and balance research. Further, we discuss how the unique advantages of zebrafish can be leveraged in future genetic studies. We explore strategies to design novel forward genetic screens based on morphological alterations using transgenic lines or behavioral changes following mechanical or acoustic damage. We also outline how recent advances in CRISPR-Cas9 can be applied to perform reverse genetic screens to validate large sequencing datasets. Overall, this review describes how future genetic studies in zebrafish can continue to advance our understanding of inherited and acquired hearing and balance disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Sheets
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melanie Holmgren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katie S Kindt
- Section On Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institutes On Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Filopodia, microvilli and stereocilia represent an important group of plasma membrane protrusions. These specialized projections are supported by parallel bundles of actin filaments and have critical roles in sensing the external environment, increasing cell surface area, and acting as mechanosensors. While actin-associated proteins are essential for actin-filament elongation and bundling in these protrusions, myosin motors have a surprising role in the formation and extension of filopodia and stereocilia and in the organization of microvilli. Actin regulators and specific myosins collaborate in controlling the length of these structures. Myosins can transport cargoes along the length of these protrusions, and, in the case of stereocilia and microvilli, interactions with adaptors and cargoes can also serve to anchor adhesion receptors to the actin-rich core via functionally conserved motor-adaptor complexes. This review highlights recent progress in understanding the diverse roles myosins play in filopodia, microvilli and stereocilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Margaret A Titus
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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22
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Nasri A, Mezni A, Lafon PA, Wahbi A, Cubedo N, Clair P, Harrath AH, Beyrem H, Rossel M, Perrier V. Ethinylestradiol (EE2) residues from birth control pills impair nervous system development and swimming behavior of zebrafish larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145272. [PMID: 33497902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous use of ethinylestradiol (EE2), an active constituent of birth control preparations, results in continuous release of this synthetic estrogen to surface waters. Many studies document the untoward effects of EE2 on the endocrine system of aquatic organisms. Effects of environmental EE2 on the nervous system are still poorly documented. We studied effects of pico- to nanomolar concentrations of EE2 on early nervous system development of zebrafish larvae. EE2 disrupted axonal nerve regeneration and hair cell regeneration up to 50%. Gene expression in larval brain tissues showed significantly upregulated expression of target genes, such as estrogen and progesterone receptors, and aromatase B. In contrast, downregulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase, involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, occurred concomitant with diminution of proliferating cells. Overall, the size of exposed fish larvae decreased by 25% and their swimming behavior was modified compared to non-treated larvae. EE2 interferes with nervous system development, both centrally and peripherally, with negative effects on regeneration and swimming behavior. Survival of fish and other aquatic species may be at risk in chronically EE2-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nasri
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Unit of coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia; U1198 MMDN (Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Inserm (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), MGX (Montpellier GenomiX), BioCampus, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Ali Mezni
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Unit of coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Pierre-André Lafon
- U1198 MMDN (Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Inserm (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), MGX (Montpellier GenomiX), BioCampus, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Aymen Wahbi
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Nicolas Cubedo
- U1198 MMDN (Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Inserm (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), MGX (Montpellier GenomiX), BioCampus, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Clair
- U1198 MMDN (Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Inserm (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), MGX (Montpellier GenomiX), BioCampus, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Unit of coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mireille Rossel
- U1198 MMDN (Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Inserm (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), MGX (Montpellier GenomiX), BioCampus, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Perrier
- U1198 MMDN (Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Inserm (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), MGX (Montpellier GenomiX), BioCampus, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
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23
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Nicolson T. Navigating Hereditary Hearing Loss: Pathology of the Inner Ear. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:660812. [PMID: 34093131 PMCID: PMC8172992 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.660812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited forms of deafness account for a sizable portion of hearing loss among children and adult populations. Many patients with sensorineural deficits have pathological manifestations in the peripheral auditory system, the inner ear. Within the hearing organ, the cochlea, most of the genetic forms of hearing loss involve defects in sensory detection and to some extent, signaling to the brain via the auditory cranial nerve. This review focuses on peripheral forms of hereditary hearing loss and how these impairments can be studied in diverse animal models or patient-derived cells with the ultimate goal of using the knowledge gained to understand the underlying biology and treat hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Nicolson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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24
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Peloggia J, Münch D, Meneses-Giles P, Romero-Carvajal A, Lush ME, Lawson ND, McClain M, Pan YA, Piotrowski T. Adaptive cell invasion maintains lateral line organ homeostasis in response to environmental changes. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1296-1312.e7. [PMID: 33878346 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian inner ear and fish lateral line sensory hair cells (HCs) detect fluid motion to transduce environmental signals. Actively maintained ionic homeostasis of the mammalian inner ear endolymph is essential for HC function. In contrast, fish lateral line HCs are exposed to the fluctuating ionic composition of the aqueous environment. Using lineage labeling, in vivo time-lapse imaging and scRNA-seq, we discovered highly motile skin-derived cells that invade mature mechanosensory organs of the zebrafish lateral line and differentiate into Neuromast-associated (Nm) ionocytes. This invasion is adaptive as it is triggered by environmental fluctuations. Our discovery of Nm ionocytes challenges the notion of an entirely placodally derived lateral line and identifies Nm ionocytes as likely regulators of HC function possibly by modulating the ionic microenvironment. Nm ionocytes provide an experimentally accessible in vivo system to study cell invasion and migration, as well as the physiological adaptation of vertebrate organs to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Peloggia
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Daniela Münch
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | | | - Andrés Romero-Carvajal
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mark E Lush
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Nathan D Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01605, USA
| | - Melainia McClain
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Y Albert Pan
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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25
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Parkinson L, Stawicki TM. alms1 mutant zebrafish do not show hair cell phenotypes seen in other cilia mutants. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246844. [PMID: 33793549 PMCID: PMC8016283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cilia-associated genes have been shown to affect hair cells in zebrafish (Danio rerio), including the human deafness gene dcdc2, the radial spoke gene rsph9, and multiple intraflagellar transport (IFT) and transition zone genes. Recently a zebrafish alms1 mutant was generated. The ALMS1 gene is the gene mutated in the ciliopathy Alström Syndrome a disease that causes hearing loss among other symptoms. The hearing loss seen in Alström Syndrome may be due in part to hair cell defects as Alms1 mutant mice show stereocilia polarity defects and a loss of hair cells. Hair cell loss is also seen in postmortem analysis of Alström patients. The zebrafish alms1 mutant has metabolic defects similar to those seen in Alström syndrome and Alms1 mutant mice. We wished to investigate if it also had hair cell defects. We, however, failed to find any hair cell related phenotypes in alms1 mutant zebrafish. They had normal lateral line hair cell numbers as both larvae and adults and normal kinocilia formation. They also showed grossly normal swimming behavior, response to vibrational stimuli, and FM1-43 loading. Mutants also showed a normal degree of sensitivity to both short-term neomycin and long-term gentamicin treatment. These results indicate that cilia-associated genes differentially affect different hair cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Parkinson
- Neuroscience Program, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tamara M. Stawicki
- Neuroscience Program, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Holmgren M, Sheets L. Using the Zebrafish Lateral Line to Understand the Roles of Mitochondria in Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:628712. [PMID: 33614633 PMCID: PMC7892962 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.628712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cells are the mechanosensory receptors of the inner ear and can be damaged by noise, aging, and ototoxic drugs. This damage often results in permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Hair cells have high energy demands and rely on mitochondria to produce ATP as well as contribute to intracellular calcium homeostasis. In addition to generating ATP, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species, which can lead to oxidative stress, and regulate cell death pathways. Zebrafish lateral-line hair cells are structurally and functionally analogous to cochlear hair cells but are optically and pharmacologically accessible within an intact specimen, making the zebrafish a good model in which to study hair-cell mitochondrial activity. Moreover, the ease of genetic manipulation of zebrafish embryos allows for the study of mutations implicated in human deafness, as well as the generation of transgenic models to visualize mitochondrial calcium transients and mitochondrial activity in live organisms. Studies of the zebrafish lateral line have shown that variations in mitochondrial activity can predict hair-cell susceptibility to damage by aminoglycosides or noise exposure. In addition, antioxidants have been shown to protect against noise trauma and ototoxic drug–induced hair-cell death. In this review, we discuss the tools and findings of recent investigations into zebrafish hair-cell mitochondria and their involvement in cellular processes, both under homeostatic conditions and in response to noise or ototoxic drugs. The zebrafish lateral line is a valuable model in which to study the roles of mitochondria in hair-cell pathologies and to develop therapeutic strategies to prevent sensorineural hearing loss in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Holmgren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lavinia Sheets
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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27
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Banono NS, Gawel K, De Witte L, Esguerra CV. Zebrafish Larvae Carrying a Splice Variant Mutation in cacna1d: A New Model for Schizophrenia-Like Behaviours? Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:877-894. [PMID: 33057948 PMCID: PMC7843589 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Persons with certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CACNA1D gene (encoding voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha 1-D) have increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar, schizophrenia and autism. The molecular consequences of SNPs on gene expression and protein function are not well understood. Thus, the use of animal models to determine genotype-phenotype correlations is critical to understanding disease pathogenesis. Here, we describe the behavioural changes in larval zebrafish carrying an essential splice site mutation (sa17298) in cacna1da. Heterozygous mutation resulted in 50% reduction of splice variants 201 and 202 (haploinsufficiency), while homozygosity increased transcript levels of variant 201 above wild type (WT; gain-of-function, GOF). Due to low homozygote viability, we focused primarily on performing the phenotypic analysis on heterozygotes. Indeed, cacna1dasa17298/WT larvae displayed hyperlocomotion-a behaviour characterised in zebrafish as a surrogate phenotype for epilepsy, anxiety or psychosis-like behaviour. Follow-up tests ruled out anxiety or seizures, however, as neither thigmotaxis defects nor epileptiform-like discharges in larval brains were observed. We therefore focused on testing for potential "psychosis-like" behaviour by assaying cacna1dasa17298/WT larval locomotor activity under constant light, during light-dark transition and in startle response to dark flashes. Furthermore, exposure of larvae to the antipsychotics, risperidone and haloperidol reversed cacna1da-induced hyperactivity to WT levels while valproate decreased but did not reverse hyperactivity. Together, these findings demonstrate that cacna1da haploinsufficiency induces behaviours in larval zebrafish analogous to those observed in rodent models of psychosis. Future studies on homozygous mutants will determine how cacna1d GOF alters behaviour in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Saana Banono
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kinga Gawel
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Str. 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Linus De Witte
- Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, AP Hogeschool Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Camila V Esguerra
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælandsvei 24, 0371, Oslo, Norway.
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28
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Gao Y, Nicolson T. Temporal Vestibular Deficits in synaptojanin 1 ( synj1) Mutants. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:604189. [PMID: 33584199 PMCID: PMC7874208 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.604189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid phosphatase synaptojanin 1 (synj1) is required for the disassembly of clathrin coats on endocytic compartments. In neurons such activity is necessary for the recycling of endocytosed membrane into synaptic vesicles. Mutations in zebrafish synj1 have been shown to disrupt the activity of ribbon synapses in sensory hair cells. After prolonged mechanical stimulation of hair cells, both phase locking of afferent nerve activity and the recovery of spontaneous release of synaptic vesicles are diminished in synj1 mutants. Presumably as a behavioral consequence of these synaptic deficits, synj1 mutants are unable to maintain an upright posture. To probe vestibular function with respect to postural control in synj1 mutants, we developed a method for assessing the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR) in larvae. We elicited the VSR by rotating the head and recorded tail movements. As expected, the VSR is completely absent in pcdh15a and lhfpl5a mutants that lack inner ear function. Conversely, lhfpl5b mutants, which have a selective loss of function of the lateral line organ, have normal VSRs, suggesting that the hair cells of this organ do not contribute to this reflex. In contrast to mechanotransduction mutants, the synj1 mutant produces normal tail movements during the initial cycles of rotation of the head. Both the amplitude and temporal aspects of the response are unchanged. However, after several rotations, the VSR in synj1 mutants was strongly diminished or absent. Mutant synj1 larvae are able to recover, but the time required for the reappearance of the VSR after prolonged stimulation is dramatically increased in synj1 mutants. Collectively, the data demonstrate a behavioral correlate of the synaptic defects caused by the loss of synj1 function. Our results suggest that defects in synaptic vesicle recycling give rise to fatigue of ribbons synapses and possibly other synapses of the VS circuit, leading to the loss of postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Teresa Nicolson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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29
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A model-based quantification of startle reflex habituation in larval zebrafish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:846. [PMID: 33436805 PMCID: PMC7804396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is an established animal model for the reproduction and study of neurobiological pathogenesis of human neurological conditions. The 'startle reflex' in zebrafish larvae is an evolutionarily preserved defence response, manifesting as a quick body-bend in reaction to sudden sensory stimuli. Changes in startle reflex habituation characterise several neuropsychiatric disorders and hence represent an informative index of neurophysiological health. This study aimed at establishing a simple and reliable experimental protocol for the quantification of startle reflex response and habituation. The fish were stimulated with 20 repeated pulses of specific vibratory frequency, acoustic intensity/power, light-intensity and interstimulus-interval, in three separate studies. The cumulative distance travelled, namely the sum of the distance travelled (mm) during all 20 stimuli, was computed as a group-level description for all the experimental conditions in each study. Additionally, by the use of bootstrapping, the data was fitted to a model of habituation with a first-order exponential representing the decay of locomotor distance travelled over repeated stimulation. Our results suggest that startle habituation is a stereotypic first-order process with a decay constant ranging from 1 to 2 stimuli. Habituation memory lasts no more than 5 min, as manifested by the locomotor activity recovering to baseline levels. We further observed significant effects of vibratory frequency, acoustic intensity/power and interstimulus-interval on the amplitude, offset, decay constant and cumulative distance travelled. Instead, the intensity of the flashed light did not contribute to significant behavioural variations. The findings provide novel insights as to the influence of different stimuli parameters on the startle reflex habituation and constitute a helpful reference framework for further investigation.
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30
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Recording Channelrhodopsin-Evoked Field Potentials and Startle Responses from Larval Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2191:201-220. [PMID: 32865747 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0830-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are an excellent model organism to study many aspects of vertebrate sensory encoding and behavior. Their escape responses begin with a C-shaped body bend followed by several swimming bouts away from the potentially threatening stimulus. This highly stereotyped motor behavior provides a model for studying startle reflexes and the neural circuitry underlying multisensory encoding and locomotion. Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) can be expressed in the lateral line and ear hair cells of zebrafish and can be excited in vivo to elicit these rapid forms of escape. Here we review our methods for studying transgenic ChR2-expressing zebrafish larvae, including screening for positive expression of ChR2 and recording field potentials and high-speed videos of optically evoked escape responses. We also highlight important features of the acquired data and provide a brief review of other zebrafish research that utilizes or has the potential to benefit from ChR2 and optogenetics.
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31
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Koleilat A, Dugdale JA, Christenson TA, Bellah JL, Lambert AM, Masino MA, Ekker SC, Schimmenti LA. L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists mitigate hearing loss and modify ribbon synapse morphology in the zebrafish model of Usher syndrome type 1. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/11/dmm043885. [PMID: 33361086 PMCID: PMC7710014 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mariner (myo7aa−/−) mutant is a zebrafish model for Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1). To further characterize hair cell synaptic elements in myo7aa−/− mutants, we focused on the ribbon synapse and evaluated ultrastructure, number and distribution of immunolabeled ribbons, and postsynaptic densities. By transmission electron microscopy, we determined that myo7aa−/− zebrafish have fewer glutamatergic vesicles tethered to ribbon synapses, yet maintain a comparable ribbon area. In myo7aa−/− hair cells, immunolocalization of Ctbp2 showed fewer ribbon-containing cells in total and an altered distribution of Ctbp2 puncta compared to wild-type hair cells. myo7aa−/− mutants have fewer postsynaptic densities – as assessed by MAGUK immunolabeling – compared to wild-type zebrafish. We quantified the circular swimming behavior of myo7aa−/− mutant fish and measured a greater turning angle (absolute smooth orientation). It has previously been shown that L-type voltage-gated calcium channels are necessary for ribbon localization and occurrence of postsynaptic density; thus, we hypothesized and observed that L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists change behavioral and synaptic phenotypes in myo7aa−/− mutants in a drug-specific manner. Our results indicate that treatment with L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists alter hair cell synaptic elements and improve behavioral phenotypes of myo7aa−/− mutants. Our data support that L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists induce morphological changes at the ribbon synapse – in both the number of tethered vesicles and regarding the distribution of Ctbp2 puncta – shift swimming behavior and improve acoustic startle response. Summary: We quantified behavioral and synaptic morphology differences between wild-type zebrafish larvae and the mariner (myo7aa−/−) mutant, finding that these differences can be modified by L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Koleilat
- College of Continuing and Professional Studies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical and Translational Science Track, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Joseph A Dugdale
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey L Bellah
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aaron M Lambert
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mark A Masino
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lisa A Schimmenti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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32
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Vona B, Doll J, Hofrichter MAH, Haaf T, Varshney GK. Small fish, big prospects: using zebrafish to unravel the mechanisms of hereditary hearing loss. Hear Res 2020; 397:107906. [PMID: 32063424 PMCID: PMC7415493 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, advancements in high-throughput sequencing have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the mutational signatures responsible for hereditary hearing loss. In its present state, the field has a largely uncensored view of protein coding changes in a growing number of genes that have been associated with hereditary hearing loss, and many more that have been proposed as candidate genes. Sequencing data can now be generated using methods that have become widespread and affordable. The greatest hurdles facing the field concern functional validation of uncharacterized genes and rapid application to human diseases, including hearing and balance disorders. To date, over 30 hearing-related disease models exist in zebrafish. New genome editing technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9 will accelerate the functional validation of hearing loss genes and variants in zebrafish. Here, we discuss current progress in the field and recent advances in genome editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vona
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Julia Doll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
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33
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Whatley M, Francis A, Ng ZY, Khoh XE, Atlas MD, Dilley RJ, Wong EYM. Usher Syndrome: Genetics and Molecular Links of Hearing Loss and Directions for Therapy. Front Genet 2020; 11:565216. [PMID: 33193648 PMCID: PMC7642844 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.565216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive (AR) disorder that permanently and severely affects the senses of hearing, vision, and balance. Three clinically distinct types of USH have been identified, decreasing in severity from Type 1 to 3, with symptoms of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and vestibular dysfunction. There are currently nine confirmed and two suspected USH-causative genes, and a further three candidate loci have been mapped. The proteins encoded by these genes form complexes that play critical roles in the development and maintenance of cellular structures within the inner ear and retina, which have minimal capacity for repair or regeneration. In the cochlea, stereocilia are located on the apical surface of inner ear hair cells (HC) and are responsible for transducing mechanical stimuli from sound pressure waves into chemical signals. These signals are then detected by the auditory nerve fibers, transmitted to the brain and interpreted as sound. Disease-causing mutations in USH genes can destabilize the tip links that bind the stereocilia to each other, and cause defects in protein trafficking and stereocilia bundle morphology, thereby inhibiting mechanosensory transduction. This review summarizes the current knowledge on Usher syndrome with a particular emphasis on mutations in USH genes, USH protein structures, and functional analyses in animal models. Currently, there is no cure for USH. However, the genetic therapies that are rapidly developing will benefit from this compilation of detailed genetic information to identify the most effective strategies for restoring functional USH proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Whatley
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Abbie Francis
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Emergency Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Zi Ying Ng
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Xin Ee Khoh
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Marcus D. Atlas
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Dilley
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elaine Y. M. Wong
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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34
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Schmid C, Alampi I, Briggs J, Tarcza K, Stawicki TM. Mechanotransduction Activity Facilitates Hair Cell Toxicity Caused by the Heavy Metal Cadmium. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:37. [PMID: 32153368 PMCID: PMC7044240 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cells are sensitive to many insults including environmental toxins such as heavy metals. We show here that cadmium can consistently kill hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line. Disrupting hair cell mechanotransduction genetically or pharmacologically significantly reduces the amount of hair cell death seen in response to cadmium, suggesting a role for mechanotransduction in this cell death process, possibly as a means for cadmium uptake into the cells. Likewise, when looking at multiple cilia-associated gene mutants that have previously been shown to be resistant to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death, resistance to cadmium-induced hair cell death is only seen in those with mechanotransduction defects. In contrast to what was seen with mechanotransduction, significant protection was not consistently seen from other ions previously shown to compete for cadmium uptake into cells or tissue including zinc and copper. These results show that functional mechanotransduction activity is playing a significant role in cadmium-induced hair cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh Schmid
- Program in Neuroscience, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, United States
| | - Isabella Alampi
- Program in Neuroscience, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, United States
| | - Jay Briggs
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kelly Tarcza
- Program in Neuroscience, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, United States
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35
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Erickson T, Pacentine IV, Venuto A, Clemens R, Nicolson T. The lhfpl5 Ohnologs lhfpl5a and lhfpl5b Are Required for Mechanotransduction in Distinct Populations of Sensory Hair Cells in Zebrafish. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 12:320. [PMID: 32009898 PMCID: PMC6974483 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cells sense and transmit auditory, vestibular, and hydrodynamic information by converting mechanical stimuli into electrical signals. This process of mechano-electrical transduction (MET) requires a mechanically gated channel localized in the apical stereocilia of hair cells. In mice, lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 5 (LHFPL5) acts as an auxiliary subunit of the MET channel whose primary role is to correctly localize PCDH15 and TMC1 to the mechanotransduction complex. Zebrafish have two lhfpl5 genes (lhfpl5a and lhfpl5b), but their individual contributions to MET channel assembly and function have not been analyzed. Here we show that the zebrafish lhfpl5 genes are expressed in discrete populations of hair cells: lhfpl5a expression is restricted to auditory and vestibular hair cells in the inner ear, while lhfpl5b expression is specific to hair cells of the lateral line organ. Consequently, lhfpl5a mutants exhibit defects in auditory and vestibular function, while disruption of lhfpl5b affects hair cells only in the lateral line neuromasts. In contrast to previous reports in mice, localization of Tmc1 does not depend upon Lhfpl5 function in either the inner ear or lateral line organ. In both lhfpl5a and lhfpl5b mutants, GFP-tagged Tmc1 and Tmc2b proteins still localize to the stereocilia of hair cells. Using a stably integrated GFP-Lhfpl5a transgene, we show that the tip link cadherins Pcdh15a and Cdh23, along with the Myo7aa motor protein, are required for correct Lhfpl5a localization at the tips of stereocilia. Our work corroborates the evolutionarily conserved co-dependence between Lhfpl5 and Pcdh15, but also reveals novel requirements for Cdh23 and Myo7aa to correctly localize Lhfpl5a. In addition, our data suggest that targeting of Tmc1 and Tmc2b proteins to stereocilia in zebrafish hair cells occurs independently of Lhfpl5 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Erickson
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Itallia V Pacentine
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Alexandra Venuto
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Rachel Clemens
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Teresa Nicolson
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Rissone A, Jimenez E, Bishop K, Carrington B, Slevin C, Wincovitch SM, Sood R, Candotti F, Burgess SM. A model for reticular dysgenesis shows impaired sensory organ development and hair cell regeneration linked to cellular stress. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm040170. [PMID: 31727854 PMCID: PMC6955229 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene AK2 are responsible for reticular dysgenesis (RD), a rare and severe form of primary immunodeficiency in children. RD patients have a severely shortened life expectancy and without treatment die, generally from sepsis soon after birth. The only available therapeutic option for RD is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To gain insight into the pathophysiology of RD, we previously created zebrafish models for Ak2 deficiencies. One of the clinical features of RD is hearing loss, but its pathophysiology and causes have not been determined. In adult mammals, sensory hair cells of the inner ear do not regenerate; however, their regeneration has been observed in several non-mammalian vertebrates, including zebrafish. Therefore, we used our RD zebrafish models to determine whether Ak2 deficiency affects sensory organ development and/or hair cell regeneration. Our studies indicated that Ak2 is required for the correct development, survival and regeneration of sensory hair cells. Interestingly, Ak2 deficiency induces the expression of several oxidative stress markers and it triggers an increased level of cell death in the hair cells. Finally, we show that glutathione treatment can partially rescue hair cell development in the sensory organs in our RD models, pointing to the potential use of antioxidants as a therapeutic treatment supplementing HSCT to prevent or ameliorate sensorineural hearing deficits in RD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rissone
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erin Jimenez
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Bishop
- NHGRI Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake Carrington
- NHGRI Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claire Slevin
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Raman Sood
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- NHGRI Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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37
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Marsden KC, Jain RA, Wolman MA, Echeverry FA, Nelson JC, Hayer KE, Miltenberg B, Pereda AE, Granato M. A Cyfip2-Dependent Excitatory Interneuron Pathway Establishes the Innate Startle Threshold. Cell Rep 2019; 23:878-887. [PMID: 29669291 PMCID: PMC6642828 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory experiences dynamically modify whether animals respond to a given stimulus, but it is unclear how innate behavioral thresholds are established. Here, we identify molecular and circuit-level mechanisms underlying the innate threshold of the zebrafish startle response. From a forward genetic screen, we isolated five mutant lines with reduced innate startle thresholds. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identify the causative mutation for one line to be in the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP)-interacting protein cyfip2. We show that cyfip2 acts independently of FMRP and that reactivation of cyfip2 restores the baseline threshold after phenotype onset. Finally, we show that cyfip2 regulates the innate startle threshold by reducing neural activity in a small group of excitatory hindbrain interneurons. Thus, we identify a selective set of genes critical to establishing an innate behavioral threshold and uncover a circuit-level role for cyfip2 in this process. Using forward genetics, electrophysiology, and combined behavior and Ca2+ imaging in zebrafish, Marsden et al. show that cyfip2 regulates the acoustic startle threshold by controlling the activity of excitatory spiral fiber interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt C Marsden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, 100 Brooks Ave., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Roshan A Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, Haverford College, S108 Sharpless Hall, 370 Lancaster Ave., Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Marc A Wolman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Zoology, 213 Zoology Research Building, 1117 West Johnson St., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Fabio A Echeverry
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 431 Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica C Nelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katharina E Hayer
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ben Miltenberg
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, S108 Sharpless Hall, 370 Lancaster Ave., Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Alberto E Pereda
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 431 Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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38
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Zou B, Desmidt AA, Mittal R, Yan D, Richmond M, Tekin M, Liu XZ, Lu Z. The Generation of Zebrafish Mariner Model Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:556-562. [PMID: 31260171 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted genome editing mediated by clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) technology has emerged as a powerful tool for gene function studies and has great potential for gene therapy. Although CRISPR/Cas9 has been widely used in many research fields, only a few successful zebrafish models have been established using this technology in hearing research. In this study, we successfully created zebrafish mariner mutants by targeting the motor head domain of Myo7aa using CRISPR/Cas9. The CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutants showed unbalanced swimming behavior and disorganized sterocilia of inner ear hair cells, which resemble the phenotype of the zebrafish mariner mutants. In addition, we found that CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutants have reduced number of stereociliary bundles of inner ear hair cells and have significant hearing loss. Furthermore, phenotypic analysis was performed on F0 larvae within the first week post fertilization, which dramatically shortens data collection period. Therefore, results of this study showed that CRISPR/Cas9 is a quick and effective method to generate zebrafish mutants as a model for studying human genetic deafness. Anat Rec, 303:556-562, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Mustafa Tekin
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongmin Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,International Center for Marine Studies, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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39
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Genomic non-redundancy of the mir-183/96/182 cluster and its requirement for hair cell maintenance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10302. [PMID: 31311951 PMCID: PMC6635406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs are important regulators of gene expression. In the retina, the mir-183/96/182 cluster is of particular interest due to its robust expression and studies in which loss of the cluster caused photoreceptor degeneration. However, it is unclear which of the three miRNAs in the cluster are ultimately required in photoreceptors, whether each may have independent, contributory roles, or whether a single miRNA from the cluster compensates for the loss of another. These are important questions that will not only help us to understand the role of these particular miRNAs in the retina, but will deepen our understanding of how clustered microRNAs evolve and operate. To that end, we have developed a complete panel of single, double, and triple mir-183/96/182 mutant zebrafish. While the retinas of all mutant animals were normal, the triple mutants exhibited acute hair cell degeneration which corresponded with impaired swimming and death at a young age. By measuring the penetrance of this phenotype in each mutant line, we determine which of the three miRNAs in the cluster are necessary and/or sufficient to ensure normal hair cell development and function.
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40
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Pickett SB, Raible DW. Water Waves to Sound Waves: Using Zebrafish to Explore Hair Cell Biology. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2019; 20:1-19. [PMID: 30635804 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-018-00711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although perhaps best known for their use in developmental studies, over the last couple of decades, zebrafish have become increasingly popular model organisms for investigating auditory system function and disease. Like mammals, zebrafish possess inner ear mechanosensory hair cells required for hearing, as well as superficial hair cells of the lateral line sensory system, which mediate detection of directional water flow. Complementing mammalian studies, zebrafish have been used to gain significant insights into many facets of hair cell biology, including mechanotransduction and synaptic physiology as well as mechanisms of both hereditary and acquired hair cell dysfunction. Here, we provide an overview of this literature, highlighting some of the particular advantages of using zebrafish to investigate hearing and hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Pickett
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Health Sciences Building H-501, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357420, Seattle, WA, 98195-7420, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357270, Seattle, WA, 98195-7270, USA
| | - David W Raible
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Health Sciences Building H-501, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357420, Seattle, WA, 98195-7420, USA.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357270, Seattle, WA, 98195-7270, USA.
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, 1701 NE Columbia Rd, Box 357923, Seattle, WA, 98195-7923, USA.
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41
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Gerber V, Yang L, Takamiya M, Ribes V, Gourain V, Peravali R, Stegmaier J, Mikut R, Reischl M, Ferg M, Rastegar S, Strähle U. The HMG box transcription factors Sox1a and b specify a new class of glycinergic interneurons in the spinal cord of zebrafish embryos. Development 2019; 146:dev.172510. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.172510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Specification of neurons in the spinal cord relies on extrinsic and intrinsic signals, which in turn are interpreted by expression of transcription factors. V2 interneurons develop from the ventral aspects of the spinal cord. We report here a novel neuronal V2 subtype, named V2s, in zebrafish embryos. Formation of these neurons depends on the transcription factors sox1a and sox1b. They develop from common gata2a/gata3 dependent precursors co-expressing markers of V2b and V2s interneurons. Chemical blockage of Notch signaling causes a decrease of V2s and an increase of V2b cells. Our results are consistent with the existence of at least two types of precursors arranged in a hierarchical manner in the V2 domain. V2s neurons grow long ipsilateral descending axonal projections with a short branch at the ventral midline. They acquire a glycinergic neurotransmitter type during the second day of development. Unilateral ablation of V2s interneurons causes a delay in touch-provoked escape behavior suggesting that V2s interneurons are involved in fast motor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gerber
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lixin Yang
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vanessa Ribes
- Institute Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Victor Gourain
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ravindra Peravali
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegmaier
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Reischl
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marco Ferg
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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42
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Pickett SB, Thomas ED, Sebe JY, Linbo T, Esterberg R, Hailey DW, Raible DW. Cumulative mitochondrial activity correlates with ototoxin susceptibility in zebrafish mechanosensory hair cells. eLife 2018; 7:38062. [PMID: 30596476 PMCID: PMC6345563 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a prominent role in mechanosensory hair cell damage and death. Although hair cells are thought to be energetically demanding cells, how mitochondria respond to these demands and how this might relate to cell death is largely unexplored. Using genetically encoded indicators, we found that mitochondrial calcium flux and oxidation are regulated by mechanotransduction and demonstrate that hair cell activity has both acute and long-term consequences on mitochondrial function. We tested whether variation in mitochondrial activity reflected differences in the vulnerability of hair cells to the toxic drug neomycin. We observed that susceptibility did not correspond to the acute level of mitochondrial activity but rather to the cumulative history of that activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Pickett
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Eric D Thomas
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Joy Y Sebe
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Tor Linbo
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Robert Esterberg
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Dale W Hailey
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - David W Raible
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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43
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Haehnel-Taguchi M, Akanyeti O, Liao JC. Behavior, Electrophysiology, and Robotics Experiments to Study Lateral Line Sensing in Fishes. Integr Comp Biol 2018; 58:874-883. [PMID: 29982706 PMCID: PMC6204992 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral line system is a sensory system unique to fishes and amphibians. It is composed of distributed mechanosensory hair cell organs on the head and body (neuromasts), which are sensitive to pressure gradients and water movements. Over the last decade, we have pursued an interdisciplinary approach by combining behavioral, electrophysiology, and robotics experiments to study this fascinating sensory system. In behavioral and electrophysiology experiments, we have studied the larval lateral line system in the model genetic organism, zebrafish (Danio rerio). We found that the lateral line system, even in 5-day-old larvae, is involved in an array of behaviors that are critical to survival, and the deflection of a single neuromast can elicit a swimming response. In robotics experiments, we used a range of physical models with distributed pressure sensors to better understand the hydrodynamic environments from the local perspective of a fish or robot. So far, our efforts have focused on extracting control-related information for a range of application scenarios including characterizing unsteady flows such as Kármán vortex streets for station holding. We also used robot models to test biological hypotheses on how morphology and movement of fishes affect lateral line sensing. Overall, with this review we aim to increase the visibility and accessibility of this multi-disciplinary research approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Haehnel-Taguchi
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Hauptstraße 1, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Otar Akanyeti
- Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3FL, UK
| | - James C Liao
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA
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44
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Blanco-Sánchez B, Clément A, Fierro J, Stednitz S, Phillips JB, Wegner J, Panlilio JM, Peirce JL, Washbourne P, Westerfield M. Grxcr1 Promotes Hair Bundle Development by Destabilizing the Physical Interaction between Harmonin and Sans Usher Syndrome Proteins. Cell Rep 2018; 25:1281-1291.e4. [PMID: 30380418 PMCID: PMC6284068 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis and mechanoelectrical transduction of the hair cell mechanoreceptor depend on the correct assembly of Usher syndrome (USH) proteins into highly organized macromolecular complexes. Defects in these proteins lead to deafness and vestibular areflexia in USH patients. Mutations in a non-USH protein, glutaredoxin domain-containing cysteine-rich 1 (GRXCR1), cause non-syndromic sensorineural deafness. To understand the deglutathionylating enzyme function of GRXCR1 in deafness, we generated two grxcr1 zebrafish mutant alleles. We found that hair bundles are thinner in homozygous grxcr1 mutants, similar to the USH1 mutants ush1c (Harmonin) and ush1ga (Sans). In vitro assays showed that glutathionylation promotes the interaction between Ush1c and Ush1ga and that Grxcr1 regulates mechanoreceptor development by preventing physical interaction between these proteins without affecting the assembly of another USH1 protein complex, the Ush1c-Cadherin23-Myosin7aa tripartite complex. By elucidating the molecular mechanism through which Grxcr1 functions, we also identify a mechanism that dynamically regulates the formation of Usher protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélie Clément
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Javier Fierro
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Sarah Stednitz
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Wegner
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | | | - Judy L Peirce
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Philip Washbourne
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Monte Westerfield
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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45
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Quinoxaline protects zebrafish lateral line hair cells from cisplatin and aminoglycosides damage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15119. [PMID: 30310154 PMCID: PMC6181994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33520-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cell (HC) death is the leading cause of hearing and balance disorders in humans. It can be triggered by multiple insults, including noise, aging, and treatment with certain therapeutic drugs. As society becomes more technologically advanced, the source of noise pollution and the use of drugs with ototoxic side effects are rapidly increasing, posing a threat to our hearing health. Although the underlying mechanism by which ototoxins affect auditory function varies, they share common intracellular byproducts, particularly generation of reactive oxygen species. Here, we described the therapeutic effect of the heterocyclic compound quinoxaline (Qx) against ototoxic insults in zebrafish HCs. Animals incubated with Qx were protected against the deleterious effects of cisplatin and gentamicin, and partially against neomycin. In the presence of Qx, there was a reduction in the number of TUNEL-positive HCs. Since Qx did not block the mechanotransduction channels, based on FM1-43 uptake and microphonic potentials, this implies that Qx’s otoprotective effect is at the intracellular level. Together, these results unravel a novel therapeutic role for Qx as an otoprotective drug against the deleterious side effects of cisplatin and aminoglycosides, offering an alternative option for patients treated with these compounds.
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46
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Angueyra JM, Kindt KS. Leveraging Zebrafish to Study Retinal Degenerations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:110. [PMID: 30283779 PMCID: PMC6156122 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerations are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by death of photoreceptors and progressive loss of vision. Retinal degenerations are a major cause of blindness in developed countries (Bourne et al., 2017; De Bode, 2017) and currently have no cure. In this review, we will briefly review the latest advances in therapies for retinal degenerations, highlighting the current barriers to study and develop therapies that promote photoreceptor regeneration in mammals. In light of these barriers, we present zebrafish as a powerful model to study photoreceptor regeneration and their integration into retinal circuits after regeneration. We outline why zebrafish is well suited for these analyses and summarize the powerful tools available in zebrafish that could be used to further uncover the mechanisms underlying photoreceptor regeneration and rewiring. In particular, we highlight that it is critical to understand how rewiring occurs after regeneration and how it differs from development. Insights derived from photoreceptor regeneration and rewiring in zebrafish may provide leverage to develop therapeutic targets to treat retinal degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Angueyra
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katie S. Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Kindt KS, Sheets L. Transmission Disrupted: Modeling Auditory Synaptopathy in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:114. [PMID: 30258843 PMCID: PMC6143809 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common form of hearing loss in humans, and results from either dysfunction in hair cells, the sensory receptors of sound, or the neurons that innervate hair cells. A specific type of sensorineural hearing loss, referred to as auditory synaptopathy, occurs when hair cells are able to detect sound but fail to transmit sound stimuli at the hair-cell synapse. Auditory synaptopathy can originate from genetic alterations that specifically disrupt hair-cell synapse function. Additionally, environmental factors such as noise exposure can leave hair cells intact but result in loss of hair-cell synapses, and represent an acquired form of auditory synaptopathy. The zebrafish model has emerged as a valuable system for studies of hair-cell function, and specifically hair-cell synaptopathy. In this review, we describe the experimental tools that have been developed to study hair-cell synapses in zebrafish. We discuss how zebrafish genetics has helped identify and define the roles of hair-cell synaptic proteins crucial for hearing in humans, and highlight how studies in zebrafish have contributed to our understanding of hair-cell synapse formation and function. In addition, we also discuss work that has used noise exposure or pharmacological mimic of noise-induced excitotoxicity in zebrafish to define cellular mechanisms underlying noise-induced hair-cell damage and synapse loss. Lastly, we highlight how future studies in zebrafish could enhance our understanding of the pathological processes underlying synapse loss in both genetic and acquired auditory synaptopathy. This knowledge is critical in order to develop therapies that protect or repair auditory synaptic contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S. Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, NIDCD/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lavinia Sheets
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Larval Zebrafish Lateral Line as a Model for Acoustic Trauma. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0206-18. [PMID: 30225343 PMCID: PMC6140105 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0206-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive noise exposure damages sensory hair cells, leading to permanent hearing loss. Zebrafish are a highly tractable model that have advanced our understanding of drug-induced hair cell death, yet no comparable model exists for noise exposure research. We demonstrate the utility of zebrafish as model to increase understanding of hair cell damage from acoustic trauma and develop protective therapies. We created an acoustic trauma system using underwater cavitation to stimulate lateral line hair cells. We found that acoustic stimulation resulted in exposure time- and intensity-dependent lateral line and saccular hair cell damage that is maximal at 48–72 h post-trauma. The number of TUNEL+ lateral line hair cells increased 72 h post-exposure, whereas no increase was observed in TUNEL+ supporting cells, demonstrating that acoustic stimulation causes hair cell-specific damage. Lateral line hair cells damaged by acoustic stimulation regenerate within 3 d, consistent with prior regeneration studies utilizing ototoxic drugs. Acoustic stimulation-induced hair cell damage is attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of protein synthesis or caspase activation, suggesting a requirement for translation and activation of apoptotic signaling cascades. Surviving hair cells exposed to acoustic stimulation showed signs of synaptopathy, consistent with mammalian studies. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of this platform to identify compounds that prevent acoustic trauma by screening a small redox library for protective compounds. Our data suggest that acoustic stimulation results in lateral line hair cell damage consistent with acoustic trauma research in mammals, providing a highly tractable model for high-throughput genetic and drug discovery studies.
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Inner Workings: Zebrafish assay forges new approach to drug discovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5306-5308. [PMID: 29789338 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806440115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Development of vestibular behaviors in zebrafish. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 53:83-89. [PMID: 29957408 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Most animals orient their bodies with respect to gravity to facilitate locomotion and perception. The neural circuits responsible for these orienting movements have long served as a model to address fundamental questions in systems neuroscience. Though postural control is vital, we know little about development of either balance reflexes or the neural circuitry that produces them. Recent work in a genetically and optically accessible vertebrate, the larval zebrafish, has begun to reveal the mechanisms by which such vestibular behaviors and circuits come to function. Here we highlight recent work that leverages the particular advantages of the larval zebrafish to illuminate mechanisms of postural development, the role of sensation for balance circuit development, and the organization of developing vestibular circuits. Further, we frame open questions regarding the developmental mechanisms for functional circuit assembly and maturation where studying the zebrafish vestibular system is likely to open new frontiers.
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