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Lin L, Liu J, Pan Z, Pang W, Jiang X, Lei M, Gao J, Xiao Y, Li B, Hu F, Bao Z, Wei X, Wu W, Gu B. General Post-Regulation Strategy of AIEgens' Photophysical Properties for Intravital Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404792. [PMID: 39119825 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Fluorogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgens) are promising agents for two-photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging. However, AIEgens' photophysical properties are fixed and unoptimizable once synthesized. Therefore, it is urgent and meaningful to explore an efficient post-regulation strategy to optimize AIEgens' photophysical properties. Herein, a general and efficient post-regulation strategy is reported. By simply tuning the ratio of inert AIEgens within binary nanoparticles (BNPs), the fluorescence quantum yield and two-photon absorption cross-section of functional AIEgens are enhanced by 8.7 and 5.4 times respectively, which are not achievable by conventional strategies, and the notorious phototoxicity is almost eliminated. The experimental results, theoretical simulation, and mechanism analysis demonstrated its feasibility and generality. The BNPs enabled deep cerebrovascular network imaging with ≈1.10 mm depth and metastatic cancer cell detection with single-cell resolution. Furthermore, the TPF imaging quality is improved by the self-supervised denoising algorithm. The proposed binary molecular post-regulation strategy opened a new avenue to efficiently boost the AIEgens' photophysical properties and consequently TPF imaging quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhengyuan Pan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wen Pang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xinyan Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Man Lei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jucai Gao
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yujie Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhouzhou Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department and International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bobo Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
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2
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Iyer RR, Applegate CC, Arogundade OH, Bangru S, Berg IC, Emon B, Porras-Gomez M, Hsieh PH, Jeong Y, Kim Y, Knox HJ, Moghaddam AO, Renteria CA, Richard C, Santaliz-Casiano A, Sengupta S, Wang J, Zambuto SG, Zeballos MA, Pool M, Bhargava R, Gaskins HR. Inspiring a convergent engineering approach to measure and model the tissue microenvironment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32546. [PMID: 38975228 PMCID: PMC11226808 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular and physical complexity of the tissue microenvironment (TiME) in the context of its spatiotemporal organization has remained an enduring challenge. Recent advances in engineering and data science are now promising the ability to study the structure, functions, and dynamics of the TiME in unprecedented detail; however, many advances still occur in silos that rarely integrate information to study the TiME in its full detail. This review provides an integrative overview of the engineering principles underlying chemical, optical, electrical, mechanical, and computational science to probe, sense, model, and fabricate the TiME. In individual sections, we first summarize the underlying principles, capabilities, and scope of emerging technologies, the breakthrough discoveries enabled by each technology and recent, promising innovations. We provide perspectives on the potential of these advances in answering critical questions about the TiME and its role in various disease and developmental processes. Finally, we present an integrative view that appreciates the major scientific and educational aspects in the study of the TiME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishyashring R. Iyer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Catherine C. Applegate
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Opeyemi H. Arogundade
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sushant Bangru
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ian C. Berg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Bashar Emon
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Marilyn Porras-Gomez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Hsieh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yoon Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yongdeok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hailey J. Knox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Amir Ostadi Moghaddam
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Carlos A. Renteria
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Craig Richard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ashlie Santaliz-Casiano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sourya Sengupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Samantha G. Zambuto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Maria A. Zeballos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Marcia Pool
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- NIH/NIBIB P41 Center for Label-free Imaging and Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - H. Rex Gaskins
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Goldman C, Kareva T, Sarrafha L, Schuldt BR, Sahasrabudhe A, Ahfeldt T, Blanchard JW. Genetically Encoded and Modular SubCellular Organelle Probes (GEM-SCOPe) reveal lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction driven by PRKN knockout. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.594886. [PMID: 38979135 PMCID: PMC11230217 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.594886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular processes including lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated in the development of many diseases. Quantitative visualization of mitochondria and lysosoesl is crucial to understand how these organelles are dysregulated during disease. To address a gap in live-imaging tools, we developed GEM-SCOPe (Genetically Encoded and Modular SubCellular Organelle Probes), a modular toolbox of fluorescent markers designed to inform on localization, distribution, turnover, and oxidative stress of specific organelles. We expressed GEM-SCOPe in differentiated astrocytes and neurons from a human pluripotent stem cell PRKN-knockout model of Parkinson's disease and identified disease-associated changes in proliferation, lysosomal distribution, mitochondrial transport and turnover, and reactive oxygen species. We demonstrate GEM-SCOPe is a powerful panel that provide critical insight into the subcellular mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease in human cells. GEM-SCOPe can be expanded upon and applied to a diversity of cellular models to glean an understanding of the mechanisms that promote disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Goldman
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatyana Kareva
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lily Sarrafha
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Braxton R. Schuldt
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abhishek Sahasrabudhe
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim Ahfeldt
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel W. Blanchard
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Lead Contact
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4
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Rich PD, Thiberge SY, Scott BB, Guo C, Tervo DGR, Brody CD, Karpova AY, Daw ND, Tank DW. Magnetic voluntary head-fixation in transgenic rats enables lifespan imaging of hippocampal neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4154. [PMID: 38755205 PMCID: PMC11099169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The precise neural mechanisms within the brain that contribute to the remarkable lifetime persistence of memory are not fully understood. Two-photon calcium imaging allows the activity of individual cells to be followed across long periods, but conventional approaches require head-fixation, which limits the type of behavior that can be studied. We present a magnetic voluntary head-fixation system that provides stable optical access to the brain during complex behavior. Compared to previous systems that used mechanical restraint, there are no moving parts and animals can engage and disengage entirely at will. This system is failsafe, easy for animals to use and reliable enough to allow long-term experiments to be routinely performed. Animals completed hundreds of trials per session of an odor discrimination task that required 2-4 s fixations. Together with a reflectance fluorescence collection scheme that increases two-photon signal and a transgenic Thy1-GCaMP6f rat line, we are able to reliably image the cellular activity in the hippocampus during behavior over long periods (median 6 months), allowing us track the same neurons over a large fraction of animals' lives (up to 19 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dylan Rich
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Benjamin B Scott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caiying Guo
- Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - D Gowanlock R Tervo
- Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Carlos D Brody
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Alla Y Karpova
- Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Daw
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David W Tank
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Bezos Center for Neural Circuit Dynamics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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5
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Gonzalez-Ramos A, Puigsasllosas-Pastor C, Arcas-Marquez A, Tornero D. Updated Toolbox for Assessing Neuronal Network Reconstruction after Cell Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:487. [PMID: 38790353 PMCID: PMC11118929 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has proven to be a promising treatment for a range of neurological disorders, including Parkinson Disease, drug-resistant epilepsy, and stroke, by restoring function after brain damage. Nevertheless, evaluating the true effectiveness of these therapeutic interventions requires a deep understanding of the functional integration of grafted cells into existing neural networks. This review explores a powerful arsenal of molecular techniques revolutionizing our ability to unveil functional integration of grafted cells within the host brain. From precise manipulation of neuronal activity to pinpoint the functional contribution of transplanted cells by using opto- and chemo-genetics, to real-time monitoring of neuronal dynamics shedding light on functional connectivity within the reconstructed circuits by using genetically encoded (calcium) indicators in vivo. Finally, structural reconstruction and mapping communication pathways between grafted and host neurons can be achieved by monosynaptic tracing with viral vectors. The cutting-edge toolbox presented here holds immense promise for elucidating the impact of cell therapy on neural circuitry and guiding the development of more effective treatments for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gonzalez-Ramos
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Claudia Puigsasllosas-Pastor
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Damage, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Arcas-Marquez
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Damage, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Damage, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Shibukawa A, Higuchi R, Song G, Mikami H, Sudo Y, Jang M. Large-volume focus control at 10 MHz refresh rate via fast line-scanning amplitude-encoded scattering-assisted holography. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2926. [PMID: 38589389 PMCID: PMC11001868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The capability of focus control has been central to optical technologies that require both high temporal and spatial resolutions. However, existing varifocal lens schemes are commonly limited to the response time on the microsecond timescale and share the fundamental trade-off between the response time and the tuning power. Here, we propose an ultrafast holographic focusing method enabled by translating the speed of a fast 1D beam scanner into the speed of the complex wavefront modulation of a relatively slow 2D spatial light modulator. Using a pair of a digital micromirror device and a resonant scanner, we demonstrate an unprecedented refresh rate of focus control of 31 MHz, which is more than 1,000 times faster than the switching rate of a digital micromirror device. We also show that multiple micrometer-sized focal spots can be independently addressed in a range of over 1 MHz within a large volume of 5 mm × 5 mm × 5.5 mm, validating the superior spatiotemporal characteristics of the proposed technique - high temporal and spatial precision, high tuning power, and random accessibility in a three-dimensional space. The demonstrated scheme offers a new route towards three-dimensional light manipulation in the 100 MHz regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shibukawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ryota Higuchi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Gookho Song
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hideharu Mikami
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Yuki Sudo
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Mooseok Jang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Yu Y, Adsit LM, Smith IT. Comprehensive software suite for functional analysis and synaptic input mapping of dendritic spines imaged in vivo. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:024307. [PMID: 38628980 PMCID: PMC11021036 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.2.024307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Significance Advances in genetically encoded sensors and two-photon imaging have unlocked functional imaging at the level of single dendritic spines. Synaptic activity can be measured in real time in awake animals. However, tools are needed to facilitate the analysis of the large datasets acquired by the approach. Commonly available software suites for imaging calcium transients in cell bodies are ill-suited for spine imaging as dendritic spines have structural characteristics distinct from those of the cell bodies. We present an automated tuning analysis tool (AUTOTUNE), which provides analysis routines specifically developed for the extraction and analysis of signals from subcellular compartments, including dendritic subregions and spines. Aim Although the acquisition of in vivo functional synaptic imaging data is increasingly accessible, a hurdle remains in the computation-heavy analyses of the acquired data. The aim of this study is to overcome this barrier by offering a comprehensive software suite with a user-friendly interface for easy access to nonprogrammers. Approach We demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of our software with demo analyses of dendritic imaging data acquired from layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in mouse V1 in vivo. A user manual and demo datasets are also provided. Results AUTOTUNE provides a robust workflow for analyzing functional imaging data from neuronal dendrites. Features include source image registration, segmentation of regions-of-interest and detection of structural turnover, fluorescence transient extraction and smoothing, subtraction of signals from putative backpropagating action potentials, and stimulus and behavioral parameter response tuning analyses. Conclusions AUTOTUNE is open-source and extendable for diverse functional synaptic imaging experiments. The ease of functional characterization of dendritic spine activity provided by our software can accelerate new functional studies that complement decades of morphological studies of dendrites, and further expand our understanding of neural circuits in health and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yu
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Liam M. Adsit
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Ikuko T. Smith
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Santa Barbara, California, United States
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Neuroscience Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, United States
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Santa Barbara, California, United States
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Free T. Recording the brain in vivo: emerging technologies for the exploration of mental health conditions. Biotechniques 2024; 76:121-124. [PMID: 38482795 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2024-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Standfirst Mounting interest in mental health conditions over the last two decades has been coupled with the increasing sophistication of techniques to study the brain in vivo. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Free
- Senior Digital Editor, Taylor & Francis, Unitec House, 2 Albert Place, London, N3 1QB, UK
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9
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Luu P, Fraser SE, Schneider F. More than double the fun with two-photon excitation microscopy. Commun Biol 2024; 7:364. [PMID: 38531976 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
For generations researchers have been observing the dynamic processes of life through the lens of a microscope. This has offered tremendous insights into biological phenomena that span multiple orders of time- and length-scales ranging from the pure magic of molecular reorganization at the membrane of immune cells, to cell migration and differentiation during development or wound healing. Standard fluorescence microscopy techniques offer glimpses at such processes in vitro, however, when applied in intact systems, they are challenged by reduced signal strengths and signal-to-noise ratios that result from deeper imaging. As a remedy, two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy takes a special place, because it allows us to investigate processes in vivo, in their natural environment, even in a living animal. Here, we review the fundamental principles underlying TPE aimed at basic and advanced microscopy users interested in adopting TPE for intravital imaging. We focus on applications in neurobiology, present current trends towards faster, wider and deeper imaging, discuss the combination with photon counting technologies for metabolic imaging and spectroscopy, as well as highlight outstanding issues and drawbacks in development and application of these methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Luu
- Translational Imaging Center, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Translational Imaging Center, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Alfred Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Falk Schneider
- Translational Imaging Center, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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10
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Zhu X, Gu L, Li R, Chen L, Chen J, Zhou N, Ren W. MiniMounter: A low-cost miniaturized microscopy development toolkit for image quality control and enhancement. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300214. [PMID: 37877307 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Head-mounted miniaturized fluorescence microscopy (Miniscope) has emerged as a significant tool in neuroscience, particularly for behavioral studies in awake rodents. However, the challenges of image quality control and standardization persist for both Miniscope users and developers. In this study, we propose a cost-effective and comprehensive toolkit named MiniMounter. This toolkit comprises a hardware platform that offers customized grippers and four-degree-of-freedom adjustment for Miniscope, along with software that integrates displacement control, image quality evaluation, and enhancement of 3D visualization. Our toolkit makes it feasible to accurately characterize Miniscope. Furthermore, MiniMounter enables auto-focusing and 3D imaging for Miniscope prototypes that possess solely a 2D imaging function, as demonstrated in phantom and animal experiments. Overall, the implementation of MiniMounter effectively enhances image quality, reduces the time required for experimental operations and image evaluation, and consequently accelerates the development and research cycle for both users and developers within the Miniscope community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhu
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangtao Gu
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuwei Ren
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Wang WC, Li MY, Peng KC, Hsu YF, Estroff B, Yen PY, Schipf D, Wu WJ. Mirrorless MEMS imaging: a nonlinear vibrational approach utilizing aerosol-jetted PZT-actuated fiber MEMS scanner for microscale illumination. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:13. [PMID: 38259520 PMCID: PMC10800347 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel image capture and lighting techniques using a cutting-edge hybrid MEMS scanner system designed for compact microscopic imaging. The scanner comprises a tapered optical fiber waveguide and innovative aerosol-jet printed PZT (lead zirconate titanate) bimorph push-pull actuators on a stainless-steel substrate, effectively addressing issues that are commonly associated with PZT on silicon substrates such as fracture and layer separation. By leveraging nonlinear vibration, the scanner achieves a spiral scan pattern from a single signal input, in addition to the expected two-dimensional scanning and target illumination from two phase-shifted inputs. This capability is further enhanced by a novel process to taper the optical fiber, which reduces illumination scattering and tunes the fiber to the resonant frequencies of the scanner. The precisely tapered tip enables large fields of view while maintaining independent 2-axis scanning through one-degree-of-freedom actuation. Experimental validation showcases the successful generation of a spiral scan pattern with a 60 μm diameter scan area and a 10 Hz frame rate, effectively reconstructing scanned images of 5 μm lines, cross patterns (15 μm in length with a 5 μm gap), and structures of a Psychodidae wing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 China
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Ming-Yao Li
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 China
| | - Kuan-Chang Peng
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 China
| | - Yi-Feng Hsu
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 China
| | - Benjamin Estroff
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Pao-Yun Yen
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 China
| | - David Schipf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Wen-Jong Wu
- Department of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, China
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12
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Xue F, Li F, Zhang KM, Ding L, Wang Y, Zhao X, Xu F, Zhang D, Sun M, Lau PM, Zhu Q, Zhou P, Bi GQ. Multi-region calcium imaging in freely behaving mice with ultra-compact head-mounted fluorescence microscopes. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad294. [PMID: 38288367 PMCID: PMC10824555 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the circuit-level neural mechanisms of behavior, simultaneous imaging of neuronal activity in multiple cortical and subcortical regions is highly desired. Miniature head-mounted microscopes offer the capability of calcium imaging in freely behaving animals. However, implanting multiple microscopes on a mouse brain remains challenging due to space constraints and the cumbersome weight of the equipment. Here, we present TINIscope, a Tightly Integrated Neuronal Imaging microscope optimized for electronic and opto-mechanical design. With its compact and lightweight design of 0.43 g, TINIscope enables unprecedented simultaneous imaging of behavior-relevant activity in up to four brain regions in mice. Proof-of-concept experiments with TINIscope recorded over 1000 neurons in four hippocampal subregions and revealed concurrent activity patterns spanning across these regions. Moreover, we explored potential multi-modal experimental designs by integrating additional modules for optogenetics, electrical stimulation or local field potential recordings. Overall, TINIscope represents a timely and indispensable tool for studying the brain-wide interregional coordination that underlies unrestrained behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instruments, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fei Li
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ke-ming Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lufeng Ding
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- Department of Modern Life Sciences and Biotecnology, Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Xiongan New Area, Xiongan 071899, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Danke Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingzhai Sun
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pak-Ming Lau
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
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13
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Phillips ML, Urban NT, Salemi T, Dong Z, Yasuda R. Functional imaging of nine distinct neuronal populations under a miniscope in freely behaving animals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.13.571122. [PMID: 38168225 PMCID: PMC10760119 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Head-mounted miniscopes have allowed for functional fluorescence imaging in freely moving animals. However, current capabilities of state-of-the-art technology can record only up to two, spectrally distinct fluorophores. This severely limits the number of cell types identifiable in a functional imaging experiment. Here we present a pipeline that enables the distinction of nine neuronal subtypes from regions defined by behaviorally relevant cells during in vivo GCaMP imaging. These subtypes are identified utilizing unique fluorophores that are co-expressed with GCaMP, unmixed by spectral imaging on a confocal microscope and co-registering these spectral fingerprints with functional data obtained on miniaturized microscopes. This method facilitates detailed analyses of circuit-level encoding of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L. Phillips
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL
- ZEISS Research Microscopy Solutions, White Plains, NY
| | | | - Taddeo Salemi
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL
| | | | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL
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14
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Zhou ZC, Gordon-Fennell A, Piantadosi SC, Ji N, Smith SL, Bruchas MR, Stuber GD. Deep-brain optical recording of neural dynamics during behavior. Neuron 2023; 111:3716-3738. [PMID: 37804833 PMCID: PMC10843303 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
In vivo fluorescence recording techniques have produced landmark discoveries in neuroscience, providing insight into how single cell and circuit-level computations mediate sensory processing and generate complex behaviors. While much attention has been given to recording from cortical brain regions, deep-brain fluorescence recording is more complex because it requires additional measures to gain optical access to harder to reach brain nuclei. Here we discuss detailed considerations and tradeoffs regarding deep-brain fluorescence recording techniques and provide a comprehensive guide for all major steps involved, from project planning to data analysis. The goal is to impart guidance for new and experienced investigators seeking to use in vivo deep fluorescence optical recordings in awake, behaving rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Charles Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adam Gordon-Fennell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sean C Piantadosi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Na Ji
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Spencer LaVere Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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15
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Li X. Technologies for depth scanning in miniature optical imaging systems [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6542-6562. [PMID: 38420321 PMCID: PMC10898578 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Biomedical optical imaging has found numerous clinical and research applications. For achieving 3D imaging, depth scanning presents the most significant challenge, particularly in miniature imaging devices. This paper reviews the state-of-art technologies for depth scanning in miniature optical imaging systems, which include two general approaches: 1) physically shifting part of or the entire imaging device to allow imaging at different depths and 2) optically changing the focus of the imaging optics. We mainly focus on the second group of methods, introducing a wide variety of tunable microlenses, covering the underlying physics, actuation mechanisms, and imaging performance. Representative applications in clinical and neuroscience research are briefly presented. Major challenges and future perspectives of depth/focus scanning technologies for biomedical optical imaging are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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16
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Kim SJ, Affan RO, Frostig H, Scott BB, Alexander AS. Advances in cellular resolution microscopy for brain imaging in rats. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:044304. [PMID: 38076724 PMCID: PMC10704261 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.4.044304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Rats are used in neuroscience research because of their physiological similarities with humans and accessibility as model organisms, trainability, and behavioral repertoire. In particular, rats perform a wide range of sophisticated social, cognitive, motor, and learning behaviors within the contexts of both naturalistic and laboratory environments. Further progress in neuroscience can be facilitated by using advanced imaging methods to measure the complex neural and physiological processes during behavior in rats. However, compared with the mouse, the rat nervous system offers a set of challenges, such as larger brain size, decreased neuron density, and difficulty with head restraint. Here, we review recent advances in in vivo imaging techniques in rats with a special focus on open-source solutions for calcium imaging. Finally, we provide suggestions for both users and developers of in vivo imaging systems for rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rifqi O. Affan
- Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hadas Frostig
- Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Benjamin B. Scott
- Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center and Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew S. Alexander
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Santa Barbara, California, United States
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17
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Zhao C, Zhu Y, Zhang D, Fu Q, Pan M, Wu R, Wang A, Cheng H. Millimeter field-of-view miniature two-photon microscopy for brain imaging in freely moving mice. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32925-32934. [PMID: 37859084 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Development of miniature two-photon microscopy (m2PM) has made it possible to observe fine structure and activity of neurons in the brain of freely moving animals. However, the imaging field-of-view of existing m2PM is still significantly smaller than that of miniature single-photon microscopy. Here we report that, through the design of low-magnification objective, large field-of-view scan lens and small tilt angle microscanner, a 2.5-g m2PM achieved a field-of-view of 1000 × 788 µm2, comparable to that of a typical single-photon miniscope. We demonstrated its capability by imaging neurons, dendrites and spines in the millimeter field-of-view, and simultaneous recording calcium activities, through a gradient-index lens, of approximately 400 neurons in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 in a freely moving mouse. Integrated with a detachable 1.2-g fast z-scanning module, it enables a 1000 × 788 × 500 µm3 volumetric neuronal imaging in the cerebral cortex. Thus, millimeter FOV m2PM provides a powerful tool for deciphering neuronal population dynamics in experimental paradigms allowing for animal's free movement.
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18
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Wang C, Chen Q, Liu H, Wu R, Jiang X, Fu Q, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Yu B, Jiao H, Wang A, Xiao S, Feng L. Miniature Two-Photon Microscopic Imaging Using Dielectric Metalens. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8256-8263. [PMID: 37651617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Miniature two-photon microscopy has emerged as a powerful technique for investigating brain activity in freely moving animals. Ongoing research objectives include reducing probe weight and minimizing animal behavior constraints caused by probe attachment. Employing dielectric metalenses, which enable the use of sizable optical components in flat device structures while maintaining imaging resolution, is a promising solution for addressing these challenges. In this study, we designed and fabricated a titanium dioxide metalens with a wavelength of 920 nm and a high aspect ratio. Furthermore, a meta-optic two-photon microscope weighing 1.36 g was developed. This meta-optic probe has a lateral resolution of 0.92 μm and an axial resolution of 18.08 μm. Experimentally, two-photon imaging of mouse brain structures in vivo was also demonstrated. The flat dielectric metalens technique holds promising opportunities for high-performance integrated miniature nonlinear microscopy and endomicroscopy platforms in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghao Wang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qinmiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huilan Liu
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Runlong Wu
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bosong Yu
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongchen Jiao
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lishuang Feng
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou 310063, China
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19
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Newman JP, Zhang J, Cuevas-López A, Miller NJ, Honda T, van der Goes MSH, Leighton AH, Carvalho F, Lopes G, Lakunina A, Siegle JH, Harnett MT, Wilson MA, Voigts J. A unified open-source platform for multimodal neural recording and perturbation during naturalistic behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.554672. [PMID: 37693443 PMCID: PMC10491150 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.554672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral neuroscience faces two conflicting demands: long-duration recordings from large neural populations and unimpeded animal behavior. To meet this challenge, we developed ONIX, an open-source data acquisition system with high data throughput (2GB/sec) and low closed-loop latencies (<1ms) that uses a novel 0.3 mm thin tether to minimize behavioral impact. Head position and rotation are tracked in 3D and used to drive active commutation without torque measurements. ONIX can acquire from combinations of passive electrodes, Neuropixels probes, head-mounted microscopes, cameras, 3D-trackers, and other data sources. We used ONIX to perform uninterrupted, long (~7 hours) neural recordings in mice as they traversed complex 3-dimensional terrain. ONIX allowed exploration with similar mobility as non-implanted animals, in contrast to conventional tethered systems which restricted movement. By combining long recordings with full mobility, our technology will enable new progress on questions that require high-quality neural recordings during ethologically grounded behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Newman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Open Ephys Inc. Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aarón Cuevas-López
- Open Ephys Inc. Atlanta, GA, USA
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Open Ephys Production Site, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nicholas J Miller
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takato Honda
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Sophie H van der Goes
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anna Lakunina
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua H Siegle
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark T Harnett
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew A Wilson
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jakob Voigts
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Open Ephys Inc. Atlanta, GA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
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20
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Liu X, Irwin DA, Huang C, Gu Y, Chen L, Donohue KD, Chen L, Yu G. A Wearable Fiber-Free Optical Sensor for Continuous Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow in Freely Behaving Mice. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:1838-1848. [PMID: 37015409 PMCID: PMC10542964 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3229513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wearable technologies for functional brain monitoring in freely behaving subjects can advance our understanding of cognitive processing and adaptive behavior. Existing technologies are lacking in this capability or need procedures that are invasive and/or otherwise impede brain assessments during social behavioral conditions, exercise, and sleep. METHODS In response a complete system was developed to combine relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurement, O2 and CO2 supplies, and behavior recording for use on conscious, freely behaving mice. An innovative diffuse speckle contrast flowmetry (DSCF) device and associated hardware were miniaturized and optimized for rCBF measurements in small subject applications. The use of this wearable, fiber-free, near-infrared DSCF head-stage/probe allowed no craniotomy, minimally invasive probe implantation, and minimal restraint of the awake animal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Significant correlations were found between measurements with the new DSCF design and an optical standard. The system successfully detected rCBF responses to CO2-induced hypercapnia in both anesthetized and freely behaving mice. SIGNIFICANCE Collecting rCBF and activity information together during natural behaviors provides realistic physiological results and opens the path to exploring their correlations with pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Daniel A. Irwin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yutong Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kevin D. Donohue
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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21
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Zhao C, Chen S, Zhang L, Zhang D, Wu R, Hu Y, Zeng F, Li Y, Wu D, Yu F, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Chen L, Wang A, Cheng H. Miniature three-photon microscopy maximized for scattered fluorescence collection. Nat Methods 2023; 20:617-622. [PMID: 36823329 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
In deep-tissue multiphoton microscopy, diffusion and scattering of fluorescent photons, rather than ballistic emanation from the focal point, have been a confounding factor. Here we report on a 2.17-g miniature three-photon microscope (m3PM) with a configuration that maximizes fluorescence collection when imaging in highly scattering regimes. We demonstrate its capability by imaging calcium activity throughout the entire cortex and dorsal hippocampal CA1, up to 1.2 mm depth, at a safe laser power. It also enables the detection of sensorimotor behavior-correlated activities of layer 6 neurons in the posterior parietal cortex in freely moving mice during single-pellet reaching tasks. Thus, m3PM-empowered imaging allows the study of neural mechanisms in deep cortex and subcortical structures, like the dorsal hippocampus and dorsal striatum, in freely behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhu Zhao
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing Raygen Health, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Runlong Wu
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yijun Li
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech, Beijing, China
| | - Dakun Wu
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Heping Cheng
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing Raygen Health, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Lecoq JA, Boehringer R, Grewe BF. Deep brain imaging on the move. Nat Methods 2023; 20:495-496. [PMID: 36869123 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Boehringer
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin F Grewe
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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23
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Toader AC, Regalado JM, Li YR, Terceros A, Yadav N, Kumar S, Satow S, Hollunder F, Bonito-Oliva A, Rajasethupathy P. Anteromedial thalamus gates the selection and stabilization of long-term memories. Cell 2023; 186:1369-1381.e17. [PMID: 37001501 PMCID: PMC10169089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Memories initially formed in hippocampus gradually stabilize to cortex over weeks-to-months for long-term storage. The mechanistic details of this brain re-organization remain poorly understood. We recorded bulk neural activity in circuits that link hippocampus and cortex as mice performed a memory-guided virtual-reality task over weeks. We identified a prominent and sustained neural correlate of memory in anterior thalamus, whose inhibition substantially disrupted memory consolidation. More strikingly, gain amplification enhanced consolidation of otherwise unconsolidated memories. To gain mechanistic insights, we developed a technology for simultaneous cellular-resolution imaging of hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex throughout consolidation. We found that whereas hippocampus equally encodes multiple memories, the anteromedial thalamus preferentially encodes salient memories, and gradually increases correlations with cortex to facilitate tuning and synchronization of cortical ensembles. We thus identify a thalamo-cortical circuit that gates memory consolidation and propose a mechanism suitable for the selection and stabilization of hippocampal memories into longer-term cortical storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Toader
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Josue M Regalado
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yan Ran Li
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrea Terceros
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nakul Yadav
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Suraj Kumar
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sloane Satow
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Florian Hollunder
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alessandra Bonito-Oliva
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Priya Rajasethupathy
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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24
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Bijoch Ł, Włodkowska U, Kasztelanic R, Pawłowska M, Pysz D, Kaczmarek L, Lapkiewicz R, Buczyński R, Czajkowski R. Novel Design and Application of High-NA Fiber Imaging Bundles for In Vivo Brain Imaging with Two-Photon Scanning Fluorescence Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12831-12841. [PMID: 36880640 PMCID: PMC10020965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we provide experimental verification supporting the use of short-section imaging bundles for two-photon microscopy imaging of the mouse brain. The 8 mm long bundle is made of a pair of heavy-metal oxide glasses with a refractive index contrast of 0.38 to ensure a high numerical aperture NA = 1.15. The bundle is composed of 825 multimode cores, ordered in a hexagonal lattice with a pixel size of 14 μm and a total diameter of 914 μm. We demonstrate successful imaging through custom-made bundles with 14 μm resolution. As the input, we used a 910 nm Ti-sapphire laser with 140 fs pulse and a peak power of 9 × 104 W. The excitation beam and fluorescent image were transferred through the fiber imaging bundle. As test samples, we used 1 μm green fluorescent latex beads, ex vivo hippocampal neurons expressing green fluorescent protein and cortical neurons in vivo expressing the fluorescent reporter GCaMP6s or immediate early gene Fos fluorescent reporter. This system can be used for minimal-invasive in vivo imaging of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, or deep brain areas as a part of a tabletop system or an implantable setup. It is a low-cost solution, easy to integrate and operate for high-throughput experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bijoch
- BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Urszula Włodkowska
- Nencki
Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Rafał Kasztelanic
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute
of Microelectronics and Photonics, Lukasiewicz
Research Network, Al.
Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Pawłowska
- BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pysz
- Institute
of Microelectronics and Photonics, Lukasiewicz
Research Network, Al.
Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Radek Lapkiewicz
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Buczyński
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute
of Microelectronics and Photonics, Lukasiewicz
Research Network, Al.
Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Czajkowski
- Nencki
Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
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25
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Yu X, Zhou L, Qi T, Zhao H, Xie H. MEMS Enabled Miniature Two-Photon Microscopy for Biomedical Imaging. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:470. [PMID: 36838170 PMCID: PMC9958604 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, two-photon microscopy (TPM) has been the technique of choice for in vivo noninvasive optical brain imaging for neuroscientific study or intra-vital microendoscopic imaging for clinical diagnosis or surgical guidance because of its intrinsic capability of optical sectioning for imaging deeply below the tissue surface with sub-cellular resolution. However, most of these research activities and clinical applications are constrained by the bulky size of traditional TMP systems. An attractive solution is to develop miniaturized TPMs, but this is challenged by the difficulty of the integration of dynamically scanning optical and mechanical components into a small space. Fortunately, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, together with other emerging micro-optics techniques, has offered promising opportunities in enabling miniaturized TPMs. In this paper, the latest advancements in both lateral scan and axial scan techniques and the progress of miniaturized TPM imaging will be reviewed in detail. Miniature TPM probes with lateral 2D scanning mechanisms, including electrostatic, electromagnetic, and electrothermal actuation, are reviewed. Miniature TPM probes with axial scanning mechanisms, such as MEMS microlenses, remote-focus, liquid lenses, and deformable MEMS mirrors, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Effect of Physical Field and Instrument, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tingxiang Qi
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing 401332, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing 401332, China
- Foshan Lightview Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Huikai Xie
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing 401332, China
- Foshan Lightview Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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26
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Guo C, Wang A, Cheng H, Chen L. New imaging instrument in animal models: Two-photon miniature microscope and large field of view miniature microscope for freely behaving animals. J Neurochem 2023; 164:270-283. [PMID: 36281555 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, novel optical imaging tools have been developed for imaging neuronal activities along with the evolution of fluorescence indicators with brighter expression and higher sensitivity. Miniature microscopes, as revolutionary approaches, enable the imaging of large populations of neuron ensembles in freely behaving rodents and mammals, which allows exploring the neural basis of behaviors. Recent progress in two-photon miniature microscopes and mesoscale single-photon miniature microscopes further expand those affordable methods to navigate neural activities during naturalistic behaviors. In this review article, two-photon miniature microscopy techniques are summarized historically from the first documented attempt to the latest ones, and comparisons are made. The driving force behind and their potential for neuroscientific inquiries are also discussed. Current progress in terms of the mesoscale, i.e., the large field-of-view miniature microscopy technique, is addressed as well. Then, pipelines for registering single cells from the data of two-photon and large field-of-view miniature microscopes are discussed. Finally, we present the potential evolution of the techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Guo
- Beijing Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China
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27
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Kučikas V, Werner MP, Schmitz-Rode T, Louradour F, van Zandvoort MAMJ. Two-Photon Endoscopy: State of the Art and Perspectives. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:3-17. [PMID: 34779969 PMCID: PMC9971078 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for non-destructive deep-tissue imaging modalities has led to interest in multiphoton endoscopy. In contrast to bench top systems, multiphoton endoscopy enables subcellular resolution imaging in areas not reachable before. Several groups have recently presented their development towards the goal of producing user friendly plug and play system, which could be used in biological research and, potentially, clinical applications. We first present the technological challenges, prerequisites, and solutions in two-photon endoscopic systems. Secondly, we focus on the applications already found in literature. These applications mostly serve as a quality check of the built system, but do not answer a specific biomedical research question. Therefore, in the last part, we will describe our vision on the enormous potential applicability of adult two-photon endoscopic systems in biological and clinical research. We will thus bring forward the concept that two-photon endoscopy is a sine qua non in bringing this technique to the forefront in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Kučikas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,XLIM Research Institute, Limoges University, CNRS, Limoges, France.
| | - Maximilian P Werner
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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28
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Basiński K, Quiroga-Martinez DR, Vuust P. Temporal hierarchies in the predictive processing of melody - From pure tones to songs. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 145:105007. [PMID: 36535375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Listening to musical melodies is a complex task that engages perceptual and memoryrelated processes. The processes underlying melody cognition happen simultaneously on different timescales, ranging from milliseconds to minutes. Although attempts have been made, research on melody perception is yet to produce a unified framework of how melody processing is achieved in the brain. This may in part be due to the difficulty of integrating concepts such as perception, attention and memory, which pertain to different temporal scales. Recent theories on brain processing, which hold prediction as a fundamental principle, offer potential solutions to this problem and may provide a unifying framework for explaining the neural processes that enable melody perception on multiple temporal levels. In this article, we review empirical evidence for predictive coding on the levels of pitch formation, basic pitch-related auditory patterns,more complex regularity processing extracted from basic patterns and long-term expectations related to musical syntax. We also identify areas that would benefit from further inquiry and suggest future directions in research on musical melody perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Basiński
- Division of Quality of Life Research, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - David Ricardo Quiroga-Martinez
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, USA; Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music, Denmark
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music, Denmark
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29
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Toader AC, Regalado JM, Li YR, Terceros A, Yadav N, Kumar S, Satow S, Hollunder F, Bonito-Oliva A, Rajasethupathy P. Anteromedial Thalamus Gates the Selection & Stabilization of Long-Term Memories. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525908. [PMID: 36747720 PMCID: PMC9900928 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Memories initially formed in hippocampus gradually stabilize to cortex, over weeks-to-months, for long-term storage. The mechanistic details of this brain re-organization process remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed a virtual-reality based behavioral task and observed neural activity patterns associated with memory reorganization and stabilization over weeks-long timescales. Initial photometry recordings in circuits that link hippocampus and cortex revealed a unique and prominent neural correlate of memory in anterior thalamus that emerged in training and persisted for several weeks. Inhibition of the anteromedial thalamus-to-anterior cingulate cortex projections during training resulted in substantial memory consolidation deficits, and gain amplification more strikingly, was sufficient to enhance consolidation of otherwise unconsolidated memories. To provide mechanistic insights, we developed a new behavioral task where mice form two memories, of which only the more salient memory is consolidated, and also a technology for simultaneous and longitudinal cellular resolution imaging of hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex throughout the consolidation window. We found that whereas hippocampus equally encodes multiple memories, the anteromedial thalamus forms preferential tuning to salient memories, and establishes inter-regional correlations with cortex, that are critical for synchronizing and stabilizing cortical representations at remote time. Indeed, inhibition of this thalamo-cortical circuit while imaging in cortex reveals loss of contextual tuning and ensemble synchrony in anterior cingulate, together with behavioral deficits in remote memory retrieval. We thus identify a thalamo-cortical circuit that gates memory consolidation and propose a mechanism suitable for the selection and stabilization of hippocampal memories into longer term cortical storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Toader
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Josue M. Regalado
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Yan Ran Li
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Andrea Terceros
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Nakul Yadav
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Suraj Kumar
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Sloane Satow
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Florian Hollunder
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Alessandra Bonito-Oliva
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Priya Rajasethupathy
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
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30
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Accanto N, Blot FGC, Lorca-Cámara A, Zampini V, Bui F, Tourain C, Badt N, Katz O, Emiliani V. A flexible two-photon fiberscope for fast activity imaging and precise optogenetic photostimulation of neurons in freely moving mice. Neuron 2023; 111:176-189.e6. [PMID: 36395773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed a flexible two-photon microendoscope (2P-FENDO) capable of all-optical brain investigation at near cellular resolution in freely moving mice. The system performs fast two-photon (2P) functional imaging and 2P holographic photostimulation of single and multiple cells using axially confined extended spots. Proof-of-principle experiments were performed in freely moving mice co-expressing jGCaMP7s and the opsin ChRmine in the visual or barrel cortex. On a field of view of 250 μm in diameter, we demonstrated functional imaging at a frame rate of up to 50 Hz and precise photostimulation of selected groups of cells. With the capability to simultaneously image and control defined neuronal networks in freely moving animals, 2P-FENDO will enable a precise investigation of neuronal functions in the brain during naturalistic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Accanto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - François G C Blot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Valeria Zampini
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Florence Bui
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tourain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Noam Badt
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ori Katz
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France.
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31
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Abstract
The ability to develop effective new treatments for epilepsy may depend on improved understanding of seizure pathophysiology, about which many questions remain. Dynamic fluorescence imaging of activity at single-neuron resolution with fluorescent indicators in experimental model systems in vivo has revolutionized basic neuroscience and has the potential to do so for epilepsy research as well. Here, we review salient issues as they pertain to experimental imaging in basic epilepsy research, including commonly used imaging technologies, data processing and analysis, interpretation of results, and selected examples of how imaging-based approaches have revealed new insight into mechanisms of seizures and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N. Lawlor
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ethan M. Goldberg
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- The Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
- Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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32
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Landhuis E. Thumb-sized microscope captures images deep inside the brains of active animals. Nature 2022; 610:809-811. [DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-03395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Chen K, Tian Z, Kong L. Advances of optical miniscopes for in vivo imaging of neural activity in freely moving animals. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:994079. [PMID: 36161177 PMCID: PMC9490007 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.994079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To study neural mechanisms of ethologically relevant behaviors including many social behaviors and navigations, optical miniscopes, which can be carried by the model animals, are indispensable. Recently, a variety of optical miniscopes have been developed to meet this urgent requirement, and successfully applied in the study of neural network activity in free-moving mice, rats, and bats, etc. Generally, miniature fluorescence microscopes can be classified into single-photon and multi-photon fluorescence miniscopes, considering their differences in imaging mechanisms and hardware setups. In this review, we introduce their fundamental principles and system structures, summarize technical advances, and discuss limitations and future trends, for in vivo imaging of neural activity in freely moving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Weiyang College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoshi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Weiyang College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Tsinghua-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lingjie Kong,
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Grienberger C, Giovannucci A, Zeiger W, Portera-Cailliau C. Two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal activity. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:67. [PMID: 38124998 PMCID: PMC10732251 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In vivo two-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) is a technique used for recording neuronal activity in the intact brain. It is based on the principle that, when neurons fire action potentials, intracellular calcium levels rise, which can be detected using fluorescent molecules that bind to calcium. This Primer is designed for scientists who are considering embarking on experiments with 2PCI. We provide the reader with a background on the basic concepts behind calcium imaging and on the reasons why 2PCI is an increasingly powerful and versatile technique in neuroscience. The Primer explains the different steps involved in experiments with 2PCI, provides examples of what ideal preparations should look like and explains how data are analysed. We also discuss some of the current limitations of the technique, and the types of solutions to circumvent them. Finally, we conclude by anticipating what the future of 2PCI might look like, emphasizing some of the analysis pipelines that are being developed and international efforts for data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Grienberger
- Department of Biology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Giovannucci
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William Zeiger
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Portera-Cailliau
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Choi W, Kang M, Hong JH, Katz O, Lee B, Kim GH, Choi Y, Choi W. Flexible-type ultrathin holographic endoscope for microscopic imaging of unstained biological tissues. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4469. [PMID: 35918348 PMCID: PMC9345988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrathin lensless fibre endoscopes offer minimally invasive investigation, but they mostly operate as a rigid type due to the need for prior calibration of a fibre probe. Furthermore, most implementations work in fluorescence mode rather than label-free imaging mode, making them unsuitable for general medical diagnosis. Herein, we report a fully flexible ultrathin fibre endoscope taking 3D holographic images of unstained tissues with 0.85-μm spatial resolution. Using a bare fibre bundle as thin as 200-μm diameter, we design a lensless Fourier holographic imaging configuration to selectively detect weak reflections from biological tissues, a critical step for label-free endoscopic reflectance imaging. A unique algorithm is developed for calibration-free holographic image reconstruction, allowing us to image through a narrow and curved passage regardless of fibre bending. We demonstrate endoscopic reflectance imaging of unstained rat intestine tissues that are completely invisible to conventional endoscopes. The proposed endoscope will expedite a more accurate and earlier diagnosis than before with minimal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjun Choi
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Munkyu Kang
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Hong
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ori Katz
- Department of Applied Physics, The Selim and Rachel Benin School of Computer Science & Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Byunghak Lee
- Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan, Korea.,B2LAB co., ltd, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk, Korea
| | - Guang Hoon Kim
- Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan, Korea
| | - Youngwoon Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wonshik Choi
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Rose P, Klioutchnikov A, Wallace DJ, Greenberg DS, Kerr JND, Sawinski J. Measurement of arbitrary scan patterns for correction of imaging distortions in laser scanning microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3983-3992. [PMID: 35991933 PMCID: PMC9352294 DOI: 10.1364/boe.454155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Laser scanning microscopy requires beam steering through relay and focusing optics at sub-micron precision. In light-weight mobile systems, such as head mounted multiphoton microscopes, distortion and imaging plane curvature management is unpractical due to the complexity of required optic compensation. Thus, the resulting scan pattern limits anatomical fidelity and decreases analysis algorithm efficiency. Here, we present a technique that reconstructs the three-dimensional scan path only requiring translation of a simple fluorescent test probe. Our method is applicable to any type of scanning instrument with sectioning capabilities without prior assumptions regarding origin of imaging deviations. Further, we demonstrate that the obtained scan pattern allows analysis of these errors, and allows to restore anatomical accuracy relevant for complementary methods such as motion correction, further enhancing spatial registration and feature extraction.
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Siwadamrongpong R, Sato N, Sugie K, Ohta Y, Haruta M, Takehara H, Tashiro H, Sasagawa K, Ohta J. Development of Compact Readout Device for Neural Observation System using Fluorescence Imaging and Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:4864-4867. [PMID: 36085844 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A readout device for a dual-functional neural observation system is presented. The authors separately developed the reading operation of an implantable CMOS image sensor and a setup for fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and implemented them together in a microcontroller-based device. The developed imaging readout device with a size of [Formula: see text] can reach the highest reading rate of 160 fps with a 120×268 pixel image sensor. The voltammetry function was verified through an experiment using commercial carbon fiber electrodes in phosphate-buffered saline. When the imaging is sequentially operated with 400 V/s-scan rate voltammetry from -0.4 to 1.3 V, the system can operate at up to 60 fps. With this system, calcium imaging and dopamine recording in a freely behaving mouse can be achieved together in a simpler manner. This study aims to be the basis for the development of an implantable multi-functional sensor.
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Papaioannou S, Medini P. Advantages, Pitfalls, and Developments of All Optical Interrogation Strategies of Microcircuits in vivo. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:859803. [PMID: 35837124 PMCID: PMC9274136 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.859803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The holy grail for every neurophysiologist is to conclude a causal relationship between an elementary behaviour and the function of a specific brain area or circuit. Our effort to map elementary behaviours to specific brain loci and to further manipulate neural activity while observing the alterations in behaviour is in essence the goal for neuroscientists. Recent advancements in the area of experimental brain imaging in the form of longer wavelength near infrared (NIR) pulsed lasers with the development of highly efficient optogenetic actuators and reporters of neural activity, has endowed us with unprecedented resolution in spatiotemporal precision both in imaging neural activity as well as manipulating it with multiphoton microscopy. This readily available toolbox has introduced a so called all-optical physiology and interrogation of circuits and has opened new horizons when it comes to precisely, fast and non-invasively map and manipulate anatomically, molecularly or functionally identified mesoscopic brain circuits. The purpose of this review is to describe the advantages and possible pitfalls of all-optical approaches in system neuroscience, where by all-optical we mean use of multiphoton microscopy to image the functional response of neuron(s) in the network so to attain flexible choice of the cells to be also optogenetically photostimulated by holography, in absence of electrophysiology. Spatio-temporal constraints will be compared toward the classical reference of electrophysiology methods. When appropriate, in relation to current limitations of current optical approaches, we will make reference to latest works aimed to overcome these limitations, in order to highlight the most recent developments. We will also provide examples of types of experiments uniquely approachable all-optically. Finally, although mechanically non-invasive, all-optical electrophysiology exhibits potential off-target effects which can ambiguate and complicate the interpretation of the results. In summary, this review is an effort to exemplify how an all-optical experiment can be designed, conducted and interpreted from the point of view of the integrative neurophysiologist.
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Swanson JL, Chin PS, Romero JM, Srivastava S, Ortiz-Guzman J, Hunt PJ, Arenkiel BR. Advancements in the Quest to Map, Monitor, and Manipulate Neural Circuitry. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:886302. [PMID: 35719420 PMCID: PMC9204427 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.886302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits and the cells that comprise them represent the functional units of the brain. Circuits relay and process sensory information, maintain homeostasis, drive behaviors, and facilitate cognitive functions such as learning and memory. Creating a functionally-precise map of the mammalian brain requires anatomically tracing neural circuits, monitoring their activity patterns, and manipulating their activity to infer function. Advancements in cell-type-specific genetic tools allow interrogation of neural circuits with increased precision. This review provides a broad overview of recombination-based and activity-driven genetic targeting approaches, contemporary viral tracing strategies, electrophysiological recording methods, newly developed calcium, and voltage indicators, and neurotransmitter/neuropeptide biosensors currently being used to investigate circuit architecture and function. Finally, it discusses methods for acute or chronic manipulation of neural activity, including genetically-targeted cellular ablation, optogenetics, chemogenetics, and over-expression of ion channels. With this ever-evolving genetic toolbox, scientists are continuing to probe neural circuits with increasing resolution, elucidating the structure and function of the incredibly complex mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Swanson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pey-Shyuan Chin
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Juan M. Romero
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Snigdha Srivastava
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joshua Ortiz-Guzman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Patrick J. Hunt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Arenkiel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Lin F, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Shen B, Hu R, Liu L, Qu J. In vivo two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microendoscopy based on fiber-bundle. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2137-2140. [PMID: 35486743 DOI: 10.1364/ol.453102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microendoscopy (FLIME) has been reported to investigate the physicochemical microenvironment in biological tissue. In this work, we designed a two-photon (TP) FLIME system based on a fiber-bundle glued with an achromatic mini-objective with 1.4-mm diameter, which was coupled to a standard TP microscope containing a dispersion precompensation module in the laser source. With 840 nm excitation, the field of view and lateral resolution of our system are 390 µm and 1.55 µm, respectively. To examine the capability of imaging in vivo, we obtained Z-stack (0-130 µm) TP-FLIME images from the intestine's surface of a mouse injected with squaraine dye. Further, we utilized the TP-FLIME system to image the kidney, liver, and xenografted tumor at 100-µm depth in vivo with cellular resolution, which features the distribution of cells and tissue structures with better contrast than intensity images. These results demonstrated that the proposed system is capable of measuring fluorescence lifetime in situ and provides a powerful tool to research the deep tissue microenvironment naturally.
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Tran CHT. Toolbox for studying neurovascular coupling in vivo, with a focus on vascular activity and calcium dynamics in astrocytes. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:021909. [PMID: 35295714 PMCID: PMC8920490 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.021909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Insights into the cellular activity of each member of the neurovascular unit (NVU) is critical for understanding their contributions to neurovascular coupling (NVC)-one of the key control mechanisms in cerebral blood flow regulation. Advances in imaging and genetic tools have enhanced our ability to observe, manipulate and understand the cellular activity of NVU components, namely neurons, astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. However, there are still many unresolved questions. Since astrocytes are considered electrically unexcitable,Ca 2 + signaling is the main parameter used to monitor their activity. It is therefore imperative to study astrocyticCa 2 + dynamics simultaneously with vascular activity using tools appropriate for the question of interest. Aim: To highlight currently available genetic and imaging tools for studying the NVU-and thus NVC-with a focus on astrocyteCa 2 + dynamics and vascular activity, and discuss the utility, technical advantages, and limitations of these tools for elucidating NVC mechanisms. Approach: We draw attention to some outstanding questions regarding the mechanistic basis of NVC and emphasize the role of astrocyticCa 2 + elevations in functional hyperemia. We further discuss commonly used genetic, and optical imaging tools, as well as some newly developed imaging modalities for studying NVC at the cellular level, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Results: We provide an overview of the current state of NVC research, focusing on the role of astrocyticCa 2 + elevations in functional hyperemia; summarize recent advances in genetically engineeredCa 2 + indicators, fluorescence microscopy techniques for studying NVC; and discuss the unmet challenges for future imaging development. Conclusions: Advances in imaging techniques together with improvements in genetic tools have significantly contributed to our understanding of NVC. Many pieces of the puzzle have been revealed, but many more remain to be discovered. Ultimately, optimizing NVC research will require a concerted effort to improve imaging techniques, available genetic tools, and analytical software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam Ha T. Tran
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno, Nevada, United States
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Zong W, Obenhaus HA, Skytøen ER, Eneqvist H, de Jong NL, Vale R, Jorge MR, Moser MB, Moser EI. Large-scale two-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice. Cell 2022; 185:1240-1256.e30. [PMID: 35305313 PMCID: PMC8970296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We developed a miniaturized two-photon microscope (MINI2P) for fast, high-resolution, multiplane calcium imaging of over 1,000 neurons at a time in freely moving mice. With a microscope weight below 3 g and a highly flexible connection cable, MINI2P allowed stable imaging with no impediment of behavior in a variety of assays compared to untethered, unimplanted animals. The improved cell yield was achieved through a optical system design featuring an enlarged field of view (FOV) and a microtunable lens with increased z-scanning range and speed that allows fast and stable imaging of multiple interleaved planes, as well as 3D functional imaging. Successive imaging across multiple, adjacent FOVs enabled recordings from more than 10,000 neurons in the same animal. Large-scale proof-of-principle data were obtained from cell populations in visual cortex, medial entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus, revealing spatial tuning of cells in all areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Zong
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway.
| | - Horst A Obenhaus
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Emilie R Skytøen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Hanna Eneqvist
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Nienke L de Jong
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Ruben Vale
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Marina R Jorge
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - May-Britt Moser
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Edvard I Moser
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway.
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Guinto MC, Haruta M, Kurauchi Y, Saigo T, Kurasawa K, Ryu S, Ohta Y, Kawahara M, Takehara H, Tashiro H, Sasagawa K, Katsuki H, Ohta J. Modular head-mounted cortical imaging device for chronic monitoring of intrinsic signals in mice. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:026501. [PMID: 35166087 PMCID: PMC8843356 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.2.026501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Intrinsic optical signals (IOS) generated in the cortical tissue as a result of various interacting metabolic processes are used extensively to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that govern neurovascular coupling. However, current IOS measurements still often rely on bulky, tabletop imaging systems, and there remains a dearth of studies in freely moving subjects. Lightweight, miniature head-mounted imaging devices provide unique opportunities for investigating cortical dynamics in small animals under a variety of naturalistic behavioral settings. AIM The aim of this work was to monitor IOS in the somatosensory cortex of wild-type mice by developing a lightweight, biocompatible imaging device that readily lends itself to animal experiments in freely moving conditions. APPROACH Herein we describe a method for realizing long-term IOS imaging in mice using a 0.54-g, compact, CMOS-based, head-mounted imager. The two-part module, consisting of a tethered sensor plate and a base plate, allows facile assembly prior to imaging sessions and disassembly when the sensor is not in use. LEDs integrated into the device were chosen to illuminate the cortical mantle at two different wavelengths in the visible regime (λcenter: 535 and 625 nm) for monitoring volume- and oxygenation state-dependent changes in the IOS, respectively. To test whether the system can detect robust cortical responses, we recorded sensory-evoked IOS from mechanical stimulation of the hindlimbs (HL) of anesthetized mice in both acute and long-term implantation conditions. RESULTS Cortical IOS recordings in the primary somatosensory cortex hindlimb receptive field (S1HL) of anesthetized mice under green and red LED illumination revealed robust, multiphasic profiles that were time-locked to the mechanical stimulation of the contralateral plantar hindpaw. Similar intrinsic signal profiles observed in S1HL at 40 days postimplantation demonstrated the viability of the approach for long-term imaging. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the brain tissue did not exhibit appreciable immune response due to the device implantation and operation. A proof-of-principle imaging session in a freely behaving mouse showed minimal locomotor impediment for the animal and also enabled estimation of blood flow speed. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the utility of a miniature cortical imaging device for monitoring IOS and related hemodynamic processes in both anesthetized and freely moving mice, cueing potential for applications to some neuroscientific studies of sensation and naturalistic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian Guinto
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Makito Haruta
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurauchi
- Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taisuke Saigo
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kurasawa
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Sumika Ryu
- Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasumi Ohta
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Mamiko Kawahara
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hironari Takehara
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tashiro
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
- Kyushu University, Division of Medical Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Sasagawa
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Ohta
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
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Kim TH, Schnitzer MJ. Fluorescence imaging of large-scale neural ensemble dynamics. Cell 2022; 185:9-41. [PMID: 34995519 PMCID: PMC8849612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across multiple brain areas and for extended durations in awake behaving mammals. We discuss advances in fluorescent indicators of neural activity, viral and genetic methods to express these indicators, chronic animal preparations for long-term imaging studies, and microscopes to monitor and manipulate the activity of large neural ensembles. Ca2+ imaging studies of neural activity can track brain area interactions and distributed information processing at cellular resolution. Across smaller spatial scales, high-speed voltage imaging reveals the distinctive spiking patterns and coding properties of targeted neuron types. Collectively, these innovations will propel studies of brain function and dovetail with ongoing neuroscience initiatives to identify new neuron types and develop widely applicable, non-human primate models. The optical toolkit's growing sophistication also suggests that "brain observatory" facilities would be useful open resources for future brain-imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Hyun Kim
- James Clark Center for Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Mark J Schnitzer
- James Clark Center for Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Wang Y, Chu TS, Lin YR, Tsao CH, Tsai CH, Ger TR, Chen LT, Chang WSW, Liao LD. Assessment of Brain Functional Activity Using a Miniaturized Head-Mounted Scanning Photoacoustic Imaging System in Awake and Freely Moving Rats. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110429. [PMID: 34821645 PMCID: PMC8615926 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between brain function and natural behavior remains a significant challenge in neuroscience because there are very few convincing imaging/recording tools available for the evaluation of awake and freely moving animals. Here, we employed a miniaturized head-mounted scanning photoacoustic imaging (hmPAI) system to image real-time cortical dynamics. A compact photoacoustic (PA) probe based on four in-house optical fiber pads and a single custom-made 48-MHz focused ultrasound transducer was designed to enable focused dark-field PA imaging, and miniature linear motors were included to enable two-dimensional (2D) scanning. The total dimensions and weight of the proposed hmPAI system are only approximately 50 × 64 × 48 mm and 58.7 g (excluding cables). Our ex vivo phantom experimental tests revealed that a spatial resolution of approximately 0.225 mm could be achieved at a depth of 9 mm. Our in vivo results further revealed that the diameters of cortical vessels draining into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) could be clearly imaged and continuously observed in both anesthetized rats and awake, freely moving rats. Statistical analysis showed that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the PA A-line signals (relative to the blood vessel diameter) was significantly increased in the selected SSS-drained cortical vessels of awake rats (0.58 ± 0.17 mm) compared with those of anesthetized rats (0.31 ± 0.09 mm) (p < 0.01, paired t-test). In addition, the number of pixels in PA B-scan images (relative to the cerebral blood volume (CBV)) was also significantly increased in the selected SSS-drained blood vessels of awake rats (107.66 ± 23.02 pixels) compared with those of anesthetized rats (81.99 ± 21.52 pixels) (p < 0.01, paired t-test). This outcome may result from a more active brain in awake rats than in anesthetized rats, which caused cerebral blood vessels to transport more blood to meet the increased nutrient demand of the tissue, resulting in an obvious increase in blood vessel volume. This hmPAI system was further validated for utility in the brains of awake and freely moving rats, showing that their natural behavior was unimpaired during vascular imaging, thereby providing novel opportunities for studies of behavior, cognition, and preclinical models of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhling Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (Y.W.); (T.-S.C.); (C.-H.T.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Tsung-Sheng Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (Y.W.); (T.-S.C.); (C.-H.T.); (C.-H.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan;
| | - Yan-Ren Lin
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County 50006, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Tsao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (Y.W.); (T.-S.C.); (C.-H.T.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Chia-Hua Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (Y.W.); (T.-S.C.); (C.-H.T.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Tzong-Rong Ger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan;
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Shaing Wayne Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (W.-S.W.C.); (L.-D.L.)
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (Y.W.); (T.-S.C.); (C.-H.T.); (C.-H.T.)
- Correspondence: (W.-S.W.C.); (L.-D.L.)
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46
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Stamatakis AM, Resendez SL, Chen KS, Favero M, Liang-Guallpa J, Nassi JJ, Neufeld SQ, Visscher K, Ghosh KK. Miniature microscopes for manipulating and recording in vivo brain activity. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:399-414. [PMID: 34283242 PMCID: PMC8491619 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe the development and application of miniature integrated microscopes (miniscopes) paired with microendoscopes that allow for the visualization and manipulation of neural circuits in superficial and subcortical brain regions in freely behaving animals. Over the past decade the miniscope platform has expanded to include simultaneous optogenetic capabilities, electrically-tunable lenses that enable multi-plane imaging, color-corrected optics, and an integrated data acquisition platform that streamlines multimodal experiments. Miniscopes have given researchers an unprecedented ability to monitor hundreds to thousands of genetically-defined neurons from weeks to months in both healthy and diseased animal brains. Sophisticated algorithms that take advantage of constrained matrix factorization allow for background estimation and reliable cell identification, greatly improving the reliability and scalability of source extraction for large imaging datasets. Data generated from miniscopes have empowered researchers to investigate the neural circuit underpinnings of a wide array of behaviors that cannot be studied under head-fixed conditions, such as sleep, reward seeking, learning and memory, social behaviors, and feeding. Importantly, the miniscope has broadened our understanding of how neural circuits can go awry in animal models of progressive neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Continued miniscope development, including the ability to record from multiple populations of cells simultaneously, along with continued multimodal integration of techniques such as electrophysiology, will allow for deeper understanding into the neural circuits that underlie complex and naturalistic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai-Siang Chen
- Inscopix Inc., 2462 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - Morgana Favero
- Inscopix Inc., 2462 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | | | | | - Shay Q Neufeld
- Inscopix Inc., 2462 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - Koen Visscher
- Inscopix Inc., 2462 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - Kunal K Ghosh
- Inscopix Inc., 2462 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
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47
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Silvernagel MP, Ling AS, Nuyujukian P. A markerless platform for ambulatory systems neuroscience. Sci Robot 2021; 6:eabj7045. [PMID: 34516749 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abj7045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Motor systems neuroscience seeks to understand how the brain controls movement. To minimize confounding variables, large-animal studies typically constrain body movement from areas not under observation, ensuring consistent, repeatable behaviors. Such studies have fueled decades of research, but they may be artificially limiting the richness of neural data observed, preventing generalization to more natural movements and settings. Neuroscience studies of unconstrained movement would capture a greater range of behavior and a more complete view of neuronal activity, but instrumenting an experimental rig suitable for large animals presents substantial engineering challenges. Here, we present a markerless, full-body motion tracking and synchronized wireless neural electrophysiology platform for large, ambulatory animals. Composed of four depth (RGB-D) cameras that provide a 360° view of a 4.5-square-meters enclosed area, this system is designed to record a diverse range of neuroethologically relevant behaviors. This platform also allows for the simultaneous acquisition of hundreds of wireless neural recording channels in multiple brain regions. As behavioral and neuronal data are generated at rates below 200 megabytes per second, a single desktop can facilitate hours of continuous recording. This setup is designed for systems neuroscience and neuroengineering research, where synchronized kinematic behavior and neural data are the foundation for investigation. By enabling the study of previously unexplored movement tasks, this system can generate insights into the functioning of the mammalian motor system and provide a platform to develop brain-machine interfaces for unconstrained applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alissa S Ling
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul Nuyujukian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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48
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Markicevic M, Savvateev I, Grimm C, Zerbi V. Emerging imaging methods to study whole-brain function in rodent models. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:457. [PMID: 34482367 PMCID: PMC8418612 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the idea that single populations of neurons support cognition and behavior has gradually given way to the realization that connectivity matters and that complex behavior results from interactions between remote yet anatomically connected areas that form specialized networks. In parallel, innovation in brain imaging techniques has led to the availability of a broad set of imaging tools to characterize the functional organization of complex networks. However, each of these tools poses significant technical challenges and faces limitations, which require careful consideration of their underlying anatomical, physiological, and physical specificity. In this review, we focus on emerging methods for measuring spontaneous or evoked activity in the brain. We discuss methods that can measure large-scale brain activity (directly or indirectly) with a relatively high temporal resolution, from milliseconds to seconds. We further focus on methods designed for studying the mammalian brain in preclinical models, specifically in mice and rats. This field has seen a great deal of innovation in recent years, facilitated by concomitant innovation in gene-editing techniques and the possibility of more invasive recordings. This review aims to give an overview of currently available preclinical imaging methods and an outlook on future developments. This information is suitable for educational purposes and for assisting scientists in choosing the appropriate method for their own research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Markicevic
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Iurii Savvateev
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Grimm
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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49
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Zhang C, Aldana-Mendoza JA. Coherent Raman scattering microscopy for chemical imaging of biological systems. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/abfd09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) processes, including both the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and stimulated Raman scattering, have been utilized in state-of-the-art microscopy platforms for chemical imaging of biological samples. The key advantage of CRS microscopy over fluorescence microscopy is label-free, which is an attractive characteristic for modern biological and medical sciences. Besides, CRS has other advantages such as higher selectivity to metabolites, no photobleaching, and narrow peak width. These features have brought fast-growing attention to CRS microscopy in biological research. In this review article, we will first briefly introduce the history of CRS microscopy, and then explain the theoretical background of the CRS processes in detail using the classical approach. Next, we will cover major instrumentation techniques of CRS microscopy. Finally, we will enumerate examples of recent applications of CRS imaging in biological and medical sciences.
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50
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Pakpuwadon T, Sasagawa K, Guinto MC, Ohta Y, Haruta M, Takehara H, Tashiro H, Ohta J. Self-Reset Image Sensor With a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Over 70 dB and Its Application to Brain Surface Imaging. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:667932. [PMID: 34211365 PMCID: PMC8239232 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.667932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we propose a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor with a self-resetting system demonstrating a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to detect small intrinsic signals such as a hemodynamic reaction or neural activity in a mouse brain. The photodiode structure was modified from N-well/P-sub to P+/N-well/P-sub to increase the photodiode capacitance to reduce the number of self-resets required to decrease the unstable stage. Moreover, our new relay board was used for the first time. As a result, an effective SNR of over 70 dB was achieved within the same pixel size and fill factor. The unstable state was drastically reduced. Thus, we will be able to detect neural activity. With its compact size, this device has significant potential to become an intrinsic signal detector in freely moving animals. We also demonstrated in vivo imaging with image processing by removing additional noise from the self-reset operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanet Pakpuwadon
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Sasagawa
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Japan
| | - Mark Christian Guinto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Japan
| | - Yasumi Ohta
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Japan
| | - Makito Haruta
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Japan
| | - Hironari Takehara
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tashiro
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Japan.,Division of Medical Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Japan
| | - Jun Ohta
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Japan
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