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Takayama Y, Tominaga M. Interaction between TRP channels and anoctamins. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102912. [PMID: 38823351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) binds to transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (protein-protein interaction) and then is activated by TRP channels (functional interaction). TRP channels are non-selective cation channels that are expressed throughout the body and play roles in multiple physiological functions. Studies on TRP channels increased after the identification of TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in 1997. Calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1, also called TMEM16A and DOG1) was identified in 2008. ANO1 plays a major role in TRP channel-mediated functions, as first shown in 2014 with the demonstration of a protein-protein interaction between TRPV4 and ANO1. In cells that co-express TRP channels and ANO1, calcium entering cells through activated TRP channels causes ANO1 activation. Therefore, in many tissues, the physiological functions related to TRP channels are modulated through chloride flux associated with ANO1 activation. In this review, we summarize the latest understanding of TRP-ANO1 interactions, particularly interaction of ANO1 with TRPV4, TRP canonical 6 (TRPC6), TRPV3, TRPV1, and TRPC2 in the salivary glands, blood vessels, skin keratinocytes, primary sensory neurons, and vomeronasal organs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Takayama
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Aza-Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Aza-Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; Thermal Biology Research Group, Nagoya Advanced Research and Development Center, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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2
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Dibattista M, Pifferi S, Hernandez-Clavijo A, Menini A. The physiological roles of anoctamin2/TMEM16B and anoctamin1/TMEM16A in chemical senses. Cell Calcium 2024; 120:102889. [PMID: 38677213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Chemical senses allow animals to detect and discriminate a vast array of molecules. The olfactory system is responsible of the detection of small volatile molecules, while water dissolved molecules are detected by taste buds in the oral cavity. Moreover, many animals respond to signaling molecules such as pheromones and other semiochemicals through the vomeronasal organ. The peripheral organs dedicated to chemical detection convert chemical signals into perceivable information through the employment of diverse receptor types and the activation of multiple ion channels. Two ion channels, TMEM16B, also known as anoctamin2 (ANO2) and TMEM16A, or anoctamin1 (ANO1), encoding for Ca2+-activated Cl¯ channels, have been recently described playing critical roles in various cell types. This review aims to discuss the main properties of TMEM16A and TMEM16B-mediated currents and their physiological roles in chemical senses. In olfactory sensory neurons, TMEM16B contributes to amplify the odorant response, to modulate firing, response kinetics and adaptation. TMEM16A and TMEM16B shape the pattern of action potentials in vomeronasal sensory neurons increasing the interspike interval. In type I taste bud cells, TMEM16A is activated during paracrine signaling mediated by ATP. This review aims to shed light on the regulation of diverse signaling mechanisms and neuronal excitability mediated by Ca-activated Cl¯ channels, hinting at potential new roles for TMEM16A and TMEM16B in the chemical senses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dibattista
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari A. Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Pifferi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Andres Hernandez-Clavijo
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Menini
- Neurobiology Group, SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
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3
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Rohacs T. Phosphoinositide Regulation of TRP Channels: A Functional Overview in the Structural Era. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:329-355. [PMID: 37871124 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-013956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have diverse activation mechanisms including physical stimuli, such as high or low temperatures, and a variety of intracellular signaling molecules. Regulation by phosphoinositides and their derivatives is their only known common regulatory feature. For most TRP channels, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] serves as a cofactor required for activity. Such dependence on PI(4,5)P2 has been demonstrated for members of the TRPM subfamily and for the epithelial TRPV5 and TRPV6 channels. Intracellular TRPML channels show specific activation by PI(3,5)P2. Structural studies uncovered the PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2 binding sites for these channels and shed light on the mechanism of channel opening. PI(4,5)P2 regulation of TRPV1-4 as well as some TRPC channels is more complex, involving both positive and negative effects. This review discusses the functional roles of phosphoinositides in TRP channel regulation and molecular insights gained from recent cryo-electron microscopy structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey;
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4
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Park SJ, Greer PL, Lee N. From odor to oncology: non-canonical odorant receptors in cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:304-318. [PMID: 38087050 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Odorant receptors, traditionally associated with olfaction as chemoreceptors, have been increasingly recognized for their presence and diverse functions in various non-nasal tissues throughout the body. Beyond their roles in sensory perception, emerging evidence suggests a compelling interplay between odorant receptors and cancer progression as well. Alongside the canonical GPCR odorant receptors, dysregulation of non-canonical odorant receptors such as trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), and membrane-spanning 4A family (MS4As) has been observed in various cancer types, suggesting their contributions to cancer progression. The roles of these non-canonical chemoreceptors in cancer are complex, with some receptors promoting tumorigenesis and others acting as tumor-suppressing factors upon activation, depending on the cancer type. These findings shed light on the potential of non-canonical odorant receptors as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers in cancer, inviting further exploration to unravel their precise mechanisms of action and implications in cancer biology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationships between these chemoreceptors and various types of cancer, potentially paving the way for innovative odor-based therapeutics. Ultimately, this review discusses the potential development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting these non-canonical chemoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Park
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Paul L Greer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Namgyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Kodakandla G, Akimzhanov AM, Boehning D. Regulatory mechanisms controlling store-operated calcium entry. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1330259. [PMID: 38169682 PMCID: PMC10758431 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1330259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium influx through plasma membrane ion channels is crucial for many events in cellular physiology. Cell surface stimuli lead to the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which binds to IP3 receptors (IP3R) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to release calcium pools from the ER lumen. This leads to the depletion of ER calcium pools, which has been termed store depletion. Store depletion leads to the dissociation of calcium ions from the EF-hand motif of the ER calcium sensor Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1). This leads to a conformational change in STIM1, which helps it to interact with the plasma membrane (PM) at ER:PM junctions. At these ER:PM junctions, STIM1 binds to and activates a calcium channel known as Orai1 to form calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels. Activation of Orai1 leads to calcium influx, known as store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). In addition to Orai1 and STIM1, the homologs of Orai1 and STIM1, such as Orai2/3 and STIM2, also play a crucial role in calcium homeostasis. The influx of calcium through the Orai channel activates a calcium current that has been termed the CRAC current. CRAC channels form multimers and cluster together in large macromolecular assemblies termed "puncta". How CRAC channels form puncta has been contentious since their discovery. In this review, we will outline the history of SOCE, the molecular players involved in this process, as well as the models that have been proposed to explain this critical mechanism in cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutham Kodakandla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Askar M. Akimzhanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Darren Boehning
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
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Jaholkowski P, Hindley GFL, Shadrin AA, Tesfaye M, Bahrami S, Nerhus M, Rahman Z, O’Connell KS, Holen B, Parker N, Cheng W, Lin A, Rødevand L, Karadag N, Frei O, Djurovic S, Dale AM, Smeland OB, Andreassen OA. Genome-wide Association Analysis of Schizophrenia and Vitamin D Levels Shows Shared Genetic Architecture and Identifies Novel Risk Loci. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1654-1664. [PMID: 37163672 PMCID: PMC10686370 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Low vitamin D (vitD) levels have been consistently reported in schizophrenia (SCZ) suggesting a role in the etiopathology. However, little is known about the role of underlying shared genetic mechanisms. We applied a conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate approach (FDR) on large, nonoverlapping genome-wide association studies for SCZ (N cases = 53 386, N controls = 77 258) and vitD serum concentration (N = 417 580) to evaluate shared common genetic variants. The identified genomic loci were characterized using functional analyses and biological repositories. We observed cross-trait SNP enrichment in SCZ conditioned on vitD and vice versa, demonstrating shared genetic architecture. Applying the conjunctional FDR approach, we identified 72 loci jointly associated with SCZ and vitD at conjunctional FDR < 0.05. Among the 72 shared loci, 40 loci have not previously been reported for vitD, and 9 were novel for SCZ. Further, 64% had discordant effects on SCZ-risk and vitD levels. A mixture of shared variants with concordant and discordant effects with a predominance of discordant effects was in line with weak negative genetic correlation (rg = -0.085). Our results displayed shared genetic architecture between SCZ and vitD with mixed effect directions, suggesting overlapping biological pathways. Shared genetic variants with complex overlapping mechanisms may contribute to the coexistence of SCZ and vitD deficiency and influence the clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Jaholkowski
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy F L Hindley
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College
London, London, UK
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and
Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markos Tesfaye
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical
College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Nerhus
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Special Psychiatry, Akershus University
Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Division of Health Services Research and Psychiatry,
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo,
Oslo, Norway
| | - Zillur Rahman
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O’Connell
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børge Holen
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadine Parker
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weiqiu Cheng
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aihua Lin
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Rødevand
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naz Karadag
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of
Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital,
Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of
Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla, CA
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and
Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Weiss J, Vacher H, Trouillet AC, Leinders-Zufall T, Zufall F, Chamero P. Sensing and avoiding sick conspecifics requires Gαi2 + vomeronasal neurons. BMC Biol 2023; 21:152. [PMID: 37424020 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodents utilize chemical cues to recognize and avoid other conspecifics infected with pathogens. Infection with pathogens and acute inflammation alter the repertoire and signature of olfactory stimuli emitted by a sick individual. These cues are recognized by healthy conspecifics via the vomeronasal or accessory olfactory system, triggering an innate form of avoidance behavior. However, the molecular identity of the sensory neurons and the higher neural circuits involved in the detection of sick conspecifics remain poorly understood. RESULTS We employed mice that are in an acute state of inflammation induced by systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Through conditional knockout of the G-protein Gαi2 and deletion of other key sensory transduction molecules (Trpc2 and a cluster of 16 vomeronasal type 1 receptors), in combination with behavioral testing, subcellular Ca2+ imaging, and pS6 and c-Fos neuronal activity mapping in freely behaving mice, we show that the Gαi2+ vomeronasal subsystem is required for the detection and avoidance of LPS-treated mice. The active components underlying this avoidance are contained in urine whereas feces extract and two selected bile acids, although detected in a Gαi2-dependent manner, failed to evoke avoidance behavior. Our analyses of dendritic Ca2+ responses in vomeronasal sensory neurons provide insight into the discrimination capabilities of these neurons for urine fractions from LPS-treated mice, and how this discrimination depends on Gαi2. We observed Gαi2-dependent stimulation of multiple brain areas including medial amygdala, ventromedial hypothalamus, and periaqueductal grey. We also identified the lateral habenula, a brain region implicated in negative reward prediction in aversive learning, as a previously unknown target involved in these tasks. CONCLUSIONS Our physiological and behavioral analyses indicate that the sensing and avoidance of LPS-treated sick conspecifics depend on the Gαi2 vomeronasal subsystem. Our observations point to a central role of brain circuits downstream of the olfactory periphery and in the lateral habenula in the detection and avoidance of sick conspecifics, providing new insights into the neural substrates and circuit logic of the sensing of inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Weiss
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Hélène Vacher
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 0085 INRAE-CNRS-IFCE-University of Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Trouillet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 0085 INRAE-CNRS-IFCE-University of Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Trese Leinders-Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Pablo Chamero
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 0085 INRAE-CNRS-IFCE-University of Tours, Nouzilly, France.
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Cherkashin AP, Rogachevskaja OA, Khokhlov AA, Kabanova NV, Bystrova MF, Kolesnikov SS. Contribution of TRPC3-mediated Ca 2+ entry to taste transduction. Pflugers Arch 2023:10.1007/s00424-023-02834-8. [PMID: 37369785 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The current concept of taste transduction implicates the TASR/PLCβ2/IP3R3/TRPM5 axis in mediating chemo-electrical coupling in taste cells of the type II. While generation of IP3 has been verified as an obligatory step, DAG appears to be a byproduct of PIP2 cleavage by PLCβ2. Here, we provide evidence that DAG-signaling could play a significant and not yet recognized role in taste transduction. In particular, we found that DAG-gated channels are functional in type II cells but not in type I and type III cells. The DAG-gated current presumably constitutes a fraction of the generator current triggered by taste stimulation in type II cells. Bitter stimuli and DAG analogs produced Ca2+ transients in type II cells, which were greatly decreased at low bath Ca2+, indicating their dependence on Ca2+ influx. Among DAG-gated channels, transcripts solely for TRPC3 were detected in the taste tissue, thus implicating this channel in mediating DAG-regulated Ca2+ entry. Release of the afferent neurotransmitter ATP from CV papillae was monitored online by using the luciferin/luciferase method and Ussing-like chamber. It was shown that ATP secretion initiated by bitter stimuli and DAG analogs strongly depended on mucosal Ca2+. Based on the overall findings, we speculate that in taste transduction, IP3-driven Ca2+ release is transient and mainly responsible for rapid activation of Ca2+-gated TRPM5 channels, thus forming the initial phase of receptor potential. DAG-regulated Ca2+ entry through apically situated TRPC3 channels extends the primary Ca2+ signal and preserves TRPM5 activity, providing a needful prolongation of the receptor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Cherkashin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Olga A Rogachevskaja
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Alexander A Khokhlov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Natalia V Kabanova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Marina F Bystrova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Stanislav S Kolesnikov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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9
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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10
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Ojha NK, Zufall F, Leinders-Zufall T. Optical Activation of Photoswitchable TRPC Ligands in the Mammalian Olfactory System Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2710:31-47. [PMID: 37688722 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3425-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) ion channels play important biological roles, but their activation mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we describe recent methodological advances using small molecular probes designed for photopharmacology of TRPC channels by focusing on results obtained from the mouse olfactory system. These studies developed and used photoswitchable diacylglycerol (DAG) analogs for ultrarapid activation of native TRPC2 channels in vomeronasal sensory neurons and type B cells of the main olfactory epithelium. Further studies investigated the role of TRPC5 channels in prolactin regulation of dopamine neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Here, the first photoswitchable TRPC5 modulator, BTDAzo, was developed and shown to control endogenous TRPC5-based neuronal Ca2+ responses in mouse brain slices. Thus, photoswitchable reagents are rapidly gaining widespread recognition for investigating various types of TRPC channels including TRPC2, TRPC3, TRPC5, and TRPC6, enabling to gain new insights into the gating mechanisms and functions of these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin K Ojha
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Trese Leinders-Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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11
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Wang Q, Sengoku T, Titlow WB, Strange JL, McClintock TS. Dissociation of Mouse Olfactory Mucosae for Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting of Olfactory Sensory Neurons. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2710:111-120. [PMID: 37688728 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3425-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
An increasing diversity of techniques investigating the biology of specific cell types and individual cells have elevated the importance of dissociation of viable cells from living tissues. Here we describe a method for the dissociation of single cells from samples of adult mouse olfactory mucosae, with an emphasis on maximizing yield of viable single cells from fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Yields are typically in the range of 80,000-150,000 viable cells per adult mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tomoko Sengoku
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - William B Titlow
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strange
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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12
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Curcic S, Erkan-Candag H, Pilic J, Malli R, Wiedner P, Tiapko O, Groschner K. TRPC3 governs the spatiotemporal organization of cellular Ca 2+ signatures by functional coupling to IP 3 receptors. Cell Calcium 2022; 108:102670. [PMID: 36375273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Communication between TRPC channels and IP3 receptors (IP3R) is considered pivotal in the generation of spatiotemporal Ca2+signaling patterns. Here we revisited the role of TRPC3-IP3R coupling for local Ca2+ signaling within TRPC3-harbouring micro/nanodomains using R-GECO as a reporter, fused to the channel´s C-terminus. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ changes at TRPC3 originated from both the entry of Ca2+ through the TRPC channel and Ca2+ mobilization via IP3R. Local Ca2+ changes at TRPC3 channels expressed in HEK293 cells were predominantly biphasic with IP3R-dependent initial Ca2+ transients, while exclusively monophasic signals were recorded when all three IP3R isoforms were lacking. Abrogation of Ca2+ entry through TRPC3 by point mutations, which impair Ca2+ permeability (E630Q), cation permeation (E630K), or DAG sensitivity (G652A), promoted microdomain Ca2+ oscillations. Ca2+ signals at E630Q, E630K, and G652A channels featured initial Ca2+ transients along with oscillatory activity. Similarly, when extracellular Ca2+ was omitted, IP3R-mediated Ca2+ transients and Ca2+ oscillations were promoted at the cytoplasmic face of wild-type TRPC3 channels. By contrast, oscillations, as well as initial Ca2+ transients, were virtually lacking, when the TRPC3 channels were sensitized by preexposure to low-level PLC activity. TIRF imaging provided evidence for dynamic colocalization of TRPC3 and IP3R. We suggest that TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ entry controls IP3R activity at ER-PM junctions to determine Ca2+ signaling signatures and enable specificity of downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Curcic
- Gottfried-Schatz Research Center (Biophysics), Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Hazel Erkan-Candag
- Gottfried-Schatz Research Center (Biophysics), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Pilic
- Gottfried-Schatz Research Center (Molecular Biology and Biochemistry), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried-Schatz Research Center (Molecular Biology and Biochemistry), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick Wiedner
- Gottfried-Schatz Research Center (Biophysics), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Oleksandra Tiapko
- Gottfried-Schatz Research Center (Biophysics), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Gottfried-Schatz Research Center (Biophysics), Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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13
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The Role of Diacylglycerol Kinase in the Amelioration of Diabetic Nephropathy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206784. [PMID: 36296376 PMCID: PMC9607625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The drastic increase in the number of patients with diabetes and its complications is a global issue. Diabetic nephropathy, the leading cause of chronic kidney disease, significantly affects patients’ quality of life and medical expenses. Furthermore, there are limited drugs for treating diabetic nephropathy patients. Impaired lipid signaling, especially abnormal protein kinase C (PKC) activation by de novo-synthesized diacylglycerol (DG) under high blood glucose, is one of the causes of diabetic nephropathy. DG kinase (DGK) is an enzyme that phosphorylates DG and generates phosphatidic acid, i.e., DGK can inhibit PKC activation under diabetic conditions. Indeed, it has been proven that DGK activation ameliorates diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we summarize the involvement of PKC and DGK in diabetic nephropathy as therapeutic targets, and its mechanisms, by referring to our recent study.
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14
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Sarno N, Hernandez-Clavijo A, Boccaccio A, Menini A, Pifferi S. Slow Inactivation of Sodium Channels Contributes to Short-Term Adaptation in Vomeronasal Sensory Neurons. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0471-21.2022. [PMID: 35487703 PMCID: PMC9116931 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0471-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation plays an important role in sensory systems as it dynamically modifies sensitivity to allow the detection of stimulus changes. The vomeronasal system controls many social behaviors in most mammals by detecting pheromones released by conspecifics. Stimuli activate a transduction cascade in vomeronasal neurons that leads to spiking activity. Whether and how these neurons adapt to stimuli is still debated and largely unknown. Here, we measured short-term adaptation performing current-clamp whole-cell recordings by using diluted urine as a stimulus, as it contains many pheromones. We measured spike frequency adaptation in response to repeated identical stimuli of 2-10 s duration that was dependent on the time interval between stimuli. Responses to paired current steps, bypassing the signal transduction cascade, also showed spike frequency adaptation. We found that voltage-gated Na+ channels in VSNs undergo slow inactivation processes. Furthermore, recovery from slow inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels occurs in several seconds, a time scale similar to that measured during paired-pulse adaptation protocols, suggesting that it partially contributes to short-term spike frequency adaptation. We conclude that vomeronasal neurons do exhibit a time-dependent short-term spike frequency adaptation to repeated natural stimuli and that slow inactivation of Na+ channels contributes to this form of adaptation. These findings not only increase our knowledge about adaptation in the vomeronasal system, but also raise the question of whether slow inactivation of Na+ channels may play a role in other sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Sarno
- Neurobiology Group, SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andres Hernandez-Clavijo
- Neurobiology Group, SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Boccaccio
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Menini
- Neurobiology Group, SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Pifferi
- Neurobiology Group, SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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15
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Hermann C, Treder A, Näher M, Geiseler R, Gudermann T, Mederos Y Schnitzler M, Storch U. The normalized slope conductance as a tool for quantitative analysis of current-voltage relations. Biophys J 2022; 121:1435-1448. [PMID: 35300969 PMCID: PMC9072577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The patch-clamp method which was rewarded with the Nobel Prize in 1991 is a well-established and indispensable method to study ion channels in living cells and to biophysically characterize non-voltage-gated ion channels that comprise about 70% of all ion channels in the human genome. To investigate the biophysical properties of non-voltage-gated ion channels, whole-cell measurements with application of continuous voltage-ramps are routinely conducted to obtain current-voltage (IV) relationships. However, adequate tools for detailed and quantitative analysis of IV curves are still missing. We use the example of the transient receptor potential classical (TRPC) channel family to elucidate whether the normalized slope conductance (NSC) is an appropriate tool for a reliable discrimination of the IV curves of diverse TRPC channels that differ in their individual curve progression. We provide a robust calculation method for the NSC, and by applying this method we find that TRPC channel activators and modulators can evoke different NSC progressions independent from their expression levels which is pointing to distinguishable active channel states. TRPC6 mutations of patients suffering from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) resulted in distinct NSC progressions suggesting that the NSC is suitable to investigate structure-function relations and might help unravel the unknown pathomechanisms leading to FSGS. Altogether, the NCS represents an effective algorithm for extended biophysical characterization of non-voltage-gated ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Aaron Treder
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Marius Näher
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Geiseler
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;; Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Mederos Y Schnitzler
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ursula Storch
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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16
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Sakuma A, Zhang Z, Suzuki E, Nagasawa T, Nikaido M. A transcriptomic reevaluation of the accessory olfactory organ in Bichir (Polypterus senegalus). ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2022; 8:5. [PMID: 35135614 PMCID: PMC8822828 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-022-00189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fish possess one olfactory organ called the olfactory epithelium (OE), by which various chemical substances are detected. On the other hand, tetrapods possess two independent olfactory organs called the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and vomeronasal organ (VNO), each of which mainly detects general odorants and pheromones, respectively. Traditionally, the VNO, so-called concentrations of vomeronasal neurons, was believed to have originated in tetrapods. However, recent studies have identified a primordial VNO in lungfish, implying that the origin of the VNO was earlier than traditionally expected. In this study, we examined the presence/absence of the VNO in the olfactory organ of bichir (Polypterus senegalus), which is the most ancestral group of extant bony vertebrates. In particular, we conducted a transcriptomic evaluation of the accessory olfactory organ (AOO), which is anatomically separated from the main olfactory organ (MOO) in bichir. As a result, several landmark genes specific to the VNO and MOE in tetrapods were both expressed in the MOO and AOO, suggesting that these organs were not functionally distinct in terms of pheromone and odorant detection. Instead, differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis showed that DEGs in AOO were enriched in genes for cilia movement, implying its additional and specific function in efficient water uptake into the nasal cavity other than chemosensing. This transcriptomic study provides novel insight into the long-standing question of AOO function in bichir and suggests that VNO originated in the lineage of lobe-finned fish during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Sakuma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Zicong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eri Suzuki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Nagasawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Nikaido
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
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17
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Masson B, Montani D, Humbert M, Capuano V, Antigny F. Role of Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in the Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Occurring in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1781. [PMID: 34944425 PMCID: PMC8698435 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and multifactorial disease. PAH pathogenesis mostly involves pulmonary arterial endothelial and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) dysfunction, leading to alterations in pulmonary arterial tone and distal pulmonary vessel obstruction and remodeling. Unfortunately, current PAH therapies are not curative, and therapeutic approaches mostly target endothelial dysfunction, while PASMC dysfunction is under investigation. In PAH, modifications in intracellular Ca2+ homoeostasis could partly explain PASMC dysfunction. One of the most crucial actors regulating Ca2+ homeostasis is store-operated Ca2+ channels, which mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). This review focuses on the main actors of SOCE in human and experimental PASMC, their contribution to PAH pathogenesis, and their therapeutic potential in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Masson
- Faculté de Médecine, School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (B.M.); (D.M.); (M.H.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- Faculté de Médecine, School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (B.M.); (D.M.); (M.H.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Faculté de Médecine, School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (B.M.); (D.M.); (M.H.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Faculté de Médecine, School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (B.M.); (D.M.); (M.H.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Research and Innovation Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Faculté de Médecine, School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (B.M.); (D.M.); (M.H.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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18
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TMEM16A and TMEM16B Modulate Pheromone-Evoked Action Potential Firing in Mouse Vomeronasal Sensory Neurons. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0179-21.2021. [PMID: 34433575 PMCID: PMC8445037 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0179-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse vomeronasal system controls several social behaviors. Pheromones and other social cues are detected by sensory neurons in the vomeronasal organ (VNO). Stimuli activate a transduction cascade that leads to membrane potential depolarization, increase in cytosolic Ca2+ level, and increased firing. The Ca2+-activated chloride channels TMEM16A and TMEM16B are co-expressed within microvilli of vomeronasal neurons, but their physiological role remains elusive. Here, we investigate the contribution of each of these channels to vomeronasal neuron firing activity by comparing wild-type (WT) and knock-out (KO) mice. Performing loose-patch recordings from neurons in acute VNO slices, we show that spontaneous activity is modified by Tmem16a KO, indicating that TMEM16A, but not TMEM16B, is active under basal conditions. Upon exposure to diluted urine, a rich source of mouse pheromones, we observe significant changes in activity. Vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) from Tmem16a cKO and Tmem16b KO mice show shorter interspike intervals (ISIs) compared with WT mice, indicating that both TMEM16A and TMEM16B modulate the firing pattern of pheromone-evoked activity in VSNs.
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19
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Kaniganti T, Deogade A, Maduskar A, Mukherjee A, Guru A, Subhedar N, Ghose A. Sensitivity of olfactory sensory neurons to food cues is tuned to nutritional states by Neuropeptide Y signaling. J Neurochem 2021; 159:1028-1044. [PMID: 34359098 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of sensory perception by homeostatic feedback from physiological states is central to innate purposive behaviors. Olfaction is an important predictive modality for feeding-related behaviors and its modulation has been associated with hunger-satiety states. However, the mechanisms mapping internal states to chemosensory processing in order to modify behavior are poorly understood. In the zebrafish olfactory epithelium, a subset of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and the terminal nerve projections express neuropeptide Y (NPY). Using a combination of neuronal activity and behavioral evaluation, we find that NPY signaling in the peripheral olfactory system of zebrafish is correlated with its nutritional state and is both necessary and sufficient for the olfactory perception of food-related odorants. NPY activity dynamically modulates the microvillar OSN activation thresholds and acts cooperatively with amino acid signaling resulting in a switch-like increase in OSN sensitivity in starved animals. We suggest that cooperative activation of phospholipase C by convergent signaling from NPY and amino acid receptors is central to this heightened sensitivity. This study provides ethologically relevant, physiological evidence for NPY signaling in the modulation of OSN sensitivity to food-associated amino acid cues. We demonstrate sensory gating directly at the level of OSNs and identify a novel mechanistic framework for tuning olfactory sensitivity to prevailing energy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kaniganti
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, India
| | - Ajinkya Deogade
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, India
| | - Aditi Maduskar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, India
| | - Arghya Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, India
| | - Akash Guru
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, India
| | - Nishikant Subhedar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, India
| | - Aurnab Ghose
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, India
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20
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Manzini I, Schild D, Di Natale C. Principles of odor coding in vertebrates and artificial chemosensory systems. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:61-154. [PMID: 34254835 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological olfactory system is the sensory system responsible for the detection of the chemical composition of the environment. Several attempts to mimic biological olfactory systems have led to various artificial olfactory systems using different technical approaches. Here we provide a parallel description of biological olfactory systems and their technical counterparts. We start with a presentation of the input to the systems, the stimuli, and treat the interface between the external world and the environment where receptor neurons or artificial chemosensors reside. We then delineate the functions of receptor neurons and chemosensors as well as their overall I-O relationships. Up to this point, our account of the systems goes along similar lines. The next processing steps differ considerably: while in biology the processing step following the receptor neurons is the "integration" and "processing" of receptor neuron outputs in the olfactory bulb, this step has various realizations in electronic noses. For a long period of time, the signal processing stages beyond the olfactory bulb, i.e., the higher olfactory centers were little studied. Only recently there has been a marked growth of studies tackling the information processing in these centers. In electronic noses, a third stage of processing has virtually never been considered. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of both fields and, for the first time, attempt to tie them together. We hope it will be a breeding ground for better information, communication, and data exchange between very related but so far little connected fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Manzini
- Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Detlev Schild
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Cellular Biophysics, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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21
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Danger perception and stress response through an olfactory sensor for the bacterial metabolite hydrogen sulfide. Neuron 2021; 109:2469-2484.e7. [PMID: 34186026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory system serves a critical function as a danger detection system to trigger defense responses essential for survival. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive such defenses in mammals are incompletely understood. Here, we have discovered an ultrasensitive olfactory sensor for the highly poisonous bacterial metabolite hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in mice. An atypical class of sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium, the type B cells, is activated by both H2S and low O2. These two stimuli trigger, respectively, Cnga2- and Trpc2-signaling pathways, which operate in separate subcellular compartments, the cilia and the dendritic knob. This activation drives essential defensive responses: elevation of the stress hormone ACTH, stress-related self-grooming behavior, and conditioned place avoidance. Our findings identify a previously unknown signaling paradigm in mammalian olfaction and define type B cells as chemosensory neurons that integrate distinct danger inputs from the external environment with appropriate defense outputs.
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22
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Leinders-Zufall T, Storch U, Mederos y Schnitzler M, Ojha NK, Koike K, Gudermann T, Zufall F. A diacylglycerol photoswitching protocol for studying TRPC channel functions in mammalian cells and tissue slices. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100527. [PMID: 34027485 PMCID: PMC8121987 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecular probes designed for photopharmacology and opto-chemogenetics are rapidly gaining widespread recognition for investigations of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels. This protocol describes the use of three photoswitchable diacylglycerol analogs—PhoDAG-1, PhoDAG-3, and OptoDArG—for ultrarapid activation and deactivation of native TRPC2 channels in mouse vomeronasal sensory neurons and olfactory type B cells, as well as heterologously expressed human TRPC6 channels. Photoconversion can be achieved in mammalian tissue slices and enables all-optical stimulation and shutoff of TRPC channels. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Leinders-Zufall et al. (2018). DAG photoswitching enables ultrarapid activation and deactivation of TRPC channels Multiple photoswitchable DAG analogs are now available DAG photoconversion is sufficient for the gating of TRPC2, TRPC3, and TRPC6 Photoswitching combined with Ca2+ imaging enables all-optical stimulation and recording
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Affiliation(s)
- Trese Leinders-Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Storch
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Michael Mederos y Schnitzler
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Navin K. Ojha
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Kohei Koike
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Frank Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Corresponding author
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23
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Bacsa B, Tiapko O, Stockner T, Groschner K. Mechanisms and significance of Ca 2+ entry through TRPC channels. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 17:25-33. [PMID: 33210055 PMCID: PMC7116371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of plasma membrane cation channels has been recognized as a signaling hub in highly diverse settings of human physiopathology. In the past three decades of TRP research, attention was focused mainly on the channels Ca2+ signaling function, albeit additional cellular functions, aside of providing a Ca2+ entry pathway, have been identified. Our understanding of Ca2+ signaling by TRP proteins has recently been advanced by a gain in high-resolution structure information on these pore complexes, and by the development of novel tools to investigate their role in spatiotemporal Ca2+ handling. This review summarizes recent discoveries as well as remaining, unresolved aspects of the canonical subfamily of transient receptor potential channels (TRPC) research. We aim at a concise overview on current mechanistic concepts of Ca2+ entry through- and Ca2+ signaling by TRPC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Bacsa
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center - Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/D04, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oleksandra Tiapko
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center - Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/D04, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center - Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/D04, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Kozma MT, Ngo-Vu H, Rump MT, Bobkov YV, Ache BW, Derby CD. Single cell transcriptomes reveal expression patterns of chemoreceptor genes in olfactory sensory neurons of the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:649. [PMID: 32962631 PMCID: PMC7510291 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crustaceans express several classes of receptor genes in their antennules, which house olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and non-olfactory chemosensory neurons. Transcriptomics studies reveal that candidate chemoreceptor proteins include variant Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) including both co-receptor IRs and tuning IRs, Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, Gustatory Receptors, epithelial sodium channels, and class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, expresses in its antennules nearly 600 IRs, 17 TRP channels, 1 Gustatory Receptor, 7 epithelial sodium channels, 81 GPCRs, 6 G proteins, and dozens of enzymes in signaling pathways. However, the specific combinatorial expression patterns of these proteins in single sensory neurons are not known for any crustacean, limiting our understanding of how their chemosensory systems encode chemical quality. RESULTS The goal of this study was to use transcriptomics to describe expression patterns of chemoreceptor genes in OSNs of P. argus. We generated and analyzed transcriptomes from 7 single OSNs, some of which were shown to respond to a food odor, as well as an additional 7 multicell transcriptomes from preparations containing few (2-4), several (ca. 15), or many (ca. 400) OSNs. We found that each OSN expressed the same 2 co-receptor IRs (IR25a, IR93a) but not the other 2 antennular coIRs (IR8a, IR76b), 9-53 tuning IRs but only one to a few in high abundance, the same 5 TRP channels plus up to 5 additional TRPs, 12-17 GPCRs including the same 5 expressed in every single cell transcriptome, the same 3 G proteins plus others, many enzymes in the signaling pathways, but no Gustatory Receptors or epithelial sodium channels. The greatest difference in receptor expression among the OSNs was the identity of the tuning IRs. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide an initial view of the combinatorial expression patterns of receptor molecules in single OSNs in one species of decapod crustacean, including receptors directly involved in olfactory transduction and others likely involved in modulation. Our results also suggest differences in receptor expression in OSNs vs. other chemosensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihika T Kozma
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Hanh Ngo-Vu
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Matthew T Rump
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Yuriy V Bobkov
- Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, 32084, USA
| | - Barry W Ache
- Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, 32084, USA
| | - Charles D Derby
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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Beyond Lipid Signaling: Pleiotropic Effects of Diacylglycerol Kinases in Cellular Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186861. [PMID: 32962151 PMCID: PMC7554708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diacylglycerol kinase family, which can attenuate diacylglycerol signaling and activate phosphatidic acid signaling, regulates various signaling transductions in the mammalian cells. Studies on the regulation of diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid levels by various enzymes, the identification and characterization of various diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid-regulated proteins, and the overlap of different diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid metabolic and signaling processes have revealed the complex and non-redundant roles of diacylglycerol kinases in regulating multiple biochemical and biological networks. In this review article, we summarized recent progress in the complex and non-redundant roles of diacylglycerol kinases, which is expected to aid in restoring dysregulated biochemical and biological networks in various pathological conditions at the bed side.
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New Era of Diacylglycerol Kinase, Phosphatidic Acid and Phosphatidic Acid-Binding Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186794. [PMID: 32947951 PMCID: PMC7555651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). Mammalian DGK consists of ten isozymes (α–κ) and governs a wide range of physiological and pathological events, including immune responses, neuronal networking, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, fragile X syndrome, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. DG and PA comprise diverse molecular species that have different acyl chains at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. Because the DGK activity is essential for phosphatidylinositol turnover, which exclusively produces 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-DG, it has been generally thought that all DGK isozymes utilize the DG species derived from the turnover. However, it was recently revealed that DGK isozymes, except for DGKε, phosphorylate diverse DG species, which are not derived from phosphatidylinositol turnover. In addition, various PA-binding proteins (PABPs), which have different selectivities for PA species, were recently found. These results suggest that DGK–PA–PABP axes can potentially construct a large and complex signaling network and play physiologically and pathologically important roles in addition to DGK-dependent attenuation of DG–DG-binding protein axes. For example, 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-PA produced by DGKδ interacts with and activates Praja-1, the E3 ubiquitin ligase acting on the serotonin transporter, which is a target of drugs for obsessive-compulsive and major depressive disorders, in the brain. This article reviews recent research progress on PA species produced by DGK isozymes, the selective binding of PABPs to PA species and a phosphatidylinositol turnover-independent DG supply pathway.
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Duitama M, Vargas-López V, Casas Z, Albarracin SL, Sutachan JJ, Torres YP. TRP Channels Role in Pain Associated With Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:782. [PMID: 32848557 PMCID: PMC7417429 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) are cation channels expressed in both non-excitable and excitable cells from diverse tissues, including heart, lung, and brain. The TRP channel family includes 28 isoforms activated by physical and chemical stimuli, such as temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, and noxious stimuli. Recently, it has been shown that TRP channels are also directly or indirectly activated by reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and TRP channels are involved in the progression of those diseases by mechanisms involving changes in the crosstalk between Ca2+ regulation, oxidative stress, and production of inflammatory mediators. TRP channels involved in nociception include members of the TRPV, TRPM, TRPA, and TRPC subfamilies that transduce physical and chemical noxious stimuli. It has also been reported that pain is a complex issue in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and adequate management of pain in those conditions is still in discussion. TRPV1 has a role in neuroinflammation, a critical mechanism involved in neurodegeneration. Therefore, some studies have considered TRPV1 as a target for both pain treatment and neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, this review aimed to describe the TRP-dependent mechanism that can mediate pain sensation in neurodegenerative diseases and the therapeutic approach available to palliate pain and neurodegenerative symptoms throughout the regulation of these channels.
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Camacho Londoño JE, Kuryshev V, Zorn M, Saar K, Tian Q, Hübner N, Nawroth P, Dietrich A, Birnbaumer L, Lipp P, Dieterich C, Freichel M. Transcriptional signatures regulated by TRPC1/C4-mediated Background Ca 2+ entry after pressure-overload induced cardiac remodelling. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 159:86-104. [PMID: 32738354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS After summarizing current concepts for the role of TRPC cation channels in cardiac cells and in processes triggered by mechanical stimuli arising e.g. during pressure overload, we analysed the role of TRPC1 and TRPC4 for background Ca2+ entry (BGCE) and for cardiac pressure overload induced transcriptional remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS Mn2+-quench analysis in cardiomyocytes from several Trpc-deficient mice revealed that both TRPC1 and TRPC4 are required for BGCE. Electrically-evoked cell shortening of cardiomyocytes from TRPC1/C4-DKO mice was reduced, whereas parameters of cardiac contractility and relaxation assessed in vivo were unaltered. As pathological cardiac remodelling in mice depends on their genetic background, and the development of cardiac remodelling was found to be reduced in TRPC1/C4-DKO mice on a mixed genetic background, we studied TRPC1/C4-DKO mice on a C57BL6/N genetic background. Cardiac hypertrophy was reduced in those mice after chronic isoproterenol infusion (-51.4%) or after one week of transverse aortic constriction (TAC; -73.0%). This last manoeuvre was preceded by changes in the pressure overload induced transcriptional program as analysed by RNA sequencing. Genes encoding specific collagens, the Mef2 target myomaxin and the gene encoding the mechanosensitive channel Piezo2 were up-regulated after TAC in wild type but not in TRPC1/C4-DKO hearts. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of the TRPC1 and TRPC4 channel proteins protects against development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy independently of the genetic background. To determine if the TRPC1/C4-dependent changes in the pressure overload induced alterations in the transcriptional program causally contribute to cardio-protection needs to be elaborated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Camacho Londoño
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
| | - Vladimir Kuryshev
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Innere Medizin III, Bioinformatik und Systemkardiologie, Klaus Tschira Institute for Computational Cardiology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Zorn
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Saar
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qinghai Tian
- Medical Faculty, Centre for Molecular Signalling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Research Center for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany; Charité -Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Dept. of Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dietrich
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, NIEHS, North Carolina, USA and Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, C1107AFF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter Lipp
- Medical Faculty, Centre for Molecular Signalling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Research Center for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany; Innere Medizin III, Bioinformatik und Systemkardiologie, Klaus Tschira Institute for Computational Cardiology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
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Transcriptomic Profiling of Ca2+ Transport Systems During the Formation of the Cerebral Cortex in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081800. [PMID: 32751129 PMCID: PMC7465657 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) transients control key neural processes, including neurogenesis, migration, the polarization and growth of neurons, and the establishment and maintenance of synaptic connections. They are thus involved in the development and formation of the neural system. In this study, a publicly available whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) dataset was used to examine the expression of genes coding for putative plasma membrane and organellar Ca2+-transporting proteins (channels, pumps, exchangers, and transporters) during the formation of the cerebral cortex in mice. Four ages were considered: embryonic days 11 (E11), 13 (E13), and 17 (E17), and post-natal day 1 (PN1). This transcriptomic profiling was also combined with live-cell Ca2+ imaging recordings to assess the presence of functional Ca2+ transport systems in E13 neurons. The most important Ca2+ routes of the cortical wall at the onset of corticogenesis (E11–E13) were TACAN, GluK5, nAChR β2, Cav3.1, Orai3, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) non-mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 2 (NCX2), and the connexins CX43/CX45/CX37. Hence, transient receptor potential cation channel mucolipin subfamily member 1 (TRPML1), transmembrane protein 165 (TMEM165), and Ca2+ “leak” channels are prominent intracellular Ca2+ pathways. The Ca2+ pumps sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase 1 (PMCA1) control the resting basal Ca2+ levels. At the end of neurogenesis (E17 and onward), a more numerous and diverse population of Ca2+ uptake systems was observed. In addition to the actors listed above, prominent Ca2+-conducting systems of the cortical wall emerged, including acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1), Orai2, P2X2, and GluN1. Altogether, this study provides a detailed view of the pattern of expression of the main actors participating in the import, export, and release of Ca2+. This work can serve as a framework for further functional and mechanistic studies on Ca2+ signaling during cerebral cortex formation.
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A Family of Auxiliary Subunits of the TRP Cation Channel Encoded by the Complex inaF Locus. Genetics 2020; 215:713-728. [PMID: 32434796 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TRP channels function in many types of sensory receptor cells. Despite extensive analyses, an open question is whether there exists a family of auxiliary subunits, which could influence localization, trafficking, and function of TRP channels. Here, using Drosophila melanogaster, we reveal a previously unknown TRP interacting protein, INAF-C, which is expressed exclusively in the ultraviolet-sensing R7 photoreceptor cells. INAF-C is encoded by an unusual locus comprised of four distinct coding regions, which give rise to four unique single-transmembrane-containing proteins. With the exception of INAF-B, roles for the other INAF proteins were unknown. We found that both INAF-B and INAF-C are required for TRP stability and localization in R7 cells. Conversely, loss of just INAF-B greatly reduced TRP from other types of photoreceptor cells, but not R7. The requirements for TRP and INAF are reciprocal, since loss of TRP decreased the concentrations of both INAF-B and INAF-C. INAF-A, which is not normally expressed in photoreceptor cells, can functionally substitute for INAF-B, indicating that it is a third TRP auxiliary protein. Reminiscent of the structural requirements between Kv channels and KCNE auxiliary subunits, the codependencies of TRP and INAF depended on several transmembrane domains (TMDs) in TRP, and the TMD and the C-terminus of INAF-B. Our studies support a model in which the inaF locus encodes a family of at least three TRP auxiliary subunits.
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Merino-Cortés SV, Gardeta SR, Roman-Garcia S, Martínez-Riaño A, Pineau J, Liebana R, Merida I, Dumenil AML, Pierobon P, Husson J, Alarcon B, Carrasco YR. Diacylglycerol kinase ζ promotes actin cytoskeleton remodeling and mechanical forces at the B cell immune synapse. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/627/eaaw8214. [PMID: 32291315 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw8214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) limit antigen receptor signaling in immune cells by consuming the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). Here, we showed that DGKζ promotes lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1)-mediated adhesion and F-actin generation at the immune synapse of B cells with antigen-presenting cells (APCs), mostly in a PA-dependent manner. Measurement of single-cell mechanical force generation indicated that DGKζ-deficient B cells exerted lower forces at the immune synapse than did wild-type B cells. Nonmuscle myosin activation and translocation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) to the immune synapse were also impaired in DGKζ-deficient B cells. These functional defects correlated with the decreased ability of B cells to present antigen and activate T cells in vitro. The in vivo germinal center response of DGKζ-deficient B cells was also reduced compared with that of wild-type B cells, indicating that loss of DGKζ in B cells impaired T cell help. Together, our data suggest that DGKζ shapes B cell responses by regulating actin remodeling, force generation, and antigen uptake-related events at the immune synapse. Hence, an appropriate balance in the amounts of DAG and PA is required for optimal B cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Merino-Cortés
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia R Gardeta
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Roman-Garcia
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez-Riaño
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Pineau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Rosa Liebana
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Merida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paolo Pierobon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Julien Husson
- Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyx), Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Balbino Alarcon
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda R Carrasco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Eckstein E, Pyrski M, Pinto S, Freichel M, Vennekens R, Zufall F. Cyclic regulation of Trpm4 expression in female vomeronasal neurons driven by ovarian sex hormones. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 105:103495. [PMID: 32298804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The vomeronasal organ (VNO), the sensory organ of the mammalian accessory olfactory system, mediates the activation of sexually dimorphic reproductive behavioral and endocrine responses in males and females. It is unclear how sexually dimorphic and state-dependent responses are generated by vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs). Here, we report the expression of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel Trpm4, a Ca2+-activated monovalent cation channel, as a second TRP channel present in mouse VSNs, in addition to the diacylglycerol-sensitive Trpc2 channel. The expression of Trpm4 in the mouse VNO is sexually dimorphic and, in females, is tightly linked to their reproductive cycle. We show that Trpm4 protein expression is upregulated specifically during proestrus and estrus, when female mice are about to ovulate and become sexually active and receptive. The cyclic regulation of Trpm4 expression in female VSNs depends on ovarian sex hormones and is abolished by surgical removal of the ovaries (OVX). Trpm4 upregulation can be restored in OVX mice by systemic treatment with 17ß-estradiol, requires endogenous activity of aromatase enzyme, and is strongly reduced during late pregnancy. This cyclic regulation of Trpm4 offers a neural mechanism by which female mice could regulate the relative strength of sensory signals in their VSNs, depending on hormonal state. Trpm4 is likely to participate in sex-specific, estrous cycle-dependent and sex hormone-regulated functions of the VNO, and may serve as a previously unknown genetic substrate for dissecting mammalian sexually dimorphic cellular and behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Eckstein
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martina Pyrski
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Pinto
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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Wang H, Cheng X, Tian J, Xiao Y, Tian T, Xu F, Hong X, Zhu MX. TRPC channels: Structure, function, regulation and recent advances in small molecular probes. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 209:107497. [PMID: 32004513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels constitute a group of receptor-operated calcium-permeable nonselective cation channels of the TRP superfamily. The seven mammalian TRPC members, which can be further divided into four subgroups (TRPC1, TRPC2, TRPC4/5, and TRPC3/6/7) based on their amino acid sequences and functional similarities, contribute to a broad spectrum of cellular functions and physiological roles. Studies have revealed complexity of their regulation involving several components of the phospholipase C pathway, Gi and Go proteins, and internal Ca2+ stores. Recent advances in cryogenic electron microscopy have provided several high-resolution structures of TRPC channels. Growing evidence demonstrates the involvement of TRPC channels in diseases, particularly the link between genetic mutations of TRPC6 and familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Because TRPCs were discovered by the molecular identity first, their pharmacology had lagged behind. This is rapidly changing in recent years owning to great efforts from both academia and industry. A number of potent tool compounds from both synthetic and natural products that selective target different subtypes of TRPC channels have been discovered, including some preclinical drug candidates. This review will cover recent advancements in the understanding of TRPC channel regulation, structure, and discovery of novel TRPC small molecular probes over the past few years, with the goal of facilitating drug discovery for the study of TRPCs and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Xiaoding Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinbin Tian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Innovation Center for Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization and Quality Control, Medical College, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Fuchun Xu
- Innovation Center for Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization and Quality Control, Medical College, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Innovation Center for Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization and Quality Control, Medical College, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Conrard L, Tyteca D. Regulation of Membrane Calcium Transport Proteins by the Surrounding Lipid Environment. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E513. [PMID: 31547139 PMCID: PMC6843150 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are major messengers in cell signaling, impacting nearly every aspect of cellular life. Those signals are generated within a wide spatial and temporal range through a large variety of Ca2+ channels, pumps, and exchangers. More and more evidences suggest that Ca2+ exchanges are regulated by their surrounding lipid environment. In this review, we point out the technical challenges that are currently being overcome and those that still need to be defeated to analyze the Ca2+ transport protein-lipid interactions. We then provide evidences for the modulation of Ca2+ transport proteins by lipids, including cholesterol, acidic phospholipids, sphingolipids, and their metabolites. We also integrate documented mechanisms involved in the regulation of Ca2+ transport proteins by the lipid environment. Those include: (i) Direct interaction inside the protein with non-annular lipids; (ii) close interaction with the first shell of annular lipids; (iii) regulation of membrane biophysical properties (e.g., membrane lipid packing, thickness, and curvature) directly around the protein through annular lipids; and (iv) gathering and downstream signaling of several proteins inside lipid domains. We finally discuss recent reports supporting the related alteration of Ca2+ and lipids in different pathophysiological events and the possibility to target lipids in Ca2+-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Conrard
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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35
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Hecker N, Lächele U, Stuckas H, Giere P, Hiller M. Convergent vomeronasal system reduction in mammals coincides with convergent losses of calcium signalling and odorant-degrading genes. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3656-3668. [PMID: 31332871 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vomeronasal system (VNS) serves crucial functions for detecting olfactory clues often related to social and sexual behaviour. Intriguingly, two of the main components of the VNS, the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the accessory olfactory bulb, are regressed in aquatic mammals, several bats and primates, likely due to adaptations to different ecological niches. To detect genomic changes that are associated with the convergent reduction of the VNS, we performed the first systematic screen for convergently inactivated protein-coding genes associated with convergent VNS reduction, considering 106 mammalian genomes. Extending previous studies, our results support that Trpc2, a cation channel that is important for calcium signalling in the VNO, is a predictive molecular marker for the presence of a VNS. Our screen also detected the convergent inactivation of the calcium-binding protein S100z, the aldehyde oxidase Aox2 that is involved in odorant degradation, and the uncharacterized Mslnl gene that is expressed in the VNO and olfactory epithelium. Furthermore, we found that Trpc2 and S100z or Aox2 are also inactivated in otters and Phocid seals for which no morphological data about the VNS are available yet. This predicts a VNS reduction in these semi-aquatic mammals. By examining the genomes of 115 species in total, our study provides a detailed picture of how the convergent reduction of the VNS coincides with gene inactivation in placental mammals. These inactivated genes provide experimental targets for studying the evolution and biological significance of the olfactory system under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Hecker
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulla Lächele
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Stuckas
- Population Genetics, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Giere
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hiller
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
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36
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Mohrhardt J, Nagel M, Fleck D, Ben-Shaul Y, Spehr M. Signal Detection and Coding in the Accessory Olfactory System. Chem Senses 2019; 43:667-695. [PMID: 30256909 PMCID: PMC6211456 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjy061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In many mammalian species, the accessory olfactory system plays a central role in guiding behavioral and physiological responses to social and reproductive interactions. Because of its relatively compact structure and its direct access to amygdalar and hypothalamic nuclei, the accessory olfactory pathway provides an ideal system to study sensory control of complex mammalian behavior. During the last several years, many studies employing molecular, behavioral, and physiological approaches have significantly expanded and enhanced our understanding of this system. The purpose of the current review is to integrate older and newer studies to present an updated and comprehensive picture of vomeronasal signaling and coding with an emphasis on early accessory olfactory system processing stages. These include vomeronasal sensory neurons in the vomeronasal organ, and the circuitry of the accessory olfactory bulb. Because the overwhelming majority of studies on accessory olfactory system function employ rodents, this review is largely focused on this phylogenetic order, and on mice in particular. Taken together, the emerging view from both older literature and more recent studies is that the molecular, cellular, and circuit properties of chemosensory signaling along the accessory olfactory pathway are in many ways unique. Yet, it has also become evident that, like the main olfactory system, the accessory olfactory system also has the capacity for adaptive learning, experience, and state-dependent plasticity. In addition to describing what is currently known about accessory olfactory system function and physiology, we highlight what we believe are important gaps in our knowledge, which thus define exciting directions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mohrhardt
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Nagel
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Fleck
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yoram Ben-Shaul
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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37
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Thakore P, Earley S. Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Endothelial Cell Calcium Signaling. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1249-1277. [PMID: 31187891 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a broadly distributed and highly specialized organ. The endothelium has a number of functions including the control of blood vessels diameter through the production and release of potent vasoactive substances or direct electrical communication with underlying smooth muscle cells, regulates the permeability of the vascular barrier, stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, and influences inflammatory and thrombotic processes. Endothelial cells that make up the endothelium express a variety of cell-surface receptors and ion channels on the plasma membrane that are capable of detecting circulating hormones, neurotransmitters, oxygen tension, and shear stress across the vascular wall. Changes in these stimuli activate signaling cascades that initiate an appropriate physiological response. Increases in the global intracellular Ca2+ concentration and localized Ca2+ signals that occur within specialized subcellular microdomains are fundamentally important components of many signaling pathways in the endothelium. The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of cation-permeable ion channels that act as a primary means of increasing cytosolic Ca2+ in endothelial cells. Consequently, TRP channels are vitally important for the major functions of the endothelium. In this review, we provide an in-depth discussion of Ca2+ -permeable TRP channels in the endothelium and their role in vascular regulation. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1249-1277, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratish Thakore
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
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38
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Abstract
Most olfactory receptors in vertebrates are G protein-coupled receptors, whose activation by odorants initiates intracellular signaling cascades through heterotrimeric G proteins consisting of α, β, and γ subunits. Abolishment of the α subunits such as Gαolf in the main olfactory epithelium and Gαi2 and Gαo in the vomeronasal organ resulted in anosmia and/or impaired behavioral responses. In this study, we report that a G protein γ subunit, Gγ13, is expressed in a spatiotemporal manner similar to those of Gαolf and Gαi2 in the olfactory system and vomeronasal organ, respectively. In addition, Gγ13 was found in the glomeruli of the main olfactory bulb but was largely absent in the glomeruli of the accessory olfactory bulb. Using the Cre-loxP system, the Gγ13's gene Gng13 was nullified in the mature olfactory sensory neurons and apical vomeronasal sensory neurons where the Cre recombinase was expressed under the promoter of the Omp gene for the olfactory marker protein. Immunohistochemistry indicated much reduced expression of Gγ13 in the apical vomeronasal epithelium of the mutant mice. Behavioral experiments showed that the frequency and duration of aggressive encounters in the male mutant mice were significantly lower than in WT male mice. Taken together, these data suggest that the Gγ13 subunit is a critical signaling component in both the main olfactory epithelium and apical vomeronasal epithelium, and it plays an essential role in odor-triggered social behaviors including male-male aggression.
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39
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Emerging Roles of Diacylglycerol-Sensitive TRPC4/5 Channels. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110218. [PMID: 30463370 PMCID: PMC6262340 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential classical or canonical 4 (TRPC4) and TRPC5 channels are members of the classical or canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel family of non-selective cation channels. TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels are widely accepted as receptor-operated cation channels that are activated in a phospholipase C-dependent manner, following the Gq/11 protein-coupled receptor activation. However, their precise activation mechanism has remained largely elusive for a long time, as the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels were considered as being insensitive to the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) in contrast to the other TRPC channels. Recent findings indicate that the C-terminal interactions with the scaffolding proteins Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 and 2 (NHERF1 and NHERF2) dynamically regulate the DAG sensitivity of the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. Interestingly, the C-terminal NHERF binding suppresses, while the dissociation of NHERF enables, the DAG sensitivity of the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. This leads to the assumption that all of the TRPC channels are DAG sensitive. The identification of the regulatory function of the NHERF proteins in the TRPC4/5-NHERF protein complex offers a new starting point to get deeper insights into the molecular basis of TRPC channel activation. Future studies will have to unravel the physiological and pathophysiological functions of this multi-protein channel complex.
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40
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Light-Induced Opening of the TRP Channel in Isolated Membrane Patches Excised from Photosensitive Microvilli from Drosophila Photoreceptors. Neuroscience 2018; 396:66-72. [PMID: 30458219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila phototransduction occurs in light-sensitive microvilli arranged in a longitudinal structure of the photoreceptor, termed the rhabdomere. Rhodopsin (Rh), isomerized by light, couples to G-protein, which activates phospholipase C (PLC), which in turn cleaves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) generating diacylglycerol (DAG), inositol trisphosphate and H+. This pathway opens the light-dependent channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) and transient receptor potential like (TRPL). PLC and TRP are held together in a protein assembly by the scaffold protein INAD. We report that the channels can be photoactivated in on-cell rhabdomeric patches and in excised patches by DAG. In excised patches, addition of PLC-activator, m-3M3FBS, or G-protein-activator, GTP-γ-S, opened TRP. These reagents were ineffective in PLC-mutant norpA and in the presence of PLC inhibitor U17322. However, DAG activated TRP even when PLC was pharmacologically or mutationally suppressed. These observations indicate that PLC, G-protein, and TRP were retained functional in these patches. DAG also activated TRP in the protein kinase C (PKC) mutant, inaC, excluding the possibility that PKC could mediate DAG-dependent TRP activation. Labeling diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) by fusion of fluorescent mCherry (mCherry-DGK) indicates that DGK, which returns DAG to dark levels, is highly expressed in the microvilli. In excised patches, TRP channels could be light-activated in the presence of GTP, which is required for G-protein activation. The evidence indicates that the proteins necessary for phototransduction are retained functionally after excision and that DAG is necessary and sufficient for TRP opening. This work opens up unique possibilities for studying, in sub-microscopic native membrane patches, the ubiquitous phosphoinositide signaling pathway and its regulatory mechanisms in unprecedented detail.
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Kelly E, Sharma D, Wilkinson CJ, Williams RSB. Diacylglycerol kinase (DGKA) regulates the effect of the epilepsy and bipolar disorder treatment valproic acid in Dictyostelium discoideum. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/9/dmm035600. [PMID: 30135067 PMCID: PMC6176992 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) provides a common treatment for both epilepsy and bipolar disorder; however, common cellular mechanisms relating to both disorders have yet to be proposed. Here, we explore the possibility of a diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) playing a role in regulating the effect of VPA relating to the treatment of both disorders, using the biomedical model Dictyostelium discoideum. DGK enzymes provide the first step in the phosphoinositide recycling pathway, implicated in seizure activity. They also regulate levels of diacylglycerol (DAG), thereby regulating the protein kinase C (PKC) activity that is linked to bipolar disorder-related signalling. Here, we show that ablation of the single Dictyostelium dgkA gene results in reduced sensitivity to the acute effects of VPA on cell behaviour. Loss of dgkA also provides reduced sensitivity to VPA in extended exposure during development. To differentiate a potential role for this DGKA-dependent mechanism in epilepsy and bipolar disorder treatment, we further show that the dgkA null mutant is resistant to the developmental effects of a range of structurally distinct branched medium-chain fatty acids with seizure control activity and to the bipolar disorder treatment lithium. Finally, we show that VPA, lithium and novel epilepsy treatments function through DAG regulation, and the presence of DGKA is necessary for compound-specific increases in DAG levels following treatment. Thus, these experiments suggest that, in Dictyostelium, loss of DGKA attenuates a common cellular effect of VPA relating to both epilepsy and bipolar disorder treatments, and that a range of new compounds with this effect should be investigated as alternative therapeutic agents. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Editor's choice: Here, using a tractable model system, Dictyostelium discoideum, we show that diacylglycerol kinase activity might contribute to the cellular mechanism of action of the epilepsy and bipolar disorder treatment, valproic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kelly
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Devdutt Sharma
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Christopher J Wilkinson
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
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42
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Gawalek P, Stengl M. The Diacylglycerol Analogs OAG and DOG Differentially Affect Primary Events of Pheromone Transduction in the Hawkmoth Manduca sexta in a Zeitgebertime-Dependent Manner Apparently Targeting TRP Channels. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:218. [PMID: 30087596 PMCID: PMC6066562 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For the hawkmoth Manduca sexta accumulating evidence suggests that pheromone transduction acts via a metabotropic signal transduction cascade, with G-protein-dependent phospholipase C (PLC) activations generating diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate as the primary events in hawkmoth pheromone transduction. In contrast, ionotropic olfactory receptor (OR) coreceptor (Orco)-dependent mechanisms do not appear to be involved. In hawkmoths pheromones activated a specific sequence of PLC-dependent ion channels of unknown identity. In several sensory systems transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels were found downstream of PLC as primary transduction channels. Also in the mammalian vomeronasal organ, DAG-dependent TRP channels are employed. Therefore, we hypothesized that TRPs may be downstream targets for DAG also in the hawkmoth pheromone signal transduction pathway. To test this, we employed two DAG analogs, OAG and DOG for in vivo single-sensillum tip-recordings of pheromone-sensitive sensilla. Since olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressed circadian changes in sensitivity throughout the day, we recorded at two different Zeitgebertimes (ZTs), the hawkmoths activity phase at ZT 1 and its resting phase at ZT 9. We found that the DAG analogs targeted at least two different TRP-like channels that underlie the primary events of hawkmoth pheromone transduction daytime-dependently. At both ZTs OAG sped up and increased the Orco-independent phasic action potential response without affecting the Orco-dependent late, long-lasting pheromone response. Thus, OAG most likely opened a transient Ca2+ permeable TRP channel that was available at both ZTs and that opened pheromone-dependently before Orco. In contrast, DOG slowed down and decreased the sensillum potential, the phasic-, and the late, long-lasting pheromone response. Therefore, DOG appeared to activate a protein kinase C (PKC) that closed TRP-like Ca2+ permeable channels and opened Ca2+ impermeable cation channels, which have been previously described and are most abundant at ZT 9. These data support our hypothesis that hawkmoth pheromone transduction is mediated by metabotropic PLC-dependent mechanisms that activate TRP-like channels as the primary event of pheromone transduction. In addition, our data indicate that at different times of the day different second messenger-dependent ion channels are available for pheromone transduction cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Stengl
- Animal Physiology, FB 10, Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
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43
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Silvotti L, Cavaliere RM, Belletti S, Tirindelli R. In-vivo activation of vomeronasal neurons shows adaptive responses to pheromonal stimuli. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8490. [PMID: 29855521 PMCID: PMC5981476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In most mammals, the vomeronasal system has a pivotal role in mediating socio-sexual behaviours. The vomeronasal organ senses pheromones through the activation of specific receptors. Pheromone binding to cognate receptors activates Ca-influx via the gating of a cation channel that generates membrane depolarisation. The ex-vivo activation of vomeronasal neurons (VSNs) by pheromonal stimuli has been largely investigated by electrophysiological and imaging techniques; however, few studies have been carried out to determine the physiological responses of VSNs, in-vivo. By tracking the phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein as a marker of neuronal activity, we show that S6 becomes phosphorylated (pS6) in mouse VSNs stimulated by intraspecific and heterospecific pheromonal cues. We observed that female scent induces pS6 immunoreactivity in the apical VSNs of male vomeronasal epithelium, whereas male cues stimulate S6 phosphorylation in both the basal and apical VSNs of females. We also show that this dimorphic pattern of pS6 immunoreactivity is reproduced when heterospecific stimuli are used. Moreover, we found that a consistent proportion of VSNs is activated by both heterospecific and intraspecific pheromones. Additionally, we have evidence of adaptive responses to S6 phosphorylation when stimulation with cues of the same and opposite sex and of different species is sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Silvotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Cavaliere
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvana Belletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Tirindelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
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Münch J, Billig G, Hübner CA, Leinders-Zufall T, Zufall F, Jentsch TJ. Ca 2+-activated Cl - currents in the murine vomeronasal organ enhance neuronal spiking but are dispensable for male-male aggression. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10392-10403. [PMID: 29769308 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-activated Cl- currents have been observed in many physiological processes, including sensory transduction in mammalian olfaction. The olfactory vomeronasal (or Jacobson's) organ (VNO) detects molecular cues originating from animals of the same species or from predators. It then triggers innate behaviors such as aggression, mating, or flight. In the VNO, Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs) are thought to amplify the initial pheromone-evoked receptor potential by mediating a depolarizing Cl- efflux. Here, we confirmed the co-localization of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channels anoctamin 1 (Ano1, also called TMEM16A) and Ano2 (TMEM16B) in microvilli of apically and basally located vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) and their absence in supporting cells of the VNO. Both channels were expressed as functional isoforms capable of giving rise to Ca2+-activated Cl- currents. Although these currents persisted in the VNOs of mice lacking Ano2, they were undetectable in olfactory neuron-specific Ano1 knockout mice irrespective of the presence of Ano2 The loss of Ca2+-activated Cl- currents resulted in diminished spontaneous and drastically reduced pheromone-evoked spiking of VSNs. Although this indicated an important role of anoctamin channels in VNO signal amplification, the lack of this amplification did not alter VNO-dependent male-male territorial aggression in olfactory Ano1/Ano2 double knockout mice. We conclude that Ano1 mediates the bulk of Ca2+-activated Cl- currents in the VNO and that Ano2 plays only a minor role. Furthermore, vomeronasal signal amplification by CaCCs appears to be dispensable for the detection of male-specific pheromones and for near-normal aggressive behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Münch
- From the Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, D-13125 Berlin, Germany.,the Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, D-13125 Berlin, Germany.,the Graduate Program, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn Billig
- From the Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, D-13125 Berlin, Germany.,the Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Trese Leinders-Zufall
- the Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany, and
| | - Frank Zufall
- the Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany, and
| | - Thomas J Jentsch
- From the Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, D-13125 Berlin, Germany, .,the Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, D-13125 Berlin, Germany.,the NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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45
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Sato K, Sorensen PW. The Chemical Sensitivity and Electrical Activity of Individual Olfactory Sensory Neurons to a Range of Sex Pheromones and Food Odors in the Goldfish. Chem Senses 2018; 43:249-260. [PMID: 29514213 PMCID: PMC5913646 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well established that the olfactory epithelium of teleost fish detects at least 6 classes of biologically relevant odorants using 5 types of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), little is understood about the specificity of individual OSNs and thus how they encode identity of natural odors. In this study, we used in vivo extracellular single-unit recording to examine the odor responsiveness and physiological characteristics of 109 individual OSNs in mature male goldfish to a broad range of biological odorants including feeding stimuli (amino acids, polyamines, nucleotides), sex pheromones (sex steroids, prostaglandins [PGs]), and a putative social cue (bile acids). Sixty-one OSNs were chemosensitive, with over half of these (36) responding to amino acids, 7 to polyamines, 7 to nucleotides, 5 to bile acids, 9 to PGs, and 7 to sex steroids. Approximately a quarter of the amino acid-sensitive units also responded to polyamines or nucleotides. Three of 6 amino acid-sensitive units responded to more than 1 amino acid compound, and 5 sex pheromone-sensitive units detected just 1 sex pheromone. While pheromone-sensitive OSNs also responded to the adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, amino acid-sensitive OSNs responded to either forskolin or a phospholipase C activator, imipramine. Most OSNs responded to odorants and activators with excitation. Our results suggest that pheromone information is encoded by OSNs specifically tuned to single sex pheromones and employ adenylyl cyclase, suggestive of a labeled-line organization, while food information is encoded by a combination of OSNs that use both adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C and are often less specifically tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sato
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Biosensing Research, Higashiyama Myodaijicho, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Peter W Sorensen
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
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46
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Reboreda A, Theissen FM, Valero-Aracama MJ, Arboit A, Corbu MA, Yoshida M. Do TRPC channels support working memory? Comparing modulations of TRPC channels and working memory through G-protein coupled receptors and neuromodulators. Behav Brain Res 2018; 354:64-83. [PMID: 29501506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Working memory is a crucial ability we use in daily life. However, the cellular mechanisms supporting working memory still remain largely unclear. A key component of working memory is persistent neural firing which is believed to serve short-term (hundreds of milliseconds up to tens of seconds) maintenance of necessary information. In this review, we will focus on the role of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels as a mechanism underlying persistent firing. Many years of in vitro work have been suggesting a crucial role of TRPC channels in working memory and temporal association tasks. If TRPC channels are indeed a central mechanism for working memory, manipulations which impair or facilitate working memory should have a similar effect on TRPC channel modulation. However, modulations of working memory and TRPC channels were never systematically compared, and it remains unanswered whether TRPC channels indeed contribute to working memory in vivo or not. In this article, we review the effects of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and neuromodulators, including acetylcholine, noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine, on working memory and TRPC channels. Based on comparisons, we argue that GPCR and downstream signaling pathways that activate TRPC, generally support working memory, while those that suppress TRPC channels impair it. However, depending on the channel types, areas, and systems tested, this is not the case in all studies. Further work to clarify involvement of specific TRPC channels in working memory tasks and how they are affected by neuromodulators is still necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Reboreda
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN) Magdeburg, Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44/Haus 64, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Frederik M Theissen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44/Haus 64, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maria J Valero-Aracama
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alberto Arboit
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44/Haus 64, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mihaela A Corbu
- Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Motoharu Yoshida
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN) Magdeburg, Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44/Haus 64, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Leinders-Zufall T, Storch U, Bleymehl K, Mederos Y Schnitzler M, Frank JA, Konrad DB, Trauner D, Gudermann T, Zufall F. PhoDAGs Enable Optical Control of Diacylglycerol-Sensitive Transient Receptor Potential Channels. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 25:215-223.e3. [PMID: 29276045 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels play crucial roles in a wide variety of biological processes and systems, but their activation mechanism is not well understood. We describe an optical toolkit by which activation and deactivation of these ion channels can be controlled with unprecedented speed and precision through light stimuli. We show that the photoswitchable diacylglycerols PhoDAG-1 and PhoDAG-3 enable rapid photoactivation of two DAG-sensitive TRP channels, Trpc2 and TRPC6, upon stimulation with UV-A light, whereas exposure to blue light terminates channel activation. PhoDAG photoconversion can be applied in heterologous expression systems, in native cells, and even in mammalian tissue slices. Combined laser scanning-controlled photoswitching and Ca2+ imaging enables both large-scale mapping of TRP channel-mediated neuronal activation and localized mapping in small cellular compartments. Light-switchable PhoDAGs provide an important advance to explore the pathophysiological relevance of DAG-sensitive TRP channels in the maintenance of body homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trese Leinders-Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Storch
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Katherin Bleymehl
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Mederos Y Schnitzler
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - David B Konrad
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany; Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Frank Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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48
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Götz V, Qiao S, Beck A, Boehm U. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel function in the reproductive axis. Cell Calcium 2017; 67:138-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Type 3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor is dispensable for sensory activation of the mammalian vomeronasal organ. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10260. [PMID: 28860523 PMCID: PMC5579292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction in sensory neurons of the mammalian vomeronasal organ (VNO) involves the opening of the canonical transient receptor potential channel Trpc2, a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that is activated by diacylglycerol and inhibited by Ca2+-calmodulin. There has been a long-standing debate about the extent to which the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) and type 3 InsP3 receptor (InsP3R3) are involved in the opening of Trpc2 channels and in sensory activation of the VNO. To address this question, we investigated VNO function of mice carrying a knockout mutation in the Itpr3 locus causing a loss of InsP3R3. We established a new method to monitor Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum of vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) by employing the GFP-aequorin protein sensor erGAP2. We also performed simultaneous InsP3 photorelease and Ca2+ monitoring experiments, and analysed Ca2+ dynamics, sensory currents, and action potential or field potential responses in InsP3R3-deficient VSNs. Disruption of Itpr3 abolished or minimized the Ca2+ transients evoked by photoactivated InsP3, but there was virtually no effect on sensory activation of VSNs. Therefore, InsP3R3 is dispensable for primary chemoelectrical transduction in mouse VNO. We conclude that InsP3R3 is not required for gating of Trpc2 in VSNs.
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50
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Ciardo MG, Ferrer-Montiel A. Lipids as central modulators of sensory TRP channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1615-1628. [PMID: 28432033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family is involved in a diversity of physiological processes including sensory and homeostatic functions, as well as muscle contraction and vasomotor control. Their dysfunction contributes to the etiology of several diseases, being validated as therapeutic targets. These ion channels may be activated by physical or chemical stimuli and their function is highly influenced by signaling molecules activated by extracellular signals. Notably, as integral membrane proteins, lipid molecules also modulate their membrane location and function either by direct interaction with the channel structure or by modulating the physico-chemical properties of the cellular membrane. This lipid-based modulatory effect is being considered an alternative and promising approach to regulate TRP channel dysfunction in diseases. Here, we review the current progress in this exciting field highlighting a complex channel regulation by a large diversity of lipid molecules and suggesting some diseases that may benefit from a membrane lipid therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Av. De la Universidad s/n, Elche, Spain.
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