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Vorobjeva NV. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: New Aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 75:173-188. [PMID: 33583971 PMCID: PMC7869772 DOI: 10.3103/s0096392520040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the "first line" of defense against pathogens in the locus of inflammation, where they use effector functions such as phagocytosis, degranulation, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In 2004, Artuto Zychlinsky characterized one more neutrophil effector function-the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (or NETs). NETs are a modified chromatin "decorated" by bactericidal proteins of granules, nucleus, and cytoplasm. The release of NETs can be activated by diverse physiological and pharmacological stimuli and depends on ROS, for which NADPH oxidase is the main source. In the process of NET formation, the release of bactericidal components of granules into the cytoplasm, modification of histones leading to chromatin decondensation, destruction of the nuclear envelope and cytoplasmic membrane with the involvement of gasdermin D protein, and, finally, the release of chromatin outside the cell occurs. At the same time, uncontrolled formation of NETs is a provoking factor in the development of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. NETs were found at autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and vasculitis; NETs are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and oncological diseases. In this review, the main ideas about the mechanisms of NET formation, as well as their role in physiological processes and pathogenesis of a number of diseases (including COVID-19), are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Vorobjeva
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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LEUKOCYTE COPING CAPACITY AS A TOOL TO ASSESS CAPTURE- AND HANDLING-INDUCED STRESS IN SCANDINAVIAN BROWN BEARS (URSUS ARCTOS). J Wildl Dis 2016; 52:S40-53. [PMID: 26845299 DOI: 10.7589/52.2s.s40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brown bears (Ursus arctos) are often captured and handled for research and management purposes. Although the techniques used are potentially stressful for the animals and might have detrimental and long-lasting consequences, it is difficult to assess their physiological impact. Here we report the use of the leukocyte coping capacity (LCC) technique to quantify the acute stress of capture and handling in brown bears in Scandinavia. In April and May 2012 and 2013, we collected venous blood samples and recorded a range of physiological variables to evaluate the effects of capture and the added impact of surgical implantation or removal of transmitters and sensors. We studied 24 brown bears, including 19 that had abdominal surgery. We found 1) LCC values following capture were lower in solitary bears than in bears in family groups suggesting capture caused relatively more stress in solitary bears, 2) ability to cope with handling stress was better (greater LCC values) in bears with good body condition, and 3) LCC values did not appear to be influenced by surgery. Although further evaluation of this technique is required, our preliminary results support the use of the LCC technique as a quantitative measure of stress.
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LEUKOCYTE COPING CAPACITY AS A TOOL TO ASSESS CAPTURE- AND HANDLING-INDUCED STRESS IN SCANDINAVIAN BROWN BEARS (URSUS ARCTOS). J Wildl Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.7589/jwdi-52-01s1-04.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kappala SS, Espino J, Pariente JA, Rodriguez AB, Rajbhandari S, Iyengar A, Bidasee KR, Singh J. FMLP-, thapsigargin-, and H2O2-evoked changes in intracellular free calcium concentration in lymphocytes and neutrophils of type 2 diabetic patients. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 387:251-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hu T, Liu Z, Shen X. Roles of phospholipase D in phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated neutrophil respiratory burst. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:647-53. [PMID: 20158570 PMCID: PMC3922386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated nutrophil respiratory burst has been considered to simply involve the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). However, the PLD activity was also increased by 10-fold in human neutrophils stimulated with 100 nM PMA. Unexpectedly, U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C, was found to significantly inhibit PMA-stimulated respiratory burst in human neutrophils. U73122 at the concentrations, which were sufficient to inhibit the respiratory burst completely, caused partial inhibition of the PLD activity but no inhibition on PKC translocation and activation, suggesting that PLD activity is also required in PMA-stimulated respiratory burst. Using 1-butanol, a PLD substrate, to block phosphatidic acid (PA) generation, the PMA-stimulated neutrophil respiratory burst was also partially inhibited, further indicating that PLD activation, possibly its hydrolytic product PA and diacylglycerol (DAG), is involved in PMA-stimulated respiratory burst. Since GF109203X, an inhibitor of PKC that could completely inhibit the respiratory burst in PMA-stimulated neutrophils, also caused certain suppression of PLD activation, it may suggest that PLD activation in PMA-stimulated neutrophils might be, to some extent, PKC dependent. To further study whether PLD contributes to the PMA stimulated respiratory burst through itself or its hydrolytic product, 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, an analogue of DAG , was used to prime cells at low concentration, and it reversed the inhibition of PMA-stimulated respiratory burst by U73122. The results indicate that U73122 may act as an inhibitor of PLD, and PLD activation is required in PMA-stimulated respiratory burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Hu
- Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, China.
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Gelling M, Montes I, Moorhouse TP, Macdonald DW. Captive housing during water vole (Arvicola terrestris) reintroduction: does short-term social stress impact on animal welfare? PLoS One 2010; 5:e9791. [PMID: 20352093 PMCID: PMC2844416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animals captive bred for reintroduction are often housed under conditions which are not representative of their preferred social structure for at least part of the reintroduction process. Specifically, this is most likely to occur during the final stages of the release programme, whilst being housed during transportation to the release site. The degree of social stress experienced by individuals during this time may negatively impact upon their immunocompetence. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We examined two measure of stress--body weight and Leukocyte Coping Capacity (LCC)--to investigate the effects of group size upon captive-bred water voles destined for release within a reintroduction program. Water voles were housed in laboratory cages containing between one and eight individuals. LCC scores were negatively correlated with group size, suggesting that individuals in larger groups experienced a larger degree of immuno-suppression than did individuals housed in smaller groups or individually. During the course of the study mean body weights increased, in contrast to expectations from a previous study. This was attributed to the individuals sampled being sub-adults and thus growing in length and weight during the course of the investigation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The reintroduction process will inevitably cause some stress to the release cohort. However, for water voles we conclude that the stress experienced may be reduced by decreasing group size within captive colony and/or transportation housing practises. These findings are of significance to other species' reintroductions, in highlighting the need to consider life-history strategies when choosing housing systems for animals being maintained in captivity prior to release to the wild. A reduction in stress experienced at the pre-release stage may improve immunocompetence and thus animal welfare and initial survival post-release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryl Gelling
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Chiang C, Chang C, Peh H, Chen S, Yu B, Chen M, Nagahata H. Calcium homeostasis and its relationship to superoxide production in blood and milk neutrophils of lactating goats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 133:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Impact of trapping and handling on Leukocyte Coping Capacity in bank voles ( Clethrionomys glareolus) and wood mice ( Apodemus sylvaticus). Anim Welf 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0962728600000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSmall mammals are routinely live-trapped and subsequently handled for a range of ecological and behavioural studies. Despite the techniques commonly employed being potentially stressful for the individual animals involved, it has hitherto been difficult to quantify the physiological impact. Here, we report on the first instance of using the Leukocyte Coping Capacity technique (LCC) in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) to investigate the physiological impact of routine trapping and handling techniques. Twenty microlitres of blood were obtained from 40 animals, of which 25 were handled following standard protocols and 15 were not. We found that even a short period of acute stress is sufficient to trigger an immune response which was measurable using the LCC technique. These results further validate the use of the LCC technique for measuring the physiological impact of standard trapping and handling treatments on wild mammals.
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Bréchard S, Tschirhart EJ. Regulation of superoxide production in neutrophils: role of calcium influx. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:1223-37. [PMID: 18519744 PMCID: PMC2567897 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0807553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon stimulation, activation of NADPH oxidase complexes in neutrophils produces a burst of superoxide anions contributing to oxidative stress and the development of inflammatory process. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), whereby the depletion of intracellular stores induces extracellular calcium influx, is known to be a crucial element of NADPH oxidase regulation. However, the mechanistic basis mediating SOCE is still only partially understood, as is the signal-coupling pathway leading to modulation of store-operated channels. This review emphasizes the role of calcium influx in the control of the NADPH oxidase and summarizes the current knowledge of pathways mediating this extracellular calcium entry in neutrophils. Such investigations into the cross-talk between NADPH oxidase and calcium might allow the identification of novel pharmacological targets with clinical use, particularly in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bréchard
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Chuang IC, Liu DD, Kao SJ, Chen HI. N-acetylcysteine attenuates the acute lung injury caused by phorbol myristate acetate in isolated rat lungs. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2006; 20:726-33. [PMID: 17071120 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2006.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is characterized by pulmonary edema and inflammatory cells infiltration. PMA-activated neutrophils in vivo and in vitro to release free radicals, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) and other mediators. These mediators may be the causes of pulmonary hypertension and increased microvascular permeability. In the present study, we used isolated perfused rat lungs from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The purpose was to evaluate the effects of pretreatment of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the PMA-induced ALI and associated changes. PMA (2 microg kg(-1)) was introduced into the lung perfusate. NAC (150 mg kg(-1)) was administered 10 min before PMA. Thirty isolated lungs were randomly assigned to receive vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO, the solvent for PMA, 100 microg g(-1)), PMA alone and PMA with NAC pretreatment. There were 10 lungs in each group. We measured the lung weight (LW) to body weight (BW) ratio (LW/BW), LW gain (LWG), exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage (PCBAL). The pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and microvascular permeability (K(fc)) were assessed. The concentration of nitrate/nitrite, methyl guanidine (MG), tumor necrosis factor(alpha) (TNF(alpha)) and interleukin-1(beta) (IL-1(beta)) in lung perfusate were determined. In addition, we also evaluate the lung injury by histopathological examination and by grading system for the lung injury score (LIS). PMA caused severe ALI as evidenced by the marked increases in LW changes, exhaled NO, PCBAL, histopathological changes, and LIS. It also increased the nitrate/nitrite, MG, TNF(alpha), and IL-1(beta) in lung perfusate. Pretreatment with NAC significantly attenuated these changes and abrogated the extent of ALI. Our results suggest that NAC exerts strong protective effects on the PMA-induced ALI and associated alterations. The mechanisms are possibly attributable to its antioxidant actions, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restoration of glutathione enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chun Chuang
- School of Respiratory Care, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, DiLudovico F, Viti B, Angeleri VA, Danni M, Provinciali L. Intracellular oxidative activity and respiratory burst of leukocytes isolated from multiple sclerosis patients. Neurochem Int 2005; 48:87-92. [PMID: 16263194 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage induced by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) disease and it has been hypothesised that oxidative injury could mediate demyelination and axonal injury in MS subjects. In our study, we compared intracellular oxidative activity and the respiratory burst activity in MS patients (n=20) and healthy controls (n=15) using leukocytes as cellular model. At this purpose, intracellular ROS levels were evaluated by fluorometric assay using the 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate probe (H(2)DCFDA) in untreated or in leukocytes stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Our results demonstrate that the intracellular spontaneous ROS production in leukocytes from MS patients was higher with respect to cells from control subjects (p<0.001). PMA addition induced a higher formation of ROS both in leukocytes from MS patients and controls (p<0.001). The PMA-induced production of ROS was significantly higher in leukocytes from MS with respect to controls (p<0.001). Significant positive correlations were established between intracellular spontaneous or PMA-induced production of ROS in leukocytes isolated from MS patients and the clinical parameters used to evaluate disease disability such as expanded disability status scale (EDSS), brain lesions evaluated by MRI and visual evoked potential (VEP) (p<0.001). In conclusion, our results demonstrate higher levels of intracellular ROS in untreated or in PMA-treated leukocytes isolated from MS patients with respect to healthy subjects confirming the role of oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferretti
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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Assessment of stress in non-human primates: application of the neutrophil activation test. Anim Welf 2005. [DOI: 10.1017/s0962728600029614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA technique measuring leukocyte (neutrophil) activity was used to examine differences between stress levels in a breeding colony of rhesus macaques housed in either a traditional caging system or open-rooms. The leukocyte activation test measured the degree to which blood from the two treatment groups could launch a further neutrophil response (superoxide production) to an in vitro challenge. Animals housed in a traditional caging system produced a significantly lower leukocyte response than animals housed in open-rooms, indicating that there was a higher level of stress associated with caged housing than open-room housing. This was not influenced by whether animals were physically restrained or trained to stand for a sedating injection. No differences were found between treatment groups in leukocyte numbers or composition. This study validates the use of the leukocyte activation test to assess physiological stress levels in non-human primates and demonstrates the animal welfare benefits of open-room housing over traditional laboratory caging systems.
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Sanidas D, Garnham A, Mian R. Hypoxia-induced chemiluminescence in human leukocytes: the role of Ca2+. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 453:183-7. [PMID: 12398902 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence suggests that in vivo hypoxia can activate human leukocytes to release a host of mediators including oxygen free radicals. Endothelial cells have always been presumed to play an important role in hypoxia-induced leukocyte activation. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether acute exposure of whole blood to a hypoxic mixture could stimulate the production of oxygen free radicals in the absence of endothelial cells, and to determine the role of Ca2+ in this process. Freshly drawn whole blood was obtained by venepuncture from 30 healthy volunteers. Exposure of blood to 6% O2 in a purpose built environmental chamber for periods of 8, 10, 15, 30, and 45 min resulted in a significant increase in the production of oxygen free radicals. This response was significantly increased after a 10-min incubation with the Ca2+ ionophore (A23187), supporting the idea that the influx of extracellular Ca2+ is an important step in the process. Incubation of human leukocytes with verapamil (10 min) and subsequent exposure to hypoxia resulted in the significantly reduction in hypoxia-induced production of oxygen free radicals at 15 min and a paradoxical increase at 30- and 45-min exposures. The significance of the results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Sanidas
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Science and Environment Cox St., Coventry University, Cox St., CV1 5FB., Coventry, UK
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Lange K. Role of microvillar cell surfaces in the regulation of glucose uptake and organization of energy metabolism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2002; 282:C1-26. [PMID: 11742794 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.2002.282.1.c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggesting a type of glucose uptake regulation prevailing in resting and differentiated cells was surveyed. This type of regulation is characterized by transport-limited glucose metabolism and depends on segregation of glucose transporters on microvilli of differentiated or resting cells. Earlier studies on glucose transport regulation and a recently presented general concept of influx regulation for ions and metabolic substrates via microvillar structures provide the basic framework for this theory. According to this concept, glucose uptake via transporters on microvilli is regulated by changes in the structural organization of the microfilament bundle, which is acting as a diffusion barrier between the microvillar tip compartment and the cytoplasm. Both microvilli formation and the switch of glucose metabolism from "metabolic regulation" to "transport limitation" occur during differentiation. The formation of microvillar cell surfaces creates the essential preconditions to establish the characteristic functions of specialized tissue cells including the coordination between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, regulation of cellular functions by external signals, and Ca(2+) signaling. The proposed concept integrates various aspects of glucose uptake regulation into a ubiquitous cellular mechanism involved in regulation of transmembrane ion and substrate fluxes.
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Mahomed AG, Anderson R. Activation of human neutrophils with chemotactic peptide, opsonized zymosan and the calcium ionophore A23187, but not with a phorbol ester, is accompanied by efflux and store-operated influx of calcium. Inflammation 2000; 24:559-69. [PMID: 11128053 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007029524141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to monitor alterations in cellular Ca2+ metabolism following activation of neutrophils with receptor- (chemotactic peptide, FMLP, 1 microM; opsonized zymosan, OZ, 0.5 mg/ml) and non-receptor (calcium ionophore, A23187, 1 microM; phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA, 25 ng/ml)-mediated stimuli of the pro-inflammatory functions of these cells. Ca2+ fluxes in activated neutrophils were measured using a fura-2-based spectrofluorimetric method in combination with radiometric (45Ca) procedures which facilitate distinction between net efflux and net influx of the cation. Exposure of neutrophils to receptor-mediated stimuli and to A23187 was associated with an abrupt increase in cytosolic Ca2+ coincident with a rapid efflux of the cation which terminated at around 30 s. In the case of FMLP and OZ, this was followed by a delayed (30-60 s), store-operated influx of Ca2+, which was complete at around 5 min after addition of the stimulus. With A23187, however, influx of Ca2+ occurred immediately following activation of the cells. There were no detectable alterations in cytosolic Ca2+ or measurable net efflux or influx of the cation above control levels in PMA-activated neutrophils. These data demonstrate that FMLP, OZ- and A23187-mediated alterations in neutrophil cytosolic Ca2+ are due to mobilization of both intracellular and extracellular cation, while activation of neutrophils by PMA is independent of alterations in cytosolic Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Mahomed
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Kawaguchi A, Ohmori M, Harada K, Tsuruoka S, Sugimoto K, Fujimura A. The effect of a Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on superoxide production, aggregation and adhesion in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 403:203-8. [PMID: 10973620 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the involvement of p160ROCK (a Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase), one of Rho kinases on superoxide anion production (O(2)(-) production), aggregation and adhesion of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes under physiological condition, using a selective p160ROCK inhibitor, (+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (Y-27632). Y-27632 inhibited the O(2)(-) production stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) in a dose-dependent manner. Stauroprorine blocked the PMA-induced O(2)(-) production while wortmannin did not. Y-27632 also inhibited the O(2)(-) production by guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP(gamma)S) 100 microM. N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced O(2)(-) production was not influenced by Y-27632, but was inhibited by wortmannin. The enhanced O(2)(-) production by Ca-ionophore A23817 and thapsigargin was not inhibited by Y-27632. Y-27632 did not change the basal intracellular Ca(2+) concentration nor its elevation stimulated by fMLP. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes aggregation induced by PMA was dose-dependently decreased by Y-27632 while their aggregation stimulated by fMLP was enhanced by the agent. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes adhesion induced by PMA or fMLP was not influenced by Y-27632.These results suggest that p160ROCK is involved in the PMA-induced O(2)(-) production and aggregation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This kinase might locate in downstream of protein kinase C in polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kawaguchi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1 Minamikawachi-machi, Kawachi-gun, 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
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Fawzi A, Robinet A, Monboisse JC, Ziaie Z, Kefalides NA, Bellon G. A peptide of the alpha 3(IV) chain of type IV collagen modulates stimulated neutrophil function via activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and Ser/Thr protein phosphatase. Cell Signal 2000; 12:327-35. [PMID: 10822174 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(00)00074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports from our laboratories showed that type IV collagen from anterior lens capsule (ALC) inhibited stimulated neutrophil function. This property was shown to reside in the region comprising residues 185-203 of the non-collagenous domain (NC1) of the alpha 3(IV) chain. We also reported that ALC-type IV collagen or the synthetic alpha 3(IV) 185-203 peptide, induced a rise in intracellular cAMP which persisted for up to 60 minutes. In the present work we extend our previous studies on signal transduction by alpha 3(IV) 185-203 and we provide new data showing the involvement of cAMP-dependent PKA and protein phosphatases. The data also show that the alpha 3(IV) peptide triggered a rise in intracellular calcium that was dependent on phospholipase C activation. Inhibitors of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin system suppressed both the alpha 3(IV) 185-203 peptide-induced cAMP increase and the inhibitory activity of the peptide on f-Met-Leu-Phe triggered O(2)(-) generation. When alpha 3(IV) 185-203 peptide-induced calcium mobilization was blocked by U-73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C activation, or by BAPTA/AM, a chelator of intracellular calcium, the inhibitory effect of the peptide on PMA-triggered O(2)(-) production was also abolished. These findings provide evidence that signal transduction by the alpha 3(IV) peptide occurs via pathways which involve calcium. Indeed, the cAMP increase was shown to be mediated by adenosine and adenosine A2 receptors and required calcium elevation, since adenosine deaminase, theophilline, dimethylpropargylxanthine, trifluoperazine or autocamtide-2 related inhibitory peptide, suppressed the activity of the alpha 3(IV) peptide. The inhibitory effect of the peptide on f-Met-Leu-Phe-induced O(2)(-) generation was slightly affected by 1 microM KT5720 or H89, two inhibitors of cAMP-dependent PKA, but was completely suppressed by 10 nM calyculin A or 10 microM okadaic acid, two inhibitors of ser/thr phosphatases. These results suggest that Ser/Thr protein phosphatases and/or cAMP-dependent PKA are involved in signal transduction by the alpha 3(IV) 185-203 peptide and is consistent with the concept that adenosine receptor occupancy modulates neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fawzi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine, UPRESA CNRS 6021, IFR 53 Biomolécules, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 cedex, Reims, France
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Hu TH, Bei L, Qian ZM, Shen X. W-7 primes or inhibits the fMLP-stimulated respiratory burst in human neutrophil by concentration-dependent dual expression of the formyl peptide receptors on cell surface. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1496:243-51. [PMID: 10771092 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(00)00017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
It was investigated why the fMLP-stimulated respiratory burst in human neutrophils was enhanced by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a considered calmodulin antagonist, at lower concentration but inhibited at higher concentration. Flow cytometric analysis on binding of the receptor to the fluorescence-labeled formyl peptide and the polymerization of actin in cells showed that the drug inhibited actin polymerization and promoted expression of the fMLP receptors on cell membrane at lower concentration, while promoted the actin polymerization and depressed the receptor expression at higher concentration. As intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) is elevated, polymerization of actin decreases and the receptor expression increases. At normal physiological and two moderately high intracellular calcium levels, the dual effect of W-7 became less significant as [Ca(2+)](i) was elevated indicating that the dual effect is calcium-dependent. Under two extreme conditions that the intracellular calcium was either depleted or highly elevated, the dual effect disappeared but only an inhibitory effect on actin polymerization was observed. Colchicine and taxol study showed that disruption or stabilization of microtubules had no effect on formyl peptide receptor expression. The results suggest that W-7 primes the fMLP stimulation by direct action on actin leading to breakdown of microfilaments and more expression of formyl peptide receptors, and inhibits the stimulation by indirect action on actin through inactivation of some Ca(2+)-dependent proteins resulting in assembly of actin into microfilaments. Which action is favorable depends on the drug concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Hu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, PR China
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