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Migliorini A, Nostro MC. Vascular and immune interactions in islets transplantation and 3D islet models. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 88:102237. [PMID: 39111229 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The aim of regenerative medicine is to restore specific functions to damaged cells or tissues. A crucial aspect of success lies in effectively reintegrating these cells or tissues within the recipient organism. This is particularly pertinent for diabetes, where islet function relies on the close connection of beta cells to the bloodstream for glucose sensing and insulin release. Central to this approach is the need to establish a fast connection with the host's vascular system. In this review, we explore the intricate relationships between endocrine, vascular, and immune cell interactions in transplantation outcomes. We also delve into recent strategies aimed at enhancing engraftment, along with the utilization of in vitro platforms to model cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Migliorini
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto M5G 1L7, Ontario, Canada. https://twitter.com/@AdrianaMiglior1
| | - M Cristina Nostro
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto M5G 1L7, Ontario, Canada; Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Yang L, Han Y, Zhang T, Dong X, Ge J, Roy A, Zhu J, Lu T, Jeya Vandana J, de Silva N, Robertson CC, Xiang JZ, Pan C, Sun Y, Que J, Evans T, Liu C, Wang W, Naji A, Parker SCJ, Schwartz RE, Chen S. Human vascularized macrophage-islet organoids to model immune-mediated pancreatic β cell pyroptosis upon viral infection. Cell Stem Cell 2024:S1934-5909(24)00293-5. [PMID: 39232561 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
There is a paucity of human models to study immune-mediated host damage. Here, we utilized the GeoMx spatial multi-omics platform to analyze immune cell changes in COVID-19 pancreatic autopsy samples, revealing an accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of human islets exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) viruses identified activation of proinflammatory macrophages and β cell pyroptosis. To distinguish viral versus proinflammatory-macrophage-mediated β cell pyroptosis, we developed human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived vascularized macrophage-islet (VMI) organoids. VMI organoids exhibited enhanced marker expression and function in both β cells and endothelial cells compared with separately cultured cells. Notably, proinflammatory macrophages within VMI organoids induced β cell pyroptosis. Mechanistic investigations highlighted TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A involvement in proinflammatory-macrophage-mediated β cell pyroptosis. This study established hPSC-derived VMI organoids as a valuable tool for studying immune-cell-mediated host damage and uncovered the mechanism of β cell damage during viral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Yang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Institute of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China.
| | - Yuling Han
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jian Ge
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aadita Roy
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tiankun Lu
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Jeya Vandana
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Neranjan de Silva
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Catherine C Robertson
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jenny Z Xiang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chendong Pan
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanjie Sun
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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3
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Yang L, Han Y, Zhang T, Dong X, Ge J, Roy A, Zhu J, Lu T, Vandana JJ, de Silva N, Robertson CC, Xiang JZ, Pan C, Sun Y, Que J, Evans T, Liu C, Wang W, Naji A, Parker SC, Schwartz RE, Chen S. Human Vascularized Macrophage-Islet Organoids to Model Immune-Mediated Pancreatic β cell Pyroptosis upon Viral Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.05.606734. [PMID: 39149298 PMCID: PMC11326194 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.05.606734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a paucity of human models to study immune-mediated host damage. Here, we utilized the GeoMx spatial multi-omics platform to analyze immune cell changes in COVID-19 pancreatic autopsy samples, revealing an accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages. Single cell RNA-seq analysis of human islets exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) viruses identified activation of proinflammatory macrophages and β cell pyroptosis. To distinguish viral versus proinflammatory macrophage-mediated β cell pyroptosis, we developed human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived vascularized macrophage-islet (VMI) organoids. VMI organoids exhibited enhanced marker expression and function in both β cells and endothelial cells compared to separately cultured cells. Notably, proinflammatory macrophages within VMI organoids induced β cell pyroptosis. Mechanistic investigations highlighted TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A involvement in proinflammatory macrophage-mediated β cell pyroptosis. This study established hPSC-derived VMI organoids as a valuable tool for studying immune cell-mediated host damage and uncovered mechanism of β cell damage during viral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Yang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institute of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yuling Han
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jian Ge
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aadita Roy
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tiankun Lu
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - J. Jeya Vandana
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Neranjan de Silva
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Catherine C. Robertson
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jenny Z Xiang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chendong Pan
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanjie Sun
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Stephen C.J. Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert E. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA. New York 10021, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Kowalska M, Kaczmarek P, Rupik W. Does the pancreas of gekkotans differentiate similarly? Developmental structural and 3D studies of the mourning gecko (Lepidodactylus lugubris) and the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius). J Anat 2024; 245:303-323. [PMID: 38581181 PMCID: PMC11259754 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the pancreas differentiation of two species of gekkotan families-the mourning gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Gekkonidae) and the leopard gecko Eublepharis macularius (Eublepharidae)-based on two-dimensional (2D) histological samples and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the position of the pancreatic buds and the surrounding organs. The results showed that at the moment of egg laying, the pancreas of L. lugubris is composed of three distinct primordia: one dorsal and two ventral. The dorsal primordium differentiates earlier than either ventral primordium. The right ventral primordium is more prominent and distinctive, starting to form earlier than the left one. Moreover, at this time, the pancreas of the leopard gecko is composed of the dorsal and right ventral primordium and the duct of the left ventral primordium. It means that the leopard gecko's left primordium is a transitional structure. These results indicate that the early development of the gekkotan pancreas is species specific. The pancreatic buds of the leopard and mourning gecko initially enter the duodenum by separate outlets, similar to the pancreas of other vertebrates. The pancreatic buds (3 of the mourning gecko and 2 of the leopard gecko) fuse quickly and form an embryonic pancreas. After that, the structure of this organ changes. After fusion, the pancreas of both gekkotans comprises four parts: the head of the pancreas (central region) and three lobes: upper, splenic, and lower. This organ develops gradually and is very well distinguished at hatching time. In both gekkotan species, cystic, hepatic, and pancreatic ducts enter the duodenum within the papilla. During gekkotan pancreas differentiation, the connection between the common bile duct and the dorsal pancreatic duct is associated with intestinal rotation, similar to other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Kaczmarek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Weronika Rupik
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Edri S, Rosenthal V, Ginsburg O, Newman Frisch A, Pierreux CE, Sharon N, Levenberg S. 3D model of mouse embryonic pancreas and endocrine compartment using stem cell-derived mesoderm and pancreatic progenitors. iScience 2024; 27:109959. [PMID: 38832019 PMCID: PMC11144751 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The developing mouse pancreas is surrounded by mesoderm compartments providing signals that induce pancreas formation. Most pancreatic organoid protocols lack this mesoderm niche and only partially capture the pancreatic cell repertoire. This work aims to generate pancreatic aggregates by differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) into mesoderm progenitors (MPs) and pancreas progenitors (PPs), without using Matrigel. First, mESCs were differentiated into epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) to enhance the PP differentiation rate. Next, PPs and MPs aggregated together giving rise to various pancreatic cell types, including endocrine, acinar, and ductal cells, and to endothelial cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed a larger endocrine population within the PP + MP aggregates, as compared to PPs alone or PPs in Matrigel aggregates. The PP + MP aggregate gene expression signatures and its endocrine population percentage closely resembled those of the endocrine population found in the mouse embryonic pancreas, which holds promise for studying pancreas development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Edri
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Vardit Rosenthal
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Or Ginsburg
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Abigail Newman Frisch
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | | | - Nadav Sharon
- Faculty of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Kulikauskas MR, Oatley M, Yu T, Liu Z, Matsumura L, Kidder E, Ruter D, Bautch VL. Endothelial cell SMAD6 balances Alk1 function to regulate adherens junctions and hepatic vascular development. Development 2023; 150:dev201811. [PMID: 37787089 PMCID: PMC10629679 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BMP signaling is crucial to blood vessel formation and function, but how pathway components regulate vascular development is not well-understood. Here, we find that inhibitory SMAD6 functions in endothelial cells to negatively regulate ALK1-mediated responses, and it is required to prevent vessel dysmorphogenesis and hemorrhage in the embryonic liver vasculature. Reduced Alk1 gene dosage rescued embryonic hepatic hemorrhage and microvascular capillarization induced by Smad6 deletion in endothelial cells in vivo. At the cellular level, co-depletion of Smad6 and Alk1 rescued the destabilized junctions and impaired barrier function of endothelial cells depleted for SMAD6 alone. Mechanistically, blockade of actomyosin contractility or increased PI3K signaling rescued endothelial junction defects induced by SMAD6 loss. Thus, SMAD6 normally modulates ALK1 function in endothelial cells to regulate PI3K signaling and contractility, and SMAD6 loss increases signaling through ALK1 that disrupts endothelial cell junctions. ALK1 loss-of-function also disrupts vascular development and function, indicating that balanced ALK1 signaling is crucial for proper vascular development and identifying ALK1 as a 'Goldilocks' pathway in vascular biology that requires a certain signaling amplitude, regulated by SMAD6, to function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R. Kulikauskas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lauren Matsumura
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elise Kidder
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dana Ruter
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victoria L. Bautch
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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7
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Ren JS, Bai W, Ding JJ, Ge HM, Wang SY, Chen X, Jiang Q. Hypoxia-induced AFAP1L1 regulates pathological neovascularization via the YAP-DLL4-NOTCH axis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:651. [PMID: 37737201 PMCID: PMC10515434 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological neovascularization plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of tumors and neovascular eye diseases. Despite notable advancements in the development of anti-angiogenic medications that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFRs), the occurrence of adverse reactions and drug resistance has somewhat impeded the widespread application of these drugs. Therefore, additional investigations are warranted to explore alternative therapeutic targets. In recent years, owing to the swift advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, pan-cancer analysis and single-cell sequencing analysis have emerged as pivotal methodologies and focal areas within the domain of omics research, which is of great significance for us to find potential targets related to the regulation of pathological neovascularization. METHODS Pan-cancer analysis and scRNA-seq data analysis were employed to forecast the association between Actin filament-associated protein 1 like 1 (AFAP1L1) and the development of tumors and endothelial cells. Tumor xenograft model and ocular pathological neovascularization model were constructed as well as Isolectin B4 (IsoB4) staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess the effects of AFAP1L1 on the progression of neoplasms and neovascular eye diseases in vivo. Transwell assay, wound scratch assay, tube forming assay, three-dimensional germination assay, and rhodamine-phalloidin staining were used to evaluate the impact of AFAP1L1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) function in vitro; Dual luciferase reporting, qRT-PCR and western blot were used to investigate the upstream and downstream mechanisms of pathological neovascularization mediated by AFAP1L1. RESULTS Our investigation revealed that AFAP1L1 plays a crucial role in promoting the development of various tumors and demonstrates a strong correlation with endothelial cells. Targeted suppression of AFAP1L1 specifically in endothelial cells in vivo proves effective in inhibiting tumor formation and ocular pathological neovascularization. Mechanistically, AFAP1L1 functions as a hypoxia-related regulatory protein that can be activated by HIF-1α. In vitro experiments demonstrated that reducing AFAP1L1 levels can reverse hypoxia-induced excessive angiogenic capacity in HUVECs. The principal mechanism of angiogenesis inhibition entails the regulation of tip cell behavior through the YAP-DLL4-NOTCH axis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, AFAP1L1, a newly identified hypoxia-related regulatory protein, can be activated by HIF-1α. Inhibiting AFAP1L1 results in the inhibition of angiogenesis by suppressing the germination of endothelial tip cells through the YAP-DLL4-NOTCH axis. This presents a promising therapeutic target to halt the progression of tumors and neovascular eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Song Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, #138 Han-ZhongRoad, Nanjing, 210000, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Wen Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, #138 Han-ZhongRoad, Nanjing, 210000, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jing-Juan Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Hui-Min Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, #138 Han-ZhongRoad, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Su-Yu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, #138 Han-ZhongRoad, Nanjing, 210000, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, #138 Han-ZhongRoad, Nanjing, 210000, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, #138 Han-ZhongRoad, Nanjing, 210000, China.
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
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8
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Bishop D, Schwarz Q, Wiszniak S. Endothelial-derived angiocrine factors as instructors of embryonic development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1172114. [PMID: 37457293 PMCID: PMC10339107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1172114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are well-known to play roles in organ development and repair, primarily owing to their fundamental function in delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues to promote their growth and homeostasis. Endothelial cells however are not merely passive conduits for carrying blood. There is now evidence that endothelial cells of the vasculature actively regulate tissue-specific development, morphogenesis and organ function, as well as playing roles in disease and cancer. Angiocrine factors are growth factors, cytokines, signaling molecules or other regulators produced directly from endothelial cells to instruct a diverse range of signaling outcomes in the cellular microenvironment, and are critical mediators of the vascular control of organ function. The roles of angiocrine signaling are only beginning to be uncovered in diverse fields such as homeostasis, regeneration, organogenesis, stem-cell maintenance, cell differentiation and tumour growth. While in some cases the specific angiocrine factor involved in these processes has been identified, in many cases the molecular identity of the angiocrine factor(s) remain to be discovered, even though the importance of angiocrine signaling has been implicated. In this review, we will specifically focus on roles for endothelial-derived angiocrine signaling in instructing tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis during embryonic and perinatal development.
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Kulikauskas MR, Oatley M, Yu T, Liu Z, Matsumura L, Kidder E, Ruter D, Bautch VL. Endothelial Cell SMAD6 Balances ACVRL1/Alk1 Function to Regulate Adherens Junctions and Hepatic Vascular Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.23.534007. [PMID: 36993438 PMCID: PMC10055411 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.534007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BMP signaling is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how pathway components regulate vascular development is not well-understood. Here we find that inhibitory SMAD6 functions in endothelial cells to negatively regulate ALK1/ACVRL1-mediated responses, and it is required to prevent vessel dysmorphogenesis and hemorrhage in the embryonic liver vasculature. Reduced Alk1 gene dosage rescued embryonic hepatic hemorrhage and microvascular capillarization induced by Smad6 deletion in endothelial cells in vivo . At the cellular level, co-depletion of Smad6 and Alk1 rescued the destabilized junctions and impaired barrier function of endothelial cells depleted for SMAD6 alone. At the mechanistic level, blockade of actomyosin contractility or increased PI3K signaling rescued endothelial junction defects induced by SMAD6 loss. Thus, SMAD6 normally modulates ALK1 function in endothelial cells to regulate PI3K signaling and contractility, and SMAD6 loss increases signaling through ALK1 that disrupts endothelial junctions. ALK1 loss-of-function also disrupts vascular development and function, indicating that balanced ALK1 signaling is crucial for proper vascular development and identifying ALK1 as a "Goldilocks" pathway in vascular biology regulated by SMAD6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Kulikauskas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Lauren Matsumura
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Elise Kidder
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Dana Ruter
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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10
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Fatty Pancreas-Centered Metabolic Basis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: From Obesity, Diabetes and Pancreatitis to Oncogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030692. [PMID: 35327494 PMCID: PMC8945032 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer, and it is currently the third most common cause of cancer death in the U.S.A. Progress in the fight against PDAC has been hampered by an inability to detect it early in the overwhelming majority of patients, and also by the reduced oxygen levels and nutrient perfusion caused by new matrix formation through the activation of stromal cells in the context of desmoplasia. One harbinger of PDAC is excess intrapancreatic fat deposition, namely, fatty pancreas, which specifically affects the tumor macro- and microenvironment in the organ. Over half of PDAC patients have diabetes mellitus (DM) at the time of diagnosis, and fatty pancreas is associated with subsequent DM development. Moreover, there is a strong association between fatty pancreas and fatty liver through obesity, and a higher intrapancreatic fat percentage has been noted in acute pancreatitis patients with DM than in those without DM. All these findings suggest that the link between fatty pancreas and PDAC might occur through metabolic alterations, either DM-related or non-DM-related. Based on clinical, in vivo and in vitro evidence, the current review highlights the etiologies of fatty pancreas (including fatty infiltration and replacement) and the fatty pancreas-associated metabolic alterations involved in oncogenesis to provide crucial targets to prevent, detect, and/or effectively treat PDAC.
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11
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Ghezelayagh Z, Zabihi M, Kazemi Ashtiani M, Ghezelayagh Z, Lynn FC, Tahamtani Y. Recapitulating pancreatic cell-cell interactions through bioengineering approaches: the momentous role of non-epithelial cells for diabetes cell therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7107-7132. [PMID: 34613423 PMCID: PMC11072828 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, extensive efforts have been made to generate in-vitro pancreatic micro-tissue, for disease modeling or cell replacement approaches in pancreatic related diseases such as diabetes mellitus. To obtain these goals, a closer look at the diverse cells participating in pancreatic development is necessary. Five major non-epithelial pancreatic (pN-Epi) cell populations namely, pancreatic endothelium, mesothelium, neural crests, pericytes, and stellate cells exist in pancreas throughout its development, and they are hypothesized to be endogenous inducers of the development. In this review, we discuss different pN-Epi cells migrating to and existing within the pancreas and their diverse effects on pancreatic epithelium during organ development mediated via associated signaling pathways, soluble factors or mechanical cell-cell interactions. In-vivo and in-vitro experiments, with a focus on N-Epi cells' impact on pancreas endocrine development, have also been considered. Pluripotent stem cell technology and multicellular three-dimensional organoids as new approaches to generate pancreatic micro-tissues have also been discussed. Main challenges for reaching a detailed understanding of the role of pN-Epi cells in pancreas development in utilizing for in-vitro recapitulation have been summarized. Finally, various novel and innovative large-scale bioengineering approaches which may help to recapitulate cell-cell interactions and are crucial for generation of large-scale in-vitro multicellular pancreatic micro-tissues, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghezelayagh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zabihi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Ashtiani
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghezelayagh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery and School of Biomedical Engineering , University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yaser Tahamtani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Sahin S, Karadeniz A. Pancretic Fat Accummulation is Associated with Subclinical Atherosclerosis. Angiology 2021; 73:508-513. [PMID: 34607492 DOI: 10.1177/00033197211038334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between pancreatic fat accumulation and markers of atherosclerosis among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patients with NAFLD have been reported to be at an increased risk of vascular events. We grouped 183 patients in whom we detected and graded hepatosteatosis (HS) on transabdominal ultrasonography into 2 groups based on the presence/absence of pancreatic fat. There were 85 participants (50 female; mean age: 53.6 ± 9.7 years) who were nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) positive and 98 participants (56 female; mean age: 51.4 ± 9.3 years) who were NAFPD negative. Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) was significantly greater in the group where HS was accompanied by NAFPD (0.51 [0.40-0.62] vs 0.45 [0.35-0.55] mm; P < .001). Multivariable analyses showed that the independent predictors of increased cIMT were age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.108; 95% CI: 1.059-1.158, P = .001), hypertension (OR: 2.244; 95% CI: 1.099-4.579, P = .026), and the presence of NAFPD (OR: 3.078; CI 95% CI: 1.531-6.190, P = .0002). In the present study we demonstrated that, in patients with NAFLD, pancreatic fat accumulation was significantly associated with cIMT, a marker of early atherosclerosis. NAFPD may increase the risk of vascular events associated with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Sahin
- Department of Cardiology, 420101Trabzon Ahi Evren Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Application Center, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Karadeniz
- Department of Radiology, 420101Trabzon Ahi Evren Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Application Center, Trabzon, Turkey
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13
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Große-Segerath L, Lammert E. Role of vasodilation in liver regeneration and health. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1009-1019. [PMID: 33908220 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that an enhanced blood flow through the liver triggers hepatocyte proliferation and thereby liver growth. In this review, we first explain the literature on hepatic blood flow and its changes after partial hepatectomy (PHx), before we present the different steps of liver regeneration that take place right after the initial hemodynamic changes induced by PHx. Those parts of the molecular mechanisms governing liver regeneration, which are directly associated with the hepatic vascular system, are subsequently reviewed. These include β1 integrin-dependent mechanotransduction in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), triggering mechanically-induced activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR3) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) as well as release of growth-promoting angiocrine signals. Finally, we speculate how advanced age and obesity negatively affect the hepatic vasculature and thus liver regeneration and health, and we conclude our review with some recent technical progress in the clinic that employs liver perfusion. In sum, the mechano-elastic properties and alterations of the hepatic vasculature are key to better understand and influence liver health, regeneration, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Große-Segerath
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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14
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Zhang CL, Wang JJ, Li JN, Yang Y. Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease: An emerging clinical challenge. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6624-6638. [PMID: 34447810 PMCID: PMC8362510 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i23.6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) is an emerging disease that has gained an increasing amount of attention in recent years. It describes fat accumulation in the pancreas with insignificant alcohol consumption, but the pathogenesis is largely unknown. A wide range of terms have been used to describe the phenomenon of pancreatic fat accumulation, but NAFPD remains an under-recognized and non-independent disorder. Obesity, age, sex, race, and unhealthy lifestyle are established independent risk factors for NAFPD, which is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula, pancreatic cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. At present, imaging techniques are common diagnostic aids, but uniform criteria and consensus are lacking. Therapeutically, healthy diet, weight loss, and exercise are the mainstays to reduce pancreatic fat accumulation. It can be seen that there is a limited understanding of NAFPD at this stage and further exploration is needed. Previous studies have revealed that NAFPD may directly affect diagnosis and clinical decision-making. Therefore, exploring the pathophysiological mechanism and clinical associations of NAFPD is a major challenge for researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing-Jiao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Ning Li
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Yang
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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15
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Saunders DC, Aamodt KI, Richardson TM, Hopkirk AJ, Aramandla R, Poffenberger G, Jenkins R, Flaherty DK, Prasad N, Levy SE, Powers AC, Brissova M. Coordinated interactions between endothelial cells and macrophages in the islet microenvironment promote β cell regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:22. [PMID: 33824346 PMCID: PMC8024255 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous β cell regeneration could alleviate diabetes, but proliferative stimuli within the islet microenvironment are incompletely understood. We previously found that β cell recovery following hypervascularization-induced β cell loss involves interactions with endothelial cells (ECs) and macrophages (MΦs). Here we show that proliferative ECs modulate MΦ infiltration and phenotype during β cell loss, and recruited MΦs are essential for β cell recovery. Furthermore, VEGFR2 inactivation in quiescent ECs accelerates islet vascular regression during β cell recovery and leads to increased β cell proliferation without changes in MΦ phenotype or number. Transcriptome analysis of β cells, ECs, and MΦs reveals that β cell proliferation coincides with elevated expression of extracellular matrix remodeling molecules and growth factors likely driving activation of proliferative signaling pathways in β cells. Collectively, these findings suggest a new β cell regeneration paradigm whereby coordinated interactions between intra-islet MΦs, ECs, and extracellular matrix mediate β cell self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Saunders
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristie I Aamodt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tiffany M Richardson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander J Hopkirk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Regina Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David K Flaherty
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- Hudson Alpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- Hudson Alpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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16
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Wieland FC, Sthijns MMJPE, Geuens T, van Blitterswijk CA, LaPointe VLS. The Role of Alpha Cells in the Self-Assembly of Bioengineered Islets. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:1055-1063. [PMID: 33076775 PMCID: PMC8392094 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularization is undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges in tissue engineering. Its importance is particularly evident when considering the transplantation of (bioengineered) pancreatic islets of Langerhans, which are highly sensitive to the delivery of oxygen and nutrients for their survival and function. Here we studied pseudoislets of Langerhans, which are three-dimensional spheroids composed of β (INS1E), α (alpha TC-1), and endothelial (HUVEC) cells, and were interested in how the location and prevalence of the different cell types affected the presence of endothelial cells in the pseudoislet. We hypothesized that alpha (α) cells play an essential role in islet self-assembly and the incorporation of endothelial cells into the pseudoislet, and are thus important to consider in tissue engineering or regenerative medicine strategies, which typically focuses on the insulin-producing beta (β) cells alone. We first determined the effect of changing the relative ratios of the cells and found the cell distribution converged on a steady state of ∼21% α cells, 74% β cells, and 5% endothelial cells after 10 days of culture regardless of their respective ratios at seeding. We also found that the incorporation of endothelial cells was related to the pseudoislet size, with more endothelial cells found in the core of larger pseudoislets following a concomitant increase of α cells and a decrease in β cells. Finally, we observed that both endothelial and β cells were found adjacent to α cells significantly more frequently than to each other. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the self-assembly of a pseudoislet is an intrinsically cell-regulated process. The endothelial cells had preferential proximity to the α cells, and this persisted even when challenged with changing the cell ratios and numbers. This study gives insight into the rules governing the self-organization of pseudoislets and suggests an important role for α cells to promote the incorporation of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik C Wieland
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mireille M J P E Sthijns
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Geuens
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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17
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Insulin/Glucose-Responsive Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Disease Modeling and Treatment of Diabetes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112465. [PMID: 33198288 PMCID: PMC7696367 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance in peripheral organs, accounts for more than 90% of all diabetes. Despite current developments of new drugs and strategies to prevent/treat diabetes, there is no ideal therapy targeting all aspects of the disease. Restoration, however, of insulin-producing β-cells, as well as insulin-responsive cells, would be a logical strategy for the treatment of diabetes. In recent years, generation of transplantable cells derived from stem cells in vitro has emerged as an important research area. Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced, are alternative and feasible sources of insulin-secreting and glucose-responsive cells. This notwithstanding, consistent generation of robust glucose/insulin-responsive cells remains challenging. In this review, we describe basic concepts of the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and subsequent differentiation of these into pancreatic β-like cells, myotubes, as well as adipocyte- and hepatocyte-like cells. Use of these for modeling of human disease is now feasible, while development of replacement therapies requires continued efforts.
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18
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Holloway EM, Wu JH, Czerwinski M, Sweet CW, Wu A, Tsai YH, Huang S, Stoddard AE, Capeling MM, Glass I, Spence JR. Differentiation of Human Intestinal Organoids with Endogenous Vascular Endothelial Cells. Dev Cell 2020; 54:516-528.e7. [PMID: 32841595 PMCID: PMC7480827 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived intestinal organoids (HIOs) lack some cellular populations found in the native organ, including vasculature. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we have identified a population of endothelial cells (ECs) present early in HIO differentiation that declines over time in culture. Here, we developed a method to expand and maintain this endogenous population of ECs within HIOs (vHIOs). Given that ECs possess organ-specific gene expression, morphology, and function, we used bulk RNA-seq and scRNA-seq to interrogate the developing human intestine, lung, and kidney in order to identify organ-enriched EC gene signatures. By comparing these gene signatures and validated markers to HIO ECs, we find that HIO ECs grown in vitro share the highest similarity with native intestinal ECs relative to kidney and lung. Together, these data demonstrate that HIOs can co-differentiate a native EC population that is properly patterned with an intestine-specific EC transcriptional signature in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua H Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Czerwinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Caden W Sweet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Angeline Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Amy E Stoddard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meghan M Capeling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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19
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Tang VW. Collagen, stiffness, and adhesion: the evolutionary basis of vertebrate mechanobiology. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1823-1834. [PMID: 32730166 PMCID: PMC7525820 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-12-0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of collagen I in vertebrates resulted in a dramatic increase in the stiffness of the extracellular environment, supporting long-range force propagation and the development of low-compliant tissues necessary for the development of vertebrate traits including pressurized circulation and renal filtration. Vertebrates have also evolved integrins that can bind to collagens, resulting in the generation of higher tension and more efficient force transmission in the extracellular matrix. The stiffer environment provides an opportunity for the vertebrates to create new structures such as the stress fibers, new cell types such as endothelial cells, new developmental processes such as neural crest delamination, and new tissue organizations such as the blood-brain barrier. Molecular players found only in vertebrates allow the modification of conserved mechanisms as well as the design of novel strategies that can better serve the physiological needs of the vertebrates. These innovations collectively contribute to novel morphogenetic behaviors and unprecedented increases in the complexities of tissue mechanics and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian W. Tang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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20
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Shah N, Rocha JP, Bhutiani N, Endashaw O. Nonalcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease. Nutr Clin Pract 2020; 34 Suppl 1:S49-S56. [PMID: 31535735 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) describes a phenotype of pancreatic steatosis (PS) that is not caused by alcohol consumption, viral infections, toxins, or congenital metabolic syndromes but is associated with insulin resistance, malnutrition, obesity, metabolic syndrome, or increasing age. NAFPD is a relatively new disease entity, as the clinical significance of fatty infiltration of pancreas has gained attention recently. Clinical consequences of NAFPD remain largely unknown despite clinical associations. This review aims to study similarities and differences between hepatic and PS and explore recent advances in NAFPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jason P Rocha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Neal Bhutiani
- Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Omer Endashaw
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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21
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Vishwakarma SK, Jaiswal J, Park K, Lakkireddy C, Raju N, Bardia A, Habeeb MA, Paspala SAB, Khan AA, Dhayal M. TiO
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Nanoflowers on Conducting Substrates Ameliorate Effective Transdifferentiation of Human Hepatic Progenitor Cells for Long‐Term Hyperglycemia Reversal in Diabetic Mice. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
- Clinical Research FacilityCSIR‐Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational MedicineCentre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences Kanchanbagh Hyderabad Telangana 500058 India
- Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences Limited Attapur Hyderabad Telangana 500048 India
| | - Juhi Jaiswal
- Nano‐Cellular Medicine and Biophysics Laboratory, School of Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Kyung‐Hee Park
- Department of Dental Materials and Hard‐tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of DentistryChonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Chandrakala Lakkireddy
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational MedicineCentre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences Kanchanbagh Hyderabad Telangana 500058 India
| | - Nagarapu Raju
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational MedicineCentre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences Kanchanbagh Hyderabad Telangana 500058 India
- Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences Limited Attapur Hyderabad Telangana 500048 India
| | - Avinash Bardia
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational MedicineCentre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences Kanchanbagh Hyderabad Telangana 500058 India
- Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences Limited Attapur Hyderabad Telangana 500048 India
| | - Md. Aejaz Habeeb
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational MedicineCentre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences Kanchanbagh Hyderabad Telangana 500058 India
- Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences Limited Attapur Hyderabad Telangana 500048 India
| | - Syed Ameer Basha Paspala
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational MedicineCentre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences Kanchanbagh Hyderabad Telangana 500058 India
- Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences Limited Attapur Hyderabad Telangana 500048 India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational MedicineCentre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences Kanchanbagh Hyderabad Telangana 500058 India
- Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences Limited Attapur Hyderabad Telangana 500048 India
| | - Marshal Dhayal
- Clinical Research FacilityCSIR‐Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Nano‐Cellular Medicine and Biophysics Laboratory, School of Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
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22
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Kim Y, Jeong J, Choi D. Small-molecule-mediated reprogramming: a silver lining for regenerative medicine. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:213-226. [PMID: 32080339 PMCID: PMC7062739 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques for reprogramming somatic cells create new opportunities for drug screening, disease modeling, artificial organ development, and cell therapy. The development of reprogramming techniques has grown exponentially since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by the transduction of four factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Initial studies on iPSCs led to direct-conversion techniques using transcription factors expressed mainly in target cells. However, reprogramming transcription factors with a virus risks integrating viral DNA and can be complicated by oncogenes. To address these problems, many researchers are developing reprogramming methods that use clinically applicable small molecules and growth factors. This review summarizes research trends in reprogramming cells using small molecules and growth factors, including their modes of action. The reprogramming of cells using small molecules to generate viable, safe stem-cell populations could transform stem-cell therapies, disease modeling and artificial organ development. Existing ways of reprogramming cells to generate stem cells carry risks, because the methods used often involve using viral DNA components or oncogenes, genes with the potential to turn cells into tumour cells. Safer, inexpensive alternatives are sought by scientists, and the efficient reprogramming of cells using small molecules and growth factors shows promise. Dongho Choi and co-workers at Hanyang University College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, reviewed recent research highlighting how small molecules including chemical compounds, plant derivatives and certain approved drugs are being used effectively to create different stem-cell populations. Recent successes are also contributing valuable insights into how stem cells differentiate into different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Korea. .,HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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23
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Win PW, Oakie A, Li J, Wang R. Beta-cell β1 integrin deficiency affects in utero development of islet growth and vascularization. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:163-175. [PMID: 32060653 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The β1 integrin subunit contributes to pancreatic beta cell growth and function through communication with the extracellular matrix (ECM). The effects of in vitro and in vivo β1 integrin knockout have been extensively studied in mature islets, yet no study to date has examined how the loss of β1 integrin during specific stages of pancreatic development impacts beta cell maturation. Beta-cell-specific tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase (MIP-CreERT) mice were crossed with mice containing floxed Itgb1 (β1 integrin) to create an inducible mouse model (MIPβ1KO) at the second transition stage (e13.5) of pancreas development. By e19.5-20.5, the expression of beta-cell β1 integrin in fetal MIPβ1KO mice was significantly reduced and these mice displayed decreased beta cell mass, density and proliferation. Morphologically, fetal MIPβ1KO pancreata exhibited reduced islet vascularization and nascent endocrine cells in the ductal region. In addition, decreased ERK phosphorylation was observed in fetal MIPβ1KO pancreata. The expression of transcription factors needed for beta-cell development was unchanged in fetal MIPβ1KO pancreata. The findings from this study demonstrate that β1 integrin signaling is required during a transition-specific window in the developing beta-cell to maintain islet mass and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyo Wei Win
- Children's Health Research Institute, Victoria Research Laboratories, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Amanda Oakie
- Children's Health Research Institute, Victoria Research Laboratories, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jinming Li
- Children's Health Research Institute, Victoria Research Laboratories, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Rennian Wang
- Children's Health Research Institute, Victoria Research Laboratories, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5, Canada. .,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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24
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Pasquier J, Ghiabi P, Chouchane L, Razzouk K, Rafii S, Rafii A. Angiocrine endothelium: from physiology to cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 18:52. [PMID: 32014047 PMCID: PMC6998193 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of cancer as a cell-autonomous disease has been challenged by the wealth of knowledge gathered in the past decades on the importance of tumor microenvironment (TM) in cancer progression and metastasis. The significance of endothelial cells (ECs) in this scenario was initially attributed to their role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis that is critical for tumor initiation and growth. Nevertheless, the identification of endothelial-derived angiocrine factors illustrated an alternative non-angiogenic function of ECs contributing to both physiological and pathological tissue development. Gene expression profiling studies have demonstrated distinctive expression patterns in tumor-associated endothelial cells that imply a bilateral crosstalk between tumor and its endothelium. Recently, some of the molecular determinants of this reciprocal interaction have been identified which are considered as potential targets for developing novel anti-angiocrine therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pasquier
- Nice Breast Institute, 57 bld de la Californie, 06000, Nice, France.
- Stem Cell & Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Pegah Ghiabi
- Stem Cell & Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Genetic Medicine and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kais Razzouk
- Nice Breast Institute, 57 bld de la Californie, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Arash Rafii
- Nice Breast Institute, 57 bld de la Californie, 06000, Nice, France
- Stem Cell & Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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25
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Urbanczyk M, Zbinden A, Layland SL, Duffy G, Schenke-Layland K. Controlled Heterotypic Pseudo-Islet Assembly of Human β-Cells and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Using Magnetic Levitation. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 26:387-399. [PMID: 31680653 PMCID: PMC7187983 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Cell functionality and survival are highly dependent on the cells' microenvironment and cell–cell interactions. Since the pancreas is a highly vascularized organ, the crosstalk between β-cells and endothelial cells (ECs) is vital to ensure proper function. To understand the interaction of pancreatic β-cells with vascular ECs, we sought to investigate the impact of the spatial distribution on the interaction of human cell line-based β-cells (EndoC-βH3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We focused on the evaluation of three major spatial distributions, which can be found within human islets in vivo, in tissue-engineered heterotypic cell spheroids, so-called pseudo-islets, by controlling the aggregation process using magnetic levitation. We report that heterotypic spheroids formed by spontaneous aggregation cannot be maintained in culture due to HUVEC disassembly over time. In contrast, magnetic levitation allows the formation of stable heterotypic spheroids with defined spatial distribution and significantly facilitated HUVEC integration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that introduces a human-only cell line-based in vitro test system composed of a coculture of β-cells and ECs with a successful stimulation of β-cell secretory function monitored by a glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays. In addition, we systematically investigate the impact of the spatial distribution on cocultures of human β-cells and ECs, showing that the architecture of pseudo-islets significantly affects β-cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Urbanczyk
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aline Zbinden
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Garry Duffy
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,The Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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26
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Sneddon JB, Tang Q, Stock P, Bluestone JA, Roy S, Desai T, Hebrok M. Stem Cell Therapies for Treating Diabetes: Progress and Remaining Challenges. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:810-823. [PMID: 29859172 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of insulin independence and normoglycemia has been the overarching goal in diabetes research and therapy. While whole-organ and islet transplantation have become gold-standard procedures in achieving glucose control in diabetic patients, the profound lack of suitable donor tissues severely hampers the broad application of these therapies. Here, we describe current efforts aimed at generating a sustainable source of functional human stem cell-derived insulin-producing islet cells for cell transplantation and present state-of-the-art efforts to protect such cells via immune modulation and encapsulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Sneddon
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter Stock
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Ph.D. Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tejal Desai
- UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Ph.D. Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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27
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Vining KH, Lombaert IMA, Patel VN, Kibbey SE, Pradhan-Bhatt S, Witt RL, Hoffman MP. Neurturin-containing laminin matrices support innervated branching epithelium from adult epithelial salispheres. Biomaterials 2019; 216:119245. [PMID: 31200143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation of autologous adult biopsies, grown ex vivo as epithelial organoids or expanded as spheroids, are proposed treatments to regenerate damaged branching organs. However, it is not clear whether transplantation of adult organoids or spheroids alone is sufficient to initiate a fetal-like program of branching morphogenesis in which coordinated branching of multiple cell types including nerves, mesenchyme and blood vessels occurs. Yet this is an essential concept for the regeneration of branching organs such as lung, pancreas, and lacrimal and salivary glands. Here, we used factors identified from fetal organogenesis to maintain and expand adult murine and human epithelial salivary gland progenitors in non-adherent spheroid cultures, called salispheres. These factors stimulated critical developmental pathways, and increased expression of epithelial progenitor markers such as Keratin5, Keratin14, FGFR2b and KIT. Moreover, physical recombination of adult salispheres in a laminin-111 extracellular matrix with fetal salivary mesenchyme, containing endothelial and neuronal cells, only induced branching morphogenesis when neurturin, a neurotrophic factor, was added to the matrix. Neurturin was essential to improve neuronal survival, axon outgrowth, innervation of the salispheres, and resulted in the formation of branching structures with a proximal-distal axis that mimicked fetal branching morphogenesis, thus recapitulating organogenesis. Epithelial progenitors were also maintained, and developmental differentiation programs were initiated, showing that the fetal microenvironment provides a template for adult epithelial progenitors to initiate branching and differentiation. Further delineation of secreted and physical cues from the fetal niche will be useful to develop novel regenerative therapies that instruct adult salispheres to resume a developmental-like program in vitro and to regenerate branching organs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Vining
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA; Medical Research Scholars Program, Office of Clinical Research Training and Medical Education, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA; University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Current Address: John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138. USA
| | - I M A Lombaert
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA; Current Address: Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, North Campus Research Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - V N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA
| | - S E Kibbey
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA
| | - S Pradhan-Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - R L Witt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, 19713, USA; Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - M P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA.
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28
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Examining the therapeutic potential of various stem cell sources for differentiation into insulin-producing cells to treat diabetes. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2019; 80:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2018.06.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Rosenblatt R, Mehta A, Snell D, Hissong E, Kierans AS, Kumar S. Ultrasonographic Nonalcoholic Fatty Pancreas Is Associated with Advanced Fibrosis in NAFLD: A Retrospective Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:262-268. [PMID: 30269271 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAF-P) is strongly linked with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its relationship with advanced liver disease is unknown. AIMS This study investigated the association between NAF-P and both advanced fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS This retrospective study evaluated adults with biopsy-proven NAFLD with a sonogram within 1 year of liver biopsy. NAF-P was diagnosed by comparing the echogenicity of the pancreas to the kidney and was graded by severity. The primary outcome was the effect of NAF-P on the presence of advanced fibrosis and NASH, while secondary outcomes included the association of extensive NAF-P (grade II/III). Propensity score matching for independent risk factors of advanced fibrosis (age, gender, body mass index, and diabetes) was performed. RESULTS One hundred and four patients were included in the study and 91 (87.5%) had NAF-P. After propensity score matching, NAF-P was significantly associated with advanced fibrosis (OR 10.52, p < 0.001) but not NASH (p = 0.27). Extensive NAF-P was predictive of advanced fibrosis (OR 3.35, p = 0.006) and NASH (OR 5.37, p < 0.001). NAF-P had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 93% for advanced fibrosis. When matching for the NAFLD fibrosis score in addition to the variables above, both NAF-P (OR 5.36, p = 0.001) and extensive NAF-P (OR 5.38, p = 0.002) still significantly predicted advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSION NAF-P is predictive of advanced fibrosis, even when controlling for independent predictors of advanced fibrosis and the NAFLD fibrosis score. NAF-P has an excellent NPV and is a safe, inexpensive finding that can rule out advanced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Rosenblatt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Amit Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - David Snell
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Erika Hissong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Andrea Siobhan Kierans
- Division of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, 3rd Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sonal Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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30
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Wong WKM, Sørensen AE, Joglekar MV, Hardikar AA, Dalgaard LT. Non-Coding RNA in Pancreas and β-Cell Development. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:E41. [PMID: 30551650 PMCID: PMC6315983 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of different classes of non-coding RNAs for islet and β-cell development, maturation and function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a prominent class of small RNAs, have been investigated for more than two decades and patterns of the roles of different miRNAs in pancreatic fetal development, islet and β-cell maturation and function are now emerging. Specific miRNAs are dynamically regulated throughout the period of pancreas development, during islet and β-cell differentiation as well as in the perinatal period, where a burst of β-cell replication takes place. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in islet and β-cells is less investigated than for miRNAs, but knowledge is increasing rapidly. The advent of ultra-deep RNA sequencing has enabled the identification of highly islet- or β-cell-selective lncRNA transcripts expressed at low levels. Their roles in islet cells are currently only characterized for a few of these lncRNAs, and these are often associated with β-cell super-enhancers and regulate neighboring gene activity. Moreover, ncRNAs present in imprinted regions are involved in pancreas development and β-cell function. Altogether, these observations support significant and important actions of ncRNAs in β-cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K M Wong
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Center, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anja E Sørensen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Center, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anand A Hardikar
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Center, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Louise T Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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32
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Byrnes KG, McDermott K, Coffey JC. Development of mesenteric tissues. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 92:55-62. [PMID: 30347243 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelial, neurovascular, lymphatic, adipose and mesenchymal tissues make up the mesentery. These tissues are pathobiologically important for numerous reasons. Collectively, they form a continuous, discrete and substantive organ. Additionally, they maintain abdominal digestive organs in position and in continuity with other systems. Furthermore, as they occupy a central position, they mediate transmission of signals between the abdominal digestive system and the remainder of the body. Despite this physiologic centrality, mesenteric tissue development has received little investigatory focus. However, recent advances in our understanding of anatomy demonstrate continuity between all mesenteric tissues, thereby linking previously unrelated studies. In this review, we examine the development of mesenteric tissue in normality and in the setting of congenital abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gerard Byrnes
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kieran McDermott
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - John Calvin Coffey
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (4i), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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33
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Marcu R, Choi YJ, Xue J, Fortin CL, Wang Y, Nagao RJ, Xu J, MacDonald JW, Bammler TK, Murry CE, Muczynski K, Stevens KR, Himmelfarb J, Schwartz SM, Zheng Y. Human Organ-Specific Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity. iScience 2018; 4:20-35. [PMID: 30240741 PMCID: PMC6147238 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium first forms in the blood islands in the extra-embryonic yolk sac and then throughout the embryo to establish circulatory networks that further acquire organ-specific properties during development to support diverse organ functions. Here, we investigated the properties of endothelial cells (ECs), isolated from four human major organs-the heart, lung, liver, and kidneys-in individual fetal tissues at three months' gestation, at gene expression, and at cellular function levels. We showed that organ-specific ECs have distinct expression patterns of gene clusters, which support their specific organ development and functions. These ECs displayed distinct barrier properties, angiogenic potential, and metabolic rate and support specific organ functions. Our findings showed the link between human EC heterogeneity and organ development and can be exploited therapeutically to contribute in organ regeneration, disease modeling, as well as guiding differentiation of tissue-specific ECs from human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Marcu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yoon Jung Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chelsea L Fortin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan J Nagao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James W MacDonald
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kelly R Stevens
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Kasputis T, Clough D, Noto F, Rychel K, Dye B, Shea LD. Microporous Polymer Scaffolds for the Transplantation of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Pancreatic Progenitors to a Clinically Translatable Site for the Treatment of Type I Diabetes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1770-1778. [PMID: 30345348 PMCID: PMC6191190 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type I diabetes mellitus, which affects an estimated 1.5 million Americans, is caused by autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells that results in the need for life-long insulin therapy. Allogeneic islet transplantation for the treatment of type I diabetes is a therapy in which donor islets are infused intrahepatically, which has led to the transient reversal of diabetes. However, therapeutic limitations of allogeneic transplantation, which include a shortage of donor islets, long-term immunosuppression, and high risk of tissue rejection, have led to the investigation of embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells as an unlimited source of functional beta-cells. Herein, we investigate the use of microporous scaffolds for their ability to promote the engraftment of stem cell derived pancreatic progenitors and their maturation toward mono-hormonal insulin producing β-cells at a clinically translatable, extrahepatic site. Initial studies demonstrated that microporous scaffolds supported cell engraftment, and their maturation to become insulin positive; however, the number of insulin positive cells and the levels of C-peptide secretion were substantially lower than what was observed with progenitor cell transplantation into the kidney capsule. The scaffolds were subsequently modified to provide a sustained release of exendin-4, which has previously been employed to promote maturation of pancreatic progenitors in vitro and has been employed to promote engraftment of transplanted islets in the peritoneal fat. Transplantation of stem cell derived pancreatic progenitors on scaffolds releasing exendin-4 led to significantly increased C-peptide production compared to scaffolds without exendin-4, with C-peptide and blood glucose levels comparable to the kidney capsule transplantation cohort. Image analysis of insulin and glucagon producing cells indicated that monohormonal insulin producing cells were significantly greater compared to glucagon producing and polyhormonal cells in scaffolds releasing exendin-4, whereas a significantly decreased percentage of insulin-producing cells were present among hormone producing cells in scaffolds without exendin-4. Collectively, a microporous scaffold, capable of localized and sustained delivery of exendin-4, enhanced the maturation and function of pluripotent stem cell derived pancreatic progenitors that were transplanted to a clinically translatable site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadas Kasputis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Daniel Clough
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Fallon Noto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Kevin Rychel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Briana Dye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
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35
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Lebaschi A, Nakagawa Y, Wada S, Cong GT, Rodeo SA. Tissue-specific endothelial cells: a promising approach for augmentation of soft tissue repair in orthopedics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1410:44-56. [PMID: 29265420 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biologics are playing an increasingly significant role in the practice of modern medicine and surgery in general and orthopedics in particular. Cell-based approaches are among the most important and widely used modalities in orthopedic biologics, with mesenchymal stem cells and other multi/pluripotent cells undergoing evaluation in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. On the other hand, fully differentiated endothelial cells (ECs) have been found to perform critical roles in homeostasis of visceral tissues through production of an adaptive panel of so-called "angiocrine factors." This newly discovered function of ECs renders them excellent candidates for novel approaches in cell-based biologics. Here, we present a review of the role of ECs and angiocrine factors in some visceral tissues, followed by an overview of current cell-based approaches and a discussion of the potential applications of ECs in soft tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Lebaschi
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Susumu Wada
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Guang-Ting Cong
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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36
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Arany EJ, Waseem M, Strutt BJ, Chamson-Reig A, Bernardo A, Eng E, Hill DJ. Direct comparison of the abilities of bone marrow mesenchymal versus hematopoietic stem cells to reverse hyperglycemia in diabetic NOD.SCID mice. Islets 2018; 10:137-150. [PMID: 30110202 PMCID: PMC6281365 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2018.1480285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) improve glycemic control in diabetic mice, but their kinetics and associated changes in pancreatic morphology have not been directly compared. Our goal was to examine the time course of improvements in glucose tolerance and associated changes in β-cell mass and proliferation following transplantation of equivalent numbers of HSC or MSC from the same bone marrow into diabetic non-obese diabetic severe combined immune deficiency (NOD.SCID) mice. We used transgenic mice with a targeted expression of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) driven by the Vav1 gene promoter to genetically tag HSC and progeny. HSC were separated from bone marrow by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and MSC following cell culture. Equivalent numbers of isolated HSC or MSC were transplanted directly into the pancreas of NOD.SCID mice previously made diabetic with streptozotocin. Glucose tolerance, serum insulin, β-cell mass and β-cell proliferation were examined up to 28 days following transplant. Transplantation with MSC improved glucose tolerance within 7 days and serum insulin levels increased, but with no increase in β-cell mass. Mice transplanted with HSC showed improved glucose tolerance only after 3 weeks associated with increased β-cell proliferation and mass. We conclude that single injections of either MSC or HSC transiently improved glycemic control in diabetic NOD.SCID mice, but with different time courses. However, only HSC infiltrated the islets and were associated with an expanded β-cell mass. This suggests that MSC and HSC have differing mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith J. Arany
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- CONTACT Dr. David J. Hill Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph’s Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St, London ON Canada N6A 4V2
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Adam Bernardo
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Eng
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David J. Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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37
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Takada N, Omae M, Sagawa F, Chi NC, Endo S, Kozawa S, Sato TN. Re-evaluating the functional landscape of the cardiovascular system during development. Biol Open 2017; 6:1756-1770. [PMID: 28982700 PMCID: PMC5703621 DOI: 10.1242/bio.030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system facilitates body-wide distribution of oxygen, a vital process for the development and survival of virtually all vertebrates. However, the zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism, appears to form organs and survive mid-larval periods without a functional cardiovascular system. Despite such dispensability, it is the first organ to develop. Such enigma prompted us to hypothesize other cardiovascular functions that are important for developmental and/or physiological processes. Hence, systematic cellular ablations and functional perturbations were performed on the zebrafish cardiovascular system to gain comprehensive and body-wide understanding of such functions and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. This approach identifies a set of organ-specific genes, each implicated for important functions. The study also unveils distinct cardiovascular mechanisms, each differentially regulating their expressions in organ-specific and oxygen-independent manners. Such mechanisms are mediated by organ-vessel interactions, circulation-dependent signals, and circulation-independent beating-heart-derived signals. A comprehensive and body-wide functional landscape of the cardiovascular system reported herein may provide clues as to why it is the first organ to develop. Furthermore, these data could serve as a resource for the study of organ development and function. Summary: The body-wide landscape of the cardiovascular functions during development is reported. Such landscape may provide clues as to why the cardiovascular system is the first organ to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Takada
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Madoka Omae
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,Kyoto University, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sagawa
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Neil C Chi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613J, USA
| | - Satsuki Endo
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kozawa
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Thomas N Sato
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan .,ERATO Sato Live Bio-Forecasting Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Centenary Institute, Sydney 2042, Australia
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38
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Bastidas-Ponce A, Scheibner K, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms coordinating pancreas development. Development 2017; 144:2873-2888. [PMID: 28811309 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is an endoderm-derived glandular organ that participates in the regulation of systemic glucose metabolism and food digestion through the function of its endocrine and exocrine compartments, respectively. While intensive research has explored the signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that govern pancreas development, much remains to be discovered regarding the cellular processes that orchestrate pancreas morphogenesis. Here, we discuss the developmental mechanisms and principles that are known to underlie pancreas development, from induction and lineage formation to morphogenesis and organogenesis. Elucidating such principles will help to identify novel candidate disease genes and unravel the pathogenesis of pancreas-related diseases, such as diabetes, pancreatitis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany .,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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39
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Scavuzzo MA, Yang D, Borowiak M. Organotypic pancreatoids with native mesenchyme develop Insulin producing endocrine cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10810. [PMID: 28883507 PMCID: PMC5589819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacement of lost beta cells in patients with diabetes has the potential to alleviate them of their disease, yet current protocols to make beta cells are inadequate for therapy. In vitro screens can reveal the signals necessary for endocrine maturation to improve beta cell production, however the complexities of in vivo development that lead to beta cell formation are lost in two-dimensional systems. Here, we create three-dimensional organotypic pancreatic cultures, named pancreatoids, composed of embryonic day 10.5 murine epithelial progenitors and native mesenchyme. These progenitors assemble in scaffold-free, floating conditions and, with the inclusion of native mesenchyme, develop into pancreatoids expressing markers of different pancreatic lineages including endocrine-like cells. Treatment of pancreatoids with (-)-Indolactam-V or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, two protein kinase C activators, leads to altered morphology which otherwise would be overlooked in two-dimensional systems. Protein kinase C activation also led to fewer Insulin+ cells, decreased Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels, and increased Pdx1 and Hes1 mRNA levels with a high number of DBA+ cells. Thus, organotypic pancreatoids provide a useful tool for developmental studies, and can further be used for disease modeling, small molecules and genetic screens, or applied to human pluripotent stem cell differentiation for beta-like cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Scavuzzo
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Diane Yang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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40
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Aamodt KI, Powers AC. Signals in the pancreatic islet microenvironment influence β-cell proliferation. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19 Suppl 1:124-136. [PMID: 28880471 PMCID: PMC5679109 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The progressive loss of pancreatic β-cell mass that occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is a primary factor driving efforts to identify strategies for effectively increasing, enhancing or restoring β-cell mass. While factors that seem to influence β-cell proliferation in specific contexts have been described, reliable stimulation of human β-cell proliferation has remained a challenge. Importantly, β-cells exist in the context of a complex, integrated pancreatic islet microenvironment where they interact with other endocrine cells, vascular endothelial cells, extracellular matrix, neuronal projections and islet macrophages. This review highlights different components of the pancreatic microenvironment, and reviews what is known about how signaling that occurs between β-cells and these other components influences β-cell proliferation. Future efforts to further define the role of the pancreatic islet microenvironment on β-cell proliferation may lead to the development of successful approaches to increase or restore β-cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie I. Aamodt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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41
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Hikspoors JPJM, Peeters MMJP, Mekonen HK, Kruepunga N, Mommen GMC, Cornillie P, Köhler SE, Lamers WH. The fate of the vitelline and umbilical veins during the development of the human liver. J Anat 2017; 231:718-735. [PMID: 28786203 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of endodermal cells into hepatoblasts is well studied, but the remodeling of the vitelline and umbilical veins during liver development is less well understood. We compared human embryos between 3 and 10 weeks of development with pig and mouse embryos at comparable stages, and used Amira 3D reconstruction and Cinema 4D remodeling software for visualization. The vitelline and umbilical veins enter the systemic venous sinus on each side via a common entrance, the hepatocardiac channel. During expansion into the transverse septum at Carnegie Stage (CS)12 the liver bud develops as two dorsolateral lobes or 'wings' and a single ventromedial lobe, with the liver hilum at the intersection of these lobes. The dorsolateral lobes each engulf a vitelline vein during CS13 and the ventromedial lobe both umbilical veins during CS14, but both venous systems remain temporarily identifiable inside the liver. The dominance of the left-sided umbilical vein and the rightward repositioning of the sinuatrial junction cause de novo development of left-to-right shunts between the left umbilical vein in the liver hilum and the right hepatocardiac channel (venous duct) and the right vitelline vein (portal sinus), respectively. Once these shunts have formed, portal branches develop from the intrahepatic portions of the portal vein on the right side and the umbilical vein on the left side. The gall bladder is a reliable marker for this hepatic vascular midline. We found no evidence for large-scale fragmentation of embryonic veins as claimed by the 'vestigial' theory. Instead and in agreement with the 'lineage' theory, the vitelline and umbilical veins remained temporally identifiable inside the liver after being engulfed by hepatoblasts. In agreement with the 'hemodynamic' theory, the left-right shunts develop de novo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill P J M Hikspoors
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs M J P Peeters
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hayelom K Mekonen
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nutmethee Kruepunga
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Greet M C Mommen
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Eleonore Köhler
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM Research School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Lamers
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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History and conceptual developments in vascular biology and angiogenesis research: a personal view. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:463-478. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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43
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Havrilak JA, Melton KR, Shannon JM. Endothelial cells are not required for specification of respiratory progenitors. Dev Biol 2017; 427:93-105. [PMID: 28501476 PMCID: PMC5551037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between mesenchymal and epithelial cells influences organogenesis in multiple tissues, such as lung, pancreas, liver, and the nervous system. Lung mesenchyme comprises multiple cell types, however, and precise identification of the mesenchymal cell type(s) that drives early events in lung development remains unknown. Endothelial cells have been shown to be required for some aspects of lung epithelial patterning, lung stem cell differentiation, and regeneration after injury. Furthermore, endothelial cells are involved in early liver and pancreas development. From these observations we hypothesized that endothelial cells might also be required for early specification of the respiratory field and subsequent lung bud initiation. We first blocked VEGF signaling in E8.5 cultured foreguts with small molecule VEGFR inhibitors and found that lung specification and bud formation were unaltered. However, when we examined E9.5 mouse embryos carrying a mutation in the VEGFR Flk-1, which do not develop endothelial cells, we found that respiratory progenitor specification was impeded. Because the E9.5 embryos were substantially smaller than control littermates, suggesting the possibility of developmental delay, we isolated and cultured foreguts from mutant and control embryos on E8.5, when no size differences were apparent. We found that both specification of the respiratory field and lung bud formation occurred in mutant and control explants. These observations were unaffected by the presence or absence of serum. We also observed that hepatic specification and initiation occurred in the absence of endothelial cells, and that expansion of the liver epithelium in culture did not differ between mutant and control explants. Consistent with previously published results, we also found that pancreatic buds were not maintained in cultured foreguts when endothelial cells were absent. Our observations support the conclusion that endothelial cells are not required for early specification of lung progenitors and bud initiation, and that the diminished lung specification seen in E9.5 Flk-/- embryos is likely due to developmental delay resulting from the insufficient delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and other factors in the absence of a vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Havrilak
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Kristin R Melton
- Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - John M Shannon
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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44
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Mandell EW, Abman SH. Fetal Vascular Origins of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. J Pediatr 2017; 185:7-10.e1. [PMID: 28359535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven H Abman
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center; Section of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora, Colorado.
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45
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Kowalska M, Hermyt M, Rupik W. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the embryonic pancreas in the grass snake Natrix natrix L. (Lepidosauria, Serpentes) based on histological studies. ZOOLOGY 2017; 121:91-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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46
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Establishment, characterization and long-term culture of human endocrine pancreas-derived microvascular endothelial cells. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:141-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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47
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Chi L, Ahmed A, Roy AR, Vuong S, Cahill LS, Caporiccio L, Sled JG, Caniggia I, Wilson MD, Delgado-Olguin P. Ehmt2/G9a controls placental vascular maturation by activating the Notch pathway. Development 2017; 144:1976-1987. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.148916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Defective fetoplacental vascular maturation causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A transcriptional switch initiates placental maturation where blood vessels elongate. However, cellular mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved are unknown. We show that the histone methyltransferase Ehmt2, also known as G9a, activates the Notch pathway to promote placental vascular maturation. Placental vasculature from embryos with G9a-deficient endothelial progenitor cells failed to expand due to decreased endothelial cell proliferation and increased trophoblast proliferation. Moreover, G9a deficiency altered the transcriptional switch initiating placental maturation and caused downregulation of Notch pathway effectors including Rbpj. Importantly, Notch pathway activation in G9a-deficient endothelial progenitors extended embryonic life and rescued placental vascular expansion. Thus, G9a activates the Notch pathway to balance endothelial cell and trophoblast proliferation and coordinates the transcriptional switch controlling placental vascular maturation. Accordingly, G9A and RBPJ were downregulated in human placentae from IUGR-affected pregnancies, suggesting that G9a is an important regulator in placental diseases caused by defective vascular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chi
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Abdalla Ahmed
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna R. Roy
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Vuong
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay S. Cahill
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Caporiccio
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
| | - John G. Sled
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Delgado-Olguin
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, ON, Canada
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48
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Ingthorsson S, Briem E, Bergthorsson JT, Gudjonsson T. Epithelial Plasticity During Human Breast Morphogenesis and Cancer Progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2016; 21:139-148. [PMID: 27815674 PMCID: PMC5159441 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-016-9366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complex events leading to formation of an epithelial-based organ such as the breast requires a detailed insight into the crosstalk between epithelial and stromal compartments. These interactions occur both through heterotypic cellular interactions and between cells and matrix components. While in vivo models may partially capture these complex interactions, there is a need for in- vitro models to study these events. In this review we discuss cell-cell interactions in breast development focusing on the stem cell niche and branching morphogenesis. Given the recent understanding that the basic developmental events underlying branching morphogenesis are closely related to pathways important to cancer progression, i.e. epithelial plasticity and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), we will also discuss aspects relevant to cancer progression. In cancer, the adoption of mesenchymal phenotype by the malignant cells allows stromal invasion and subsequent intravasation to blood- or lymphatic vessels, a route that is a prerequisite for metastasis. A number of publications have demonstrated that tumor initiating cells, sometimes referred to as cancer stem cells adapt an EMT phenotype that renders them more resistant to apoptosis and drug therapy. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is currently unknown but this may partially explain relapse in breast cancer patients. Increased understanding of branching morphogenesis in the breast gland and the regulation of EMT and its reverse process mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) may hold the keys for future development of methods/drugs that neutralize the invading properties of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saevar Ingthorsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Eirikur Briem
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jon Thor Bergthorsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali, University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali, University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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Talavera-Adame D, Woolcott OO, Ignatius-Irudayam J, Arumugaswami V, Geller DH, Dafoe DC. Effective endothelial cell and human pluripotent stem cell interactions generate functional insulin-producing beta cells. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2378-2386. [PMID: 27567623 PMCID: PMC5506104 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Endothelial cells (ECs) play an essential role in pancreatic organogenesis. We hypothesise that effective in vitro interactions between human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) results in the generation of functional pancreatic beta cells. METHODS Embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from hPSCs were cultured alone (controls) or with ECs in collagen gels. Subsequently, cells were analysed for pancreatic beta cell markers, and then isolated and expanded. Insulin secretion in response to glucose was evaluated in vitro by static and dynamic (perifusion) assays, and in vivo by EB transplantation into immunodeficient mice. RESULTS Co-cultured EBs had a higher expression of mature beta cells markers and enhanced insulin secretion in vitro, compared with controls. In mice, transplanted EBs had higher levels of human C-peptide secretion with a significant reduction in hyperglycaemia after the selective destruction of native pancreatic beta cells. In addition, there was significant in vitro upregulation of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP-2, 4) in co-cultured cells, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION ECs provide essential signalling in vitro, such as activation of the BMP pathway, for derivation of functional insulin-producing beta cells from hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dodanim Talavera-Adame
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8900 Beverly Boulevard, 251E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Orison O Woolcott
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Ignatius-Irudayam
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8900 Beverly Boulevard, 251E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David H Geller
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donald C Dafoe
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8900 Beverly Boulevard, 251E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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50
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Shah P, Lueschen N, Ardestani A, Oberholzer J, Olerud J, Carlsson PO, Maedler K. Angiopoetin-2 Signals Do Not Mediate the Hypervascularization of Islets in Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161834. [PMID: 27617438 PMCID: PMC5019443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Changes in the islet vasculature have been implicated in the regulation of β-cell survival and function during the progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Failure of the β-cell to compensate for the increased insulin demand in obesity eventually leads to diabetes; as a result of the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors (e.g. ongoing inflammation within the islets) and impaired vascular function. The Angiopoietin/Tie (Ang/Tie) angiogenic system maintains vasculature and is closely related to organ inflammation and angiogenesis. In this study we aimed to identify whether the vessel area within the islets changes in diabetes and whether such changes would be triggered by the Tie-antagonist Ang-2. METHODS Immunohistochemical and qPCR analyses to follow islet vascularization and Ang/Tie levels were performed in human pancreatic autopsies and isolated human and mouse islets. The effect of Ang-2 was assessed in β-cell-specific Ang-2 overexpressing mice during high fat diet (HFD) feeding. RESULTS Islet vessel area was increased in autopsy pancreases from patients with T2D. The vessel markers Tie-1, Tie-2 and CD31 were upregulated in mouse islets upon HFD feeding from 8 to 24 weeks. Ang-2 was transiently upregulated in mouse islets at 8 weeks of HFD and under glucolipotoxic conditions (22.2 mM glucose/ 0.5 mM palmitate) in vitro in human and mouse islets, in contrast to its downregulation by cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-ɣ and TNF-α). Ang-1 on the other hand was oppositely regulated, with a significant loss under glucolipotoxic condition, a trend to reduce in islets from patients with T2D and an upregulation by cytokines. Modulation of such changes in Ang-2 by its overexpression or the inhibition of its receptor Tie-2 impaired β-cell function at basal conditions but protected islets from cytokine induced apoptosis. In vivo, β-cell-specific Ang-2 overexpression in mice induced hypervascularization under normal diet but contrastingly led to hypovascularized islets in response to HFD together with increased apoptosis and reduced β-cell mass. CONCLUSIONS Islet hypervascularization occurs in T2D. A balanced expression of the Ang1/Ang2 system is important for islet physiology. Ang-2 prevents β-cell mass and islet vascular adaptation in response to HFD feeding with no major influence on glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Shah
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Navina Lueschen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Division of Transplantation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Johan Olerud
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical cell biology and Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) project partner, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany,* E-mail:
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