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Amroodi MN, Maghsoudloo M, Amiri S, Mokhtari K, Mohseni P, Pourmarjani A, Jamali B, Khosroshahi EM, Asadi S, Tabrizian P, Entezari M, Hashemi M, Wan R. Unraveling the molecular and immunological landscape: Exploring signaling pathways in osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116954. [PMID: 38906027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by compromised bone density and microarchitecture, represents a significant global health challenge, particularly in aging populations. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, providing valuable insights into the pivotal role of signal transduction in maintaining bone homeostasis. The exploration encompasses cellular signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and TGF-β, all of which play crucial roles in bone remodeling. The dysregulation of these pathways is a contributing factor to osteoporosis, necessitating a profound understanding of their complexities to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying bone loss. The review highlights the pathological significance of disrupted signaling in osteoporosis, emphasizing how these deviations impact the functionality of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, ultimately resulting in heightened bone resorption and compromised bone formation. A nuanced analysis of the intricate crosstalk between these pathways is provided to underscore their relevance in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the study addresses some of the most crucial long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with osteoporosis, adding an additional layer of academic depth to the exploration of immune system involvement in various types of osteoporosis. Finally, we propose that SKP1 can serve as a potential biomarker in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Nakhaei Amroodi
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parnaz Mohseni
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Pourmarjani
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behdokht Jamali
- Department of microbiology and genetics, kherad Institute of higher education, Busheher, lran
| | - Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Asadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Tabrizian
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Kuo PJ, Lin YH, Huang YX, Lee SY, Huang HM. Effects of Sapindus mukorossi Seed Oil on Bone Healing Efficiency: An Animal Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6749. [PMID: 38928455 PMCID: PMC11204041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products have attracted great interest in the development of tissue engineering. Recent studies have demonstrated that unsaturated fatty acids found in natural plant seed oil may exhibit positive osteogenic effects; however, few in vivo studies have focused on the use of plant seed oil for bone regeneration. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of seed oil found in Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and bone growth in artificial bone defects in vivo. In this study, Wharton-jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) were co-cultured with S. mukorossi seed oil. Cellular osteogenic capacity was assessed using Alizarin Red S staining. Real-time PCR was carried out to evaluate ALP and OCN gene expression. The potential of S. mukorossi seed oil to enhance bone growth was assessed using an animal model. Four 6 mm circular defects were prepared at the parietal bone of New Zealand white rabbits. The defects were filled with hydrogel and hydrogel-S. mukorossi seed oil, respectively. Quantitative analysis of micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histological images was conducted to compare differences in osteogenesis between oil-treated and untreated samples. Although our results showed no significant differences in viability between WJMSCs treated with and without S. mukorossi seed oil, under osteogenic conditions, S. mukorossi seed oil facilitated an increase in mineralized nodule secretion and upregulated the expression of ALP and OCN genes in the cells (p < 0.05). In the animal study, both micro-CT and histological evaluations revealed that new bone formation in artificial bone defects treated with S. mukorossi seed oil were nearly doubled compared to control defects (p < 0.05) after 4 weeks of healing. Based on these findings, it is reasonable to suggest that S. mukorossi seed oil holds promise as a potential candidate for enhancing bone healing efficiency in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jan Kuo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Xuan Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
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Yao S, Lu H, Zhou T, Jiang Q, Jiang C, Hu W, Li M, Tan CP, Feng Y, Du Q, Shen G, Xiang X, Chen L. Sciadonic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced bone metabolism disorders in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:4490-4502. [PMID: 38566566 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04527g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) has been associated with certain negative bone-related outcomes, such as bone metabolism disruption and bone loss. Sciadonic acid (SC), one of the main nutritional and functional components of Torreya grandis seed oil, is a unique Δ5-unsaturated-polymethylene-interrupted fatty acid (Δ5-UPIFA) that has been claimed to counteract such disorders owing to some of its physiological effects. However, the role of SC in ameliorating bone metabolism disorders due to HFD remains unclear. In the present investigation, we observed that SC modulates the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway by modifying the lipid metabolic state and decreasing inflammation in mice. In turn, it could balance bone resorption and formation as well as calcium and phosphorus levels, enhance bone strength and bone mineral density (BMD), and improve its microstructure. In addition, SC could inhibit fat vacuoles in bone, reverse the phenomenon of reduced numbers and poor continuity of bone trabeculae, and promote orderly arrangement of collagen fibers and cartilage repair. This study provides some theoretical basis for SC as a dietary intervention agent to enhance bone nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Yao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Green, Low-Carbon and Efficient Development of Marine Fishery Resources, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongling Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Tianhuan Zhou
- Zhejiang Forest Resources Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Qihong Jiang
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Chenkai Jiang
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Xujing (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Yongcai Feng
- Xujing (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Qun Du
- Zhejiang Forest Resources Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Xingwei Xiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Green, Low-Carbon and Efficient Development of Marine Fishery Resources, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
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Nesbeth PDC, Ziegler TR, Tripathi AK, Dabeer S, Weiss D, Hao L, Smith MR, Jones DP, Maner-Smith KM, Tu CL, Chang W, Weitzmann MN, Alvarez JA. Linoleic acid blunts early osteoblast differentiation and impairs oxidative phosphorylation in vitro. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 201:102617. [PMID: 38788347 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linoleic acid (LNA), an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), plays a crucial role in cellular functions. However, excessive intake of LNA, characteristic of Western diets, can have detrimental effects on cells and organs. Human observational studies have shown an inverse relationship between plasma LNA concentrations and bone mineral density. The mechanism by which LNA impairs the skeleton is unclear, and there is a paucity of research on the effects of LNA on bone-forming osteoblasts. METHODS The effect of LNA on osteoblast differentiation, cellular bioenergetics, and production of oxidized PUFA metabolites in vitro, was studied using primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursors. RESULTS LNA treatment decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, but had no effect on committed osteoblasts or on mineralization by differentiated osteoblasts. LNA suppressed osteoblast commitment by blunting the expression of Runx2 and Osterix, key transcription factors involved in osteoblast differentiation, and other key osteoblast-related factors involved in bone formation. LNA treatment was associated with increased production of oxidized LNA- and arachidonic acid-derived metabolites and blunted oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased ATP production. CONCLUSION Our results show that LNA inhibited early differentiation of osteoblasts and this inhibitory effect was associated with increased production of oxidized PUFA metabolites that likely impaired energy production via oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula-Dene C Nesbeth
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ashish Kumar Tripathi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sadaf Dabeer
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Li Hao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew R Smith
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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5
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Garemo M, Sundh V, Mellström D, Strandvik B. Serum phospholipid fatty acids are associated with bone mass in healthy 4-years-old children. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 200:102606. [PMID: 38181601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids are involved in bone development but knowledge in children is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate bone mass and mineral density in healthy preschool children in relation to fatty acids. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 111 healthy 4-yrs-old children (20 % overweight) bone was analysed by dual X-ray absorptiometry and serum phospholipid fatty acid by gas chromatography. Fat intake was calculated from 7 days self-reported dietary records and food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Total bone mass content (BMC) and mineral density (BMD) differed by sex in normal weight, but not in overweight children showing generally higher bone mass density than children with normal weight. Linoleic acid intake was strongly correlated to BMC and femoral BMD in normal weight children. Serum concentration of docosahexaenoic acid correlated positively to BMD in all children (p = 0.01), but linoleic and arachidonic acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids showed diverging associations with bone in normal weight and overweight children. CONCLUSION Serum phospholipid DHA was associated with bone density. Other fatty acids associations to bone sites differed in overweight children, analogue to the pattern in healthy 8-yrs-old.The finding need to be confirmed longitudinally and in a larger group of overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Garemo
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Valter Sundh
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- University of Gothenburg, Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Institutet of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Strandvik
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Torrissen M, Ytteborg E, Svensen H, Stoknes I, Nilsson A, Østbye TK, Berge GM, Bou M, Ruyter B. Investigation of the functions of n-3 very-long-chain PUFAs in skin using in vivo Atlantic salmon and in vitro human and fish skin models. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1915-1931. [PMID: 37169355 PMCID: PMC10630148 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary n-3 very-long-chain PUFA (n-3 VLC-PUFA) on the maturation and development of skin tissue in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in vivo, as well as their effects on skin keratocyte and human skin fibroblast cell migration in vitro. Atlantic salmon were fed different dietary levels of n-3 VLC-PUFA from an initial weight of 6 g to a final weight of 11 g. Changes in skin morphology were analysed at two time points during the experiment, and the effects on skin tissue fatty acid composition were determined. Additionally, in vitro experiments using human dermal fibroblasts and primary Atlantic salmon keratocytes were conducted to investigate the effect of VLC-PUFA on the migration capacity of the cells. The results demonstrated that increased dietary levels of n-3 VLC-PUFA led to an increased epidermis thickness and more rapid scale maturation in Atlantic salmon skin in vivo, leading to a more mature skin morphology, and possibly more robust skin, at an earlier life stage. Additionally, human skin fibroblasts and salmon skin keratocytes supplemented with n-3 VLC-PUFA in vitro showed more rapid migration, indicating potentially beneficial effects of VLC-PUFA in wound healing. In conclusion, VLC-PUFA may have beneficial effects on skin tissue development, function and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Torrissen
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
- Epax Norway, 6006Ålesund, Norway
- NMBU (Norwegian University of Life Sciences), 1433Ås, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Ytteborg
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Astrid Nilsson
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
| | - Tone-Kari Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
| | - Gerd Marit Berge
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
| | - Marta Bou
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
- NMBU (Norwegian University of Life Sciences), 1433Ås, Norway
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Kim T, Kim H. Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Management of Bone Loss in Patients with Critical Illness. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1718. [PMID: 38139844 PMCID: PMC10747168 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with critical illnesses are at higher risk of comorbidities, which can include bone mineral density loss, bone turnover marker increase, and fragility fractures. Patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) have a higher risk of bone fractures. Since hypermetabolism is a characteristic of ICU patients, such patients are often rapidly affected by systemic deterioration, which often results in systemic wasting disease. Major risk factors for ICU-related bone loss include physical restraint, inflammation, neuroendocrine stress, malnutrition, and medications. A medical history of critical illness should be acknowledged as a risk factor for impaired bone metabolism. Bone loss associated with ICU admission should be recognized as a key component of post-intensive care syndrome, and further research that focuses on treatment protocols and prevention strategies is required. Studies aimed at maintaining gut integrity have emphasized protein administration and nutrition, while research is ongoing to evaluate the therapeutic benefits of anti-resorptive agents and physical therapy. This review examines both current and innovative clinical strategies that are used for identifying risk factors of bone loss. It provides an overview of perioperative outcomes and discusses the emerging novel treatment modalities. Furthermore, the review presents future directions in the treatment of ICU-related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejin Kim
- Department of Urology, CHA University Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Goyang-si 10414, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong-si 14353, Republic of Korea
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Al-Madhagy S, Ashmawy NS, Mamdouh A, Eldahshan OA, Farag MA. A comprehensive review of the health benefits of flaxseed oil in relation to its chemical composition and comparison with other omega-3-rich oils. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:240. [PMID: 37464425 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L) is an ancient perennial plant species regarded as a multipurpose plant owing to its richness in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including α-linolenic acid (ALA). The extensive biochemical analysis of flaxseed resulted in the identification of its bioactive, i.e., lignans with potential application in the improvement of human health. Flaxseed oil, fibers, and lignans exert potential health benefits including reduction of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, and autoimmune and neurological disorders that have led to the diversification of flaxseed plant applications. This comprehensive review focuses on flaxseed oil as the major product of flaxseed with emphasis on the interrelationship between its chemical composition and biological effects. Effects reviewed include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiulcer, anti-osteoporotic, cardioprotective, metabolic, and neuroprotective. This study provides an overview of flaxseed oil effects with the reported action mechanisms related to its phytochemical composition and in comparison, to other PUFA-rich oils. This study presents the most updated and comprehensive review summarizing flaxseed oil's health benefits for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaia Al-Madhagy
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Naglaa S Ashmawy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ayat Mamdouh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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9
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Matsuzaki K, Hossain S, Wakatsuki H, Tanabe Y, Ohno M, Kato S, Shido O, Hashimoto M. Perilla seed oil improves bone health by inhibiting bone resorption in healthy Japanese adults: A 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36637040 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the beneficial effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on bone mineral density (BMD). However, the effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil (PO), a rich source of α-linoleic acid (LNA), on human bone have not yet been elucidated. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of long-term PO intake on bone health in Japanese adults. After screening for eligibility, 52 participants (mean age 54.2 ± 6.4 years) were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 25) and PO (n = 27) groups, which received 7.0 ml of olive oil and PO daily, respectively. At baseline and 12-month, quantitative ultrasound of the right calcaneus was measured with an ultrasound bone densitometer and percentage of the Young Adult Mean (%YAM) was calculated. Serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were evaluated. In addition, PUFA levels in the erythrocyte plasma membrane (RBC-PM), serum biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) were evaluated. Compared with the placebo group, %YAM levels increased and serum TRACP-5b levels decreased significantly in the PO group at 12-month, while serum BALP levels remained unchanged. Moreover, RBC-PM LNA levels and BAP/d-ROM ratios increased significantly in the PO compared with the placebo group. These results suggest that long-term PO intake may improve age-related BMD decline by suppressing bone resorption and increasing LNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Harumi Wakatsuki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanabe
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Miho Ohno
- Kato Hospital, Jinjukai Healthcare Corporation, Kawamoto, Japan
| | - Setsushi Kato
- Kato Hospital, Jinjukai Healthcare Corporation, Kawamoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
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Becker SL, Humphrey DC, Karriker LA, Brown JT, Skoland KJ, Greiner LL. The effects of dietary essential fatty acid ratios and linoleic acid level in grow-finish pigs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad263. [PMID: 37540487 PMCID: PMC10449407 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary linoleic acid level and the ratio of linoleic acid:linolenic acid (LA:ALA) on the growth performance, expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, and inflammatory status of grow-finish pigs. A total of 300 growing pigs (body weight [BW] = 41.1 ± 6.3 kg) were randomly assigned to either a high (30 g/kg; HLA) or low (15 g/kg; LLA) dietary linoleic acid level with a high (23:1; HR), moderate (13:1; MR) or low (4:1; LR) dietary LA:ALA in a 2 × 3 factorial design. Diets were fed across three 28-d phases and were balanced for dietary metabolizable energy. Pigs were housed five pigs per pen in single-sex pens. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, 42, and 84, and synovial fluid was collected from the hock joint on days 0 and 84 for inflammatory marker analysis. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using PROC MIXED (SAS 9.4) with initial BW as a covariate, pen as the experimental unit, and LA level, LA:ALA, sex, phases, and their interactions as fixed effects. Compared to HLA, LLA pigs tended to have increased BW at days 56 and 84 (P = 0.088). There was no effect of LA × LA:ALA for growth performance. For the overall days 0 to 84 growth period, pigs fed HR had increased ADG compared to MR, with pigs receiving LR performing intermediate of MR and HR. Gilts receiving HR diets had increased day 84 BW compared to gilts receiving the low and moderate LA:ALA (P = 0.006), which was a result of improved overall days 0 to 84 ADG compared to gilts receiving the MR diets (P = 0.023). Barrows fed LR had improved BW on day 56 compared to MR and HR and higher final BW compared to HR, with MR performing intermediately (P = 0.006). This was a result of greater days 0 to 84 ADG (P = 0.023). Overall, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and interleukin-6 were reduced in the plasma of pigs over time (P ≤ 0.037). Across all treatments, CRP and TNFα were reduced in the hock and carpus synovial fluid on day 84 vs. day 0 (P ≤ 0.049). In conclusion, LA:ALA ratios utilized in this study can be fed at varying linoleic acid levels without impacting growth or inflammation. Additionally, LA:ALA ratios can differentially impact the growth of gilts and barrows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spenser L Becker
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dalton C Humphrey
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Locke A Karriker
- Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Justin T Brown
- Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kristin J Skoland
- Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Laura L Greiner
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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11
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Davinelli S, Medoro A, Intrieri M, Saso L, Scapagnini G, Kang JX. Targeting NRF2-KEAP1 axis by Omega-3 fatty acids and their derivatives: Emerging opportunities against aging and diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:736-750. [PMID: 36402440 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 and its endogenous inhibitor KEAP1 play a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis by regulating the gene expression of diverse networks of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification enzymes. Therefore, activation of NRF2 provides cytoprotection against numerous pathologies, including age-related diseases. An age-associated loss of NRF2 function may be a key driving force behind the aging phenotype. Recently, numerous NRF2 inducers have been identified and some of them are promising candidates to restore NRF2 transcriptional activity during aging. Emerging evidence indicates that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their electrophilic derivatives may trigger a protective response via NRF2 activation, rescuing or maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the NRF2-KEAP1 system and its dysregulation in aging cells. We also summarize current studies on the modulatory role of n-3 PUFAs as potential agents to prevent multiple chronic diseases and restore the age-related impairment of NRF2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Adiposity Metabolic Consequences for Adolescent Bone Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163260. [PMID: 36014768 PMCID: PMC9414751 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infancy and adolescence are crucial periods for bone health, since they are characterized by intense physical growth and bone development. The unsatisfactory acquisition of bone mass in this phase has consequences in adult life and increases the risk of developing bone diseases at more advanced ages. Nutrient deficiencies, especially calcium and vitamin D, associated with a sedentary lifestyle; lack of sun exposure; and epigenetic aspects represent some of the main risk factors for poor bone quality. In addition, recent studies relate childhood obesity to impaired bone health; however, studies on the adiposity effects on bone health are scarce and inconclusive. Another gap concerns the implications of obesity on child sexual maturity, which can jeopardize their genetic potential bone mass and increase fracture risk. Therefore, we reviewed the analyzed factors related to bone health and their association with obesity and metabolic syndrome in adolescents. We concluded that obesity (specifically, accumulated visceral fat) harms bones in the infant–juvenile phase, thereby increasing osteopenia/osteoporosis in adults and the elderly. Thus, it becomes evident that forming and maintaining healthy eating habits is necessary during infancy and adolescence to reduce the risk of fractures caused by bone-metabolic diseases in adulthood and to promote healthy ageing.
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13
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Osorio EY, Gugala Z, Patterson GT, Palacios G, Cordova E, Uscanga-Palomeque A, Travi BL, Melby PC. Inflammatory stimuli alter bone marrow composition and compromise bone health in the malnourished host. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846246. [PMID: 35983045 PMCID: PMC9380851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a role in the pathogenesis of childhood malnutrition. We investigated the effect of malnutrition and inflammatory challenge on bone marrow composition and bone health. We studied an established murine model of moderate acute malnutrition at baseline and after acute inflammatory challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a surrogate of Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, or Leishmania donovani, the cause of visceral leishmaniasis. Both of these infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in malnourished children. Of the 2 stimuli, LPS caused more pronounced bone marrow changes that were amplified in malnourished mice. LPS challenge led to increased inflammatory cytokine expression (Il1b, Il6, and Tnf), inflammasome activation, and inflammatory monocyte accumulation in the bone marrow of malnourished mice. Depletion of inflammatory monocytes in Csfr1-LysMcre-DT malnourished mice significantly reduced the inflammasome activation and IL1-ß production after LPS challenge. The inflammatory challenge also led to increased expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone marrow adiposity, and expression of genes (Pparg, Adipoq, and Srbp1) associated with adipogenesis in malnourished mice. This suggests that inflammatory challenge promotes differentiation of BM MSCs toward the adipocyte lineage rather than toward bone-forming osteoblasts in the malnourished host. Concurrent with this reduced osteoblastic potential there was an increase in bone-resorbing osteoclasts, enhanced osteoclast activity, upregulation of inflammatory genes, and IL-1B involved in osteoclast differentiation and activation. The resulting weakened bone formation and increased bone resorption would contribute to the bone fragility associated with malnutrition. Lastly, we evaluated the effect of replacing lipid rich in omega-6 fatty acids (corn oil) with lipid-rich in omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) in the nutrient-deficient diet. LPS-challenged malnourished mice that received dietary fish oil showed decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines and Rankl and reduced osteoclast differentiation and activation in the bone marrow. This work demonstrates that the negative effect of inflammatory challenge on bone marrow is amplified in the malnourished host. Increasing dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids may be a means to reduce inflammation and improve bone health in malnourished children.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Yaneth Osorio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter C. Melby, ; E. Yaneth Osorio,
| | - Zbigniew Gugala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Grace T. Patterson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Genesis Palacios
- Department of Parasitology, Universidad de la Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Erika Cordova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ashanti Uscanga-Palomeque
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Bruno L. Travi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Peter C. Melby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter C. Melby, ; E. Yaneth Osorio,
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14
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Omer M, Ali H, Orlovskaya N, Ballesteros A, Cheong VS, Martyniak K, Wei F, Collins BE, Yarmolenko SN, Asiatico J, Kinzel M, Ngo C, Sankar J, Calder A, Gilbertson T, Meckmongkol T, Ghosh R, Coathup M. Omega-9 Modifies Viscoelasticity and Augments Bone Strength and Architecture in a High-Fat Diet-Fed Murine Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153165. [PMID: 35956341 PMCID: PMC9370223 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of diet on the development of osteoporosis is significant and not fully understood. This study investigated the effect of diets of varying lipid profiles and ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 composition on the structural and mechanical properties of bone. The hypothesis studied was that a diet high in saturated fat would induce osteoporosis and produce an overall increased detrimental bony response when compared with a diet high in unsaturated ω-6, or ω-9. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a control diet, 50:50 mix (saturated:unsaturated) high in ω-9 (HFD50:50), a diet high in saturated fat (HSF) or a polyunsaturated fat diet high in ω-6 (PUFA) over an 8-week duration. Tibiae were retrieved and evaluated using DMA, 3-point-bending, histomorphometry, and microCT. Mice fed a HSF diet displayed key features characteristic of osteoporosis. The loss tangent was significantly increased in the HFD50:50 diet group compared with control (p = 0.016) and PUFA-fed animals (p = 0.049). HFD50:50-fed mice presented with an increased viscous component, longer tibiae, increased loss modulus (p = 0.009), and ultimate stress, smaller microcracks (p < 0.001), and increased trabecular width (p = 0.002) compared with control animals. A diet high in ω-9 resulted in an overall superior bone response and further analysis of its role in bone health is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Omer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (H.A.); (N.O.); (J.A.); (M.K.); (R.G.)
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.B.); (K.M.); (F.W.); (C.N.); (T.M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hessein Ali
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (H.A.); (N.O.); (J.A.); (M.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Nina Orlovskaya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (H.A.); (N.O.); (J.A.); (M.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Amelia Ballesteros
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.B.); (K.M.); (F.W.); (C.N.); (T.M.); (M.C.)
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Vee San Cheong
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;
| | - Kari Martyniak
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.B.); (K.M.); (F.W.); (C.N.); (T.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.B.); (K.M.); (F.W.); (C.N.); (T.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Boyce E. Collins
- Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Biomaterials, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (B.E.C.); (S.N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Sergey N. Yarmolenko
- Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Biomaterials, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (B.E.C.); (S.N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Jackson Asiatico
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (H.A.); (N.O.); (J.A.); (M.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Michael Kinzel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (H.A.); (N.O.); (J.A.); (M.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.B.); (K.M.); (F.W.); (C.N.); (T.M.); (M.C.)
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Jagannathan Sankar
- Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Biomaterials, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (B.E.C.); (S.N.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Ashley Calder
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Timothy Gilbertson
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Teerin Meckmongkol
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.B.); (K.M.); (F.W.); (C.N.); (T.M.); (M.C.)
- Department of General Surgery, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Ranajay Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (H.A.); (N.O.); (J.A.); (M.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.B.); (K.M.); (F.W.); (C.N.); (T.M.); (M.C.)
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.C.); (T.G.)
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15
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The Impact of Hempseed Consumption on Bone Parameters and Body Composition in Growing Female C57BL/6 Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105839. [PMID: 35627377 PMCID: PMC9140819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing peak bone mass is critical to healthy aging. Beyond the established roles of dietary minerals and protein on bone integrity, fatty acids and polyphenols modify bone structure. This study investigated the effect of a diet containing hempseeds (HS), which are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, on bone mineral density, bone cell populations and body composition. Groups (n = 8 each) of female C57BL/6 mice were fed one of three diets (15% HS by weight; 5% HS; 0% HS (control)) from age 5 to 30 weeks. In vivo whole-body composition and bone mineral density and content were measured every 4 weeks using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ex vivo humeri cell populations in the epiphyseal plate region were determined by sectioning the bone longitudinally, mounting the sections on slides and staining with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase stain to identify osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. Mixed models with repeated measures across experimental weeks showed that neither body weight nor body weight gain across weeks differed among groups yet mice fed the 15% HS diet consumed significantly more food and more kilocalories per g body weight gained than those fed the 5% HS and control diets (p < 0.0001). Across weeks, fat mass was significantly higher in the 5% HS versus the control group (p = 0.02). At the end point, whole-body bone mineral content was significantly higher in the control compared to the 5% HS group (p = 0.02). Humeri from both HS groups displayed significantly lower osteoblast densities compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). No relationship was seen between osteoblast density and body composition measurements. These data invite closer examination of bone cell activity and microarchitecture to determine the effect of habitual HS consumption on bone integrity.
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16
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Cifuentes‑Mendiola S, Moreno‑Fierros L, González‑Alva P, García‑Hernández A. Docosahexaenoic acid improves altered mineralization proteins, the decreased quality of hydroxyapatite crystals and suppresses oxidative stress induced by high glucose. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:235. [PMID: 35222712 PMCID: PMC8815046 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) experience an increased risk of fractures and a variety of bone pathologies, such as osteoporosis. The suggested mechanisms of increased fracture risk in DM2 include chronic hyperglycaemia, which provokes oxidative stress, alters bone matrix, and decreases the quality of hydroxyapatite crystals. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, can increase bone formation, reduce bone loss, and it possesses antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to determine the effect of DHA on altered osteoblast mineralisation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by high glucose concentrations. A human osteoblast cell line was treated with 5.5 mM glucose (NG) or 24 mM glucose (HG), alone or in combination with 10 or 20 µM DHA. The collagen type 1 (Col1) scaffold, the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein type-II (BSP-II), the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) specific activity, the mineral quality, the production of ROS and the mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2) were analysed. Osteoblasts cultured in HG and treated with either DHA concentration displayed an improved distribution of the Col1 scaffold, increased OCN and BSP-II expression, increased NRF2 mRNA, decreased ALP activity, carbonate substitution and reduced ROS production compared with osteoblasts cultured in HG alone. DHA counteracts the adverse effects of HG on bone mineral matrix quality and reduces oxidative stress, possibly by increasing the expression of NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Cifuentes‑Mendiola
- Laboratory of Dental Research, Section of Osteoimmunology and Oral Immunology, FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Leticia Moreno‑Fierros
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunity, FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Patricia González‑Alva
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Dentistry Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ana García‑Hernández
- Laboratory of Dental Research, Section of Osteoimmunology and Oral Immunology, FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
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17
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Tang H, Rising HH, Majji M, Brown RD. Long-Term Space Nutrition: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010194. [PMID: 35011072 PMCID: PMC8747021 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to identify current evidence and gaps in the field of long-term space nutrition. Specifically, the review targeted critical nutritional needs during long-term manned missions in outer space in addition to the essential components of a sustainable space nutrition system for meeting these needs. The search phrase "space food and the survival of astronauts in long-term missions" was used to collect the initial 5432 articles from seven Chinese and seven English databases. From these articles, two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts to identify 218 articles for full-text reviews based on three themes and 18 keyword combinations as eligibility criteria. The results suggest that it is possible to address short-term adverse environmental factors and nutritional deficiencies by adopting effective dietary measures, selecting the right types of foods and supplements, and engaging in specific sustainable food production and eating practices. However, to support self-sufficiency during long-term space exploration, the most optimal and sustainable space nutrition systems are likely to be supported primarily by fresh food production, natural unprocessed foods as diets, nutrient recycling of food scraps and cultivation systems, and the establishment of closed-loop biospheres or landscape-based space habitats as long-term life support systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tang
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Hope Hui Rising
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Manoranjan Majji
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Robert D. Brown
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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18
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Galchenko A, Gapparova K, Sidorova E. The influence of vegetarian and vegan diets on the state of bone mineral density in humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:845-861. [PMID: 34723727 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1996330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are so many literatures about vegetarians being less prone to chronic, noninfectious diseases, which are, however, the main cause of the decline in quality of life and mortality in developed countries.However, according to various scientific sources, vegetarian and especially vegan diets often contain less saturated fats, protein, calcium, vitamins D and B12, or long-chain ω-3 PUFAs. One of the most common pathology associated with a predominantly plant diet is osteopenia and osteoporosis. An analysis of 13 studies has shown that vegetarians and vegans are at a higher risk of reducing of bone mineral density, thereby increasing the incidence of fractures.At the same time, plant-based diets are usually richer in many other micronutrients important for bone health: vitamins C and K, carotenoids, potassium, magnesium, manganese, copper, or silicon. Moreover, with the deepening of our knowledge about the role of nutrients in the body and the features of the nutritional status of the population, the quality of vegetarian and vegan diets also increases. They are less and less prone to micronutrient deficiencies. Recent studies show that BMD, as well as the risk of osteoporotic fractures, at least in vegetarians, equaled these indicators in omnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Galchenko
- Department of preventive diet therapy, Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - K Gapparova
- Department of preventive diet therapy, Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E Sidorova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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19
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Proia P, Amato A, Drid P, Korovljev D, Vasto S, Baldassano S. The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Bone Health in Children and Adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:704647. [PMID: 34589054 PMCID: PMC8473684 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.704647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition of the role of diet and physical activity in modulating bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and remodeling, which in turn can impact bone health later in life. Adequate nutrient composition could influence bone health and help to maximize peak bone mass. Therefore, children's nutrition may have lifelong consequences. Also, physical activity, adequate in volume or intensity, may have positive consequences on bone mineral content and density and may preserve bone loss in adulthood. Most of the literature that exists for children, about diet and physical activity on bone health, has been translated from studies conducted in adults. Thus, there are still many unanswered questions about what type of diet and physical activity may positively influence skeletal development. This review focuses on bone requirements in terms of nutrients and physical activity in childhood and adolescence to promote bone health. It explores the contemporary scientific literature that analyzes the impact of diet together with the typology and timing of physical activity that could be more appropriate depending on whether they are children and adolescents to assure an optimal skeleton formation. A description of the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and gut hormones (gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, and GLP-2) as potential candidates in this interaction to promote bone health is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Proia
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Darinka Korovljev
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Baldassano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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20
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Parikh P, Semba R, Manary M, Swaminathan S, Udomkesmalee E, Bos R, Poh BK, Rojroongwasinkul N, Geurts J, Sekartini R, Nga TT. Animal source foods, rich in essential amino acids, are important for linear growth and development of young children in low- and middle-income countries. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2021; 18:e13264. [PMID: 34467645 PMCID: PMC8710096 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth faltering under 5 years of age is unacceptably high worldwide, and even more children, while not stunted, fail to reach their growth potential. The time between conception and 2 years of age is critical for development. The period from 6 to 23 months, when complementary foods are introduced, coincides with a time when growth faltering and delayed neurocognitive developments are most common. Fortunately, this is also the period when diet exercises its greatest influence. Growing up in an adverse environment, with a deficient diet, as typically seen in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), hampers growth and development of children and prevents them from realising their full developmental and economic future potential. Sufficient nutrient availability and utilisation are paramount to a child's growth and development trajectory, especially in the period after breastfeeding. This review highlights the importance of essential amino acids (EAAs) in early life for linear growth and, likely, neurocognitive development. The paper further discusses signalling through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) as one of the main amino acid (AA)‐sensing hubs and the master regulator of both growth and neurocognitive development. Children in LMICs, despite consuming sufficient total protein, do not meet their EAA requirements due to poor diet diversity and low‐quality dietary protein. AA deficiencies in early life can cause reductions in linear growth and cognition. Ensuring AA adequacy in diets, particularly through inclusion of nutrient‐dense animal source foods from 6 to 23 months, is strongly encouraged in LMICs in order to compensate for less than optimal growth during complementary feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Manary
- Department of Paediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sumathi Swaminathan
- St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Rolf Bos
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jan Geurts
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Rini Sekartini
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Indonesia and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tran Thuy Nga
- Department of Occupational and School Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi, Vietnam
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21
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Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Zhou Y, Chen Z. Metabolomic analysis to elucidate the change of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in senescent osteoblasts. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:611-620. [PMID: 33580670 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Senile osteoporosis is a major public health concern, and yet, effective treatment methods do not exist. Herein, we used metabolomics to analyze the change of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in senescent osteoblasts. We found that with an increase in the number of passages, the osteoblasts proliferative ability, alkaline phosphatase activity, and expression levels of bone metabolism genes decreased, the expression levels of aging-related genes increased, the damage caused by oxidative stress became more severe. Furthermore, levels of n-3 PUFA family members were downregulated in passage 10 than in passage 3 osteoblasts. These findings indicated that multiple passages led to more severe oxidative stress damage in senescent osteoblasts, which could be related to a decrease in n-3 PUFA levels. We believe that unsaturated fatty acid metabolism is a key factor involved in osteoblast senescence and that a proper dietary intake of n-3 PUFA may delay the occurrence senile osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mengjun Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Graduation School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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22
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Tencerova M, Ferencakova M, Kassem M. Bone marrow adipose tissue: Role in bone remodeling and energy metabolism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101545. [PMID: 33966979 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has been considered for several decades as a silent bystander that fills empty space left in bone marrow following age-related decrease in hematopoiesis. However, recently new discoveries revealed BMAT as a secretory and metabolically active organ contributing to bone and whole-body energy metabolism. BMAT exhibits metabolic functions distinct from extramedullary adipose depots, relevant to its role in regulation of energy metabolism and its contribution to fracture risk observed in metabolic bone diseases. This review discusses novel insights of BMAT with particular emphasis on its contribution to the regulation of bone homeostasis. We also discuss the role of BMAT in regulation of fuel utilization and energy use that affect skeletal stem cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Ferencakova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Valenti MT, Mattè A, Federti E, Puder M, Anez-Bustillos L, Deiana M, Cheri S, Minoia A, Brugnara C, Di Paolo ML, Dalle Carbonare L, De Franceschi L. Dietary ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Improves Murine Sickle Cell Bone Disease and Reprograms Adipogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050799. [PMID: 34070133 PMCID: PMC8158389 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder of hemoglobin, leading to chronic hemolytic anemia and multiple organ damage. Among chronic organ complications, sickle cell bone disease (SBD) has a very high prevalence, resulting in long-term disability, chronic pain and fractures. Here, we evaluated the effects of ω-3 (fish oil-based, FD)-enriched diet vs. ω-6 (soybean oil-based, SD)- supplementation on murine SBD. We exposed SCD mice to recurrent hypoxia/reoxygenation (rec H/R), a consolidated model for SBD. In rec H/R SS mice, FD improves osteoblastogenesis/osteogenic activity by downregulating osteoclast activity via miR205 down-modulation and reduces both systemic and local inflammation. We also evaluated adipogenesis in both AA and SS mice fed with either SD or FD and exposed to rec H/R. FD reduced and reprogramed adipogenesis from white to brown adipocyte tissue (BAT) in bone compartments. This was supported by increased expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1), a BAT marker, and up-regulation of miR455, which promotes browning of white adipose tissue. Our findings provide new insights on the mechanism of action of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on the pathogenesis of SBD and strengthen the rationale for ω-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation in SCD as a complementary therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37128 Verona, Italy; (M.T.V.); (A.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (L.D.F.)
| | - Alessandro Mattè
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37128 Verona, Italy; (M.T.V.); (A.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (L.D.F.)
| | - Enrica Federti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37128 Verona, Italy; (M.T.V.); (A.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (L.D.F.)
| | - Mark Puder
- Department of Surgery and The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.P.); (L.A.-B.)
| | - Lorenzo Anez-Bustillos
- Department of Surgery and The Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.P.); (L.A.-B.)
| | - Michela Deiana
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37128 Verona, Italy; (M.T.V.); (A.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (L.D.F.)
| | - Samuele Cheri
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37128 Verona, Italy; (M.T.V.); (A.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (L.D.F.)
| | - Arianna Minoia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37128 Verona, Italy; (M.T.V.); (A.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (L.D.F.)
| | - Carlo Brugnara
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | | | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37128 Verona, Italy; (M.T.V.); (A.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (L.D.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-812-4401
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37128 Verona, Italy; (M.T.V.); (A.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (L.D.F.)
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24
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Cugno C, Kizhakayil D, Calzone R, Rahman SM, Halade GV, Rahman MM. Omega-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil supplementation prevents rosiglitazone-induced osteopenia in aging C57BL/6 mice and in vitro studies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10364. [PMID: 33990655 PMCID: PMC8121944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosiglitazone is an effective insulin-sensitizer, however associated with bone loss mainly due to increased bone resorption and bone marrow adiposity. We investigated the effect of the co-administration of fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) on rosiglitazone-induced bone loss in C57BL/6 mice and the mechanisms underlying potential preventive effect. Mice fed the iso-caloric diet supplemented with fish oil exhibited significantly higher levels of bone density in different regions compared to the other groups. In the same cohort of mice, reduced activity of COX-2, enhanced activity of alkaline phosphatase, lower levels of cathepsin k, PPAR-γ, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and a higher level of anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed. Moreover, fish oil restored rosiglitazone-induced down-regulation of osteoblast differentiation and up-regulation of adipocyte differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells and inhibited the up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation of RANKL-treated RAW264.7 cells. We finally tested our hypothesis on human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells differentiated to osteocytes and adipocytes confirming the beneficial effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) omega-3 FA during treatment with rosiglitazone, through the down-regulation of adipogenic genes, such as adipsin and FABP4 along the PPARγ/FABP4 axis, and reducing the capability of osteocytes to switch toward adipogenesis. Fish oil may prevent rosiglitazone-induced bone loss by inhibiting inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and adipogenesis and by enhancing osteogenesis in the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cugno
- Advanced Cell Therapy Core, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Rita Calzone
- Advanced Cell Therapy Core, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Md M Rahman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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25
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Puzio I, Graboś D, Bieńko M, Radzki RP, Nowakiewicz A, Kosior-Korzecka U. Camelina Oil Supplementation Improves Bone Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats. ANIMALS : AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI 2021; 11:ani11051343. [PMID: 34065038 PMCID: PMC8150831 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of administration of Camelina sativa oil (CO) as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on bone parameters in ovariectomized rats (OVX). Overall, 40 10-week-old healthy female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 animals in each. Rats in the control group (SHO) were subjected to a sham operation, whereas experimental rats (OVX) were ovariectomized. After a 7-day recovery period, the SHO the rats received orally 1 mL of physiological saline for the next 6 weeks. The OVX rats received orally 1 mL of physiological saline (OVX-PhS), 5 g/kg BW (OVX-CO5), or 9 g/kg BW (OVX-CO9) of camelina oil. The use of camelina oil had a significant effect on body weight, lean mass, and fat mass. The camelina oil administration suppressed the decrease in the values of some densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical parameters of femur caused by estrogen deficiency. The CO treatment increased significantly the serum level of osteocalcin and decreased the serum level of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in the OVX rats. In conclusion, camelina oil exerts a positive osteotropic effect by inhibiting ovariectomy-induced adverse changes in bones. Camelina oil supplementation can be used as an efficient method for improving bone health in a disturbed state. However, further research must be carried out on other animal species supplemented with the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Puzio
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.G.); (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Graboś
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.G.); (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Marek Bieńko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.G.); (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Radosław P. Radzki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.G.); (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Urszula Kosior-Korzecka
- Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (U.K.-K.)
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26
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Effect of n-3 PUFA on extracellular matrix protein turnover in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rheumatol Int 2021; 41:1065-1077. [PMID: 33885930 PMCID: PMC8079340 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by involvement of skin, axial and peripheral skeleton. An altered balance between extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and breakdown is a key event in PsA, and changes in ECM protein metabolites may provide insight to tissue changes. Dietary fish oils (n-3 PUFA) might affect the inflammation driven tissue turnover. The aim was to evaluate ECM metabolites in patients with PsA compared to healthy individuals and investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA. The 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of PUFA included 142 patients with PsA. Fifty-seven healthy individuals were included for comparison. This study is a sub-study investigating biomarkers of tissue remodelling as secondary outcomes. Serum samples at baseline and 24 weeks and healthy individuals were obtained, while a panel of ECM metabolites reflecting bone and soft tissue turnover were measured by ELISAs: PRO-C1, PRO-C3, PRO-C4, C1M, C3M, C4M, CTX-I and Osteocalcin (OC). C1M, PRO-C3, PRO-C4 and C4M was found to be elevated in PsA patients compared to the healthy individuals (from 56 to 792%, all p < 0.0001), where no differences were found for OC, CTX-I, PRO-C1 and C3M. PRO-C3 was increased by 7% in patients receiving n-3 PUFA after 24 weeks compared to baseline levels (p = 0.002). None of the other biomarkers was changed with n-3 PUFA treatment. This indicates that tissue turnover is increased in PsA patients compared to healthy individuals, while n-3 PUFA treatment for 24 weeks did not have an effect on tissue turnover. Trial registration NCT01818804. Registered 27 March 2013–Completed 18 February 2016. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01818804?term=NCT01818804&rank=1
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27
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Martyniak K, Wei F, Ballesteros A, Meckmongkol T, Calder A, Gilbertson T, Orlovskaya N, Coathup MJ. Do polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against bone loss in our aging and osteoporotic population? Bone 2021; 143:115736. [PMID: 33171312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is inevitable in both men and women and there will soon be more people of extreme old age than ever before. Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease and as the proportion of older people, rate of obesity and the length of life increases, a rise in age-related degenerating bone diseases, disability, and prolonged dependency is projected. Fragility fractures are one of the most severe complications associated with both primary and secondary osteoporosis and current treatment strategies target weight-bearing exercise and pharmacological intervention, both with limited long-term success. Obesity and osteoporosis are intimately interrelated, and diet is a variable that plays a significant role in bone regeneration and repair. The Western Diet is characterized by its unhealthy components, specifically excess amounts of saturated fat intake. This review examines the impact of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption on chronic inflammation, osteogenesis, bone architecture, and strength and explores the hypothesis that dietary polyunsaturated fats have a beneficial effect on osteogenesis, reducing bone loss by decreasing chronic inflammation, and activating bone resorption through key cellular and molecular mechanisms in our aging population. We conclude that aging, obesity and a diet high in saturated fatty acids significantly impairs bone regeneration and repair and that consumption of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with significantly increased bone regeneration, improved microarchitecture and structural strength. However, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were typically pro-inflammatory and have been associated with an increased fracture risk. This review suggests a potential role for ω-3 fatty acids as a non-pharmacological dietary method of reducing bone loss in our aging population. We also conclude that contemporary amendments to the formal nutritional recommendations made by the Food and Nutrition Board may be necessary such that our aging population is directly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Martyniak
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Amelia Ballesteros
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Teerin Meckmongkol
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of General Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ashley Calder
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Timothy Gilbertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Nina Orlovskaya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
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28
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Adeyemi WJ, Lawal SI, Olatunji DB, Daoudu KT, Ogunlowo OT, Olayaki LA. Omega 3 fatty acids favour lipid and bone metabolism in orchidectomised rats. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Skiba G, Raj S, Sobol M, Czauderna M, Kowalczyk P, Grela ER. Effects of Fish Oil and Dietary Antioxidant Supplementation on Bone Health of Growing Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010230. [PMID: 33477694 PMCID: PMC7831944 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current study investigated the bone status of growing lambs fed diets supplemented with bioactive components (fish oil, carnosic acid, SeY, and Na2SeO3) improving bone parameters. The study provides new information with regards to the positive role of bioactive components supplemented to diets for growing lambs on their femur characteristics (bone content, bone mineral density, geometry, and strength). Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of partial replacement of rapeseed oil (RO) with fish oil (FO) combined with dietary supplementation of various antioxidants on the characteristics of lamb femur. Thirty male lambs were assigned to five dietary treatments and fed isoproteinous and isoenergetic diets for 35 days. The control diet was enriched with 3.0% RO, while the experimental diets were enriched either only with 2.0% RO and 1.0% FO or additionally with 0.1% carnosic acid, 0.1% carnosic acid and 0.35 ppm Se as selenized yeast, or 0.1% carnosic acid and 0.35 ppm Se as sodium selenite. After 35 days, the lambs were slaughtered, and the femur was dissected from the carcass of each animal and analyzed for morphometric, geometric, densitometric, and biomechanical properties. The dietary modifications, specifically the supplementation of FO and selenized yeast, significantly improved the geometric, densitometric, and biomechanical properties of lamb femur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Skiba
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stanisława Raj
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (P.K.)
| | - Monika Sobol
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (P.K.)
| | - Marian Czauderna
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (P.K.)
| | - Eugeniusz R. Grela
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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30
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Little-Letsinger SE, Turner ND, Ford JR, Suva LJ, Bloomfield SA. Omega-3 fatty acid modulation of serum and osteocyte tumor necrosis factor-α in adult mice exposed to ionizing radiation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:627-639. [PMID: 33411639 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00848.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation leads to bone loss and fragility. Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) consistently promote bone resorption. Dietary modulation of proinflammatory cytokines is an accepted therapeutic approach to treat chronic inflammation, including that induced by space-relevant radiation exposure. As such, these studies were designed to determine whether an anti-inflammatory diet, high in omega-3 fatty acids, could reduce radiation-mediated bone damage via reductions in the levels of inflammatory cytokines in osteocytes and serum. Lgr5-EGFP C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive diets containing fish oil and pectin (FOP; high in omega-3 fatty acids) or corn oil and cellulose (COC; high in omega-6 fatty acids) and then acutely exposed to 0.5-Gy 56Fe or 2.0-Gy gamma-radiation. Mice fed the FOP diet exhibited consistent reductions in serum TNF-α in the 56Fe experiment but not the gamma-experiment. The percentage osteocytes (%Ot) positive for TNF-α increased in gamma-exposed COC, but not FOP, mice. Minimal changes in %Ot positive for sclerostin were observed. FOP mice exhibited modest improvements in several measures of cancellous microarchitecture and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) postexposure to 56Fe and gamma-radiation. Reduced serum TNF-α in FOP mice exposed to 56Fe was associated with either neutral or modestly positive changes in bone structural integrity. Collectively, these data are generally consistent with previous findings that dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids may effectively mitigate systemic inflammation after acute radiation exposure and facilitate maintenance of BMD during spaceflight in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first investigation, to our knowledge, to test the impact of a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids on multiple bone structural and biological outcomes following space-relevant radiation exposure. Novel in biological outcomes is the assessment of osteocyte responses to this stressor. These data also add to the growing evidence that low-dose exposures to even high-energy ion species like 56Fe may have neutral or even small positive impacts on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy D Turner
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - John R Ford
- Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Larry J Suva
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Susan A Bloomfield
- Departments of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Elkhoury K, Sanchez-Gonzalez L, Lavrador P, Almeida R, Gaspar V, Kahn C, Cleymand F, Arab-Tehrany E, Mano JF. Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Nanocomposite Hydrogels Embedding Bioactive Naringin Liposomes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122944. [PMID: 33317207 PMCID: PMC7764353 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of nanocomposite hydrogels that take advantage of hierarchic building blocks is gaining increased attention due to their added functionality and numerous biomedical applications. Gathering on the unique properties of these platforms, herein we report the synthesis of bioactive nanocomposite hydrogels comprising naringin-loaded salmon-derived lecithin nanosized liposomal building blocks and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) macro-sized hydrogels for their embedding. This platform takes advantage of liposomes’ significant drug loading capacity and their role in hydrogel network reinforcement, as well as of the injectability and light-mediated crosslinking of bioderived gelatin-based biomaterials. First, the physicochemical properties, as well as the encapsulation efficiency, release profile, and cytotoxicity of naringin-loaded nanoliposomes (LipoN) were characterized. Then, the effect of embedding LipoN in the GelMA matrix were characterized by studying the release behavior, swelling ratio, and hydrophilic character, as well as the rheological and mechanical properties of GelMA and GelMA-LipoN functionalized hydrogels. Finally, the dispersion of nanoliposomes encapsulating a model fluorescent probe in the GelMA matrix was visualized. The formulation of naringin-loaded liposomes via an optimized procedure yielded nanosized (114 nm) negatively charged particles with a high encapsulation efficiency (~99%). Naringin-loaded nanoliposomes administration to human adipose-derived stem cells confirmed their suitable cytocompatibility. Moreover, in addition to significantly extending the release of naringin from the hydrogel, the nanoliposomes inclusion in the GelMA matrix significantly increased its elastic and compressive moduli and decreased its swelling ratio, while showing an excellent dispersion in the hydrogel network. Overall, salmon-derived nanoliposomes enabled the inclusion and controlled release of pro-osteogenic bioactive molecules, as well as improved the hydrogel matrix properties, which suggests that these soft nanoparticles can play an important role in bioengineering bioactive nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Elkhoury
- LIBio, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (K.E.); (L.S.-G.); (C.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.L.); (R.A.); (V.G.)
| | | | - Pedro Lavrador
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.L.); (R.A.); (V.G.)
| | - Rui Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.L.); (R.A.); (V.G.)
| | - Vítor Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.L.); (R.A.); (V.G.)
| | - Cyril Kahn
- LIBio, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (K.E.); (L.S.-G.); (C.K.)
| | - Franck Cleymand
- Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Elmira Arab-Tehrany
- LIBio, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (K.E.); (L.S.-G.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.A.-T.); (J.F.M.)
| | - João F. Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.L.); (R.A.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence: (E.A.-T.); (J.F.M.)
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32
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Tanideh R, Delavari S, Farshad O, Irajie C, Javad Yavari Barhaghtalab M, Koohpeyma F, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Jamshidzadeh A, Tanideh N, Iraji A. Effect of flaxseed oil on biochemical parameters, hormonal indexes and stereological changes in ovariectomized rats. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:521-533. [PMID: 33103380 PMCID: PMC8025639 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovariectomized rat is a widely used preclinical model for studying postmenopausal and its complications. In this study, the therapeutic effect of flaxseed oil on the ovariectomized adult rats was investigated. Our results showed that biochemical parameters including calcium, oestrogen and progesterone levels increase 8 weeks after ovariectomy in rats. Also, the amount of alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly after 8 weeks compared with the OVX rat. The healing potential of flaxseed oil was proven by successfully recovering the affected tissue and preventing the unpleasant symptoms of ovariectomized rats. The biological effects of flaxseed oil may be due to high amounts of fatty acids, phytoestrogens and an array of antioxidants. The results suggest that flaxseed oil can mimic the action of oestrogen and can be a potential treatment for hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Tanideh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Delavari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cambyz Irajie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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33
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Sharma T, Mandal CC. Omega-3 fatty acids in pathological calcification and bone health. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13333. [PMID: 32548903 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3FAs) such as Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), are active ingredient of fish oil, which have larger health benefits against various diseases including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, cancers and bone diseases. Substantial studies documented a preventive role of omega-3 fatty acids in pathological calcification like vascular calcification and microcalcification in cancer tissues. In parallel, these fatty acids improve bone quality probably by preventing bone decay and augmenting bone mineralization. This study also addresses that the functions of ω-3FAs not only depend on tissue types, but also work through different molecular mechanisms for preventing pathological calcification in various tissues and improving bone health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Practical applications of the current study are to improve the knowledge about the supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids. This study infers that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids aids in bone preservation in elder females at the risk of osteoporosis and also, on the contrary, omega-3 fatty acids interfere with pathological calcification of vascular cells and cancer cells. Omega-3 supplementation should be given to the cardiac patients because of its cardio protective role. In line with this, omega-3 supplementation should be included with chemotherapy for cancer patients as it can prevent osteoblastic potential of breast cancer patients, responsible for pathological mineralization, and blocks off target toxicities. Administration of omega-3 fatty acid with chemotherapy will not only improve survival of cancer patients, but also improve the bone quality. Thus, this study allows a better understanding on omega-3 fatty acids in combating pathological complications such as osteoporosis, vascular calcification, and breast microcalcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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34
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Güz BC, Molenaar R, de Jong IC, Kemp B, van den Brand H, van Krimpen M. Effects of dietary organic minerals, fish oil, and hydrolyzed collagen on growth performance and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6552-6563. [PMID: 31392338 PMCID: PMC6870562 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is a crucial factor for growth and bone development in broiler chickens. Adjustments in dietary ingredients might affect bone development and consequently locomotion related problems. This study was designed to evaluate effects of dietary organic minerals (ORM), fish oil (FISH), and hydrolyzed collagen (COL) on growth performance and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of three hundred eighty four 1-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were used in a complete randomized block design with 4 diet groups and 8 replicates per diet group. In the ORM diet, the inorganic macro and trace minerals were replaced by their organic varieties. In the FISH diet, palm oil and soybean oil were partly replaced by FISH. In the COL diet, soybean meal was partly replaced by COL. Results showed that the ORM and COL diet groups reached a higher body weight (BW) at 42 D of age than the FISH diet group, whereas the control group was in between. The feed conversion ratio between day 1 and 42 was lower in the ORM and COL diet groups than in both other diet groups. On day 28, 35, and 42, gait score (GS), Varus Valgus deformity, tibia length (TL), thickness, femoral and metatarsal head thickness (THT), mineral content (TMC), mineral density (TMD), breaking strength (TBS), stiffness (TSF), and energy to fracture (TEF) were measured (n = 3/replicate). The ORM diet group had higher TL at day 42, higher THT at day 28, higher TMC at day 42, higher TMD at day 28, 35, and 42, higher TBS at day 42, higher TSF at day 35 and 42, and higher TEF at day 42 compared to the FISH diet group, with the COL and control diet groups in between. It can be concluded that replacing dietary inorganic macro and trace minerals by their organic varieties seems to stimulate tibia dimensions, strength, and mineral content of broiler chickens. On the contrary, FISH appears to negatively affect tibia characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Güz
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - R Molenaar
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - I C de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - M van Krimpen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
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35
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Fintini D, Cianfarani S, Cofini M, Andreoletti A, Ubertini GM, Cappa M, Manco M. The Bones of Children With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:200. [PMID: 32390939 PMCID: PMC7193990 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess adiposity in childhood may affect bone development, ultimately leading to bone frailty. Previous reports showing an increased rate of extremity fractures in children with obesity support this fear. On the other hand, there is also evidence suggesting that bone mineral content is higher in obese children than in normal weight peers. Both adipocytes and osteoblasts derive from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and obesity drives the differentiation of MSCs toward adipocytes at the expense of osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, adipocytes in bone marrow microenvironment release a number of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules that up-regulate formation and activation of osteoclasts, thus favoring bone frailty. On the other hand, body adiposity represents a mechanical load, which is beneficial for bone accrual. In this frame, bone quality, and structure result from the balance of inflammatory and mechanical stimuli. Diet, physical activity and the hormonal milieu at puberty play a pivotal role on this balance. In this review, we will address the question whether the bone of obese children and adolescents is unhealthy in comparison with normal-weight peers and discuss mechanisms underlying the differences in bone quality and structure. We anticipate that many biases and confounders affect the clinical studies conducted so far and preclude us from achieving robust conclusions. Sample-size, lack of adequate controls, heterogeneity of study designs are the major drawbacks of the existing reports. Due to the increased body size of children with obesity, dual energy absorptiometry might overestimate bone mineral density in these individuals. Magnetic resonance imaging, peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT) scanning and high-resolution pQCT are promising techniques for the accurate estimate of bone mineral content in obese children. Moreover, no longitudinal study on the risk of incident osteoporosis in early adulthood of children and adolescents with obesity is available. Finally, we will address emerging dietary issues (i.e., the likely benefits for the bone health of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols) since an healthy diet (i.e., the Mediterranean diet) with balanced intake of certain nutrients associated with physical activity remain the cornerstones for achieving an adequate bone accrual in young individuals regardless of their adiposity degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Fintini
- Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric University Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Danilo Fintini
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Diabetes and Growth Disorders Unit, Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Cofini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Andreoletti
- Pediatric Resident, Pediatric Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Ubertini
- Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric University Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric University Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Melania Manco
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36
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Benova A, Tencerova M. Obesity-Induced Changes in Bone Marrow Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:294. [PMID: 32477271 PMCID: PMC7235195 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation, which is accompanied by increased accumulation of immune cells in peripheral tissues including adipose tissue (AT), skeletal muscle, liver and pancreas, thereby impairing their primary metabolic functions in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Obesity has also shown to have a detrimental effect on bone homeostasis by altering bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and thus impairing bone integrity and immune cell properties. The origin of immune cells arises in the bone marrow, which has been shown to be affected with the obesogenic condition via increased cellularity and shifting differentiation and function of hematopoietic and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in favor of myeloid progenitors and increased bone marrow adiposity. These obesity-induced changes in the bone marrow microenvironment lead to dramatic bone marrow remodeling and compromising immune cell functions, which in turn affect systemic inflammatory conditions and regulation of whole-body metabolism. However, there is limited information on the inflammatory secretory factors creating the bone marrow microenvironment and how these factors changed during metabolic complications. This review summarizes recent findings on inflammatory and cellular changes in the bone marrow in relation to obesity and further discuss whether dietary intervention or physical activity may have beneficial effects on the bone marrow microenvironment and whole-body metabolism.
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Alekos NS, Moorer MC, Riddle RC. Dual Effects of Lipid Metabolism on Osteoblast Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:578194. [PMID: 33071983 PMCID: PMC7538543 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.578194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a dynamic and metabolically active organ with the capacity to influence whole body metabolism. This newly recognized function has propagated interest in the connection between bone health and metabolic dysfunction. Osteoblasts, the specialized mesenchymal cells responsible for the production of bone matrix and mineralization, rely on multiple fuel sources. The utilization of glucose by osteoblasts has long been a focus of research, however, lipids and their derivatives, are increasingly recognized as a vital energy source. Osteoblasts possess the necessary receptors and catabolic enzymes for internalization and utilization of circulating lipids. Disruption of these processes can impair osteoblast function, resulting in skeletal deficits while simultaneously altering whole body lipid homeostasis. This article provides an overview of the metabolism of postprandial and stored lipids and the osteoblast's ability to acquire and utilize these molecules. We focus on the requirement for fatty acid oxidation and the pathways regulating this function as well as the negative impact of dyslipidemia on the osteoblast and skeletal health. These findings provide key insights into the nuances of lipid metabolism in influencing skeletal homeostasis which are critical to appreciate the extent of the osteoblast's role in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie S. Alekos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Megan C. Moorer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ryan C. Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Ryan C. Riddle
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38
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Bao M, Zhang K, Wei Y, Hua W, Gao Y, Li X, Ye L. Therapeutic potentials and modulatory mechanisms of fatty acids in bone. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12735. [PMID: 31797479 PMCID: PMC7046483 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is a lifelong process that includes bone formation and resorption. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the predominant cell types associated with bone metabolism, which is facilitated by other cells such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), osteocytes and chondrocytes. As an important component in our daily diet, fatty acids are mainly categorized as long‐chain fatty acids including polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs), saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs), medium‐/short‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs/SCFAs) as well as their metabolites. Fatty acids are closely associated with bone metabolism and associated bone disorders. In this review, we summarized the important roles and potential therapeutic implications of fatty acids in multiple bone disorders, reviewed the diverse range of critical effects displayed by fatty acids on bone metabolism, and elucidated their modulatory roles and mechanisms on specific bone cell types. The evidence supporting close implications of fatty acids in bone metabolism and disorders suggests fatty acids as potential therapeutic and nutritional agents for the treatment and prevention of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyini Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanzi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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39
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Adeyemi WJ, Olayaki LA, Abdussalam TA, Fabiyi TO, Raji TL, Adetunji AAR. Co-administration of omega-3 fatty acids and metformin showed more desirable effects than the single therapy on indices of bone mineralisation but not gluco-regulatory and antioxidant markers in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109631. [PMID: 31715372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although metformin (Met) is the most recommended anti-diabetogenic drug in type 2 diabetic state, the drug is known to compromise bone integrity. Like metformin, omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) have gluco-regulatory action; however, it aids bone health. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of ω-3 and/or metformin in diabetic rats. Fifty rats of ten animals per group were divided into the following: Control; Diabetic untreated; Diabetic + ω-3; Diabetic + metformin (metfm) and Diabetic + ω-3 + metf groups. Diabetes was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg b.w., i.p.), 15 min after the administration of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg b.w., i.p.). Five days afterwards, treatments started and they lasted for 28 days. ω-3 and metformin were administered at 200 and 180 mg/kg b.w., p.o. respectively. The results showed that the induced diabetes was characterised by significant increases in calcium to phosphorus ratio, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), glucose and insulin resistance; but significant decreases in parathyroid hormone(PTH), phosphorus, TAC and hepatic glycogen. Relative to the diabetic control, treatments with ω-3 or metformin caused significant elevations in hepatic glycogen, total alkaline phosphatase (TALP), osteocalcin, PTH, estradiol, and calcium; however, significant decreases in TRAP and glucose. Co-administration of ω-3 and metformin caused more desirable effects on TALP, c-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen, estradiol and calcium to phosphorus ratio compared to the single administration. Relative to ω-3, melatonin showed a more favourable effect on calcium to phosphorus ratio; however, the former proved to have more desirable actions on insulin and TAC. Hence, it was concluded that the combined but not the single administration of ω-3 and metformin could be preferably used in the management of bone health in diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tahir Ahmad Abdussalam
- Anatomy and Physiology Department, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
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41
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Moreau GB, Ramakrishnan G, Cook HL, Fox TE, Nayak U, Ma JZ, Colgate ER, Kirkpatrick BD, Haque R, Petri WA. Childhood growth and neurocognition are associated with distinct sets of metabolites. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:597-606. [PMID: 31133540 PMCID: PMC6604877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undernutrition is a serious global problem that contributes to increased child morbidity and mortality, impaired neurocognitive development, and decreased educational and economic attainment. Current interventions are only marginally effective, and identification of associated metabolic pathways can offer new strategies for intervention. METHODS Plasma samples were collected at 9 and 36 months from a subset of the PROVIDE child cohort (n = 130). Targeted metabolomics was performed on bile acids, acylcarnitines, amino acids, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins. Metabolic associations with linear growth and neurocognitive outcomes at four years were evaluated using correlation and penalized-linear regression analysis as well as conditional random forest modeling. FINDINGS Different metabolites were associated with growth and neurocognitive outcomes. Improved growth outcomes were associated with higher concentrations of hydroxy-sphingomyelin and essential amino acids and lower levels of acylcarnitines and bile acid conjugation. Neurocognitive scores were largely associated with phosphatidylcholine species and early metabolic indicators of inflammation. All metabolites identified explain ~45% of growth and neurocognitive variation. INTERPRETATION Growth outcomes were predominantly associated with metabolites measured early in life (9 months), many of which were biomarkers of insufficient diet, environmental enteric dysfunction, and microbiome disruption. Hydroxy-sphingomyelin was a significant predictor of improved growth. Neurocognitive outcome was predominantly associated with 36 month phosphatidylcholines and inflammatory metabolites, which may serve as important biomarkers of optimal neurodevelopment. The distinct sets of metabolites associated with growth and neurocognition suggest that intervention may require targeted approaches towards distinct metabolic pathways. FUND: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OP1173478); National Institutes of Health (AI043596, CA044579).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brett Moreau
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Girija Ramakrishnan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Heather L Cook
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Uma Nayak
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jennie Z Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - E Ross Colgate
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - William A Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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42
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Riera-Heredia N, Lutfi E, Gutiérrez J, Navarro I, Capilla E. Fatty acids from fish or vegetable oils promote the adipogenic fate of mesenchymal stem cells derived from gilthead sea bream bone potentially through different pathways. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215926. [PMID: 31017945 PMCID: PMC6481918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish are rich in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, thus they have a great nutritional value for human health. In this study, the adipogenic potential of fatty acids commonly found in fish oil (EPA and DHA) and vegetable oils (linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic (ALA) acids), was evaluated in bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from gilthead sea bream. At a morphological level, cells adopted a round shape upon all treatments, losing their fibroblastic form and increasing lipid accumulation, especially in the presence of the n-6 PUFA, LA. The mRNA levels of the key transcription factor of osteogenesis, runx2 significantly diminished and those of relevant osteogenic genes remained stable after incubation with all fatty acids, suggesting that the osteogenic process might be compromised. On the other hand, transcript levels of the main adipogenesis-inducer factor, pparg increased in response to EPA. Nevertheless, the specific PPARγ antagonist T0070907 appeared to suppress the effects being caused by EPA over adipogenesis. Moreover, LA, ALA and their combinations, significantly up-regulated the fatty acid transporter and binding protein, fatp1 and fabp11, supporting the elevated lipid content found in the cells treated with those fatty acids. Overall, this study has demonstrated that fatty acids favor lipid storage in gilthead sea bream bone-derived MSCs inducing their fate into the adipogenic versus the osteogenic lineage. This process seems to be promoted via different pathways depending on the fatty acid source, being vegetable oils-derived fatty acids more prone to induce unhealthier metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Riera-Heredia
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmail Lutfi
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Burrow K, Young W, Carne A, McConnell M, Hammer N, Scholze M, Bekhit AED. Consumption of sheep milk compared to cow milk can affect trabecular bone ultrastructure in a rat model. Food Funct 2019; 10:163-171. [PMID: 30516196 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01598h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cow milk has a positive effect on bone health due to the effects of its protein, fat, lipid, vitamin, and mineral components. Sheep milk contains a unique composition of all of these components. However, to the best of our knowledge the benefits of sheep milk in relation to bone development have not been studied. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the consumption of sheep milk in comparison to cow milk on the structural and physical characteristics of growing bone in a rat model. Newly weaned male rats were fed either cow milk, sheep milk or sheep milk diluted to the same total solids content as cow milk for 28 days in addition to a basal chow. At the end of the feeding period animals were euthanized, the femora harvested and stored. The femora were analysed by μ-CT, mechanical bending tests, and ICP-MS. Rats consuming sheep milk in the trial were found to have significantly higher trabecular bone surface density and trabecular bone surface to volume ratio (p < 0.05) when compared to the rats consuming cow milk. No significant differences were observed in the mechanical properties and the mineral composition of the bones (p > 0.05). With the exception of Rb, which was found to be present in higher concentrations in rats consuming sheep milk (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that consumption of sheep milk may positively influence the structural integrity of bone, which may result in an enhancement of bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Burrow
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Harasymowicz NS, Dicks A, Wu CL, Guilak F. Physiologic and pathologic effects of dietary free fatty acids on cells of the joint. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1440:36-53. [PMID: 30648276 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are potent organic compounds that not only can be used as an energy source during nutrient deprivation but are also involved in several essential signaling cascades in cells. Therefore, a balanced intake of different dietary FAs is critical for the maintenance of cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. A diet with an imbalanced fat composition creates a risk for developing metabolic syndrome and various musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge and mechanistic insights regarding the role of dietary FAs, such as saturated FAs, omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), and omega-3 PUFAs on joint inflammation and OA pathogeneses. In particular, we review how different types of dietary FAs and their derivatives distinctly affect a variety of cells within the joint, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and synoviocytes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of FAs on metabolic behavior, anabolic, and catabolic processes, as well as the inflammatory response of joint cells, may help identify therapeutic targets for the prevention of metabolic joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Harasymowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amanda Dicks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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45
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Elbahnasawy AS, Valeeva ER, El-Sayed EM, Stepanova NV. Protective effect of dietary oils containing omega-3 fatty acids against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2019.52.4.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Samir Elbahnasawy
- Department of Bioecology, Hygiene and public health, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420012, Russia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Emiliya Ramzievna Valeeva
- Department of Bioecology, Hygiene and public health, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - Eman Mustafa El-Sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Natalya Vladimirovna Stepanova
- Department of Bioecology, Hygiene and public health, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420012, Russia
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Tsuji T, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Miyamoto T, Yagi M, Fujita N, Okada E, Nagoshi N, Tsuji O, Watanabe K. Metabolite profiling of plasma in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. J Orthop Sci 2018; 23:878-883. [PMID: 30075996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics is one of the "omics" technologies, and is a comprehensive analysis of small molecule metabolites which include amino acid, nucleotides, carbohydrates and fatty acid. The purpose of the present study was to compare the differences of metabolite profiling between patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and control subjects. METHODS We analyzed plasma metabolites in patients with cervical OPLL (n = 10) and in control subjects (n = 10). Ionic metabolites were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS) and lipophilic metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatograph time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS). RESULTS A total of 259 metabolites (144 metabolites in CE-TOFMS and 115 metabolites in LC-TOFMS) were detected. Among the 259 metabolites, six metabolites, namely acylcarnitine (AC) (14:0), palmitoylcarnitine, AC (18:2), fatty acid (FA) (24:2), thyroxine, thiaproline were significantly larger in OPLL group, even in analyzes excluding patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSIONS We examined the metabolite profiling in patients with OPLL for the first time and detected six metabolites showing suggestive association with disease. These results of the present study could lead to new insights into clarifying the molecular pathomechanisms of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsuji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan.
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eijiro Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Osahiko Tsuji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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47
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Maternal omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on offspring hip joint conformation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202157. [PMID: 30092106 PMCID: PMC6084972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), when fed to dogs improves cognitive and neurological development. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids such as DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has also been associated with lipid peroxidation, which in turn has been implicated in reduced body weight and altered bone formation. To assess the impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on skeletal growth, diets containing three levels of DHA and EPA (0.01 and 0.01%, 0.14 and 0.12%, and 0.21 and 0.18%, respectively) were fed to bitches during gestation and lactation with puppies also supplemented through weaning. Thus, the subjects studied were the puppies supplemented with DHA and EPA through gestation and early postnatal life. The hip joint conformation of the puppies (n = 676) was recorded at adulthood using two radiographic, non-invasive evaluations. In this population, females had higher hip distraction indices (DI) than males. Males from the lower two levels of DHA and EPA supplementation had significantly smaller hip DI than all females and males from the highest DHA and EPA supplementation. In contrast, there were no diet effects on anatomical indicators of hip joint conformation and no visible arthritic changes. These data suggest that dietary supplementation of DHA and EPA during gestation and the perinatal period to weaning does not adversely influence hip joint formation of dogs.
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Donlon CM, LeBoff MS, Chou SH, Cook NR, Copeland T, Buring JE, Bubes V, Kotler G, Manson JE. Baseline characteristics of participants in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Effects on Bone Structure and Architecture. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 67:56-67. [PMID: 29408561 PMCID: PMC5877816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D supplements are often used to benefit skeletal health, although data on effects of daily high-dose vitamin D alone on bone density and structure are lacking. The ongoing VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial testing effects of high-dose supplemental vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol; 2000 IU/day) and/or omega-3 fatty acids (FAs; 1 g/day) for the primary prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. The study has a mean treatment period of 5 years among 25,874 U.S. men ≥50 years and women ≥55 years old from all 50 states. The ancillary study, VITAL: Effects on Bone Structure and Architecture, is testing effects of vitamin D3 and/or omega-3 FAs on musculoskeletal outcomes and body composition in a subcohort of 771 participants. At in-person visits at the Harvard Catalyst Clinical and Translational Science Center (CTSC), participants completed bone density/architecture, body composition, and physical performance assessments at baseline and two-year follow-up. Baseline characteristics were evenly distributed among treatment groups, suggesting that any uninvestigated confounders will be evenly distributed; sex differences were also analyzed. Future analyses of the two-year follow-up visits will elucidate whether daily high-dose, supplemental vitamin D3 and/or omega-3 FAs improve musculoskeletal outcomes, helping to advance clinical and public health recommendations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01747447.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Donlon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Meryl S LeBoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Sharon H Chou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Trisha Copeland
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Vadim Bubes
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Gregory Kotler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Rajaram S, Yip EL, Reghunathan R, Mohan S, Sabaté J. Effect of Altering Dietary n-6:n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio with Plant and Marine-Based Supplement on Biomarkers of Bone Turnover in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101162. [PMID: 29064409 PMCID: PMC5691778 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is accumulating evidence for a protective role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on bone health, there are limited studies that examine the effect of altering dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio with plant and marine sources of n-3 PUFA on bone health. Healthy adults (n = 24) were randomized into an eight-week crossover study with a four-week washout between treatments, with each subject consuming three of four diets. The four diets differed in the dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios and either had an algal oil supplement added or not: (Control diet (10:1); α-linolenic acid (ALA) diet (2:1); Eicosapentaenoic acid/Docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA) diet (10:1 plus supplement (S) containing EPA/DHA; Combination diet (2:1 + S)). The supplement was microalgae oil that provided 1 g EPA + DHA/day. Flaxseed oil and walnuts provided 8.6 g of ALA/day in the 2:1 diets. Serum levels of c-telopeptide (CTX), procollagen Type I N-terminal peptide, and osteocalcin showed significant correlation with age but none of the bone markers or peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ mRNA expression was significantly different between the diets. Serum CTX was negatively associated with red blood cell membrane linoleic acid and ALA and positively associated with membrane DHA. Neither altering dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio from a 10:1 to a 2:1 ratio nor adding EPA/DHA supplement significantly changed bone turnover in the short term in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Ellen Lan Yip
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Rajneesh Reghunathan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda VA Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA.
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda VA Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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50
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Kuroda T, Ohta H, Onoe Y, Tsugawa N, Shiraki M. Intake of omega-3 fatty acids contributes to bone mineral density at the hip in a younger Japanese female population. Osteoporos Int 2017. [PMID: 28646239 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigated the relationships between intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and omega-6 fatty acids and bone mineral density in Japanese women aged 19 to 25 years. Intakes of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3) were positively associated with peak bone mass at the hip. INTRODUCTION Lifestyle factors such as physical activity and nutrition intake are known to optimize the peak bone mass (PBM). Recently, intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to contribute to bone metabolism. In this study, the relationships of intakes of n-3 and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids with PBM were evaluated in Japanese female subjects. METHODS A total of 275 healthy female subjects (19-25 years) having PBM were enrolled, and lumbar and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolic parameters were measured. Dietary intakes of total energy, total n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total n-6 fatty acids were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Physical activity information was also assessed. RESULTS The mean ± SD age was 20.6 ± 1.4 years, and BMI was 21.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2. BMI and serum bone alkaline phosphatase contributed significantly to lumbar BMD on multiple regression analysis. Intake of n-3 fatty acids and physical activity were also significantly related to total hip BMD. Using EPA or DHA instead of total n-3 fatty acids in the model did not result in a significant result. CONCLUSION Adequate total n-3 fatty acid intake may help maximize PBM at the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuroda
- Public Health Research Foundation, 1-1-7 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0051, Japan.
| | - H Ohta
- Clinical Medical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Women's Medical Center, Sanno Medical Center, 8-5-35 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0052, Japan
| | - Y Onoe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - N Tsugawa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women's University, 4-2-26 Hishiyanishi, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8550, Japan
| | - M Shiraki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Practice for Involutional Diseases, 1610-1 Meisei, Misato, Azumino, Nagano, 399-8101, Japan
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