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Lotfi MS, Rassouli FB. Natural Flavonoid Apigenin, an Effective Agent Against Nervous System Cancers. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5572-5583. [PMID: 38206472 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious public health concern worldwide, and nervous system (NS) cancers are among the most life-threatening malignancies. Efforts have been devoted to introduce natural anticancer agents with minimal side effects. Apigenin is an edible flavonoid that is abundantly found in many vegetables and fruits. Various pharmaceutical activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects have been reported for apigenin. This review provides insights into the therapeutic effects of apigenin and flavonoids with similar structure on glioblastoma and neuroblastoma. Current evidence indicates that apigenin has the unique ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neurogenic, and neuroprotective effects have made this flavonoid a great option for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Meanwhile, apigenin has low toxicity on normal neuronal cells, while induces cytotoxicity on NS cancer cells via triggering several signal pathways and molecular targets. Anticancer effects of apigenin have been contributed to various mechanisms such as induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibition of migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Although apigenin is a promising pharmaceutical agent, its low bioavailability is an important issue that must be solved before introducing to clinic. Recently, nano-delivery of apigenin by liposomes and poly lactic-co-glycolide nanoparticles has greatly improved functionality of this agent. Hence, investigating pharmaceutical effects of apigenin-loaded nanocarriers on NS cancer cell lines and animal models is recommended for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Sadegh Lotfi
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh B Rassouli
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abutayeh RF, Altah M, Mehdawi A, Al-Ataby I, Ardakani A. Chemopreventive Agents from Nature: A Review of Apigenin, Rosmarinic Acid, and Thymoquinone. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6600-6619. [PMID: 39057035 PMCID: PMC11276303 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a major challenge to global health and healthcare systems, requires the study of alternative and supportive treatments due to the limitations of conventional therapies. This review examines the chemopreventive potential of three natural compounds: rosmarinic acid, apigenin, and thymoquinone. Derived from various plants, these compounds have demonstrated promising chemopreventive properties in in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies. Specifically, they have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth, induce apoptosis, and modulate key signaling pathways involved in cancer progression. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on these phytochemicals, elucidating their mechanisms of action, therapeutic efficacy, and potential as adjuncts to traditional cancer therapies. This information serves as a valuable resource for researchers and healthcare providers interested in expanding their knowledge within the field of alternative cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Fawaz Abutayeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan;
| | - Maram Altah
- School of Pharmacy, Al-Qadisiyah College, Amman 11118, Jordan;
| | - Amani Mehdawi
- School of Pharmacy, Al-Qadisiyah College, Amman 11118, Jordan;
| | - Israa Al-Ataby
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan;
| | - Adel Ardakani
- College of Pharmacy, Amman Arab University, Amman 11953, Jordan;
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Omer AB, Fatima F, Ahmed MM, Aldawsari MF, Alalaiwe A, Anwer MK, Mohammed AA. Enhanced Apigenin Dissolution and Effectiveness Using Glycyrrhizin Spray-Dried Solid Dispersions Filled in 3D-Printed Tablets. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3341. [PMID: 38137562 PMCID: PMC10742019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare glycyrrhizin-apigenin spray-dried solid dispersions and develop PVA filament-based 3D printlets to enhance the dissolution and therapeutic effects of apigenin (APN); three formulations (APN1-APN3) were proportioned from 1:1 to 1:3. A physicochemical analysis was conducted, which revealed process yields of 80.5-91% and APN content within 98.0-102.0%. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the structural preservation of APN, while Powder-XRD analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry indicated its transformation from a crystalline to an amorphous form. APN2 exhibited improved flow properties, a lower Angle of Repose, and Carr's Index, enhancing compressibility, with the Hausner Ratio confirming favorable flow properties for pharmaceutical applications. In vitro dissolution studies demonstrated superior performance with APN2, releasing up to 94.65% of the drug and revealing controlled release mechanisms with a lower mean dissolution time of 71.80 min and a higher dissolution efficiency of 19.2% compared to the marketed APN formulation. This signified enhanced dissolution and improved therapeutic onset. APN2 exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity; superior cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells (HCT-116), with a lower IC50 than APN pure; and increased antimicrobial activity. A stability study confirmed the consistency of APN2 after 90 days, as per ICH, with an f2 value of 70.59 for both test and reference formulations, ensuring reliable pharmaceutical development. This research underscores the potential of glycyrrhizin-apigenin solid dispersions for pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications, particularly highlighting the superior physicochemical properties, dissolution behavior, biological activities, and stability of APN2, while the development of a 3D printlet shell offers promise for enhanced drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes in colon cancer treatment, displaying advanced formulation and processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma B. Omer
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farhat Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Abdul Aleem Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66433, Saudi Arabia
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Boukhibar H, Laouani A, Touzout SN, Alenazy R, Alqasmi M, Bokhari Y, Saguem K, Ben-Attia M, El-Bok S, Merghni A. Chemical Composition of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Methanolic Leaf Extracts and Assessment of Their Antibacterial Activity through Oxidative Stress Induction. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1253. [PMID: 37627673 PMCID: PMC10451179 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle methanolic leaf extracts from geographically distinct regions and to assess their antimicrobial properties along with their ability to induce oxidative stress. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids including chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, synapic acid, p-coumaric acid, apigenin, hyperoside, isoamnétine-3-O-beta-D-glucotrioside, quercetin, and isoquercetin in various amounts depending on the origin of tested extracts. The assessment of antibacterial activity showed the effectiveness of the A. altissima extracts particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, with inhibition zone diameters reaching 14 ± 1 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 4 to 72.2 mg/mL. These bioactive substances also exhibited strong antibiofilm activity with an eradication percentage reaching 67.07%. Furthermore, they increased ROS production to levels two to five times higher than the control group, altered the membrane integrity and caused lipid peroxidation with MDA production exceeding 2.5 µmol/mg protein in the Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. A decrease in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT was also observed, indicating an impairment of the bacterial response to the oxidative stress caused by the tested extracts. These findings highlight the antibacterial properties of A. altissima leaf extracts depending on their origins and promote their exploitation and application in the agro-food and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Boukhibar
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (H.B.); (S.N.T.); (S.E.-B.)
| | - Aicha Laouani
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology (LR12/ES02), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia; (A.L.)
- USCR Analytical Platform UHPLC-MS &Research in Medicine and Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
| | - Soraya Naila Touzout
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (H.B.); (S.N.T.); (S.E.-B.)
| | - Rawaf Alenazy
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Alqasmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yaseen Bokhari
- College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 12714, Saudi Arabia;
| | - khaled Saguem
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology (LR12/ES02), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia; (A.L.)
- USCR Analytical Platform UHPLC-MS &Research in Medicine and Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
| | - Mossadok Ben-Attia
- Environment Biomonitoring Laboratory (LR01/ES14), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia;
| | - Safia El-Bok
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (H.B.); (S.N.T.); (S.E.-B.)
| | - Abderrahmen Merghni
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance LR99/ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
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Nicoleti LR, Di Filippo LD, Duarte JL, Luiz MT, Sábio RM, Chorilli M. Development, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity of kaempferol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers in glioblastoma multiforme cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113309. [PMID: 37054466 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and most aggressive human brain cancer. GBM treatment is still a challenge because many drugs are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier, in addition to the increasing resistance to currently available chemotherapy. New therapeutic alternatives are emerging, and, in this context, we highlight kaempferol, a flavonoid with remarkable anti-tumor activity but with limited bioavailability due to its strong lipophilic property. A promising tool to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of molecules such as kaempferol is the use of drug-delivery nanosystems, such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), which can facilitate the dispersion and delivery of highly lipophilic molecules. The present work aimed at the development and characterization of kaempferol-loaded NLC (K-NLC) and the evaluation of its biological properties using in vitro models. The K-NLC showed an average size of 120 nm, zeta potential of - 21 mV, and polydispersity index of 0.099. The K-NLC presented high kaempferol encapsulation efficiency (93%), a drug loading of 3.58%, and a sustained kaempferol release profile for up to 48 h. In addition to presenting a 7-fold increase in kaempferol cytotoxicity, its encapsulation in NLC promoted a cellular uptake of 75%, which corroborates with increased cytotoxicity in U-87MG cells, as observed. Together, these data reinforce the promising antineoplastic properties of kaempferol in addition to the key role of NLC as a platform for the efficient delivery of lipophilic drugs to neoplastic cells, which improved their uptake and therapeutic efficacy in glioblastoma multiforme cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ribeiro Nicoleti
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Delello Di Filippo
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Tavares Luiz
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Miguel Sábio
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800903, São Paulo, Brazil
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Goel H, Kumar R, Tanwar P, Upadhyay TK, Khan F, Pandey P, Kang S, Moon M, Choi J, Choi M, Park MN, Kim B, Saeed M. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of natural products in the prevention and treatment of leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114351. [PMID: 36736284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies distinguished by differentiation blockage and uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid or lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). There are various types of leukemia in which intensive chemotherapy regimens or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are now the most common treatments associated with severe side effects and multi-drug resistance in leukemia cells. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel therapeutic approaches with adequate therapeutic efficacy and selectively eliminate leukemic cells to improve the consequences of leukemia. Medicinal plants have been utilized for ages to treat multiple disorders due to their diverse bioactive compounds. Plant-derived products have been used as therapeutic medication to prevent and treat many types of cancer. Over the last two decades, 50 % of all anticancer drugs approved worldwide are from natural products and their derivatives. Therefore this study aims to review natural products such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, nitrogen-containing, and organosulfur compounds as antileukemic agents. Current investigations have identified natural products efficiently destroy leukemia cells through diverse mechanisms of action by inhibiting proliferation, reactive oxygen species production, inducing cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in both in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Current investigations have identified natural products as suitable promising chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents. It played an essential role in drug development and emerged as a possible source of biologically active metabolites for therapeutic interventions, especially in leukemia. DATA AVAILABILITY: Data will be made available on request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 11023, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 11023, India.
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 11023, India.
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India,.
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India.
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India.
| | - Sojin Kang
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghan Moon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinwon Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81411 Saudi Arabia.
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Health Benefits of Coffee Consumption for Cancer and Other Diseases and Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032706. [PMID: 36769029 PMCID: PMC9916720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, and epidemiology studies associate higher coffee consumption with decreased rates of mortality and decreased rates of neurological and metabolic diseases, including Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes. In addition, there is also evidence that higher coffee consumption is associated with lower rates of colon and rectal cancer, as well as breast, endometrial, and other cancers, although for some of these cancers, the results are conflicting. These studies reflect the chemopreventive effects of coffee; there is also evidence that coffee consumption may be therapeutic for some forms of breast and colon cancer, and this needs to be further investigated. The mechanisms associated with the chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic effects of over 1000 individual compounds in roasted coffee are complex and may vary with different diseases. Some of these mechanisms may be related to nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2)-regulated pathways that target oxidative stress or pathways that induce reactive oxygen species to kill diseased cells (primarily therapeutic). There is evidence for the involvement of receptors which include the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1), as well as contributions from epigenetic pathways and the gut microbiome. Further elucidation of the mechanisms will facilitate the potential future clinical applications of coffee extracts for treating cancer and other inflammatory diseases.
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Naqishbandi AM. Cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of gemini-chrysophanol nanoparticles against human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell lines. BMC PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 23:56. [PMID: 35870982 PMCID: PMC9308237 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is among the most common cancers and accounts for nearly 9% of all cancers in the world. Chrysophanol is a naturally occurring anthraquinone exerts a number of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-oxidant effects. This study aims to produce a novel gemini chrysophanol nanoparticles (Gemini-Chr NPs), and to evaluate its anti-cancer effect on the human colorectal cancer cell lines. Methods Gemini-Chr NPs were synthesized through nanoprecipitation method and characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy, Anti-cancer activities were examined through MTT assay on HCT-116 cancer cells, apoptosis was investigated via Annexin V-FITC/PI dual stain assay. Furthermore, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and P53 genes were evaluated using real-time PCR and western blotting assay. Results The average particle diameter of the synthesized Gemini-Chr NPs and zeta potential were recorded as 120 nm and 14.4 mV, respectively. In comparison to the normal cells, the cytotoxicity assay confirmed that Gemini-Chr NPs preferentially killed colorectal cancer cells via induction of apoptosis. Moreover, Gemini-Chr NPs could upregulate the expression of Bax in both cancerous and normal cells (p ≤ 0.05) and decreasing the Bcl-2 expression in only tumor cells (p ≤ 0.01), while the expression of P53 is modulated in tumor cells (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions Gemini surfactants could be considered for efficient delivery and improvement of anti-cancer effect of chrysophanol. Gemini-Chr NPs might have the potential for developing novel therapeutic agent against colorectal cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00597-z.
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Martelli A, Omrani M, Zarghooni M, Citi V, Brogi S, Calderone V, Sureda A, Lorzadeh S, da Silva Rosa SC, Grabarek BO, Staszkiewicz R, Los MJ, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Mehrbod P, Klionsky DJ, Ghavami S. New Visions on Natural Products and Cancer Therapy: Autophagy and Related Regulatory Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5839. [PMID: 36497321 PMCID: PMC9738256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) has been a highly conserved process throughout evolution and allows cells to degrade aggregated/misfolded proteins, dysfunctional or superfluous organelles and damaged macromolecules, in order to recycle them for biosynthetic and/or energetic purposes to preserve cellular homeostasis and health. Changes in autophagy are indeed correlated with several pathological disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, infections, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Conversely, autophagy controls both apoptosis and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the cells. Therefore, any changes in the autophagy pathway will affect both the UPR and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that several natural products can modulate (induce or inhibit) the autophagy pathway. Natural products may target different regulatory components of the autophagy pathway, including specific kinases or phosphatases. In this review, we evaluated ~100 natural compounds and plant species and their impact on different types of cancers via the autophagy pathway. We also discuss the impact of these compounds on the UPR and apoptosis via the autophagy pathway. A multitude of preclinical findings have shown the function of botanicals in regulating cell autophagy and its potential impact on cancer therapy; however, the number of related clinical trials to date remains low. In this regard, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are warranted to better clarify the utility of natural compounds and their modulatory effects on autophagy, as fine-tuning of autophagy could be translated into therapeutic applications for several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzieh Omrani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumna, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition, Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Simone C. da Silva Rosa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Beniamin Oscar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- GynCentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, 40-851 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Staszkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, 30-901 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek J. Los
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Nutringredientes Research Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFCE), Baturite 62760-000, Brazil
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre, Via Cortenocera, 82030 San Salvatore Telesino, Italy
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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The Potential Role of Apigenin in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186051. [PMID: 36144783 PMCID: PMC9505045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. In spite of advances in the treatment of cancer, currently used treatment modules including chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy causes adverse effects and kills the normal cells. Therefore, the goal of more effective and less side effects-based cancer treatment approaches is still at the primary position of present research. Medicinal plants or their bioactive ingredients act as dynamic sources of drugs due to their having less side effects and also shows the role in reduction of resistance against cancer therapy. Apigenin is an edible plant-derived flavonoid that has received significant scientific consideration for its health-promoting potential through modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress and various other biological activities. Moreover, the anti-cancer potential of apigenin is confirmed through its ability to modulate various cell signalling pathways, including tumor suppressor genes, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, inflammation, apoptosis, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, MAPK/ERK and STAT3 pathways. The current review mainly emphases the potential role of apigenin in different types of cancer through the modulation of various cell signaling pathways. Further studies based on clinical trials are needed to explore the role of apigenin in cancer management and explain the possible potential mechanisms of action in this vista.
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11
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Peng X, Ang S, Zhang Y, Fan F, Wu M, Liang P, Wen Y, Gan L, Zhang K, Li D, Yue J. Chemical Constituents With Antiproliferative Activity From Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Front Chem 2022; 10:938851. [PMID: 35910745 PMCID: PMC9334562 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.938851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new patchoulene sesquiterpenoid glycosides (1–2), a natural patchoulane-type sesquiterpenoid (3) and a natural cadinene-type sesquiterpenoid (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., together with eleven known sesquiterpenoids (5–15) and eleven known flavonoids (16–26). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including NMR, HRESIMS, IR, and CD spectroscopic data analysis, as well as chemical hydrolysis. The isolated compounds 1–13 and 15–26 were tested for inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HepG2 cancer cells. Among them, compounds 17 and 19 displayed anti-proliferative effects against HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 25.59 and 2.30 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the flow cytometry analysis and Western blotting assays revealed that compound 19 significantly induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells by downregulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and upregulating the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. Therefore, the potential pharmaceutical applications of P. cablin would be applied according to our study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjia Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Song Ang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizi Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Fenling Fan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Mengshuo Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Peiting Liang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yan Wen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Lishe Gan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Zhang, ; Dongli Li,
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Zhang, ; Dongli Li,
| | - Jianmin Yue
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Du J, Song D, Li J, Li Y, Li B, Li L. Paeonol triggers apoptosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells: the role of mitochondria-related caspase pathway. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2083-2092. [PMID: 33710373 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paeonol is a biologically active component purified from the root bark of Cortex Moutan that exerts pharmacological effects on the cervical cancer. In this study, we aim to evaluate the anti-cervical cancer capacity of paeonol and to investigate the mechanism driving its anti-cervical cancer effect. Paeonol administration markedly restrained the proliferation and caused apoptosis in HeLa cells. Furthermore, paeonol treatment resulted in a mitochondrial dysfunction in HeLa cells, including the inducing of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the release of cytochrome c. Moreover, the Bcl-2/Bax proportion was obviously downregulated and cleaved caspase-3 expression was evaluated through paeonol treatment. Additionally, the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt was noticeably reduced in response to paeonol treatment in HeLa cells. Our findings indicated that paeonol exerts an anticancer potential in HeLa cells, at least in a manner, via triggering the mitochondrial pathway of cellular apoptosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling. Thus, paeonol has great potential as a promising therapeutic compound to resist human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikun Du
- Central Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen (Group), Shajing People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daibo Song
- Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinwen Li
- Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuanhua Li
- Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Baohong Li
- Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Li Li
- Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
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13
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The effect of apigenin and chemotherapy combination treatments on apoptosis-related genes and proteins in acute leukaemia cell lines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8858. [PMID: 35614109 PMCID: PMC9132959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a dietary polyphenol found abundantly in fruit and vegetables, which sensitizes leukaemia cells to topoisomerase inhibitor agents (e.g., etoposide), and alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide), reducing ATP levels and inducing apoptosis; whilst being protective to control haematopoietic stem cells. This study analysed the expression profiles of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis-related genes and proteins to help elucidate the mechanisms of action of apigenin when used in combination with etoposide or cyclophosphamide in lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia cell lines (Jurkat and THP-1). Expression of apoptosis-related genes were measured using a TaqMan® Human Apoptosis Array and the StepOne Plus RT-qPCR System, whilst apoptosis-related proteins were determined using a protein profiler™-human apoptosis array and the LI-COR OdysseyR Infrared Imaging System. Apigenin when combined with etoposide or cyclophosphamide-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic cytochrome c, SMAC/DIABLO, and HTRA2/OMI, which promoted caspase-9 and -3 activation. Targeting anti-apoptotic and/or pro-apoptotic members of the apoptotic pathways is a promising strategy to induce cancer cell death and improve sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. Here the apoptotic pathways induced by apigenin in combination with etoposide or cyclophosphamide were identified within human leukaemia cell lines, such applications could provide combination therapies for the treatment of leukaemia.
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Naringenin induces intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways in cancer cells: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro and in vivo data. Nutr Res 2022; 105:33-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Koszałka P, Stasiłojć G, Miękus-Purwin N, Niedźwiecki M, Purwin M, Grabowski S, Bączek T. The Cooperative Anti-Neoplastic Activity of Polyphenolic Phytochemicals on Human T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line MOLT-4 In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094753. [PMID: 35563141 PMCID: PMC9099961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy affecting pediatric patients. ALL treatment regimens with cytostatics manifest substantial toxicity and have reached the maximum of well-tolerated doses. One potential approach for improving treatment efficiency could be supplementation of the current regimen with naturally occurring phytochemicals with anti-cancer properties. Nutraceuticals such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and genistein have been studied in anti-cancer therapy, but their application is limited by their low bioavailability. However, their cooperative activity could potentially increase their efficiency at low, bioavailable doses. We studied their cooperative effect on the viability of a human ALL MOLT-4 cell line in vitro at the concentration considered to be in the bioavailable range in vivo. To analyze their potential side effect on the viability of non-tumor cells, we evaluated their toxicity on a normal human foreskin fibroblast cell line (BJ). In both cell lines, we also measured specific indicators of cell death, changes in cell membrane permeability (CMP), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Even at a low bioavailable concentration, genistein and curcumin decreased MOLT-4 viability, and their combination had a significant interactive effect. While resveratrol and quercetin did not affect MOLT-4 viability, together they enhanced the effect of the genistein/curcumin mix, significantly inhibiting MOLT-4 population growth in vitro. Moreover, the analyzed phytochemicals and their combinations did not affect the BJ cell line. In both cell lines, they induced a decrease in MMP and correlating CMP changes, but in non-tumor cells, both metabolic activity and cell membrane continuity were restored in time. (4) Conclusions: The results indicate that the interactive activity of analyzed phytochemicals can induce an anti-cancer effect on ALL cells without a significant effect on non-tumor cells. It implies that the application of the combinations of phytochemicals an anti-cancer treatment supplement could be worth further investigation regardless of their low bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Koszałka
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki Street 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Stasiłojć
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki Street 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Natalia Miękus-Purwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera Street 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.-P.); (M.P.)
| | - Maciej Niedźwiecki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki Street 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Maciej Purwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera Street 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.-P.); (M.P.)
| | - Szymon Grabowski
- GetResponse Cares Foundation, Arkońska Street 6/A3, 80-387 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera Street 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.-P.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Sun L, Shang H, Wu Y, Xin X. Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances gemcitabine induced Capan-2 cell apoptosis via inhibiting NADPH level. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:596-604. [PMID: 34089613 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The combination of gemcitabine (Gem) and hypericin (HY) enhances the apoptosis of Capan-2 cells, providing a promising option for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Our study further explored the cytotoxic mechanism of HY combined with chemotherapy drugs on pancreatic cancer. METHODS The proliferation rate of the cells assayed with the MTT method. The ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels of each treatment were evaluated by DCFH-DA oxidisation methods. The activity of glutathione reductase and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG) were assessed using assay kits. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were analysed by western blotting. KEY FINDINGS The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), a key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, significantly decreased in Gem + HY groups, however, the ROS level enhanced accompanying with GSH depleting, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and cytochrome C release. Gem + HY inhibits the expression of Bcl-2 but stimulates Bax level, triggering caspase activation and PARP cleavage and thus promoted apoptosis of Capan-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that Gem combined HY-PDT could inhibit the proliferation of Capan-2 cells and induce cell apoptosis. HY-PDT combined with Gem had a great potential on pancreatic cancer treatment clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huoli Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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17
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Li YQ, Chen CM, Liu N, Wang L. Cadmium-induced ultrastructural changes and apoptosis in the gill of freshwater mussel Anodonta woodiana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:23338-23351. [PMID: 34811609 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acute toxicity of cadmium (Cd) to the freshwater mussel Anodonta woodiana. The freshwater mussels were exposed to five concentrations of Cd (0 mg/L, 8.43 mg/L, 16.86 mg/L, 33.72 mg/L, and 67.45 mg/L) for up to 96 h. The 24-h, 48-h, 72-h, and 96-h LC50 values for Cd were estimated as 562.3 mg/L, 331.1 mg/L, 182.0 mg/L, and 134.9 mg/L, respectively. Caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Ca-ATPase activities; protein and H2O2 levels; DNA fragmentation; and ultrastructure of the gill were also investigated. The activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in mussels were increased by Cd in a dose-dependent manner, where higher doses of Cd (33.72 mg/L and 67.45 mg/L) significantly increased the enzyme activities compared to the controls (P < 0.05). The caspase-8 activity was significantly depressed by a low dose of Cd (8.43 mg/L) but was clearly induced by higher doses of Cd (16.86 mg/L, 33.72 mg/L, and 67.45 mg/L) (P < 0.05). The Ca-ATPase activity and H2O2 levels were elevated and reached maximum values under the medium dose of Cd (16.86 mg/L). However, protein levels were decreased by Cd in an inverse dose-dependent manner. In the gills of the mussels, Cd treatment induced DNA fragmentation as demonstrated by DNA ladders observed via agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, ultrastructural alterations in gill cells of mussels treated with Cd (16.86 mg/L and 67.45 mg/L) for 96 h were observed by electronic microscopy. The ultrastructure abnormalities were characterized by the following features: (1) a disordered arrangement and breaking off of microvilli of epithelial cells; (2) chromatin condensed near the nuclear membrane and the appearances of extremely irregular nuclei, some with a fingerlike shape and an unclear, swollen, invaginated, or ruptured nuclear membrane and apoptotic bodies; (3) swollen and vacuolating mitochondria, some with disintegrated or missing cristae; (4) a disintegrated rough endoplasmic reticulum containing different sizes of vesicles; and (5) shrinking and deformation of Golgi bodies with decreased vesicle numbers. Our results demonstrated that Cd could activate caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Ca-ATPase; cause ultrastructural changes; and produce DNA fragmentation in the mussels investigated. Based on the information obtained through this study, it is reasonable to conclude that Cd can induce apoptosis in the gills of the mussels, eventually leading to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Quan Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Chien M Chen
- Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Na Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
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18
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Zhang X, Wu C. In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity, Estrogenic Activity, and Mutagenicity of Four Natural Phenolic Flavonoids at Low Exposure Levels. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4757-4768. [PMID: 35187296 PMCID: PMC8851455 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are bioactive phenolic compounds widely present in plant food and used in various nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products. However, recent studies showed rising concerns of endocrine disruptions and developmental toxicities for many flavonoids. To understand the impacts of flavonoid structure on toxicity, we used a new multitiered platform to investigate the toxicities of four common flavonoids, luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, and genistein, from flavone, flavonol, and isoflavone. Weak estrogenic activity was detected for four flavonoids (genistein, apigenin, quercetin, and luteolin) at 10-12 to 10-7 M by the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay, which agreed with the molecular docking results. Consistent with the simulation results of Toxicity Estimation Software Tool, genistein and luteolin showed high developmental toxicity in the chicken embryonic assay (45-477 μg/kg) with mortality rate up to 50%. Luteolin, quercetin, and apigenin showed signs of mutagenicity at 5 × 10-3 pmol/plate. The findings showed nonmonotonic dose responses for the chemicals.
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19
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Oyenihi OR, Oyenihi AB, Alabi TD, Tade OG, Adeyanju AA, Oguntibeju OO. Reactive oxygen species: Key players in the anticancer effects of apigenin? J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14060. [PMID: 34997605 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit a double-edged sword in cancer-hence their modulation has been an attractive strategy in cancer prevention and therapy. The abundance of scientific information on the pro-oxidant effects of apigenin in cancer cells suggests the crucial role of ROS in its mechanisms of action. Although apigenin is known to enhance the cellular ROS levels to cytotoxic degrees in cancer cells in vitro, it remains to be determined if these pro-oxidant effects prevail or are relevant in experimental tumor models and clinical trials. Here, we critically examine the pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of apigenin in cancer to provide insightful perspectives on the association between its ROS-modulating action and anticancer potential. We also discussed these effects in a cell/tissue type-specific context to highlight the factors influencing the switch between antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects. Finally, we raised some questions that need addressing for the potential translation of these studies into clinical applications. Further research into this duality in oxidant actions of apigenin, especially in vivo, may enable better exploitation of its anticancer potential. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Apigenin is a naturally occurring compound found in chamomile flowers, parsley, celery, peppermint, and citrus fruits. Many human trials of dietary interventions with apigenin-containing herbs and flavonoid mixture on oxidative stress markers, for instance, point to their antioxidant effects and health benefits in many diseases. Preclinical studies suggest that apigenin alone or its combination with chemotherapeutics has a strong anti-neoplastic effect and can induce ROS-mediated cytotoxicity at concentrations in the micromolar (μM) range, which may not be feasible with dietary interventions. Enhancing the in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of apigenin may be indispensable for its potential cancer-specific pro-oxidant therapy and may provide relevant information for clinical studies of apigenin either as a single agent or an adjuvant to chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola R Oyenihi
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ayodeji B Oyenihi
- Functional Foods Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Toyin D Alabi
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Oluwatosin G Tade
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anne A Adeyanju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
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20
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Islam BU, Suhail M, Khan MK, Zughaibi TA, Alserihi RF, Zaidi SK, Tabrez S. Polyphenols as anticancer agents: Toxicological concern to healthy cells. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6063-6079. [PMID: 34679214 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of diverse chemical compounds present in a wide range of plants. Various biological properties such as antiallergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, vasodilatory, and hepatoprotective effect of different polyphenols have been reported in the scientific literature. The major classes of polyphenols are flavonoids, stilbenoids, lignans, and polyphenolic acids. Flavonoids are a large class of food constituents comprising flavones, isoflavanones, flavanones, flavonols, catechins, and anthocyanins sub-classes. Even with seemingly broad biological activities, their use is minimal clinically. Among the other concurrent problems such as limited bioavailability, rapid metabolism, untargeted delivery, the toxicity associated with these polyphenols has been a topic of concern lately. These polyphenols have been reported to result in different forms of toxicity that include organ toxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, etc. In the present article, we have tried to unravel the toxicological aspect of these polyphenols to healthy cells. Further high-quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy and toxicology concern leading to further exploration of these polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badar Ul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, J N Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Kaleem Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Torki A Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed F Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,3D Bioprinting Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Abbas AH, Mahmood AAR, Tahtamouni LH, Al-Mazaydeh ZA, Rammaha MS, Alsoubani F, Al-bayati RI. A novel derivative of picolinic acid induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells: synthesis, docking study, and anticancer activity. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e70654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirteen new derivatives of picolinic acid (4–7) were designed and synthesized from the starting parent molecule, picolinic acid. The new compounds were characterized by ATR-FTIR, 1HNMR, and CHNS analysis. A molecular docking study was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of the synthesized compounds toward EGFR kinase domain that indicated occupation of the critical site of EGFR kinase pocket and excellent positioning of the compounds in the pocket. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds against two human cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7), the non-tumorigenic MCF10A cell line, and white blood cells (WBC) was evaluated using the MTT assay. Compound 5 showed anticancer activity against A549 lung cancer cells (IC50 = 99.93 µM) but not against MCF-7 breast cancer cells or normal cells. Compound 5 mediated cytotoxicity in A549 lung cancer cells by inducing apoptotic cell death, as suggested by fragmented nuclei after DAPI staining, and agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, compound 5 triggered the activation of caspases 3, 4 and 9. However, compound 5 treatment did not affect the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, as compared to the vehicle-treated control cells. Nevertheless, compound 5-treated cells reported greater release of smac/DIABLO to the cytosol. In the same context, both compound 5 and thapsigargin (specific inhibitor of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)) enhanced eIF2 phosphorylation, reflecting the activation of the atypical ER stress pathway and the potential applicability of compound 5 in lung cancer treatment.
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Tvrdá E, Benko F, Slanina T, du Plessis SS. The Role of Selected Natural Biomolecules in Sperm Production and Functionality. Molecules 2021; 26:5196. [PMID: 34500629 PMCID: PMC8434568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence from in vivo as well as in vitro studies indicates that natural biomolecules may play important roles in the prevention or management of a wide array of chronic diseases. Furthermore, the use of natural compounds in the treatment of male sub- or infertility has been proposed as a potential alternative to conventional therapeutic options. As such, we aimed to evaluate the effects of selected natural biomolecules on the sperm production, structural integrity, and functional activity. At the same time, we reviewed their possible beneficial or adverse effects on male reproductive health. Using relevant keywords, a literature search was performed to collect currently available information regarding molecular mechanisms by which selected natural biomolecules exhibit their biological effects in the context of male reproductive dysfunction. Evidence gathered from clinical trials, in vitro experiments and in vivo studies suggest that the selected natural compounds affect key targets related to sperm mitochondrial metabolism and motion behavior, oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA integrity and cell death. The majority of reports emphasize on ameliorative, stimulating and protective effects of natural biomolecules on the sperm function. Nevertheless, possible adverse and toxic behavior of natural compounds has been indicated as well, pointing out to a possible dose-dependent impact of natural biomolecules on the sperm survival and functionality. As such, further research leading to a deeper understanding of the beneficial or adverse roles of natural compounds is necessary before these can be employed for the management of male reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tvrdá
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (F.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Filip Benko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (F.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (F.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Stefan S. du Plessis
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates;
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Quercetin as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Lymphoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3157867. [PMID: 34381559 PMCID: PMC8352693 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3157867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a name for malignant diseases of the lymphatic system including Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although several approaches are used for the treatment of these diseases, some of them are not successful and have serious adverse effects. Therefore, other effective treatment methods might be interesting. Studies have indicated that plant ingredients play a key role in treating several diseases. Some plants have already shown a potential therapeutic effect on many malignant diseases. Quercetin is a flavonoid found in different plants and could be useful in the treatment of different malignant diseases. Quercetin has its antimalignant effects through targeting main survival pathways activated in tumor cells. In vitro/in vivo experimental studies have demonstrated that quercetin possesses a cytotoxic effect on lymphoid cancer cells. Regardless of the optimum results that have been obtained from both in vitro/in vivo studies, few clinical studies have analyzed the antitumor effects of quercetin in lymphoid cancers. Thus, it seems that more clinical studies should introduce quercetin as a therapeutic, alone or in combination with other chemotherapy agents. Here, in this study, we reviewed the anticancer effects of quercetin and highlighted the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin in various types of lymphoma.
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Yammine A, Namsi A, Vervandier-Fasseur D, Mackrill JJ, Lizard G, Latruffe N. Polyphenols of the Mediterranean Diet and Their Metabolites in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:3483. [PMID: 34201125 PMCID: PMC8227701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is a central element of a healthy lifestyle, where polyphenols play a key role due to their anti-oxidant properties, and for some of them, as nutripharmacological compounds capable of preventing a number of diseases, including cancer. Due to the high prevalence of intestinal cancer (ranking second in causing morbidity and mortality), this review is focused on the beneficial effects of selected dietary phytophenols, largely present in Mediterranean cooking: apigenin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin-rutine, and resveratrol. The role of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention of colorectal cancer and future perspectives are discussed in terms of food polyphenol content, the effectiveness, the plasma level, and the importance of other factors, such as the polyphenol metabolites and the influence of the microbiome. Perspectives are discussed in terms of microbiome-dependency of the brain-second brain axis. The emergence of polyphenol formulations may strengthen the efficiency of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Yammine
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (A.N.); (G.L.)
| | - Amira Namsi
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (A.N.); (G.L.)
| | - Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur
- Team OCS, Institute of Molecular Chemistry of University of Burgundy (ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - John J. Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, BioScience Institute, College Road, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (A.N.); (G.L.)
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.Y.); (A.N.); (G.L.)
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25
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Eremina NV, Zhanataev AK, Durnev AD. Induced Cell Death as a Possible Pathway of Antimutagenic Action. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:1-14. [PMID: 34050413 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The existing concepts of antimutagenesis are briefly reviewed. Published reports on antimutagenic and proapoptotic properties of some polyphenols and compounds of other chemical groups obtained in representative in vitro and in vivo experiments on eukaryotic test systems are discussed. The relationships between the antimutagenic and proapoptotic properties of the analyzed compounds (naringin, apigenin, resveratrol, curcumin, N-acetylcysteine, etc.) are considered in favor of the hypothesis on induced cell death as an antimutagenic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Eremina
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A K Zhanataev
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A D Durnev
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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26
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Ganai SA, Sheikh FA, Baba ZA, Mir MA, Mantoo MA, Yatoo MA. Anticancer activity of the plant flavonoid luteolin against preclinical models of various cancers and insights on different signalling mechanisms modulated. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3509-3532. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Farooq Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Baba
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Mudasir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Microbiology Government Medical College Anantnag Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Mohd Ayoob Mantoo
- Division of Entomology FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Yatoo
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
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27
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Kozsup M, Zhou X, Farkas E, Bényei AC, Bonnet S, Patonay T, Kónya K, Buglyó P. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies of Co(III)-flavonolato complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111382. [PMID: 33588278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia activated Co(III) complexes as prodrugs may provide with a selective delivery of cytotoxic or antibacterial compounds. Whithin this field sixteen novel Co(III) ternary complexes with the general formula [Co(4N)(flav)](ClO4)2, where 4N = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) or tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (tpa) and flav = deprotonated form of differently substituted flavonols have been synthesized, characterized, and their cytotoxicity assayed under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Molecular structures of two free flavonols and seven complexes are also reported. In all the complexes the bioligands exhibited the expected (O,O) coordination mode and the complexes showed a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that both the substituents of the flavonoles and the type of 4N donor ligands had an impact on the reduction potential of the complex. The ones containing tren demonstrated significantly higher stability than the tpa analogues, making these former compounds promising candidates for the development of hypoxia-activated prodrug complexes. Tpa complexes showed higher activity against both selected human cancer cell lines (A549, A431) than their free ligand flavonols, indicating that the anticancer activity of the bioligand can be enhanced upon complexation. However, slight hypoxia-selectivity was found only for a tren complex (11) with moderate cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Kozsup
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - XueQuan Zhou
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Etelka Farkas
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Attila Cs Bényei
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tamás Patonay
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kónya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Péter Buglyó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.
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28
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Kim WJ, Kang HG, Kim SJ. Dehydroabietic acid inhibits the gastric cancer cell growth via induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Darwish A, Shaker E. Physalis peruviana juice and seeds methanolic extracts; gas chromatography mass spectrometry; antioxidant and anticancer against human A549, HepG2. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_262_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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30
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Ahmed SA, Parama D, Daimari E, Girisa S, Banik K, Harsha C, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Rationalizing the therapeutic potential of apigenin against cancer. Life Sci 2020; 267:118814. [PMID: 33333052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the remarkable advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer during the past couple of decades, it remains the second largest cause of mortality in the world, killing approximately 9.6 million people annually. The major challenges in the treatment of the advanced stage of this disease are the development of chemoresistance, severe adverse effects of the drugs, and high treatment cost. Therefore, the development of drugs that are safe, efficacious, and cost-effective remains a 'Holy Grail' in cancer research. However, the research over the past four decades shed light on the cancer-preventive and therapeutic potential of natural products and their underlying mechanism of action. Apigenin is one such compound, which is known to be safe and has significant potential in the prevention and therapy of this disease. AIM To assess the literature available on the potential of apigenin and its analogs in modulating the key molecular targets leading to the prevention and treatment of different types of cancer. METHOD A comprehensive literature search has been carried out on PubMed for obtaining information related to the sources and analogs, chemistry and biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, bioavailability and toxicity of apigenin. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in many in vitro, in vivo and a few cohort studies that evidenced the effectiveness of apigenin and its analogs in modulating important molecular targets and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, etc., which play a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. In addition, apigenin was also shown to inhibit chemoresistance and radioresistance and make cancer cells sensitive to these agents. Reports have further revealed the safety of the compound and the adaptation of nanotechnological approaches for improving its bioavailability. SIGNIFICANCE Hence, the present review recapitulates the properties of apigenin and its pharmacological activities against different types of cancer, which warrant further investigation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semim Akhtar Ahmed
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Enush Daimari
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Multi-Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavonone): Experimental Evidence and Mechanisms. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121784. [PMID: 33339267 PMCID: PMC7766900 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has been carried out during the last few decades, providing a detailed account of thousands of discovered phytochemicals and their biological activities that have the potential to be exploited for a wide variety of medicinal purposes. These phytochemicals, which are pharmacologically important for clinical use, primarily consist of polyphenols, followed by terpenoids and alkaloids. There are numerous published reports indicating the primary role of phytochemicals proven to possess therapeutic potential against several diseases. However, not all phytochemicals possess significant medicinal properties, and only some of them exhibit viable biological effects. Naringenin, a flavanone found in citrus fruits, is known to improve immunity, repair DNA damage, and scavenge free radicals. Despite the very low bioavailability of naringenin, it is known to exhibit various promising biological properties of medicinal importance, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This review focuses on the various aspects related to naringenin, particularly its physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. Furthermore, various pharmacological activities of naringenin, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and gastroprotective effects, have been discussed along with their mechanisms of action.
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32
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Ameliorated Acute Pancreatitis in Rats via the Mitochondrial Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:3558-3569. [PMID: 32006213 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease of the digestive system. The mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy for AP is not completely clear. AIMS This study investigated the effects of HBO in AP and whether it acts through the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. METHODS Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control (8 rats), sham (24 rats), AP (24 rats), or AP + HBO (24 rats). AP was induced by ligating the pancreatic duct. The AP + HBO group was given HBO therapy starting at 6 h postinduction. Eight rats in each group were killed on days 1, 2, and 3 postinduction to assess pancreatic injury, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP level, and expression levels of BAX, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP in pancreatic tissue and blood levels of amylase, lipase, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS HBO therapy alleviated the severity of AP and decreased histopathological scores and levels of serum amylase, lipase, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Compared to AP induction alone, HBO therapy increased expression of the apoptotic protein BAX, caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP and ATP levels in tissues and decreased antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression levels and the mitochondrial membrane potential on the first day; the results on the second day were partly consistent with those on the first day, while there was no obvious difference on the third day. CONCLUSIONS HBO therapy could induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in AP rats to alleviate pancreatitis, which was possibly triggered by mitochondrial apoptosis pathway regulation of Bcl-2 family members.
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Namdeo AG, Boddu SHS, Amawi H, Ashby CR, Tukaramrao DB, Trivedi P, Babu RJ, Tiwari AK. Flavonoids as Multi-Target Compounds: A Special Emphasis on their Potential as Chemo-adjuvants in Cancer Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1712-1728. [PMID: 32003663 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200128095248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are low molecular weight, polyphenolic phytochemicals, obtained from secondary metabolism of various plant compounds. They have a spectrum of pharmacological efficacies, including potential anticancer efficacy. Natural flavonoids are present in fruits, vegetables, grains, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea and wine. Flavonoids can attenuate or inhibit the initiation, promotion and progression of cancer by modulating various enzymes and receptors in diverse pathways that involve cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in vitro, flavonoids have been shown to reverse multidrug resistance when used as chemo-adjuvants. Flavonoids (both natural and synthetic analogues) interact with several oncogenic targets through dependent and independent mechanisms to mediate their anticancer efficacy in different types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay G Namdeo
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Diwakar B Tukaramrao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
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Zhang L, Li D, Zhang J, Yan P, Liu X, Wang L, Khan A, Liu Z, Mu J, Xu J, Niu B, Xie J. Excessive apoptosis and ROS induced by ethionine affect neural cell viability and differentiation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1156-1165. [PMID: 33083831 PMCID: PMC7751163 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) diseases are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, which imposes heavy burden on the development of society. Ethionine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid having similar chemical structure and activity to that of methionine, with which it competes. Previous studies have confirmed that ethionine affects various cellular functions by inhibiting the biosynthesis of proteins, RNA, DNA, and phospholipids, or all of them. The relationship of ethionine with some CNS diseases, including neural tube defects, has been investigated recently. However, the detailed effects of ethionine on the nerve cell bioactivities and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. Herein, we systematically investigated the influences of ethionine on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) and post-mitotic nerve cells. We demonstrated that ethionine inhibited cell viability by disrupting the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, prevented NSCs from differentiating into neurons and astrocytes, and blocked cell progression from G1 to S phase via reducing cyclin D1 function in nerve cells including NSCs, a mouse hippocampal neuron cell line (HT-22), and a mouse brain neuroma cell line (Neuro-2a). We speculated that the inhibitory effect of ethionine on cell viability and differentiation are associated with increased reactive oxygen species production. Our results also supported the concept that ethionine may be an underlying cause of abnormal folate metabolism-induced CNS diseases. Our findings may provide important direction for the application of abnormal folate metabolism-induced CNS diseases in future NSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jianbing Mu
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Ashrafizadeh M, Bakhoda MR, Bahmanpour Z, Ilkhani K, Zarrabi A, Makvandi P, Khan H, Mazaheri S, Darvish M, Mirzaei H. Apigenin as Tumor Suppressor in Cancers: Biotherapeutic Activity, Nanodelivery, and Mechanisms With Emphasis on Pancreatic Cancer. Front Chem 2020; 8:829. [PMID: 33195038 PMCID: PMC7593821 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. Due to its propensity for early local and distant spread, affected patients possess extremely poor prognosis. Currently applied treatments are not effective enough to eradicate all cancer cells, and minimize their migration. Besides, these treatments are associated with adverse effects on normal cells and organs. These therapies are not able to increase the overall survival rate of patients; hence, finding novel adjuvants or alternatives is so essential. Up to now, medicinal herbs were utilized for therapeutic goals. Herbal-based medicine, as traditional biotherapeutics, were employed for cancer treatment. Of them, apigenin, as a bioactive flavonoid that possesses numerous biological properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects), has shown substantial anticancer activity. It seems that apigenin is capable of suppressing the proliferation of cancer cells via the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Besides, apigenin inhibits metastasis via down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and the Akt signaling pathway. In pancreatic cancer cells, apigenin sensitizes cells in chemotherapy, and affects molecular pathways such as the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1). Herein, the biotherapeutic activity of apigenin and its mechanisms toward cancer cells are presented in the current review to shed some light on anti-tumor activity of apigenin in different cancers, with an emphasis on pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bakhoda
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahmanpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khandan Ilkhani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Samaneh Mazaheri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Yang L, Xu Z, Wang W. Garcinone-E exhibits anticancer effects in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells mediated via programmed cell death, cell cycle arrest and suppression of cell migration and invasion. AMB Express 2020; 10:126. [PMID: 32676834 PMCID: PMC7364682 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthones are an important class of natural compounds bearing huge bioactivity profiles. Garcinone-E is one among most active xanthones showing potential anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. Therefore, the current study was performed to explore the anticancer potency of naturally occurring garcinone-E xanthone against human HeLa cervical cancer cells. The underlying mechanism of action was also tried to be explored via testifying its induction of programmed cell death, arrest of cell cycle, suppression of cell migration, cell invasion and cell adhesion. MTT assay was implemented to estimate the viability of HeLa cells after garcinone-E exposure and clonogenic assay was used to analyze the effect on clonogenic potential. Acridine orange/ethidium bromine (AO/EB) staining assay was performed for monitoring of programmed cell death along with western blotting. Flow cytometric studies were carried out to analyze cell cycle check points. Transwell chambers assays were carried out for studying the impact of garcinone-E on migration and invasion potency of HeLa cells. Western blotting was used to study the expressions of apoptosis linked proteins in HeLa cells. Results indicated that garcinone-E remarkably decreased the viability to minimum in HeLa cells in both dose and time-reliant manner. The clonogenic capacity of HeLa cells was efficiently reduced by garcinone exposure. AO/EB staining showed that the anti-viability action of garcinone-E was apoptosis allied which was supported by western blotting as well. The cell cycle check points study indicated cell cycle arrest at G2/M-phase. HeLa cell migration and invasion were reduced efficiently after being subjected to garcinone-E treatment in a dose reliant fashion. In conclusion, garcinone-E has a remarkable potential to act as anti-cervical cancer chemopreventive provided further in vivo studies are required.
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Birinci Y, Niazi JH, Aktay-Çetin O, Basaga H. Quercetin in the form of a nano-antioxidant (QTiO 2) provides stabilization of quercetin and maximizes its antioxidant capacity in the mouse fibroblast model. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 138:109559. [PMID: 32527528 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Living cells are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing them to rely on a constant supply of exogenous antioxidants. Quercetin (Q) is one of the potent exogenous antioxidants utilized in various antioxidant formulations. However, the potential application of Q is largely limited because of its poor water solubility. In this study, we employed titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to maximize cellular penetration and antioxidant effect of Q on mouse fibroblast cells. To accomplish this, polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified TiO2-nanoparticle surfaces were utilized that exhibited better dispersion, with enhanced biocompatibility. Cell viability assays using Q and Q-conjugated TiO2-nanoparticles (QTiO2) were evaluated in terms of cell morphology as well as with an immunoblotting analysis to look for key biomarkers of apoptosis. In addition, cleavages of Cas 3 and PARP were obtained in cells treated with Q. Furthermore, antioxidant defence with QTiO2 was validated by means of the Nrf2 upregulation pathway. We also observed increased expressions of target enzymes; HO-1, NQO1 and SOD1 in QTiO2-treated cells. The antioxidant potency of the QTiO2 nano-antioxidant form was successfully tested in ROS and superoxide radicals induced cells. Our results demonstrated that the QTiO2 nano-antioxidant promoted a high quercetin bioavailability and stability, in cells with maximal antioxidant potency against ROS, with no signs of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelda Birinci
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Javed H Niazi
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oznur Aktay-Çetin
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huveyda Basaga
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
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38
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Maruszewska A, Tarasiuk J. Quercetin Triggers Induction of Apoptotic and Lysosomal Death of Sensitive and Multidrug Resistant Leukaemia HL60 Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:484-501. [PMID: 32329631 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1752745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) constitutes the major cause of the failure in anticancer therapy. One of the most important mechanisms leading to the occurrence of MDR is related to the modulation of cellular death pathways. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of quercetin (Q) on triggering the programed death of human promyelocytic leukemia sensitive cells HL60 as well as multidrug resistant HL60/VINC cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein and HL60/MX2 cells characterized by the presence of mutated α isoform of topoisomerase II and the absence of β isoform of this enzyme. Q exerted comparable cytotoxic activities toward sensitive HL60 cells and their MDR counterparts. It was also found that this compound modulated the cellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and led to the marked decrease in cellular GSH level. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that Q used at IC50 and IC90 significantly increased the percentage of sub-G1 subpopulation of all studied leukemia cells causing oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. The present study also indicated that Q used at IC90 triggers predominantly programed cell death of sensitive HL60 cells and their MDR counterparts by induction of apoptosis occurring with the involvement of caspase-3 and caspase-8 as well as by lysosome membrane permeabilization-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Maruszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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39
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Kossack R, Breinlinger S, Nguyen T, Moschny J, Straetener J, Berscheid A, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Enke H, Schirmeister T, Niedermeyer THJ. Nostotrebin 6 Related Cyclopentenediones and δ-Lactones with Broad Activity Spectrum Isolated from the Cultivation Medium of the Cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. CBT1153. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:392-400. [PMID: 31977209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are an interesting source of biologically active natural products, especially chemically diverse and potent protease inhibitors. On our search for inhibitors of the trypanosomal cysteine protease rhodesain, we identified the homodimeric cyclopentenedione (CPD) nostotrebin 6 (1) and new related monomeric, dimeric, and higher oligomeric compounds as the active substances in the medium extract of Nostoc sp. CBT1153. The oligomeric compounds are composed of two core monomeric structures, a trisubstituted CPD or a trisubstituted unsaturated δ-lactone. Nostotrebin 6 thus far has been the only known cyanobacterial CPD. It has been found to be active in a broad variety of assays, indicating that it might be a pan-assay interference compound (PAIN). Thus, we compared the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities as well as the rhodesain inhibition of selected compounds. Because a compound with a δ-lactone instead of a CPD core structure was equally active as nostotrebin 6, the bioactivities of these compounds seem to be based on the phenolic substructures rather than the CPD moiety. While the dimers were roughly equally potent, the monomer displayed slightly weaker activity, suggesting that the compounds show unspecific activity depending upon the number of free phenolic hydroxy groups per molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Kossack
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy , University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Steffen Breinlinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy , University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology/Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT) , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Julia Moschny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy , University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Jan Straetener
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT) , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Anne Berscheid
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT) , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT) , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Heike Enke
- Cyano Biotech GmbH , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Mainz , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy , University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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40
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Şirin N, Elmas L, Seçme M, Dodurga Y. Investigation of possible effects of apigenin, sorafenib and combined applications on apoptosis and cell cycle in hepatocellular cancer cells. Gene 2020; 737:144428. [PMID: 32045658 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver tumors. There is only one chemodrug for treatment called sorafenib that is an effective multikinase inhibitor. However, most of the patients gain resistance to sorafenib treatment in six months. Thus, there is a limitation for treatment of HCC. Apigenin is a natural flavonoid that has been used for many years as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this study is to investigate the combined therapeutic effects of sorafenib and apigenin upon apoptosis and cell cycle on HepG2 cell line. Cytotoxic effects of sorafenib and apigenin on HepG2 cells were determined by XTT assay. Effects of single and combined treatment on cell migration, invasion and colony formation were analysed by wound healing, transwell matrigel invasion assay and colony formation assay, respectively. TUNEL assay was performed for analyse apoptosis rates. Expression changes of genes related with apoptosis and cell cycle were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Combined treatment of sorafenib and apigenin has more decreasing effects on cell viability than single treatment groups. Also, combination group caused significant increase of apoptotic cells. Migration and invasion capability of cells in combined treatment group are decreased. Lastly, quantitative real-time PCR results showed that combination of both drugs arrested cell cycle and increased apoptotic gene expressions more than single treatment groups. This is the first study that investigating the combined treatment of sorafenib and apigenin on HCC in vitro. By combined treatment, apigenin potentiates sorafenib cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. Effects of combined treatment on migration, invasion, apoptosis and gene expressions showed that may sorafenib and apigenin have synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Şirin
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Levent Elmas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mücahit Seçme
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
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41
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Singh D, Khan MA, Siddique HR. Apigenin, A Plant Flavone Playing Noble Roles in Cancer Prevention Via Modulation of Key Cell Signaling Networks. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 14:298-311. [DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666191026095728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a global health problem and the continuous rise in incidence and
mortality due to cancer carries a real economic burden to all countries. Accumulation of genetic mutation,
exposure of environmental carcinogens and food habits due to change in lifestyles are the key
reasons for cancer. Targeting cancer cells, we need a multitargeting molecule with low/no toxicity.
Objective :
To review the current update of the research status of chemopreventive/therapeutic molecule,
Apigenin.
Methods:
Compare the results of the published articles and granted patents on this compound. We also
discuss the pros and cons of the present research and future direction.
Results:
Cancer cells have characteristic alterations and dysregulation of various cell signaling pathways
that control cell homeostasis, proliferation, motility, and survival in normal cells. Natural flavonoids
are the compounds well known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancerous
properties. Apigenin, along with several other physiological effects, has a very low intrinsic toxicity
and striking effects on the proliferation of cancer cells. Interestingly, this multitargeting molecule is
getting wide acceptance among researchers. It is evident from the recent patents filed in this compound.
At present, three patents have been granted only on the anticancer properties of apigenin.
Conclusion:
This mini-review will explain the present research status of apigenin and will further
shine some light on how apigenin performs its anti-cancerous actions by interfering with the key cellsignaling
pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Mohammad A. Khan
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Hifzur R. Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
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Chen Y, Chen WN, Hu N, Banwell MG, Ma C, Gardiner MG, Lan P. Cytotoxicity and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Apigenin-Derived Isolaxifolin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2451-2459. [PMID: 31465218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rare flavonoid isolaxifolin, a potent insecticide, has been touted as a potential grain-protecting agent. In order to assess any impact of this natural product on human health and to explore its various other biological properties, we have established a semisynthesis from the simpler but structurally related and more abundant natural product apigenin. The five-step reaction sequence has provided, for the first time, sufficient material for an in-depth evaluation of the cytotoxic properties of the title natural product. The impact of isolaxifolin on certain pro-inflammatory cytokines in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells has also been examined. Such studies have revealed that isolaxifolin displays no toxic effects toward normal cells while displaying greater cytotoxicities against certain cancer cell lines than its synthetic precursor apigenin. Furthermore, unlike apigenin, isolaxifolin only reduced NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 secretions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells in a rather modest and dose-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Na Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hu
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Chenxi Ma
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
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43
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Lee SM, Choi ES, Ha E, Ji KY, Shin SJ, Jung J. Gyejibongnyeong-Hwan (Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan) Ameliorates Human Uterine Myomas via Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1105. [PMID: 31607930 PMCID: PMC6774280 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign neoplasms in women of reproductive age. However, non-surgical treatments for uterine myomas have not been fully evaluated. In Korea and China, Gyejibongnyeong-hwan (GBH) is widely used to treat gynecological diseases. Thus, we investigated the effects of GBH in human uterine myoma cells (hUtMCs). The hUtMCs were collected from patients undergoing curative surgery. Cell viability was analyzed via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. The expression levels of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase-3, and caspase-9 were determined by Western blotting. Apoptosis and ROS levels were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. First, we determined the adequate concentration that did not affect normal cells, and then investigated the time-dependent anti-neoplastic effect of GBH to decide the appropriate treatment time under a non-toxic concentration. Cell viability and number were significantly reduced by GBH at 48 h in a dose-dependent manner (0–200 µg/ml). The ratio of Bax to Bcl2 and expression of p53, cleaved-caspase-3, and caspase-9 increased, representing GBH induced apoptosis in uterine leiomyomas. In addition, preliminary tests using pan-caspase inhibitor/p53 inhibitor with GBH rescued the GBH-mediated apoptotic effect. Furthermore, GBH significantly increased the mitochondrial ROS concentration, and preliminary test showed that mitochondria ROS scavenger reduced the percentages of early apoptosis cell. These results suggest that GBH may induce apoptosis of leiomyomas and demonstrated that GBH can be a potential therapeutic and/or preventive agent for uterine leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Min Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Som Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kon Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So Jin Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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44
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Arya JS, Joseph MM, Sherin DR, Nair JB, Manojkumar TK, Maiti KK. Exploring Mitochondria-Mediated Intrinsic Apoptosis by New Phytochemical Entities: An Explicit Observation of Cytochrome c Dynamics on Lung and Melanoma Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8311-8329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daisy R. Sherin
- Centre for Computational Modeling and Data Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management-Kerala (IIITM-K), Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India
| | | | - Thanathu K. Manojkumar
- Centre for Computational Modeling and Data Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management-Kerala (IIITM-K), Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India
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45
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Majumder D, Debnath M, Libin Kumar K, Nath P, Debnath R, Sarkar C, Prasad G, Verma YK, Maiti D. Metabolic profiling and investigations on crude extract of Olea europaea L. leaves as a potential therapeutic agent against skin cancer. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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46
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Badr AN, Naeem MA. Protective efficacy using Cape- golden berry against pre-carcinogenic aflatoxins induced in rats. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:607-615. [PMID: 31312606 PMCID: PMC6609784 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuum drying saves the CGB bioactive components. Addition of CGB to rats’ diet presents good health effects. Aflatoxins caused vigorous impacts for rats’ biochemical parameters and tissues. CGB showed an ability for AF–precarcinogenicity reduction in liver tissues. CGB recorded enhancing the liver enzymes and blood parameters of AFs-rats.
Aflatoxins are harmful compounds that induced carcinogenic impacts on tissues. It could generate oxidative stress causing cells damage. Bioactive substances from natural plants could avoid mycotoxins’ bad impacts. Cape-goldenberry (CGB), a source of active substances, was vacuum-dried at 30 °C then milled. Fresh and dried CGB-powder properties were estimated. Animal experiment was designed using six rat-groups to evaluate CBG effect to reduce harmful effect of aflatoxins. Rats treated groups were orally administrated by aflatoxins (AFs) with or without CGB in diets. Blood parameters, liver and kidney functions, serum lipids, and liver histological changes were estimated. The CGB powder showed several time doubles of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants than fresh fruits. Diet supplementation by CGB of AFs-treated rats showed enhancement in final weight, food efficiency, and weight gain compared to AFs treatment only. Also, liver and kidney functions, liver enzymes, iron level, tumors indicator, and serum lipids of AFs- rats. Moreover, total protein, albumin, and globulin reduction by AFs have been improved by CGB presence in diets. Histopathological studies for AFs-rats liver showed dilated blood sinusoids with aggregation of inflammatory, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, degenerated hepatocytes, and apoptotic cells. However, in AFs-rat groups fed CGB in diets, liver hepatocytes appeared to be almost normal similar to the control. Results pointed out that CGB recorded a corrective action for aflatoxin B1 and G1 toxicity. This was recorded for the blood and serum parameters, and liver enzymes. This CGB action avoiding AFs-toxicity was more clearly declared in the liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Noah Badr
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Naeem
- Ain Shams Specialized Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo 16096, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
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47
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ROS-Mediated Cancer Cell Killing through Dietary Phytochemicals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9051542. [PMID: 31217841 PMCID: PMC6536988 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9051542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote carcinogenesis by inducing genetic mutations, activating oncogenes, and raising oxidative stress, which all influence cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Cancer cells display redox imbalance due to increased ROS level compared to normal cells. This unique feature in cancer cells may, therefore, be exploited for targeted therapy. Over the past few decades, natural compounds have attracted attention as potential cancer therapies because of their ability to maintain cellular redox homeostasis with minimal toxicity. Preclinical studies show that bioactive dietary polyphenols exert antitumor effects by inducing ROS-mediated cytotoxicity in cancer cells. These bioactive compounds also regulate cell proliferation, survival, and apoptotic and antiapoptotic signalling pathways. In this review, we discuss (i) how ROS is generated and (ii) regulated and (iii) the cell signalling pathways affected by ROS. We also discuss (iv) the various dietary phytochemicals that have been implicated to have cancer therapeutic effects through their ROS-related functions.
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48
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Kashyap D, Garg VK, Tuli HS, Yerer MB, Sak K, Sharma AK, Kumar M, Aggarwal V, Sandhu SS. Fisetin and Quercetin: Promising Flavonoids with Chemopreventive Potential. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E174. [PMID: 31064104 PMCID: PMC6572624 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in healthcare facilities for diagnosis and treatment, cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide. As prevention is always better than cure, efficient strategies are needed in order to deal with the menace of cancer. The use of phytochemicals as adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents in heterogeneous human carcinomas like breast, colon, lung, ovary, and prostate cancers has shown an upward trend during the last decade or so. Flavonoids are well-known products of plant derivatives that are reportedly documented to be therapeutically active phytochemicals against many diseases encompassing malignancies, inflammatory disorders (cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorder), and oxidative stress. The current review focuses on two key flavonols, fisetin and quercetin, known for their potential pharmacological relevance. Also, efforts have been made to bring together most of the concrete studies pertaining to the bioactive potential of fisetin and quercetin, especially in the modulation of a range of cancer signaling pathways. Further emphasis has also been made to highlight the molecular action of quercetin and fisetin so that one could explore cancer initiation pathways and progression, which could be helpful in designing effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir Kashyap
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, Punjab, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh 160031, Punjab, India.
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Mukerrem Betul Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | | | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur 134007, Haryana, India.
| | - Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, Punjab, India.
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49
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Dabili S, Fallah S, Aein M, Vatannejad A, Panahi G, Fadaei R, Moradi N, Shojaii A. Survey of the effect of doxorubicin and flavonoid extract of white Morus alba leaf on apoptosis induction in a-172 GBM cell line. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:136-141. [PMID: 29463109 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1441871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of doxorubicin, flavonoid extract of white Morus alba leaf (MFE) and a combination of doxorubicin and flavonoid extract on Bax and Bcl2 levels and caspase 3 activity of cancer A-172 GBM cell line was investigated. Bax/Bcl2 levels of treated A-172 GBM cell line with flavonoid extract of white mulberry leaf were estimated by ELISA methods. Caspase 3 activity of treated A-172 GBM cells was determined by calorimetric assay. The flow cytometry assessment was used to estimate the apoptosis percent of treated A-172 GBM cells. Treatment of A-172 GBM cells with MFE, doxorubicin and a combination of MFE and doxorubicin caused a significant decrease in Bcl2 level and an increase in Bax level. The apoptosis percent of treated cells were also elevated significantly. Present results suggest that concomitant use of herbal medicine and chemotherapy may be an effective alternative method for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Dabili
- a Department of Biochemistry , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Soudabeh Fallah
- a Department of Biochemistry , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mojdeh Aein
- a Department of Biochemistry , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Akram Vatannejad
- b Department of Biochemistry , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- b Department of Biochemistry , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- b Department of Biochemistry , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nariman Moradi
- a Department of Biochemistry , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Asie Shojaii
- c Department of Medicinal Plants , Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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50
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β3-Adrenoreceptor Activity Limits Apigenin Efficacy in Ewing Sarcoma Cells: A Dual Approach to Prevent Cell Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092149. [PMID: 31052299 PMCID: PMC6540192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing Sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive paediatric tumour where oxidative stress and antioxidants play a central role in cancer therapy response. Inhibiting antioxidants expression, while at the same time elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, have been proposed as a valid strategy to overcome ES cancer progression. Flavonoid intake can affect free radical and nutritional status in children receiving cancer treatment, but it is not clear if it can arrest cancer progression. In particular, apigenin may enhance the effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy by inducing cell growth arrest, apoptosis, and by altering the redox state of the cells. Little is known about the use of apigenin in paediatric cancer. Recently, β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) antagonism has been proposed as a possible strategy in cancer therapy for its ability to induce apoptosis by increasing intracellular levels of ROS. In this study we show that apigenin induces cell death in ES cells by modulating apoptosis, but not increasing ROS content. Since ES cells are susceptible to an increased oxidative stress to reduce cell viability, here we demonstrate that administration of β3-ARs antagonist, SR59230A, improves the apigenin effect on cell death, identifying β3-AR as a potential discriminating factor that could address the use of apigenin in ES.
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