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Pramotton FM, Spitz S, Kamm RD. Challenges and Future Perspectives in Modeling Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Organ-on-a-Chip Technology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403892. [PMID: 38922799 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) affect more than 50 million people worldwide, posing a significant global health challenge as well as a high socioeconomic burden. With aging constituting one of the main risk factors for some NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), this societal toll is expected to rise considering the predicted increase in the aging population as well as the limited progress in the development of effective therapeutics. To address the high failure rates in clinical trials, legislative changes permitting the use of alternatives to traditional pre-clinical in vivo models are implemented. In this regard, microphysiological systems (MPS) such as organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms constitute a promising tool, due to their ability to mimic complex and human-specific tissue niches in vitro. This review summarizes the current progress in modeling NDDs using OoC technology and discusses five critical aspects still insufficiently addressed in OoC models to date. Taking these aspects into consideration in the future MPS will advance the modeling of NDDs in vitro and increase their translational value in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Michela Pramotton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Barnett AM, Dawkins L, Zou J, McNair E, Nikolova VD, Moy SS, Sutherland GT, Stevens J, Colie M, Katemboh K, Kellner H, Damian C, DeCastro S, Vetreno RP, Coleman LG. Loss of neuronal lysosomal acid lipase drives amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.09.596693. [PMID: 38915509 PMCID: PMC11195138 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.09.596693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Underlying drivers of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) pathology remain unknown. However, multiple biologically diverse risk factors share a common pathological progression. To identify convergent molecular abnormalities that drive LOAD pathogenesis we compared two common midlife risk factors for LOAD, heavy alcohol use and obesity. This revealed that disrupted lipophagy is an underlying cause of LOAD pathogenesis. Both exposures reduced lysosomal flux, with a loss of neuronal lysosomal acid lipase (LAL). This resulted in neuronal lysosomal lipid (NLL) accumulation, which opposed Aβ localization to lysosomes. Neuronal LAL loss both preceded (with aging) and promoted (targeted knockdown) Aβ pathology and cognitive deficits in AD mice. The addition of recombinant LAL ex vivo and neuronal LAL overexpression in vivo prevented amyloid increases and improved cognition. In WT mice, neuronal LAL declined with aging and correlated negatively with entorhinal Aβ. In healthy human brain, LAL also declined with age, suggesting this contributes to the age-related vulnerability for AD. In human LOAD LAL was further reduced, correlated negatively with Aβ 1-42 , and occurred with polymerase pausing at the LAL gene. Together, this finds that the loss of neuronal LAL promotes NLL accumulation to impede degradation of Aβ in neuronal lysosomes to drive AD amyloid pathology. Summary Cellular and molecular drivers of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) are unknown, though several risk factors account for the majority of disease incidence 1-5 . Though diverse in their biological natures, each of these risk exposures converge on a shared pathological progression with the accumulation of amyloid early in the disease. Human genetic and transcriptomic studies suggest a role for altered lipid metabolism 6-9 , though the mechanism has been unknown. Here, using two common midlife risk exposures for LOAD, we found that dysfunctional lipophagy caused by the loss of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) promotes early LOAD pathogenesis. Both midlife obesity and heavy alcohol reduced neuronal LAL, causing an increase in neuronal lysosomal lipid, and a subsequent accumulation of Aβ in the extra-lysosomal cytosol. This loss of LAL preceded and promoted Aβ pathology and cognitive deficits in AD mice. The addition of recombinant LAL ex vivo and neuronal LAL overexpression in vivo prevented increases in amyloid and improved cognition. In human brain, LAL declined with age in healthy subjects, similar to rodents, showing robust losses in LOAD subjects with polymerase pausing. Together, this implicates neuronal LAL loss in LOAD pathogenesis and presents LAL as a promising diagnostic, preventative, and/or therapeutic target for AD.
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Yang Y, Che Y, Fang M, Yao X, Zhou D, Wang F, Chen G, Liang D, Li N, Hou Y. Reynosin protects neuronal cells from microglial neuroinflammation by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediated by NADPH oxidase. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:486-500. [PMID: 38906597 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, mediated by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, is a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Reynosin, a natural sesquiterpene lactone (SL), exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, suggesting its potential therapeutic value. However, the effects and mechanism of reynosin on neuroinflammation remain elusive. The current study explores the effects and mechanisms of reynosin on neuroinflammation using mice and BV-2 microglial cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our findings reveal that reynosin effectively reduces microglial inflammation in vitro, as demonstrated by decreased CD11b expression and lowered interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) mRNA and protein levels. Correspondingly, in vivo, results showed a reduction in the number of Iba-1 positive cells and alleviation of morphological alterations, alongside decreased expressions of IL-1β and IL-18. Further analysis indicates that reynosin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, evidenced by reduced transcription of NLRP3 and caspase-1, diminished NLRP3 protein expression, inhibited apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) oligomerization, and decreased caspase-1 self-cleavage. Additionally, reynosin curtailed the activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, demonstrated by reduced NADP+ and NADPH levels, downregulation of gp91phox mRNA, protein expression, suppression of p47phox expression and translocation to the membrane. Moreover, reynosin exhibited a neuroprotective effect against microglial inflammation in vivo and in vitro. These collective findings underscore reynosin's capacity to mitigate microglial inflammation by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome, thus highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yue Che
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Mingxia Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiaohu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110000, China.
| | - Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China.
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Velezmoro Jauregui G, Vukić D, Onyango IG, Arias C, Novotný JS, Texlová K, Wang S, Kovačovicova KL, Polakova N, Zelinkova J, Čarna M, Lacovich V, Head BP, Havas D, Mistrik M, Zorec R, Verkhratsky A, Keegan L, O'Connell MA, Rissman R, Stokin GB. Amyloid precursor protein induces reactive astrogliosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14142. [PMID: 38584589 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM Astrocytes respond to stressors by acquiring a reactive state characterized by changes in their morphology and function. Molecules underlying reactive astrogliosis, however, remain largely unknown. Given that several studies observed increase in the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) in reactive astrocytes, we here test whether APP plays a role in reactive astrogliosis. METHODS We investigated whether APP instigates reactive astroglios by examining in vitro and in vivo the morphology and function of naive and APP-deficient astrocytes in response to APP and well-established stressors. RESULTS Overexpression of APP in cultured astrocytes led to remodeling of the intermediate filament network, enhancement of cytokine production, and activation of cellular programs centered around the interferon (IFN) pathway, all signs of reactive astrogliosis. Conversely, APP deletion abrogated remodeling of the intermediate filament network and blunted expression of IFN-stimulated gene products in response to lipopolysaccharide. Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), mouse reactive astrocytes also exhibited an association between APP and IFN, while APP deletion curbed the increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein observed canonically in astrocytes in response to TBI. CONCLUSIONS The APP thus represents a candidate molecular inducer and regulator of reactive astrogliosis. This finding has implications for understanding pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and other diseases of the nervous system characterized by reactive astrogliosis and opens potential new therapeutic avenues targeting APP and its pathways to modulate reactive astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretsen Velezmoro Jauregui
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dragana Vukić
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomedical Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Isaac G Onyango
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Arias
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jan S Novotný
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Texlová
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Natalie Polakova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zelinkova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Čarna
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Valentina Lacovich
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Brian P Head
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Martin Mistrik
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Technology Park, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IIKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liam Keegan
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mary A O'Connell
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
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Liu C, Cárdenas-Rivera A, Teitelbaum S, Birmingham A, Alfadhel M, Yaseen MA. Neuroinflammation increases oxygen extraction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:78. [PMID: 38600598 PMCID: PMC11005245 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation, impaired metabolism, and hypoperfusion are fundamental pathological hallmarks of early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Numerous studies have asserted a close association between neuroinflammation and disrupted cerebral energetics. During AD progression and other neurodegenerative disorders, a persistent state of chronic neuroinflammation reportedly exacerbates cytotoxicity and potentiates neuronal death. Here, we assessed the impact of a neuroinflammatory challenge on metabolic demand and microvascular hemodynamics in the somatosensory cortex of an AD mouse model. METHODS We utilized in vivo 2-photon microscopy and the phosphorescent oxygen sensor Oxyphor 2P to measure partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and capillary red blood cell flux in cortical microvessels of awake mice. Intravascular pO2 and capillary RBC flux measurements were performed in 8-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice and wildtype littermates on days 0, 7, and 14 of a 14-day period of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. RESULTS Before the induced inflammatory challenge, AD mice demonstrated reduced metabolic demand but similar capillary red blood cell flux as their wild type counterparts. Neuroinflammation provoked significant reductions in cerebral intravascular oxygen levels and elevated oxygen extraction in both animal groups, without significantly altering red blood cell flux in capillaries. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that neuroinflammation alters cerebral oxygen demand at the early stages of AD without substantially altering vascular oxygen supply. The results will guide our understanding of neuroinflammation's influence on neuroimaging biomarkers for early AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Shayna Teitelbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Austin Birmingham
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mohammed Alfadhel
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mohammad A Yaseen
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Brown GC, Heneka MT. The endotoxin hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:30. [PMID: 38561809 PMCID: PMC10983749 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes much of the surface of Gram-negative bacteria, and if LPS enters the human body or brain can induce inflammation and act as an endotoxin. We outline the hypothesis here that LPS may contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via peripheral infections or gut dysfunction elevating LPS levels in blood and brain, which promotes: amyloid pathology, tau pathology and microglial activation, contributing to the neurodegeneration of AD. The evidence supporting this hypothesis includes: i) blood and brain levels of LPS are elevated in AD patients, ii) AD risk factors increase LPS levels or response, iii) LPS induces Aβ expression, aggregation, inflammation and neurotoxicity, iv) LPS induces TAU phosphorylation, aggregation and spreading, v) LPS induces microglial priming, activation and neurotoxicity, and vi) blood LPS induces loss of synapses, neurons and memory in AD mouse models, and cognitive dysfunction in humans. However, to test the hypothesis, it is necessary to test whether reducing blood LPS reduces AD risk or progression. If the LPS endotoxin hypothesis is correct, then treatments might include: reducing infections, changing gut microbiome, reducing leaky gut, decreasing blood LPS, or blocking LPS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Ganesan K, Rentsch P, Langdon A, Milham LT, Vissel B. Modeling sporadic Alzheimer's disease in mice by combining Apolipoprotein E4 risk gene with environmental risk factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1357405. [PMID: 38476659 PMCID: PMC10927790 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1357405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Developing effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a challenge. This can be partially attributed to the fact that the mouse models used in preclinical research largely replicate familial form of AD, while majority of human cases are sporadic; both forms differ widely in the onset and origin of pathology, therefore requiring specific/targeted treatments. Methods In this study, we aimed to model sporadic AD in mice by combining two of the many risk factors that are strongly implicated in AD: ApoE4, a major genetic risk factor, together with an inflammatory stimuli. Accordingly, we subjected ApoE4 knock in (KI) mice, expressing humanized ApoE4, to low doses of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections (i.p, weekly, for 4 months). Results We assessed these animals for behavioral impairments at 6 months of age using Open Field, Y-maze, and Barnes Maze Test. LPS induced hypoactivity was observed in the Open Field and Y-maze test, whereas spatial learning and memory was intact. We then quantified differences in dendritic spine density, which is a strong correlate of AD. ApoE4KI mice showed a significant reduction in the number of spines after treatment with LPS, whereas there were no obvious differences in the total number of microglia and astrocytes. Discussion To conclude, in the current study the APoEe4 risk gene increases the vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to inflammation induced spine loss, laying a foundation for an early sporadic AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Ganesan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peggy Rentsch
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Langdon
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke T. Milham
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Cichońska D, Mazuś M, Kusiak A. Recent Aspects of Periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2612. [PMID: 38473858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of the teeth. Periodontal conditions may increase the susceptibility of individuals to various systemic illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a gradual onset and progressive deterioration, making it the primary cause of dementia, although the exact cause of the disease remains elusive. Both Alzheimer's disease and periodontitis share risk factors and clinical studies comparing the associations and occurrence of periodontitis among individuals with Alzheimer's disease have suggested a potential correlation between these conditions. Brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease have substantiated the existence of microorganisms related to periodontitis, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis, which produces neurotoxic gingipains and may present the capability to breach the blood-brain barrier. Treponema denticola may induce tau hyperphosphorylation and lead to neuronal apoptosis. Lipopolysaccharides-components of bacterial cell membranes and mediators of inflammation-also have an impact on brain function. Further research could unveil therapeutic approaches targeting periodontal pathogens to potentially alleviate AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Cichońska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, Orzeszkowej 18 St. 18, 80-208 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Mazuś
- Student Research Group of the Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, Orzeszkowej 18 St. 18, 80-208 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aida Kusiak
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, Orzeszkowej 18 St. 18, 80-208 Gdańsk, Poland
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Szlufik S, Kopeć K, Szleszkowski S, Koziorowski D. Glymphatic System Pathology and Neuroinflammation as Two Risk Factors of Neurodegeneration. Cells 2024; 13:286. [PMID: 38334678 PMCID: PMC10855155 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The key to the effective treatment of neurodegenerative disorders is a thorough understanding of their pathomechanism. Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are mutually propelling brain processes. An impairment of glymphatic system function in neurodegeneration contributes to the progression of pathological processes. The question arises as to how neuroinflammation and the glymphatic system are related. This review highlights the direct and indirect influence of these two seemingly independent processes. Protein aggregates, a characteristic feature of neurodegeneration, are correlated with glymphatic clearance and neuroinflammation. Glial cells cannot be overlooked when considering the neuroinflammatory processes. Astrocytes are essential for the effective functioning of the glymphatic system and play a crucial role in the inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. It is imperative to acknowledge the significance of AQP4, a protein that exhibits a high degree of polarization in astrocytes and is crucial for the functioning of the glymphatic system. AQP4 influences inflammatory processes that have not yet been clearly delineated. Another interesting issue is the gut-brain axis and microbiome, which potentially impact the discussed processes. A discussion of the correlation between the functioning of the glymphatic system and neuroinflammation may contribute to exploring the pathomechanism of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Szlufik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland; (K.K.)
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Li Y, Chen X, Zhou M, Feng S, Peng X, Wang Y. Microglial TLR4/NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:75-88. [PMID: 38043010 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a pervasive neurodegenerative disease that is estimated to represent approximately 70% of dementia cases worldwide, and the molecular complexity that has been highlighted remains poorly understood. The accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ), intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation are the major pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Over the years, there has been no apparent breakthrough in drug discovery based on the Aβ and tau hypotheses. Neuroinflammation has gradually become a hot spot in AD treatment research. As the primary cells of innate immunity in the central nervous system, microglia play a key role in neuroinflammation. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes are vital molecules in neuroinflammation. In the pathological context of AD, the complex interplay between TLR4 and the NLRP3 inflammasomes in microglia influences AD pathology via neuroinflammation. In this review, the effect of the activation and inhibition of TLR4 and NLRP3 in microglia on AD pathology, as well as the cross-talk between TLR4 and the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the influence of essential molecules in the relevant signaling pathway on AD pathology, were expounded. In addition, the feasibility of these factors in representing a potential treatment option for AD has been clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiongjin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mulan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, China
| | - Sifan Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Jauregui GV, Vukić D, Onyango IG, Arias C, Novotný JS, Texlová K, Wang S, Kovačovicova KL, Polakova N, Zelinkova J, Čarna M, Strašil VL, Head BP, Havas D, Mistrik M, Zorec R, Verkhratsky A, Keegan L, O'Connel M, Rissman R, Stokin GB. Amyloid precursor protein induces reactive astrogliosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.571817. [PMID: 38187544 PMCID: PMC10769227 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.571817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
We present in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrating that Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) acts as an essential instigator of reactive astrogliosis. Cell-specific overexpression of APP in cultured astrocytes led to remodelling of the intermediate filament network, enhancement of cytokine production and activation of cellular programs centred around the interferon (IFN) pathway, all signs of reactive astrogliosis. Conversely, APP deletion in cultured astrocytes abrogated remodelling of the intermediate filament network and blunted expression of IFN stimulated gene (ISG) products in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), mouse reactive astrocytes also exhibited an association between APP and IFN, while APP deletion curbed the increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) observed canonically in astrocytes in response to TBI. Thus, APP represents a molecular inducer and regulator of reactive astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretsen Velezmoro Jauregui
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dragana Vukić
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno Czech Republic
| | - Isaac G Onyango
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Arias
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jan S Novotný
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Texlová
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Natalie Polakova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zelinkova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Čarna
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Brian P Head
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Martin Mistrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Technology Park, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IIKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liam Keegan
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mary O'Connel
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
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12
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Kim SH, Ju IG, Kim JH, Eo H, Son SR, Jang DS, Oh MS. Linderae Radix Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Damage in Alzheimer's Disease Models. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7196-7207. [PMID: 37542650 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and synaptic damage are important etiologies associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Linderae Radix (LR) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated whether LR attenuates microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and synaptic degeneration and improves AD pathological phenotypes induced by amyloid beta oligomers (AβO) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) toxicity. For in vitro studies, we treated LR to AβO-stimulated HT22 cells or LR LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. For in vivo studies, we administered LR to mice and AβO was injected by stereotaxic to induce cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and synaptic loss. We found that LR increased the cell viability reduced by AβO. Moreover, LR inhibited pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and downregulated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in BV2 cells. Behavioral assessments demonstrated that LR administration significantly improved cognitive decline induced by AβO-injection. Furthermore, we found that microglia activation increased, and the expression of synaptic proteins decreased in the hippocampus of the AβO-injected group, which was alleviated in the LR-treated group. These findings suggest that LR may be a potential candidate for protection against neuroinflammation and synaptic loss, and may prevent or delay AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hye Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In Gyoung Ju
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ri Son
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Zhang T, Gao G, Kwok LY, Sun Z. Gut microbiome-targeted therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2271613. [PMID: 37934614 PMCID: PMC10631445 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2271613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput 'omics' technologies has improved our knowledge of gut microbiome in human health and disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Frequent bidirectional communications and mutual regulation exist between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. A large body of research has reported a close association between the gut microbiota and AD development, and restoring a healthy gut microbiota may curb or even improve AD symptoms and progression. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiota has become a novel paradigm for clinical management of AD, and emerging effort has focused on developing potential novel strategies for preventing and/or treating the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the connection and causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD, the mechanisms of gut microbiota in driving AD progression, and the successes and challenges of implementing available gut microbiome-targeted therapies (including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation) in preventive and/or therapeutic preclinical and clinical intervention studies of AD. Finally, we discuss the future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guangqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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14
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Weiler M, Stieger KC, Shroff K, Klein JP, Wood WH, Zhang Y, Chandrasekaran P, Lehrmann E, Camandola S, Long JM, Mattson MP, Becker KG, Rapp PR. Transcriptional changes in the rat brain induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1215291. [PMID: 38021223 PMCID: PMC10679736 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1215291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique that uses pulsed magnetic fields to affect the physiology of the brain and central nervous system. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used to study and treat several neurological conditions, but its complex molecular basis is largely unexplored. Methods Utilizing three experimental rat models (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) and employing genome-wide microarray analysis, our study reveals the extensive impact of rTMS treatment on gene expression patterns. Results These effects are observed across various stimulation protocols, in diverse tissues, and are influenced by time and age. Notably, rTMS-induced alterations in gene expression span a wide range of biological pathways, such as glutamatergic, GABAergic, and anti-inflammatory pathways, ion channels, myelination, mitochondrial energetics, multiple neuron-and synapse-specific genes. Discussion This comprehensive transcriptional analysis induced by rTMS stimulation serves as a foundational characterization for subsequent experimental investigations and the exploration of potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Weiler
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin C. Stieger
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kavisha Shroff
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jessie P. Klein
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William H. Wood
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Prabha Chandrasekaran
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Long
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter R. Rapp
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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15
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Liu C, Cardenas-Rivera A, Teitelbaum S, Birmingham A, Alfadhel M, Yaseen MA. Neuroinflammation increases oxygen extraction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562353. [PMID: 37905082 PMCID: PMC10614808 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, impaired metabolism, and hypoperfusion are fundamental pathological hallmarks of early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Numerous studies have asserted a close association between neuroinflammation and disrupted cerebral energetics. During AD progression and other neurodegenerative disorders, a persistent state of chronic neuroinflammation reportedly exacerbates cytotoxicity and potentiates neuronal death. Here, we assessed the impact of a neuroinflammatory challenge on metabolic demand and microvascular hemodynamics in the somatosensory cortex of an AD mouse model. We utilized in vivo 2-photon microscopy and the phosphorescent oxygen sensor Oxyphor 2P to measure partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and capillary red blood cell flux in cortical microvessels of awake mice. Intravascular pO2 and capillary RBC flux measurements were performed in 8-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice and wildtype littermates on days 0, 7, and 14 of a 14-day period of lipopolysaccaride-induced neuroinflammation. Before the induced inflammatory challenge, AD mice demonstrated reduced metabolic demand but similar capillary red blood cell flux as their wild type counterparts. Neuroinflammation provoked significant reductions in cerebral intravascular oxygen levels and elevated oxygen extraction in both animal groups, without significantly altering red blood cell flux in capillaries. This study provides evidence that neuroinflammation alters cerebral oxygen demand at the early stages of AD without substantially altering vascular oxygen supply. The results will guide our understanding of neuroinflammation's influence on neuroimaging biomarkers for early AD diagnosis.
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16
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López-Villodres JA, Escamilla A, Mercado-Sáenz S, Alba-Tercedor C, Rodriguez-Perez LM, Arranz-Salas I, Sanchez-Varo R, Bermúdez D. Microbiome Alterations and Alzheimer's Disease: Modeling Strategies with Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1846. [PMID: 37509487 PMCID: PMC10377071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been gaining momentum in the context of many neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes, respectively. Notably, a balanced gut microbiota contributes to the epithelial intestinal barrier maintenance, modulates the host immune system, and releases neurotransmitters and/or neuroprotective short-chain fatty acids. However, dysbiosis may provoke immune dysregulation, impacting neuroinflammation through peripheral-central immune communication. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide or detrimental microbial end-products can cross the blood-brain barrier and induce or at least potentiate the neuropathological progression of AD. Thus, after repeated failure to find a cure for this dementia, a necessary paradigmatic shift towards considering AD as a systemic disorder has occurred. Here, we present an overview of the use of germ-free and/or transgenic animal models as valid tools to unravel the connection between dysbiosis, metabolic diseases, and AD, and to investigate novel therapeutical targets. Given the high impact of dietary habits, not only on the microbiota but also on other well-established AD risk factors such as diabetes or obesity, consistent changes of lifestyle along with microbiome-based therapies should be considered as complementary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio López-Villodres
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escamilla
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Silvia Mercado-Sáenz
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Alba-Tercedor
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Rodriguez-Perez
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Arranz-Salas
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Unidad de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Bermúdez
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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17
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Depp C, Sun T, Sasmita AO, Spieth L, Berghoff SA, Nazarenko T, Overhoff K, Steixner-Kumar AA, Subramanian S, Arinrad S, Ruhwedel T, Möbius W, Göbbels S, Saher G, Werner HB, Damkou A, Zampar S, Wirths O, Thalmann M, Simons M, Saito T, Saido T, Krueger-Burg D, Kawaguchi R, Willem M, Haass C, Geschwind D, Ehrenreich H, Stassart R, Nave KA. Myelin dysfunction drives amyloid-β deposition in models of Alzheimer's disease. Nature 2023; 618:349-357. [PMID: 37258678 PMCID: PMC10247380 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, increases rapidly with age, but why age constitutes the main risk factor is still poorly understood. Brain ageing affects oligodendrocytes and the structural integrity of myelin sheaths1, the latter of which is associated with secondary neuroinflammation2,3. As oligodendrocytes support axonal energy metabolism and neuronal health4-7, we hypothesized that loss of myelin integrity could be an upstream risk factor for neuronal amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, the central neuropathological hallmark of AD. Here we identify genetic pathways of myelin dysfunction and demyelinating injuries as potent drivers of amyloid deposition in mouse models of AD. Mechanistically, myelin dysfunction causes the accumulation of the Aβ-producing machinery within axonal swellings and increases the cleavage of cortical amyloid precursor protein. Suprisingly, AD mice with dysfunctional myelin lack plaque-corralling microglia despite an overall increase in their numbers. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics of AD mouse models with myelin defects show that there is a concomitant induction of highly similar but distinct disease-associated microglia signatures specific to myelin damage and amyloid plaques, respectively. Despite successful induction, amyloid disease-associated microglia (DAM) that usually clear amyloid plaques are apparently distracted to nearby myelin damage. Our data suggest a working model whereby age-dependent structural defects of myelin promote Aβ plaque formation directly and indirectly and are therefore an upstream AD risk factor. Improving oligodendrocyte health and myelin integrity could be a promising target to delay development and slow progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Depp
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrew Octavian Sasmita
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Spieth
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan A Berghoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Taisiia Nazarenko
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Overhoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Agnes A Steixner-Kumar
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Swati Subramanian
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sahab Arinrad
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Göbbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alkmini Damkou
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Zampar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maik Thalmann
- Department of German Philology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Dilja Krueger-Burg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Willem
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruth Stassart
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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18
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Yu D, Ahmed A, Jayasi J, Womac A, Sally O, Bae C. Inflammation condition sensitizes Piezo1 mechanosensitive channel in mouse cerebellum astrocyte. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1200946. [PMID: 37305437 PMCID: PMC10248153 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1200946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 mechanosensitive ion channel (MSC) plays a significant role in human physiology. Despite several research on the function and expression of Piezo1 in the nervous system, its electrophysiological properties in neuroinflammatory astrocytes remain unknown. We tested whether astrocytic neuroinflammatory state regulates Piezo1 using electrical recordings, calcium imaging, and wound healing assays on cultured astrocytes. In this study, we determined whether neuroinflammatory condition regulates astrocytic Piezo1 currents in astrocytes. First, we performed electrophysiological recordings on the mouse cerebellum astrocytes (C8-S) under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory condition. We found that LPS treatment significantly increased MSC currents in C8-S. The half-maximal pressure of LPS treated MSC currents was left-shifted but the slope sensitivity was not altered by LPS treatment. LPS-induced increase of MSC currents were further augmented by Piezo1 agonist, Yoda1 but were normalized by Piezo1 inhibitor, GsMTx4. Furthermore, silencing Piezo1 in LPS treated C8-S normalized not only MSC currents but also calcium influx and cell migration velocity. Together, our results show that LPS sensitized Piezo1 channel in C8-S astrocytes. These findings will suggest that astrocytic Piezo1 is a determinant of neuroinflammation pathogenesis and may in turn become the foundation of further research into curing several neuronal illnesses and injury related inflammation of neuronal cells.
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19
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Sbai O, Bazzani V, Tapaswi S, McHale J, Vascotto C, Perrone L. Is Drp1 a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease? Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1166879. [PMID: 37251647 PMCID: PMC10213291 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1166879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances highlight that inflammation is critical to Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathogenesis. Indeed, several diseases characterized by inflammation are considered risk factors for AD, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and traumatic brain injury. Moreover, allelic variations in genes involved in the inflammatory cascade are risk factors for AD. AD is also characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, which affects the energy homeostasis of the brain. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction has been characterized mostly in neuronal cells. However, recent data are demonstrating that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs also in inflammatory cells, promoting inflammation and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn induce neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize the recent finding supporting the hypothesis of the inflammatory-amyloid cascade in AD. Moreover, we describe the recent data that demonstrate the link between altered mitochondrial dysfunction and the inflammatory cascade. We focus in summarizing the role of Drp1, which is involved in mitochondrial fission, showing that altered Drp1 activation affects the mitochondrial homeostasis and leads to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, promoting the inflammatory cascade, which in turn aggravates Amyloid beta (Ab) deposition and tau-induced neurodegeneration, showing the relevance of this pro-inflammatory pathway as an early event in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Sbai
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Joshua McHale
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Vascotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lorena Perrone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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20
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Khezri MR, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Gut microbiota and circadian rhythm in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology: a review and hypothesis on their association. NPJ AGING 2023; 9:9. [PMID: 37130863 PMCID: PMC10154390 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Different pathologic changes have been introduced to be involved in its progression. Although amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation are mainly considered the main characterizations of AD, several other processes are involved. In recent years, several other changes, including alterations in gut microbiota proportion and circadian rhythms, have been noticed due to their role in AD progression. However, the exact mechanism indicating the association between circadian rhythms and gut microbiota abundance has not been investigated yet. This paper aims to review the role of gut microbiota and circadian rhythm in AD pathophysiology and introduces a hypothesis to explain their association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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21
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Functional Two-Way Crosstalk Between Brain and Lung: The Brain-Lung Axis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:991-1003. [PMID: 35678887 PMCID: PMC9178545 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The brain has many connections with various organs. Recent advances have demonstrated the existence of a bidirectional central nervous system (CNS) and intestinal tract, that is, the brain-gut axis. Although studies have suggested that the brain and lung can communicate with each other through many pathways, whether there is a brain-lung axis remains still unknown. Based on previous findings, we put forward a hypothesis: there is a cross-talk between the central nervous system and the lung via neuroanatomical pathway, endocrine pathway, immune pathway, metabolites and microorganism pathway, gas pathway, that is, the brain-lung axis. Beyond the regulation of the physiological state in the body, bi-directional communication between the lung and the brain is associated with a variety of disease states, including lung diseases and CNS diseases. Exploring the brain-lung axis not only helps us to understand the development of the disease from different aspects, but also provides an important target for treatment strategies.
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22
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Yang Y, Yu Q, Li B, Li S, Yang Z, Yuan F, Liu Z. A single dose of lipopolysaccharide elicits autofluorescence in the mouse brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1126273. [PMID: 37020861 PMCID: PMC10067636 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1126273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One hallmark of aging is autofluorescence (AF) in the brain. However, the underlying mechanism for inducing AF remains unknown. This study aims to determine the cause(s) of this phenomenon. The endogenous expression pattern of AF in mice was examined at differing ages. Intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was performed to induce AF. Copper sulfate was applied to remove AF to allow for further immunofluorescence staining. AF appeared in the mouse brain as early as 3 months of age. In the cortex, AF occurs in the lysosomes of microglia, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells and its prevalence increases with age. Interestingly, AF never occurs in the pericytes of young or aged brains. LPS administration resulted in a rapid and marked induction of brain AF, similar to the normal aging process. Finally, age-related and induced AF can be eliminated by low concentrations of copper sulfate solution. This pre-treatment is safe for aging and lineage tracing studies. These findings depict that AF in the brain could be associated with the innate immune response against Gram-negative bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Qingting Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Zhoushan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zhoushan, China
| | - Shijia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zuisu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Falei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- Falei Yuan,
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongliang Liu,
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23
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Meng HW, Kim JH, Kim HY, Lee AY, Cho EJ. Paeoniflorin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Inhibition of Amyloidogenesis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054838. [PMID: 36902268 PMCID: PMC10003666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, associated with progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. In the present study, we examined the protective effects of paeoniflorin against memory loss and cognitive decline in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice. Treatment with paeoniflorin alleviated LPS-induced neurobehavioral dysfunction, as confirmed by behavioral tests, including the T-maze test, novel-object recognition test, and Morris water maze test. LPS stimulated the amyloidogenic pathway-related proteins (amyloid precursor protein, APP; β-site APP cleavage enzyme, BACE; presenilin1, PS1; presenilin2, PS2) expression in the brain. However, paeoniflorin decreased APP, BACE, PS1, and PS2 protein levels. Therefore, paeoniflorin reverses LPS-induced cognitive impairment via inhibition of the amyloidogenic pathway in mice, which suggests that paeoniflorin may be useful in the prevention of neuroinflammation related to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen Meng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (A.Y.L.); (E.J.C.)
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (A.Y.L.); (E.J.C.)
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24
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Erickson MA, Logsdon AF, Rhea EM, Hansen KM, Holden SJ, Banks WA, Smith JL, German C, Farr SA, Morley JE, Weaver RR, Hirsch AJ, Kovac A, Kontsekova E, Baumann KK, Omer MA, Raber J. Blood-brain barrier penetration of non-replicating SARS-CoV-2 and S1 variants of concern induce neuroinflammation which is accentuated in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:251-268. [PMID: 36682515 PMCID: PMC9867649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 and especially Long COVID are associated with severe CNS symptoms and may place persons at risk to develop long-term cognitive impairments. Here, we show that two non-infective models of SARS-CoV-2 can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and induce neuroinflammation, a major mechanism underpinning CNS and cognitive impairments, even in the absence of productive infection. The viral models cross the BBB by the mechanism of adsorptive transcytosis with the sugar N-acetylglucosamine being key. The delta and omicron variants cross the BB B faster than the other variants of concern, with peripheral tissue uptake rates also differing for the variants. Neuroinflammation induced by icv injection of S1 protein was greatly enhanced in young and especially in aged SAMP8 mice, a model of Alzheimer's disease, whereas sex and obesity had little effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Erickson
- Geriatrics Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aric F Logsdon
- Geriatrics Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Rhea
- Geriatrics Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kim M Hansen
- Geriatrics Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah J Holden
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatrics Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jessica L Smith
- The Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA; Division of Pathobiology and Immunology Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Cody German
- The Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA; Division of Pathobiology and Immunology Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Susan A Farr
- Saint Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Riley R Weaver
- Geriatrics Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alec J Hirsch
- The Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA; Division of Pathobiology and Immunology Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kontsekova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristen K Baumann
- Geriatrics Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohamed A Omer
- Geriatrics Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
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25
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Exosomes: A missing link between chronic systemic inflammation and Alzheimer's disease? Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114161. [PMID: 36641928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are potent mediators of physiological and pathological processes. In Alzheimer's disease and inflammatory disorders, due to exosomes' distinctive ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, a bidirectional communication between the periphery and the central nervous system exists. Since exosomes can carry various biochemical molecules, this review investigates the role of exosomes as possible mediators between chronic systemic inflammatory diseases and Alzheimer's disease. Exosomes carry pro-inflammatory molecules generated in the periphery, travel to the central nervous system, and target glial and neuronal cells. Microglia and astrocytes then become activated, initiating chronic neuroinflammation. As the aging brain is more susceptible to such changes, this state of neuroinflammation can stimulate neuropathologies, impair amyloid-beta clearance capabilities, and generate dysregulated microRNAs that alter the expression of genes critical in Alzheimer's disease pathology. These processes, individually and collectively, become significant risk factors for the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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26
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Schnöder L, Quan W, Yu Y, Tomic I, Luo Q, Hao W, Peng G, Li D, Fassbender K, Liu Y. Deficiency of IKKβ in neurons ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology in APP- and tau-transgenic mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22778. [PMID: 36688823 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201512r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, inflammatory activation regulates protein levels of amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), as well as neurodegeneration; however, the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. We constructed APP- and tau-transgenic AD mice with deletion of IKKβ specifically in neurons, and observed that IKKβ deficiency reduced cerebral Aβ and p-tau, and modified inflammatory activation in both AD mice. However, neuronal deficiency of IKKβ decreased apoptosis and maintained synaptic proteins (e.g., PSD-95 and Munc18-1) in the brain and improved cognitive function only in APP-transgenic mice, but not in tau-transgenic mice. Additionally, IKKβ deficiency decreased BACE1 protein and activity in APP-transgenic mouse brain and cultured SH-SY5Y cells. IKKβ deficiency increased expression of PP2A catalytic subunit isoform A, an enzyme dephosphorylating cerebral p-tau, in the brain of tau-transgenic mice. Interestingly, deficiency of IKKβ in neurons enhanced autophagy as indicated by the increased ratio of LC3B-II/I in brains of both APP- and tau-transgenic mice. Thus, IKKβ deficiency in neurons ameliorates AD-associated pathology in APP- and tau-transgenic mice, perhaps by decreasing Aβ production, increasing p-tau dephosphorylation, and promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of BACE1 and p-tau aggregates in the brain. However, IKKβ deficiency differently protects neurons in APP- and tau-transgenic mice. Further studies are needed, particularly in the context of interaction between Aβ and p-tau, before IKKβ/NF-κB can be targeted for AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schnöder
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenqiang Quan
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Inge Tomic
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenlin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
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27
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Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Russell AE, Povroznik JM, McDonald KO, Porter KN, Wang DS, Hammock J, Billig BK, Felton CC, Yilmaz A, Schreurs BG, O'Callaghan JD, Zwezdaryk KJ, Simpkins JW. Intermittent systemic exposure to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation disrupts hippocampal long-term potentiation and impairs cognition in aging male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:279-291. [PMID: 36549577 PMCID: PMC10019559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline, a common component of the brain aging process, is associated with significant impairment in daily functioning and quality of life among geriatric adults. While the complexity of mechanisms underlying cognitive aging are still being elucidated, microbial exposure and the multifactorial inflammatory cascades associated with systemic infections are emerging as potential drivers of neurological senescence. The negative cognitive and neurobiological consequences of a single pathogen-associated inflammatory experience, such as that modeled through treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are well documented. Yet, the brain aging impacts of repeated, intermittent inflammatory challenges are less well studied. To extend the emerging literature assessing the impact of infection burden on cognitive function among normally aging mice, here, we repeatedly exposed adult mice to intermittent LPS challenges during the aging period. Male 10-month-old C57BL6 mice were systemically administered escalating doses of LPS once every two weeks for 2.5 months. We evaluated cognitive consequences using the non-spatial step-through inhibitory avoidance task, and both spatial working and reference memory versions of the Morris water maze. We also probed several potential mechanisms, including cortical and hippocampal cytokine/chemokine gene expression, as well as hippocampal neuronal function via extracellular field potential recordings. Though there was limited evidence for an ongoing inflammatory state in cortex and hippocampus, we observed impaired learning and memory and a disruption of hippocampal long-term potentiation. These data suggest that a history of intermittent exposure to LPS-induced inflammation is associated with subtle but significantly impaired cognition among normally aging mice. The broader impact of these findings may have important implications for standard of care involving infections in aging individuals or populations at-risk for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Engler-Chiurazzi
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70114, USA; Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - A E Russell
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Biology, School of Science, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, Erie, PA 16563, USA; Magee Women's Research Institute, Allied Member, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - J M Povroznik
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - K O McDonald
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70114, USA
| | - K N Porter
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - D S Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - J Hammock
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - B K Billig
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - C C Felton
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - A Yilmaz
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - B G Schreurs
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - J D O'Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - K J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70114, USA
| | - J W Simpkins
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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28
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Kalyan M, Tousif AH, Sonali S, Vichitra C, Sunanda T, Praveenraj SS, Ray B, Gorantla VR, Rungratanawanich W, Mahalakshmi AM, Qoronfleh MW, Monaghan TM, Song BJ, Essa MM, Chidambaram SB. Role of Endogenous Lipopolysaccharides in Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244038. [PMID: 36552802 PMCID: PMC9777235 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a cell-wall immunostimulatory endotoxin component of Gram-negative bacteria. A growing body of evidence reveals that alterations in the bacterial composition of the intestinal microbiota (gut dysbiosis) disrupt host immune homeostasis and the intestinal barrier function. Microbial dysbiosis leads to a proinflammatory milieu and systemic endotoxemia, which contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders. Two important pathophysiological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammation, which can be initiated by elevated intestinal permeability, with increased abundance of pathobionts. These changes lead to excessive release of LPS and other bacterial products into blood, which in turn induce chronic systemic inflammation, which damages the blood-brain barrier (BBB). An impaired BBB allows the translocation of potentially harmful bacterial products, including LPS, and activated neutrophils/leucocytes into the brain, which results in neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Chronic neuroinflammation causes neuronal damage and synaptic loss, leading to memory impairment. LPS-induced inflammation causes inappropriate activation of microglia, astrocytes, and dendritic cells. Consequently, these alterations negatively affect mitochondrial function and lead to increases in oxidative/nitrative stress and neuronal senescence. These cellular changes in the brain give rise to specific clinical symptoms, such as impairment of locomotor function, muscle weakness, paralysis, learning deficits, and dementia. This review summarizes the contributing role of LPS in the development of neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Kalyan
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ahmed Hediyal Tousif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharma Sonali
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Vichitra
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Tuladhar Sunanda
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sankar Simla Praveenraj
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vasavi Rakesh Gorantla
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, St. George’s University Grenada, West Indies FZ818, Grenada
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Q3CG Research Institute (QRI), Research & Policy Division, 7227 Rachel Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48917, USA
- 21 Health Street, Consulting Services, 1 Christian Fields, London SW16 3JY, UK
| | - Tanya M. Monaghan
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (M.M.E.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Aging and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (M.M.E.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (M.M.E.); (S.B.C.)
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Dziedzic A. Is Periodontitis Associated with Age-Related Cognitive Impairment? The Systematic Review, Confounders Assessment and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15320. [PMID: 36499656 PMCID: PMC9739281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that molecular pathological mechanisms responsible for periodontitis can be linked with biochemical alterations in neurodegenerative disorders. Hypothetically, chronic systemic inflammation as a response to periodontitis plays a role in the etiology of cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine whether periodontitis (PDS) is a risk factor for age-related cognitive impairment (ACI) based on evidence of clinical studies. A comprehensive, structured systematic review of existing data adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was carried out. Five electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, were searched for key terms published in peer-reviewed journals until January 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies and risk of bias. The primary and residual confounders were explored and evaluated. A meta-analysis synthesizing quantitative data was carried out using a random-effects model. Seventeen clinical studies were identified, including 14 cohort, one cross-sectional, and two case-control studies. Study samples ranged from 85 to 262,349 subjects, with follow-up between 2 and 32 years, and age above 45 years, except for two studies. The findings of studies suggesting the PDS-ACI relationship revealed substantial differences in design and methods. A noticeable variation related to the treatment of confounders was observed. Quality assessment unveiled a moderate quality of evidence and risk of bias. The subgroups meta-analysis and pooled sensitivity analysis of results from seven eligible studies demonstrated overall that the presence of PDS is associated with an increased risk of incidence of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.79), particularly dementia (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.02-1.88) and Alzheimer's disease (OR = 1.03 95% CI 0.98-1.07)). However, a considerable heterogeneity of synthesized data (I2 = 96%) and potential publication bias might affect obtained results. While there is a moderate statistical association between periodontitis and dementia, as well as Alzheimer's disease, the risk of bias in the evidence prevents conclusions being drawn about the role of periodontitis as a risk factor for age-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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30
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Microglia and Cholesterol Handling: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123105. [PMID: 36551857 PMCID: PMC9775660 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for brain function and structure, however altered cholesterol metabolism and transport are hallmarks of multiple neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The well-established link between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and increased AD risk highlights the importance of cholesterol and lipid transport in AD etiology. Whereas more is known about the regulation and dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism and transport in neurons and astrocytes, less is known about how microglia, the immune cells of the brain, handle cholesterol, and the subsequent implications for the ability of microglia to perform their essential functions. Evidence is emerging that a high-cholesterol environment, particularly in the context of defects in the ability to transport cholesterol (e.g., expression of the high-risk APOE4 isoform), can lead to chronic activation, increased inflammatory signaling, and reduced phagocytic capacity, which have been associated with AD pathology. In this narrative review we describe how cholesterol regulates microglia phenotype and function, and discuss what is known about the effects of statins on microglia, as well as highlighting areas of future research to advance knowledge that can lead to the development of novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Murakami K, Sakaguchi Y, Taniwa K, Izuo N, Hanaki M, Kawase T, Hirose K, Shimizu T, Irie K. Lysine-targeting inhibition of amyloid β oligomerization by a green perilla-derived metastable chalcone in vitro and in vivo. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1380-1396. [PMID: 36544574 PMCID: PMC9709778 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomers of amyloid β (Aβ) represent an early aggregative form that causes neurotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, preventing Aβ aggregation is important for preventing AD. Despite intensive studies on dietary compounds with anti-aggregation properties, some identified compounds are susceptible to autoxidation and/or hydration upon incubation in water, leaving unanswered issues regarding which active structures in metastable compounds are actually responsible for the inhibition of Aβ aggregation. In this study, we observed the site-specific inhibition of 42-mer Aβ (Aβ42) oligomerization by the green perilla-derived chalcone 2',3'-dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone (DDC), which was converted to its decomposed flavonoids (dDDC, 1-3) via nucleophilic aromatic substitution with water molecules. DDC suppressed Aβ42 fibrillization and slowed the transformation of the β-sheet structure, which is rich in Aβ42 aggregates. To validate the contribution of dDDC to the inhibitory effects of DDC on Aβ42 aggregation, we synthesized 1-3 and identified 3, a catechol-type flavonoid, as one of the active forms of DDC. 1H-15N SOFAST-HMQC NMR revealed that 1-3 as well as DDC could interact with residues between His13 and Leu17, which were near the intermolecular β-sheet (Gln15-Ala21). The nucleation in Aβ42 aggregates involves the rate-limiting formation of low-molecular-weight oligomers. The formation of a Schiff base with dDDC at Lys16 and Lys28 in the dimer through autoxidation of dDDC was associated with the suppression of Aβ42 nucleation. Of note, in two AD mouse models using immunoaffinity purification-mass spectrometry, adduct formation between dDDC and brain Aβ was observed in a similar manner as reported in vitro. The present findings unraveled the lysine-targeting inhibitory mechanism of metastable dietary ingredients regarding Aβ oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto606-8502Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakaguchi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto606-8502Japan
| | - Kota Taniwa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto606-8502Japan
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba260-8670Japan
| | - Mizuho Hanaki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto606-8502Japan
| | | | | | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba260-8670Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto606-8502Japan
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Gynther M, Estrada ML, Loppi S, Korhonen P, Kanninen KM, Malm T, Koistinaho J, Auriola S, Fricker G, Puris E. Increased Expression and Activity of Brain Cortical cPLA2 Due to Chronic Lipopolysaccharide Administration in Mouse Model of Familial Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2438. [PMID: 36365256 PMCID: PMC9695895 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is an enzyme regulating membrane phospholipid homeostasis and the release of arachidonic acid utilized in inflammatory responses. It represents an attractive target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation caused abnormal lipid metabolism in the brain of a transgenic AD mouse model (APdE9), which might be associated with potential changes in cPLA2 activity. Here, we investigated changes in cPLA2 expression and activity, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations due to chronic LPS administration in the cerebral cortex of female APdE9 mice as compared to saline- and LPS-treated female wild-type mice and saline-treated APdE9 mice. The study revealed the significant effects of genotype LPS treatment on cortical cPLA2 protein expression and activity in APdE9 mice. LPS treatment resulted in nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) activation in the cortex of APdE9 mice. The gene expressions of inflammation markers Il1b and Tnfa were significantly elevated in the cortex of both APdE9 groups compared to the wild-type groups. The study provides evidence of the elevated expression and activity of cPLA2 in the brain cortex of APdE9 mice after chronic LPS treatment, which could be associated with NFkB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Gynther
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariana Leal Estrada
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sanna Loppi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, 1656 E Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85724-5221, USA
| | - Paula Korhonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M. Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Puris
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Lee WS, Lee HJ, Yang JY, Shin HL, Choi SW, Kim JK, Seo WD, Kim EH. The Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Oat Seedlings against Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:4103. [PMID: 36235754 PMCID: PMC9571310 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological or dietary advantages of germinated grains have been the subject of numerous discussions over the past decade. Around 23 million tons of oats are consumed globally, making up a sizeable portion of the global grain market. Oat seedlings contain more protein, beta-glucan, free amino acids, and phenolic compounds than seeds. The progressive neurodegenerative disorder of Alzheimer's is accompanied by worsening memory and cognitive function. A key indicator of this disorder is the unusual buildup of amyloid-beta protein (or Aβ) in human brains. In this context, oat seedling extract (OSE) has been identified as a new therapeutic candidate for AD, due to its antioxidant activity and AD-specific mechanism of action. This study directly investigated how OSE affected AD and its impacts by examining the cognitive function and exploring the inflammatory response mechanism. The dried oat seedlings were grounded finely with a grinder, inserted with 50% fermented ethanol 10 times (w/v), and extracted by stirring for 10 h at 45 °C. After filtering the extract by 0.22 um filter, some of it was used for UHPLC analysis. The results indicated that the treatment with OSE protects against Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity in BV2 cells. Tg-5Xfad AD mice had strong deposition of Aβ throughout their brains, while WT mice did not exhibit any such deposition within their brains. A drastic reduction was observed in terms of numbers, as well as the size, of Aβ plaques within Tg-5Xfad AD mice exposed to OSE. This study indicated OSE's neuroprotective impacts against neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation induced by amyloid-beta. Our results suggest that OSE acts as a neuroprotective agent to combat AD-specific apoptotic cell death, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta accumulation, as well as synaptic dysfunction in AD mice's brains. Furthermore, the study indicated that OSE treatment affects JNK/ERK/p38 MAPK signaling, with considerable inhibition in p-JNK, p-p38, and p-ERK levels seen in the brain of OSE-treated Tg-5Xfad AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 55365, Korea
| | - Hye-Lim Shin
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Korea Forest Service (KFS), Jinju 52817, Korea
| | - Sik-Won Choi
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Korea Forest Service (KFS), Jinju 52817, Korea
| | - Jong-Ki Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 55365, Korea
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea
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Ullah R, Ali G, Baseer A, Irum Khan S, Akram M, Khan S, Ahmad N, Farooq U, Kanwal Nawaz N, Shaheen S, Kumari G, Ullah I. Tannic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in adult mice by targeting multiple pathological features. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yuan Q, Wu Y, Wang G, Zhou X, Dong X, Lou Z, Li S, Wang D. Preventive effects of arctigenin from Arctium lappa L against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairments in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2039-2052. [PMID: 35731324 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Arctigenin (Arc) is a phenylpropanoid dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan in Arctium lappa L, which has been widely applied as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating inflammation. In the present study, we explored the neuroprotective effect and the potential mechanisms of arctigenin against LPS-evoked neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and memory impairments in the mice hippocampus. Daily administration of arctigenin (50 mg/kg per day, i.g.) for 28 days revealed noticeable improvements in spatial learning and memory deficits after exposure to LPS treatment. Arctigenin prevented LPS-induced neuronal/synaptic injury and inhibited the increases in Abeta (Aβ) generation and the levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1). Moreover, arctigenin treatment also suppressed glial activation and reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In LPS-treated BV-2 microglial cells and mice, activation of the TLR4 mediated NF-κB signaling pathway was significantly suppressed by arctigenin administration. Mechanistically, arctigenin reduced the LPS-induced interaction of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) with TLR4 and its coreceptor CD14 and inhibited the TLR4-mediated downstream inflammatory response. The outcomes of the current study indicate that arctigenin mitigates LPS-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration, amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation as well as cognitive impairments, and suggest that arctigenin may be a potential therapeutic candidate for neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Zihan Lou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Sanqiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Luoyang, 471023, China.
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Tran VTA, Lee LP, Cho H. Neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration via microbial infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907804. [PMID: 36052093 PMCID: PMC9425114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies show a noticeable correlation between chronic microbial infections and neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear due to the biological complexity of multicellular and multiorgan interactions upon microbial infections. In this review, we show the infection leading to neurodegeneration mediated by multiorgan interconnections and neuroinflammation. Firstly, we highlight three inter-organ communications as possible routes from infection sites to the brain: nose-brain axis, lung-brain axis, and gut-brain axis. Next, we described the biological crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes upon pathogenic infection. Finally, our study indicates how neuroinflammation is a critical player in pathogen-mediated neurodegeneration. Taken together, we envision that antibiotics targeting neuro-pathogens could be a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thi Ai Tran
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hansang Cho, ; Luke P. Lee,
| | - Hansang Cho
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hansang Cho, ; Luke P. Lee,
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Khan FZ, Mostaid MS, Apu MNH. Molecular Signaling Pathway Targeted Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone in Alzheimer’s disease. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09874. [PMID: 35832342 PMCID: PMC9272348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with rapid progression. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is a nutraceutical that has been investigated as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for this disease due to its ability to prevent or retard the progression of neurodegeneration. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main bioactive compound isolated from the seeds of black cumin. Several reports have shown that it has promising potential in the prevention and treatment of AD due to its significant antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties along with several other mechanisms that target the altered signaling pathways due to the disease pathogenesis. In addition, it shows anticholinesterase activity and prevents α-synuclein induced synaptic damage. The aim of this review is to summarize the potential aspects and mechanisms by which TQ imparts its action in AD.
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Khedr EM, Omeran N, Karam-Allah Ramadan H, Ahmed GK, Abdel Warith AM. Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease and Their Relation to the Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1103-1114. [PMID: 35754271 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been reported to be enrolled in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is a lack of relevant studies on this topic in Egyptian patients with AD. OBJECTIVE To investigate different species of gut microbiota in Egyptian patients with AD and correlate microbiota bacterial abundance with clinical data. METHODS The study included 25 patients with AD and 25 healthy volunteers as age and sex-matched controls. Clinical data was taken for each patient, including medical history and examination; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were assessed for each participant. Bacterial DNA was extracted from stool, and abundance quantified via qPCR using 16S rRNA group-specific primers. RESULTS Akkermansia, Enterobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Bacillus cereus, Prevotella, and Clostridium cluster IV were more abundant in the AD group than in the control group, although there was significantly less abundance of Bifidobacterium spp., Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria in patients with AD than in controls, whereas no such significance was found for lactic acid bacteria between both groups. Lactic acid bacteria and Prevotella abundance was negatively correlated with cognitive impairment (p = 0.03 with MMSE, and p = 0.03 with MoCA). Prevotella abundance was positively correlated with age of onset and duration of illness and negatively correlated with smoking and coronary heart disease (p = 0.007, p = 0.03, p = 0.035, and p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSION The current work highlighted a significant relationship between AD and gut microbiota dysbiosis. A higher abundance of Prevotella species and lactic acid bacteria was correlated with cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Khedr
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Aswan University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Nehad Omeran
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Aswan University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
| | | | - Gellan K Ahmed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmed M Abdel Warith
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Aswan University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
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Tucker AE, Alicea Pauneto CDM, Barnett AM, Coleman LG. Chronic Ethanol Causes Persistent Increases in Alzheimer's Tau Pathology in Female 3xTg-AD Mice: A Potential Role for Lysosomal Impairment. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:886634. [PMID: 35645744 PMCID: PMC9131098 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.886634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found that heavy alcohol use is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with frequent drinking earlier in adulthood increasing risk. The increases in neuroinflammation featured in both heavy alcohol use and AD may be partially responsible for this link. However, it is unknown if abstinence mitigates this risk. We hypothesized that binge ethanol during mid adult life would persistently increase AD pathology even after prolonged abstinence. Male and female 3xTg-AD mice (APPSwe, tauP301, Psen1tm1Mpm) which feature progressive amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology, received chronic binge ethanol (5g/kg/day, 5-days-on/2-days-off, i.g.) or water during adulthood (from 5.5 to 9 months of age), followed by abstinence and assessment at 14 months of age. The effects of ethanol on protective AD genes (e.g., APOE and TREM2) as well as proinflammatory genes were measured by PCR. Levels of pathologic tau and Aβ were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Ethanol caused persistent reductions in protective AD genes: APOE (25% reduction, *p < 0.05), TREM2 (28%, *p < 0.05), LPL (40%, ** p < 0.01), and CTSD (24%, *p < 0.05) and promoted a proinflammatory gene signature in female, but not male cortex. Concurrently, ethanol increased total and hyperphosphorylated tau (AT8) in piriform cortex and hippocampus of females, but not males. Levels of AT8 were negatively correlated with APOE (R = -0.67, *p < 0.05) and TREM2 (R = -0.78, **p < 0.005) suggesting protective roles in pathogenesis. No differences were found in levels of main regulators of tau phosphorylation state (GSK3β, PKA, PP2A), suggesting ethanol disrupted clearance of tau. Therefore, we measured the effect of ethanol on lysosomes, which degrade tau, and lysosomal localization of tau using co-immunofluorescence. In females, ethanol caused a persistent reduction in mature LAMP1 lysosomes in CA1 of hippocampus (35%, *p < 0.05), along with a 60% increase in total tau (*p < 0.05). Thus, chronic binge ethanol during mid adult life causes a persistent enhancement of tau pathology in cortical and hippocampal brain regions of females. Persistent AD pathology was associated with an increased proinflammatory signature and a reduction of mature lysosomes. This implicates binge ethanol exposure with increased risk of AD pathologic progression in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn E. Tucker
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Coral del Mar Alicea Pauneto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Barnett
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Leon G. Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Leon G. Coleman Jr.,
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Barnett A, David E, Rohlman A, Nikolova VD, Moy SS, Vetreno RP, Coleman LG. Adolescent Binge Alcohol Enhances Early Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in Adulthood Through Proinflammatory Neuroimmune Activation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:884170. [PMID: 35559229 PMCID: PMC9086457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.884170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that heavy alcohol use early in life is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, mechanisms connecting AD with alcohol use have not been identified. Both heavy alcohol use and AD feature increased proinflammatory signaling. Therefore, we hypothesized that adolescent binge ethanol would increase AD molecular and behavioral pathology in adulthood through proinflammatory signaling. The 3xTg-AD mouse model (APPSwe, tauP301, Psen1tm1Mpm) which features amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology beginning at 6-12 months underwent adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE, 5 g/kg/d, i.g., P25-55) with assessment of AD pathologic mediators at P200. A second group of mice received AIE +/- minocycline (30 mg/kg/d, IP) followed by behavioral testing in adulthood. Behavioral testing and age of testing included: locomotor activity and exploration (27-28 weeks), novel object recognition (NORT, 28-30 weeks), 3-chamber sociability and social memory (29-31 weeks), prepulse inhibition (PPI, 30-32 weeks), Morris Water Maze with reversal (MWM, 31-35 weeks), and Piezo sleep monitoring (35-37 weeks). We found that AIE increased levels of neurotoxic Aβ1-42 in adult female hippocampus as well as intraneuronal Aβ1-42 in amygdala and entorhinal cortex. Phosphorylated tau at residue Thr181 (p-tau-181) was also increased in female hippocampus by AIE. Several proinflammatory genes were persistently increased by AIE in the female hippocampus, including IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, and IFNα. Expression of these genes was strongly correlated with the levels of Aβ1-42 and p-tau-181 in hippocampus. AIE caused persistent decreases in locomotor activity (open-field and NORT habituation) and increased anxiety-like behavior (thigmotaxis) while reducing memory retention. Treatment with the anti-inflammatory compound minocycline during AIE blocked persistent increases in Aβ1-42 in amygdala and p-tau-181 in hippocampus, and prevented AIE-induced thigmotaxis and memory loss. Together, these data find that adolescent binge ethanol enhances AD molecular and behavioral pathology in adulthood through proinflammatory signaling. Blockade of proinflammatory signaling during ethanol exposure prevents ethanol-induced effects on pathologic accumulation of AD-associated proteins and persistent behavior changes relevant to human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Barnett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Emeraghi David
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Aaron Rohlman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Viktoriya D. Nikolova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sheryl S. Moy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ryan P. Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Leon G. Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Leon G. Coleman Jr,
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Escobar YNH, O’Piela D, Wold LE, Mackos AR. Influence of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis on Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:17-31. [PMID: 35253750 PMCID: PMC10394502 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is made up of trillions of microbial cells including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbial bodies and is greatly involved in the maintenance of proper health of the host body. In particular, the gut microbiota has been shown to not only be involved in brain development but also in the modulation of behavior, neuropsychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. The precise mechanism by which the gut microbiota can affect the development of Alzheimer’s disease is unknown, but the gut microbiota is thought to communicate with the brain directly via the vagus nerve or indirectly through signaling molecules such as cytokines, neuroendocrine hormones, bacterial components, neuroactive molecules, or microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. In particular, interventions such as probiotic supplementation, fecal microbiota transfer, and supplementation with microbial metabolites have been used not only to study the effects that the gut microbiota has on behavior and cognitive function, but also as potential therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease. A few of these interventions, such as probiotics, are promising candidates for the improvement of cognition in Alzheimer ’s disease and are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael-Natalie H. Escobar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Devin O’Piela
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Loren E. Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy R. Mackos
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Schütze S, Döpke A, Kellert B, Seele J, Ballüer M, Bunkowski S, Kreutzfeldt M, Brück W, Nau R. Intracerebral Infection with E. coli Impairs Spatial Learning and Induces Necrosis of Hippocampal Neurons in the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:101-114. [PMID: 35530117 PMCID: PMC9028720 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), bacterial infections are often associated with a cognitive decline. Animal models of genuine acute infections with viable bacteria which induce deterioration of neurodegenerative diseases are missing. Objective: We assessed the effect of an intracerebral infection with E. coli in a mouse model of AD. Methods: 13-month-old Tg2576 +/- mice and transgene negative littermates (Tg2576 -/-) received an intracerebral injection with E. coli K1 or saline followed by treatment with ceftriaxone starting 41 h post infection (p.i.) for 5 days. For 4 weeks, mice were monitored for clinical status, weight, motor functions, and neuropsychological status using the Morris water maze. ELISAs, stainings, and immunohistochemistry in brains were performed at the end of the experiment. Results: Mortality of the infection was approximately 20%. After 4 weeks, spatial learning of infected Tg2576 +/- mice was compromised compared to non-infected Tg2576 +/- mice (p < 0.05). E. coli infection did not influence spatial learning in Tg2576 -/- mice, or spatial memory in both Tg2576 +/- and -/- mice within 4 weeks p.i.. Necrosis of hippocampal neurons was induced in infected compared to non-infected Tg2576 +/- mice 4 weeks p.i., whereas brain concentrations of Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42, and phosphoTau as well as axonal damage and microglia density were not altered. Conclusion: Here, we proved in principle that a genuine acute bacterial infection can worsen cognitive functions of AD mice. Mouse models of subacute systemic infections are needed to develop new strategies for the treatment of bacterial infections in patients with AD in order to minimize their cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schütze
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurogeriatric Section, AGAPLESION Frankfurter Diakonie Kliniken, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anika Döpke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kellert
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jana Seele
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melissa Ballüer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bunkowski
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva and Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Nau
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Germany
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Xie J, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. The Impact of Systemic Inflammation on Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Front Immunol 2022; 12:796867. [PMID: 35069578 PMCID: PMC8770958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating age-related neurodegenerative disorder with an alarming increasing prevalence. Except for the recently FDA-approved Aducanumab of which the therapeutic effect is not yet conclusively proven, only symptomatic medication that is effective for some AD patients is available. In order to be able to design more rational and effective treatments, our understanding of the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis and progression of AD urgently needs to be improved. Over the last years, it became increasingly clear that peripheral inflammation is one of the detrimental factors that can contribute to the disease. Here, we discuss the current understanding of how systemic and intestinal (referred to as the gut-brain axis) inflammatory processes may affect brain pathology, with a specific focus on AD. Moreover, we give a comprehensive overview of the different preclinical as well as clinical studies that link peripheral Inflammation to AD initiation and progression. Altogether, this review broadens our understanding of the mechanisms behind AD pathology and may help in the rational design of further research aiming to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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44
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Srinivasan G, Brafman DA. The Emergence of Model Systems to Investigate the Link Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:813544. [PMID: 35211003 PMCID: PMC8862182 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.813544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that individuals who have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) have an elevated risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s-related dementias (AD/ADRD). Despite these connections, the underlying mechanisms by which TBI induces AD-related pathology, neuronal dysfunction, and cognitive decline have yet to be elucidated. In this review, we will discuss the various in vivo and in vitro models that are being employed to provide more definite mechanistic relationships between TBI-induced mechanical injury and AD-related phenotypes. In particular, we will highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each of these model systems as it relates to advancing the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to TBI-induced AD onset and progression as well as providing platforms to evaluate potential therapies. Finally, we will discuss how emerging methods including the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cultures and genome engineering technologies can be employed to generate better models of TBI-induced AD.
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45
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Spiteri AG, Wishart CL, Pamphlett R, Locatelli G, King NJC. Microglia and monocytes in inflammatory CNS disease: integrating phenotype and function. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:179-224. [PMID: 34853891 PMCID: PMC8742818 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In neurological diseases, the actions of microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS parenchyma, may diverge from, or intersect with, those of recruited monocytes to drive immune-mediated pathology. However, defining the precise roles of each cell type has historically been impeded by the lack of discriminating markers and experimental systems capable of accurately identifying them. Our ability to distinguish microglia from monocytes in neuroinflammation has advanced with single-cell technologies, new markers and drugs that identify and deplete them, respectively. Nevertheless, the focus of individual studies on particular cell types, diseases or experimental approaches has limited our ability to connect phenotype and function more widely and across diverse CNS pathologies. Here, we critically review, tabulate and integrate the disease-specific functions and immune profiles of microglia and monocytes to provide a comprehensive atlas of myeloid responses in viral encephalitis, demyelination, neurodegeneration and ischemic injury. In emphasizing the differential roles of microglia and monocytes in the severe neuroinflammatory disease of viral encephalitis, we connect inflammatory pathways common to equally incapacitating diseases with less severe inflammation. We examine these findings in the context of human studies and highlight the benefits and inherent limitations of animal models that may impede or facilitate clinical translation. This enables us to highlight common and contrasting, non-redundant and often opposing roles of microglia and monocytes in disease that could be targeted therapeutically.
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46
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Pons V, Rivest S. Targeting Systemic Innate Immune Cells as a Therapeutic Avenue for Alzheimer Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:1-17. [PMID: 34987086 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the first progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and the disease is characterized by an accumulation of amyloid in the brain and neurovasculature that triggers cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. The innate immune system has a preponderant role in AD. The last decade, scientists focused their efforts on therapies aiming to modulate innate immunity. The latter is of great interest, since they participate to the inflammation and phagocytose the amyloid in the brain and blood vessels. We and others have developed pharmacological approaches to stimulate these cells using various ligands. These include toll-like receptor 4, macrophage colony stimulating factor, and more recently nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2 receptors. This review will discuss the great potential to take advantage of the innate immune system to fight naturally against amyloid β accumulation and prevent its detrimental consequence on brain functions and its vascular system. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The focus on amyloid β removal from the perivascular space rather than targeting CNS plaque formation and clearance represents a new direction with a great potential. Small molecules able to act at the level of peripheral immunity would constitute a novel approach for tackling aberrant central nervous system biology, one of which we believe would have the potential of generating a lot of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pons
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boul., Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Serge Rivest
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boul., Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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47
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Blázquez E, Hurtado-Carneiro V, LeBaut-Ayuso Y, Velázquez E, García-García L, Gómez-Oliver F, Ruiz-Albusac J, Ávila J, Pozo MÁ. Significance of Brain Glucose Hypometabolism, Altered Insulin Signal Transduction, and Insulin Resistance in Several Neurological Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873301. [PMID: 35615716 PMCID: PMC9125423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neurological diseases share pathological alterations, even though they differ in their etiology. Neuroinflammation, altered brain glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and amyloidosis are biological events found in those neurological disorders. Altered insulin-mediated signaling and brain glucose hypometabolism are characteristic signs observed in the brains of patients with certain neurological diseases, but also others such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular diseases. Thus, significant reductions in insulin receptor autophosphorylation and Akt kinase activity, and increased GSK-3 activity and insulin resistance, have been reported in these neurological diseases as contributing to the decline in cognitive function. Supporting this relationship is the fact that nasal and hippocampal insulin administration has been found to improve cognitive function. Additionally, brain glucose hypometabolism precedes the unmistakable clinical manifestations of some of these diseases by years, which may become a useful early biomarker. Deficiencies in the major pathways of oxidative energy metabolism have been reported in patients with several of these neurological diseases, which supports the hypothesis of their metabolic background. This review remarks on the significance of insulin and brain glucose metabolism alterations as keystone common pathogenic substrates for certain neurological diseases, highlighting new potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Blázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Enrique Blázquez,
| | | | - Yannick LeBaut-Ayuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Velázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-García
- Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Gómez-Oliver
- Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Ruiz-Albusac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pozo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
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Chen Z, Haider A, Chen J, Xiao Z, Gobbi L, Honer M, Grether U, Arnold SE, Josephson L, Liang SH. The Repertoire of Small-Molecule PET Probes for Neuroinflammation Imaging: Challenges and Opportunities beyond TSPO. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17656-17689. [PMID: 34905377 PMCID: PMC9094091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an adaptive response of the central nervous system to diverse potentially injurious stimuli, which is closely associated with neurodegeneration and typically characterized by activation of microglia and astrocytes. As a noninvasive and translational molecular imaging tool, positron emission tomography (PET) could provide a better understanding of neuroinflammation and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Ligands to translator protein (TSPO), a putative marker of neuroinflammation, have been the most commonly studied in this context, but they suffer from serious limitations. Herein we present a repertoire of different structural chemotypes and novel PET ligand design for classical and emerging neuroinflammatory targets beyond TSPO. We believe that this Perspective will support multidisciplinary collaborations in academic and industrial institutions working on neuroinflammation and facilitate the progress of neuroinflammation PET probe development for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Luca Gobbi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Honer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Grether
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Department of Neurology and the Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
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Hang Z, Lei T, Zeng Z, Cai S, Bi W, Du H. Composition of intestinal flora affects the risk relationship between Alzheimer's disease/Parkinson's disease and cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112343. [PMID: 34864312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of epidemiological studies have shown that there is a significant inverse relationship between the onset of Alzheimer's disease/Parkinson's disease (AD/PD) and cancer, but the mechanism is still unclear. Considering that intestinal flora can connect them, we tried to explain this phenomenon from the intestinal flora. This review briefly introduced the relationship among AD/PD, cancer, and intestinal flora, studied metabolites or components of the intestinal flora and the role of intestinal barriers and intestinal hormones in AD/PD and cancer. After screening, a part of the flora capable of participating in the occurrence processes of the three diseases at the same time was obtained, the abundance changes of the special flora in AD/PD and various types of cancers were summarized, and they were classified according to the flora function and abundance, which in turn innovatively and reasonably explained the fact that AD/PD and cancer showed certain antagonism in epidemiological statistics from the perspective of intestinal flora. This review also proposed that viewing the risk relationship between diseases from the perspective of intestinal flora may provide new research ideas for the treatment of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongci Hang
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China; School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China
| | - Tong Lei
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China; School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China
| | - Zehua Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China
| | - Shanglin Cai
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China; School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China
| | - Wangyu Bi
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China; School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China; School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China.
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50
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Wang W, Gu XH, Li M, Cheng ZJ, Tian S, Liao Y, Liu X. MicroRNA-155-5p Targets SKP2, Activates IKKβ, Increases Aβ Aggregation, and Aggravates a Mouse Alzheimer Disease Model. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 81:16-26. [PMID: 34865098 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and inhibitor of NF-κB kinase β (IKKβ) are involved in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. This study explored the mechanisms underlying IKKβ-mediated Aβ aggregation and neuron regeneration in APP.PS1 mice. Adenoviral transduction particles were injected into the hippocampal CA1 region of the mice to knock down or inhibit target genes. Morris water maze was performed to evaluate the cognitive function of the mice. Aβ deposition was determined by histological examination. sh-IKKβ plasmids and microRNA (miR)-155-5p inhibitor were transfected into Aβ1-42-induced N2a cells. The expressions of AD-related proteins were detected by Western blot. The interaction between S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) and IKKβ was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. IKKβ knockdown (KD) and miR-155-5p inhibition ameliorated cognitive impairment, improved neuron regeneration, and attenuated Aβ deposition in APP/PS1 mice. SKP2 KD aggravated cognitive impairment, inhibited neuron regeneration, and promoted Aβ deposition in the mice. SKP2 regulated the stability of IKKβ protein via ubiquitination. MiR-155-5p regulates Aβ deposition and the expression of Aβ generation-related proteins in N2a cells via targeting SKP2. These results indicate that the miR-155-5p/SKP2/IKKβ axis was critical for pathogenesis in this AD model and suggest the potential of miR-155-5p as a target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- From the Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xun-Hu Gu
- From the Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Min Li
- From the Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Juan Cheng
- From the Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Sheng Tian
- From the Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ying Liao
- From the Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xu Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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