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Abuaf AF, Javed A, Bunting SR, Carroll TJ, Reder AT, Cipriani VP. Effectiveness of ocrelizumab on clinical and MRI outcome measures in multiple sclerosis across black and white cohorts: A single-center retrospective study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 71:104523. [PMID: 36773543 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in the therapeutic response to ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who self-identified as either White or Black, assessed longitudinally by expanded disability status scale (EDSS) progression and MRI brain volume loss. METHODS MS subjects treated with ocrelizumab were retrospectively identified. Clinical data were available for 229 subjects (White 146; Black 83) and MRI data from for 48 subjects (White 31; Black 17). Outcome measures were changes in the EDSS and brain volume over time. EDSS were analyzed as raw scores, ambulatory (EDSS <5.0) vs. ambulatory with assistance (5.5 ≤ EDSS ≤ 6.5) status, and EDSS severity (< 3.0, 3.0-5.0, and > 5.5 ≤ 6.5). General linear mixed model was used for statistical analysis. FreeSurfer was used for volumetric analysis. RESULTS The Black cohort had overrepresentation of females (78% vs. 62%, p = 0.013), lower age (median, 45 (IQR 39-51) vs. 49 (38-58), p = 0.08), lower Vitamin D levels (33 (21-45) vs. 40 (29-52), p = 0.002), and higher EDSS (4 (2-6) vs. 2.5 (1-6), p = 0.019). There was no progression of EDSS scores over the 2-year observation period. The covariates with significant influence on the baseline EDSS scores were older age, race, longer disease duration, prior MS treatment, and lower vitamin D levels. No differences were observed between the racial groups over time in the cortical, thalamic, caudate, putamen, and brainstem gray matter volumes nor in the cortical thickness or total lesion volume. CONCLUSION In this real-world clinical and radiological study, ocrelizumab treatment was highly effective in stabilizing clinical and MRI measures of disease progression in Blacks and Whites, despite higher baseline disability in the Black cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Frisosky Abuaf
- Department of Neurology, The University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Adil Javed
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samuel R Bunting
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy J Carroll
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony T Reder
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mora-Palazuelos C, Bermúdez M, Aguilar-Medina M, Ramos-Payan R, Ayala-Ham A, Romero-Quintana JG. Cytokine-polymorphisms associated with Preeclampsia: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30870. [PMID: 36181055 PMCID: PMC9524891 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a syndromic disorder that affects 2% to 8% of pregnancies and is diagnosed principally when hypertension appears in the second-d half of pregnancy. WHO estimates the incidence of PE to be seven times higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Severe preeclampsia/eclampsia is one of the most important causes of maternal mortality, associated with 50,000 to 100,000 annual deaths globally as well as serious fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Even though evidence from family-based studies suggest PE has a heritable component, its etiology, and specific genetic contributions remain unclear. Many studies examining the genetic factors contributing to PE have been conducted, most of them are focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Given that PE has a very important inflammatory component, is mandatory to examine cytokine-SNPs for elucidating all mechanisms involved in this pathology. In this review, we describe the most important cytokine-polymorphisms associated with the onset and development of PE. We aim to provide current and relevant evidence in this regard. METHODS We searched English databases such as PubMed and the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The publication time of the papers was set from the establishment of the databases to February 2022. All studies about Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines polymorphisms were included in our study. RESULTS SNPs in IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-22 are associated with the development, early-onset and severity of PE, being the Th1/Th2/Th17 responses affected by the presence of these SNPs. CONCLUSIONS The changes in Th1/Th2/Th17 response modify processes such as placentation, control of inflammation, and vascular function. Nonetheless, association studies have shown different results depending on sample size, diagnostic, and population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes Bermúdez
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Rosalío Ramos-Payan
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Alfredo Ayala-Ham
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Jose Geovanni Romero-Quintana
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
- *Correspondence: Jose Geovanni Romero-Quintana, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz DE Domínguez S/N y Avenida DE las Américas, CP. 80010, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México (e-mail: )
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3
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Khatiwada A, Wolf BJ, Mulligan JK, Shary JR, Hewison M, Baatz JE, Newton DA, Hawrylowicz C, Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on circulating concentrations of growth factors and immune-mediators in healthy women during pregnancy. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:554-562. [PMID: 32311700 PMCID: PMC8715366 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the second aim of the Kellogg Foundation grant, this double-blind RCT investigated the impact of plasma vitamin D metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) on plasma immune-mediators during pregnancy. We hypothesized that higher 25(OH)D concentrations would associate with reduced pro-inflammatory and increased tolerogenic immune-mediator concentrations. METHODS Pregnant women enrolled at 10-14 weeks gestation were randomized to 400 or 4400 IU vitamin D3/day. Data on health, safety, circulating 25(OH)D, and 9 immune-mediators were collected at each trimester. Associations between immune-mediators and 25(OH)D at baseline and at second and third trimesters were examined. RESULTS Baseline TGF-β and second and third trimesters IFN-γ and IL-2 were associated with baseline 25(OH)D. Baseline immune-mediators were associated with immune-mediators at second and third trimesters for all immune-mediators except IL-5 and IL-10. Race was associated with baseline TGF-β, VEGF and IL-10 and with IL-10 at second and third trimesters. CONCLUSIONS Both treatment groups had increased 25(OH)D at second and third trimesters, greatest in the 4400 IU group. Though associations between baseline 25(OH)D and baseline TGF-β and second and third trimester IFN-γ and IL-2 were noted, vitamin D supplementation throughout pregnancy did not impact immune-mediators at later trimesters. Supplementing with vitamin D before conception conceivably influences immune-mediator responses during pregnancy. IMPACT In this vitamin D supplementation clinical trial, baseline (first trimester) but not increasing plasma 25(OH)D concentration impacted select plasma immune-mediator profiles in pregnant women. Baseline 25(OH)D was associated with baseline TGF-β and with IFN-γ and IL-2 at second and third trimesters. Baseline IFN-γ, CRP, TGF-β, TNF-α, VEGF, IL-2, and IL-4 were associated with concentrations at second and third trimesters for respective immune-mediators; however, 25(OH)D concentration at second and third trimesters were not. Some racial differences existed in immune-mediator concentrations at baseline and at second and third trimesters. This study assesses the impact of vitamin D supplementation on multiple immune-mediators in pregnant women of different racial/ethnic groups using longitudinal data from a relatively large randomized controlled trial. This study found that race was associated with baseline TGF-β, VEGF, and IL-10 and with IL-10 at second and third trimesters, a novel finding that sheds light where relationships were less well defined. The results of this study suggest that vitamin D supplementation before conception or early in pregnancy, rather than during pregnancy, may be necessary to significantly impact immune-mediator response. This study sets premise for future clinical trials to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation before conception or prior to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Khatiwada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425
| | - Bethany J. Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425
| | - Jennifer K. Mulligan
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425
| | - Judy R. Shary
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Medical School, IBR Tower, Level 2, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - John E. Baatz
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425
| | - Danforth A. Newton
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425
| | - Catherine Hawrylowicz
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bruce W. Hollis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425
| | - Carol L. Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425,Corresponding author: Carol L. Wagner, M.D., Shawn Jenkins Children’s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Ashley Avenue, MSC 917, Charleston, SC 29425, Tel: (843) 792-8829, Fax: (843) 792-8801,
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4
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Prairie E, Côté F, Tsakpinoglou M, Mina M, Quiniou C, Leimert K, Olson D, Chemtob S. The determinant role of IL-6 in the establishment of inflammation leading to spontaneous preterm birth. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:118-130. [PMID: 33551331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) and its consequences are a major public health concern as preterm delivery is the main cause of mortality and morbidity at birth. There are many causes of PTB, but inflammation is undeniably associated with the process of premature childbirth and fetal injury. At present, treatments clinically available mostly involve attempt to arrest contractions (tocolytics) but do not directly address upstream maternal inflammation on development of the fetus. One of the possible solutions may lie in the modulation of inflammatory mediators. Of the many pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the induction of PTB, IL-6 stands out for its pleiotropic effects and its involvement in both acute and chronic inflammation. Here, we provide a detailed review of the effects of IL-6 on the timing of childbirth, its occurrence during PTB and its indissociable roles with associated fetal tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Prairie
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - France Côté
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marika Tsakpinoglou
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Michael Mina
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christiane Quiniou
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Kelycia Leimert
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - David Olson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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5
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Ogony JW, Radisky DC, Ruddy KJ, Goodison S, Wickland DP, Egan KM, Knutson KL, Asmann YW, Sherman ME. Immune Responses and Risk of Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Implications for Higher Rates among African American Women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:901-910. [PMID: 32753376 PMCID: PMC9576802 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) is poorly understood. As many TNBCs develop prior to the initiation of breast cancer screening or at younger ages when the sensitivity of mammography is comparatively low, understanding the etiology of TNBCs is critical for discovering novel prevention approaches for these tumors. Furthermore, the higher incidence rate of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers, and specifically, of TNBCs, among young African American women (AAW) versus white women is a source of racial disparities in breast cancer mortality. Whereas immune responses to TNBCs have received considerable attention in relation to prognosis and treatment, the concept that dysregulated immune responses may predispose to the development of TNBCs has received limited attention. We present evidence that dysregulated immune responses are critical in the pathogenesis of TNBCs, based on the molecular biology of the cancers and the mechanisms proposed to mediate TNBC risk factors. Furthermore, proposed risk factors for TNBC, especially childbearing without breastfeeding, high parity, and obesity, are more prevalent among AAW than white women. Limited data suggest genetic differences in immune responses by race, which favor a stronger Thr type 2 (Th2) immune response among AAW than white women. Th2 responses contribute to wound-healing processes, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of TNBCs. Accordingly, we review data on the link between immune responses and TNBC risk and consider whether the prevalence of risk factors that result in dysregulated immunity is higher among AAW than white women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Ogony
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida.,Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Kathryn J Ruddy
- Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Steven Goodison
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Daniel P Wickland
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Kathleen M Egan
- Department of Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Keith L Knutson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida. .,Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
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6
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King Thomas J, Mir H, Kapur N, Singh S. Racial Differences in Immunological Landscape Modifiers Contributing to Disparity in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121857. [PMID: 31769418 PMCID: PMC6966521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer affects African Americans disproportionately by exhibiting greater incidence, rapid disease progression, and higher mortality when compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Additionally, standard treatment interventions do not achieve similar outcome in African Americans compared to Caucasian Americans, indicating differences in host factors contributing to racial disparity. African Americans have allelic variants and hyper-expression of genes that often lead to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, possibly contributing to more aggressive tumors and poorer disease and therapeutic outcomes than Caucasians. In this review, we have discussed race-specific differences in external factors impacting internal milieu, which modify immunological topography as well as contribute to disparity in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeronay King Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (J.K.T.); (H.M.); (N.K.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Hina Mir
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (J.K.T.); (H.M.); (N.K.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Neeraj Kapur
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (J.K.T.); (H.M.); (N.K.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Shailesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (J.K.T.); (H.M.); (N.K.)
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-756-5718; Fax: +1-404-752-1179
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7
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Frequency of TNFA, INFG, and IL10 Gene Polymorphisms and Their Association with Malaria Vivax and Genomic Ancestry. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5168363. [PMID: 27999453 PMCID: PMC5143728 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5168363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in cytokine genes can alter the production of these proteins and consequently affect the immune response. The trihybrid heterogeneity of the Brazilian population is characterized as a condition for the use of ancestry informative markers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of -1031T>C, -308G>A and -238G>A TNFA, +874 A>T IFNG and -819C>T, and -592C>A IL10 gene polymorphisms and their association with malaria vivax and genomic ancestry. Samples from 90 vivax malaria-infected individuals and 51 noninfected individuals from northern Brazil were evaluated. Genotyping was carried out by using ASO-PCR or PCR/RFLP. The genomic ancestry of the individuals was classified using 48 insertion/deletion polymorphism biallelic markers. There were no differences in the proportions of African, European, and Native American ancestry between men and women. No significant association was observed for the allele and genotype frequencies of the 6 SNPs between malaria-infected and noninfected individuals. However, there was a trend toward decreasing the frequency of individuals carrying the TNF-308A allele with the increasing proportion of European ancestry. No ethnic-specific SNPs were identified, and there was no allelic or genotype association with susceptibility or resistance to vivax malaria. Understanding the genomic mechanisms by which ancestry influences this association is critical and requires further study.
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8
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Huber A, Grimm C, Jirecek S, Zeillinger R, Heim K, Husslein P, Hefler L. An lnterleukin-6 Gene Promoter Polymorphism and Unexplained Late Intrauterine Fetal Death: A Multicenter Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 12:33-6. [PMID: 15629668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-mediated inflammatory processes have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-associated complications such as late unexplained intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). Therefore we determined whether a common guanine/cytosine polymorphism at position -174 of the promoter of the IL-6 gene (IL6) known to affect in vivo protein activity can serve as candidate gene for this condition. METHODS In a multicenter case-control study, we evaluated the IL6 promoter polymorphism by pyrosequencing in 92 women with IUFD. Ninety-four healthy women with at least one uncomplicated full-term pregnancy and no history of IUFD served as the control group. RESULTS No significant association was found between the presence of at least one mutant allele of the IL6 promoter polymorphism (P = .2; odds ratio = 1.5 [95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.7]) and the incidence of IUFD. In women with IUFD, the presence of at least one mutant allele of the IL6 promoter polymorphism did not influence timing of fetal death (33.9 [5.1] gestational weeks vs 34.1 [4.9] gestational weeks, P = .8) or birth weight (2055 [1119] g vs 1963 [992] g, P = .7). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we are the first to report on a common polymorphism of the IL6 promoter gene in women with late IUFD. The investigated IL6 promoter polymorphism can not be seen as candidate gene for IUFD in Caucasian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambros Huber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna
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9
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Pine SR, Mechanic LE, Enewold L, Bowman ED, Ryan BM, Cote ML, Wenzlaff AS, Loffredo CA, Olivo-Marston S, Chaturvedi A, Caporaso NE, Schwartz AG, Harris CC. Differential Serum Cytokine Levels and Risk of Lung Cancer Between African and European Americans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 25:488-97. [PMID: 26711330 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans have a higher risk of developing lung cancer than European Americans. Previous studies suggested that certain circulating cytokines were associated with lung cancer. We hypothesized that variations in serum cytokine levels exist between African Americans and European Americans, and increased circulating cytokine levels contribute to lung cancer differently in the two races. METHODS Differences in 10 serum cytokine levels, IL1β, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IFNγ, and TNFα, between 170 African-American and 296 European-American controls from the National Cancer Institute-Maryland (NCI-MD) case-control study were assessed. Associations of the serum cytokine levels with lung cancer were analyzed. Statistically significant results were replicated in the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial and the Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute case-control study. RESULTS Six cytokines, IL4, IL5, IL8, IL10, IFNγ, and TNFα, were significantly higher among European-American as compared with African-American controls. Elevated IL6 and IL8 levels were associated with lung cancer among both races in all three studies. Elevated IL1β, IL10, and TNFα levels were associated with lung cancer only among African Americans. The association between elevated TNFα levels and lung cancer among European Americans was significant after adjustment for additional factors. CONCLUSIONS Serum cytokine levels vary by race and might contribute to lung cancer differently between African Americans and European Americans. IMPACT Future work examining risk prediction models of lung cancer can measure circulating cytokines to accurately characterize risk within racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Pine
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
| | - Leah E Mechanic
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Host Factors Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lindsey Enewold
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Health Services and Economics Branch of the Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elise D Bowman
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bríd M Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michele L Cote
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Angela S Wenzlaff
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Oncology and Biostatistics, Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Anil Chaturvedi
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Anazawa T, Paruch JL, Miyata H, Gotoh M, Ko CY, Cohen ME, Hirahara N, Zhou L, Konno H, Wakabayashi G, Sugihara K, Mori M. Comparison of National Operative Mortality in Gastroenterological Surgery Using Web-based Prospective Data Entry Systems. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2194. [PMID: 26656350 PMCID: PMC5008495 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
International collaboration is important in healthcare quality evaluation; however, few international comparisons of general surgery outcomes have been accomplished. Furthermore, predictive model application for risk stratification has not been internationally evaluated. The National Clinical Database (NCD) in Japan was developed in collaboration with the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP), with a goal of creating a standardized surgery database for quality improvement. The study aimed to compare the consistency and impact of risk factors of 3 major gastroenterological surgical procedures in Japan and the United States (US) using web-based prospective data entry systems: right hemicolectomy (RH), low anterior resection (LAR), and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Data from NCD and ACS-NSQIP, collected over 2 years, were examined. Logistic regression models were used for predicting 30-day mortality for both countries. Models were exchanged and evaluated to determine whether the models built for one population were accurate for the other population.We obtained data for 113,980 patients; 50,501 (Japan: 34,638; US: 15,863), 42,770 (Japan: 35,445; US: 7325), and 20,709 (Japan: 15,527; US: 5182) underwent RH, LAR, and, PD, respectively. Thirty-day mortality rates for RH were 0.76% (Japan) and 1.88% (US); rates for LAR were 0.43% versus 1.08%; and rates for PD were 1.35% versus 2.57%. Patient background, comorbidities, and practice style were different between Japan and the US. In the models, the odds ratio for each variable was similar between NCD and ACS-NSQIP. Local risk models could predict mortality using local data, but could not accurately predict mortality using data from other countries.We demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of the international collaborative research between Japan and the US, but found that local risk models remain essential for quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Anazawa
- From the Member of Database Committee of Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery (TA, GW); Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL (JLP, CYK, MEC, LZ); National Clinical Database, Tokyo, Japan (HM, MG, NH, HK); and Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo, Japan (HM, MG, HK, KS, MM)
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Sóter MO, Ferreira CN, Sales MF, Candido AL, Reis FM, Milagres KS, Ronda C, Silva IO, Sousa MO, Gomes KB. Peripheral blood-derived cytokine gene polymorphisms and metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cytokine 2015; 76:227-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Russell SB, Smith JC, Huang M, Trupin JS, Williams SM. Pleiotropic Effects of Immune Responses Explain Variation in the Prevalence of Fibroproliferative Diseases. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005568. [PMID: 26540410 PMCID: PMC4634921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many diseases are differentially distributed among human populations. Differential selection on genetic variants in ancestral environments that coincidentally predispose to disease can be an underlying cause of these unequal prevalence patterns. Selected genes may be pleiotropic, affecting multiple phenotypes and resulting in more than one disease or trait. Patterns of pleiotropy may be helpful in understanding the underlying causes of an array of conditions in a population. For example, several fibroproliferative diseases are more prevalent and severe in populations of sub-Saharan ancestry. We propose that this disparity is due to selection for an enhanced Th2 response that confers resistance to helminthic infections, and concurrently increases susceptibility to fibrosis due to the profibrotic action of Th2 cytokines. Many studies on selection of Th2-related genes for host resistance to helminths have been reported, but the pleiotropic impact of this selection on the distribution of fibrotic disorders has not been explicitly investigated. We discuss the disproportionate occurrence of fibroproliferative diseases in individuals of African ancestry and provide evidence that adaptation of the immune system has shaped the genetic structure of these human populations in ways that alter the distribution of multiple fibroproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley B. Russell
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SBR); , (SMW)
| | - Joan C. Smith
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Minjun Huang
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Trupin
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SBR); , (SMW)
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms for genes encoding cytokines in the context of cardiac surgery. Part I: Heart transplantation. POLISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2015; 12:48-52. [PMID: 26336478 PMCID: PMC4520503 DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2015.50568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in Poland and other countries of the European Union. Patients with end-stage heart failure constitute a patient subgroup for whom the treatment of choice is heart transplantation. Despite advances in immunosuppressive therapy, acute or chronic graft rejection occurs in 20-30% of cases in the first six months after transplantation. The significance of the immune response and inflammation in graft rejection implies the important role of cytokines. Molecular markers are sought to facilitate risk assessment and improve patient care. At present, genetic tests are not used for this purpose, but studies aiming to rectify that have been conducted for years, including studies on single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytokine genes. This paper presents the results of research on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β1, PDGF, VEGF, and TNF-α genes in conjunction with heart transplantation. The analyzed data do not allow for reliable application of these genetic tests in clinical practice, but suggest that it is a promising direction which may improve the options of treatment individualization in the future.
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Dabhi B, Mistry KN. Oxidative stress and its association with TNF-α-308 G/C and IL-1α-889 C/T gene polymorphisms in patients with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Gene 2015; 562:197-202. [PMID: 25732517 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of type 2 diabetes and it is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The stimulus for the increase in inflammation in diabetes is still under investigation; however, reactive oxygen species might be a primary source. This study was conducted in four groups in West Indian population: control (235), type 2 diabetes (DM) (214), nephropathy with diabetes (DN) (188) and nephropathy without diabetes (NDN) (196). Oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured in all the groups. TNF-α-308 G/C and IL-1α-889 C/T polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR-RFLP method. Correlations between genotype frequency and the level of oxidative stress markers were examined. MDA was significantly increased in the patient group in comparison to control group. GSH and SOD were significantly decreased in the patient group in comparison to control group. There was no significant difference observed in genotype frequency of TNF-α in the patient group compared with control group. IL-1α-889 C/T polymorphism may be associated with diabetic nephropathy. Moreover there was no association of TNF-α-308 G/C polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy in West Indian population. The higher serum levels of oxidative stress markers in diabetic patients with nephropathy suggest the possible role of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Dabhi
- Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Anand 388121, Gujarat, India
| | - Kinnari N Mistry
- Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Anand 388121, Gujarat, India.
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Shattuck EC, Muehlenbein MP. Human sickness behavior: Ultimate and proximate explanations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 157:1-18. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Shattuck
- Evolutionary Physiology and Ecology Laboratory; Department of Anthropology; Indiana University; Bloomington IN
| | - Michael P. Muehlenbein
- Evolutionary Physiology and Ecology Laboratory; Department of Anthropology; Indiana University; Bloomington IN
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Park NJ, Kang DH. Inflammatory cytokine levels and breast cancer risk factors: racial differences of healthy Caucasian and African American women. Oncol Nurs Forum 2014; 40:490-500. [PMID: 23975184 DOI: 10.1188/13.onf.40-05ap] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine racial differences in inflammatory cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]-6 and interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]) and breast cancer (BC) risk factors between healthy Caucasian and African American women; to examine differences in relationships of inflammatory cytokine levels with BC risk factors between these groups of women; and to determine the independent contribution of race to IL-6 and IFN-γ after controlling for relevant covariates. DESIGN Cross-sectional and correlational descriptive design. SETTING Community surrounding a state university health system in the southeastern United States. SAMPLE 113 healthy women (65 Caucasians and 48 African Americans) aged 20 years or older and not pregnant. METHODS Secondary analysis of data collected from self-report questionnaires and blood samples. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Inflammatory cytokine levels, BC risk factors (age, age at menarche, age at first live birth, family history of BC, breast biopsy, breastfeeding history and duration, body mass index, and physical activity), and race. FINDINGS Significant racial differences were noted in IL-6 and IFN-γ levels, reproductive or hormonal and lifestyle BC risk factors, and relationships between African American and Caucasian women. Controlling for all other effects, race appeared to be a significant predictor for IL-6 and IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS Racial differences in inflammatory cytokines and BC risk factors may provide partial evidence for existing racial disparities in BC for African American and Caucasian women. Additional studies are needed to confirm that potential. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Additional biobehavioral research in racial disparities in BC may help to inform nurses to target race-specific modifications of lifestyle and behavioral factors to reduce BC health disparity between African American and Caucasian women. KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION Being an African American woman predicted a higher level of inflammatory cytokine production after controlling for selected BC risk factors. Great potential exists for inflammatory responses as one of the underlying biologic mechanisms for existing BC disparity and for culturally tailored lifestyle or behavioral modification interventions for reducing BC risk and racial disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Jin Park
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania
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Castro-Martínez XH, Leal-Cortés C, Flores-Martínez SE, García-Zapién AG, Sánchez-Corona J, Portilla-de Buen E, Gómez-Espinel I, Zamora-Ginez I, Pérez-Fuentes R, Islas-Andrade S, Revilla-Monsalve C, Guerrero-Romero F, Rodríguez-Morán M, Mendoza-Carrera F. Tumor necrosis factor haplotype diversity in Mestizo and native populations of Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 83:247-59. [PMID: 24517517 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The so-called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) block includes the TNFA, lymphotoxin alpha and beta (LTA and LTB) genes with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and microsatellites with an allele frequency that exhibits interpopulation variability. To date, no reports have included both SNPs and microsatellites at the TNF block to study Mestizo or Amerindian populations from Mexico. In this study, samples of five Mexican Mestizo populations (Durango, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, and Tierra Blanca) and four native-Mexican populations (North Lacandonians, South Lacandonians, Tepehuanos, and Yaquis) were genotyped for two SNPs (LTA+252A>G and TNFA-308G>A) and four microsatellites (TNFa, d, e, and f), to analyze the genetic substructure of the Mexican population. Allele and haplotype frequencies, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and interpopulation genetic relationships were calculated. There was significant LD along almost all of the TNF block but the lowest D' values were observed for the TNFf-TNFd pair. Mestizos showed higher allele and haplotype diversity than did natives. The genetic differentiation level was reduced among Mestizos; however, a slightly, but significant genetic substructure was observed between northern and southern Mexican Mestizos. Among the Amerindian populations, the genetic differentiation level was significantly elevated, particularly in both North and South Lacandonians. Furthermore, among Southern Lacandonians, inhabitants of Lacanja town were the most differentiated from all the Mexicans analyzed. The data presented here will serve as a reference for further population and epidemiological studies including these TNF polymorphisms in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Castro-Martínez
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico; Doctorate Program in Human Genetics, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Ge YZ, Wu R, Jia RP, Liu H, Yu P, Zhao Y, Feng YM. Association between interferon gamma +874 T>A polymorphism and acute renal allograft rejection: evidence from published studies. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6043-51. [PMID: 24057242 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interferon gamma is involved in the acute rejection (AR) episodes of transplant recipients. However, results from published studies on the association of interferon gamma (IFNG) +874 T>A (rs2430561) polymorphism with AR of renal allograft are conflicting. To investigate the association between IFNG +874 T>A polymorphism with AR after renal transplantation, relevant studies were selected from PUBMED, EMBASE, Wanfang database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure until March 1st 2013. According the predesigned selection criteria, a total of 525 AR cases and 1,126 non-AR cases from 13 case-control studies were included to identify the strength of association with odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). Overall, a significant correlation between IFNG +874 T>A polymorphism and susceptibility to AR was detected (T allele vs. A allele: OR = 1.19, 95 % CI 1.02-1.38; TT/AT vs. AA: OR = 1.36, 95 % CI 1.07-1.73; TT vs. AA: OR = 1.42, 95 % CI 1.05-1.93; AT vs. AA: OR = 1.30, 95 % CI 1.01-1.68). In addition, ethnicity subgroup analysis revealed that high produce genotype (TT/AT) was associated with an increased risk of AR for Caucasians (TT/AT vs. AA: OR = 1.56, 95 % CI 1.14-2.12; TT vs. AA: OR = 1.64, 95 % CI 1.18-2.26). Furthermore, donor source subgroup analysis observed an increased risk for patients undergoing cadaveric kidney transplantation (TT/AT vs. AA: OR = 1.90, 95 % CI 1.12-3.24; TA vs. AA: OR = 2.16, 95 % CI 1.24-3.74). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested that IFNG +874 T>A polymorphism was associated with AR of renal transplant recipients, especially among Caucasians and those receiving cadaveric renal allograft. Additional well-designed studies with large sample size are warranted to validate our conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zheng Ge
- Department of Urology & Center of Renal Transplantation, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
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Taylor BD, Darville T, Ferrell RE, Ness RB, Haggerty CL. Racial variation in toll-like receptor variants among women with pelvic inflammatory disease. J Infect Dis 2012; 207:940-6. [PMID: 23255565 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial disparities exist in gynecological diseases. Variations in Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes may alter signaling following microbial recognition. METHODS We explored genotypic differences in 6 functional variants in 4 TLR genes (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6) and the adaptor molecule TIRAP between 205 African American women and 51 white women with clinically suspected pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). A permutated P < .007 was used to assess significance. Associations between race and endometritis and/or upper genital tract infection (UGTI) were explored. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The TT genotype for TLR1 rs5743618, the GG genotype for TLR1 rs4833095, the CC genotype for TLR2 rs3804099, the TLR6 rs5743810 T allele, and the CC genotype for TIRAP rs8177374 significantly differed between races (P < .007). African American race was associated with endometritis and/or UGTI (OR, 4.2 [95% CI, 2.0-8.7]; P = .01). Among African Americans, the TLR6 rs5743810 T allele significantly decreased endometritis and/or UGTI (OR, 0.4 [95% CI, .2-.9]; P = .04). Additionally, rs5743618, rs4833095, and rs8177374 increased endometritis and/or UGTI, albeit not significantly. CONCLUSIONS Among women with PID, TLR variants that increase inflammation are associated with African American race and may mediate the relationship between race and endometritis and/or UGTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandie D Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, 130 Desoto St, 513 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Shebl FM, Yu K, Landgren O, Goedert JJ, Rabkin CS. Increased levels of circulating cytokines with HIV-related immunosuppression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:809-15. [PMID: 21962239 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2011.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines may contribute to the severity of CD4 cell depletion with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but quantitative relationships are not well defined. Serum and plasma from 181 HIV-infected individuals were tested with Millipore 30-plex Luminex cytokine assays. Within-individual correlations among cytokines were summarized by two-dimensional hierarchical cluster analysis. Associations with age, sex, race, CD4 count, and HIV viral load were determined with linear regression models. Tests for statistical significance were corrected for multiple comparisons, using a false discovery rate of 0.1. African-Americans had significantly higher levels than whites of six cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-7, IL-15, fractalkine, and IFN-γ), and lower levels of MCP-1. Females had higher fractalkine levels than males. Age was not associated with levels of any cytokine. Six cytokines, including the T-helper (Th) type 1 cytokine IL-15, the Th2 cytokines IL-1ra and IL-10, the chemokines fractalkine and MCP-1, and the growth factor G-CSF were each inversely associated with CD4 count; no cytokine was directly associated with CD4 count. Fractalkine was directly associated with HIV viral load, adjusted for CD4 count. Cytokines clustered by primary function (e.g., Th1, Th2, proinflammatory, chemokines, or growth factors) whereas individuals clustered according to cytokine levels (generally high, intermediate, or low) had significantly different CD4 counts [medians (interquartile range) of 60 (17-162), 131 (62-321), and 155 (44-467), respectively; p<0.0001]. CD4 deficiency is associated with generalized increases in cytokines of various functions. Racial differences in cytokine response to HIV infection could contribute to disparities in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M. Shebl
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ola Landgren
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James J. Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Charles S. Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
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Daher S, Mattar R, Gueuvoghlanian-Silva BY, Torloni MR. Genetic Polymorphisms and Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions: An Overview of Current Knowledge. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67:341-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2012.01123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Daher
- Department of Obstetrics; Sao Paulo Federal University; Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | - Rosiane Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics; Sao Paulo Federal University; Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - Maria R. Torloni
- Department of Obstetrics; Sao Paulo Federal University; Sao Paulo; Brazil
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Plantinga TS, Johnson MD, Scott WK, van de Vosse E, Velez Edwards DR, Smith PB, Alexander BD, Yang JC, Kremer D, Laird GM, Oosting M, Joosten LAB, van der Meer JWM, van Dissel JT, Walsh TJ, Perfect JR, Kullberg BJ, Netea MG. Toll-like receptor 1 polymorphisms increase susceptibility to candidemia. J Infect Dis 2012; 205:934-43. [PMID: 22301633 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidemia is a severe invasive fungal infection with high mortality. Recognition of Candida species is mediated through pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). This study assessed whether genetic variation in TLR signaling influences susceptibility to candidemia. METHODS Thirteen mostly nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding TLRs and signaling adaptors MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP were genotyped in 338 patients (237 white, 93 African American, 8 other race) with candidemia and 351 noninfected controls (263 white, 88 African American). The SNPs significant in univariate analysis were further analyzed with multivariable logistic regression to determine association with clinical outcomes. Functional consequences of these polymorphisms were assessed via in vitro stimulation assays. RESULTS Analyses of TLR SNPs revealed that 3 TLR1 SNPs (R80T, S248N, I602S) were significantly associated with candidemia susceptibility in whites. This association was not found in African Americans, likely due to lower power in this smaller study population. Furthermore, these TLR1 polymorphisms displayed impaired cytokine release by primary monocytes. No associations with susceptibility to candidemia were observed for SNPs in TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR9, MyD88, or TIRAP. CONCLUSIONS Nonsynonymous SNPs in TLR1 are associated with impaired TLR1 function, decreased cytokine responses, and predisposition to candidemia in whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo S Plantinga
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, the Netherlands
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Rausch SM, Clark MM, Patten C, Liu H, Felten S, Li Y, Sloan J, Yang P. Relationship between cytokine gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and symptom burden and quality of life in lung cancer survivors. Cancer 2010; 116:4103-13. [PMID: 20564140 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated that many lung cancer survivors report difficulties with symptom control and experience a poor quality of life (QOL). Although recent studies have suggested a relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several cytokine genes with cancer susceptibility and prognosis, associations with symptom burden and QOL have not been examined. The current study was conducted to identify SNPs related to symptom burden and QOL outcomes in lung cancer survivors. METHODS All participants were enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Lung Cancer Cohort following diagnosis of lung cancer. A total of 1149 Caucasian lung cancer survivors completed questionnaires and had genetic samples available. The main outcome measures were symptom burden as measured by the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale and health-related QOL as measured by the Short-Form General Health Survey. RESULTS Twenty-one SNPs in cytokine genes were associated with symptom burden and QOL outcomes. Our results suggested both specificity and consistency of cytokine gene SNPs in predicting outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These results provide support for genetic predisposition to QOL and symptom burden and may aid in identification of lung cancer survivors at high risk for symptom management and QOL difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Rausch
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Inc, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
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Van Dyke AL, Cote ML, Wenzlaff AS, Chen W, Abrams J, Land S, Giroux CN, Schwartz AG. Cytokine and cytokine receptor single-nucleotide polymorphisms predict risk for non-small cell lung cancer among women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1829-40. [PMID: 19505916 PMCID: PMC3771080 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the relationships between inflammatory pathway genes and lung cancer risk have not included African-Americans and have only included a handful of genes. In a population-based case-control study on 198 African-American and 744 Caucasian women, we examined the association between 70 cytokine and cytokine receptor single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in a dominant model adjusting for major risk factors for lung cancer. Separate analyses were conducted by race and by smoking history and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Caucasians. Random forest analysis was conducted by race. On logistic regression analysis, IL6 (interleukin 6), IL7R, IL15, TNF (tumor necrosis factor), and IL10 SNP were associated with risk of non-small cell lung cancer among African-Americans; IL7R and IL10 SNPs were also associated with risk of lung cancer among Caucasians. Although random forest analysis showed IL7R and IL10 SNPs as being associated with risk for lung cancer among African-Americans, it also identified TNFRSF10A SNP as an important predictor. On random forest analysis, an IL1A SNP was identified as an important predictor of lung cancer among Caucasian women. Inflammatory SNPs differentially predicted risk for NSCLC according to race, as well as based on smoking history and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Caucasian women. Pathway analysis results are presented. Inflammatory pathway genotypes may serve to define a high risk group; further exploration of these genes in minority populations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Van Dyke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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Moura E, Mattar R, de Souza E, Torloni MR, Gonçalves-Primo A, Daher S. Inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms and spontaneous preterm birth. J Reprod Immunol 2009; 80:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Very preterm birth (<32 weeks' gestation) occurs in approximately 2% of livebirths but is a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity in the United States. African-American women have a 2-fold to 3-fold elevated risk compared with non-Hispanic white women for reasons that are incompletely understood. This paper reviews the evidence for the biologic and social patterning of very preterm birth, with attention to leading hypotheses regarding the etiology of the racial disparity. A systematic review of the literature in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and EMBASE indices was conducted. The literature to date suggests a complex, multifactorial causal framework for understanding racial disparities in very preterm birth, with maternal inflammatory, vascular, or neuroendocrine dysfunction as proximal pathways and maternal exposure to stress, racial differences in preconceptional health, and genetic, epigenetic, and gene-environment interactions as more distal mediators. Interpersonal and institutionalized racism are mechanisms that may drive racially patterned differences. Current literature is limited in that research on social determinants and biologic processes of prematurity has been generally disconnected. Improved etiologic understanding and the potential for effective intervention may come with better integration of these research approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Kramer
- Women's and Children's Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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de Lima THB, Sass N, Mattar R, Moron AF, Torloni MR, Franchim CS, Daher S. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:565-9. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cytokine SNPs: Comparison of allele frequencies by race and implications for future studies. Cytokine 2009; 46:236-44. [PMID: 19356949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of inflammation is being considered in chronic diseases. Previous studies have examined SNPs in a few key inflammatory genes and have included small numbers of African American participants. Variation in the frequencies of inflammatory pathway SNPs may help to explain racial disparities in disease risk. Through a population-based study of 103 African American and 380 Caucasian unrelated, healthy women, we examined the relationships between race and allele frequencies of 70 cytokine and cytokine receptor SNPs. The associations between genotypic and haplotype frequencies and race were also analyzed. Allelic frequencies for 52 out of the 70 SNPs meeting criteria for analysis differed significantly by race. Of the 32 pro-inflammatory and 20 anti-inflammatory SNPs for which the allele frequencies varied significantly by race, variant allele frequency differences between Caucasians and African Americans ranged between 6-37% and 7-53% for pro-inflammatory SNPs and anti-inflammatory SNPs, respectively. Our findings suggest that while allele frequencies do vary by race, racial groups are not simplistically represented by a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory genetic profile. Given the racial variability in allele frequencies in inflammatory gene SNPs, studies examining the association between these SNPs and disease should at least incorporate self-reported race in their analyses.
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Enewold L, Mechanic LE, Bowman ED, Zheng YL, Yu Z, Trivers G, Alberg AJ, Harris CC. Serum concentrations of cytokines and lung cancer survival in African Americans and Caucasians. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:215-22. [PMID: 19124500 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a role for inflammation in the development and progression of cancer. Our group recently identified a cytokine gene signature in lung tissue associated with lung cancer prognosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that concentrations of circulating cytokines in serum may be associated with lung cancer survival. Ten serum cytokines, namely, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, were assessed in 353 non-small cell lung cancer cases from a case-control study of lung cancer in the greater Baltimore, Maryland area. Cytokines were measured using an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. IL-6 serum concentrations (>or=4.0 pg/mL) were associated with significantly poorer survival in both African Americans [hazard ratio (HR), 2.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26-5.80] and Caucasians (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.22-2.40). IL-10 (HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.33-5.15) and IL-12 (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.14-3.44) were associated with lung cancer survival only in African Americans. Some evidence for an association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels with survival in Caucasians was observed, although these results were not significant. These hypothesis-generating findings indicate that selected serum cytokine concentrations are associated with lung cancer survival, and indicate that further research is warranted to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Enewold
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Pan Y, Jackson RT. Insights into the ethnic differences in serum ferritin between black and white US adult men. Am J Hum Biol 2008; 20:406-16. [PMID: 18348278 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although higher serum ferritin (SF) concentrations have been consistently observed among blacks, despite their lower hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations compared with whites, few studies attempted to explain this SF difference. To determine the possible factors contributing to the observed SF difference between blacks and whites, 1,938 non-Hispanic white (NHW) and 1,616 non-Hispanic black (NHB) male subjects, aged 20-65 years were selected from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the contribution of dietary, biochemical, and socioeconomic variables to the observed SF difference between the two groups. NHB subjects showed a continuing, significantly higher SF concentration compared with NHW subjects at each age group. Age, serum total protein, mean cell volume (MCV), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were positively associated with SF, whereas percent energy from carbohydrate and fat, calcium intake, serum alpha-carotene, and iron binding capacity (TIBC) were inversely associated with SF (P < 0.01). After excluding subjects with abnormal serum total protein, TIBC and GGT levels from the analysis (the final regression model), the SF difference dropped to 3.95 microg/l (initial difference = 37.1 microg/l) between NHWs and NHBs. The results suggest that the oft-noted black-white SF difference is a result of factors including overall nutrition and health, iron status, and hepatic well-being. Higher SF, low Hb, and reduced TIBC level observed in blacks are consistent with the definition of anemia of chronic disease (ACD). Future investigations are needed to confirm the role of ACD in the black-white SF difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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Dhiman N, Ovsyannikova IG, Vierkant RA, Pankratz VS, Jacobson RM, Poland GA. Associations between cytokine/cytokine receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms and humoral immunity to measles, mumps and rubella in a Somali population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 72:211-20. [PMID: 18715339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We genotyped a Somali population (n = 85; age < or =30 years) for 617 cytokine and cytokine receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using Illumina GoldenGate genotyping to determine associations with measles, mumps and rubella immunity. Overall, 61 significant associations (P < or = 0.01) were found between SNPs belonging to cytokine receptor genes regulating T helper (Th)1 (IL12RB2, IL2RA and B) and Th2 (IL4R and IL10RB) immunity, and cytokine (IL1B, TNFA, IL6 and IFNB1) and cytokine receptor (IL1RA, IFNAR2, IL18R1, TNFRSF1A and B) genes regulating innate immunity and variations in antibody levels to measles, mumps and/or rubella. SNPs within two major inflammatory cytokine genes, TNFA and interleukin (IL) 6, showed associations with measles-specific antibodies. Specifically, the minor allele variant of rs1799964 (TNFA -1211 C>T) was associated with primarily seronegative values (median enzyme immunoassay index values < or =0.87; P = 0.002; q = 0.23) in response to measles disease and/or vaccination. A heterozygous variant CT for rs2069849 (IL6 +4272C>T; Phe201Phe) was also associated with seronegative values and a lower median level of antibody response to measles disease and/or vaccination (P = 0.004; q = 0.36) or measles vaccination alone (P = 0.008). Several SNPs within the coding and regulatory regions of cytokine and cytokine receptor genes showed associations with mumps and rubella antibody levels but were less informative as strong linkage disequilibrium patterns and lower frequencies for minor alleles were observed among these SNPs. Our study identifies specific SNPs in innate immune response genes that may play a role in modulating antibody responses to measles vaccination and/or infection in Somali subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dhiman
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Seeber B, Sammel MD, Fan X, Gerton GL, Shaunik A, Chittams J, Barnhart KT. Panel of markers can accurately predict endometriosis in a subset of patients. Fertil Steril 2008; 89:1073-1081. [PMID: 17706208 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a combination of putative markers of inflammation and CA-125 could serve as a multiple-marker screening test for endometriosis in a heterogeneous population of patients. DESIGN Case-control evaluation of a diagnostic test. SETTING University medical center. PATIENT(S) Consenting women of reproductive age undergoing laparoscopy for indications of pain, infertility, elective tubal ligation, tubal reanastomosis, or other benign indications. INTERVENTION(S) Diagnostic laparoscopy and peripheral venipuncture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Serum concentrations of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, macrophage chemotactic protein-1, interferon-gamma, leptin, and CA-125 measured by using ELISA assays; surgical staging of endometriosis. RESULT(S) Concentrations of the seven markers were compared between the 63 women with surgically confirmed stage II-IV endometriosis and 78 women who were surgically confirmed to be free of endometriosis. The individual diagnostic performance of each of the markers, based on receiver operating characteristic curves, was poor. When combinations of markers were evaluated by using classification tree analysis, a three-marker panel of CA-125, macrophage chemotactic protein-1, and leptin could diagnose 51% of subjects as to the presence of endometriosis with 89% accuracy. A four-marker panel of CA-125, macrophage chemotactic protein-1, leptin, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor could diagnose 48% of subjects with 93% accuracy. The remaining subjects would have no definitive diagnosis on the basis of the algorithm and would need to undergo standard evaluation. CONCLUSION(S) This large study evaluates the combined use of putative serum markers for the diagnosis of endometriosis, rather than the use of each singly. Using the serum concentration of four markers in a two-tiered decision rule, nearly half of the subjects in this population would have been diagnosed (and could have avoided surgery) with 93% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Seeber
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary D Sammel
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xuejun Fan
- Center for Research in Reproduction and Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - George L Gerton
- Center for Research in Reproduction and Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alka Shaunik
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesse Chittams
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kurt T Barnhart
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Purser JL, Kuchibhatla MN, Miranda ML, Blazer DG, Cohen HJ, Fillenbaum GG. Geographical segregation and IL-6: a marker of chronic inflammation in older adults. Biomark Med 2008; 2:335-348. [PMID: 19655043 PMCID: PMC2719974 DOI: 10.2217/17520363.2.4.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine environmental sociodemographic risks of high IL-6, a marker of chronic inflammation in older adults. METHODS: We spatially linked 1990 USA Census tract demographic and economic measures to a prospective cohort study of representative community residents aged 71 years and older, from over 1700 of whom a cytokine protein and biological marker of chronic inflammation. IL-6, was collected. Using generalized interactive mixed models, we modeled 1989-1990 individual and census level risk factors for the dependent variable high IL-6 between 1992-1993 (high IL-6 = upper quartile: >2.96 pg/ml). RESULTS: After individual health risk adjustment, IL-6 remained elevated in communities with greater densities of poor older adults (odd ratio [OR]: 1.25 per 10% increase in exposure. 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.48) and in racially segregated communities (OR: 1.14 per 10% increase in exposure. 95% CI: 1.04, 1.25). CONCLUSIONS: Socially disadvantaged environments may influence IL-6, a biomarker of age-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jama L Purser
- Department of Medicine, Box 3003, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA, Tel.: +1 919 660 7545; Fax: +1 919 668 0453; E-mail:
- Center for the Study of Aging & Human Development, Box 3003, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maragatha N. Kuchibhatla
- Center for the Study of Aging & Human Development, Box 3003, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marie L. Miranda
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Earth Sciences, PO Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Dan G. Blazer
- Center for the Study of Aging & Human Development, Box 3003, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Harvey J. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Box 3003, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA, Tel.: +1 919 660 7545; Fax: +1 919 668 0453; E-mail:
- Center for the Study of Aging & Human Development, Box 3003, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gerda G. Fillenbaum
- Center for the Study of Aging & Human Development, Box 3003, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Zabaleta J, Schneider BG, Ryckman K, Hooper PF, Camargo MC, Piazuelo MB, Sierra RA, Fontham ETH, Correa P, Williams SM, Ochoa AC. Ethnic differences in cytokine gene polymorphisms: potential implications for cancer development. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:107-14. [PMID: 17618436 PMCID: PMC11031046 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Differences in incidence and outcome of cancer among ethnic groups may be explained by biological and/or socio-economic factors. Genetic variations that affect chronic inflammation, a potentially important risk factor for carcinogenesis, may differ across ethnic groups. Such differences may help explain cancer disparities among these groups. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within cytokine genes can affect cytokine levels and the degree of inflammation. Associations between cancer and some cytokine SNPs have been suggested. However, these have not been consistently replicated among populations, suggesting that SNP function may differ according to ethnicity, or that SNPs alone do not completely account for regulation of inflammation. We examined seven polymorphisms in African-American (n = 294) and Caucasian (n = 299) newborns in Louisiana: IL1B-511C > T, IL1B-31T > C, IL1B + 3954C > T, IL1RN*2, IL10-1082G > A, IL10-592C > A, and TNF-308G > A. African-American newborns had significantly higher frequencies of IL1B-511T, IL1B-31C, IL10-1082A and IL10-592A alleles and complete linkage equilibrium between IL1B + 3954 and IL1B-31. In contrast, IL1B + 3954T, IL1RN*2, and TNF-308A were more frequent in Caucasian newborns and exhibited strong linkage disequilibrium between IL1B + 3954 and IL1B-31. All allelic frequencies were significantly different between groups. We hypothesize that these dissimilarities may contribute to differences in the inflammatory response and cancer incidence and mortality between African-Americans and Caucasians in Louisiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanny Zabaleta
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA USA
- 533 Bolivar St, CSRB 455, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | | | - Kelli Ryckman
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Pleasant F. Hooper
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Louisiana Office of Public Health, New Orleans, LA USA
- Present Address: Therapeutic Monitoring Services, L.L.C, New Orleans, LA USA
| | | | | | - Rosa A. Sierra
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA USA
| | | | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
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Kaplan RC, Ho GYF, Xue X, Rajpathak S, Cushman M, Rohan TE, Strickler HD, Scherer PE, Anastos K. Within-individual stability of obesity-related biomarkers among women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:1291-3. [PMID: 17548700 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Novel biomarkers including proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines are being explored as potential mediators of cancer and other obesity-related conditions. Prospective studies linking biomarker levels with disease outcomes often measure biomarkers at a single time point and assume that the within-individual variation in levels is small compared with the interindividual variation. However, this assumption is seldom tested. METHODS This study examined the within-individual stability over time of plasma adiponectin, resistin, leptin, plasma activator inhibitor type 1, hepatocyte growth factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and insulin among healthy young women. RESULTS The study included 17 women (9 Black non-Hispanic, 2 Black Hispanic, 2 White Hispanic, and 4 other race/ethnicity) with mean age of 32.3 years, mean body mass index of 31.2 kg/m2, and 76% prevalence of smoking. Analysis of intraclass correlation (ICC) suggested high to moderate correlation over repeated samples taken over 3 years in levels of resistin (ICC = 0.95), hepatocyte growth factor (0.91), plasma activator inhibitor type 1 (0.84), adiponectin (0.73), insulin (0.62), and leptin (0.58). ICCs were weaker for levels of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (0.39), and interleukin 6 (0.47). CONCLUSION In this population of minority young females with a high prevalence of overweight and smoking, several obesity-related endocrine markers were stable over a period of 3 years. This supports the feasibility of longitudinal studies relating these biomarkers to the future occurrence of cancer and other health consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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Palomar L, DeFranco EA, Lee KA, Allsworth JE, Muglia LJ. Paternal race is a risk factor for preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 197:152.e1-7. [PMID: 17689630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 01/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that paternal race influences the risk for preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a population-based cohort study to examine the association of paternal race with preterm birth using the Missouri Department of Health's birth registry from 1989-1997. Birth outcomes were analyzed in 4 categories: white mother/white father, white mother/black father, black mother/white father, and black mother/ black father. RESULTS We evaluated 527,845 birth records. The risk of preterm birth at <35 weeks of gestation increased when either parent was black (white mother/black father: adjusted odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.13, 1.46], black mother/white father: adjusted odds ratio, 2.10 [95% CI, 1.68, 2.62], and black mother/black father: adjusted odds ratio, 2.28 [95% CI, 2.18, 2.39]) and was even higher for extreme preterm birth (<28 weeks of gestation) in pregnancies with a nonwhite parent. CONCLUSION Paternal black race is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth in white mothers, which suggests a paternal contribution to fetal genotype that ultimately influences the risk for preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Palomar
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Menon R, Velez DR, Thorsen P, Vogel I, Jacobsson B, Williams SM, Fortunato SJ. Ethnic differences in key candidate genes for spontaneous preterm birth: TNF-alpha and its receptors. Hum Hered 2007; 62:107-18. [PMID: 17047334 DOI: 10.1159/000096301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) has a significant ethnic disparity with people of African descent having an almost 2-fold higher incidence than those of European descent in the United States. This disparity may be caused by differences in the distribution of genetic risk factors. The objective of this study is to examine genetic differences between African-Americans and European Americans for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes for PTB. METHODS We examined patterns of variation in 19 SNPs in 3 candidate genes for preterm birth: TNF-alpha, TNF-receptor 1 and TNF-receptor 2. Allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared between African-Americans (AA) and European-Americans (EA) in cases and controls separately. Both maternal and fetal genotypes were studied, as it is unclear whether one or both of these are important in the etiology of PTB. RESULTS The vast majority of the SNPs differed significantly between ethnic groups, although there are only a few suggestive results comparing cases and controls within an ethnic group. For TNF-alpha, four of six SNPs; for TNF-R1, 5/6; and for TNF-R2, 6/7 showed significant differences between ethnic groups in either allele and/or genotype frequency. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate highly significant genetic differences between ethnic groups in genes that may play a role in the risk of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Menon
- The Perinatal Research Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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Kaput J, Dawson K. Complexity of type 2 diabetes mellitus data sets emerging from nutrigenomic research: a case for dimensionality reduction? Mutat Res 2007; 622:19-32. [PMID: 17559889 PMCID: PMC1994901 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrigenomics promises personalized nutrition and an improvement in preventing, delaying, and reducing the symptoms of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Nutritional genomics is the study of how foods affect the expression of genetic information in an individual and how an individual's genetic makeup affects the metabolism and response to nutrients and other bioactive components in food. The path to those promises has significant challenges, from experimental designs that include analysis of genetic heterogeneity to the complexities of food and environmental factors. One of the more significant complications in developing the knowledge base and potential applications is how to analyze high-dimensional datasets of genetic, nutrient, metabolomic (clinical), and other variables influencing health and disease processes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is used as an illustration of the challenges in studying complex phenotypes with nutrigenomics concepts and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Kaput
- Center of Excellence in Nutritional Genomics, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Velez DR, Menon R, Thorsen P, Jiang L, Simhan H, Morgan N, Fortunato SJ, Williams SM. Ethnic differences in interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL6 receptor genes in spontaneous preterm birth and effects on amniotic fluid protein levels. Ann Hum Genet 2007; 71:586-600. [PMID: 17346257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a significant neonatal health problem that is more common in African-Americans (AA) than in European-Americans (EA). Part of this disparity is likely to result from the differing genetic architectures of EA and AA. To begin assessing the role of these differences, patterns of genetic variation in two previously proposed candidate genes, encoding interleukin 6 (IL6) and its receptor (IL6R), were analyzed in mothers and fetuses from 496 EA birth-events (149 cases and 347 controls) and 397 birth-events in AA (76 cases and 321 controls). IL-6 levels in amniotic fluid (AF) samples were determined in a subset of these pregnancies. Case-control comparisons revealed a single SNP in IL6R associated with PTB (p=0.04 for allelic and p=0.05 for genotype association). In addition, all of the SNPs studied showed significant frequency differences between AA and EA in at least one comparison, significantly in excess of that expected from general population databases. Higher IL-6 concentrations were associated with the IL6 SNP -661 in EA preterm samples (p=0.0056), and this result seems to be driven by microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, indicating a gene by infection interaction. These findings indicate that, as a function of IL6 genotype, EA and AA women respond differently to infection with respect to their expression of IL-6. Our data support differential genetic control of levels of IL-6 in amniotic fluid between EA and AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Velez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Application of nutrigenomic concepts to Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007; 17:89-103. [PMID: 17276047 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genetic makeup that individuals inherit from their ancestors is responsible for variation in responses to food and susceptibility to chronic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Common variations in gene sequences, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, produce differences in complex traits such as height or weight potential, food metabolism, food-gene interactions, and disease susceptibilities. Nutritional genomics, or nutrigenomics, is the study of how foods affect the expression of genetic information in an individual and how an individual's genetic makeup affects the metabolism and response to nutrients and other bioactive components in food. Since both diet and genes alter one's health and susceptibility to disease, identifying genes that are regulated by diet and that cause or contribute to chronic diseases could result in the development of diagnostic tools, individualized intervention, and eventually strategies for maintaining health. Translating this research through clinical studies promises contributions to the development of personalized medicine that includes nutritional as well as drug interventions. Reviewed here are the key nutrigenomic concepts that help explain aspects of the development and complexity of T2DM.
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Dashash M, Drucker DB, Blinkhorn AS. Interleukin-10 haplotype frequencies in children with gingivitis. J Periodontol 2006; 77:1503-9. [PMID: 16945026 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the interleukin (IL)-10 gene have been identified at positions -1082 (G-->A), -819 (C-->T), and -592 (C-->A). Linkage disequilibrium between alleles -819*C, and -592*C was observed. A previous study addressed the association between the -1082*A allele and gingivitis in white Caucasian children. The aim of this case-control study was to test whether differences could exist between children with and without gingivitis in the distribution of IL-10 alleles and haplotypes at positions -1082, -819, and -592. METHODS A total of 248 subjects aged 8 to 12 years from the University Dental Hospital of Manchester were enrolled in this study. According to gingival and bleeding on probing indices, 84 children were classified as controls and 164 as children with gingivitis. Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) was used for genotyping IL-10 polymorphisms. Allele and haplotype frequencies were calculated by direct counting and by a haplotype frequency estimation (EH) program. Differences between subjects with gingivitis and controls in the frequency of haplotypes were determined by a chi2 test of homogeneity. RESULTS The GCC/GCC genotype, which has been associated with increased production of IL-10, was significantly more frequent in controls than in children with gingivitis (36% versus 23%) (P=0.036). In addition, there was a marginally significant difference between controls and cases in the frequency of haplotypes (P=0.06). The GCC haplotype was more frequent in controls than in children with gingivitis (60% versus 50%). In contrast, the ACC and ATA haplotypes were more frequent in children with gingivitis (27% and 23% versus 19% and 21% in controls). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms could have an active role in the pathogenesis of gingivitis in Caucasian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssoon Dashash
- Child Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Speer EM, Gentile DA, Zeevi A, Pillage G, Huo D, Skoner DP. Role of single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytokine genes in spontaneous preterm delivery. Hum Immunol 2006; 67:915-23. [PMID: 17145371 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.08.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intra-amniotic infections are implicated in spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD). Certain genetic polymorphisms are associated with increased production of proinflammatory and/or decreased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby possibly promoting PTD. We determined the relationship between maternal and fetal cytokine gene polymorphisms with occurrence and severity of spontaneous PTD (PTD after spontaneous-onset preterm labor and/or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes) and their association with intrauterine inflammation and infection. DNA from buccal brushings of 80 preterm (gestation < 35 weeks) and 80 matched term mother-infant pairs was assayed for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha [-308G/A]), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma [+874A/T]), interleukin-6 (IL-6 [-174C/G]), interleukin-10 (IL-10 [-1082G/A, -819C/T, -592C/A]), and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1 [T/Ccodon10,G/Ccodon25]) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequence-specific primers. The presence of histologic chorioamnionitis was determined for PTDs. Conditioned on maternal IFN-gamma genotypes, fetal high IFN-gamma producing allele (IFN-gamma[+874T]) was associated with spontaneous PTD (odds ratio = 2.3 [1.2-4.4]). Among preterm deliveries, maternal low TGF-beta1 (TGF-beta1 [codon10C]) producing genotypes correlated negatively with gestation. Fetal TNF-alpha (-308G) was significantly associated with histologic chorioamnionitis. Underlying genitourinary infections and/or inflammation were significantly associated with maternal and fetal IL-6 (-174G), fetal TNF-alpha (-308GG), and fetal IL-10 (-1082A). We conclude that certain fetal and maternal cytokine gene polymorphisms may be associated with occurrence and/or severity of spontaneous PTD and with intrauterine inflammation and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Monika Speer
- University of Chicago Hospitals, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Tan EC, Loh M, Chuon D, Lim YP. Singapore Human Mutation/Polymorphism Database: a country-specific database for mutations and polymorphisms in inherited disorders and candidate gene association studies. Hum Mutat 2006; 27:232-5. [PMID: 16429432 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for country/population-specific databases because the existence of population-specific mutations for single gene disorders is well documented, and there is also good evidence for ethnic differences in the frequencies of genetic variations involved in complex disorders. Thus the Singapore Human Mutation/Polymorphism Database (SHMPD) was created to provide clinicians and scientists access to a central genetic database for the Singapore population. The data catalogued in the database include mutations identified in Singapore for Mendelian diseases, and frequencies of polymorphisms that have been investigated in either healthy controls or samples associated with specific phenotypes. Data from journal articles identified by searches in PubMed and other online resources, and via personal communications with researchers were compiled and assembled into a single database. Genes are categorized alphabetically and are also searchable by name and disease. The information provided for each variant of the gene includes the protein encoded, phenotype association, gender, size, and ethnic origin of the sample, as well as the reported genotype and allele frequencies, and direct links to the corresponding abstracts on PubMed. Our database will facilitate molecular diagnosis of Mendelian disorders and improve study designs for complex traits. It will be useful not only for researchers in Singapore, but also for those in countries with similar ethnic backgrounds, such as China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ene-choo Tan
- Defense Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Republic of Singapore.
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Crider KS, Whitehead N, Buus RM. Genetic variation associated with preterm birth: a HuGE review. Genet Med 2006; 7:593-604. [PMID: 16301860 DOI: 10.1097/01.gim.0000187223.69947.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a major public health concern because of its high prevalence, associated mortality and morbidity, and expense from both short-term hospitalization and long-term disability. In 2002, 11.9% of U.S. births occurred before 37 weeks gestation. Epidemiologic studies have identified many demographic, behavioral, and medical characteristics associated with PTB risk. In addition, recent evidence indicates a role for genetic susceptibility. We reviewed 18 studies published before June 1, 2004, that examined associations between polymorphisms in the maternal or fetal genome and PTB risk. Studies of a polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine, showed the most consistent increase in the risk of PTB. Environmental factors such as infection, stress, and obesity, which activate inflammatory pathways, have been associated with PTB, suggesting that environmental and genetic risk factors might operate and interact through related pathways. This review highlights maternal and fetal genetic susceptibilities to PTB, the potential relationships with environmental risk factors, and the need for additional well-designed studies of this critical public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista S Crider
- Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Abstract
PROBLEM Considering that cytokines are involved in preeclampsia (PE) pathogenesis and that cytokine gene polymorphism may affect cytokine production, our purpose was to investigate the association of PE with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (-308), transforming growth factor-beta1 (+10; 25), interleukin (IL)-10 (-1082), IL-6 (-174), and interferon-gamma (+874) polymorphisms. METHOD OF STUDY Genotyping was performed in women with PE (56 White and 95 non-White women) and in women without obstetric pathology (92 White and 97 non-White women). Data were analyzed by the chi-square or Fisher exact test. We performed a meta-analysis encompassing these and results from other laboratories on the association of TNF-alpha polymorphisms and PE. RESULTS We observed a lower frequency of the IL-10 -1082-G/G genotype in White women with PE (PE: 5%; Control (C): 15%, P = 0.02) and no association for all other polymorphisms, including meta-analysis of TNF-alpha results. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that PE is associated with IL-10-(1082) polymorphism but not with TNF-(308) polymorphism. On the basis of meta-analysis, we confirm the need for more studies for the evaluation of cytokine genotype in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Daher
- Obstetrics Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Laguila Visentainer JE, Lieber SR, Lopes Persoli LB, Dutra Marques SB, Vigorito AC, Penteado Aranha FJ, de Brito Eid KA, Oliveira GB, Martins Miranda EC, Bragotto L, de Souza CA. Relationship between cytokine gene polymorphisms and graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a Brazilian population. Cytokine 2005; 32:171-7. [PMID: 16243534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Revised: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and cytokines are recognized as important mediators of GVHD. Polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of several cytokine genes have been associated with a number of immune diseases as well as organ transplant complications. In this study we have investigated the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(-308), interleukin (IL)-6(-174), IL-10(-1082, -819, -592), Interferon-gamma(-874), and transforming growth factor-beta1(+869, +915) polymorphisms on HSCT outcome. Donor/recipient genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). Although we have found a small number of low IL-6, a polymorphism at position -174 of the recipient and donor IL-6 gene was associated with the increased incidence of chronic GVHD. Therefore, this study emphasizes the probable potential role of genetic variability of donor and recipient in determining outcome after transplantation.
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Delaney NL, Esquenazi V, Lucas DP, Zachary AA, Leffell MS. TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-10, IL-6, and INF-gamma alleles among African Americans and Cuban Americans. Report of the ASHI Minority Workshops: Part IV. Hum Immunol 2005; 65:1413-9. [PMID: 15603866 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2004] [Revised: 07/21/2004] [Accepted: 07/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Point mutations or single nucleotide substitutions in the regulatory regions of cytokine genes may affect levels of cytokine expression and have been associated with acute and chronic rejection in organ transplantation, severity of graft-versus-host disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplants, and predisposition to autoimmune disorders. Because these cytokine variants have been studied primarily among Caucasians, we defined the alleles and frequencies of five cytokines among 691 unrelated, adult African Americans and 296 Cuban Americans in the American Society for Histocompatibility/National Institutes of Health Minority HLA Workshops. The genotypes of all cytokines, except for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta among African Americans, were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium. Genotype frequencies among African American and Cuban American participants were compared with those of 75 North American Caucasian bone marrow donors and with published frequencies. Significant differences were observed in all comparisons except between Cuban and Caucasian Americans for alleles of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10. The most notable differences were in genotype frequencies of African Americans compared with those of the two other populations. The frequency of the IFN-gamma genotype A/A, which is associated with low expression, was significantly higher in African Americans than in Caucasian or Cuban Americans (0.66 vs 0.37 and 0.26, respectively; p < 0.0001 for both comparisons). The high-expression G/G genotype for IL-6 was more than twice as prevalent among African Americans as among Caucasians and 1.5 times more frequent than among Cuban Americans (respective frequencies: 0.85 vs 0.38 and 0.49; p < 0.0001 for both comparisons). In African Americans, the frequency of the high-expression genotype for IL-10, GCC/GCC, was approximately half that of the frequency in Cuban and Caucasian Americans (0.10 vs 0.19 and 0.23, respectively; p < 0.0001, p = 0.004). Because levels of expression can affect inflammation and immune regulation, differences in cytokine allele frequencies between racial or ethnic groups may contribute to different incidences of autoimmunity and allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Delaney
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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