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Brenna S, Glatzel M, Magnus T, Puig B, Galliciotti G. Neuroserpin and Extracellular Vesicles in Ischemic Stroke: Partners in Neuroprotection? Aging Dis 2024; 15:2191-2204. [PMID: 39191396 PMCID: PMC11346402 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke represents a significant global health challenge, often resulting in death or long-term disability, particularly among the elderly, where advancing age stands as the most unmodifiable risk factor. Arising from the blockage of a brain-feeding artery, the only therapies available to date aim at removing the blood clot to restore cerebral blood flow and rescue neuronal cells from death. The prevailing treatment approach involves thrombolysis by administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), albeit with a critical time constraint. Timely intervention is imperative, given that delayed thrombolysis increases tPA leakage into the brain parenchyma, causing harmful effects. Strategies to preserve tPA's vascular benefits while shielding brain cells from its toxicity have been explored. Notably, administering neuroserpin (Ns), a brain-specific tPA inhibitor, represents one such approach. Following ischemic stroke, Ns levels rise and correlate with favorable post-stroke outcomes. Studies in rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia have demonstrated the beneficial effects of Ns administration. Ns treatment maintains blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, reducing stroke volume. Conversely, Ns-deficient animals exhibit larger stroke injury, increased BBB permeability and enhanced microglia activation. Furthermore, Ns administration extends the therapeutic window for tPA intervention, underscoring its potential in stroke management. Remarkably, our investigation reveals the presence of Ns within extracellular vesicles (EVs), small membrane-surrounded particles released by all cells and critical for intercellular communication. EVs influence disease outcome following stroke through cargo transfer between cells. Clarifying the role of EVs containing NS could open up urgently needed novel therapeutic approaches to improve post-ischemic stroke outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santra Brenna
- Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI) Group, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI) Group, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI) Group, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Galliciotti
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Wang LW, Hsiung CW, Chang CP, Lin MT, Chen SJ. Neuroserpin normalization by mesenchymal stem cell therapy after encephalopathy of prematurity in neonatal rats. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03412-z. [PMID: 39085403 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemia (HI), infection/inflammation and reperfusion injury are pathogenic factors of encephalopathy of prematurity, which involves maturational/neurotrophic disturbances in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) and neurons/axons. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might facilitate neuroserpin production, which is neurotrophic for OPC/neurons. This study investigated MSC effects on developmental disturbances after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-sensitized HI/reperfusion (LHIR) injury and the relation to neuroserpin expression. METHODS Postnatal day 2 (P2) rat pups received intraperitoneal LPS (5 µg/kg) injection followed by HI (unilateral common-carotid-artery ligation and 6.5% oxygen exposure for 90 min) and post-HI reperfusion (release of ligation). MSCs (5 × 104 cells) were injected into the left lateral ventricle at 24 h post-LHIR. Neurological tests and brain tissue examinations were performed between P5 and P56. RESULTS After LHIR injury, MSC therapy significantly reduced cell death in subplate neurons, attenuated axonal damage, and facilitated synaptophysin synthesis in the cortex. It also alleviated OPC maturation arrest and preserved the complexity of myelinated axons in the white matter, leading to cognitive, motor and behavioral functional improvements. These beneficial effects were linked to restored neuroserpin expression in subplate neurons. CONCLUSIONS MSC therapy ameliorated developmental disturbances after LHIR injury through protection of neuroserpin expression, serving as a promising approach for treating encephalopathy of prematurity. IMPACT Neuroserpin is secreted by subplate neurons and may regulate the development of neurons and oligodendrocyte-axon contact for myelination in the premature brain. LPS-sensitized hypoxic-ischemia/reperfusion (LHIR) injury caused the developmental disturbances of neurons/axons and oligodendrocytes, and lowered neuroserpin levels in a neonatal rat model simulating encephalopathy of prematurity. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy alleviated the developmental disturbances after LHIR injury through protection of neuroserpin expression in subplate neurons, offering a new perspective on potential treatment for encephalopathy of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Wan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
- School of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chien-Wei Hsiung
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shyi-Jou Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Malyshev AV, Pavshintcev VV, Mitkin NA, Sukhanova IA, Gedzun VR, Zlobin AS, Doronin II, Babkin GA, Sawyer TK. The novel peptide LCGM-10 attenuates metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 activity and demonstrates behavioral effects in animal models. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1333258. [PMID: 38385004 PMCID: PMC10879279 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1333258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We employed a structural bioinformatics approach to develop novel peptides with predicted affinity to the binding site for negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Primary screening in zebrafish (Danio rerio) revealed a stimulatory effect of two peptides, LCGM-10 and LCGM-15. Target validation studies using calcium ion flux imaging and a luciferase reporter assay confirmed mGluR5 as the target. LCGM-10 showed greater potency than LCGM-15; it was comparable to that of the mGluR5 NAM 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP). Rodent behavioral screening in the open field and elevated plus maze revealed increased locomotor activity in both tests after acute LCGM-10 treatment, supported by further analysis of home cage spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA). The stimulating effect of a single LCGM-10 administration on SLA was evident up to 60 min after administration and was not accompanied by hypokinetic rebound observed for caffeine. According to our results, LCGM-10 has therapeutic potential to treat hypo- and dyskinesias of various etiologies. Further investigation of LCGM-10 effects in the delay discounting model of impulsive choice in rats revealed reduced trait impulsivity after single and chronic administrations, suggesting potential implication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and addictions.
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Chitranshi N, Rajput R, Godinez A, Pushpitha K, Mirzaei M, Basavarajappa D, Gupta V, Sharma S, You Y, Galliciotti G, Salekdeh GH, Baker MS, Graham SL, Gupta VK. Neuroserpin gene therapy inhibits retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and promotes functional preservation in glaucoma. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2056-2076. [PMID: 36905120 PMCID: PMC10362384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our research has proven that the inhibitory activity of the serine protease inhibitor neuroserpin (NS) is impaired because of its oxidation deactivation in glaucoma. Using genetic NS knockout (NS-/-) and NS overexpression (NS+/+ Tg) animal models and antibody-based neutralization approaches, we demonstrate that NS loss is detrimental to retinal structure and function. NS ablation was associated with perturbations in autophagy and microglial and synaptic markers, leading to significantly enhanced IBA1, PSD95, beclin-1, and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and reduced phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH) levels. On the other hand, NS upregulation promoted retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival in wild-type and NS-/- glaucomatous mice and increased pNFH expression. NS+/+Tg mice demonstrated decreased PSD95, beclin-1, LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, and IBA1 following glaucoma induction, highlighting its protective role. We generated a novel reactive site NS variant (M363R-NS) resistant to oxidative deactivation. Intravitreal administration of M363R-NS was observed to rescue the RGC degenerative phenotype in NS-/- mice. These findings demonstrate that NS dysfunction plays a key role in the glaucoma inner retinal degenerative phenotype and that modulating NS imparts significant protection to the retina. NS upregulation protected RGC function and restored biochemical networks associated with autophagy and microglial and synaptic function in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Godinez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giovanna Galliciotti
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ghasem H Salekdeh
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mark S Baker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek K Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Catale C, Martini A, Piscitelli RM, Senzasono B, Iacono LL, Mercuri NB, Guatteo E, Carola V. Early-life social stress induces permanent alterations in plasticity and perineuronal nets in the mouse anterior cingulate cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5763-5783. [PMID: 36117291 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Child maltreatment disrupts trajectories of brain development, but the underlying pathways are unclear. Stressful stimuli in early life interfere with maturation of local inhibitory circuitry and deposition of perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized extracellular matrix structures involved in the closure of critical periods of development. Alterations in cortical PNN and parvalbumin (PV) following early-life stress (ELS) have been detected in human and animal studies. Aberrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are the most consistent neuroimaging findings in maltreated people, but the molecular mechanisms linking ELS with ACC dysfunctions are unknown. Here, we employed a mouse model of early social threat to test whether ELS experienced in a sensitive period for ACC maturation could induce long-term aberrations of PNN and PV development in the ACC, with consequences on plasticity and ACC-dependent behavior. We found that ELS increased PNN but not PV expression in the ACC of young adult mice. This was associated with reduced frequency of inhibitory postsynaptic currents and long-term potentiation impairments and expression of intense object phobia. Our findings provide information on the long-term effects of ELS on ACC functionality and PNN formation and present evidence for a novel neurobiological pathway underlying the impact of early adversity on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Catale
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Martini
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Piscitelli
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Motor Science and Wellness, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Lo Iacono
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B Mercuri
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezia Guatteo
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Motor Science and Wellness, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Carola
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Erdinger S, Amrein I, Back M, Ludewig S, Korte M, von Engelhardt J, Wolfer DP, Müller UC. Lack of APLP1 leads to subtle alterations in neuronal morphology but does not affect learning and memory. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1028836. [DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1028836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein APP plays a crucial role in Alzheimer pathogenesis. Its physiological functions, however, are only beginning to be unraveled. APP belongs to a small gene family, including besides APP the closely related amyloid precursor-like proteins APLP1 and APLP2, that all constitute synaptic adhesion proteins. While APP and APLP2 are ubiquitously expressed, APLP1 is specific for the nervous system. Previous genetic studies, including combined knockouts of several family members, pointed towards a unique role for APLP1, as only APP/APLP1 double knockouts were viable. We now examined brain and neuronal morphology in APLP1 single knockout (KO) animals, that have to date not been studied in detail. Here, we report that APLP1-KO mice show normal spine density in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and subtle alterations in dendritic complexity. Extracellular field recordings revealed normal basal synaptic transmission and no alterations in synaptic plasticity (LTP). Further, behavioral studies revealed in APLP1-KO mice a small deficit in motor function and reduced diurnal locomotor activity, while learning and memory were not affected by the loss of APLP1. In summary, our study indicates that APP family members serve both distinct and overlapping functions that need to be considered for therapeutic treatments of Alzheimer’s disease.
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7
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Torrente D, Su EJ, Fredriksson L, Warnock M, Bushart D, Mann KM, Emal CD, Lawrence DA. Compartmentalized Actions of the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors, PAI-1 and Nsp, in Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:801-815. [PMID: 35122213 PMCID: PMC9349468 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-00992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a multifunctional protease. In blood tPA is best understood for its role in fibrinolysis, whereas in the brain tPA is reported to regulate blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and to promote neurodegeneration. Thrombolytic tPA is used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, its use is associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation. In blood the primary regulator of tPA activity is plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), whereas in the brain, its primary inhibitor is thought to be neuroserpin (Nsp). In this study, we compare the effects of PAI-1 and Nsp deficiency in a mouse model of ischemic stroke and show that tPA has both beneficial and harmful effects that are differentially regulated by PAI-1 and Nsp. Following ischemic stroke Nsp deficiency in mice leads to larger strokes, increased BBB permeability, and increased spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. In contrast, PAI-1 deficiency results in smaller infarcts and increased cerebral blood flow recovery. Mechanistically, our data suggests that these differences are largely due to the compartmentalized action of PAI-1 and Nsp, with Nsp deficiency enhancing tPA activity in the CNS which increases BBB permeability and worsens stroke outcomes, while PAI-1 deficiency enhances fibrinolysis and improves recovery. Finally, we show that treatment with a combination therapy that enhances endogenous fibrinolysis by inhibiting PAI-1 with MDI-2268 and reduces BBB permeability by inhibiting tPA-mediated PDGFRα signaling with imatinib significantly reduces infarct size compared to vehicle-treated mice and to mice with either treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torrente
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Enming Joseph Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 7301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0644, USA
| | - Linda Fredriksson
- Biomedicum, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9, Quarter 6D, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mark Warnock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 7301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0644, USA
| | - David Bushart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 7301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0644, USA
- Current affiliation: Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kris M Mann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 7301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0644, USA
| | - Cory D Emal
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 7301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0644, USA.
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8
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Error-prone protein synthesis recapitulates early symptoms of Alzheimer disease in aging mice. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111433. [PMID: 36170830 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are associated with the aggregation and propagation of specific pathogenic protein species (e.g., Aβ, α-synuclein). However, whether disruption of synaptic homeostasis results from protein misfolding per se rather than accumulation of a specific rogue protein is an unexplored question. Here, we show that error-prone translation, with its frequent outcome of random protein misfolding, is sufficient to recapitulate many early features of NDDs, including perturbed Ca2+ signaling, neuronal hyperexcitability, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mice expressing the ribosomal ambiguity mutation Rps9 D95N exhibited disrupted synaptic homeostasis resulting in behavioral changes reminiscent of early Alzheimer disease (AD), such as learning and memory deficits, maladaptive emotional responses, epileptiform discharges, suppressed circadian rhythmicity, and sleep fragmentation, accompanied by hippocampal NPY expression and cerebral glucose hypometabolism. Collectively, our findings suggest that random protein misfolding may contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related NDDs, providing an alternative framework for understanding the initiation of AD.
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Mignogna ML, Ficarella R, Gelmini S, Marzulli L, Ponzi E, Gabellone A, Peschechera A, Alessio M, Margari L, Gentile M, D’Adamo P. Clinical characterization of a novel RAB39B nonstop mutation in a family with ASD and severe ID causing RAB39B downregulation and study of a Rab39b knock down mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1389-1406. [PMID: 34761259 PMCID: PMC9071400 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) often exist together in patients. The RAB39B gene has been reported to be mutated in ID patients with additional clinical features ranging from ASD, macrocephaly, seizures and/or early-onset parkinsonism. Here, we describe a novel RAB39B nonstop mutation [Xq28; c.640 T > C; p.(*214Glnext*21)] in a family with ASD, severe ID and poor motor coordination, and we assessed the pathogenicity of the mutation. A heterologous cell system and a Rab39b knockdown (KD) murine model, which mimic the nonstop mutation, were used to validate the deleterious effect of the RAB39B mutation. The mutation led to RAB39B protein instability, resulting in its increased degradation and consequent downregulation. Using a Rab39b KD mouse model, we demonstrated that the downregulation of RAB39B led to increased GluA2 lacking Ca2+-permeable AMPAR composition at the hippocampal neuronal surface and increased dendritic spine density that remained in an immature filopodia-like state. These phenotypes affected behavioural performance in a disease-specific manner. Rab39b KD mice revealed impaired social behaviour but intact social recognition. They also showed normal anxiety-like, exploratory and motivational behaviours but impaired working and associative memories. In conclusion, we found a novel RAB39B nonstop variant that segregated in a family with a clinical phenotype including ID, ASD and poor motor coordination. The pathogenicity of mutations causing the downregulation of RAB39B proteins, impacting AMPAR trafficking and dendritic spine morphogenesis, reinforced the idea that AMPAR modulation and dendritic spine assets could be considered hallmarks of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lidia Mignogna
- Molecular Genetics of Intellectual Disability, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Romina Ficarella
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Susanna Gelmini
- Molecular Genetics of Intellectual Disability, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Marzulli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ponzi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gabellone
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonia Peschechera
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Massino Alessio
- Proteome Biochemistry, Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Margari
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Mattia Gentile
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia D’Adamo
- Molecular Genetics of Intellectual Disability, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
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Shcherbakov D, Nigri M, Akbergenov R, Brilkova M, Mantovani M, Petit PI, Grimm A, Karol AA, Teo Y, Sanchón AC, Kumar Y, Eckert A, Thiam K, Seebeck P, Wolfer DP, Böttger EC. Premature aging in mice with error-prone protein synthesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl9051. [PMID: 35235349 PMCID: PMC8890705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl9051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The main source of error in gene expression is messenger RNA decoding by the ribosome. Translational accuracy has been suggested on a purely correlative basis to positively coincide with maximum possible life span among different rodent species, but causal evidence that translation errors accelerate aging in vivo and limit life span is lacking. We have now addressed this question experimentally by creating heterozygous knock-in mice that express the ribosomal ambiguity mutation RPS9 D95N, resulting in genome-wide error-prone translation. Here, we show that Rps9 D95N knock-in mice exhibit reduced life span and a premature onset of numerous aging-related phenotypes, such as reduced weight, chest deformation, hunchback posture, poor fur condition, and urinary syndrome, together with lymphopenia, increased levels of reactive oxygen species-inflicted damage, accelerated age-related changes in DNA methylation, and telomere attrition. Our results provide an experimental link between translational accuracy, life span, and aging-related phenotypes in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Shcherbakov
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Nigri
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Zürich, and Institut für Bewegungswissenschaften und Sport, ETH Zürich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rashid Akbergenov
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Margarita Brilkova
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matilde Mantovani
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Amandine Grimm
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka A. Karol
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Youjin Teo
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adrián Cortés Sanchón
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yadhu Kumar
- Eurofins Genomics Europe Sequencing GmbH, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anne Eckert
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Petra Seebeck
- Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (ZIRP), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David P. Wolfer
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Zürich, and Institut für Bewegungswissenschaften und Sport, ETH Zürich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik C. Böttger
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
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Godinez A, Rajput R, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Basavarajappa D, Sharma S, You Y, Pushpitha K, Dhiman K, Mirzaei M, Graham S, Gupta V. Neuroserpin, a crucial regulator for axogenesis, synaptic modelling and cell-cell interactions in the pathophysiology of neurological disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:172. [PMID: 35244780 PMCID: PMC8897380 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neuroserpin is an axonally secreted serpin that is involved in regulating plasminogen and its enzyme activators, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The protein has been increasingly shown to play key roles in neuronal development, plasticity, maturation and synaptic refinement. The proteinase inhibitor may function both independently and through tPA-dependent mechanisms. Herein, we discuss the recent evidence regarding the role of neuroserpin in healthy and diseased conditions and highlight the participation of the serpin in various cellular signalling pathways. Several polymorphisms and mutations have also been identified in the protein that may affect the serpin conformation, leading to polymer formation and its intracellular accumulation. The current understanding of the involvement of neuroserpin in Alzheimer's disease, cancer, glaucoma, stroke, neuropsychiatric disorders and familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is presented. To truly understand the detrimental consequences of neuroserpin dysfunction and the effective therapeutic targeting of this molecule in pathological conditions, a cross-disciplinary understanding of neuroserpin alterations and its cellular signaling networks is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Godinez
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kunal Dhiman
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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12
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D'Acunto E, Fra A, Visentin C, Manno M, Ricagno S, Galliciotti G, Miranda E. Neuroserpin: structure, function, physiology and pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6409-6430. [PMID: 34405255 PMCID: PMC8558161 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor identified in a search for proteins implicated in neuronal axon growth and synapse formation. Since its discovery over 30 years ago, it has been the focus of active research. Many efforts have concentrated in elucidating its neuroprotective role in brain ischemic lesions, the structural bases of neuroserpin conformational change and the effects of neuroserpin polymers that underlie the neurodegenerative disease FENIB (familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies), but the investigation of the physiological roles of neuroserpin has increased over the last years. In this review, we present an updated and critical revision of the current literature dealing with neuroserpin, covering all aspects of research including the expression and physiological roles of neuroserpin, both inside and outside the nervous system; its inhibitory and non-inhibitory mechanisms of action; the molecular structure of the monomeric and polymeric conformations of neuroserpin, including a detailed description of the polymerisation mechanism; and the involvement of neuroserpin in human disease, with particular emphasis on FENIB. Finally, we briefly discuss the identification by genome-wide screening of novel neuroserpin variants and their possible pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela D'Acunto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fra
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Visentin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Galliciotti
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Miranda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Han S, Zhang D, Dong Q, Wang X, Wang L. Overexpression of neuroserpin in larval and adult zebrafish shows different behavioral phenotypes. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136175. [PMID: 34400286 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Serpini1, which encodes neuroserpin, has been implicated in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. In this study, an inducible neuroserpin overexpression transgenic zebrafish was generated to investigate its role in different developmental stages. Neuroserpin overexpression was induced by doxycycline in larval and adult zebrafish respectively. Locomotion and thigmotaxis were recorded and analyzed using the ZebraBox high-throughput monitoring equipment and the ZebraLab software system. We find that Tg (serpini1) (+DOX) zebrafish larvae are more hypoactive than their wild-type counterparts at 7 day-postfertilization and anxiety-like behavior is observed in Tg (serpini1) (+DOX) adult zebrafish at 3 month-postfertilization. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis reveals that neuroserpin overexpression affects neurodegeneration-related gene expression. In summary, we report that neuroserpin overexpression in larval and adult zebrafish shows different behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Han
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Fatima S, Ansari S, Bano S, Ahamad S, Ishqi HM, Tabish M, Gupta D, Rehman SU, Jairajpuri MA. Detection of truncated isoforms of human neuroserpin lacking the reactive center loop: Implications in noninhibitory role. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:941-952. [PMID: 33893722 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor expressed mainly in the brain and at low levels in other tissues like the kidney, testis, heart, and spinal cord. It is involved in the inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasmin, and to a lesser extent, urokinase-type plasminogen (uPA). Neuroserpin has also been shown to plays noninhibitory roles in the regulation of N-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. It is involved in neuroprotection from seizure and stroke through tPA-mediated inhibition and also through its other protease targets. Mutations in critical domains of neuroserpin lead to its polymerization and neuronal death. In this study, a novel truncated isoform of human neuroserpin was identified in the brain and liver, which was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR and DNA sequencing using exon-specific primers. Structural characterization of novel isoform using MD simulations studies indicated that it lacks the reactive center loop (RCL) but largely maintains its secondary structure fold. The novel truncated variant was cloned, expressed, and purified. A comparative intrinsic fluorescence and 4,4'-bis-1-anilino naphthalene 8-sulfonate studies revealed a decrease in fluorescence emission intensity and a more exposed hydrophobic surface as compared to the reported isoform. However, the novel isoform has lost its ability for tPA inhibition and complex formation. The absence of RCL indicates a noninhibitory role for the truncated isoform, prompting a detailed search and identification of two smaller isoforms in the human brain. With indications of the noninhibitory role of neuroserpin, identifying novel isoforms that appear to be without the tPA recognition domain is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Fatima
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shoyab Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shadabi Bano
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahzaib Ahamad
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Hassan Mubarak Ishqi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh M. University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Tabish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh M. University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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15
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Steubler V, Erdinger S, Back MK, Ludewig S, Fässler D, Richter M, Han K, Slomianka L, Amrein I, von Engelhardt J, Wolfer DP, Korte M, Müller UC. Loss of all three APP family members during development impairs synaptic function and plasticity, disrupts learning, and causes an autism-like phenotype. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107471. [PMID: 34008862 PMCID: PMC8204861 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The key role of APP for Alzheimer pathogenesis is well established. However, perinatal lethality of germline knockout mice lacking the entire APP family has so far precluded the analysis of its physiological functions for the developing and adult brain. Here, we generated conditional APP/APLP1/APLP2 triple KO (cTKO) mice lacking the APP family in excitatory forebrain neurons from embryonic day 11.5 onwards. NexCre cTKO mice showed altered brain morphology with agenesis of the corpus callosum and disrupted hippocampal lamination. Further, NexCre cTKOs revealed reduced basal synaptic transmission and drastically reduced long-term potentiation that was associated with reduced dendritic length and reduced spine density of pyramidal cells. With regard to behavior, lack of the APP family leads not only to severe impairments in a panel of tests for learning and memory, but also to an autism-like phenotype including repetitive rearing and climbing, impaired social communication, and deficits in social interaction. Together, our study identifies essential functions of the APP family during development, for normal hippocampal function and circuits important for learning and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Steubler
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Susanne Erdinger
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Michaela K Back
- Institute of PathophysiologyFocus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN)University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Susann Ludewig
- Division of Cellular NeurobiologyZoological Institute, TU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration GroupBraunschweigGermany
| | - Dominique Fässler
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Max Richter
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Kang Han
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz Slomianka
- Institute of Anatomy and Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Institute of Anatomy and Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jakob von Engelhardt
- Institute of PathophysiologyFocus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN)University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - David P Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute of Human Movement SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular NeurobiologyZoological Institute, TU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration GroupBraunschweigGermany
| | - Ulrike C Müller
- Department of Functional GenomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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16
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Arora P, Andersen D, Moll JM, Danneskiold-Samsøe NB, Xu L, Zhou B, Kladis G, Rausch P, Workman CT, Kristiansen K, Brix S. Small Intestinal Tuft Cell Activity Associates With Energy Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obesity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:629391. [PMID: 34122403 PMCID: PMC8195285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the involvement of type 2 immune response-promoting intestinal tuft cells in metabolic regulation. We here examined the temporal changes in small intestinal tuft cell number and activity in response to high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice and investigated the relation to whole-body energy metabolism and the immune phenotype of the small intestine and epididymal white adipose tissue. Intake of high fat diet resulted in a reduction in overall numbers of small intestinal epithelial and tuft cells and reduced expression of the intestinal type 2 tuft cell markers Il25 and Tslp. Amongst >1,700 diet-regulated transcripts in tuft cells, we observed an early association between body mass expansion and increased expression of the gene encoding the serine protease inhibitor neuroserpin. By contrast, tuft cell expression of genes encoding gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-receptors was coupled to Tslp and Il25 and reduced body mass gain. Combined, our results point to a possible role for small intestinal tuft cells in energy metabolism via coupled regulation of tuft cell type 2 markers and GABA signaling receptors, while being independent of type 2 immune cell involvement. These results pave the way for further studies into interventions that elicit anti-obesogenic circuits via small intestinal tuft cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Arora
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Janne Marie Moll
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Georgios Kladis
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philipp Rausch
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher T. Workman
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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17
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Kement D, Reumann R, Schostak K, Voß H, Douceau S, Dottermusch M, Schweizer M, Schlüter H, Vivien D, Glatzel M, Galliciotti G. Neuroserpin Is Strongly Expressed in the Developing and Adult Mouse Neocortex but Its Absence Does Not Perturb Cortical Lamination and Synaptic Proteome. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:627896. [PMID: 33708076 PMCID: PMC7940840 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.627896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor that regulates the activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in the nervous system. Neuroserpin is strongly expressed during nervous system development as well as during adulthood, when it is predominantly found in regions eliciting synaptic plasticity. In the hippocampus, neuroserpin regulates developmental neurogenesis, synaptic maturation and in adult mice it modulates synaptic plasticity and controls cognitive and social behavior. High expression levels of neuroserpin in the neocortex starting from prenatal stage and persisting during adulthood suggest an important role for the serpin in the formation of this brain region and in the maintenance of cortical functions. In order to uncover neuroserpin function in the murine neocortex, in this work we performed a comprehensive investigation of its expression pattern during development and in the adulthood. Moreover, we assessed the role of neuroserpin in cortex formation by comparing cortical lamination and neuronal maturation between neuroserpin-deficient and control mice. Finally, we evaluated a possible regulatory role of neuroserpin at cortical synapses in neuroserpin-deficient mice. We observed that neuroserpin is expressed starting from the beginning of corticogenesis until adulthood throughout the neocortex in several classes of glutamatergic projection neurons and GABA-ergic interneurons. However, in the absence of neuroserpin we did not detect any alteration either in cortical layer formation, or in neuronal soma size and dendritic length. Furthermore, no significant quantitative changes were observed in the proteome of cortical synapses upon neuroserpin deficiency. We conclude that, although strongly expressed in the neocortex, absence of neuroserpin does not lead to gross developmental abnormalities, and does not perturb the composition of the cortical synaptic proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Kement
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Reumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Schostak
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Voß
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara Douceau
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Université Caen Normandie, INSERM U1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Matthias Dottermusch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denis Vivien
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Université Caen Normandie, INSERM U1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Caen, France
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Galliciotti
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Han S, Fei F, Sun S, Zhang D, Dong Q, Wang X, Wang L. Increased anxiety was found in serpini1 knockout zebrafish larval. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 534:1013-1019. [PMID: 33168193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serpini1, which encodes neuroserpin, has been implicated in the development and normal function of the nervous system. Mutations in serpini1 cause familial encephalopathy, a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized with neuroserpin inclusion bodies. However, function of neuroserpin in the nervous system is not fully understood. In this study, we generated a novel serpini1 mutant zebrafish model to investigate the loss of function of neuroserpin. Serpini1- deficient mutation was created with the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. No severe morphological characteristics were found in serpini1- deficient zebrafish. Serpini1-/- zebrafish larvae did not cause locomotor defects but displayed anxiety-like behavior. Extension of motoneurons axon defect was observed in serpini1-/- zebrafish. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that loss of serpini1 resulted in affected expression of neurodegeneration-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Han
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Fei
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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RAB39B-mediated trafficking of the GluA2-AMPAR subunit controls dendritic spine maturation and intellectual disability-related behaviour. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6531-6549. [PMID: 34035473 PMCID: PMC8760075 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the RAB39B gene cause X-linked intellectual disability (XLID), comorbid with autism spectrum disorders or early Parkinson's disease. One of the functions of the neuronal small GTPase RAB39B is to drive GluA2/GluA3 α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) maturation and trafficking, determining AMPAR subunit composition at glutamatergic postsynaptic neuronal terminals. Taking advantage of the Rab39b knockout murine model, we show that a lack of RAB39B affects neuronal dendritic spine refinement, prompting a more Ca2+-permeable and excitable synaptic network, which correlates with an immature spine arrangement and behavioural and cognitive alterations in adult mice. The persistence of immature circuits is triggered by increased hypermobility of the spine, which is restored by the Ca2+-permeable AMPAR antagonist NASPM. Together, these data confirm that RAB39B controls AMPAR trafficking, which in turn plays a pivotal role in neuronal dendritic spine remodelling and that targeting Ca2+-permeable AMPARs may highlight future pharmaceutical interventions for RAB39B-associated disease conditions.
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20
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Familiarization effects on the behavioral disinhibition of the cerebellar Lurcher mutant mice: use of the innovative Dual Maze. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:112972. [PMID: 33091448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety-related behaviors in mice are often assessed over short periods starting immediately after introducing the animals in a dedicated apparatus. In these usual conditions (5-10 min periods), the cerebellar Lurcher mutants showed disinhibited behaviors characterized by abnormally high exploration of the aversive areas in the elevated plus-maze test. We nevertheless observed that this disinhibition sharply weakened after 10 min. We therefore decided to further investigate the influence of the disinhibition on the intrinsic and anxiety-related exploratory behaviors in Lurcher mice, with a special focus on familiarization effects. To this end, we used an innovative apparatus, the Dual Maze, permitting to tune the familiarization level of animals to the experimental context before they are faced with more (open configuration of the device) or less (closed configuration of the device) aversive areas. Chlordiazepoxide administration in BALB/c mice in a preliminary experiment confirmed both the face and the predictive validity of our device as anxiety test and its ability to measure exploratory motivation. The results obtained with the Lurcher mice in the open configuration revealed that 20 min of familiarization to the experimental context abolished the behavioral abnormalities they exhibited when not familiarized with it. In addition, their exploratory motivation, as measured in the closed configuration, was comparable to that of their non-mutant littermates, whatever the level of familiarization applied. Exemplifying the interest of this innovative device, the results we obtained in the Lurcher mutants permitted to differentiate between the roles played by the cerebellum in exploratory motivation and stress-related behaviors.
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21
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Rho GTPases in the Amygdala-A Switch for Fears? Cells 2020; 9:cells9091972. [PMID: 32858950 PMCID: PMC7563696 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear is a fundamental evolutionary process for survival. However, excess or irrational fear hampers normal activity and leads to phobia. The amygdala is the primary brain region associated with fear learning and conditioning. There, Rho GTPases are molecular switches that act as signaling molecules for further downstream processes that modulate, among others, dendritic spine morphogenesis and thereby play a role in fear conditioning. The three main Rho GTPases—RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, together with their modulators, are known to be involved in many psychiatric disorders that affect the amygdala′s fear conditioning mechanism. Rich2, a RhoGAP mainly for Rac1 and Cdc42, has been studied extensively in such regard. Here, we will discuss these effectors, along with Rich2, as a molecular switch for fears, especially in the amygdala. Understanding the role of Rho GTPases in fear controlling could be beneficial for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting conditions with abnormal fear/anxiety-like behaviors.
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22
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Mehr A, Hick M, Ludewig S, Müller M, Herrmann U, von Engelhardt J, Wolfer DP, Korte M, Müller UC. Lack of APP and APLP2 in GABAergic Forebrain Neurons Impairs Synaptic Plasticity and Cognition. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4044-4063. [PMID: 32219307 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, yet its physiological functions remain incompletely understood. Previous studies had indicated important synaptic functions of APP and the closely related homologue APLP2 in excitatory forebrain neurons for spine density, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Here, we show that APP is also widely expressed in several interneuron subtypes, both in hippocampus and cortex. To address the functional role of APP in inhibitory neurons, we generated mice with a conditional APP/APLP2 double knockout (cDKO) in GABAergic forebrain neurons using DlxCre mice. These DlxCre cDKO mice exhibit cognitive deficits in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory tasks, as well as impairments in species-typic nesting and burrowing behaviors. Deficits at the behavioral level were associated with altered neuronal morphology and synaptic plasticity Long-Term Potentiation (LTP). Impaired basal synaptic transmission at the Schafer collateral/CA1 pathway, which was associated with altered compound excitatory/inhibitory synaptic currents and reduced action potential firing of CA1 pyramidal cells, points to a disrupted excitation/inhibition balance in DlxCre cDKOs. Together, these impairments may lead to hippocampal dysfunction. Collectively, our data reveal a crucial role of APP family proteins in inhibitory interneurons to maintain functional network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Mehr
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Hick
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susann Ludewig
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michaela Müller
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrike Herrmann
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jakob von Engelhardt
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - David P Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,AG Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike C Müller
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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23
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Hermann M, Reumann R, Schostak K, Kement D, Gelderblom M, Bernreuther C, Frischknecht R, Schipanski A, Marik S, Krasemann S, Sepulveda-Falla D, Schweizer M, Magnus T, Glatzel M, Galliciotti G. Deficits in developmental neurogenesis and dendritic spine maturation in mice lacking the serine protease inhibitor neuroserpin. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 102:103420. [PMID: 31805346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor of the nervous system required for normal synaptic plasticity and regulating cognitive, emotional and social behavior in mice. The high expression level of neuroserpin detected at late stages of nervous system formation in most regions of the brain points to a function in neurodevelopment. In order to evaluate the contribution of neuroserpin to brain development, we investigated developmental neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus of neuroserpin-deficient mice. Moreover, synaptic reorganization and composition of perineuronal net were studied during maturation and stabilization of hippocampal circuits. We showed that absence of neuroserpin results in early termination of neuronal precursor proliferation and premature neuronal differentiation in the first postnatal weeks. Additionally, at the end of the critical period neuroserpin-deficient mice had changed morphology of dendritic spines towards a more mature phenotype. This was accompanied by increased protein levels and reduced proteolytic cleavage of aggrecan, a perineuronal net core protein. These data suggest a role for neuroserpin in coordinating generation and maturation of the hippocampus, which is essential for establishment of an appropriate neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hermann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Reumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Schostak
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dilara Kement
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Department of Biology and Animal Physiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angela Schipanski
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergej Marik
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diego Sepulveda-Falla
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Galliciotti
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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24
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Akbergenov R, Duscha S, Fritz AK, Juskeviciene R, Oishi N, Schmitt K, Shcherbakov D, Teo Y, Boukari H, Freihofer P, Isnard-Petit P, Oettinghaus B, Frank S, Thiam K, Rehrauer H, Westhof E, Schacht J, Eckert A, Wolfer D, Böttger EC. Mutant MRPS5 affects mitoribosomal accuracy and confers stress-related behavioral alterations. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846193. [PMID: 30237157 PMCID: PMC6216279 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1555 A to G substitution in mitochondrial 12S A‐site rRNA is associated with maternally transmitted deafness of variable penetrance in the absence of otherwise overt disease. Here, we recapitulate the suggested A1555G‐mediated pathomechanism in an experimental model of mitoribosomal mistranslation by directed mutagenesis of mitoribosomal protein MRPS5. We first establish that the ratio of cysteine/methionine incorporation and read‐through of mtDNA‐encoded MT‐CO1 protein constitute reliable measures of mitoribosomal misreading. Next, we demonstrate that human HEK293 cells expressing mutant V336Y MRPS5 show increased mitoribosomal mistranslation. As for immortalized lymphocytes of individuals with the pathogenic A1555G mutation, we find little changes in the transcriptome of mutant V336Y MRPS5 HEK cells, except for a coordinated upregulation of transcripts for cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins. Homozygous knock‐in mutant Mrps5 V338Y mice show impaired mitochondrial function and a phenotype composed of enhanced susceptibility to noise‐induced hearing damage and anxiety‐related behavioral alterations. The experimental data in V338Y mutant mice point to a key role of mitochondrial translation and function in stress‐related behavioral and physiological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Akbergenov
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Duscha
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Kristina Fritz
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institut für Bewegungswissenschaften und Sport, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reda Juskeviciene
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen Schmitt
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Shcherbakov
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Youjin Teo
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Heithem Boukari
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Freihofer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Björn Oettinghaus
- Neuro- und Ophthalmopathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Neuro- und Ophthalmopathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zürich und Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Westhof
- Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jochen Schacht
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne Eckert
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Wolfer
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institut für Bewegungswissenschaften und Sport, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erik C Böttger
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Gupta P, Uner OE, Nayak S, Grant GR, Kalb RG. SAP97 regulates behavior and expression of schizophrenia risk enriched gene sets in mouse hippocampus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200477. [PMID: 29995933 PMCID: PMC6040763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapse associated protein of 97KDa (SAP97) belongs to a family of scaffolding proteins, the membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs), that are highly enriched in the postsynaptic density of synapses and play an important role in organizing protein complexes necessary for synaptic development and plasticity. The Dlg-MAGUK family of proteins are structurally very similar, and an effort has been made to parse apart the unique function of each Dlg-MAGUK protein by characterization of knockout mice. Knockout mice have been generated and characterized for PSD-95, PSD-93, and SAP102, however SAP97 knockout mice have been impossible to study because the SAP97 null mice die soon after birth due to a craniofacial defect. We studied the transcriptomic and behavioral consequences of a brain-specific conditional knockout of SAP97 (SAP97-cKO). RNA sequencing from hippocampi from control and SAP97-cKO male animals identified 67 SAP97 regulated transcripts. As large-scale genetic studies have implicated MAGUKs in neuropsychiatric disorders such as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and schizophrenia (SCZ), we analyzed our differentially expressed gene (DEG) set for enrichment of disease risk-associated genes, and found our DEG set to be specifically enriched for SCZ-related genes. Subjecting SAP97-cKO mice to a battery of behavioral tests revealed a subtle male-specific cognitive deficit and female-specific motor deficit, while other behaviors were largely unaffected. These data suggest that loss of SAP97 may have a modest contribution to organismal behavior. The SAP97-cKO mouse serves as a stepping stone for understanding the unique role of SAP97 in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetika Gupta
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ogul E. Uner
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Soumyashant Nayak
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gregory R. Grant
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Kalb
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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26
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Reumann R, Vierk R, Zhou L, Gries F, Kraus V, Mienert J, Romswinkel E, Morellini F, Ferrer I, Nicolini C, Fahnestock M, Rune G, Glatzel M, Galliciotti G. The serine protease inhibitor neuroserpin is required for normal synaptic plasticity and regulates learning and social behavior. Learn Mem 2017; 24:650-659. [PMID: 29142062 PMCID: PMC5688962 DOI: 10.1101/lm.045864.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The serine protease inhibitor neuroserpin regulates the activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in the nervous system. Neuroserpin expression is particularly prominent at late stages of neuronal development in most regions of the central nervous system (CNS), whereas it is restricted to regions related to learning and memory in the adult brain. The physiological expression pattern of neuroserpin, its high degree of colocalization with tPA within the CNS, together with its dysregulation in neuropsychiatric disorders, suggest a role in formation and refinement of synapses. In fact, studies in cell culture and mice point to a role for neuroserpin in dendritic branching, spine morphology, and modulation of behavior. In this study, we investigated the physiological role of neuroserpin in the regulation of synaptic density, synaptic plasticity, and behavior in neuroserpin-deficient mice. In the absence of neuroserpin, mice show a significant decrease in spine-synapse density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, while expression of the key postsynaptic scaffold protein PSD-95 is increased in this region. Neuroserpin-deficient mice show decreased synaptic potentiation, as indicated by reduced long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas presynaptic paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) is unaffected. Consistent with altered synaptic plasticity, neuroserpin-deficient mice exhibit cognitive and sociability deficits in behavioral assays. However, although synaptic dysfunction is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, we do not detect alterations in expression of neuroserpin in fusiform gyrus of autism patients or in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia patients. Our results identify neuroserpin as a modulator of synaptic plasticity, and point to a role for neuroserpin in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Reumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ricardo Vierk
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lepu Zhou
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederice Gries
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Kraus
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Mienert
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Romswinkel
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Morellini
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, CIBERNED, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Chiara Nicolini
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gabriele Rune
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Galliciotti
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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27
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Gupta V, Mirzaei M, Gupta VB, Chitranshi N, Dheer Y, Vander Wall R, Abbasi M, You Y, Chung R, Graham S. Glaucoma is associated with plasmin proteolytic activation mediated through oxidative inactivation of neuroserpin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8412. [PMID: 28827627 PMCID: PMC5566433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor that regulates the activity of plasmin and its activators in the neuronal tissues. This study provides novel evidence of regulatory effect of the neuroserpin on plasmin proteolytic activity in the retina in glaucoma. Human retinal and vitreous tissues from control and glaucoma subjects as well as retinas from experimental glaucoma rats were analysed to establish changes in plasmin and neuroserpin activity. Neuroserpin undergoes oxidative inactivation in glaucoma which leads to augmentation of plasmin activity. Neuroserpin contains several methionine residues in addition to a conserved reactive site methionine and our study revealed enhanced oxidation of Met residues in the serpin under glaucoma conditions. Met oxidation was associated with loss of neuroserpin inhibitory activity and similar findings were observed in the retinas of superoxide dismutase (SOD) mutant mice that have increased oxidative stress. Treatment of purified neuroserpin with H2O2 further established that Met oxidation inversely correlated with its plasmin inhibitory activity. Dysregulation of the plasmin proteolytic system associated with increased degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the retina. Collectively, these findings delineate a novel molecular basis of plasmin activation in glaucoma and potentially for other neuronal disorders with implications in disease associated ECM remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Veer Bala Gupta
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yogita Dheer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roshana Vander Wall
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mojdeh Abbasi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roger Chung
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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28
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Fritz AK, Amrein I, Wolfer DP. Similar reliability and equivalent performance of female and male mice in the open field and water-maze place navigation task. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 175:380-391. [PMID: 28654717 PMCID: PMC5638061 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although most nervous system diseases affect women and men differentially, most behavioral studies using mouse models do not include subjects of both sexes. Many researchers worry that data of female mice may be unreliable due to the estrous cycle. Here, we retrospectively evaluated sex effects on coefficient of variation (CV) in 5,311 mice which had performed the same place navigation protocol in the water‐maze and in 4,554 mice tested in the same open field arena. Confidence intervals for Cohen's d as measure of effect size were computed and tested for equivalence with 0.2 as equivalence margin. Despite the large sample size, only few behavioral parameters showed a significant sex effect on CV. Confidence intervals of effect size indicated that CV was either equivalent or showed a small sex difference at most, accounting for less than 2% of total group to group variation of CV. While female mice were potentially slightly more variable in water‐maze acquisition and in the open field, males tended to perform less reliably in the water‐maze probe trial. In addition to evaluating variability, we also directly compared mean performance of female and male mice and found them to be equivalent in both water‐maze place navigation and open field exploration. Our data confirm and extend other large scale studies in demonstrating that including female mice in experiments does not cause a relevant increase of data variability. Our results make a strong case for including mice of both sexes whenever open field or water‐maze are used in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristina Fritz
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David P Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Sarowar T, Grabrucker S, Boeckers TM, Grabrucker AM. Object Phobia and Altered RhoA Signaling in Amygdala of Mice Lacking RICH2. Front Mol Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28642683 PMCID: PMC5462907 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RICH2 knockout (RICH2 KO) mice exhibit neophobia in the novel object test. To gain further insight into their anxiety-related phenotype, we subjected these mice to additional behavioral tests to elucidate whether the behavioral abnormality in these mice is a consequence of reduced exploratory motivation, and whether the neophobia is linked specifically to objects or also present for other modalities. RICH2 KO mice engage in normal exploration in a novel environment, suggesting that the anxiety-related phenotype is not due to reduced exploratory drive. Increased fear response was not observed using novel olfactory cues, but restricted to objects. Given that the amygdala is an important brain region mediating anxiety-related behaviors and a prime target for anxiety-related therapeutics, and RICH2 is a Rho-GTPase activating protein (GAP) regulating synaptic spine plasticity via small GTPases, we analyzed spine formation, morphology and receptor composition in amygdala. We found disinhibition of RhoA in the amygdala of RICH2 KO mice, along with a decreased ability for actin polymerization and a reduction in mature spines. However, we detected increased neuronal activation in the amygdala evidenced by c-fos labeling. Thus, we conclude that despite unaltered baseline activity, RICH2 KO mice show heightened amygdala response after exposure to objects, which, however, does not result in homeostatic strengthening of excitatory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnuva Sarowar
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas M Grabrucker
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of LimerickLimerick, Ireland.,Bernal Institute, University of LimerickLimerick, Ireland
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30
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Saaristo M, Wong BBM, Mincarelli L, Craig A, Johnstone CP, Allinson M, Lindström K, Craft JA. Characterisation of the transcriptome of male and female wild-type guppy brains with RNA-Seq and consequences of exposure to the pharmaceutical pollutant, 17α-ethinyl estradiol. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:28-39. [PMID: 28246045 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Waterways are increasingly being contaminated by chemical compounds that can disrupt the endocrinology of organisms. One such compound is 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen used in the contraceptive pill. Despite considerable research interest in the effects of EE2 on reproduction and gene expression, surprisingly, only a few studies have capitalised on technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), to uncover the molecular pathways related to EE2 exposure. Accordingly, using high-throughput sequencing technologies, the aim of our study was to explore the effects of EE2 on brain transcriptome in wild-type male and female guppy (Poecilia reticulata). We conducted two sets of experiments, where fish were exposed to EE2 (measured concentrations: 8ng/L and 38ng/L) in a flow-through system for 21days. The effects on the brain transcriptome on both males and females were assessed using Illumina sequencing (MiSeq and HiSeq) platform followed by bioinformatics analysis (edgeR, DESeq2). Here, we report that exposure to EE2 caused both up- and downregulation of specific transcript abundances, and affected transcript abundance in a sex-specific manner. Specifically, we found 773 transcripts, of which 60 were male-specific, 61 female-specific and 285 treatment-specific. EE2 affected expression of 165 transcripts in males, with 88 downregulated and 77 upregulated, while in females, 120 transcripts were affected with 62 downregulated and 58 upregulated. Finally, RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that expression of transcripts related to transposable elements, neuroserpin and heat shock protein were significantly affected by EE2-exposure. Our study is the first to report brain transcriptome libraries for guppies exposed to EE2. Not only does our study provide a valuable resource, it offers insights into the mechanisms underlying the feminizing effects on the brains of organisms exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of EE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Saaristo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Victoria, Australia; Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Mincarelli
- Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Allison Craig
- Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | | | - Mayumi Allinson
- Victorian Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Kai Lindström
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - John A Craft
- Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
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31
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Nyman C, Fischer S, Aubin-Horth N, Taborsky B. Effect of the early social environment on behavioural and genomic responses to a social challenge in a cooperatively breeding vertebrate. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:3186-3203. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nyman
- Division of Behavioural Ecology; Institute for Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Wohlenstrasse 50A CH-3032 Hinterkappelen Switzerland
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Leahurst Campus Chester High Road Neston CH64 7TE UK
| | - Nadia Aubin-Horth
- Département de Biologie et Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; Université Laval; Quebec Canada G1V OA6
| | - Barbara Taborsky
- Division of Behavioural Ecology; Institute for Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Wohlenstrasse 50A CH-3032 Hinterkappelen Switzerland
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Idell RD, Florova G, Komissarov AA, Shetty S, Girard RBS, Idell S. The fibrinolytic system: A new target for treatment of depression with psychedelics. Med Hypotheses 2017; 100:46-53. [PMID: 28236848 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Current understanding of the neurobiology of depression has grown over the past few years beyond the traditional monoamine theory of depression to include chronic stress, inflammation and disrupted synaptic plasticity. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a key factor that not only promotes fibrinolysis via the activation of plasminogen, but also contributes to regulation of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis through plasmin-mediated activation of a probrain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to mature BDNF. ProBDNF activation could potentially be supressed by competition with fibrin for plasmin and tPA. High affinity binding of plasmin and tPA to fibrin could result in a decrease of proBDNF activation during brain inflammation leading to fibrosis further perpetuating depressed mood. There is a paucity of data explaining the possible role of the fibrinolytic system or aberrant extravascular fibrin deposition in depression. We propose that within the brain, an imbalance between tPA and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and neuroserpin favors the inhibitors, resulting in changes in neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation that result in depressive behavior. Our hypothesis is that peripheral inflammation mediates neuroinflammation, and that cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) can inhibit the fibrinolytic system by up- regulating PAI-1 and potentially neuroserpin. We propose that the decrement of the activity of tPA and uPA occurs with downregulation of uPA in part involving the binding and clearance from the surface of neural cells of uPA/PAI-1 complexes by the urokinase receptor uPAR. We infer that current antidepressants and ketamine mitigate depressive symptoms by restoring the balance of the fibrinolytic system with increased activity of tPA and uPA with down-regulated intracerebral expression of their inhibitors. We lastly hypothesize that psychedelic 5-ht2a receptor agonists, such as psilocybin, can improve mood through anti- inflammatory and pro-fibrinolytic effects that include blockade of TNF-α activity leading to decreased PAI-1 activity and increased clearance. The process involves disinhibition of tPA and uPA with subsequent increased cleavage of proBDNF which promotes neurogenesis, decreased neuroinflammation, decreased fibrin deposition, normalized glial-neuronal cross-talk, and optimally functioning neuro-circuits involved in mood. We propose that psilocybin can alleviate deleterious changes in the brain caused by chronic stress leading to restoration of homeostatic brain fibrinolytic capacity leading to euthymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Idell
- Department of Behavioral Health, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US HWY 271, Tyler, TX 75708, United States.
| | - G Florova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US HWY 271, Tyler, TX 75708, United States
| | - A A Komissarov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US HWY 271, Tyler, TX 75708, United States
| | - S Shetty
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US HWY 271, Tyler, TX 75708, United States
| | - R B S Girard
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US HWY 271, Tyler, TX 75708, United States
| | - S Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US HWY 271, Tyler, TX 75708, United States
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Lee TW, Tsang VWK, Loef EJ, Birch NP. Physiological and pathological functions of neuroserpin: Regulation of cellular responses through multiple mechanisms. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 62:152-159. [PMID: 27639894 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is 27 years since neuroserpin was first discovered in the nervous system and identified as a member of the serpin superfamily. Since that time potential roles for this serine protease inhibitor have been identified in neuronal and non-neuronal systems. Many are linked to inhibition of neuroserpin's principal enzyme target, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), although some have been suggested to involve alternate non-inhibitory mechanisms. This review focuses mainly on the inhibitory roles of neuroserpin and discusses the evidence supporting tPA as the physiological target. While the major sites of neuroserpin expression are neural, endocrine and immune tissues, most progress on characterizing functional roles for neuroserpin have been in the brain. Roles in emotional behaviour, synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection in stroke and excitotoxicity models are discussed. Current knowledge on three neurological diseases associated with neuroserpin mutation or activity, Familial Encephalopathy with Neuroserpin Inclusion Bodies (FENIB), Alzheimer's disease and brain metastasis is presented. Finally, we consider mechanistic studies that have revealed a distinct inhibitory mechanism for neuroserpin and its possible implications for neuroserpin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tet Woo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Vicky W K Tsang
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Evert Jan Loef
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P Birch
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Cheng Y, Loh YP, Birch NP. Neuroserpin Attenuates H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Hippocampal Neurons via AKT and BCL-2 Signaling Pathways. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:123-131. [PMID: 27510267 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in neuronal injury and is associated with various neurological diseases. Here, we explored the potential protective effect of neuroserpin against oxidative stress in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Our results show that neuroserpin inhibits H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal cultures as measured by WST, LDH release, and TUNEL assays. We found that neuroserpin enhanced the activation of AKT in cultures subjected to oxidative stress and that the AKT inhibitor Ly294002 blocked this neuroprotective effect. Neuroserpin increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 and blocked the activation of caspase-3. Neuroserpin did not increase the level of neuroprotection over levels seen in neurons transduced with a BCL-2 expression vector, and an inhibitor of Trk receptors, K252a, did not block neuroserpin's effect. Taken together, our study demonstrates that neuroserpin protects against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction and death of primary cultured hippocampal neurons through the AKT-BCL-2 signaling pathway through a mechanism that does not involve the Trk receptors and leads to inhibition of caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Y Peng Loh
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nigel P Birch
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research and Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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The APP Intracellular Domain Is Required for Normal Synaptic Morphology, Synaptic Plasticity, and Hippocampus-Dependent Behavior. J Neurosci 2016; 35:16018-33. [PMID: 26658856 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2009-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The amyloid precursor protein family (APP/APLPs) has essential roles for neuromuscular synapse development and for the formation and plasticity of synapses within the CNS. Despite this, it has remained unclear whether APP mediates its functions primarily as a cell surface adhesion and signaling molecule or via its numerous proteolytic cleavage products. To address these questions, we followed a genetic approach and used APPΔCT15 knockin mice lacking the last 15 amino acids of APP, including the highly conserved YENPTY protein interaction motif. To circumvent functional compensation by the closely related APLP2, these mice were bred to an APLP2-KO background to generate APPΔCT15-DM double mutants. These APPΔCT15-DM mice were partially viable and displayed defects in neuromuscular synapse morphology and function with impairments in the ability to sustain transmitter release that resulted in muscular weakness. In the CNS, we demonstrate pronounced synaptic deficits including impairments in LTP that were associated with deficits in spatial learning and memory. Thus, the APP-CT15 domain provides essential physiological functions, likely via recruitment of specific interactors. Together with the well-established role of APPsα for synaptic plasticity, this shows that multiple domains of APP, including the conserved C-terminus, mediate signals required for normal PNS and CNS physiology. In addition, we demonstrate that lack of the APP-CT15 domain strongly impairs Aβ generation in vivo, establishing the APP C-terminus as a target for Aβ-lowering strategies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline are early hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, it is essential to elucidate the in vivo function(s) of APP at the synapse. At present, it is unknown whether APP family proteins function as cell surface receptors, or mainly via shedding of their secreted ectodomains, such as neurotrophic APPsα. Here, to dissect APP functional domains, we used APP mutant mice lacking the last 15 amino acids that were crossed onto an APLP2-KO background. These APPΔCT15-DM mice showed defects in neuromuscular morphology and function. Synaptic deficits in the CNS included impairments of synaptic plasticity, spatial learning, and memory. Collectively, this indicates that multiple APP domains, including the C-terminus, are required for normal nervous system function.
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Sarowar T, Grabrucker S, Föhr K, Mangus K, Eckert M, Bockmann J, Boeckers TM, Grabrucker AM. Enlarged dendritic spines and pronounced neophobia in mice lacking the PSD protein RICH2. Mol Brain 2016; 9:28. [PMID: 26969129 PMCID: PMC4788860 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of neurons within the central nervous system receive their excitatory inputs via small, actin-rich protrusions called dendritic spines. Spines can undergo rapid morphological alterations according to synaptic activity. This mechanism is implicated in learning and memory formation as it is ultimately altering the number and distribution of receptors and proteins at the post-synaptic membrane, thereby regulating synaptic input. The Rho-family GTPases play an important role in regulating this spine plasticity by the interaction with cytoskeletal components and several signaling pathways within the spine compartment. Rho-GAP interacting CIP4 homologue2/RICH2 is a Rho-GAP protein regulating small GTPases and was identified as an interaction partner of the scaffolding protein SHANK3 at post-synaptic densities. Results Here, we characterize the loss of RICH2 in a novel mouse model. Our results show that RICH2 KO animals display a selective and highly significant fear of novel objects and increased stereotypic behavior as well as impairment of motor learning. We found an increase in multiple spine synapses in the hippocampus and cerebellum along with alterations in receptor composition and actin polymerization. Furthermore, we observed that the loss of RICH2 leads to a disinhibition of synaptic RAC1 in vivo. Conclusions The results are in line with the reported role of RAC1 activity being essential for activity-dependent spine enlargement. Since SHANK3 mutations are known to be causative for neuropsychiatric diseases of the Autism Spectrum (ASD), a disintegrated SHANK3/RICH2 complex at synaptic sites might at least in part be responsible for abnormal spine formation and plasticity in ASDs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-016-0206-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnuva Sarowar
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Department, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Grabrucker
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl Föhr
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Mangus
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Department, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matti Eckert
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Department, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Juergen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Andreas M Grabrucker
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Department, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany. .,Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Saga G, Sessa F, Barbiroli A, Santambrogio C, Russo R, Sala M, Raccosta S, Martorana V, Caccia S, Noto R, Moriconi C, Miranda E, Grandori R, Manno M, Bolognesi M, Ricagno S. Embelin binds to human neuroserpin and impairs its polymerisation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18769. [PMID: 26732982 PMCID: PMC4702122 DOI: 10.1038/srep18769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroserpin (NS) is a serpin inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the brain. The polymerisation of NS pathologic mutants is responsible for a genetic dementia known as familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB). So far, a pharmacological treatment of FENIB, i.e. an inhibitor of NS polymerisation, remains an unmet challenge. Here, we present a biophysical characterisation of the effects caused by embelin (EMB a small natural compound) on NS conformers and NS polymerisation. EMB destabilises all known NS conformers, specifically binding to NS molecules with a 1:1 NS:EMB molar ratio without unfolding the NS fold. In particular, NS polymers disaggregate in the presence of EMB, and their formation is prevented. The NS/EMB complex does not inhibit tPA proteolytic activity. Both effects are pharmacologically relevant: firstly by inhibiting the NS polymerisation associated to FENIB, and secondly by potentially antagonizing metastatic processes facilitated by NS activity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Saga
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze and CIMAINA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Sessa
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze and CIMAINA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l′Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Russo
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di MilanoItaly
| | - Michela Sala
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Istituto di Biofisica, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Martorana
- Istituto di Biofisica, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Caccia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosina Noto
- Istituto di Biofisica, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Moriconi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, and Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Miranda
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, and Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Grandori
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Manno
- Istituto di Biofisica, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze and CIMAINA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Biofisica, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze and CIMAINA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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38
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Hébert M, Lesept F, Vivien D, Macrez R. The story of an exceptional serine protease, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Rev Neurol (Paris) 2015; 172:186-97. [PMID: 26626577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The only acute treatment of ischemic stroke approved by the health authorities is tissue recombinant plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced thrombolysis. Under physiological conditions, tPA, belonging to the serine protease family, is secreted by endothelial and brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes). Although revascularisation induced by tPA is beneficial during a stroke, research over the past 20 years shows that tPA can also be deleterious for the brain parenchyma. Thus, in this review of the literature, after a brief history on the discovery of tPA, we reviewed current knowledge of mechanisms by which tPA can influence brain function in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hébert
- Inserm, UMR-S U919 serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - F Lesept
- Inserm, UMR-S U919 serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Vivien
- Inserm, UMR-S U919 serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - R Macrez
- Inserm, UMR-S U919 serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit, 14000 Caen, France.
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39
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van Dijk RM, Lazic SE, Slomianka L, Wolfer DP, Amrein I. Large-scale phenotyping links adult hippocampal neurogenesis to the reaction to novelty. Hippocampus 2015; 26:646-57. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Maarten van Dijk
- Institute of Anatomy; University of Zürich; Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and ETH Zurich; Zürich Switzerland
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport; Department of Health Sciences and Technology; ETH Zurich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Stanley E. Lazic
- In Silico Lead Discovery, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | | | - David P. Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy; University of Zürich; Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and ETH Zurich; Zürich Switzerland
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport; Department of Health Sciences and Technology; ETH Zurich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Institute of Anatomy; University of Zürich; Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and ETH Zurich; Zürich Switzerland
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40
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Pennucci R, Talpo F, Astro V, Montinaro V, Morè L, Cursi M, Castoldi V, Chiaretti S, Bianchi V, Marenna S, Cambiaghi M, Tonoli D, Leocani L, Biella G, D'Adamo P, de Curtis I. Loss of Either Rac1 or Rac3 GTPase Differentially Affects the Behavior of Mutant Mice and the Development of Functional GABAergic Networks. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:873-890. [PMID: 26582364 PMCID: PMC4712809 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rac GTPases regulate the development of cortical/hippocampal GABAergic interneurons by affecting the early development and migration of GABAergic precursors. We have addressed the function of Rac1 and Rac3 proteins during the late maturation of hippocampal interneurons. We observed specific phenotypic differences between conditional Rac1 and full Rac3 knockout mice. Rac1 deletion caused greater generalized hyperactivity and cognitive impairment compared with Rac3 deletion. This phenotype matched with a more evident functional impairment of the inhibitory circuits in Rac1 mutants, showing higher excitability and reduced spontaneous inhibitory currents in the CA hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Morphological analysis confirmed a differential modification of the inhibitory circuits: deletion of either Rac caused a similar reduction of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory terminals in the pyramidal layer. Intriguingly, cannabinoid receptor-1-positive terminals were strongly increased only in the CA1 of Rac1-depleted mice. This increase may underlie the stronger electrophysiological defects in this mutant. Accordingly, incubation with an antagonist for cannabinoid receptors partially rescued the reduction of spontaneous inhibitory currents in the pyramidal cells of Rac1 mutants. Our results show that Rac1 and Rac3 have independent roles in the formation of GABAergic circuits, as highlighted by the differential effects of their deletion on the late maturation of specific populations of interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Morè
- Molecular Genetics of Mental Retardation Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Cursi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele University, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Valerio Castoldi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele University, Milano 20132, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Bianchi
- Molecular Genetics of Mental Retardation Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Marenna
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele University, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Marco Cambiaghi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele University, Milano 20132, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Leocani
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele University, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Adamo
- Molecular Genetics of Mental Retardation Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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Lee TW, Tsang VWK, Birch NP. Physiological and pathological roles of tissue plasminogen activator and its inhibitor neuroserpin in the nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:396. [PMID: 26528129 PMCID: PMC4602146 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although its roles in the vascular space are most well-known, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is widely expressed in the developing and adult nervous system, where its activity is believed to be regulated by neuroserpin, a predominantly brain-specific member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors. In the normal physiological state, tPA has been shown to play roles in the development and plasticity of the nervous system. Ischemic damage, however, may lead to excess tPA activity in the brain and this is believed to contribute to neurodegeneration. In this article, we briefly review the physiological and pathological roles of tPA in the nervous system, which includes neuronal migration, axonal growth, synaptic plasticity, neuroprotection and neurodegeneration, as well as a contribution to neurological disease. We summarize tPA's multiple mechanisms of action and also highlight the contributions of the inhibitor neuroserpin to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tet Woo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vicky W K Tsang
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P Birch
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand ; Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa Auckland, New Zealand
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42
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Yepes M. Tissue-type plasminogen activator is a neuroprotectant in the central nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:304. [PMID: 26347605 PMCID: PMC4538299 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine proteinase found not only in the intravascular space but also in a well-defined sub-set of neurons in the brain. tPA is rapidly released from neurons after either exposure to hypoxia or hypoglycemia in vitro, or the induction of cerebral ischemia in vivo. It has been proposed that tPA has a neurotoxic effect in the ischemic brain. However, recent evidence indicate that once released into the synaptic cleft tPA activates specific cell signaling pathways that promote the detection and adaptation to metabolic stress. More specifically, the non-proteolytic interaction of tPA with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family in dendritic spines activates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway that adapts cellular processes to the availability of energy and metabolic resources. TPA-induced mTOR activation in neurons leads to hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) accumulation, HIF-1α-induced expression and membrane recruitment of the neuronal transporter of glucose GLUT3, and GLUT3-mediated uptake of glucose. These and other data discussed in this Review suggest that the postulated neurotoxic effect of tPA needs to be reconsidered and instead indicate the emergence of a new paradigm: that tPA is an endogenous neuroprotectant in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Yepes
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Atlanta, GA, USA
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Schweinfurth N, Lang UE. Behavioral Testing of Mice Concerning Anxiety and Depression. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. In the development of new psychiatric drugs and the exploration of their efficacy, behavioral testing in mice has always shown to be an inevitable procedure. By studying the behavior of mice, diverse pathophysiological processes leading to depression, anxiety, and sickness behavior have been revealed. Moreover, laboratory research in animals increased at least the knowledge about the involvement of a multitude of genes in anxiety and depression. However, multiple new possibilities to study human behavior have been developed recently and improved and enable a direct acquisition of human epigenetic, imaging, and neurotransmission data on psychiatric pathologies. In human beings, the high influence of environmental and resilience factors gained scientific importance during the last years as the search for key genes in the development of affective and anxiety disorders has not been successful. However, environmental influences in human beings themselves might be better understood and controllable than in mice, where environmental influences might be as complex and subtle. The increasing possibilities in clinical research and the knowledge about the complexity of environmental influences and interferences in animal trials, which had been underestimated yet, question more and more to what extent findings from laboratory animal research translate to human conditions. However, new developments in behavioral testing of mice involve the animals’ welfare and show that housing conditions of laboratory mice can be markedly improved without affecting the standardization of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schweinfurth
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Basel (UPK), Switzerland
| | - Undine E. Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Basel (UPK), Switzerland
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Caccia S, Ricagno S, Bolognesi M. Molecular bases of neuroserpin function and pathology. Biomol Concepts 2015; 1:117-30. [PMID: 25961991 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2010.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Serpins build a large and evolutionary widespread protein superfamily, hosting members that are mainly Ser-protease inhibitors. Typically, serpins display a conserved core domain composed of three main β-sheets and 9-10 α-helices, for a total of approximately 350 amino acids. Neuroserpin (NS) is mostly expressed in neurons and in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it targets tissue-type plasminogen activator. NS activity is relevant for axogenesis, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Five (single amino acid) NS mutations are associated with severe neurodegenerative disease in man, leading to early onset dementia, epilepsy and neuronal death. The functional aspects of NS protease inhibition are linked to the presence of a long exposed loop (reactive center loop, RCL) that acts as bait for the incoming partner protease. Large NS conformational changes, associated with the cleavage of the RCL, trap the protease in an acyl-enzyme complex. Contrary to other serpins, this complex has a half-life of approximately 10 min. Conformational flexibility is held to be at the bases of NS polymerization leading to Collins bodies intracellular deposition and neuronal damage in the pathological NS variants. Two main general mechanisms of serpin polymerization are currently discussed. Both models require the swapping of the RCL among neighboring serpin molecules. Specific differences in the size of swapped regions, as well as differences in the folding stage at which polymerization can occur, distinguish the two models. The results provided by recent crystallographic and biophysical studies allow rationalization of the functional and pathological roles played by NS based on the analysis of four three-dimensional structures.
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Lorenz N, Loef EJ, Verdon DJ, Chen CJJ, Mansell CJ, Angel CE, Brooks AES, Dunbar PR, Birch NP. Human T cell activation induces synaptic translocation and alters expression of the serine protease inhibitor neuroserpin and its target protease. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:699-710. [PMID: 25670787 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0814-392r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact between T cells and APCs and activation of an effective immune response trigger cellular polarization and the formation of a structured interface known as the immunological synapse. Interactions across the synapse and secretion of T cell and APC-derived factors into the perisynaptic compartment regulate synapse formation and activation of T cells. We report that the serine protease inhibitor neuroserpin, an axonally secreted protein thought to play roles in the formation of the neuronal synapse and refinement of synaptic activity, is expressed in human naïve effector memory and central memory subsets of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, as well as monocytes, B cells, and NK cells. Neuroserpin partially colocalized with a TGN38/LFA-1-positive vesicle population in T cells and translocates to the immunological synapse upon activation with TCR antibodies or antigen-pulsed APCs. Activation of T cells triggered neuroserpin secretion, a rapid, 8.4-fold up-regulation of the serine protease tissue plasminogen activator, the protease target for neuroserpin, and a delayed, 6.25-fold down-regulation of neuroserpin expression. Evidence of polarization and regulated neuroserpin expression was also seen in ex vivo analyses of human lymph nodes and blood-derived T cells. Increased neuroserpin expression was seen in clusters of T cells in the paracortex of human lymph nodes, with some showing polarization to areas of cell:cell interaction. Our results support a role for neuroserpin and tissue plasminogen activator in activation-controlled proteolytic cleavage of proteins in the synaptic or perisynaptic space to modulate immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Lorenz
- *School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Centre for Brain Research, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Evert Jan Loef
- *School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Centre for Brain Research, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel J Verdon
- *School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Centre for Brain Research, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chun-Jen J Chen
- *School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Centre for Brain Research, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Claudia J Mansell
- *School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Centre for Brain Research, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catherine E Angel
- *School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Centre for Brain Research, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna E S Brooks
- *School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Centre for Brain Research, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- *School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Centre for Brain Research, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P Birch
- *School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Centre for Brain Research, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Ma J, Tong Y, Yu D, Mao M. Tissue plasminogen activator-independent roles of neuroserpin in the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:146-51. [PMID: 25767491 PMCID: PMC4354132 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have confirmed the existence of tissue-type plasminogen activator-independent roles of neuroserpin, a member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily. In this review article, we aim to clarify this role. These unique roles of neuroserpin are involved in its neuroprotective effect during ischemic brain injury, its regulation of tumorigenesis, and the mediation of emotion and cognition through the inhibition of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and fibrinolysin, modification of Th cells, reducing plaque formation, promoting process growth and intracellular adhesion, and altering the expression of cadherin and nuclear factor kappa B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China ; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China ; Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institutes for Woman and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China ; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China ; Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institutes for Woman and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China ; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China ; Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institutes for Woman and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Meng Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China ; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China ; Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institutes for Woman and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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47
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Wöhr M, Orduz D, Gregory P, Moreno H, Khan U, Vörckel KJ, Wolfer DP, Welzl H, Gall D, Schiffmann SN, Schwaller B. Lack of parvalbumin in mice leads to behavioral deficits relevant to all human autism core symptoms and related neural morphofunctional abnormalities. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e525. [PMID: 25756808 PMCID: PMC4354349 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene mutations and gene copy number variants are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Affected gene products are often part of signaling networks implicated in synapse formation and/or function leading to alterations in the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. Although the network of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons has gained particular attention in ASD, little is known on PV's putative role with respect to ASD. Genetic mouse models represent powerful translational tools for studying the role of genetic and neurobiological factors underlying ASD. Here, we report that PV knockout mice (PV(-/-)) display behavioral phenotypes with relevance to all three core symptoms present in human ASD patients: abnormal reciprocal social interactions, impairments in communication and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior. PV-depleted mice also showed several signs of ASD-associated comorbidities, such as reduced pain sensitivity and startle responses yet increased seizure susceptibility, whereas no evidence for behavioral phenotypes with relevance to anxiety, depression and schizophrenia was obtained. Reduced social interactions and communication were also observed in heterozygous (PV(+/-)) mice characterized by lower PV expression levels, indicating that merely a decrease in PV levels might be sufficient to elicit core ASD-like deficits. Structural magnetic resonance imaging measurements in PV(-/-) and PV(+/-) mice further revealed ASD-associated developmental neuroanatomical changes, including transient cortical hypertrophy and cerebellar hypoplasia. Electrophysiological experiments finally demonstrated that the E/I balance in these mice is altered by modification of both inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission. On the basis of the reported changes in PV expression patterns in several, mostly genetic rodent models of ASD, we propose that in these models downregulation of PV might represent one of the points of convergence, thus providing a common link between apparently unrelated ASD-associated synapse structure/function phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wöhr
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - D Orduz
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Gregory
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - H Moreno
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, The Robert F Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - U Khan
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, The Robert F Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - K J Vörckel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - D P Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zürich, D-HEST, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H Welzl
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Gall
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - S N Schiffmann
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Schwaller
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, Fribourg CH 1700, Switzerland. E-mail:
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de Ceglia R, Chaabane L, Biffi E, Bergamaschi A, Ferrigno G, Amadio S, Del Carro U, Mazzocchi N, Comi G, Bianchi V, Taverna S, Forti L, D'Adamo P, Martino G, Menegon A, Muzio L. Down-sizing of neuronal network activity and density of presynaptic terminals by pathological acidosis are efficiently prevented by Diminazene Aceturate. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 45:263-76. [PMID: 25499583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Local acidosis is associated with neuro-inflammation and can have significant effects in several neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, brain ischemia, spinal cord injury and epilepsy. Despite local acidosis has been implicated in numerous pathological functions, very little is known about the modulatory effects of pathological acidosis on the activity of neuronal networks and on synaptic structural properties. Using non-invasive MRI spectroscopy we revealed protracted extracellular acidosis in the CNS of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) affected mice. By multi-unit recording in cortical neurons, we established that acidosis affects network activity, down-sizing firing and bursting behaviors as well as amplitudes. Furthermore, a protracted acidosis reduced the number of presynaptic terminals, while it did not affect the postsynaptic compartment. Application of the diarylamidine Diminazene Aceturate (DA) during acidosis significantly reverted both the loss of neuronal firing and bursting and the reduction of presynaptic terminals. Finally, in vivo DA delivery ameliorated the clinical disease course of EAE mice, reducing demyelination and axonal damage. DA is known to block acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), which are proton-gated, voltage-insensitive, Na(+) permeable channels principally expressed by peripheral and central nervous system neurons. Our data suggest that ASICs activation during acidosis modulates network electrical activity and exacerbates neuro-degeneration in EAE mice. Therefore pharmacological modulation of ASICs in neuroinflammatory diseases could represent a new promising strategy for future therapies aimed at neuro-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta de Ceglia
- Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy
| | - Linda Chaabane
- Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy; Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Biffi
- Neuroengineering and Medical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Bergamaschi
- Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ferrigno
- Neuroengineering and Medical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Amadio
- Neurophysiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Del Carro
- Neurophysiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Mazzocchi
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy Bio-Imaging Centre, Experimental Imaging Centre, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Bianchi
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Taverna
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lia Forti
- Center for Neuroscience and Dept. of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Biomedical Division, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Adamo
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy.
| | - Andrea Menegon
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy Bio-Imaging Centre, Experimental Imaging Centre, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Muzio
- Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy.
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49
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Matsumoto J, Uehara T, Urakawa S, Takamura Y, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki M, Ono T, Nishijo H. 3D video analysis of the novel object recognition test in rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 272:16-24. [PMID: 24991752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The novel object recognition (NOR) test has been widely used to test memory function. We developed a 3D computerized video analysis system that estimates nose contact with an object in Long Evans rats to analyze object exploration during NOR tests. The results indicate that the 3D system reproducibly and accurately scores the NOR test. Furthermore, the 3D system captures a 3D trajectory of the nose during object exploration, enabling detailed analyses of spatiotemporal patterns of object exploration. The 3D trajectory analysis revealed a specific pattern of object exploration in the sample phase of the NOR test: normal rats first explored the lower parts of objects and then gradually explored the upper parts. A systematic injection of MK-801 suppressed changes in these exploration patterns. The results, along with those of previous studies, suggest that the changes in the exploration patterns reflect neophobia to a novel object and/or changes from spatial learning to object learning. These results demonstrate that the 3D tracking system is useful not only for detailed scoring of animal behaviors but also for investigation of characteristic spatiotemporal patterns of object exploration. The system has the potential to facilitate future investigation of neural mechanisms underlying object exploration that result from dynamic and complex brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ucninada-cho, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Urakawa
- System Emotional Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takamura
- System Emotional Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Clinical Research Promotion, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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50
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Wong RY, Cummings ME. Expression Patterns of Neuroligin-3 and Tyrosine Hydroxylase across the Brain in Mate Choice Contexts in Female Swordtails. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2014; 83:231-43. [DOI: 10.1159/000360071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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