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Citarová A, Mojžišová J, Petroušková P, Pelegrinová A, Kostičák M, Korytár L, Prokeš M, Vojtek B, Ondrejková A, Drážovská M. Investigation of canine parvovirus occurrence in cats with clinical signs of feline panleukopenia in Slovakia - pilot study. J Vet Res 2024; 68:199-205. [PMID: 38947159 PMCID: PMC11210359 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feline panleukopenia is a contagious viral disease caused by the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). A closely related pathogen is canine parvovirus (CPV), and amino acid substitutions in this virus allow it to acquire a feline host range. In feline hosts, the disease induced by CPV manifests with similar symptoms to those caused by FPV or milder ones, leading to its underdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of CPV type 2 (CPV-2) in cats with clinical symptoms of panleukopenia and to assess the use of commercial CPV antigen tests for the clinical diagnosis of FPV. Material and Methods Samples from 59 cats from central Slovakia were included in the study. Rectal swabs were collected and clinically tested for parvovirus infection using a commercial antigen test. Antigen-positive samples were confirmed by PCR targeting the viral VP2 gene. The sequences of the PCR products were established with the Sanger method. Results Of 59 samples, 23 were revealed to be positive for parvovirus infection by both antigen and PCR test (38.9%). Analysis with the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLASTn application showed 99.78-100% pairwise identity with FPV. The mortality rate of parvovirus-infected cats included in this study was 8.69% (2/23). Conclusion Although feline disease with CPV-2 was not confirmed, the CPV antigen test was able to detect FPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Citarová
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Mojžišová
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrícia Petroušková
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Pelegrinová
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Maroš Kostičák
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - L’uboš Korytár
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Marián Prokeš
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Boris Vojtek
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Ondrejková
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Drážovská
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
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Su X, Zhou H, Xu F, Zhang J, Xiao B, Qi Q, Lin L, Yang B. Chaperonin TRiC/CCT subunit CCT7 is involved in the replication of canine parvovirus in F81 cells. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1346894. [PMID: 38384266 PMCID: PMC10879588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1346894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is one of the most common lethal viruses in canines. The virus disease is prevalent throughout the year, with high morbidity and mortality rate, causing serious harm to dogs and the dog industry. Previously, yeast two hybrid method was used to screen the protein chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT7) that interacts with VP2. However, the mechanism of interactions between CCT7 and VP2 on CPV replication remains unclear. In this study, we first verified the interaction between CCT7 and viral VP2 proteins using yeast one-to-one experiment and co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) experiment. Laser confocal microscopy observation showed that CCT7 and VP2 were able to co-localize and were mostly localized in the cytoplasm. In addition, the study of VP2 truncated mutant found that the interaction region of VP2 with CCT7 was located between amino acids 231 and 320. Cycloheximide (CHX) chase experiments showed that CCT7 can improve the stability of VP2 protein. After further regulation of CCT7 expression in F81 cells, it was found that the expression level of VP2 protein was significantly reduced after knocking down CCT7 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) or HSF1A inhibitor, and increased after overexpressing host CCT7. The study reveals the role of VP2 interacting protein CCT7 in the replication process of CPV, which could provide a potential target for the prevention and control of CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Williams RAJ, Sánchez-Llatas CJ, Doménech A, Madrid R, Fandiño S, Cea-Callejo P, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L. Emerging and Novel Viruses in Passerine Birds. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2355. [PMID: 37764199 PMCID: PMC10536639 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in emerging viruses that can cause serious or lethal disease in humans and animals. The proliferation of cloacal virome studies, mainly focused on poultry and other domestic birds, reveals a wide variety of viruses, although their pathogenic significance is currently uncertain. Analysis of viruses detected in wild birds is complex and often biased towards waterfowl because of the obvious interest in avian influenza or other zoonotic viruses. Less is known about the viruses present in the order Passeriformes, which comprises approximately 60% of extant bird species. This review aims to compile the most significant contributions on the DNA/RNA viruses affecting passerines, from traditional and metagenomic studies. It highlights that most passerine species have never been sampled. Especially the RNA viruses from Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Togaviridae are considered emerging because of increased incidence or avian mortality/morbidity, spread to new geographical areas or hosts and their zoonotic risk. Arguably poxvirus, and perhaps other virus groups, could also be considered "emerging viruses". However, many of these viruses have only recently been described in passerines using metagenomics and their role in the ecosystem is unknown. Finally, it is noteworthy that only one third of the viruses affecting passerines have been officially recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. J. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Christian J. Sánchez-Llatas
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana Doménech
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Madrid
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Sergio Fandiño
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cea-Callejo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
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Zhang Y, Feng B, Xie Z, Zhang M, Fan Q, Deng X, Xie Z, Li M, Zeng T, Xie L, Luo S, Huang J, Wang S. Molecular characterization of emerging chicken and turkey parvovirus variants and novel strains in Guangxi, China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13083. [PMID: 37567941 PMCID: PMC10421884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian parvoviruses cause several enteric poultry diseases that have been increasingly diagnosed in Guangxi, China, since 2014. In this study, the whole-genome sequences of 32 strains of chicken parvovirus (ChPV) and 3 strains of turkey parvovirus (TuPV) were obtained by traditional PCR techniques. Phylogenetic analyses of 3 genes and full genome sequences were carried out, and 35 of the Guangxi ChPV/TuPV field strains were genetically different from 17 classic ChPV/TuPV reference strains. The nucleotide sequence alignment between ChPVs/TuPVs from Guangxi and other countries revealed 85.2-99.9% similarity, and the amino acid sequences showed 87.8-100% identity. The phylogenetic tree of these sequences could be divided into 6 distinct ChPV/TuPV groups. More importantly, 3 novel ChPV/TuPV groups were identified for the first time. Recombination analysis with RDP 5.0 revealed 15 recombinants in 35 ChPV/TuPV isolates. These recombination events were further confirmed by Simplot 3.5.1 analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on full genomes showed that Guangxi ChPV/TuPV strains did not cluster according to their geographic origin, and the identified Guangxi ChPV/TuPV strains differed from the reference strains. Overall, whole-genome characterizations of emerging Guangxi ChPV and TuPV field strains will provide more detailed insights into ChPV/TuPV mutations and recombination and their relationships with molecular epidemiological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Minxiu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
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Paul B, Alam J, Hossain MMK, Hoque SF, Bappy MNI, Akter H, Ahmed N, Akter M, Ali Zinnah M, Das S, Mia MM, Parvej MS, Sarkar S, Ghosh H, Hasan M, Ashour HM, Rahman MM. Immunoinformatics for Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine Development in Canine Parvovirus Infections. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2180. [PMID: 37626677 PMCID: PMC10452229 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) is one of the most important pathogens of dogs of all ages, causing pandemic infections that are characterized by fatal hemorrhagic enteritis. The CPV-2 vaccine is recommended as a core vaccine for pet animals. Despite the intensive practice of active immunization, CPV-2 remains a global threat. In this study, a multi-epitope vaccine against CPV-2 was designed, targeting the highly conserved capsid protein (VP2) via in silico approaches. Several immunoinformatics methods, such as epitope screening, molecular docking, and simulation were used to design a potential vaccine construct. The partial protein sequences of the VP2 gene of CPV-2 and protein sequences retrieved from the NCBI were screened to predict highly antigenic proteins through antigenicity, trans-membrane-topology screening, an allergenicity assessment, and a toxicity analysis. Homologous VP2 protein sequences typically linked to the disease were identified using NCBI BLAST, in which four conserved regions were preferred. Overall, 10 epitopes, DPIGGKTGI, KEFDTDLKP, GTDPDDVQ, GGTNFGYIG, GTFYFDCKP, NRALGLPP, SGTPTN, LGLPPFLNSL, IGGKTG, and VPPVYPN, were selected from the conserved regions to design the vaccine construct. The molecular docking demonstrated the higher binding affinity of these epitopes with dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) molecules. The selected epitopes were linked with Salmonella enterica flagellin FliC adjuvants, along with the PADRE sequence, by GGS linkers to construct a vaccine candidate with 272 nucleotides. The codon adaptation and in silico cloning showed that the generated vaccine can be expressed by the E. coli strain, K12, and the sequence of the vaccine construct showed no similarities with dog protein. Our results suggest that the vaccine construct might be useful in preventing canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) in dogs. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed for the validation of the vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashudeb Paul
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Jahangir Alam
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | | | - Syeda Farjana Hoque
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Md. Nazmul Islam Bappy
- Department of Animal and Fish Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Hafsa Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Nadim Ahmed
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Margia Akter
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ali Zinnah
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Shobhan Das
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Md. Mukthar Mia
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sonjoy Sarkar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Hiren Ghosh
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Hossam M. Ashour
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Md. Masudur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
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Tegegne D, Tsegaye G, Faustini G, Franzo G. First genetic detection and characterization of canine parvovirus type 2 (Carnivore protoparvovirus 1) in southwestern Ethiopia. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:975-980. [PMID: 36322244 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The species Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 includes viruses, e.g. canine parvovirus (CPV-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), which are among the most relevant for pets, causing extremely severe clinical signs and high fatality rate in dogs and cats. Moreover, a broad range of wild hosts, including endangered ones, were proven to be susceptible. Currently, no data on CPV-2 molecular epidemiology and strain characterization are available in Ethiopia, also considering the frequent contacts between domestic and wild populations. In the present study, a molecular epidemiology survey was performed on 92 fecal samples collected from domestic (n = 84) and stray (n = 8) dogs in southwestern Ethiopia in 2021. Approximately, 10% of the samples tested positive and the complete VP2 sequences of 5 strains were obtained, classified within the CPV-2a (n = 1) and CPV-2c (n = 4) antigenic variants. In most instances, the closest genetic relatives were strains of Chinese origin, which is fully compatible with the intense relationships that have been developing between the two countries, involving human being travels and their pets as well. Considering the clinical relevance of this infection and the risk it poses to local domestic and wild carnivore populations, especially endangered ones, much stronger monitoring and surveillance activity on foreign incoming animals should be performed. More strict constraints on animal introduction, e.g. compulsory vaccination, should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechassa Tegegne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Tsegaye
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Giulia Faustini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Capozza P, Buonavoglia A, Pratelli A, Martella V, Decaro N. Old and Novel Enteric Parvoviruses of Dogs. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050722. [PMID: 37242392 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus infections have been well known for around 100 years in domestic carnivores. However, the use of molecular assays and metagenomic approaches for virus discovery and characterization has led to the detection of novel parvovirus species and/or variants in dogs. Although some evidence suggests that these emerging canine parvoviruses may act as primary causative agents or as synergistic pathogens in the diseases of domestic carnivores, several aspects regarding epidemiology and virus-host interaction remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
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Xue H, Hu C, Ma H, Song Y, Zhu K, Fu J, Mu B, Gao X. Isolation of feline panleukopenia virus from Yanji of China and molecular epidemiology from 2021 to 2022. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e29. [PMID: 37012037 PMCID: PMC10071280 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a widespread and highly infectious pathogen in cats with a high mortality rate. Although Yanji has a developed cat breeding industry, the variation of FPV locally is still unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to isolate and investigate the epidemiology of FPV in Yanji between 2021 and 2022. METHODS A strain of FPV was isolated from F81 cells. Cats suspected of FPV infection (n = 80) between 2021 and 2022 from Yanji were enrolled in this study. The capsid protein 2 (VP2) of FPV was amplified. It was cloned into the pMD-19T vector and transformed into a competent Escherichia coli strain. The positive colonies were analyzed via VP2 Sanger sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis based on a VP2 coding sequence was performed to identify the genetic relationships between the strains. RESULTS An FPV strain named YBYJ-1 was successfully isolated. The virus diameter was approximately 20-24 nm, 50% tissue culture infectious dose = 1 × 10-4.94/mL, which caused cytopathic effect in F81 cells. The epidemiological survey from 2021 to 2022 showed that 27 of the 80 samples were FPV-positive. Additionally, three strains positive for CPV-2c were unexpectedly found. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the 27 FPV strains belonged to the same group, and no mutations were found in the critical amino acids. CONCLUSIONS A local FPV strain named YBYJ-1 was successfully isolated. There was no critical mutation in FPV in Yanji, but some cases with CPV-2c infected cats were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Xue
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Chunyi Hu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Haoyuan Ma
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yanhao Song
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Kunru Zhu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jingfeng Fu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Biying Mu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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Abayli H, Aslan O, Tumer KC, Can-Sahna K, Tonbak S. Predominance and first complete genomic characterization of canine parvovirus 2b in Turkey. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1831-1840. [PMID: 35716267 PMCID: PMC9206223 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Viral enteritis is a significant threat to domestic dogs. The two primary pathogens that cause viral enteritis in dogs are canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). In this study, we investigated the occurrence of CPV-2, CCoV, and canine circovirus coinfection by characterizing circulating subtypes of CPV-2 in faecal samples from symptomatic dogs admitted to veterinary clinics located in Ankara, Elazığ, Kayseri, and Kocaeli provinces of Turkey, between 2019 and 2022. Virus detection by PCR and RT-PCR revealed that CPV-2 was present in 48 (77.4%) samples, and no other agents were detected. Based on the occurrence of the codon GAT at positions 1276 to 1278 (coding for aspartate at residue 426) of VP2, all CPV-2 isolates were confirmed to be of the CPV-2b subtype. The complete genome sequences of two CPV-2b isolates showed a high degree of similarity to and phylogenetic clustering with Australian and East Asian strains/isolates. The predominant CPV strain circulating in the three different regions of Turkey was found to be a CPV-2b strain containing the amino acid substitutions at Y324I and T440A, which commonly contribute to immune escape. This is the first report of complete genomic analysis of CPV-2 isolates circulating in symptomatic domestic dogs in Turkey. The evolution of CPV-2 has raised questions about the efficacy of current vaccination regimes and highlights the importance of monitoring the emergence and spread of new CPV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Abayli
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23110, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Oznur Aslan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kenan Cağrı Tumer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kezban Can-Sahna
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23110, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sukru Tonbak
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23110, Elazig, Turkey
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Luna Espinoza LR, Carhuaricra Huamán D, Quino Quispe R, Rosadio Alcántara RH, Maturrano Hernández AL. Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 in Peruvian dogs: Temporal/geographical and evolutionary dynamics of virus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 99:105255. [PMID: 35227878 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) has been recognized all around the world as the causal agent of a contagious and highly mortal disease in domestic dogs. In Peru, the infection is endemic and unvaccinated animals and puppies are the most at risk. In order to analyze viral diversity and determine the evolutionary genetic relationships and transmission dynamic of Peruvian CPV-2, were collected during the period of 2016-2017 rectal swabs from puppies with parvovirosis compatible symptoms. Viral DNA was amplified by PCR using primers that flanked the ends of the viral genome and sequenced by Illumina Miseq platform. Twenty-six genomic sequences (NSP1-VP1) of CPV from several districts in Lima Metropolitan area were obtained. The VP2 gene analysis demonstrated the presence of the New CPV-2a, New CPV-2b and 2c variants. The phylodynamic analysis of the viral genomes determined that all Peruvian sequences were clustered into a big clade named South American clade that emerged from the west region of Europe (Italy). The Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) of the South American clade was dated to 1993. Peruvian sequences were distributed into three subclades, and the 92% of these sequences were related to Ecuadorian CPV-2. The results suggests that three independent introduction events of virus from other countries could have occurred, in two of these events, CPV-2 from Ecuador were introduced in Peru in 2003 and 2009, and another introduction event, in 2000, from Europe. Overall, these results indicate a viral genetic relationship between Peruvian with Ecuadorian and European virus, and the circulation of several viral subpopulations in Lima Metropolitan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Luna Espinoza
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Dennis Carhuaricra Huamán
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Raquel Quino Quispe
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Raúl H Rosadio Alcántara
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Abelardo Lenin Maturrano Hernández
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
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de Oliveira Santana W, Silveira VP, Wolf JM, Kipper D, Echeverrigaray S, Canal CW, Truyen U, Lunge VR, Streck AF. Molecular phylogenetic assessment of the canine parvovirus 2 worldwide and analysis of the genetic diversity and temporal spreading in Brazil. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 98:105225. [PMID: 35101636 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a relevant pathogen for dogs and causes a severe disease in carnivore species. CPV-2 reached pandemic proportions after the 1970s with the worldwide dissemination, generating antigenic and genetic variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c) with different pathobiology in comparison with the original type CPV-2. The present study aimed to assess the current global CPV-2 molecular phylogeny and to analyze genetic diversity and temporal spreading of variants from Brazil. A total of 284 CPV-2 whole-genome sequences (WGS) and 684 VP2 complete genes (including 23 obtained in the present study) were compared to analyze phylogenetic relationships. Bayesian coalescent analysis estimated the time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) and the population dynamics of the different CPV-2 lineages in the last decades. The WGS phylogenetic tree demonstrated two main clades disseminated worldwide today. The VP2 gene tree showed a total of four well-defined clades distributed in different geographic regions, including one with CPV-2 sequences exclusive from Brazil. These clades do not have a relationship with the previous classification into CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c, despite some having a predominance of one or more antigenic types. Temporal analysis demonstrated that the main CPV-2 clades evolved within a few years (from the 1980s to 1990s) in North America and they spread worldwide afterwards. Population dynamics analysis demonstrated that CPV-2 presented a major dissemination increase at the end of the 1980s / beginning of the 1990s followed by a period of stability and a second minor increase from 2000 to 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weslei de Oliveira Santana
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Proença Silveira
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jonas Michel Wolf
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diéssy Kipper
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergio Echeverrigaray
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Uwe Truyen
- Institut für Tierhygiene und Öffentliches Veterinärwesen, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Molecular analysis of the full-length VP2 gene of Brazilian strains of canine parvovirus 2 shows genetic and structural variability between wild and vaccine strains. Virus Res 2022; 313:198746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Codon Usage for Genetic Diversity, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Novel Porcine Parvoviruses 2 through 7 (PPV2–PPV7). Viruses 2022; 14:v14020170. [PMID: 35215764 PMCID: PMC8876854 DOI: 10.3390/v14020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is the main pathogen of reproductive disorders. In recent years, a new type of porcine parvovirus has been discovered and named porcine parvovirus 2 to 7 (PPV2–PPV7), and it is associated with porcine circovirus type 2 in pigs. Codon usage patterns and their effects on the evolution and host adaptation of different PPV sub-types are still largely unknown. Here, we define six main sub-types based on the Bayesian method of structural proteins of each sub-type of PPV, including PPV2, PPV3, PPV4, PPV5, PPV6, and PPV7, which show different degrees of codon usage preferences. The effective number of codons (ENC) indicates that all PPV sub-types have low codon bias. According to the codon adaptation index (CAI), PPV3 and PPV7 have the highest similarity with the host, which is related to the main popular tendency of the host in the field; according to the frequency of optimal codons (FOP), PPV7 has the highest frequency of optimal codons, indicating the most frequently used codons in its genes; and according to the relative codon deoptimization index (RCDI), PPV3 has a higher degree. Therefore, it is determined that mutational stress has a certain impact on the codon usage preference of PPV genes, and natural selection plays a very decisive and dominant role in the codon usage pattern. Our research provides a new perspective on the evolution of porcine parvovirus (PPV) and may help provide a new method for future research on the origin, evolutionary model, and host adaptation of PPV.
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Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity of the Novel Recombinant Muscovy Duck Parvovirus Isolated from Geese. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113211. [PMID: 34827943 PMCID: PMC8614538 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Waterfowl parvoviruses are important pathogens that cause severe disease in young waterfowl. Waterfowl parvoviruses can be divided into goose parvovirus (GPV)- and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV)-related groups. New variant strains can be generated from genomic recombination between different waterfowl parvoviruses and result in new epidemics. Recently, a novel recombinant MDPV (rMDPV) derived from recombination between GPVs and MDPV was reported. This virus caused high morbidity and mortality rates in ducklings and was circulating in waterfowl in mainland China. In this study, a novel rMDPV was isolated in Taiwan from a goose flock that experienced a high mortality. The complete genome of this goose-origin rMDPV was sequenced. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed to elucidate its molecular characteristics. The virulence of this rMDPV was evaluated using experimental infection goose embryos and goslings. This study was the first report showing the pathogenicity of rMDPV in geese. Abstract Goose parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) are the main agents associated with waterfowl parvovirus infections that caused great economic losses in the waterfowl industry. In 2020, a recombinant waterfowl parvovirus, 20-0910G, was isolated in a goose flock in Taiwan that experienced high morbidity and mortality. The whole genome of 20-0910G was sequenced to investigate the genomic characteristics of this isolate. Recombination analysis revealed that, like Chinese rMDPVs, 20-0910G had a classical MDPV genomic backbone and underwent two recombination events with classical GPVs at the P9 promoter and partial VP3 gene regions. Phylogenetic analysis of the genomic sequence found that this goose-origin parvovirus was highly similar to the circulating recombinant MDPVs (rMDPVs) isolated from duck flocks in China. The results of experimental challenge tests showed that 20-0910G caused 100% mortality in goose embryos and in 1-day-old goslings by 11 and 12 days post-inoculation, respectively. Taken together, the results indicated that this goose-origin rMDPV was closely related to the duck-origin rMDPVs and was highly pathogenic to young geese.
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15
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Canuti M, Bouchard É, Rodrigues B, Whitney HG, Hopson M, Gilroy C, Stenson G, Dufour SC, Lang AS, Verhoeven JTP. Newlavirus, a Novel, Highly Prevalent, and Highly Diverse Protoparvovirus of Foxes ( Vulpes spp.). Viruses 2021; 13:1969. [PMID: 34696399 PMCID: PMC8537079 DOI: 10.3390/v13101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Protoparvovirus (family Parvoviridae) includes several viruses of carnivores. We describe a novel fox protoparvovirus, which we named Newlavirus as it was discovered in samples from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Analysis of the full non-structural protein (NS1) sequence indicates that this virus is a previously uncharacterized species. Newlavirus showed high prevalence in foxes from both the mainland (Labrador, 54/137, 39.4%) and the island of Newfoundland (22/50, 44%) but was not detected in samples from other carnivores, including coyotes (n = 92), lynx (n = 58), martens (n = 146), mink (n = 47), ermines (n = 17), dogs (n = 48), and ringed (n = 4), harp (n = 6), bearded (n = 6), and harbor (n = 2) seals. Newlavirus was found at similar rates in stool and spleen (24/80, 30% vs. 59/152, 38.8%, p = 0.2) but at lower rates in lymph nodes (2/37, 5.4%, p < 0.01). Sequencing a fragment of approximately 750 nt of the capsid protein gene from 53 samples showed a high frequency of co-infection by more than one strain (33.9%), high genetic diversity with 13 genotypes with low sequence identities (70.5-87.8%), and no geographic segregation of strains. Given the high prevalence, high diversity, and the lack of identification in other species, foxes are likely the natural reservoir of Newlavirus, and further studies should investigate its distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Canuti
- Department of Biology, Memorial, University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave., St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; (H.G.W.); (S.C.D.); (J.T.P.V.)
| | - Émilie Bouchard
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
- Research Group on Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Bruce Rodrigues
- Wildlife Division, Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Fisheries, Forestry, and Agriculture, PO Box 2007, Corner Brook, NL A2H 7S1, Canada;
| | - Hugh G. Whitney
- Department of Biology, Memorial, University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave., St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; (H.G.W.); (S.C.D.); (J.T.P.V.)
| | - Marti Hopson
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave., Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada;
| | - Cornelia Gilroy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave., Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada;
| | - Garry Stenson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Government of Canada, P.O. Box 5667, St. John’s, NL A1C 5X1, Canada;
| | - Suzanne C. Dufour
- Department of Biology, Memorial, University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave., St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; (H.G.W.); (S.C.D.); (J.T.P.V.)
| | - Andrew S. Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial, University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave., St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; (H.G.W.); (S.C.D.); (J.T.P.V.)
| | - Joost T. P. Verhoeven
- Department of Biology, Memorial, University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave., St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; (H.G.W.); (S.C.D.); (J.T.P.V.)
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N-2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride Chitosan as Adjuvant Enhances the Immunogenicity of a VP2 Subunit Vaccine against Porcine Parvovirus Infection in Sows. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9091027. [PMID: 34579264 PMCID: PMC8472385 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is the most important infectious agent causing infertility in pigs, which can be prevented by routine vaccination. Successful vaccination depends on the association with potent adjuvants that can enhance the immunogenicity of antigen and activate the immune system. Polysaccharide adjuvant has low toxicity and high safety, and they can enhance the humoral, cellular and mucosal immune responses. In the present study, we prepared the VP2 protein subunit vaccine against PPV (PPV/VP2/N-2-HACC) using water-soluble N-2-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (N-2-HACC) as the vaccine adjuvant, and the ability of the PPV/VP2/N-2-HACC to induce immune responses and protect sows from PPV infection was evaluated. In vivo immunization showed that the sows immunized with the PPV/VP2/N-2-HACC by intramuscular injection produced higher HI antibody levels and long-term immune protection compared with the other groups, while the subunit vaccine did not stimulate the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes to trigger the secretion of higher levels of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ, indicating that the PPV/VP2/N-2-HACC mainly induced humoral immunity rather than cellular immunity. PPV was not detected in the viscera of the sows immunized with the PPV/VP2/N-2-HACC, and the protective efficacy was 100%. Collectively, our findings suggested that the N-2-HACC was a potential candidate adjuvant, and the PPV/VP2/N-2-HACC had immense application value for the control of PPV.
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17
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A Novel Recombinant Virus-Like Particles Displaying B and T Cell Epitopes of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Offers Protective Immunity in Mice and Guinea Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090980. [PMID: 34579217 PMCID: PMC8473392 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are non-replicative vectors for the delivery of heterologous epitopes and are considered one of the most potent inducers of cellular and humoral immune responses in mice and guinea pigs. In the present study, VLP-JEVe was constructed by the insertion of six Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) envelope protein epitopes into different surface loop regions of PPV VP2 by the substitution of specific amino acid sequences without altering the assembly of the virus; subsequently, the protective efficacy of this VLP-JEVe was evaluated against JEV challenge in mice and guinea pigs. Mice immunized with the VLP-JEVe antigen developed high titers of neutralizing antibodies and 100% protection against lethal JEV challenge. The neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses were also induced in guinea pigs vaccinated with VLP-JEVe. In addition, immunization with VLP-JEVe in mice induced effective neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity against PPV (porcine parvovirus) challenge in guinea pigs. These studies suggest that VLP-JEVe produced as described here could be a potential candidate for vaccine development.
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Jinadasa R, Ghosh S, Hills S, Premalal T, Atapattu U, Fuward M, Kalupahana W, Dunowska M. Genomic Variability of Canine Parvoviruses from a Selected Population of Dogs and Cats in Sri Lanka. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091102. [PMID: 34578133 PMCID: PMC8466987 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) subtypes circulating among a selected population of domestic dogs and cats in Sri Lanka and to investigate the evolutionary patterns among Sri Lankan viruses in the context of contemporary global CPV-2 sequences. Altogether, 40/61 (65.6%) samples tested were positive for CPV-2 DNA, including 31/48 (64.6%) dogs and 9/13 (69%) cats. All three subtypes (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c) were detected, with CPV-2a being most common. International median joining haplotype network of 291 CPV-2 sequences suggested that there was little barrier for CPV-2 moving between different geographical regions worldwide, including Sri Lanka, and that there was no correlation between the genetic structure within the molecular network and the decade of sample collection. By contrast, there was correlation between CPV-2 subtype and genetic structure, both within the international network and within the network built from 31 Sri Lankan CPV-2 sequences only. The structure within the latter was not correlated with the location of the veterinary clinic where the samples were submitted, the age or species of the host. Altogether, we have shown that there is considerable variability of CPV-2 genotypes circulating in Sri Lanka, which is likely driven by both local evolution and introduction from other countries. The similarity of CPV-2 obtained from cats and dogs suggests that cats may play a role in the epidemiology of CPV-2 in Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Jinadasa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (T.P.); (U.A.); (W.K.)
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Sayani Ghosh
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Simon Hills
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Thushini Premalal
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (T.P.); (U.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Ushani Atapattu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (T.P.); (U.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Manohari Fuward
- Government Veterinary Hospital, Gatambe, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Wasantha Kalupahana
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (T.P.); (U.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Magdalena Dunowska
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (M.D.)
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Shao G, Zhao L, Tang C, Yue H. Identification and genomic characterization of bovine parvovirus 1 in yaks. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:1193-1196. [PMID: 34238077 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211029691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine parvovirus 1 (BPV1) is a causative agent of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive cattle diseases. We collected 149 yak diarrhea fecal samples from 9 farms in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The samples were screened for BPV1 by PCR, and 2 samples were positive for BPV1. The complete genomes of these BPV1 isolates were sequenced successfully. The sequences of these 2 variants were both 5,515 bp in length and shared 96.5-96.8% identity with 2 previously reported BPV1 genomes (GenBank DQ335247, NC_001540). Twenty-six identical amino acid mutations were found in the 2 yak variants, including 7 amino acid substitutions in receptor-binding regions of the VP2 protein, and 5 amino acid substitutions in the NS1 protein C-terminal region that functions to activate transcription. The new genome sequences contribute to better understanding of the evolution and molecular characteristics of BPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Shao
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, and Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Zhao
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, and Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, and Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, and Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China
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Piewbang C, Wardhani SW, Chanseanroj J, Yostawonkul J, Boonrungsiman S, Saengkrit N, Kongmakee P, Banlunara W, Poovorawan Y, Kasantikul T, Techangamsuwan S. Natural infection of parvovirus in wild fishing cats (Prionailurus viverrinus) reveals extant viral localization in kidneys. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247266. [PMID: 33651823 PMCID: PMC7924760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1), a viral species containing feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) variants, are widely spread among domestic and wild carnivores causing systemic fatal diseases. Wild fishing cats (Prionailurus viverrinus), a globally vulnerable species, have been found dead. Postmortem examination of the carcasses revealed lesions in intestine, spleen and kidney. CPPV-1 antigen identification in these tissues, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), supported the infection by the virus. PCR- and IHC-positivity in kidney tissues revealed atypical localization of the virus while in situ hybridization (ISH) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with the pop-off technique confirmed the first description of viral localization in kidneys. Complete genome characterization and deduced amino acid analysis of the obtained CPPV-1 from the fishing cats revealed FPV as a causative agent. The detected FPV sequences showed amino acid mutations at I566M and M569R in the capsid protein. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of complete coding genome sequences revealed that the fishing cat CPPV-1 genomes are genetically clustered to the FPV genomes isolated from domestic cats in Thailand. Since the 1970s, these genomes have also been shown to share a genetic evolution with Chinese FPV strains. This study is the first evidence of CPPV-1 infection in fishing cats and it is the first to show its localization in the kidneys. These findings support the multi-host range of this parvovirus and suggest fatal CPPV-1 infections may result in other vulnerable wild carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sabrina Wahyu Wardhani
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- The International Graduate Course of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jira Chanseanroj
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jakarwan Yostawonkul
- The International Graduate Course of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Suwimon Boonrungsiman
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nattika Saengkrit
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Piyaporn Kongmakee
- The Zoological Park Organization Under The Royal Patronage of H.M. The King, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Clemson Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Clemson University, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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21
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Capsid assembly is regulated by amino acid residues asparagine 47 and 48 in the VP2 protein of porcine parvovirus. Vet Microbiol 2020; 253:108974. [PMID: 33433338 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a major cause of reproductive failure in swine and has caused substantial losses throughout the world. Viral protein 2 (VP2) of PPV is a major structural protein that can self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLP) with hemagglutination (HA) activity. In order to identify the essential residues involved in the mechanism of capsid assembly and to further understand the function of HA, we analyzed a series of deletion mutants and site-directed mutations within the N-terminal of VP2 using the Escherichia coli system. Our results showed that deletion of the first 47 amino acids from the N-terminal of the VP2 protein did not affect capsid assembly, and further truncation to residue 48 Asparagine (Asn, N) caused detrimental effects. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that residue 47Asn reduced the assembly efficiency of PPV VLP, while residue 48Asn destroyed the stability, hemagglutination, and self-assembly characteristics of the PPV VP2 protein. Results from native PAGE inferred that macromolecular polymers were critical intermediates of the VP2 protein during the capsid assembly process. Site-directed mutation at 48Asn did not affect the ability of monomers to form into oligomers, but destroyed the ability of oligomers to assemble into macromolecular particles, influencing both capsid assembly and HA activity. Our findings provide valuable information on the mechanisms of PPV capsid assembly and the possibility of chimeric VLP vaccine development by replacing the first 47 amino acids at the N-terminal of the VP2 protein.
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22
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Rodríguez-Márquez E, Meumann N, Büning H. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid engineering in liver-directed gene therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:749-766. [PMID: 33331201 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1865303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gene therapy clinical trials with adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors report impressive clinical efficacy data. Nevertheless, challenges have become apparent, such as the need for high vector doses and the induction of anti-AAV immune responses that cause the loss of vector-transduced hepatocytes. This fostered research focusing on development of next-generation AAV vectors capable of dealing with these hurdles.Areas Covered: While both the viral vector genome and the capsid are subjects to engineering, this review focuses on the latter. Specifically, we summarize the principles of capsid engineering strategies, and describe developments and applications of engineered capsid variants for liver-directed gene therapy.Expert Opinion: Capsid engineering is a promising strategy to significantly improve efficacy of the AAV vector system in clinical application. Reduction in vector dose will further improve vector safety, lower the risk of host immune responses and the cost of manufacturing. Capsid engineering is also expected to result in AAV vectors applicable to patients with preexisting immunity toward natural AAV serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rodríguez-Márquez
- Universidad Autónoma De Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadja Meumann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hildegard Büning
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
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23
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Elbaz E, El-Tholoth M, Abo Elfadl EA, Mosad SM. Molecular investigation on the presence of canine parvovirus in Egypt. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 74:101576. [PMID: 33285387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) causes a highly contagious gastroenteritis disease of dogs and wild canids. To investigate the CPV-2 prevalence in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, a total of 50 fecal swabs were collected from suspected diseased dogs during 2016-2017. Out of 50 collected samples, 35 samples (70 %) presented positive results for CPV-2 using immuno-chromatography (IC) as a rapid test. CPV-2DNA was detected in 42 samples (84 %) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequencies of CPV-2 were significantly higher in German shepherd breed (46 %; 23/50) and in age groups less than 6 months (76%; 38/50). We evaluated the breed, age, sex, rapid test results and clinical signs as predictors for classification of animal status into infected and not infected. The best predictors for classification process were rapid test result and clinical signs. Both CPV-2b and CPV-2c subtypes were detected by CPV2-VP2 gene sequences analysis. Deduced amino acid sequences alignment showed substitutions at 3 sites (Arg453Pro, Ala574Glu and Gln457Leu). Further investigations are needed to reveal the genetic and antigenic relation between field and vaccinal strains of CPV-2 in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzahara Elbaz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Tholoth
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Health Sciences Division, Veterinary Sciences Program, Al Ain Men's Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain 17155, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Eman A Abo Elfadl
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Samah M Mosad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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24
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Palombieri A, Di Profio F, Lanave G, Capozza P, Marsilio F, Martella V, Di Martino B. Molecular detection and characterization of Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus 1 in dogs. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108878. [PMID: 33069035 PMCID: PMC7528909 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Canine chaphamaparvovirus (CaChPV) is a novel parvovirus recently discovered in dogs; Herein, stool samples from dogs with or without enteric signs were screened for CaChPV; CaChPV DNA was found either in diarrhoeic (1.9 %) or asymptomatic (1.6 %) dogs; The nearly complete genome sequences were determined for two strains; The Italian CaChPV strains tightly clustered with the American reference viruses.
Canine chaphamaparvovirus (CaChPV) is a newly recognised parvovirus discovered by metagenomic analysis during an outbreak of diarrhoea in dogs in Colorado, USA, in 2017 and more recently detected in diarrhoeic dogs in China. Whether the virus plays a role as canine pathogen and whether it is distributed elsewhere, in other geographical areas, is not known. We performed a case-control study to investigate the possible association of CaChPV with enteritis in dogs. CaChPV DNA was detected both in the stools of diarrhoeic dogs (1.9 %, 3/155) and of healthy animals (1.6 %, 2/120). All the CaChPV-infected dogs with diarrhea were mixed infected with other enteric viruses such as canine parvovirus (formerly CPV-2), canine bufavirus (CBuV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV), whilst none of the asymptomatic CaChPV positive animals resulted co-infected. The nearly full-length genome and the partial capsid protein (VP) gene of three canine strains, Te/36OVUD/19/ITA, Te/37OVUD/19/ITA and Te/70OVUD/19/ITA, were reconstructed. Upon phylogenetic analyses based on the NS1 and VP aa sequences, the Italian CaChPV strains tightly clustered with the American reference viruses. Distinctive residues could be mapped to the deduced variable regions of the VP of canine and feline chaphamaparvoviruses, considered as important markers of host range and pathogenicity for parvoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palombieri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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25
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Liu W, Zhang Y, Ma J, Jiang N, Fan Y, Zhou Y, Cain K, Yi M, Jia K, Wen H, Liu W, Guan W, Zeng L. Determination of a novel parvovirus pathogen associated with massive mortality in adult tilapia. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008765. [PMID: 32970777 PMCID: PMC7588064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilapia is one of the most important economic and fastest-growing species in aquaculture worldwide. In 2015, an epidemic associated with severe mortality occurred in adult tilapia in Hubei, China. The causative pathogen was identified as Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) by virus isolation, electron microscopy, experimental challenge, In situ hybridization (ISH), indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and viral gene sequencing. Electron microscopy revealed large numbers of parvovirus particles in the organs of diseased fish, including kidney, spleen, liver, heart, brain, gill, intestine, etc. The virions were spherical in shape, non-enveloped and approximately 30nm in diameter. The TiPV was isolated and propagated in tilapia brain cells (TiB) and induced a typical cytopathic effect (CPE) after 3 days post-infection (dpi). This virus was used to experimentally infect adult tilapia and clinical disease symptoms similar to those observed naturally were replicated. Additionally, the results of ISH and IFA showed positive signals in kidney and spleen tissues from TiPV-infected fish. To identify TiPV-specific sequences, the near complete genome of TiPV was obtained and determined to be 4269 bp in size. Phylogenetic analysis of the NS1 sequence revealed that TiPV is a novel parvovirus, forms a separate branch in proposed genus Chapparvovirus of Parvoviridae. Results presented here confirm that TiPV is a novel parvovirus pathogen that can cause massive mortality in adult tilapia. This provides a basis for the further studies to define the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this emerging viral disease. A novel parvovirus isolated from adult tilapia causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Using a SISPA-PCR and RACE, we identified and characterized 4269 nucleotides of this parvovirus. Tentatively named Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV), this is to our knowledge the first putative member of the family Parvoviridae shown to infect a teleost host. We found that a nucleotide sequence similarity search by BLASTX had no significant matches with other viruses, while amino acid sequence comparison indicated approximately 34.6% ~ 50.0% amino acids (aa) homology with other parvoviruses. Similarities between the genomes of parvoviruses infecting hosts in different phyla or divisions indicate a need to update previously suggested hypotheses on the origins of parvovirus. Our findings may represent new avenues to explain viral evolution and suggest a need to further study parvovirus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yecheng Zhang
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences and the Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kenneth Cain
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences and the Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Meisheng Yi
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kuntong Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Wen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wuxiang Guan
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: ; (WG); (LZ)
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: ; (WG); (LZ)
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26
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Diagnostic Challenges in Canine Parvovirus 2c in Vaccine Failure Cases. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090980. [PMID: 32899378 PMCID: PMC7552027 DOI: 10.3390/v12090980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, three different diagnostic tests for parvovirus were compared with vaccination status and parvovirus genotype in suspected canine parvovirus cases. Faecal samples from vaccinated (N17) and unvaccinated or unknown vaccination status (N41) dogs that had clinical signs of parvovirus infection were tested using three different assays of antigen tests, conventional and quantitative PCR tests. The genotype of each sample was determined by sequencing. In addition to the suspected parvovirus samples, 21 faecal samples from apparently healthy dogs were tested in three diagnostic tests to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. The antigen test was positive in 41.2% of vaccinated dogs and 73.2% of unvaccinated diseased dogs. Conventional PCR and qPCR were positive for canine parvovirus (CPV) in 82.4% of vaccinated dogs and 92.7% of unvaccinated dogs. CPV type-2c (CPV-2c) was detected in 82.75% of dogs (12 vaccinated and 36 unvaccinated dogs), CPV-2b was detected in 5.17% dogs (one vaccinated and two unvaccinated) and CPV-2a in 1.72% vaccinated dog. Mean Ct values in qPCR for vaccinated dogs were higher than the unvaccinated dogs (p = 0.049), suggesting that vaccinated dogs shed less virus, even in clinical forms of CPV. CPV-2c was the dominant subtype infecting dogs in both vaccinated and unvaccinated cases. Faecal antigen testing failed to identify a substantial proportion of CPV-2c infected dogs, likely due to low sensitivity. The faecal samples from apparently healthy dogs (n = 21) showed negative results in all three tests. Negative CPV faecal antigen results should be viewed with caution until they are confirmed by molecular methods.
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Metagenomic characterisation of avian parvoviruses and picornaviruses from Australian wild ducks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12800. [PMID: 32733035 PMCID: PMC7393117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ducks can shed and disseminate viruses and thus play a role in cross-species transmission. In the current study, we detected and characterised various avian parvoviruses and picornaviruses from wild Pacific black ducks, Chestnut teals, Grey teals and Wood ducks sampled at multiple time points from a single location using metagenomics. We characterised 46 different avian parvoviruses belonging to three different genera Dependoparvovirus, Aveparvovirus and Chaphamaparvovirus, and 11 different avian picornaviruses tentatively belonging to four different genera Sicinivirus, Anativirus, Megrivirus and Aalivirus. Most of these viruses were genetically different from other currently known viruses from the NCBI dataset. The study showed that the abundance and number of avian picornaviruses and parvoviruses varied considerably throughout the year, with the high number of virus reads in some of the duck samples highly suggestive of an active infection at the time of sampling. The detection and characterisation of several parvoviruses and picornaviruses from the individual duck samples also suggests co-infection, which may lead to the emergence of novel viruses through possible recombination. Therefore, as new and emerging diseases evolve, it is relevant to explore and monitor potential animal reservoirs in their natural habitat.
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28
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N. Nuñez LF, Santander-Parra SH, De la Torre DI, de Sá LRM, Buim MR, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity of Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV) in Specific Pathogen-Free Chicks Infected Experimentally. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080606. [PMID: 32722416 PMCID: PMC7459526 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken parvovirus (ChPV) is an agent frequently associated with runting stunting syndrome (RSS). This syndrome has been reported in association with ChPV in many countries, including Brazil; however, studies characterizing the virus on a molecular level are scarce, and ChPV pathogenicity in day-old chicks remains unclear. The aim of the present work was to establish the molecular characteristics of ChPV, determine the pathogenicity of ChPV in SPF chicks and detect and quantify ChPV by qPCR in several tissues and chicks of different ages. The experimental challenge was performed at one day of age, and daily and weekly observations were performed and five birds from each experimental group (mock and infected birds) were euthanized to perform the different analysis. ChPV genome copies were detected and quantified by qPCR in gut, spleen, thymus, kidney, pancreas, proventriculus and bursa. Clinically, the infected group presented with diarrhea 24 h post-infection, which persisted until 42 days of age. The small intestine was distended, and its contents were aqueous and foamy. Enteritis and dilated crypts with cyst shapes were observed in intestinal segments. Acute pancreatitis associated with lymphocytic nodules, infiltrating lymphocytes and plasma cells between the pancreatic acinus was observed. Koch’s postulate was demonstrated and the genetic characterization of the VP1 gene showed that the Brazilian ChPV isolate belongs to the ChPV II group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabian N. Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.F.N.N.); (S.H.S.-P.); (D.I.D.l.T.); (L.R.M.d.S.); (C.S.A.-F.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Av. Jose Queri, Quito 170513, Ecuador
| | - Silvana H. Santander-Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.F.N.N.); (S.H.S.-P.); (D.I.D.l.T.); (L.R.M.d.S.); (C.S.A.-F.)
| | - David I. De la Torre
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.F.N.N.); (S.H.S.-P.); (D.I.D.l.T.); (L.R.M.d.S.); (C.S.A.-F.)
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Central University of Ecuador, Quito CP E170201, Ecuador
| | - Lilian R. M. de Sá
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.F.N.N.); (S.H.S.-P.); (D.I.D.l.T.); (L.R.M.d.S.); (C.S.A.-F.)
| | - Marcos R. Buim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Instituto Biológico, Av. Gaspar Ricardo, 1700, Bastos CEP 17690-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.F.N.N.); (S.H.S.-P.); (D.I.D.l.T.); (L.R.M.d.S.); (C.S.A.-F.)
| | - Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.F.N.N.); (S.H.S.-P.); (D.I.D.l.T.); (L.R.M.d.S.); (C.S.A.-F.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Liu WJ, Yang YT, Zou HY, Chen SJ, Yang C, Tian YB, Huang YM. Identification of recombination in novel goose parvovirus isolated from domesticated Jing-Xi partridge ducks in South China. Virus Genes 2020; 56:600-609. [PMID: 32676956 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS), caused by a novel goose parvovirus (NGPV), have occurred in China since 2015. This rapidly spreading, infectious disease affects ducks in particular, with a high morbidity and low mortality rate, causing huge economic losses. This study analyzed the evolution of NGPV isolated from Jing-Xi partridge duck with SBDS in South China. Complete genome sequences of the NGPV strains GDQY1802 and GDSG1901 were homologous with other GPV/NGPV and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the NGPV isolated from mainland China was related to the Taiwan 82-0321v strain of GPV. In contrast to 82-0321v and the SDLC01 strain, which was first isolated from China, the two isolates showed no deletions in the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region. Further, in these isolates, 24 amino acid sites of the replication protein were different compared to that of GPV live vaccine strain 82-0321v, and 12 sites were unique across all NGPV isolates. These isolates also showed differences in 17 amino acid sites of the capsid protein from that of 82-0321v, two of which were the same as those in MDPV. Recombination analysis identified the major parents of GDSG1901 and GDQY1802 as the NGPV-GD and NGPV-Hun18 strains, and the minor parents as the classical GPV 06-0329 and GPV LH strains, respectively. GDQY1802 and GDSG1901 are recombinant GPV-related parvovirus isolated from domesticated partridge duck. Recombination is evident in the evolution of NGPV, and as such, the use of live attenuated vaccines for NGPV requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Liu
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Hai-Yin Zou
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Jian Chen
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Bo Tian
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yun-Mao Huang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.
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Porcine Parvovirus 7: Evolutionary Dynamics and Identification of Epitopes toward Vaccine Design. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030359. [PMID: 32635618 PMCID: PMC7565409 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) belonging to the genus Chapparvovirus in the family Parvoviridae, has been identified in the USA, Sweden, Poland, China, South Korea and Brazil. Our objective was to determine the phylogeny, estimate the time of origin and evolutionary dynamics of PPV7, and use computer-based immune-informatics to assess potential epitopes of its Cap, the main antigenic viral protein, for vaccines or serology. Regarding evolutionary dynamics, PPV7 had 2 major clades, both of which possibly had a common ancestor in 2004. Furthermore, PPV7 strains from China were the most likely ancestral strains. The nucleotide substitution rates of NS1 and Cap genes were 8.01 × 10−4 and 2.19 × 10−3 per site per year, respectively, which were higher than those reported for PPV1-4. The antigenic profiles of PPV7 Cap were revealed and there were indications that PPV7 used antigenic shift to escape from the host’s immune surveillance. Linear B cell epitopes and CD8 T cell epitopes of Cap with good antigenic potential were identified in silico; these conserved B cell epitopes may be candidates for the PPV7 vaccine or for the development of serological diagnostic methods.
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31
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Wu H, Jin H, Wang L, Huo N, Liu D, Ding H, Cao Y, Liu C, Xi X, Jiao C, Spibey N, Shi J, Liu Y, Tian K. Generation and immunogenicity of virus-like particles based on mink enteritis virus capsid protein VP2 expressed in Sf9 cells. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2065-2071. [PMID: 32613291 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mink enteritis virus (MEV) is a parvovirus that causes acute enteritis in mink. The capsid protein VP2 of MEV is a major immunogenicity that is important for disease prevention. In this study, this protein was expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells using a recombinant baculovirus system and was observed to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) with a high hemagglutination (HA) titer (1:216). A single-dose injection of VLPs (HA titer, 1:256) resulted in complete protection of mink against virulent MEV challenge for at least 180 days. These data suggest that these MEV VLPs could be used as a vaccine for the prevention of viral enteritis in mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Wu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Changchun SR Biological Technology Co., LTD, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Ningning Huo
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Changchun SR Biological Technology Co., LTD, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Hangtian Ding
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Yujiao Cao
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Xiangfeng Xi
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Cuicui Jiao
- Changchun SR Biological Technology Co., LTD, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Norman Spibey
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Changchun SR Biological Technology Co., LTD, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China.
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China.
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Chaiyasak S, Piewbang C, Banlunara W, Techangamsuwan S. Carnivore Protoparvovirus-1 Associated With an Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis in Small Indian Civets. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:706-713. [PMID: 32880233 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820932144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1) infection has been reported frequently in both domestic and wildlife species including wild carnivores. Fifty-five captive small Indian civets (Viverricula indica), farmed for perfume production in Eastern Thailand, showed clinical signs of acute bloody diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting, circling, and seizures. The disease spread within the farm and resulted in the death of 38 of the 55 civets (69% mortality) within a month. Fecal swabs were collected from the 17 surviving civets, and necropsy was performed on 7 of the dead civets. Pathologic findings were severe hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with generalized lymphadenopathy. CPPV-1 was identified in both fecal swabs and postmortem samples by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Further whole-gene sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis suggested feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) as the causative agent. The viral tropism and tissue distribution were confirmed by immunohistochemistry, with immunolabeling in the cytoplasm and nucleus of small intestinal crypt epithelial cells, villous enterocytes, histiocytes in lymphoid tissues, myenteric nerve plexuses, and cerebral and cerebellar neurons. Phylogenetic analysis of civet-derived CPPV-1 indicated a genetic similarity close to the FPV HH-1/86 strain detected in a jaguar (Panthera onca) in China. To our knowledge, this mass die-off of civets is the first evidence of disease associated with CPPV-1 infection in the subfamily Viverrinae. These findings support the multi-host range of parvovirus infection and raises awareness for CPPV-1 disease outbreaks in wildlife species.
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Ferulic Acid Protects against Porcine Parvovirus Infection-Induced Apoptosis by Suppressing the Nuclear Factor- κB Inflammasome Axis and Toll-Like Receptor 4 via Nonstructural Protein 1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3943672. [PMID: 32382287 PMCID: PMC7199543 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3943672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection-induced apoptosis was recently identified as an important pathological factor in PPV-induced placental tissue damage, resulting in reproduction failure. In the present study, we demonstrate the possible involvement of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB inflammasome activation in PPV infection-induced apoptosis and the protective potential of ferulic acid (FA). PPV infection significantly activated the expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB, MyD88, and interleukin (IL)-6. However, FA ameliorated the pathological process, prevented histological alterations, and inhibited the apoptosis rate in porcine kidney (PK-15) cells infected with PPV. Results FA inhibited PPV infection-induced inflammasome activation as shown by decreases in the expression of NF-κB, MyD88, and IL-6. FA also downregulated nonstructural (NS) 1 protein expression in infected PK-15 cells. Conclusions FA downregulated NS1 and TLR4 signaling, prevented the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and suppressed the NF-κB inflammasome axis to inhibit PPV-induced apoptosis in PK-15 cells.
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Garcia-Camacho LA, Vargas-Ruiz A, Marin-Flamand E, Ramírez-Álvarez H, Brown C. A retrospective study of DNA prevalence of porcine parvoviruses in Mexico and its relationship with porcine circovirus associated disease. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:366-376. [PMID: 32096557 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, many emerging porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) have been linked to porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) associated disease (PCVAD), which includes post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), PCV2-related reproductive failure (PCV2-RF), as well as other syndromes. To determine the DNA prevalence of PPVs and their relationship with PMWS and PCV2-RF in Mexico, 170 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were selected from archival collections to detect PPVs using a nested polymerase chain reaction. The tissues were composed of 50 PMWS cases, 20 age-matched tissues from healthy pigs, 56 PCV2-related reproductive failure (PCV2+ -RF) cases, and 44 PCV2- -RF cases. Overall, PPV2 and PPV6 were the most prevalent species (90.0% and 74.7%, respectively). In 8-11 week old pigs, the highest prevalence was for PPV6 and PPV3. Concerning reproductive failure, the PCV2-affected farms had a significantly higher prevalence for PPV6 (61.6%) and PPV5 (36.4%) than the PCV2-unaffected farms (35.0% and 5.0%, respectively). The concurrent infection rate was high, being significant for PPV2/PPV4 and PPV1/PPV5 within the PMWS cases and for PPV6/PPV5 among the PCV2+ -RF tissues. PPV5 showed a significant relationship with PMWS, whereas PPV5 and PPV6 were significant for PCVAD. The prevalence and coinfection rate of PPVs in Mexico were markedly higher than that described in other countries, denoting that PPV5 and PPV6 might have a potential role in PCVAD in Mexico. It is concluded that it is likely that the density population of pigs in Mexico is contributing to high PPV inter-species and PCV2 coinfections which might lead to a different pathogenic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Angélica Garcia-Camacho
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Vargas-Ruiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Marin-Flamand
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Hugo Ramírez-Álvarez
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Corrie Brown
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Wang SL, Tu YC, Lee MS, Wu LH, Chen TY, Wu CH, Tsao EHS, Chin SC, Li WT. Fatal canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) infection in a rescued free-ranging Taiwanese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla). Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1074-1081. [PMID: 31886933 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 includes feline parvovirus (FPV), variants of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2), mink enteritis virus, and raccoon parvovirus, important pathogens affecting both wild and domestic carnivores. In this report, we described a fatal CPV-2 infection in a rescued Taiwanese pangolin, which provides the first evidence of CPV-2 infection in a non-carnivore. Post-rescue, the Taiwanese pangolin died from complications resulting from a severe panleucocytopenia and bloody diarrhoea. A full autopsy was performed and microscopic examination of the tissues revealed ulcerative, necrotizing, and haemorrhagic glossitis, esophagitis and enteritis. The results of transmission electronic microscopy, polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization provided confirmatory evidence that the lesions in the tongue, oesophagus and intestine were associated with a protoparvovirus. Phylogenetic comparison of the whole VP2 gene from the current pangolin protoparvovirus strain showed close clustering with the CPV-2c strains from domestic dogs in Taiwan, China and Singapore. The amino acid sequence of the pangolin protoparvovirus showed 100% identity to the CPV-2c strains from domestic dogs in China, Italy, and Singapore. The current findings highlight that pangolins are susceptible to protoparvoviruses. The potential of cross-species transmission of protoparvoviruses between Carnivora and Pholidota should be considered when housing pangolins in close proximity to carnivores and adopting strict biosecurity measures to avoid cross-species transmission in rescue facilities and zoos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang-Chang Tu
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiuh Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chieh-Hao Wu
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Viral population numbers are extremely large compared with those of their host species. Population bottlenecks are frequent during the life cycle of viruses and can reduce viral populations transiently to very few individuals. Viruses have to confront several types of constraints that can be divided into basal, cell-dependent, and organism-dependent constraints. Viruses overcome them exploiting a number of molecular mechanisms, with an important contribution of population numbers and genome variation. The adaptive potential of viruses is reflected in modifications of cell tropism and host range, escape to components of the host immune response, and capacity to alternate among different host species, among other phenotypic changes. Despite a fitness cost of most mutations required to overcome a selective constraint, viruses can find evolutionary pathways that ensure their survival in equilibrium with their hosts.
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Ogbu KI, Mira F, Purpari G, Nwosuh C, Loria GR, Schirò G, Chiaramonte G, Tion MT, Di Bella S, Ventriglia G, Decaro N, Anene BM, Guercio A. Nearly full-length genome characterization of canine parvovirus strains circulating in Nigeria. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:635-647. [PMID: 31580520 PMCID: PMC7168533 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) emerged suddenly in the late 1970s as pathogen of dogs, causing a severe and often fatal gastroenteric disease. The original CPV‐2 was replaced by three antigenic variants, CPV‐2a, CPV‐2b and CPV‐2c, which to date have gained a worldwide distribution with different relative proportions. All previous studies conducted in Africa were based on partial VP2 gene sequences. The aim of this study was to provide a genome analysis to characterize the CPV strains collected in Nigeria, Africa. Rectal swab samples (n = 320) were collected in 2018 and tested by means of an immunochromatographic assay. Among the 144 positive samples, 59 were selected for further analyses using different molecular assays. The results revealed a high prevalence of CPV‐2c (91.5%) compared to the CPV‐2a variant (8.5%). The VP2 gene sequences showed a divergence from the strains analysed in 2010 in Nigeria and a closer connection with CPV strains of Asian origin. The non‐structural gene analysis evidenced amino acid changes never previously reported. The molecular analysis based on genomic sequences evidenced a geographical pattern of distribution of the analysed strains, suggesting a potential common evolutionary origin with CPV of Asian origin. This study represents the first CPV molecular characterization including all the encoding gene sequences conducted in the African continent and contributes to define the current geographical spread of the CPV variants worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ikejiofor Ogbu
- Department of Animal Health, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Chika Nwosuh
- Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Guido Ruggero Loria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Metthew Terzungwe Tion
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Boniface Maduka Anene
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
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Deng S, Zhiyong H, Mengjiao Z, Shuangqi F, Jingyuan Z, Yunzhen H, Hailuan X, Jinding C. Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of a new Porcine parvovirus strain GD2013 in China. J Virol Methods 2019; 275:113748. [PMID: 31605714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV), a causative agent of an infectious reproductive disorder causing stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death and infertility (SMEDI) syndrome in swine, is a threat to both domestic pigs and wild boars regardless of age and gender. Recent studies found that the observed average substitution rate in the PPV genome was close to those of the RNA viruses and new strains showing serological neutralization activities different from that of the vaccine strain NADL-2 have been reported. These observations have increased the need for the development of new commercial vaccine strains. In this study, a new PPV strain, GD2013, was isolated from Guangdong, China, and its entire genome sequenced. A phylogenetic tree based on the complete coding region of the genomes of 32 PPV strains was constructed using the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The results showed that strain GD2013 fell into the same phylogenetic cluster as the classical vaccine strains NADL-2 and POVCAP, suggesting a close relationship to the vaccine strains. Multiple sequence alignments and amino acid mutation analyses of the PPV VP2 gene revealed a new amino acid polymorphism site at Thr45 on VP2 that could be used to identify low virulence strains as vaccine candidates. Selective pressure analysis of the NS1 and VP2 genes by calculating the mean rates of non-synonymous substitutions (dN) over synonymous substitutions (dS) implied that both of these genes were under negative selection. Therefore, by using phylogenetic and amino acid mutation analyses, a likely candidate strain suitable for evaluation as an attenuated vaccine strain was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Han Zhiyong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhu Mengjiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fan Shuangqi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhang Jingyuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Huang Yunzhen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xu Hailuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chen Jinding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Di Martino B, Di Profio F, Melegari I, Marsilio F. Feline Virome-A Review of Novel Enteric Viruses Detected in Cats. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100908. [PMID: 31575055 PMCID: PMC6832874 DOI: 10.3390/v11100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the diagnostic and metagenomic investigations of the feline enteric environment have allowed the identification of several novel viruses that have been associated with gastroenteritis in cats. In the last few years, noroviruses, kobuviruses, and novel parvoviruses have been repetitively detected in diarrheic cats as alone or in mixed infections with other pathogens, raising a number of questions, with particular regards to their pathogenic attitude and clinical impact. In the present article, the current available literature on novel potential feline enteric viruses is reviewed, providing a meaningful update on the etiology, epidemiologic, pathogenetic, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of the infections caused by these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Di Martino
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Irene Melegari
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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40
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Viral agents related to enteric disease in commercial chicken flocks, with special reference to Latin America. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important pathogen causing severe diseases in dogs, including acute hemorrhagic enteritis, myocarditis, and cerebellar disease. Cross-species transmission of CPV occurs as a result of mutations on the viral capsid surface that alter the species-specific binding to the host receptor, transferrin receptor type-1 (TfR). The interaction between CPV and TfR has been extensively studied, and previous analyses have suggested that the CPV-TfR complex is asymmetric. To enhance the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, we determined the CPV-TfR interaction using cryo-electron microscopy to solve the icosahedral (3.0-Å resolution) and asymmetric (5.0-Å resolution) complex structures. Structural analyses revealed conformational variations of the TfR molecules relative to the binding site, which translated into dynamic molecular interactions between CPV and TfR. The precise footprint of the receptor on the virus capsid was identified, along with the identity of the amino acid residues in the virus-receptor interface. Our "rock-and-roll" model provides an explanation for previous findings and gives insights into species jumping and the variation in host ranges associated with new pandemics in dogs.
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42
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Choice of parvovirus model for validation studies influences the interpretation of the effectiveness of a virus filtration step. Biologicals 2019; 60:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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43
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Kokosinska A, Maboni G, Kelly KM, Molesan A, Sanchez S, Saliki JT, Rissi DR. Lymphoplasmacytic Meningoencephalitis and Neuronal Necrosis Associated With Parvoviral Infection in Cats. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:604-608. [PMID: 30917745 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819837723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurologic manifestations other than cerebellar hypoplasia are rarely associated with feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) infection in cats. Here the authors describe lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis and neuronal necrosis in 2 cats autopsied after exhibiting ataxia and nystagmus. Gross changes consisted of cerebellar herniation through the foramen magnum, with flattening of cerebrocortical gyri and narrowing of sulci. Histologically, lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis, extensive neuronal necrosis, and neuroaxonal degeneration with digestion chambers were present in the telencephalon and brain stem in both cats. Frozen brain tissue of both cats was positive for parvoviral antigen via fluorescent antibody testing, and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of brain were immunoreactive for parvovirus antigen and positive for parvoviral DNA on in situ hybridization. Frozen brain tissue from 1 case was positive for parvovirus NS1 and VP2 genes using conventional polymerase chain reaction, and subsequent DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the viral strain was a FPV. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue revealed high levels of parvovirus in both cases, supporting an acute and active viral infection. Although rare, FPV infection should be considered in cases of lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis and neuronal necrosis in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kokosinska
- 1 Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Grazieli Maboni
- 1 Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Kelly
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alex Molesan
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Susan Sanchez
- 1 Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jeremiah T Saliki
- 1 Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- 1 Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
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Fakhiri J, Schneider MA, Puschhof J, Stanifer M, Schildgen V, Holderbach S, Voss Y, El Andari J, Schildgen O, Boulant S, Meister M, Clevers H, Yan Z, Qiu J, Grimm D. Novel Chimeric Gene Therapy Vectors Based on Adeno-Associated Virus and Four Different Mammalian Bocaviruses. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 12:202-222. [PMID: 30766894 PMCID: PMC6360332 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parvoviruses are highly attractive templates for the engineering of safe, efficient, and specific gene therapy vectors, as best exemplified by adeno-associated virus (AAV). Another candidate that currently garners increasing attention is human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1). Notably, HBoV1 capsids can cross-package recombinant (r)AAV2 genomes, yielding rAAV2/HBoV1 chimeras that specifically transduce polarized human airway epithelia (pHAEs). Here, we largely expanded the repertoire of rAAV/BoV chimeras, by assembling packaging plasmids encoding the capsid genes of four additional primate bocaviruses, HBoV2–4 and GBoV (Gorilla BoV). Capsid protein expression and efficient rAAV cross-packaging were validated by immunoblotting and qPCR, respectively. Interestingly, not only HBoV1 but also HBoV4 and GBoV transduced pHAEs as well as primary human lung organoids. Flow cytometry analysis of pHAEs revealed distinct cellular specificities between the BoV isolates, with HBoV1 targeting ciliated, club, and KRT5+ basal cells, whereas HBoV4 showed a preference for KRT5+ basal cells. Surprisingly, primary human hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and T cells were also highly amenable to rAAV/BoV transduction. Finally, we adapted our pipeline for AAV capsid gene shuffling to all five BoV isolates. Collectively, our chimeric rAAV/BoV vectors and bocaviral capsid library represent valuable new resources to dissect BoV biology and to breed unique gene therapy vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fakhiri
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Hubrecht Institute and Oncode Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Megan Stanifer
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Research Group "Cellular Polarity of Viral Infection", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Schildgen
- Institute for Pathology, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Hospital of the Private University Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Holderbach
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannik Voss
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jihad El Andari
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schildgen
- Institute for Pathology, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Hospital of the Private University Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Research Group "Cellular Polarity of Viral Infection", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and Oncode Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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45
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Identification of a novel parvovirus in domestic cats. Vet Microbiol 2018; 228:246-251. [PMID: 30593374 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel protoparvovirus species was identified in domestic cats. The virus was distantly related to the well-known feline (feline panleukopenia virus) and canine (canine parvovirus type 2) parvoviruses, sharing low nucleotide identities in the capsid protein 2 (less than 43%). The virus was genetically similar (100% at the nucleotide level) to a newly identified canine protoparvovirus, genetically related to human bufaviruses. The feline bufavirus appeared as a common element of the feline virome, especially in juvenile cats, with an overall prevalence of 9.2%. The virus was more common in respiratory samples (9.5%-12.2%) than in enteric samples of cats (2.2%). The role of bufaviruses in the etiology of feline respiratory disease complex, either as a primary or a secondary agents, should be defined.
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46
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Development of a reverse genetics system for a feline panleukopenia virus. Virus Genes 2018; 55:95-103. [PMID: 30519855 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) infects cats and can be fatal to kittens. There is evidence that canine parvovirus originated from FPV, which makes FPV important in studies of the family Parvoviridae. In the present study, the entire genome of FPV strain HH-1/86 was converted into a full-length infectious clone (pFPV). The FPV strain HH-1/86 has a 5123-nt single stranded DNA genome with a Y-shaped inverted 3' terminal repeat (ITR) and a U-shaped inverted 5' ITR. Feline kidney cells (F81) were transfected with the pFPV clone which contained a genetic marker, and a rescued virus was obtained (rFPV). The rFPV was identified by its cytopathic effects, indirect immunofluorescence, growth curve analysis, western blot assay and hemagglutination, and was indistinguishable from the parent virus. The FPV infectious clone will facilitate the study of pathogenicity and viral replication of FPV and the inter-species transmission of parvoviruses.
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47
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Torre DDL, Nuñez LFN, Puga B, Parra SHS, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Ferreira AJP. Molecular Diagnostic of Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV) Affecting Broiler Flocks in Ecuador. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D De la Torre
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; Central University of Ecuador, Ecuador
| | - LFN Nuñez
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; Central University of Ecuador, Ecuador
| | - B Puga
- Central University of Ecuador, Ecuador
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48
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Kapgate SS, Kumanan K, Vijayarani K, Barbuddhe SB. Avian parvovirus: classification, phylogeny, pathogenesis and diagnosis. Avian Pathol 2018; 47:536-545. [PMID: 30246559 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1517938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poultry parvoviruses identified during the early 1980s are found worldwide in intestines from young birds with enteric disease syndromes as well as healthy birds. The chicken parvovirus (ChPV) and turkey parvovirus (TuPV) belong to the Aveparvovirus genus within the subfamily Parvovirinae. Poultry parvoviruses are small, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA viruses consisting of three open reading frames, the first two encoding the non-structural protein (NS) and nuclear phosphoprotein (NP) and the third encoding the viral capsid proteins 1 (VP1 and VP2). In contrast to other parvoviruses, the VP1-unique region does not contain the phospholipase A2 sequence motif. Recent experimental studies suggested the parvoviruses to be the candidate pathogens in cases of enteric disease syndrome. Current diagnostic methods for poultry parvovirus detection include PCR, real-time PCR, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant VP2 or VP1 capsid proteins. Moreover, sequence-independent amplification techniques combined with next-generation sequencing platforms have allowed rapid and simultaneous detection of the parvovirus from affected and healthy birds. There is no commercial vaccine; hence, the development of an effective vaccine to control the spread of infection should be of primary importance. This review presents the current knowledge on poultry parvoviruses with emphasis on taxonomy, phylogenetic relationship, genomic analysis, epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Kapgate
- a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - K Kumanan
- a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - K Vijayarani
- a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - Sukhadeo B Barbuddhe
- b Meat Safety Laboratory , ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat , Chengicherla, Hyderabad , India
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49
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Kim HH, Yang DK, Seo BH, Cho IS. Serosurvey of rabies virus, canine distemper virus, parvovirus, and influenza virus in military working dogs in Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2018. [PMID: 30068896 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18–0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2), and canine influenza A virus (CIV) are important contagious pathogens in canine populations. To assess post-vaccination immunity against RABV, CDV and CPV-2, and serological evidence of exposure to influenza A virus in military working dogs (MWDs) in Korea, we tested blood samples of 78 MWDs by fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) for RABV, and by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for CDV, CPV-2, and CIV. Korean MWDs had high antibody-positive rates against RABV (97.4%, ≥0.5 IU/ml), CDV (94.8%), and CPV (100%). All dogs tested seronegative (0/78; 0%) for influenza A virus. Two 1-year-old dogs stationed in known rabies outbreak areas (Gangwon and Gyeonggi) exhibited VNA titers below the protective level (0.06 and 0.29 IU/ml, respectively). The breed and sex of MWDs were not significantly associated with antibody titers for RABV, CDV, or CPV; however, age was significantly associated with CPV antibody titers, while region of residence was associated with CDV antibody titer. Taken together, the data presented here provide important insights necessary for post-vaccination management and control of infectious diseases in MWDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Seo
- Military Working Dog Training Center, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24408, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
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50
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Kim HH, Yang DK, Seo BH, Cho IS. Serosurvey of rabies virus, canine distemper virus, parvovirus, and influenza virus in military working dogs in Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1424-1430. [PMID: 30068896 PMCID: PMC6160881 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2), and canine influenza A virus (CIV) are important contagious pathogens in canine populations. To assess
post-vaccination immunity against RABV, CDV and CPV-2, and serological evidence of exposure to influenza A virus in military working dogs (MWDs) in Korea, we tested blood samples of 78 MWDs
by fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) for RABV, and by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for CDV, CPV-2, and CIV. Korean MWDs had high
antibody-positive rates against RABV (97.4%, ≥0.5 IU/ml), CDV (94.8%), and CPV (100%). All dogs tested seronegative (0/78; 0%) for influenza A virus. Two 1-year-old dogs
stationed in known rabies outbreak areas (Gangwon and Gyeonggi) exhibited VNA titers below the protective level (0.06 and 0.29 IU/ml, respectively). The breed and sex of
MWDs were not significantly associated with antibody titers for RABV, CDV, or CPV; however, age was significantly associated with CPV antibody titers, while region of residence was
associated with CDV antibody titer. Taken together, the data presented here provide important insights necessary for post-vaccination management and control of infectious diseases in
MWDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Seo
- Military Working Dog Training Center, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24408, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
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