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Kathpalia M, Mishra P, Majid A, Khan MA, Sharma A, Bhurani D, Nidhi. Attenuated adiponectin, omentin, increased interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels with altered cognition and depression in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients: A case-control study. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 392:578372. [PMID: 38788317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Immune dysfunction is one of the risk factors which plays an important role in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and inflammation may be involved in its etiology. Minimal data is available on the effect of cytokine levels on neurobehavioral function in lymphoma before the initiation of chemotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to explore the risk of NHL by assessment of cytokine and adipokine levels and their correlation with neurobehavioral changes. METHODS This case-control study enrolled 62 subjects (age-sex matched: 31 cases and 31 controls). Neurobehavioral assessment was done using Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaire (MoCA) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). EORTC Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to assess quality of life. Questionnaire assessment and sample collection were done after the patient enrolment and before first cycle of chemotherapy. RESULTS Mean age of NHL patients and healthy controls was 51.9 ± 11.8 and 50 ± 10.9 years, respectively. NHL patients showed significantly higher levels of IL-6 (0.77 ± 0.11) and TNF- α (1.47 ± 1.31) than controls (0.55 ± 0.4 and 0.66 ± 0.89, respectively) with p-value<0.005. Also, NHL patients showed significantly lower levels of adiponectin (0.31 ± 0.24) and omentin (0.46 ± 0.1) than controls (0.42 ± 0.13 and 0.53 ± 0.11, respectively) with p-value<0.005. Lower MoCA and EORTC QLQ C-30 scores and higher PHQ-9 scores were observed in NHL patients in comparison to healthy control. CONCLUSION Our results showed that adiponectin, omentin IL-6 and TNF-α may be used as pre-diagnostic markers of NHL risk. Neurobehavioral changes observed in NHL patients may alter the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghavi Kathpalia
- Department of Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pinki Mishra
- Department of Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Afsha Majid
- Department of Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Ashif Khan
- Department of Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Department of Statistics, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Bhurani
- Department of Haemato-oncology and BMT, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi
- Department of Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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Wang SS. Epidemiology and etiology of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Semin Hematol 2023; 60:255-266. [PMID: 38242772 PMCID: PMC10962251 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
As the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) incidence patterns generally parallel that for NHL overall. Globally, DLBCL accounts for a third of all NHLs, ranging between 20% and 50% by country. Based on United States (U.S.) cancer registry data, age-standardized incidence rate for DLBCL was 7.2 per 100,000. DLBCL incidence rises with age and is generally higher in males than females; in the U.S., incidence is highest among non-Hispanic whites (9.2/100,000). Like NHL incidence, DLBCL incidence rose in the first half of the 20th century but has largely plateaued. However, there is some evidence that incidence rates are rising in areas of historically low rates, such as Asia; there are also estimates for rising DLBCL incidence in the near future due to the changing demographics in developed countries whose aging population is growing. Established risk factors for DLBCL include those that result in severe immune deficiency such as HIV/AIDS, inherited immunodeficiency syndromes, and organ transplant recipients. Factors that lead to chronic immune dysregulations are also established risk factors, and include a number of autoimmune conditions (eg, Sjögren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis), viral infections (eg, HIV, KSHV/HHV8, HCV, EBV), and obesity. Family history of NHL/DLBCL, personal history of cancer, and multiple genetic susceptibility loci are also well-established risk factors for DLBCL. There is strong evidence for multiple environmental exposures in DLBCL etiology, including exposure to trichloroethylene, benzene, and pesticides and herbicides, with recent associations noted with glyphosate. There is also strong evidence for associations with other viruses, such as HBV. Recent estimates suggest that obesity accounts for nearly a quarter of DLBCLs that develop, but despite recent gains in the understanding of DLBCL etiology, the majority of disease remain unexplained. An understanding of the host and environmental contributions to disease etiology, and concerted efforts to expand our understanding to multiple race/ethnic groups, will be essential for constructing clinically relevant risk prediction models and develop effective strategies for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S Wang
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
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3
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Omar Osman I, Mezouar S, Brahim-Belhaouari D, Mege JL, Devaux CA. Modulation of the E-cadherin in human cells infected in vitro with Coxiella burnetii. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285577. [PMID: 37285354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High concentration of soluble E-cadherin (E-cad) was previously found in sera from Q fever patients. Here, BeWo cells which express a high concentration of E-cad were used as an in vitro model to investigate the expression and function of E-cad in response to infection by Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q fever. Infection of BeWo cells with C. burnetii leads to a decrease in the number of BeWo cells expressing E-cad at their membrane. A shedding of soluble E-cad was associated with the post-infection decrease of membrane-bound E-cad. The modulation of E-cad expression requires bacterial viability and was not found with heat-inactivated C. burnetii. Moreover, the intracytoplasmic cell concentration of β-catenin (β-cat), a ligand of E-cad, was reduced after bacterial infection, suggesting that the bacterium induces modulation of the E-cad/β-cat signaling pathway and CDH1 and CTNNB1 genes transcription. Finally, several genes operating the canonical Wnt-Frizzled/β-cat pathway were overexpressed in cells infected with C. burnetii. This was particularly evident with the highly virulent strain of C. burnetii, Guiana. Our data demonstrate that infection of BeWo cells by live C. burnetii modulates the E-cad/β-cat signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Omar Osman
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Djamal Brahim-Belhaouari
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Albert Devaux
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- CNRS, Marseille, France
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Câmara AB, Brandão IA. The Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment and Side Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2023; 19:PRA-EPUB-128894. [PMID: 36650656 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230117151757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper aims to review studies regarding side effects found during Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma treatment, to suggest the drug class most associated with these effects, as well as the most prevalent side effect grade. METHODS This review is registered in PROSPERO (IDCRD42022295774) and followed the PICOS strategy and PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and DOAJ. Medical Subject Headings Terms were used and quantitative studies with conclusive results regarding side effects during the non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment were selected. Patent information was obtained from google patents. RESULTS Monoclonal antibodies were the main drug class associated with side effects during NHL therapy. The combination of Rituximab (Rituxan®; patent EP1616572B) and iInotuzumab (Besponsa®; patent EP1504035B3) was associated with a higher incidence of thrombocytopenia (p<0.05), while the combination of Rituximab and Venetoclax (Venclexta®; patent CN107089981A) was associated with a higher incidence of neutropenia (p<0.05) when compared to Bendamustine combinations (Treanda ™; patent US20130253025A1). Meta-analysis revealed a high prevalence of grade 3-4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in men. Finally, Americans and Canadians experienced a higher prevalence of these side effects, when compared to others nationalities (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Patents regarding the use of monoclonal antibodies in NHL treatment were published in the last year. Monoclonal antibodies associated with neutropenia (grade 3-4) and thrombocytopenia, especially in North American men treated for NHL, and with an average age of 62 years demonstrated importance in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Barros Câmara
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
| | - Igor Augusto Brandão
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
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Sara DM, Minelli C, Broccia G, Vineis P, Cocco P. COVID-19 and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A common susceptibility pattern? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277588. [PMID: 36928185 PMCID: PMC10019614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the link between COVID-19 incidence, socio-economic covariates, and NHL incidence. DESIGN Ecological study design. SETTING Sardinia, Italy. PARTICIPANTS We used official reports on the total cases of COVID-19 in 2020, published data on NHL incidence, and socio-economic indicators by administrative unit, covering the whole regional population. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We used multivariable regression analysis to explore the association between the natural logarithm (ln) of the 2020 cumulative incidence of COVID-19 and the ln-transformed NHL incidence in 1974-2003, weighing by population size and adjusting by socioeconomic deprivation and other covariates. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 increased in relation to past incidence of NHL (p < 0.001), socioeconomic deprivation (p = 0.006), and proportion of elderly residents (p < 0.001) and decreased with urban residency (p = 0.001). Several sensitivity analyses confirmed the finding of an association between COVID-19 and NHL. CONCLUSION This ecological study found an ecological association between NHL and COVID-19. If further investigation would confirm our findings, shared susceptibility factors should be investigated among the plausible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Matteis Sara
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cosetta Minelli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Broccia
- Private Consultant, Former director of the Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplants, Hospital A. Businco, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Luo J, Craver A, Bahl K, Stepniak L, Moore K, King J, Zhang Y, Aschebrook-Kilfoy B. Etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A review from epidemiologic studies. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Złowocka-Perłowska E, van de Wetering T, Tołoczko-Grabarek A, Scott RJ, Lubiński J. Bladder cancer survival in patients with NOD2 or CDKN2A variants. Oncotarget 2022; 13:628-640. [PMID: 35478773 PMCID: PMC9037518 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The association between the NOD2 c.3020insC allele and CDKN2A missense variant c.442G>A (p.P.A148T) and survival of patients with bladder or kidney cancer remains controversial. Materials and Methods: We compared the allele frequencies of NOD2 c.3020insC and CDKN2A p.A148T allele in 706 patients with bladder cancer, 410 cases with kidney cancer against two control groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine whether there were any survival differences between carriers of the NOD2 c.3020insC or the CDKN2A p.A148T variant. Results: Among the three patient subgroups: patients under 60 years of age, non-smokers and a third with histological features of low grade noninvasive papillary bladder cancer, we observed that the c.3020insC allele had a nominal statistically significant effect on survival. We also observed that the NOD2 c.3020insC variant was more frequent in patients with bladder cancer aged between 51 and 60 years. There was some nominal evidence that the CDKN2A p.A148T polymorphism reduced survival in the subgroup of bladder cancer patients under 60 years of age. We observed that in kidney cancer patients, the incidence of the NOD2 variant appeared to be lower in the group aged between 60 and 70 years, however, this was not statistically significant. In addition, in patients with histological features of grade III chromophobic kidney cancer, the c.3020insC allele also appeared to be over-represented but this too was not statistically significant. Conclusion: We have shown that the NOD2 c.3020insC allele and the CDKN2A p.A148T polymorphism does not play a role in the survival of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Złowocka-Perłowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Thierry van de Wetering
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Aleksandra Tołoczko-Grabarek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Centre for Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, NSW Pathology, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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8
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Weehuizen JM, van Roeden SE, Hogewoning SJ, van der Hoek W, Bonten MJM, Hoepelman AIM, Bleeker-Rovers CP, Wever PC, Oosterheert JJ. No increased risk of mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma after Q fever detected: results from a 16-year ecological analysis of the Dutch population incorporating the 2007-2010 Q fever outbreak. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1481-1488. [PMID: 35352121 PMCID: PMC9557853 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A causative role of Coxiella burnetii (the causative agent of Q fever) in the pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been suggested, although supporting studies show conflicting evidence. We assessed whether this association is present by performing a detailed analysis on the risk of mature B-cell NHL after Q fever during and after the largest Q fever outbreak reported worldwide in the entire Dutch population over a 16-year period. METHODS We performed an ecological analysis. The incidence of mature B-cell NHL in the entire Dutch population from 2002 until 2017 was studied and modelled with reported acute Q fever cases as the determinant. The adjusted relative risk of NHL after acute Q fever as the primary outcome measure was calculated using a Poisson regression. RESULTS Between January 2002 and December 2017, 266 050 745 person-years were observed, with 61 424 diagnosed with mature B-cell NHL. In total, 4310 persons were diagnosed with acute Q fever, with the highest incidence in 2009. The adjusted relative risk of NHL after acute Q fever was 1.02 (95% CI 0.97-1.06, P = 0.49) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.89-1.07, P = 0.60), 0.99 (95% CI 0.87-1.12, P = 0.85) and 0.98 (95% 0.88-1.08, P = 0.67) for subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma or B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, respectively. Modelling with lag times (1-4 years) did not change interpretation. CONCLUSION We found no evidence for an association between C. burnetii and NHL after studying the risk of mature B-cell NHL after a large Q fever outbreak in Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper M Weehuizen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sonja E van Roeden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Wim van der Hoek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Marc J M Bonten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andy I M Hoepelman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre and Radboud Expertise Centre for Q fever, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter C Wever
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Jan Jelrik Oosterheert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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9
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D'mello KP, Zhao L, Kaser EC, Zhu Z, Xiao H, Wakefield MR, Bai Q, Fang Y. The role of interleukins and the widely studied TNF-α in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Med Oncol 2021; 38:56. [PMID: 33835307 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a relatively common cancer with malignant tendencies. Although there is no current cure for the disease, research has been successful in figuring out the mechanisms of how the disease progresses, however, there is still a lot of unknowns, and more research must be done to find the ultimate cause of the disease. Interleukins and various cytokines play unique roles in the development of cancer. This review article summarizes the pathophysiology between certain interleukins and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although TNF-α is not an interleukin, the article examines TNF-α due to its high correspondence with cancer. The article also describes a promising immunotherapy for the disease, while looking at immunotherapies that have been successful in other types of cancer and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P D'mello
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 2nd People's Hospital of Hefei and Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Erin C Kaser
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Huaping Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA.,The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Mark R Wakefield
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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10
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Harun-Or-Roshid M, Ali MB, Mollah MNH. Statistical meta-analysis to investigate the association between the Interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene polymorphisms and cancer risk. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247055. [PMID: 33684135 PMCID: PMC7939379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A good number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including meta-analyses, reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-6 gene are significantly associated with various types of cancer risks, though some other studies reported insignificant association with cancers, in the literature. These contradictory results may be due to variations in sample sizes and/or deficiency of statistical modeling. Therefore, an attempt is made to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the association between the IL-6 gene SNPs (rs1800795, rs1800796, rs1800797) and different cancer risks, giving the weight on a large sample size, including different cancer types and appropriate statistical modeling with the meta-dataset. In order to attain a more reliable consensus decision about the association between the IL-6 gene polymorphisms and different cancer risks, in this study, we performed a multi-case statistical meta-analysis based on the collected information of 118 GWAS studies comprising of 50053 cases and 65204 control samples. Results from this Meta-analysis indicated a significant association (p-value < 0.05) of the IL-6 gene rs1800796 polymorphism with an overall increased cancer risk. The subgroup analysis data based on cancer types exhibited significant association (p-value < 0.05) of the rs1800795 polymorphism with an overall increased risk of cervical, liver and prostate cancers; the rs1800796 polymorphism with lung, prostate and stomach cancers; and the rs1800797 polymorphism with cervical cancer. The subgroup analysis of ethnicity data showed a significant association (p-value < 0.05) of an overall cancer risk with the rs1800795 polymorphism for the African and Asian populations, the rs1800796 polymorphism for the Asian only and the rs1800797 polymorphism in the African population. Comparative discussion showed that our multi-case meta-analyses received more support than any previously reported individual meta-analysis about the association between the IL-6 gene polymorphisms and cancer risks. Results from this study, more confidently showed that the IL-6 gene SNPs (rs1800795, rs1800796 and rs1800797) in humans are associated with increased cancer risks. Therefore, these three polymorphisms of the IL-6 gene have the potential to be evaluated as a population based rapid, low-cost PCR prognostic biomarkers for different types of cancers diagnosis and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Harun-Or-Roshid
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Borqat Ali
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nurul Haque Mollah
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- * E-mail: (MNHM); (J)
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11
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Assis-Mendonça GR, Fattori A, Rocha RM, Lourenço GJ, Delamain MT, Nonogaki S, de Lima VCC, Colleoni GWB, de Souza CA, Soares FA, Lima CSP, Vassallo J. Single nucleotide variants in immune-response genes and the tumor microenvironment composition predict progression of mantle cell lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:209. [PMID: 33648463 PMCID: PMC7919095 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence to consider that the tumor microenvironment (TME) composition associates with antitumor immune response, and may predict the outcome of various non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. However, in the case of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a rare and aggressive disease, there is lacking a detailed study of the TME components, as well as an integrative approach among them in patients’ samples. Also, from the genetic point of view, it is known that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in immune-response genes are among important regulators of immunity. At present, it is uncertain whether SNVs in candidate immune-response genes and the TME composition are able to alter the prognosis in MCL. Methods We assessed a detailed TME composition in 88 MCL biopsies using immunohistochemistry, which was automatically analyzed by pixel counting (Aperio system). We also genotyped SNVs located in candidate immune-response genes (IL12A, IL2, IL10, TGFB1, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, IL17A, IL17F) in 95 MCL patients. We tested whether the SNVs could modulate the respective protein expression and TME composition in the tumor compartment. Finally, we proposed survival models in rituximab-treated patients, considering immunohistochemical and SNV models. Results High FOXP3/CD3 ratios (p = 0.001), high IL17A levels (p = 0.003) and low IL2 levels (p = 0.03) were individual immunohistochemical predictors of poorer survival. A principal component, comprising high quantities of macrophages and high Ki-67 index, also worsened outcome (p = 0.02). In the SNV model, the CC haplotype of IL10 (p < 0.01), the GG genotype of IL2 rs2069762 (p = 0.02) and the AA+AG genotypes of TGFBR2 rs3087465 (p < 0.01) were independent predictors of outcome. Finally, the GG genotype of TGFB1 rs6957 associated with lower tumor TGFβ levels (p = 0.03) and less CD163+ macrophages (p = 0.01), but did not modulate patients’ survival. Conclusions Our results indicate that the TME composition has relevant biological roles in MCL. In this setting, immunohistochemical detection of T-reg cells, IL17A and IL2, coupled with SNV genotyping in IL10, TGFBR2 and IL2, may represent novel prognostic factors in this disease, following future validations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07891-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Rossi Assis-Mendonça
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Distrito de Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - André Fattori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Malagoli Rocha
- Molecular Gynecology Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jacob Lourenço
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Suely Nonogaki
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cármino Antonio de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Vassallo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Distrito de Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Rede D'Or Hospitals Network - Pathology Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Investigative and Molecular Pathology (LIP), CIPED, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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12
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The Dark Side of the Force: When the Immune System Is the Fuel of Tumor Onset. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031224. [PMID: 33513730 PMCID: PMC7865698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is well accepted that inflammation is a critical player in cancer, being, in most cases, the main character of the process. Different types of tumor arise from sites of infection or chronic inflammation. This non-resolving inflammation is responsible for tumor development at different levels: it promotes tumor initiation, as well as tumor progression, stimulating both tumor growth and metastasis. Environmental factors, lifestyle and infections are the three main triggers of chronic immune activation that promote or increase the risk of many different cancers. In this review, we focus our attention on tumor onset; in particular, we summarize the knowledge about the cause and the mechanisms behind the inflammation-driven cancer development.
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13
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Cocco P, Satta G, Meloni F, Pilia I, Ahmed F, Becker N, Casabonne D, de Sanjosé S, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Staines A, 't Mannetje A, Zucca M, Ennas MG, Campagna M, De Matteis S, Benavente Y. Occupational exposure to organic dust and risk of lymphoma subtypes in the EPILYMPH case-control study. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021; 47:42-51. [PMID: 33103203 PMCID: PMC7801142 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to estimate the risk of lymphoma and its major subtypes in relation to occupational exposure to specific organic dusts. Methods We explored the association in 1853 cases and 1997 controls who participated in the EpiLymph case-control study, conducted in six European countries in 1998-2004. Based on expert assessment of lifetime occupational exposures, we calculated the risk of the major lymphoma subtypes associated with exposure to six specific organic dusts, namely, flour, hardwood, softwood, natural textile, synthetic textile, and leather, and two generic (any types) groups: wood and textile dusts. Risk was predicted with unconditional regression modeling, adjusted by age, gender, study center, and education. Results We observed a 2.1-fold increase in risk of follicular lymphoma associated with ever exposure to leather dust [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-4.20]. After excluding subjects who ever worked in a farm or had ever been exposed to solvents, risk of B-cell lymphoma was elevated in relation to ever exposure to leather dust [odd ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% CI 1.00-4.78], but it was not supported by increasing trends with the exposure metrics. Risk of Hodgkin lymphoma was elevated (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.95-4.30) for exposure to textile dust, with consistent upward trends by cumulative exposure and three independent exposure metrics combined (P=0.023, and P=0.0068, respectively). Conclusions Future, larger studies might provide further insights into the nature of the association we observed between exposure to textile dust and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Occupational Medicine unit, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari) Italy.
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14
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Biological and genetic landscape of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 47:942-951. [PMID: 33158639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an uncommon form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (cancer of the immune system) that can develop around breast implants. Breast implants are among the most commonly used medical devices for cosmetic or reconstructive purposes. In the past few years, the number of women with breast implants diagnosed with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) has increased, and several studies have suggested a direct association between breast implants and an increased risk of this disease. Although it has been hypothesized that chronic stimulation of the immune system caused by implant materials and biofilms as well as a possible genetic predisposition play an important role in this disease, the cellular and molecular causes of BIA-ALCL are not fully understood. This review aims to describe the current understanding around the environmental and molecular drivers of BIA-ALCL as well as the genetic and chromosomal abnormalities identified in this disease to date.
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15
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Flümann R, Rehkämper T, Nieper P, Pfeiffer P, Holzem A, Klein S, Bhatia S, Kochanek M, Kisis I, Pelzer BW, Ahlert H, Hauer J, da Palma Guerreiro A, Ryan JA, Reimann M, Riabinska A, Wiederstein J, Krüger M, Deckert M, Altmüller J, Klatt AR, Frenzel LP, Pasqualucci L, Béguelin W, Melnick AM, Sander S, Montesinos-Rongen M, Brunn A, Lohneis P, Büttner R, Kashkar H, Borkhardt A, Letai A, Persigehl T, Peifer M, Schmitt CA, Reinhardt HC, Knittel G. An Autochthonous Mouse Model of Myd88- and BCL2-Driven Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Reveals Actionable Molecular Vulnerabilities. Blood Cancer Discov 2020; 2:70-91. [PMID: 33447829 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-19-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on gene expression profiles, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is sub-divided into germinal center B cell-like (GCB) and activated B cell-like (ABC) DLBCL. Two of the most common genomic aberrations in ABC-DLBCL are mutations in MYD88, as well as BCL2 copy number gains. Here, we employ immune phenotyping, RNA-Seq and whole exome sequencing to characterize a Myd88 and Bcl2-driven mouse model of ABC-DLBCL. We show that this model resembles features of human ABC-DLBCL. We further demonstrate an actionable dependence of our murine ABC-DLBCL model on BCL2. This BCL2 dependence was also detectable in human ABC-DLBCL cell lines. Moreover, human ABC-DLBCLs displayed increased PD-L1 expression, compared to GCB-DLBCL. In vivo experiments in our ABC-DLBCL model showed that combined venetoclax and RMP1-14 significantly increased the overall survival of lymphoma bearing animals, indicating that this combination may be a viable option for selected human ABC-DLBCL cases harboring MYD88 and BCL2 aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Flümann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Rehkämper
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pascal Nieper
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pauline Pfeiffer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessandra Holzem
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klein
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Kochanek
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilmars Kisis
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benedikt W Pelzer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heinz Ahlert
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Hauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandra da Palma Guerreiro
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeremy A Ryan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Maurice Reimann
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum - MKFZ, Virchow Campus, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arina Riabinska
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janica Wiederstein
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Deckert
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Neuropathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas R Klatt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas P Frenzel
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Sandrine Sander
- Adaptive Immunity and Lymphoma Group, German Cancer Research Center/National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Montesinos-Rongen
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Neuropathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Brunn
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Neuropathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Lohneis
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthony Letai
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Peifer
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,University of Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum - MKFZ, Virchow Campus, Berlin, Germany.,Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Medical Department of Hematology and Oncology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK partner site Essen), Essen, Germany
| | - Gero Knittel
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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16
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Parra-Soto S, Ho FK, Pell JP, Celis-Morales C. Does insulin-like growth factor moderate the association between height and risk of cancer at 24 sites? Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1697-1704. [PMID: 32921791 PMCID: PMC7686481 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether the association of height with cancers differs by insulin-like growth factors has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sex-specific associations between height and 24 site-specific cancers and to assess whether the association differed by IGF-1. Methods In total, 414,923 participants from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study were included. The association of height (per 5-cm increment) with incidence and mortality from 24 cancer sites was investigated by using Cox proportional hazard models. Results The median follow-up was 6.0 years. In men, height was positively associated with incidence risk of all-cause cancer and at five sites (lung, lymphatic, leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and melanoma). In women, it was associated with breast, melanoma, lymphatic, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and all-cause cancer. The association was stronger in women than men for all-cause cancer incidence. The strength of the association did not differ by IGF-1 concentration. Conclusions Adult height was associated with risk of several cancer sites. However, some of these associations were sex-specific. There was no strong evidence to support IGF-1 moderating the association between height and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Parra-Soto
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Frederick K Ho
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK. .,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK. .,Centre of Exercise Physiology Research (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile. .,Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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17
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Al-Khatib SM, Abdo N, Al-Eitan LN, Al-Mistarehi AHW, Zahran DJ, Kewan TZ. LTA, LEP, and TNF-a Gene Polymorphisms are Associated with Susceptibility and Overall Survival of Diffuse Large B-Cell lymphoma in an Arab Population: A Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2783-2791. [PMID: 32986381 PMCID: PMC7779465 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.9.2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between five selected proinflammatory and immune-mediated genes (TNF rs1800629G>A, rs361525G>A, rs1799964T>C, LTA rs1800683G>A, rs909253A>G, TNFAIP8 rs1042541C>T, LEPR rs1327118G>C, and LEP rs2167270G>A) and the risk and overall survival of DLBCL patients within the Jordanian Arab population. Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients (125) diagnosed with DLBCL at the King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) between 2013 and 2018 and 238 healthy cancer-free control subjects with similar geographic and ethnic backgrounds to the patients were included in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of the subjects and from peripheral blood samples of the controls. The Sequenom MassARRAY® sequencer system (iPLEX GOLD) was used. The analyses included assessments of population variability and survival. Results: Our study showed significant differences in the distribution of the studied polymorphisms of DLBCL between the patients and controls for TNF rs1800629G>A, LTA rs909253 G>A and LEP rs2167270 G>A. TNF rs1800629G>A (p = 0.01), in which the G allele harbors a higher risk of DLBCL (GG and GA genotypes when compared with AA genotype) (p = 0.044). The LTA rs909253 A>G polymorphism is associated with a higher risk of DLBCL in the allelic model (p = .004). LEP rs2167270 G>A polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of DLBCL in the recessive mode models (p = .03). Subjects with the dominant model for TNF-a rs1799964 (TT genotype in comparison with the combined TT/TC genotype) and patients with the homozygous genotype (GG) of rs361525 have better overall survival rates. Conclusion: Our results confirmed the diversity and the heterogeneity of the disease. Although the study has a limitation because of its relatively small size, it clearly emphasizes the significance of ancestry and genetic composition as the determinants of DLBCL risk and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib M Al-Khatib
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nour Abdo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Laith N Al-Eitan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Hameed W Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Deeb Jamil Zahran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tariq Zuheir Kewan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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18
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An integrative microenvironment approach for follicular lymphoma: roles of inflammatory cell subsets and immune-response polymorphisms on disease clinical course. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3153-3173. [PMID: 32913559 PMCID: PMC7443366 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in follicular lymphoma (FL) has produced conflicting results due to assessment of limited TME subpopulations, and because of heterogeneous treatments among different cohorts. Also, important genetic determinants of immune response, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), remain underexplored in this disease. We performed a detailed study of the TME in 169 FL biopsies using immunohistochemistry, encompassing lymphocytes, macrophages, and cytokines. We also genotyped 16 SNPs within key immune-response genes (IL12A, IL2, IL10, TGFB1, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, IL17A, and IL17F) in 159 patients. We tested associations between SNPs, clinicopathological features and TME composition, and proposed survival models in R-CHOP/R-CVP-treated patients. Presence of the IL12A rs568408 "A" allele associated with the follicular pattern of FOXP3+ cells. The IL12A AA haplotype included rs583911 and rs568408 and was an independent predictor of worse survival, together with the follicular patterns of T-cells (FOXP3+ and CD8+) and high IL-17F tumor levels. The patterns of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells, displayed as a principal component, also associated with survival. Hierarchical clustering of the TME proteins demonstrated a cluster that was associated with worse prognosis (tumors enriched in IL-17A, IL-17F, CD8, PD1, and Ki-67). The survival of FL patients who were treated in the rituximab era shows a strong dependence on TME signals, especially the T-cell infiltration patterns and IL-17F tumor levels. The presence of the AA haplotype of IL12A in the genome of FL patients is an additional prognostic factor that may modulate the composition of T-reg cells in this disease.
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19
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Ali YBM, Moussa SG, Shahen SM, Dewir MA, El-Sayed IH. Association between interleukin-6 gene polymorphism and iron regulation in hemodialysis patients infected with HCV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 42:437-447. [PMID: 32720970 PMCID: PMC7860661 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Hepcidin is related to the pathogenesis of chronic renal failure anemia, which is considered a chronic inflammatory state as well as HCV infection. IL-6 stimulates the release of hepcidin from the liver, suppresses intestinal iron uptake, and releases iron from internal stores. METHOD To detect the association between IL-6 gene polymorphism and anemia markers, 80 hemodialysis (HD) patients [40 negative HCV HD patients and 40 positive HCV HD patients] were studied by routine chemistry and complete blood count, in addition to the assessment of serum hepcidin, iron parameters [serum iron and serum ferritin], and hepatitis C markers. IL-6 polymorphism -174G/C was determined by MS-PCR, while IL-6 polymorphisms -597G/A and -572 G/C were detected by PCR-SSP. RESULTS Hepcidin was non-significantly elevated in HCV-positive compared with HCV-negative hemodialysis patients. A statistically significant difference was detected between the negative and positive HCV HD patients in frequencies of IL-6 -174 G/C and -597 G/A (P≤ 0.01 and P≤ 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, a non-significant difference was reported between negative and positive HCV HD patients in the frequencies of IL-6 -572 G/C. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that IL-6 -174 G/C and -597 G/A polymorphisms may play a role in HCV susceptibility in HD patients. Additional prospective studies on a larger population are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser B M Ali
- University of Sadat City, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBR), Molecular Biology Department, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Saad G Moussa
- University of Sadat City, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBR), Molecular Biology Department, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Samar M Shahen
- University of Sadat City, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBR), Molecular Biology Department, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Dewir
- Desouk General Hospital, Hemodialysis Unit, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H El-Sayed
- Kafr El-Sheikh University, Faulty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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20
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The Association of Pre-diagnostic Inflammatory Markers and Adipokines and the Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Development in Egypt. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2020; 37:76-81. [PMID: 33707838 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-020-01305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is an etiologically, clinically, and histologically heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders. Immune dysfunction is a well-known risk factor and dysregulation of cytokines may mediate disease progression. Obesity is one of the important relations connecting immune system abnormalities and lymphomagenesis. We conducted a study to find out the association between obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI), and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) development by assessment the of inflammatory cytokines levels, (IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma and CRP) and adipokines levels (leptin and adiponectin). Also, to predict the effect of higher BMI on the incidence of NHL. The study included 180 NHL patients and 172 healthy controls. The inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ & CRP) together with adiponectin were assessed by ELISA technique. IL-6, IL-10, CRP, IFN-γ and Adiponectin were statistically higher in cases than control. A positive significant difference of Leptin (p-value 0.001) was found with higher levels in patients with BMI (≥ 25 kg/m2) than in patients with < 25 kg/m2. IL-6, IL-10, CRP, IFN-γ and Adiponectin could be implicated in lymphomagenesis in Egyptian NHL. The study results support the hypothesis that obesity has a major role in the development of NHL. An association between Leptin and NHL risk with higher levels in patients with BMI (≥ 25 kg/m2) was proved.
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21
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Wadé NB, Chang CM, Conti D, Millstein J, Skibola C, Nieters A, Wang SS, De Sanjose S, Kane E, Spinelli JJ, Bracci P, Zhang Y, Slager S, Wang J, Hjalgrim H, Smedby KE, Brown EE, Jarrett RF, Cozen W. Infectious mononucleosis, immune genotypes, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): an InterLymph Consortium study. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:451-462. [PMID: 32124188 PMCID: PMC7534692 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We explored the interaction between non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), infectious mononucleosis (IM) history, and immune-related genotypes in a pooled case-control analysis. METHODS A total of 7,926 NHL patients and 10,018 controls from 12 case-control studies were included. Studies were conducted during various time periods between 1988 and 2008, and participants were 17-96 years of age at the time of ascertainment/recruitment. Self-reported IM history and immune response genotypes were provided by the InterLymph Data Coordinating Center at Mayo Clinic. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression, and interactions were estimated using the empirical Bayes method. PACT was used to account for multiple comparisons. RESULTS There was evidence of an interaction effect between IM history and two variants on T-cell lymphoma (TCL) risk: rs1143627 in interleukin-1B (IL1B) (pinteraction = 0.04, ORinteraction = 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01, 0.87) and rs1800797 in interleukin-6 (IL6) (pinteraction = 0.03, ORinteraction = 0.08, 95% CI 0.01, 0.80). Neither interaction effect withstood adjustment for multiple comparisons. There were no statistically significant interactions between immune response genotypes and IM on other NHL subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Genetic risk variants in IL1B and IL6 may affect the association between IM and TCL, possibly by influencing T-cell activation, growth, and differentiation in the presence of IM, thereby decreasing risk of immune cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niquelle Brown Wadé
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cigna Health and Life Insurance Company (Cigna), Bloomfield, CT, USA
| | - Cindy M Chang
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Millstein
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine Skibola
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia S Wang
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Silvia De Sanjose
- Sexual and Reproductive Health, PATH, Seattle, WA, USA
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleanor Kane
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paige Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Ekstrom Smedby
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden University Hospital, Karolinska University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth E Brown
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ruth F Jarrett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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22
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Sutton E, De Santis D, Hay L, McKinnon E, D'Orsogna L, Joske D. Correlating HLA associations with follicular lymphoma in an Australian data set: A pilot study. HLA 2020; 96:192-193. [PMID: 32342606 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwina Sutton
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dianne De Santis
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Louise Hay
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth McKinnon
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lloyd D'Orsogna
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D Joske
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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23
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Mahdavi Sharif P, Jabbari P, Razi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Rezaei N. Importance of TNF-alpha and its alterations in the development of cancers. Cytokine 2020; 130:155066. [PMID: 32208336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TNF-alpha is involved in many physiologic and pathologic cellular pathways, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, and death, regulation of immunologic reactions to different cells and molecules, local and vascular invasion of neoplasms, and destruction of tumor vasculature. It is obvious that because of integrated functions of TNF-alpha inside different physiologic systems, it cannot be used as a single-agent therapy for neoplasms; however, long-term investigation of its different cellular pathways has led to recognition of a variety of subsequent molecules with more specific interactions, and therefore, might be suitable as prognostic and therapeutic factors for neoplasms. Here, we will review different aspects of the TNF-alpha as a cytokine involved in both physiologic functions of cells and pathologic abnormalities, most importantly, cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Mahdavi Sharif
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Jabbari
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, UK.
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24
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Jones SJ, Stroshein S, Williams AM, Liu D, Spinelli JJ, Connors JM, Brooks-Wilson AR. Birth Order, Sibship Size, Childhood Environment and Immune-Related Disorders, and Risk of Lymphoma in Lymphoid Cancer Families. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1168-1178. [PMID: 32169998 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial aggregation of lymphoid cancers and immune-related disorders suggests a role for genetic susceptibility; however, few studies examine environmental factors. According to the hygiene hypothesis, adult-onset immune-related diseases may be a consequence of reduced childhood infectious exposures and aberrant immune development. In a cohort of 196 multiple-case lymphoid cancer families, we analyzed environmental factors related to the hygiene hypothesis. METHODS Family structure, childhood environment, and immune-related disorders were examined among 196 lymphoid cancer families, in relation to risk of lymphoid cancer. We report on 450 lymphoid cancer cases and 1,018 unaffected siblings using logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association. RESULTS The risk of lymphoma tended to decrease with later birth order (OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78-0.89) and larger sibship size (OR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.79-0.85). High maternal education, above average family income during childhood, allergies (OR = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.44-3.51), and tonsillectomy (OR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.14-2.78) were independent risk factors for lymphoma. Familial lymphoid cancer cases were more likely to report environment (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.21-2.98) and drug (OR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.41-3.73) allergies. CONCLUSIONS These associations underscore the complex etiology of familial lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the largest multiple-case family-based study that supports the hygiene hypothesis contributing to lymphoid cancer risk. IMPACT Understanding the mechanism by which environmental and lifestyle factors affect lymphoid cancer risk may advance cancer prevention, even in the familial context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sumara Stroshein
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy M Williams
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dongmeng Liu
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph M Connors
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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The Impact of IL-6 and IL-10 Gene Polymorphisms in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Risk and Overall Survival in an Arab Population: A Case-Control Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020382. [PMID: 32046104 PMCID: PMC7072608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphomas can be classified as Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). The incidence of NHL is variable and affected by age, gender, racial, and geographic factors. There is strong evidence that the immune-regulatory cytokines have a major role in hematologic malignancies. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two selected cytokines (IL-6 rs1800795G > C, rs1800796G > C, rs1800797G > A, IL-10 rs1800871G > A, rs1800872G > T, rs1800890A > T, rs1800896T > C) and the risk and overall survival of DLBCL patients in a Jordanian Arab population. One hundred and twenty-five DLBCL patients diagnosed at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) from the period 2013–2018 and 238 matched healthy controls were included in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Genotyping of the genetic polymorphisms was conducted using a sequencing protocol. Our study showed no significant differences in the distribution of all studied polymorphisms of DLBCL between patients and controls. The IL-6 rs1800797 was the only SNP to show significant survival results, DLBCL subjects with the codominant model (GG/AG/AA) genotypes and recessive model (AA genotype in comparison with the combined GG/GA genotype) had worse overall survival (p = 0.028 and 0.016, respectively).
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26
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Noureldine HA, Nour-Eldine W, Hodroj MH, Noureldine MHA, Taher A, Uthman I. Hematological malignancies in connective tissue diseases. Lupus 2020; 29:225-235. [PMID: 31933408 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319899986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has profound tumor-promoting effects. Inflammatory cells are the key players in immunosurveillance against tumors, and immunosuppression is known to increase the risk of tumors. Autoimmune diseases, which manifest as loss of self-tolerance and chronic immune dysregulation, provide a perfect environment for tumor development. Aside from managing the direct inflammatory consequences of autoimmune pathogenesis, cancer risk profiles should be considered as a part of a patient's treatment. In this review, we describe the various associations of malignancies with autoimmune diseases, specifically systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and Sjögren's syndrome, as well as discuss the mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Noureldine
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - W Nour-Eldine
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - M H Hodroj
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M H A Noureldine
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Brain Protection Sciences, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, USA
| | - A Taher
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - I Uthman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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27
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Tayel MY, Nazir A, Abdelhamid IM, Helmy MAS, Zaki NE, Elsharkawy NS, Fayad AI. TNF-α -308 G>A and IL10 -1082A>G polymorphisms as potential risk factors for lymphoproliferative disorders in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-019-0043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chronic inflammation with sustained unregulated immune stimulation in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) may be a risk factor for developing lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD). Markers of ARD activity as high erythrocyte sedimentation rate or erosive joint diseases and the development of B-symptoms were accounted as risk factors for LPD development. We investigated the association of five inflammatory cytokine genes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): TNF-α -308G>A; TGF-β1 gene codon 10 T>C and 25 G>C; IL-10 promoter SNPs -1082 A>G, -819T>C, and -592A>C; IL-6 -174G>C; and IFN-γ 874 T>A with the risk of LPD development in ARD patients. The study was conducted on 70 patients divided into group I, 25 ARD patients diagnosed as RA (n = 15) and SLE (n = 10) and with no history of malignancy; group II, 25 patients diagnosed with LPD and had no ARD; and group III, 20 patients diagnosed with both diseases: ARD and LPD. Cytokine genotyping was analyzed by PCR-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP).
Results
ARD+LPD patients had significantly higher frequency of TNF-α -308A allele and AA+AG genotype (high TNF-α producers) and IL-10 -1082A allele and AA genotype (low IL-10 producers) than ARD patients (p = 0.003, p = 0.024, p = 0.003, p = 0.03, respectively) with a significantly increased risk of LPD development in ARD patients expressing the corresponding alleles and genotypes. No significant differences were detected in the distribution frequency of either TGF-β1, IL-6, or IFN-γ SNPs between groups I and III or any of the studied SNPs between groups II and III. The distribution frequency of IL-10 ATA haplotype was significantly increased in group III as compared to group I (p = 0.037).
Conclusion
The significantly increased frequency of the high-TNF-α- and low-IL-10-producing alleles and genotypes in ARD patients may participate in the provision of a proinflammatory milieu that eventually increases the risk of LPD development.
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28
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Adegunsoye A, Oldham JM, Bonham C, Hrusch C, Nolan P, Klejch W, Bellam S, Mehta U, Thakrar K, Pugashetti JV, Husain AN, Montner SM, Straus CM, Vij R, Sperling AI, Noth I, Strek ME, Chung JH. Prognosticating Outcomes in Interstitial Lung Disease by Mediastinal Lymph Node Assessment. An Observational Cohort Study with Independent Validation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 199:747-759. [PMID: 30216085 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201804-0761oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Mediastinal lymph node (MLN) enlargement on chest computed tomography (CT) is prevalent in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and may reflect immunologic activation and subsequent cytokine-mediated immune cell trafficking. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether MLN enlargement on chest CT predicts clinical outcomes and circulating cytokine levels in ILD. METHODS MLN measurements were obtained from chest CT scans of patients with ILD at baseline evaluation over a 10-year period. Patients with sarcoidosis and drug toxicity-related ILD were excluded. MLN diameter and location were assessed. Plasma cytokine levels were analyzed in a subset of patients. The primary outcome was transplant-free survival (TFS). Secondary outcomes included all-cause and respiratory hospitalizations, lung function, and plasma cytokine concentrations. Cox regression was used to assess mortality risk. Outcomes were assessed in three independent ILD cohorts. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Chest CT scans were assessed in 1,094 patients (mean age, 64 yr; 52% male). MLN enlargement (≥10 mm) was present in 66% (n = 726) and strongly predicted TFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.10; P = 0.008) and risk of all-cause and respiratory hospitalizations (internal rate of return [IRR], 1.52; 95% CI, 1.17-1.98; P = 0.002; and IRR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.15-2.53; P = 0.008, respectively) when compared with subjects with MLN <10 mm. Patients with MLN enlargement had lower lung function and decreased plasma concentrations of soluble CD40L (376 pg/ml vs. 505 pg/ml, P = 0.001) compared with those without MLN enlargement. Plasma IL-10 concentration >45 pg/ml predicted mortality (HR, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.21-14.68; P = 0.024). Independent analysis of external datasets confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS MLN enlargement predicts TFS and hospitalization risk in ILD and is associated with decreased levels of a key circulating cytokine, soluble CD40L. Incorporating MLN and cytokine findings into current prediction models might improve ILD prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin M Oldham
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Catherine Bonham
- 1 Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Cara Hrusch
- 1 Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Shashi Bellam
- 4 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and
| | - Uday Mehta
- 5 Department of Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; and
| | - Kiran Thakrar
- 5 Department of Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; and
| | - Janelle Vu Pugashetti
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | | | | | | | - Rekha Vij
- 1 Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Anne I Sperling
- 1 Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine.,7 Committee on Immunology, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Imre Noth
- 8 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mary E Strek
- 1 Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
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Qu Q, Li Y, Fang X, Zhang L, Xue C, Ge X, Wang X, Jiang Y. Differentially expressed tRFs in CD5 positive relapsed & refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma and the bioinformatic analysis for their potential clinical use. Biol Direct 2019; 14:23. [PMID: 31775867 PMCID: PMC6882323 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-019-0255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients diagnosed as diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with CD5 positive normally have a worse outcome and poorly respond to the regulatory treatment strategy. Results We recently reported differently expressed tRFs and their potential target-genes of tRFs in patients with CD5+ R/R DLBCL. Differently expressed tRFs were detected by Illumina NextSeq instrument and the results were verified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. tRF2Cancer database was searched to compared with the results. Further research was performed through bio-informatic analysis including gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses, etc. A total of 308 tRFs were identified. Two sequences (AS-tDR-008946, AS-tDR-013492) were chosen for further investigated. Conclusions The results of Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the target genes including NEDD4L and UBA52 and several associated pathways including PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK might be involved in the development of CD5+ R/R DLBCL. Our preliminary study on the associated tRFs might provide a valuable measure to explore the pathogenesis and progression of CD5+ R/R DLBCL. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Zhen Qing Ye, Nagarajan Raju and Jin Zhuang Dou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Qu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Ge
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Jones JL, Hanby AM, Wells C, Calaminici M, Johnson L, Turton P, Deb R, Provenzano E, Shaaban A, Ellis IO, Pinder SE. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): an overview of presentation and pathogenesis and guidelines for pathological diagnosis and management. Histopathology 2019; 75:787-796. [PMID: 31166611 DOI: 10.1111/his.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an uncommon complication associated largely with textured implants. It is important that the symptoms associated with BIA-ALCL are recognised and that robust pathways are in place to establish the diagnosis. The aim of this paper is to review what is known of the incidence of the disease, current thoughts on pathogenesis, patterns of presentation and pathological features to provide standard guidelines for its diagnosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Systematic review of the literature via PubMed covering cases series, modes of presentation, cytological, histological and immunohistochemical features and disease outcome. Since 1997, 518 cases throughout 25 countries have been registered on the American Society of Plastic Surgeons PROFILE registry, with an estimated risk for women with an implant of one to three per million per year. It most frequently presents as a late-onset accumulation of seroma fluid, sometimes as a mass lesion. The neoplastic cells are highly atypical, consistently strongly positive for CD30, with 43-90% also positive for EMA, and all are ALK-negative. Behaviour is best predicted using a staging system for solid tumours. CONCLUSION BIA-ALCL is a rare but important complication of breast implants. While characterised by CD30-positive neoplastic cells this must be interpreted with care, and we provide pathological guidelines for the robust diagnosis of this lesion as well as the most appropriate staging system and management strategies. Finally, in order to generate more accurate data on incidence, we recommend mechanisms for the routine central reporting of all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louise Jones
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrew M Hanby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Clive Wells
- Department of Histopathology, Rockefeller Building, University College Hospital London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marie Calaminici
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Laura Johnson
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
| | - Philip Turton
- Breast Unit, St James's Hospital, The Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Rahul Deb
- Department of Histopathology, Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Elena Provenzano
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Abeer Shaaban
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Histopathology, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sarah E Pinder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Zhong C, Cozen W, Bolanos R, Song J, Wang SS. The role of HLA variation in lymphoma aetiology and survival. J Intern Med 2019; 286:154-180. [PMID: 31155783 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic and laboratory evidence has consistently supported a strong inflammatory and immune component for lymphoma aetiology. These studies have consistently implicated variation in the immune gene, human leucocyte antigen (HLA), to be associated with lymphoma risk. In this review, we summarize the historical and recent evidence of HLA in both lymphoma aetiology and survival. The recent momentum in uncovering HLA associations has been propelled by the conduct of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which has permitted the evaluation of imputed HLA alleles in much larger sample sizes than historically feasible with allelotyping studies. Based on the culmination of smaller HLA typing studies and larger GWAS, we now recognize several HLA associations with Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and their subtypes. Although other genetic variants have also been implicated with lymphoma risk, it is notable that HLA associations have been reported in every NHL and HL subtype evaluated to date. Both HLA class I and class II alleles have been linked with NHL and HL risk. It is notable that the associations identified are largely specific to each lymphoma subtype. However, pleiotropic HLA associations have also been observed. For example, rs10484561, which is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DRB1*01:01˜DQA1*01:01˜DQB1*05:01, has been implicated in increased FL and DLBCL risk. Opposing HLA associations across subtypes have also been reported, such as for HLA-A*01:01 which is associated with increased risk of EBV-positive cHL but decreased risk of EBV-negative cHL and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small cell lymphoma. Due to extensive linkage disequilibrium and allele/haplotypic variation across race/ethnicities, identification of causal alleles/haplotypes remains challenging. Follow-up functional studies are needed to identify the specific immunological pathways responsible in the multifactorial aetiology of HL and NHL. Correlative studies linking HLA alleles with known molecular subtypes and HLA expression in the tumours are also needed. Finally, additional association studies investigating HLA diversity and lymphoma survival are also required to replicate initial associations reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhong
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - W Cozen
- Genetic Epidemiology Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Bolanos
- Genetic Epidemiology Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S S Wang
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Xia H, Chen Y, Meng J, Liang C. Effect of polymorphism on IL1A to cancer susceptibility: Evidence based on 34,016 subjects. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:3138-3152. [PMID: 31359795 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1646750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xia
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Aissani B, Martinez-Maza O, Kaslow RA, Wiener HW, Bream JH, Stosor V, Martinson JJ, Jacobson LP, Shrestha S. Increasing Levels of Serum Heat Shock Protein 70 Precede the Development of AIDS-Defining Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Among Carriers of HLA-B8-DR3. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 81:266-273. [PMID: 31026237 PMCID: PMC6587227 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that carriage of presumably high Hsp70-producing gene variants on a specific human major histocompatibility complex haplotype, the 8.1 ancestral haplotype (8.1AH), may predispose HIV-infected individuals to AIDS-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). SETTING We compared serum Hsp70 levels in the years preceding the diagnosis of AIDS-NHL in a matched case-control study (n = 151 pairs) nested in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS We tested the impact of 8.1AH-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and joint SNP-human leukocyte antigen extended haplotypes previously associated with AIDS-NHL in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study on the circulating Hsp70 levels in mixed linear models. RESULTS We report elevated serum levels of Hsp70 in the 4 years preceding the diagnosis of AIDS-NHL in cases that carry 8.1AH, but not in noncarrier cases and not in carrier- or non-carrier-matched controls. The strongest predictor of higher serum Hsp70 was the haplotype A-G-A-C formed by SNPs rs537160(A) and rs1270942(G) in the complement factor CFB gene cluster, and rs2072633(A) and rs6467(C) in nearby RDBP and CYP21A2 located 70 Kb apart from the Hsp70 gene cluster. The association with A-G-A-C haplotype (beta = 0.718; standard error = 0.182; P = 0.0002) and with other 8.1AH-specific haplotypes including the high-producing tumor necrosis factor-alpha haplotype rs909253(G)-rs1800629(A) (beta = 0.308; standard error = 0.140; P = 0.032) were observed only with NHL identified as an AIDS-defining condition, but not as a post-AIDS condition, nor in combined AIDS and post-AIDS cases. CONCLUSION Our combined genetic and functional approach suggests that the altered level of Hsp70 is a correlate of 8.1AH-mediated AIDS-NHL. Further investigation of the Hsp70 gene cluster and nearby loci that are tagged by A-G-A-C could better elucidate the genetic determinants of the malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Aissani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Otoniel Martinez-Maza
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics; and
- Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard A. Kaslow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Currently Professor Emeritus of Epidemiology
| | - Howard W. Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jay H. Bream
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Jeremy J. Martinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and
| | - Lisa P. Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Zhong C, Gragert L, Maiers M, Hill BT, Garcia-Gomez J, Gendzekhadze K, Senitzer D, Song J, Weisenburger D, Goldstein L, Wang SS. The association between HLA and non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes, among a transplant-indicated population. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:2899-2908. [PMID: 31215275 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1617858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have implicated HLA in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtype etiology. However, NHL patients indicated for stem cell transplants are underrepresented in these reports. We therefore evaluated the association between HLA and NHL subtypes among a transplant-indicated population. One thousand three hundred and sixty-six NHL patients HLA-typed and indicated for transplant at the City of Hope National Medical Center (Duarte, CA) were compared to 10,271 prospective donors. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for HLA haplotype and alleles, adjusted for sex and age. The HLA-A*0201∼C*0602∼B*1302∼DRB1*0701∼DQB1*0201 haplotype was significantly associated with follicular lymphoma (FL) risk among Caucasians. Several haplotypes were associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) risk among Caucasians, including the previously implicated DLBCL risk loci, HLA-B*0801. The HLA-A*0101 allele was also observed to be associated with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) risk. Our results support the association between previously reported susceptibility loci and FL and suggest potentially new DLBCL and MCL risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Zhong
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Loren Gragert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Bioinformatics Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Martin Maiers
- Bioinformatics Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brian T Hill
- Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - David Senitzer
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Joo Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Leanne Goldstein
- Division of Biostatistics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sophia S Wang
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Prognostic value of some inflammatory markers in patients with lymphoma. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182174. [PMID: 30814315 PMCID: PMC6422884 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lymphoma is a group of blood cell tumors which develop from lymphocytes. The main forms of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-HL (NHL). Cytokines may contribute to lymphoma and they are related to risk NHL and HL. Aim: Assessment of the serum level of certain inflammatory markers as complementary indicators to confirm diagnosis of lymphoma patients that may be subjected to more invasive biopsy methods. Method: The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and eotaxin were assessed by Bio-Plex Pro assays in 81 lymphoma patients and 44 NHL and 37 HL patients before and after chemotherapy treatment as well as 20 healthy persons as a control group. Results: Lymphoma patients showed significantly raised marker levels before treatment and significantly reduced levels related to pre-treatment and controls of post-treatment for most of the markers. MCP-1 reported the highest diagnostic accuracy. G-CSF significantly raised pre-treatment and TNF-α. MCP-1 significantly increased in post treated HL compared with NHL. In order to distinguish HL from NHL, G-CSF reported the highest diagnostic accuracy. NHL patients reported complete remission (CR) and those who reported stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) represented 25% and 38% respectively compared with 16% and 27% of HL patients, while partial remission (PR) of HL patients were 56% compared with 36% of NHL patients. Conclusion: Most of the markers were significantly increased in pre-treatment but significantly decreased post-treatment. However, it was not considerably enough to get better prognosis of the disease. Elevated serum levels of inflammatory markers correlate with disease severity and low benefit from treatment.
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Makgoeng SB, Bolanos RS, Jeon CY, Weiss RE, Arah OA, Breen EC, Martínez-Maza O, Hussain SK. Markers of Immune Activation and Inflammation, and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 2:pky082. [PMID: 30873511 PMCID: PMC6400235 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation and immune activation are reported to play a key role in the etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We conducted a meta-analysis on the associations between prediagnosis circulating levels of immune stimulatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), CXCL13, soluble CD23 (sCD23), sCD27, sCD30, and the risk of NHL. Methods Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to January 1, 2017. We calculated summary odds ratio (OR) estimates for the association between one natural log increase in concentration of each biomarker and NHL using random-effects models for NHL as a composite outcome and for several histological subtypes of NHL. Results Seventeen nested case control studies were included. Elevated levels of several biomarkers were more strongly associated with increased odds of NHL: TNF-α, OR = 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04 to 1.34); CXCL13, OR = 1.47 (95% CI = 1.03 to 2.08); sCD23, OR = 1.57 (95% CI = 1.21 to 2.05); sCD27, OR = 2.18 (95% CI = 1.20 to 3.98); sCD30, OR = 1.65 (95% CI = 1.22 to 2.22). In stratified analyses, IL-6, TNF-α, sCD27, and sCD30 were more strongly associated with NHL in HIV-infected individuals compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. Between-study heterogeneity was observed across multiple biomarkers for overall NHL and by subtypes. Conclusion This meta-analysis provides evidence that elevated circulating levels of TNF-α, CXCL13, sCD23, sCD27, and sCD30 are consistently associated with an increased risk of NHL, suggesting the potential utility of these biomarkers in population risk stratification and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon B Makgoeng
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA
| | - Rachel S Bolanos
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA
| | - Christie Y Jeon
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA.,Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert E Weiss
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Onyebuchi A Arah
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA
| | - Elizabeth C Breen
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Otoniel Martínez-Maza
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shehnaz K Hussain
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA.,Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Lee YS, Krishnan A, Oughtred R, Rust J, Chang CS, Ryu J, Kristensen VN, Dolinski K, Theesfeld CL, Troyanskaya OG. A Computational Framework for Genome-wide Characterization of the Human Disease Landscape. Cell Syst 2019; 8:152-162.e6. [PMID: 30685436 PMCID: PMC7374759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for the diagnosis and treatment of complex human diseases is identifying their molecular basis. Here, we developed a unified computational framework, URSAHD (Unveiling RNA Sample Annotation for Human Diseases), that leverages machine learning and the hierarchy of anatomical relationships present among diseases to integrate thousands of clinical gene expression profiles and identify molecular characteristics specific to each of the hundreds of complex diseases. URSAHD can distinguish between closely related diseases more accurately than literature-validated genes or traditional differential-expression-based computational approaches and is applicable to any disease, including rare and understudied ones. We demonstrate the utility of URSAHD in classifying related nervous system cancers and experimentally verifying novel neuroblastoma-associated genes identified by URSAHD. We highlight the applications for potential targeted drug-repurposing and for quantitatively assessing the molecular response to clinical therapies. URSAHD is freely available for public use, including the use of underlying models, at ursahd.princeton.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Suk Lee
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Arjun Krishnan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Departments of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rose Oughtred
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer Rust
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Christie S Chang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph Ryu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kara Dolinski
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chandra L Theesfeld
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Olga G Troyanskaya
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA.
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Zhang J, Ye X, Wu C, Fu H, Xu W, Hu P. Modeling Gene-Environment Interaction for the Risk of Non-hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2019; 8:657. [PMID: 30693270 PMCID: PMC6340069 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most common and deadly cancers. There is limited analysis of gene-environment interactions for the risk of NHL. This study intends to explore the interactions between genetic variants and environmental factors, and how they contribute to NHL risk. Methods: A case-control study was performed in Shanghai, China. The cases were diagnosed between 2003 and 2008 with patients aged 18 years or older. Samples and SNPs which did not satisfy quality control were excluded from the analysis. Weighted and unweighted genetic risk scores (GRS) and environmental risk scores were generated using clustering analysis algorithm. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Moreover, genetics and environment interactions (G × E) were tested on the NHL cases and controls. Results: After quality control, there are 22 SNPs, 11 environmental variables and 5 demographical variables to be explored. For logistic regression analyses, 5 SNPs (rs1800893, rs4251961, rs1800630, rs13306698, rs1799931) and environmental tobacco smoking showed statistically significant associations with the risk of NHL. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 10.82 (4.34–28.88) for rs13306698, 2.84 (1.66–4.95) for rs1800893, and 2.54 (1.43–4.58) for rs4251961. For G × E analysis, the interaction between smoking and dichotomized weighted GRS showed statistically significant association with NHL (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = [0.09, 0.61]). Conclusions: Several genetic and environmental risk factors and their interactions associated with the risk of NHL have been identified. Replication in other cohorts is needed to validate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xibiao Ye
- Department of Community Health Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Cuie Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Fu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Preliminary analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-10, IL-4, and IL-4Rα genes and profile of circulating cytokines in patients with gastric Cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:184. [PMID: 30526523 PMCID: PMC6288868 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric Cancer is highly prevalent and deadly worldwide. In Colombia, it is the most lethal form of cancer. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-10, IL-4, and IL-4Rα genes have been associated with an anti-inflammatory environment and a Th2 profile in detriment of the antitumor Th1 response. This research sought to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms in promoter sequences, like − 1082 (G/A), − 592 (C/A), and − 819 (C/T), as well as − 590 (C/T) of the IL-10 and IL-4 genes, respectively; in addition to the IL-4Rα mutation variants, Ile50Val and Q576R, together with circulating levels of IL-4, TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ in patients with gastric carcinoma in Cúcuta, Colombia. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 17 patients and 30 healthy individuals were genotyped for the six polymorphisms mentioned through PCR-RFLP of DNA obtained from peripheral blood cells and serum samples were analyzed by sandwich ELISA to quantify cytokines. Statistical difference between groups was determined along with the association between the presence of polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer, as well as the mortality in patients, using Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis, respectively. Results An association between the − 1082 (G/A) and the risk of gastric cancer was found (OR = 7.58, range 0.77–74.06, P = 0.08). Furthermore, patients had a significant increase in IL-4 serum levels (P < 0.01) compared to healthy individuals, both variables showed a higher estimated risk of mortality in patients, although without statistical association (P > 0.05). Conclusion We infer that two possible biomarkers (one immunological and one genetic) could be considered in association with gastric cancer in our population, which should be confirmed by subsequent studies involving a greater number of individuals.
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Zhou L, Zheng Y, Tian T, Liu K, Wang M, Lin S, Deng Y, Dai C, Xu P, Hao Q, Kang H, Dai Z. Associations of interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms with cancer risk: Evidence based on 49,408 cancer cases and 61,790 controls. Gene 2018; 670:136-147. [PMID: 29842912 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many molecular epidemiologic studies have shown that interleukin-6 (IL-6) polymorphisms are significantly associated with susceptibility for various cancers. However, the conclusions of these studies are inconsistent. The purpose of the present study was to explore the association between three common IL-6 loci (rs1800795, rs1800796, and rs1800797) and the risk for various cancers. We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang and China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) databases for relevant publications and obtained 108 eligible studies, involving 49,408 cancer patients and 61,790 cancer-free controls. Odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and false positive reporting probability (FPRP) were used to evaluate cancer risk. All statistical analyses were performed using the R software meta package. We observed a non-significant association between rs1800795 and overall cancer risk, while rs1800797 was found to have a false positive association with overall risk of cancer. Subgroup analyses of rs1800797 also suggested non-significant association and rs1800795 played a protective role in liver cancer. Rs1800796 was found to be associated with overall cancer risk, particularly in Asian patients and those with prostate cancer. These findings provide evidence that IL-6 polymorphisms may affect cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Huafeng Kang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Ye X, Zhao K, Wu C, Hu P, Fu H. Associations between genetic variants in immunoregulatory genes and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a Chinese population. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10450-10457. [PMID: 28060727 PMCID: PMC5354671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We undertook a hospital-based case-control study to examine the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in selected immunoregulatory genes and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk in a Chinese population. One hundred and sixty-nine NHL patients diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2001 standard and 421 controls were recruited. Nine SNPs in three genes (IL-10, IL-1RN, and TNF-α) were selected based on predicted functions and previous study findings. Genetic association analysis was performed using the Cochran-Armitage trend test and multiple logistic regression. Four SNPs were associated with an increased risk of overall NHL: odds ratio per minor allele [ORper-minor-allele] and 95% confidence interval [CI] were 2.64 (1.75-3.98) for IL-10 rs1800893, 2.67 (1.72-4.16) for IL-1RN rs4251961, 1.80 (1.24-2.63) for TNF- α rs1800630, and 1.55 (1.02-2.37) for TNF- α rs2229094. These SNPs were also associated with an increased risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In addition, another SNP (TNF- α rs1041981) was associated with an increased risk of DLBCL (ORper-minor-allele=1.73, 95% CI 1.14-2.61). The findings provide evidence on the role of these immunoregulatory gene variants in NHL etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibiao Ye
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada.,Vaccine and Drug Evaluation Centre, University of Manitoba, Canada.,Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kaiqiong Zhao
- Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cuie Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hua Fu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Elian FA, Yan E, Walter MA. FOXC1, the new player in the cancer sandbox. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8165-8178. [PMID: 29487724 PMCID: PMC5814291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, rapidly accumulating evidence implicates forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) in cancer, especially in studies of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). Other studies have followed suit, demonstrating that FOXC1 is not only a major player in this breast cancer subtype, but also in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), endometrial cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The FOXC1 gene encodes a transcription factor that is crucial to mesodermal, neural crest, and ocular development, and mutations found in FOXC1 have been found to cause dominantly inherited Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS). Interestingly, while FOXC1 missense mutations that are associated with ARS usually reduce gene activity, increased FOXC1 function now appears to be often linked to more aggressive cancer phenotypes in BLBC, HCC, HL, and NHL. This review discusses not only the role of FOXC1 in cancer cell progression, proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis, but also the underlying mechanisms of how FOXC1 can contribute to aggressive cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahed A. Elian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael A. Walter
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Genetic polymorphisms of IL-6 promoter in cancer susceptibility and prognosis: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12351-12364. [PMID: 29552316 PMCID: PMC5844752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-6 is critical for tumorigenesis. However, previous studies on the association of IL-6 promoter polymorphisms with predisposition to different cancer types are somewhat contradictory. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis regarding the relationship between IL-6 promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility and prognosis. Up to April 2017, 97 original publications were identified covering three IL-6 promoter SNPs. Our results showed statistically significant association between IL-6 promoter and cancer risk and prognosis. Subgroup analysis indicated that rs1800795 was significantly associated with increased risk of cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, glioma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma but not gastric cancer and multiple myeloma. Furthermore, rs1800796 was significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer but not gastric cancer. Additionally, rs1800797 was significantly association with breast cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma but not gastric cancer. Simultaneously, rs1800795 and rs1800796 were associated with a significantly higher risk of cancer in Asia and Caucasian, rs1800797 was associated with a significantly risk of cancer in Caucasian but not in Asia. Furthermore, IL-6 promoter polymorphisms were significantly associated with the prognosis of cancer. Considering these promising results, IL-6 promoter including rs1800795, rs1800796 and rs1800797 may be a tumor marker for cancer therapy.
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Ma S, Guo J, Lu D, Zhu L, Zhou M, Zhou D, Li L, Zhu J, Yang X, Zheng Y, Ye X, Xie W. Blood biomarkers in adults with lymph node enlargement contribute to diagnostic significance of malignancy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98533-98541. [PMID: 29228708 PMCID: PMC5716748 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node enlargement is a common presentation and has a possibility of malignancy like lymphoma that requires early diagnosis. This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics of these patients and finds out useful predictors of malignant diseases. We retrospectively investigated 81 patients with lymph node enlargement between July 2, 2014 and May 17, 2016. The characteristics and laboratory findings were evaluated combining with the final diagnosis. The diagnoses were malignancy in 51 patients and benign lymphadenopathy in 30 patients. Increased beta2-microglobulin (B2M) (P = 0.012) was found to be associated with malignant diseases, and level of 3699.5 μg/L was used as a cut-off value to differentiate the malignancies from benign diseases, offering 63.4% sensitivity and 87.0% specificity. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P = 0.038) levels were significantly lower in malignant group, whose receiver operating characteristic curve showed that level of 1121.5 mg/dl had sensitivity and specificity as 58.5% and 82.6%. Moreover, through analysis of cytokines, we found interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were elevated in malignant group compared with benign group. Serum B2M and IgG levels were concluded to be useful parameters for predicting malignancies. Besides, increased IL-10 levels indicated a higher risk of malignancy in some way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ma
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junbin Guo
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wenling City First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, Wenling, China
| | - Danlei Lu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - De Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiudi Yang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanlong Zheng
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanzhuo Xie
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Abdel Rahman HA, Khorshied MM, Reda Khorshid OM, Mourad HM. Association of Interleukin-2-330T/G and Interleukin-10-1082A/G Genetic Polymorphisms with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Cohort of Egyptians. Turk J Haematol 2017; 35:99-108. [PMID: 28713071 PMCID: PMC5972348 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2017.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10 genes are known to be associated with susceptibility to different immune-dysregulated disorders and cancers such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). To explore the possible association between IL-2-330T/G and IL-10-1082A/G single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the susceptibility to B-cell NHL (B-NHL) in Egyptians, we conducted a case-control study. Materials and Methods: Genotyping of the studied genetic variations was done for 100 B-NHL patients as well as 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results: The IL-2 variant allele occurred at a significantly higher rate in patients than controls and was associated with susceptibility to B-NHL [odds ratio (OR): 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-2.85]. It was also associated with advanced performance status score. IL-2 polymorphism conferred an almost threefold increased risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.35-5.15) and a fourfold increased risk of indolent subtypes (OR: 4.34, 95% CI: 1.20-15.7). The distribution of IL-10-1082A/G genotypes in our patients was close to that of the controls. Co-inheritance of the variant genotypes of IL-2 and the common genotype of IL-10 conferred an almost sixfold increased risk (OR: 5.75, 95% CI: 1.39-23.72), while co-inheritance of the variant genotypes of IL-2 and IL-10 conferred fivefold increased risk of B-NHL (OR: 5.43, 95% CI: 1.44-20.45). The variant genotypes of IL-2-330T/G and IL-10-1082A/G had no effect on the disease-free survival of B-NHL patients. Conclusion: The present study highlights the possible involvement of the IL-2-330T/G genetic polymorphism in the susceptibility to B-NHL in Egypt, especially indolent subtypes. Moreover, IL-10-1082A/G is not a molecular susceptibility marker for B-NHL in Egyptians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Aly Abdel Rahman
- Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat Mamdooh Khorshied
- Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Heba Mahmoud Mourad
- Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Cairo, Egypt
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Bulka C, Nastoupil LJ, Koff JL, Bernal-Mizrachi L, Ward KC, Williams JN, Bayakly AR, Switchenko JM, Waller LA, Flowers CR. Relations Between Residential Proximity to EPA-Designated Toxic Release Sites and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Incidence. South Med J 2017; 109:606-614. [PMID: 27706495 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examining the spatial patterns of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) incidence and residential proximity to toxic release locations may provide insight regarding environmental and sociodemographic risk factors. METHODS We linked and geocoded cancer incidence data for the period 1999-2008 from the Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry with population data from the US Census and the Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory. We conducted cluster analyses and constructed Poisson regression models to assess DLBCL incidence as a function of mean distance to the toxic release sites. RESULTS In total, 3851 incident DLBCL cases occurred among adults residing in Georgia between 1999 and 2008. Significant focal clustering was observed around 57% of ethylene oxide sites, 5% of benzene sites, 9% of tetrachloroethylene sites, 7% of styrene sites, 10% of formaldehyde sites, 5% of trichloroethylene sites, and 10% of all release sites. Mean distance to sites was significantly associated with DLBCL risk for all chemicals. CONCLUSIONS Proximity to Toxics Release Inventory sites can be linked to increased DLBCL risk as assessed through focal clustering and Poisson regression, and confirmatory studies using geospatial mapping can aid in further specifying risk factors for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bulka
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, the Departments of Hematology and Oncology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, and the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and the Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta
| | - Loretta J Nastoupil
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, the Departments of Hematology and Oncology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, and the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and the Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta
| | - Jean L Koff
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, the Departments of Hematology and Oncology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, and the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and the Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta
| | - Leon Bernal-Mizrachi
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, the Departments of Hematology and Oncology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, and the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and the Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta
| | - Kevin C Ward
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, the Departments of Hematology and Oncology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, and the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and the Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta
| | - Jessica N Williams
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, the Departments of Hematology and Oncology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, and the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and the Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta
| | - A Rana Bayakly
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, the Departments of Hematology and Oncology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, and the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and the Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta
| | - Jeffrey M Switchenko
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, the Departments of Hematology and Oncology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, and the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and the Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta
| | - Lance A Waller
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, the Departments of Hematology and Oncology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, and the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and the Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, the Departments of Hematology and Oncology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, and the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and the Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta
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Dietary inflammatory index and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk in an Italian case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:791-799. [PMID: 28503716 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While dietary factors have been shown to play an important etiologic role in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), little is known about the association between inflammatory properties of diet and NHL risk. METHODS We explored the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and NHL risk in a multicenter Italian case-control study conducted between 1999 and 2014. Cases were 536 subjects with incident, histologically confirmed NHL from three areas in Italy. Controls were 984 subjects admitted to the same network of hospitals as the cases for acute, nonmalignant conditions, unrelated to diet. DII scores were computed based on 30 nutrients and food items assessed using a reproducible and validated 78-item food-frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated through logistic regression models adjusting for age, total energy intake, and other recognized confounding factors. RESULTS Subjects in the highest quartile of DII scores (i.e., with the most pro-inflammatory diets) had a higher risk of NHL compared with subjects in the lowest quartile (i.e., with the most anti-inflammatory diets) (ORQuartile4vs1 1.61, 95% confidence interval CI 1.07-2.43; p-trend = 0.01). Stratified analyses produced stronger associations between DII and NHL among males (ORQuartile4vs1 2.14; 95% CI 1.25-3.67) with significant heterogeneity (p value = 0.02); when analyzed by histologic subtype, a significant association was observed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ORQuartile4vs1 1.84; 95% CI 1.09-3.10). CONCLUSION A pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII scores, is associated with elevated odds of NHL, especially among males.
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Stübgen JP. Juvenile dermatomyositis/polymyositis and lymphoma. J Neurol Sci 2017; 377:19-24. [PMID: 28477693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In patients with juvenile dermatomyositis/polymyositis (JDM/PM), malignancy is a rare phenomenon. An extensive workup for neoplastic disease is not routinely indicated, but should be considered if unusual physical findings are noted at JDM/PM diagnosis or during follow-up period. The objective of this literature review was to assess for any association between, and disease profile of, JDM/PM and lymphoma in childhood. Risk determinants of the possible development of lymphoma in the pediatric population with JDM/PM appear to be the degree and duration of inflammatory activity with chronic B-cell activation and/or antigen stimulation; a paraneoplastic relationship is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg-Patrick Stübgen
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065-4885, USA.
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49
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Jevtovic-Stoimenov T, Cvetkovic T, Despotovic M, Basic J, Cvetkovic J, Marjanovic G, Pavlovic D. The influence of TNF alpha -308 G/A polymorphism on oxidative stress in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2017; 54:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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50
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Inflammatory myopathies and lymphoma. J Neurol Sci 2016; 369:377-389. [PMID: 27653927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory myopathies comprise a group of immune-mediated muscle diseases. Lymphoma is a term for a variety of lymphatic system malignancies. Autoimmune diseases and lymphoproliferative malignancies share a complex bidirectional relationship. A causal relationship between inflammatory mypathies and lymphoma has not been established. The diagnosis/treatment of inflammatory myopathy usually precedes the detection/diagnosis of lymphoma. Immune system dysregulation presumably underlies the evolution of lymphoma in patients with inflammatory myopathies. Inflammatory activity with chronic B-cell activation and/or antigen stimulation is deemed the major risk factor for lymphoma in patients with autoimmunity. A "paraneoplastic" phenomenon or the effects of immunosuppressive therapy may be alternative immune-based mechanisms. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia immune system disturbance rarely results in non-hematological autoimmune disease, including inflammatory myopathies.
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