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Amábile-Cuevas CF, Lund-Zaina S. Non-Canonical Aspects of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:565. [PMID: 38927231 PMCID: PMC11200725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The understanding of antibiotic resistance, one of the major health threats of our time, is mostly based on dated and incomplete notions, especially in clinical contexts. The "canonical" mechanisms of action and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics, as well as the methods used to assess their activity upon bacteria, have not changed in decades; the same applies to the definition, acquisition, selective pressures, and drivers of resistance. As a consequence, the strategies to improve antibiotic usage and overcome resistance have ultimately failed. This review gathers most of the "non-canonical" notions on antibiotics and resistance: from the alternative mechanisms of action of antibiotics and the limitations of susceptibility testing to the wide variety of selective pressures, lateral gene transfer mechanisms, ubiquity, and societal factors maintaining resistance. Only by having a "big picture" view of the problem can adequate strategies to harness resistance be devised. These strategies must be global, addressing the many aspects that drive the increasing prevalence of resistant bacteria aside from the clinical use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Lund-Zaina
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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2
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Singh H, Neha K, Kumar R, Kaushik P, Singh AK, Singh G. Role of infrastructure and operation in disease prevalence in dairy farms: groundwork for disease prevention-based antibiotic stewardship. Prev Vet Med 2024; 225:106158. [PMID: 38447491 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Attempts at regulating misuse of antibiotics in the dairy industry have been ineffective, especially in low- and middle-income countries, who also typically have high burden of preventable infectious disease, we propose a disease prevention-based approach to minimize the need and in turn consumption of antibiotics in dairy farms. Since the immediate environment of the animals is key to disease prevalence, we targeted the infrastructure- and operation-related factors in dairy farms and their link with prevalence of most common diseases and symptoms. We conducted four focused group discussions and a cross-sectional survey in 378 dairy farms to investigate disease prevalence and associated infrastructural (housing system, and manger shape), and operational (waste management, feed management, and type of cleaning agent) parameters. The most common diseases (Mastitis and secondary infections related to Foot-and-mouth disease) and symptoms (fever and diarrhoea) in the focus area were linked with the infrastructural and operational factors on the dairy farm with higher disease prevalence reported in dairy farms, where the animals were exposed to variations in diurnal temperatures or were hard to clean. We further used ML classifiers - Neural Network (NN), k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF) - to corroborate the relationship between infrastructure and operations of the dairy farms and disease prevalence- The DT classifier on randomly sampled data could predict the prevalence of the two most common diseases (accuracy = 92%, F1-score = 0.919) Our results open new avenues for cost-effective interventions such as use of curve-edged mangers, use of rubber mats on floors, not reusing leftover feed etc. in dairy farms to prevent the most common diseases and symptoms in dairy farms and reduce the need and consumption of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Kumari Neha
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar 263145, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar 263145, India
| | - Pallavi Kaushik
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Awanish Kumar Singh
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar 263145, India
| | - Gargi Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India.
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3
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Gomes SN, Biscaia IFB, Lopes DS, Mengarda M, Murakami FS, Oliveira PR, Bernardi LS. Cocrystals Enhance Biopharmaceutical and Antimicrobial Properties of Norfloxacin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2211. [PMID: 37765180 PMCID: PMC10536922 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A solvate cocrystal of the antimicrobial norfloxacin (NFX) was formed by using isonicotinamide (INA) as a coformer with the solvent evaporation technique. The cocrystal formation was confirmed by performing solid-state characterization techniques. We evaluated the dissolution under supersaturated conditions and also the solubility at the vertex of triphasic domain of cocrystal and NFX in both water and Fasted-State Simulated Intestinal Fluid (FaSSIF). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution technique. The cocrystal showed 1.8 times higher dissolution than NFX in water at 60 min and 1.3 times higher in FaSSIF at 180 min in the kinetic study. The cocrystal also had an increase in solubility of 8.38 times in water and 6.41 times in FaSSIF. The biopharmaceutical properties of NFX with cocrystallization improved antimicrobial action, as shown in the results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC50%) and 90% (IC90%). This paper presents, for the first time, a more in-depth analysis of the cocrystal of NFX-INA concerning its dissolution, solubility, and antimicrobial activity. In all these criteria, the cocrystal obtained better results compared to the pure drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Nascimento Gomes
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava 85040-080, Brazil; (S.N.G.); (I.F.B.B.); (D.S.L.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Isabela Fanelli Barreto Biscaia
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava 85040-080, Brazil; (S.N.G.); (I.F.B.B.); (D.S.L.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Diana Schon Lopes
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava 85040-080, Brazil; (S.N.G.); (I.F.B.B.); (D.S.L.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Mariana Mengarda
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil (F.S.M.)
| | - Fábio Seigi Murakami
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil (F.S.M.)
| | - Paulo Renato Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava 85040-080, Brazil; (S.N.G.); (I.F.B.B.); (D.S.L.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Larissa Sakis Bernardi
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava 85040-080, Brazil; (S.N.G.); (I.F.B.B.); (D.S.L.); (L.S.B.)
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Kashi R, Bagheri-Mohagheghi MM, Khorshidi M. Synthesis and study of structural, optical, and antibacterial properties of silver, copper, and iron metallic nanoparticles prepared by green synthesis. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bumbangi FN, Llarena AK, Skjerve E, Hang’ombe BM, Mpundu P, Mudenda S, Mutombo PB, Muma JB. Evidence of Community-Wide Spread of Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia coli in Young Children in Lusaka and Ndola Districts, Zambia. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1684. [PMID: 36014101 PMCID: PMC9416312 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been reported for pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli), hampering the treatment, and increasing the burden of infectious diarrhoeal diseases in children in developing countries. This study focused on exploring the occurrence, patterns, and possible drivers of AMR E. coli isolated from children under-five years in Zambia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Lusaka and Ndola districts. Rectal swabs were collected from 565 and 455 diarrhoeic and healthy children, respectively, from which 1020 E. coli were cultured and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Nearly all E. coli (96.9%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent tested. Further, 700 isolates were Multi-Drug Resistant, 136 were possibly Extensively-Drug Resistant and nine were Pan-Drug-Resistant. Forty percent of the isolates were imipenem-resistant, mostly from healthy children. A questionnaire survey documented a complex pattern of associations between and within the subgroups of the levels of MDR and socio-demographic characteristics, antibiotic stewardship, and guardians' knowledge of AMR. This study has revealed the severity of AMR in children and the need for a community-specific-risk-based approach to implementing measures to curb the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Nsoni Bumbangi
- School of Medicine, Eden University, Lusaka P.O. Box 37727, Zambia
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
| | - Ann-Katrin Llarena
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Eystein Skjerve
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Bernard Mudenda Hang’ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
| | - Prudence Mpundu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka P.O. Box 33991, Zambia
| | - Steward Mudenda
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Paulin Beya Mutombo
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa 834, Congo
| | - John Bwalya Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
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Exploring the resistome, virulome, mobilome and microbiome along pork production chain using metagenomics. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 371:109674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Anti-Inflammatory and Protective Effects of Juncus effusus L. Water Extract on Oral Keratinocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9770899. [PMID: 35028318 PMCID: PMC8752227 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9770899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathogenic bacteria that form biofilms in periodontal pockets. The gingival epithelium acts as the first physical barrier in fighting attacks by periodontopathogenic pathogens, such as the primary etiological agent Porphyromonas gingivalis, and various exogenous chemicals, as well as regulates the local innate immune responses. Therefore, the development of novel oral care products to inhibit inflammatory reactions caused by bacterial infection and protect the gingival epithelium is necessary. Juncus effusus L. has generally been used as an indigenous medicine, such as a diuretic, an antipyretic, and an analgesic, in ancient practice. In this study, we examined the effects of a water extract from J. effusus L. on the inhibition of the inflammatory reaction elicited by bacterial infection and protection of the oral epithelium by chemical irritation. Pretreatment of oral epithelial cells with the water extract from J. effusus L. significantly reduced P. gingivalis or its lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) mediated production of chemokines (interleukin-8 and C-C-chemokine ligand20) in a concentration-dependent manner with comparable to or greater effects than epigallocatechin gallate and protected oral epithelial cells from injury by chemical irritants, cetylpyridinium chloride, and benzethonium chloride. Moreover, the water extract from J. effusus L. in the presence of antimicrobial agents or antifibrinolytics already used as ingredients in mouthwash could significantly reduce the production of chemokines from P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated oral epithelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the water extract from J. effusus L. is potentially useful for oral care to prevent oral infections, such as periodontal infections, and maintain oral epithelial function.
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Nishioka Y, Nagano K, Koga Y, Okada Y, Mori I, Hayase A, Mori T, Manabe K. Lactic acid as a major contributor to hand surface infection barrier and its association with morbidity to infectious disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18608. [PMID: 34545150 PMCID: PMC8452697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the surface of the human hands contains high antimicrobial activity, studies investigating the precise components involved and the relationship between natural antimicrobial activity and morbidity in infectious diseases are limited. In this study, we developed a method to quantitatively measure the antimicrobial activity of hand surface components. Using a clinical survey, we validated the feasibility of our method and identified antimicrobial factors on the surface of the human hand. In a retrospective observational study, we compared the medical histories of the participants to assess infectious diseases. We found that the antimicrobial activity on the surface of the hands was significantly lower in the high morbidity group (N = 55) than in the low morbidity group (N = 54), indicating a positive association with the history of infection in individuals. A comprehensive analysis of the hand surface components indicated that organic acids, especially lactic acid and antimicrobial peptides, are highly correlated with antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the application of lactic acid using the amount present on the surface of the hand significantly improved the antimicrobial activity. These findings suggest that hand hygiene must be improved to enhance natural antimicrobial activity on the surface of the hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nishioka
- Personal Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Analytical Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Koga
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Okada
- Personal Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mori
- Personal Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayase
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Takuya Mori
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Kenji Manabe
- Personal Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan.
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Innovative, long-lasting and eco-friendly surface decontamination approach using modified Titania based on nanotechnology. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-020-00511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Si Z, Hou Z, Vikhe YS, Thappeta KRV, Marimuthu K, De PP, Ng OT, Li P, Zhu Y, Pethe K, Chan-Park MB. Antimicrobial Effect of a Novel Chitosan Derivative and Its Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3237-3245. [PMID: 33405504 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers are promising antibacterial agents because bacteria have a low propensity to develop resistance against them, but they usually have low biocompatibility because of their hydrophobic moieties. Herein, we report a new biodegradable and biocompatible chitosan-derived cationic antibacterial polymer, 2,6-diamino chitosan (2,6-DAC). 2,6-DAC shows excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8-32 μg/mL against clinically relevant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria including Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, 2,6-DAC shows an excellent synergistic effect with various clinically relevant antibiotics proved by decreasing the MICs of the antibiotics against MDR A. baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to <1 μg/mL. In vivo biocompatibility of 2,6-DAC is proved by a dosage of 100 mg/kg compound via oral administration and 25 mg/kg compound via intraperitoneal injection to mice; 2,6-DAC does not cause any weight loss and any significant change in liver and kidney biomarkers or the important blood electrolytes. The combinations of 2,6-DAC together with novobiocin and rifampicin show >2.4 log10 reduction of A. baumannii in murine intraperitoneal and lung infection models. The novel chitosan derivative, 2,6-DAC, can be utilized as a biocompatible broad-spectrum cationic antimicrobial agent alone or in synergistic combination with various antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyong Si
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, NTU, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Zheng Hou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, NTU, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Yogesh Shankar Vikhe
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, NTU, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Kishore Reddy Venkata Thappeta
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, NTU, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Singapore Center for Environmental and Life Sciences (SCELSE), NTU, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Kalisvar Marimuthu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308442, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Partha Pratim De
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Oon Tek Ng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308442, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, NTU, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kevin Pethe
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, NTU, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, NTU, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, NTU, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, NTU, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, NTU, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Expression and Functional Characterization of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide: Human Beta-Defensin 118. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1395304. [PMID: 33224970 PMCID: PMC7673234 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1395304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose β-Defensin 118 (DEFB118) is a novel host defense peptide (HDP) identified in humans. To evaluate its potentials for future utilization, the DEFB118 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the recombinant protein was fully characterized. Methods The DEFB118 protein was obtained by heterologous expression using E. coli Rosetta (DE3). Antibacterial activity of DEFB118 was determined by using various bacterial strains. IPEC-J cells challenged by E. coli K88 were used to determine its influences on inflammatory responses. Results The E. coli transformants yielded more than 250 μg/mL DEFB118 protein after 4 h induction by 1.0 mM IPTG. The DEFB118 was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be 30 kDa, and MALDI-TOF analysis verified that it is a human β-defensin 118. Importantly, the DEFB118 showed antimicrobial activities against both Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli K88 and E. coli DH5α) and Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/mL. Hemolytic assays showed that DEFB118 had no detrimental impact on cell viability. Additionally, DEFB118 was found to elevate the viability of IPEC-J2 cells upon E. coli K88 challenge. Moreover, DEFB118 significantly decreased cell apoptosis in the late apoptosis phase and downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α in IPEC-J2 cell exposure to E. coli K88. Conclusions These results suggested a novel function of the mammalian defensins, and the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of DEFB118 may allow it as a potential substitute for conventionally used antibiotics or drugs.
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Antibiotic Resistance in Recreational Waters: State of the Science. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218034. [PMID: 33142796 PMCID: PMC7663426 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ambient recreational waters can act as both recipients and natural reservoirs for antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria and antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs), where they may persist and replicate. Contact with AMR bacteria and ARGs potentially puts recreators at risk, which can thus decrease their ability to fight infections. A variety of point and nonpoint sources, including contaminated wastewater effluents, runoff from animal feeding operations, and sewer overflow events, can contribute to environmental loading of AMR bacteria and ARGs. The overall goal of this article is to provide the state of the science related to recreational exposure and AMR, which has been an area of increasing interest. Specific objectives of the review include (1) a description of potential sources of antibiotics, AMR bacteria, and ARGs in recreational waters, as documented in the available literature; (2) a discussion of what is known about human recreational exposures to AMR bacteria and ARGs, using findings from health studies and exposure assessments; and (3) identification of knowledge gaps and future research needs. To better understand the dynamics related to AMR and associated recreational water risks, future research should focus on source contribution, fate and transport-across treatment and in the environment; human health risk assessment; and standardized methods.
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Li S, Yang Z, Hu D, Cao L, He Q. Understanding building-occupant-microbiome interactions toward healthy built environments: A review. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 15:65. [PMID: 33145119 PMCID: PMC7596174 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-020-1357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Built environments, occupants, and microbiomes constitute a system of ecosystems with extensive interactions that impact one another. Understanding the interactions between these systems is essential to develop strategies for effective management of the built environment and its inhabitants to enhance public health and well-being. Numerous studies have been conducted to characterize the microbiomes of the built environment. This review summarizes current progress in understanding the interactions between attributes of built environments and occupant behaviors that shape the structure and dynamics of indoor microbial communities. In addition, this review also discusses the challenges and future research needs in the field of microbiomes of the built environment that necessitate research beyond the basic characterization of microbiomes in order to gain an understanding of the causal mechanisms between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which will provide a knowledge base for the development of transformative intervention strategies toward healthy built environments. The pressing need to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments highlights the urgency and significance of understanding the complex interactions between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Zhiyao Yang
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Da Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Liu Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- Institute for a Secure & Sustainable Environment, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
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Kenda M, Karas Kuželički N, Iida M, Kojima H, Sollner Dolenc M. Triclocarban, Triclosan, Bromochlorophene, Chlorophene, and Climbazole Effects on Nuclear Receptors: An in Silico and in Vitro Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:107005. [PMID: 33064576 PMCID: PMC7567334 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can interfere with hormonal homeostasis and have adverse effects for both humans and the environment. Their identification is increasingly difficult due to lack of adequate toxicological tests. This difficulty is particularly problematic for cosmetic ingredients, because in vivo testing is now banned completely in the European Union. OBJECTIVES The aim was to identify candidate preservatives as endocrine disruptors by in silico methods and to confirm endocrine receptors' activities through nuclear receptors in vitro. METHODS We screened preservatives listed in Annex V in the European Union Regulation on cosmetic products to predict their binding to nuclear receptors using the Endocrine Disruptome and VirtualToxLab™ version 5.8 in silico tools. Five candidate preservatives were further evaluated for androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER α ), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and thyroid receptor (TR) agonist and antagonist activities in cell-based luciferase reporter assays in vitro in AR-EcoScreen, hER α -HeLa- 9903 , MDA-kb2, and GH3.TRE-Luc cell lines. Additionally, assays to test for false positives were used (nonspecific luciferase gene induction and luciferase inhibition). RESULTS Triclocarban had agonist activity on AR and ER α at 1 μ M and antagonist activity on GR at 5 μ M and TR at 1 μ M . Triclosan showed antagonist effects on AR, ER α , GR at 10 μ M and TR at 5 μ M , and bromochlorophene at 1 μ M (AR and TR) and at 10 μ M (ER α and GR). AR antagonist activity of chlorophene was observed [inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) IC 50 = 2.4 μ M ], as for its substantial ER α agonist at > 5 μ M and TR antagonist activity at 10 μ M . Climbazole showed AR antagonist (IC 50 = 13.6 μ M ), ER α agonist at > 10 μ M , and TR antagonist activity at 10 μ M . DISCUSSION These data support the concerns of regulatory authorities about the endocrine-disrupting potential of preservatives. These data also define the need to further determine their effects on the endocrine system and the need to reassess the risks they pose to human health and the environment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Kenda
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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15
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Yang D, Van Gompel L, Luiken REC, Sanders P, Joosten P, van Heijnsbergen E, Wouters IM, Scherpenisse P, Chauvin C, Wadepohl K, Greve GD, Jongerius-Gortemaker BGM, Tersteeg-Zijderveld MHG, Soumet C, Skarżyńska M, Juraschek K, Fischer J, Wasyl D, Wagenaar JA, Dewulf J, Schmitt H, Mevius DJ, Heederik DJJ, Smit LAM. Association of antimicrobial usage with faecal abundance of aph(3')-III, ermB, sul2 and tetW resistance genes in veal calves in three European countries. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106131. [PMID: 32763373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in veal calves remain a source of concern. As part of the EFFORT project, the association between AMU and the abundance of faecal antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in veal calves in three European countries was determined. METHODS In 2015, faecal samples of veal calves close to slaughter were collected from farms located in France, Germany and the Netherlands (20 farms in France, 20 farms in the Netherlands and 21 farms in Germany; 25 calves per farm). Standardized questionnaires were used to record AMU and farm characteristics. In total, 405 faecal samples were selected for DNA extraction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to quantify the abundance (16S normalized concentration) of four ARGs [aph(3')-III, ermB, sul2 and tetW] encoding for resistance to frequently used antimicrobials in veal calves. Multiple linear mixed models with random effects for country and farm were used to relate ARGs to AMU and farm characteristics. RESULTS A significant positive association was found between the use of trimethoprim/sulfonamides and the concentration of sul2 in faeces from veal calves. A higher weight of calves on arrival at the farm was negatively associated with aph(3')-III and ermB. Lower concentrations of aph(3')-III were found at farms with non-commercial animals present. Furthermore, farms using only water for the cleaning of stables had a significantly lower abundance of faecal ermB and tetW compared with other farms. CONCLUSION A positive association was found between the use of trimethoprim/sulfonamides and the abundance of sul2 in faeces in veal calves. Additionally, other relevant risk factors associated with ARGs in veal calves were identified, such as weight on arrival at the farm and cleaning practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Yang
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Liese Van Gompel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roosmarijn E C Luiken
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Sanders
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Joosten
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eri van Heijnsbergen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M Wouters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Scherpenisse
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Chauvin
- ANSES, Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Paris, France
| | - Katharina Wadepohl
- Außenstelle für Epidemiologie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerdit D Greve
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Magdalena Skarżyńska
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Katharina Juraschek
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennie Fischer
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dariusz Wasyl
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dewulf
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dik J Mevius
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lidwien A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Influence of ventilation use and occupant behaviour on surface microorganisms in contemporary social housing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11841. [PMID: 32678236 PMCID: PMC7366681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of increasingly airtight homes, there is currently little known about the type and diversity of microorganisms in the home, or factors that could affect their abundance, diversity and nature. In this study, we examined the type and prevalence of cultivable microorganisms at eight different sites in 100 homes of older adults located in Glasgow, Scotland. The microbiological sampling was undertaken alongside a household survey that collated information on household demographics, occupant behaviour, building characteristics, antibiotic use and general health information. Each of the sampled sites revealed its own distinct microbiological character, in both species and number of cultivable microbes. While some potential human pathogens were identified, none were found to be multidrug resistant. We examined whether the variability in bacterial communities could be attributed to differences in building characteristics, occupant behaviour or household factors. Sampled sites furnished specific microbiological characteristics which reflected room function and touch frequency. We found that homes that reported opening windows more often were strongly associated with lower numbers of Gram-negative organisms at indoor sites (p < 0.0001). This work offers one of the first detailed analysis of cultivable microbes in homes of older adults and their relationship with building and occupancy related factors, in a UK context.
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Zhang Y, Duan L, Wang B, Liu CS, Jia Y, Zhai N, Blaney L, Yu G. Efficient multiresidue determination method for 168 pharmaceuticals and metabolites: Optimization and application to raw wastewater, wastewater effluent, and surface water in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114113. [PMID: 32044613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
New analytical methods are needed to efficiently measure the growing list of priority pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. In this regard, a rapid, sensitive, and robust method was developed for quantitation of 168 pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical metabolites using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The extraction protocol and instrumental efficiency were specifically addressed to increase analytical workload and throughput. The optimized protocols, which are five times more efficient than US EPA Method 1694, enabled analyte recoveries that ranged from 77% to 117% for 162 analytes with method quantitation limits (MQLs) as low as 0.1 ng L-1. To verify the suitability of the improved analytical method for environmental samples, 24-h composite samples of raw wastewater and wastewater effluent, along with downstream surface water, were analyzed. Overall, 143/168 target compounds were identified in at least one of the samples, and 130/168 analytes were present at concentrations above their MQLs. The total mass concentration of the measured analytes decreased by 93% during wastewater treatment. The analyte concentrations in the wastewater effluent were comparable to those measured in surface water 1 km downstream of the wastewater discharge point. Ultimately, the comprehensive method will serve as an important tool to inform the occurrence, fate, transport, and toxicity of a large suite of priority pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical metabolites in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Cristina Su Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanbo Jia
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd Beijing Branch Company, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Nannan Zhai
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd Beijing Branch Company, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Lee Blaney
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, United States
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China
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18
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Dias MF, da Rocha Fernandes G, Cristina de Paiva M, Christina de Matos Salim A, Santos AB, Amaral Nascimento AM. Exploring the resistome, virulome and microbiome of drinking water in environmental and clinical settings. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 174:115630. [PMID: 32105997 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems harbor a vast pool of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can suffer mutation, recombination and selection events. Here, we explored the diversity of ARGs, virulence factors and the bacterial community composition in water samples before (surface raw water, RW) and after (disinfected water, DW) drinking water conventional treatment, as well as in tap water (TW) and ultrafiltration membranes (UM, recovered from hemodialysis equipment) through metagenomics. A total of 852 different ARGs were identified, 21.8% of them only in RW, which might reflect the impact of human activities on the river at the sampling point. Although a similar resistance profile has been observed between the samples, significant differences in the frequency of clinically relevant antibiotic classes (penam and peptide) were identified. Resistance determinants to last resort antibiotics, including sequences related to mcr, optrA and poxtA and clinically relevant beta-lactamase genes (i.e. blaKPC, blaGES, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaSPM and blaNDM) were detected. 830 coding sequences (CDSs - related to 217 different ARGs) were embedded in contigs associated with mobile genetic elements, specially plasmids, of which 68% in RW, DW and TW, suggesting the importance of water environments in resistance dissemination. Shifts in bacterial pathogens genera were observed, such as a significant increase in Mycobacterium after treatment and distribution. In UM, the potentially pathogenic genus Halomonas predominated. Its draft genome was closely related to H. stevensii, hosting mainly multidrug efflux pumps. These results broaden our understanding of the global ARGs diversity and stress the importance of tracking the ever-expanding environmental resistome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela França Dias
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre Bueno Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Maria Amaral Nascimento
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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19
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Fink R, Potočnik A, Oder M. Plant-based natural saponins for Escherichia coli surface hygiene management. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Zhao L, Hu X, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang X. Construction of a novel Escherichia coli expression system: relocation of lpxA from chromosome to a constitutive expression vector. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7177-7189. [PMID: 31317228 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The selective marker in the plasmid-based expression system is usually a gene that encodes an antibiotic-resistant protein; therefore, the antibiotic has to add to maintain the plasmid when growing the bacteria. This antibiotic addition would lead to increase of production cost and the environment contamination. In this study, a novel Escherichia coli expression system, the lpxA deletion mutant harboring an lpxA-carrying vector, was developed. To develop this system, three plasmids pCas9Cre, pTF-A-UD, and pRSFCmlpxA were constructed. The plasmid pCas9Cre produces enzymes Cas9, λ-Red, and Cre and can be cured by growing at 42 °C; pTF-A-UD contains several DNA fragments required for deleting the chromosomal lpxA and can be cured by adding isopropyl-D-thiogalactopyranoside; pRSFCmlpxA contains the lpxA mutant lpxA123 and CamR. When E. coli were transformed with these three plasmids, the chromosomal lpxA and the CamR in pRSFCmlpxA can be efficiently removed, resulting in an E. coli lpxA mutant harboring pRSFlpxA. The lpxA is essential for the growth of E. coli; its relocation from chromosome to a constitutive expression vector is an ideal strategy to maintain the vector without antibiotic addition. The lpxA123 in pRSFlpxA can complement the deletion of the chromosomal lpxA and provide a strong selective pressure to maintain the plasmid pRSFlpxA. This study provides an experimental evidence that this novel expression system is convenient and efficient to use and can be used to improve L-threonine biosynthesis in the wild type E. coli MG1655 and an L-threonine producing E. coli TWF006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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21
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Gao JF, Liu XH, Fan XY, Dai HH. Effects of triclosan on performance, microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes during partial denitrification in a sequencing moving bed biofilm reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:326-334. [PMID: 30831511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effects of triclosan (TCS) on performance, microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during partial denitrification (PD) were investigated in a sequencing moving bed biofilm reactor (SMBBR). TCS inhibited nitrite accumulation; inhibition effect was more obvious as TCS concentration increased from 1 to 5 mg/L, but it could recover. Extracellular polymeric substances contents increased with 1 mg/L TCS addition and decreased a lot at 5 mg/L TCS. Community structure in biofilm was different from that in floccular sludge, but it was similar at 5 mg/L TCS. Illumina sequencing showed that Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Shewanella and Thauera became dominant genera. Abundance of nirS was stable and higher than that of narG and nosZ. High-throughput qPCR showed that mexF, acrA-02, fabK, etc. were screened at 5 mg/L TCS. IntI1 and tnpA-04 were abundant mobile genetic elements. The study furthers understanding of effects of TCS on PD, bacterial communities and ARGs in SMBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiang-Hui Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hui-Hui Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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22
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Flynn J, Mallen S, Durack E, O'Connor PM, Hudson SP. Mesoporous matrices for the delivery of the broad spectrum bacteriocin, nisin A. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 537:396-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Arias-Cavieres A, More J, Vicente JM, Adasme T, Hidalgo J, Valdés JL, Humeres A, Valdés-Undurraga I, Sánchez G, Hidalgo C, Barrientos G. Triclosan Impairs Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Spatial Memory in Male Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:429. [PMID: 30534053 PMCID: PMC6275195 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan, a widely used industrial and household agent, is present as an antiseptic ingredient in numerous products of everyday use, such as toothpaste, cosmetics, kitchenware, and toys. Previous studies have shown that human brain and animal tissues contain triclosan, which has been found also as a contaminant of water and soil. Triclosan disrupts heart and skeletal muscle Ca2+ signaling, damages liver function, alters gut microbiota, causes colonic inflammation, and promotes apoptosis in cultured neocortical neurons and neural stem cells. Information, however, on the possible effects of triclosan on the function of the hippocampus, a key brain region for spatial learning and memory, is lacking. Here, we report that triclosan addition at low concentrations to hippocampal slices from male rats inhibited long-term potentiation but did not affect basal synaptic transmission or paired-pulse facilitation and modified the content or phosphorylation levels of synaptic plasticity-related proteins. Additionally, incubation of primary hippocampal cultures with triclosan prevented both the dendritic spine remodeling induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the emergence of spontaneous oscillatory Ca2+ signals. Furthermore, intra-hippocampal injection of triclosan significantly disrupted rat navigation in the Oasis maze spatial memory task, an indication that triclosan impairs hippocampus-dependent spatial memory performance. Based on these combined results, we conclude that triclosan exerts highly damaging effects on hippocampal neuronal function in vitro and impairs spatial memory processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamileth More
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Tatiana Adasme
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Hidalgo
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Luis Valdés
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Humeres
- Department of Morphofunction, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Gina Sánchez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- CEMC, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- CEMC, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Genaro Barrientos
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- CEMC, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ko SJ, Kim MK, Bang JK, Seo CH, Luchian T, Park Y. Macropis fulvipes Venom component Macropin Exerts its Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Properties by Damaging the Plasma Membranes of Drug Resistant Bacteria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16580. [PMID: 29185466 PMCID: PMC5707368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The abuse of antibiotics for disease treatment has led to the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides, found naturally in various organisms, have received increasing interest as alternatives to conventional antibiotics because of their broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity. In a previous report, Macropin, isolated from bee venom, exhibited antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and negative bacteria. In the present study, Macropin was synthesized and its antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities were tested against bacterial strains, including gram-positive and negative bacteria, and drug resistant bacteria. Moreover, Macropin did not exhibit hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity to keratinocytes, whereas Melittin, as a positive control, showed very high toxicity. Circular dichroism assays showed that Macropin has an α-helical structure in membrane mimic environments. Macropin binds to peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide and kills the bacteria by disrupting their membranes. Moreover, the fractional inhibitory concentration index indicated that Macropin has additive and partially synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics against drug resistant bacteria. Thus, our study suggested that Macropin has potential for use of an antimicrobial agent for infectious bacteria, including drug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju, 314-701, South Korea
| | - Tudor Luchian
- Department of Physics, Alexandru I. Cuza University, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea. .,Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea.
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25
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Coetzee I, Bezuidenhout CC, Bezuidenhout JJ. Triclosan resistant bacteria in sewage effluent and cross-resistance to antibiotics. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:1500-1509. [PMID: 28953476 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify triclosan tolerant heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria from sewage effluent and to determine cross-resistance to antibiotics. R2 agar supplemented with triclosan was utilised to isolate triclosan resistant bacteria and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted to identify the isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of organisms were determined at selected concentrations of triclosan and cross-resistance to various antibiotics was performed. High-performance liquid chromatography was conducted to quantify levels of triclosan in sewage water. Forty-four HPC were isolated and identified as the five main genera, namely, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Brevibacillus and Paenibacillus. MIC values of these isolates ranged from 0.125 mg/L to >1 mg/L of triclosan, while combination of antimicrobials indicated synergism or antagonism. Levels of triclosan within the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) ranged between 0.026 and 1.488 ppb. Triclosan concentrations were reduced by the WWTP, but small concentrations enter receiving freshwater bodies. Results presented indicate that these levels are sufficient to maintain triclosan resistant bacteria under controlled conditions. Further studies are thus needed into the impact of this scenario on such natural receiving water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Coetzee
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management: Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
| | - C C Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management: Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
| | - J J Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management: Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
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Bielawski K, Leszczyńska K, Kałuża Z, Bielawska A, Michalak O, Daniluk T, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Czajkowska A, Pawłowska N, Gornowicz A. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of chiral quaternary N-spiro ammonium bromides with 3',4'-dihydro-1'H-spiro[isoindoline-2,2'-isoquinoline] skeleton. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:2015-2028. [PMID: 28740363 PMCID: PMC5503491 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s133250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of highly functionalized tetrahydroisoquinolines with a quaternary carbon stereocenter was synthesized starting from an easily accessible L-tartaric acid. Nine strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni) were used for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of synthesized compounds. The influence of analyzed compounds on viability and induction of apoptosis in human skin fibroblasts was determined. A majority of the synthesized compounds showed the strongest antibacterial properties toward some gram-negative bacteria (M. catarrhalis and C. jejuni) with a high level of selectivity. High antibacterial compounds have bactericidal activity ratio MBC/MIC ≤4. Our studies also proved that the novel compounds do not possess cytotoxic and proapoptotic potential in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zbigniew Kałuża
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Olga Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
| | - Tamara Daniluk
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok
| | | | - Anna Czajkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Gornowicz
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Nikokar I, Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie H, Ganjian H. Variations in Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus after Povidone-Iodine Stress. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Leite de Souza E. The effects of sublethal doses of essential oils and their constituents on antimicrobial susceptibility and antibiotic resistance among food-related bacteria: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Falanga A, Lombardi L, Franci G, Vitiello M, Iovene MR, Morelli G, Galdiero M, Galdiero S. Marine Antimicrobial Peptides: Nature Provides Templates for the Design of Novel Compounds against Pathogenic Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050785. [PMID: 27213366 PMCID: PMC4881601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections brought the idea that bacteria would no longer endanger human health. However, bacterial diseases still represent a worldwide treat. The ability of microorganisms to develop resistance, together with the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, is mainly responsible for this situation; thus, resistance has compelled the scientific community to search for novel therapeutics. In this scenario, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide a promising strategy against a wide array of pathogenic microorganisms, being able to act directly as antimicrobial agents but also being important regulators of the innate immune system. This review is an attempt to explore marine AMPs as a rich source of molecules with antimicrobial activity. In fact, the sea is poorly explored in terms of AMPs, but it represents a resource with plentiful antibacterial agents performing their role in a harsh environment. For the application of AMPs in the medical field limitations correlated to their peptide nature, their inactivation by environmental pH, presence of salts, proteases, or other components have to be solved. Thus, these peptides may act as templates for the design of more potent and less toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB-University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Lucia Lombardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Vitiello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Iovene
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB-University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB-University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
- John Felice Rome Center, Loyola University Chicago, Via Massimi 114, 00136 Roma, Italy.
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Heffernan AL, Baduel C, Toms LML, Calafat AM, Ye X, Hobson P, Broomhall S, Mueller JF. Use of pooled samples to assess human exposure to parabens, benzophenone-3 and triclosan in Queensland, Australia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 85:77-83. [PMID: 26368661 PMCID: PMC5537729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Parabens, benzophenone-3 and triclosan are common ingredients used as preservatives, ultraviolet radiation filters and antimicrobial agents, respectively. Human exposure occurs through consumption of processed food and use of cosmetics and consumer products. The aim of this study was to provide a preliminary characterisation of exposure to selected personal care product chemicals in the general Australian population. De-identified urine specimens stratified by age and sex were obtained from a community-based pathology laboratory and pooled (n=24 pools of 100). Concentrations of free and total (sum of free plus conjugated) species of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl paraben, benzophenone-3 and triclosan were quantified using isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry; with geometric means 232, 33.5, 60.6, 4.32, 61.5 and 87.7ng/mL, respectively. Age was inversely associated with paraben concentration, and females had concentrations approximately two times higher than males. Total paraben and benzophenone-3 concentrations are significantly higher than reported worldwide, and the average triclosan concentration was more than one order of magnitude higher than in many other populations. This study provides the first data on exposure of the general Australian population to a range of common personal care product chemical ingredients, which appears to be prevalent and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Heffernan
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - C Baduel
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - L M L Toms
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - A M Calafat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - X Ye
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - P Hobson
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology Taringa, QLD, Australia.
| | - S Broomhall
- The Department of Environment, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - J F Mueller
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Membrane interaction of a new synthetic antimicrobial lipopeptide sp-85 with broad spectrum activity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Martins C, Correia VG, Aguiar-Ricardo A, Cunha Â, Moutinho MGM. Antimicrobial activity of new green-functionalized oxazoline-based oligomers against clinical isolates. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:382. [PMID: 26240780 PMCID: PMC4516143 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The search for new antimicrobial compounds able to overcome the global issue of microbial resistance to antibiotics is a priority worldwide. Moreover, several commensal microorganisms have been increasingly associated to opportunistic microbial infections. Having previously disclosed the green synthesis and preliminary characterization of the oligomers [linear oligo(ethylenimine) hydrochloride and oligo(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) quaternized with N,N-dimethyldodecylamine] we herein report on the screening of these oligomers against a battery of 69 clinical isolates of Aerococcus spp., Candida spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. Findings The isolates’ susceptibility to both oligomers was evaluated by determining their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the biocidal effectiveness of each compound was further confirmed through spectrophotometric measurements and fluorescence microscopy. The MIC values of the 69 isolates were highly variable, yet favourably comparable with those of other antimicrobial polymers. The viability assays resulted in 100% of microbial killing rate after only 5 min, highlighting the promising antimicrobial action of these oligomers. Conclusions Though further studies are required, evidence suggests that a strong effort should be done in order to confirm these compounds as valid alternatives for several clinical applications. This is reinforced by their well described biocompatibility with human tissues and by their proposed mechanism of action which difficult the development of microbial resistance to these compounds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-015-1166-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Martins
- CiiEM-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz Quinta da Granja, Campus Universitário, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal ; Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vanessa G Correia
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Aguiar-Ricardo
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Guilhermina M Moutinho
- CiiEM-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz Quinta da Granja, Campus Universitário, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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Sánchez MB, Decorosi F, Viti C, Oggioni MR, Martínez JL, Hernández A. Predictive Studies Suggest that the Risk for the Selection of Antibiotic Resistance by Biocides Is Likely Low in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26201074 PMCID: PMC4511778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocides are used without restriction for several purposes. As a consequence, large amounts of biocides are released without any control in the environment, a situation that can challenge the microbial population dynamics, including selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Previous work has shown that triclosan selects Stenotrophomonas maltophilia antibiotic resistant mutants overexpressing the efflux pump SmeDEF and induces expression of this pump triggering transient low-level resistance. In the present work we analyze if two other common biocides, benzalkonium chloride and hexachlorophene, trigger antibiotic resistance in S. maltophilia. Bioinformatic and biochemical methods showed that benzalkonium chloride and hexachlorophene bind the repressor of smeDEF, SmeT. Only benzalkonium chloride triggers expression of smeD and its effect in transient antibiotic resistance is minor. None of the hexachlorophene-selected mutants was antibiotic resistant. Two benzalkonium chloride resistant mutants presented reduced susceptibility to antibiotics and were impaired in growth. Metabolic profiling showed they were more proficient than their parental strain in the use of some dipeptides. We can then conclude that although bioinformatic predictions and biochemical studies suggest that both hexachlorophene and benzalkonium chloride should induce smeDEF expression leading to transient S. maltophilia resistance to antibiotics, phenotypic assays showed this not to be true. The facts that hexachlorophene resistant mutants are not antibiotic resistant and that the benzalkonium chloride resistant mutants presenting altered susceptibility to antibiotics were impaired in growth suggests that the risk for the selection (and fixation) of S. maltophilia antibiotic resistant mutants by these biocides is likely low, at least in the absence of constant selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Blanca Sánchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Decorosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Viti
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | | | - José Luis Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (AH); (JLM)
| | - Alvaro Hernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (AH); (JLM)
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Ebrahim-Saraie HS, Motamedifar M, Sarvari J, Hoseini Alfatemi SM. Emergence of SCCmec Type I Obtained From Clinical Samples in Shiraz Teaching Hospitals, South-West of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e16998. [PMID: 26322200 PMCID: PMC4549488 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.16998v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to be a major cause of nosocomial infections. Methicillin resistance in S. aureus is caused by the acquisition of the mecA gene, located on a mobile genetic element called the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the predominant SCCmec type present among clinical isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 146 MRSA isolates obtained from clinical specimens between 2012 and 2013 from two major hospitals in Shiraz, Southwest of Iran. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined by the disc diffusion method according to the guidelines of The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Bacterial DNA was extracted using the small-scale phenol-chloroform extraction method and was employed as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) templates for the assigned current SCCmec types. RESULTS The assigned SCCmec types by PCR revealed the SCCmec type I as the predominant type with 86 (58.9%) samples, followed by the SCCmec type II with 29 (19.9%), type III with 16 (11.0%), and type IV with 12 (8.2%) samples, respectively. The SCCmec type I MRSA isolates were significantly recovered from blood (80%) and sputum (67.2%). The results of antibacterial susceptibility tests for the MRSA isolates showed that all of those carrying the SCCmec type I and II had significantly greater resistance rates to Gentamicin and Rifampin than the isolates containing the SCCmec type III. Also, a significant difference was detected for susceptibility to Co-trimoxazole between the SCCmec type I and II MRSA isolates and the SCCmec type III, which was more resistant. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of the isolates containing type I in the current study can indicate an emergence of this SCCmec type in the studied medical centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Motamedifar, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9173147718, Fax: +98-7132304356, E-mail:
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Lavilla Lerma L, Benomar N, Casado Muñoz MDC, Gálvez A, Abriouel H. Correlation between antibiotic and biocide resistance in mesophilic and psychrotrophic Pseudomonas spp. isolated from slaughterhouse surfaces throughout meat chain production. Food Microbiol 2015; 51:33-44. [PMID: 26187825 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate biocide susceptibility in mesophilic and psychrotrophic pseudomonads isolated from surfaces of a goat and lamb slaughterhouse, which was representative of the region. To determine biocide resistance in pseudomonads, we determined for the first time the epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) of benzalkonium, cetrimide, chlorhexidine, hexachlorophene, P3 oxonia, polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG), topax 66 and triclosan being generally very similar in different Pseudomonas spp. with some exceptions. Thus, resistance of pseudomonads was mainly shown to triclosan, and in lesser extent to cetrimide and benzalkonium chloride depending on the species, however they were highly susceptible to industrial formulations of biocides. By means of statistical analysis, positive correlations between antibiotics, biocides and both antimicrobials in pseudomonads were detected suggesting a co- or cross resistance between different antimicrobials in goat and lamb slaughterhouse environment. Cross-resistance between biocides and antibiotics in pseudomonads were especially detected between PHMG or triclosan and different antibiotics depending on the biocide and the population type. Thus, the use of those biocides as disinfectant in slaughterhouse zones must be carefully evaluated because of the selection pressure effect of antimicrobials on the emergence of resistant bacteria which could be spread to the consumer. It is noteworthy that specific industrial formulations such as topax 66 and oxonia P3 showed few correlations with antibiotics (none or 1-2 antibiotics) which should be taken into consideration for disinfection practices in goat and lamb slaughterhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Lavilla Lerma
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Nabil Benomar
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Casado Muñoz
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Hikmate Abriouel
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Sarkar R, Mondal C, Bera R, Chakraborty S, Barik R, Roy P, Kumar A, Yadav KK, Choudhury J, Chaudhary SK, Samanta SK, Karmakar S, Das S, Mukherjee PK, Mukherjee J, Sen T. Antimicrobial properties of K
alanchoe blossfeldiana: a focus on drug resistance with particular reference to quorum sensing-mediated bacterial biofilm formation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:951-62. [PMID: 25827848 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study attempts to investigate the antimicrobial properties of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana with a particular reference to quorum sensing (QS)-mediated biofilm formation.
Methods
The methanol extract of K. blossfeldiana leaves (MEKB) was evaluated for antimicrobial properties including QS-controlled production of biofilm (including virulence factor, motility and lactone formation) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methanol extract of K. blossfeldiana was also evaluated for anti-cytokine (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta) properties in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Key findings
Methanol extract of K. blossfeldiana exhibited antimicrobial effect on clinical isolates, as well as standard reference strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to MEKB (subminimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)) displayed reduced biofilm formation, whereas supra-MIC produced destruction of preformed biofilms. Methanol extract of K. blossfeldiana reduced the secretion of virulence factors (protease and pyoverdin) along with generation of acyl homoserine lactone (AHL). Confocal laser scanning microscopy images indicate reduction of biofilm thickness. The extract also reduced cytokine formation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PBMC.
Conclusions
K alanchoe blossfeldiana was found to interfere with AHL production, which in turn may be responsible for downregulating QS-mediated production of biofilm and virulence. This first report on the antibiofilm and anticytokine properties of this plant may open up new vistas for future exploration of this plant for combating biofilm-related resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Sarkar
- Division of Pharmacology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chaitali Mondal
- Division of Pharmacology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sumon Chakraborty
- Division of Pharmacology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajib Barik
- TCG Life Sciences Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Paramita Roy
- Division of Pharmacology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Alekh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kirendra K Yadav
- Division of Pharmacology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayanta Choudhury
- Department of Environmental Studies, School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sushil K Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Samir K Samanta
- Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Uluberia, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Division of Pharmacology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Satadal Das
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, B.K. Roy Research Center, Peerless Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pulok K Mukherjee
- Division of Pharmacology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- Department of Environmental Studies, School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tuhinadri Sen
- Division of Pharmacology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Yumoto H, Hirota K, Hirao K, Miyazaki T, Yamamoto N, Miyamoto K, Murakami K, Fujiwara N, Matsuo T, Miyake Y. Anti-inflammatory and protective effects of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer on oral epithelial cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:555-63. [PMID: 24753309 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by a microbial biofilm formed in the periodontal pocket. Gingival epithelium plays important roles as the first physical barrier to bacterial invasion and in orchestrating the innate immune reaction via toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize various bacterial products, and maintaining its function. Newly developed oral care products to inhibit bacterial adherence, subsequent inflammatory reaction and protect the gingival epithelium are expected. We previously reported that 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-polymer coating decreased bacterial adhesion to human oral keratinocytes, RT-7, and mouth-rinsing with MPC-polymer inhibited the increase of oral bacteria. In this study, regarding the possibility of MPC-polymer application for preventing the adherence of periodontal pathogen, subsequent inflammatory reaction and protection of gingival epithelium, we examined the effects of MPC-polymer on the adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, major periodontitis-related pathogen, and TLR2 ligand to RT-7 and subsequent interleukin (IL)-8 production. MPC-polymer treatment significantly reduced P. gingivalis adherence by 44% and TLR2-mediated IL-8 production by blocking the binding of its specific-ligand in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, MPC-polymer pretreatment protected RT-7 from injury by chemical irritants, cetylpyridinium chloride. These findings suggest that MPC-polymer is potentially useful for oral care to prevent oral infection and to maintain oral epithelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
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He GX, Landry M, Chen H, Thorpe C, Walsh D, Varela MF, Pan H. Detection of benzalkonium chloride resistance in community environmental isolates of staphylococci. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:735-741. [PMID: 24586033 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.073072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated a total of 653 strains from 64 community environmental samples in Massachusetts, USA. Among these isolates, 9.65 % (63 strains) were benzalkonium chloride (BC)-resistant staphylococci. All BC-resistant strains were collected from surfaces upon which antibacterial wipes or antibacterial sprays containing 0.02-0.12 % BC had frequently been used in the fitness centres. However, isolates from surfaces upon which antibacterial wipes or antibacterial sprays had not been used were all sensitive to BC. All BC-resistant strains were also resistant to erythromycin, penicillin and ampicillin. In addition, 51 strains showed resistance to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), 15 strains showed resistance to chloramphenicol, 12 strains showed resistance to ciprofloxacin and four strains showed resistance to meticillin. Resistance gene analysis demonstrated that 41 strains contained qacA/B, 30 strains had qacC, 25 strains contained qacG, 16 strains had qacH and eight strains contained qacJ. These data indicate that application of BC is associated with environmental staphylococcal antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Xin He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Michael Landry
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Huizhong Chen
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Conner Thorpe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Dennis Walsh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Manuel F Varela
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA
| | - Hongmiao Pan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Morrissey I, Oggioni MR, Knight D, Curiao T, Coque T, Kalkanci A, Martinez JL. Evaluation of epidemiological cut-off values indicates that biocide resistant subpopulations are uncommon in natural isolates of clinically-relevant microorganisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86669. [PMID: 24466194 PMCID: PMC3900580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To date there are no clear criteria to determine whether a microbe is susceptible to biocides or not. As a starting point for distinguishing between wild-type and resistant organisms, we set out to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) distributions for four common biocides; triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite for 3319 clinical isolates, with a particular focus on Staphylococcus aureus (N = 1635) and Salmonella spp. (N = 901) but also including Escherichia coli (N = 368), Candida albicans (N = 200), Klebsiella pneumoniae (N = 60), Enterobacter spp. (N = 54), Enterococcus faecium (N = 53), and Enterococcus faecalis (N = 56). From these data epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) are proposed. As would be expected, MBCs were higher than MICs for all biocides. In most cases both values followed a normal distribution. Bimodal distributions, indicating the existence of biocide resistant subpopulations were observed for Enterobacter chlorhexidine susceptibility (both MICs and MBCs) and the susceptibility to triclosan of Enterobacter (MBC), E. coli (MBC and MIC) and S. aureus (MBC and MIC). There is a concern on the potential selection of antibiotic resistance by biocides. Our results indicate however that resistance to biocides and, hence any potential association with antibiotic resistance, is uncommon in natural populations of clinically relevant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tania Curiao
- Servicio de Microbiología and CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Coque
- Servicio de Microbiología and CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ayse Kalkanci
- Gazi University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Thomsen NA, Hammer KA, Riley TV, Van Belkum A, Carson CF. Effect of habituation to tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil on the subsequent susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. to antimicrobials, triclosan, tea tree oil, terpinen-4-ol and carvacrol. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 41:343-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tseng YH, Sun DS, Wu WS, Chan H, Syue MS, Ho HC, Chang HH. Antibacterial performance of nanoscaled visible-light responsive platinum-containing titania photocatalyst in vitro and in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3787-95. [PMID: 23542693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional antibacterial photocatalysts are primarily induced by ultraviolet light to elicit antibacterial reactive oxygen species. New generation visible-light responsive photocatalysts were discovered, offering greater opportunity to use photocatalysts as disinfectants in our living environment. Recently, we found that visible-light responsive platinum-containing titania (TiO2-Pt) exerted high performance antibacterial property against soil-borne pathogens even in soil highly contaminated water. However, its physical and photocatalytic properties, and the application in vivo have not been well-characterized. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum and the removal rate of nitrogen oxides were therefore analyzed. The antibacterial performance under in vitro and in vivo conditions was evaluated. RESULTS The apparent quantum efficiency for visible light illuminated TiO2-Pt is relatively higher than several other titania photocatalysts. The killing effect achieved approximately 2 log reductions of pathogenic bacteria in vitro. Illumination of injected TiO2-Pt successfully ameliorated the subcutaneous infection in mice. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration of in vivo antibacterial use of TiO2-Pt nanoparticles. When compared to nanoparticles of some other visible-light responsive photocatalysts, TiO2-Pt nanoparticles induced less adverse effects such as exacerbated platelet clearance and hepatic cytotoxicity in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that the TiO2-Pt may have potential application on the development of an antibacterial material in both in vitro and in vivo settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Transfer of multidrug-resistant bacteria between intermingled ecological niches: the interface between humans, animals and the environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:278-94. [PMID: 23343983 PMCID: PMC3564142 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of antimicrobial agents has been claimed to be the driving force for the emergence and spread of microbial resistance. However, several studies have reported the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in populations exposed to low levels of antimicrobial drugs or even never exposed. For many pathogens, especially those organisms for which asymptomatic colonization typically precedes infection (e.g., Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli), the selective effects of antimicrobial use can only be understood if we considerer all biological and environmental pathways which enable these bacteria, and the genes they carry, to spread between different biomes. This ecological framework provides an essential perspective for formulating antimicrobial use policies, precisely because it encompasses the root causes of these problems rather than merely their consequences.
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Inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes as anti-infective, anticancer and anti-obesity drugs. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1113-51. [PMID: 22709254 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large range of diseases, such diabetes and cancer, which are connected to abnormal fatty acid metabolism in human cells. Therefore, inhibitors of human fatty acid synthase have great potential to manage or treat these diseases. In prokaryotes, fatty acid synthesis is important for signaling, as well as providing starting materials for the synthesis of phospholipids, which are required for the formation of the cell membrane. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the development of new molecules that target bacterial fatty acid synthases for the treatment of bacterial diseases. In this review, we look at the differences and similarities between fatty acid synthesis in humans and bacteria and highlight various small molecules that have been shown to inhibit either the mammalian or bacterial fatty acid synthase or both.
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Amábile-Cuevas CF. Antibiotic resistance: from Darwin to Lederberg to Keynes. Microb Drug Resist 2012; 19:73-87. [PMID: 23046150 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria reflects both, a gradual, completely Darwinian evolution, which mostly yields slight decreases in antibiotic susceptibility, along with phenotypes that are not precisely characterized as "resistance"; and sudden changes, from full susceptibility to full resistance, which are driven by a vast array of horizontal gene transfer mechanisms. Antibiotics select for more than just antibiotic resistance (i.e., increased virulence and enhanced gene exchange abilities); and many non-antibiotic agents or conditions select for or maintain antibiotic resistance traits as a result of a complex network of underlying and often overlapping mechanisms. Thus, the development of new antibiotics and thoughtful, integrated anti-infective strategies is needed to address the immediate and long-term threat of antibiotic resistance. Since the biology of resistance is complex, these new drugs and strategies will not come from free-market forces, or from "incentives" for pharmaceutical companies.
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Visible light–responsive core-shell structured In2O3@CaIn2O4 photocatalyst with superior bactericidal properties and biocompatibility. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:609-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bactericidal effects and mechanisms of visible light-responsive titanium dioxide photocatalysts on pathogenic bacteria. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2012; 60:267-75. [PMID: 22678625 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the antibacterial activities of visible light-responsive titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) photocatalysts. These photocatalysts have a range of applications including disinfection, air and water cleaning, deodorization, and pollution and environmental control. Titanium dioxide is a chemically stable and inert material, and can continuously exert antimicrobial effects when illuminated. The energy source could be solar light; therefore, TiO(2) photocatalysts are also useful in remote areas where electricity is insufficient. However, because of its large band gap for excitation, only biohazardous ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation can excite TiO(2), which limits its application in the living environment. To extend its application, impurity doping, through metal coating and controlled calcination, has successfully modified the substrates of TiO(2) to expand its absorption wavelengths to the visible light region. Previous studies have investigated the antibacterial abilities of visible light-responsive photocatalysts using the model bacteria Escherichia coli and human pathogens. The modified TiO(2) photocatalysts significantly reduced the numbers of surviving bacterial cells in response to visible light illumination. They also significantly reduced the activity of bacterial endospores; reducing their toxicity while retaining their germinating abilities. It is suggested that the photocatalytic killing mechanism initially damages the surfaces weak points of the bacterial cells, before totally breakage of the cell membranes. The internal bacterial components then leak from the cells through the damaged sites. Finally, the photocatalytic reaction oxidizes the cell debris. In summary, visible light-responsive TiO(2) photocatalysts are more convenient than the traditional UV light-responsive TiO(2) photocatalysts because they do not require harmful UV light irradiation to function. These photocatalysts, thus, provide a promising and feasible approach for disinfection of pathogenic bacteria; facilitating the prevention of infectious diseases.
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Yumoto H, Tominaga T, Hirao K, Kimura T, Takahashi K, Sumitomo T, Bando N, Matsuo T. Bactericidal activity and oral pathogen inactivation by electromagnetic wave irradiation. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:181-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Baltzer SA, Brown MH. Antimicrobial Peptides – Promising Alternatives to Conventional Antibiotics. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 20:228-35. [DOI: 10.1159/000331009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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