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Aranha MR, Montal V, van den Brink H, Pegueroles J, Carmona‐Iragui M, Videla L, Maure Blesa L, Benejam B, Arranz J, Valldeneu S, Barroeta I, Fernández S, Ribas L, Alcolea D, González‐Ortiz S, Bargalló N, Biessels GJ, Blesa R, Lleó A, Coutinho AM, Leite CC, Bejanin A, Fortea J. Cortical microinfarcts in adults with Down syndrome assessed with 3T-MRI. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3906-3917. [PMID: 38644660 PMCID: PMC11180852 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical microinfarcts (CMI) were attributed to cerebrovascular disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is frequent in Down syndrome (DS) while hypertension is rare, yet no studies have assessed CMI in DS. METHODS We included 195 adults with DS, 63 with symptomatic sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 106 controls with 3T magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed CMI prevalence in each group and CMI association with age, AD clinical continuum, vascular risk factors, vascular neuroimaging findings, amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration biomarkers, and cognition in DS. RESULTS CMI prevalence was 11.8% in DS, 4.7% in controls, and 17.5% in sporadic AD. In DS, CMI increased in prevalence with age and the AD clinical continuum, was clustered in the parietal lobes, and was associated with lacunes and cortico-subcortical infarcts, but not hemorrhagic lesions. DISCUSSION In DS, CMI are posteriorly distributed and related to ischemic but not hemorrhagic findings suggesting they might be associated with a specific ischemic CAA phenotype. HIGHLIGHTS This is the first study to assess cortical microinfarcts (assessed with 3T magnetic resonance imaging) in adults with Down syndrome (DS). We studied the prevalence of cortical microinfarcts in DS and its relationship with age, the Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical continuum, vascular risk factors, vascular neuroimaging findings, amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration biomarkers, and cognition. The prevalence of cortical microinfarcts was 11.8% in DS and increased with age and along the AD clinical continuum. Cortical microinfarcts were clustered in the parietal lobes, and were associated with lacunes and cortico-subcortical infarcts, but not hemorrhagic lesions. In DS, cortical microinfarcts are posteriorly distributed and related to ischemic but not hemorrhagic findings suggesting they might be associated with a specific ischemic phenotype of cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
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Khalil M, Teunissen CE, Lehmann S, Otto M, Piehl F, Ziemssen T, Bittner S, Sormani MP, Gattringer T, Abu-Rumeileh S, Thebault S, Abdelhak A, Green A, Benkert P, Kappos L, Comabella M, Tumani H, Freedman MS, Petzold A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Leppert D, Kuhle J. Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders - towards clinical application. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:269-287. [PMID: 38609644 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Neurofilament proteins have been validated as specific body fluid biomarkers of neuro-axonal injury. The advent of highly sensitive analytical platforms that enable reliable quantification of neurofilaments in blood samples and simplify longitudinal follow-up has paved the way for the development of neurofilaments as a biomarker in clinical practice. Potential applications include assessment of disease activity, monitoring of treatment responses, and determining prognosis in many acute and chronic neurological disorders as well as their use as an outcome measure in trials of novel therapies. Progress has now moved the measurement of neurofilaments to the doorstep of routine clinical practice for the evaluation of individuals. In this Review, we first outline current knowledge on the structure and function of neurofilaments. We then discuss analytical and statistical approaches and challenges in determining neurofilament levels in different clinical contexts and assess the implications of neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in normal ageing and the confounding factors that need to be considered when interpreting NfL measures. In addition, we summarize the current value and potential clinical applications of neurofilaments as a biomarker of neuro-axonal damage in a range of neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke and cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and Parkinson disease. We also consider the steps needed to complete the translation of neurofilaments from the laboratory to the management of neurological diseases in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Khalil
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- LBPC-PPC, Université de Montpellier, INM INSERM, IRMB CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Pia Sormani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Thomas Gattringer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Samir Abu-Rumeileh
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon Thebault
- Multiple Sclerosis Division, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdelhak
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari Green
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pascal Benkert
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Neurology Department, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, CSF Laboratory, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mark S Freedman
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Axel Petzold
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and the Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Leppert
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Wang S, Xie S, Zheng Q, Zhang Z, Wang T, Zhang G. Biofluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1380237. [PMID: 38659704 PMCID: PMC11039951 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1380237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, with a complex pathogenesis and an irreversible course. Therefore, the early diagnosis of AD is particularly important for the intervention, prevention, and treatment of the disease. Based on the different pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, the research progress of biofluid biomarkers are classified and reviewed. In the end, the challenges and perspectives of future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Wang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Sitan Xie
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinpin Zheng
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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4
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Delaby C, Lehmann S. [On the road to biological blood diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:351-360. [PMID: 38651960 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2024037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a major public health problem. The diagnosis of AD is multidisciplinary and involves the use of amyloid and tau biomarkers measured in cerebrospinal fluid. Recent advances in analytical techniques now allow us to measure these biomarkers in blood. Blood biomarkers offer particularly promising potential for early, minimally invasive detection of AD, as well as for differential diagnosis of dementia and patient follow-up. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current and candidate blood biomarkers for AD, their informative value, and their potential to be integrated into clinical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Delaby
- LBPC-PPC, Université Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM Inserm U1298, Montpellier, France - Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelone, Espagne
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- LBPC-PPC, Université Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM Inserm U1298, Montpellier, France
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Schworer EK, Handen BL, Petersen M, O'Bryant S, Peven JC, Tudorascu DL, Lee L, Krinsky‐McHale SJ, Hom CL, Clare ICH, Christian BT, Schupf N, Lee JH, Head E, Mapstone M, Lott I, Ances BM, Zaman S, Brickman AM, Lai F, Rosas HD, Hartley SL. Cognitive and functional performance and plasma biomarkers of early Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12582. [PMID: 38623384 PMCID: PMC11016818 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with Down syndrome (DS) have a 75% to 90% lifetime risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD pathology begins a decade or more prior to onset of clinical AD dementia in people with DS. It is not clear if plasma biomarkers of AD pathology are correlated with early cognitive and functional impairments in DS, and if these biomarkers could be used to track the early stages of AD in DS or to inform inclusion criteria for clinical AD treatment trials. METHODS This large cross-sectional cohort study investigated the associations between plasma biomarkers of amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40, total tau, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) and cognitive (episodic memory, visual-motor integration, and visuospatial abilities) and functional (adaptive behavior) impairments in 260 adults with DS without dementia (aged 25-81 years). RESULTS In general linear models lower plasma Aβ42/40 was related to lower visuospatial ability, higher total tau was related to lower episodic memory, and higher NfL was related to lower visuospatial ability and lower episodic memory. DISCUSSION Plasma biomarkers may have utility in tracking AD pathology associated with early stages of cognitive decline in adults with DS, although associations were modest. Highlights Plasma Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers correlate with cognition prior to dementia in Down syndrome.Lower plasma amyloid beta 42/40 was related to lower visuospatial abilities.Higher plasma total tau and neurofilament light chain were associated with lower cognitive performance.Plasma biomarkers show potential for tracking early stages of AD symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin L. Handen
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Melissa Petersen
- Department of Family Medicine and Institute for Translational ResearchUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Sid O'Bryant
- Department of Family Medicine and Institute for Translational ResearchUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Jamie C. Peven
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dana L. Tudorascu
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Laisze Lee
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sharon J. Krinsky‐McHale
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNew YorkUSA
| | - Christy L. Hom
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainSergievsky Centerand Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Joseph H. Lee
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainSergievsky Centerand Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine School of MedicineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine School of MedicineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ira Lott
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine School of MedicineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Beau M. Ances
- Department of NeurologyWashington University at St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Shahid Zaman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainSergievsky Centerand Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Florence Lai
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - H. Diana Rosas
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Neuro‐imaging of Aging and Neurodegenerative DiseasesMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sigan L. Hartley
- Waisman CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- School of Human EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
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Sukreet S, Rafii MS, Rissman RA. From understanding to action: Exploring molecular connections of Down syndrome to Alzheimer's disease for targeted therapeutic approach. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12580. [PMID: 38623383 PMCID: PMC11016820 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by a third copy of chromosome 21. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Both disorders have elevated Aβ, tau, dysregulated immune response, and inflammation. In people with DS, Hsa21 genes like APP and DYRK1A are overexpressed, causing an accumulation of amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles, and potentially contributing to an increased risk of AD. As a result, people with DS are a key demographic for research into AD therapeutics and prevention. The molecular links between DS and AD shed insights into the underlying causes of both diseases and highlight potential therapeutic targets. Also, using biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring is an active area of research, and genetic screening for high-risk individuals may enable earlier intervention. Finally, the fundamental mechanistic parallels between DS and AD emphasize the necessity for continued research into effective treatments and prevention measures for DS patients at risk for AD. Genetic screening with customized therapy approaches may help the DS population in current clinical studies and future biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sukreet
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California‐San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael S. Rafii
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California‐San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department Physiology and Neuroscience, Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Grasso M, Fidilio A, L’Episcopo F, Recupero M, Barone C, Bacalini MG, Benatti C, Giambirtone MC, Caruso G, Greco D, Di Nuovo S, Romano C, Ferri R, Buono S, Cuello AC, Blom JMC, Tascedda F, Piazza PV, De La Torre R, Caraci F. Low TGF-β1 plasma levels are associated with cognitive decline in Down syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1379965. [PMID: 38576478 PMCID: PMC10991739 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1379965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Almost all individuals with Down's syndrome (DS) show the characteristic neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by the age of 40, yet not every individual with DS experiences symptoms of AD later in life. Similar to neurotypical developing subjects, AD in people with DS lasts for a long preclinical phase in which biomarkers follow a predictable order of changes. Hence, a prolonged asymptomatic period precedes the onset of dementia, underscoring the importance of identifying new biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of cognitive decline in individuals with DS. Blood-based biomarkers may offer an alternative non-invasive strategy for the detection of peripheral biological alterations paralleling nervous system pathology in an early phase of the AD continuum. In the last few years, a strong neurobiological link has been demonstrated between the deficit of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels, an anti-inflammatory cytokine endowed with neuroprotective activity, and early pro-inflammatory processes in the AD brain. In this clinical prospective observational study, we found significant lower plasma TGF-β1 concentrations at the first neuropsychological evaluation (baseline = T0) both in young adult DS individuals (19-35 years) and older DS subjects without AD (35-60 years) compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Interestingly, we found that the lower TGF-β1 plasma concentrations at T0 were strongly correlated with the following cognitive decline at 12 months. In addition, in young individuals with DS, we found, for the first time, a negative correlation between low TGF-β1 concentrations and high TNF-α plasma concentrations, a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is known to be associated with cognitive impairment in DS individuals with AD. Finally, adopting an ex vivo approach, we found that TGF-β1 concentrations were reduced in parallel both in the plasma and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of DS subjects, and interestingly, therapeutic concentrations of fluoxetine (FLX) applied to cultured PBMCs (1 µM for 24 h) were able to rescue TGF-β1 concentrations in the culture media from DS PBMCs, suggesting that FLX, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) endowed with neuroprotective activity, might rescue TGF-β1 concentrations in DS subjects at higher risk to develop cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Santo Di Nuovo
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Corrado Romano
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Johanna M. C. Blom
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences and Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Rafael De La Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute /HMRI, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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León-Paz-de-Rodríguez GE, Rodríguez-León E, Iñiguez-Palomares R. DNA Hyperstructure. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9013-9026. [PMID: 38434827 PMCID: PMC10905968 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a new procedure to condense DNA molecules and precipitate them onto a glass slide. The resulting DNA molecules undergo autonomous self-assembly, creating closed superstructures on the micrometer scale, which are called DNA hyperstructures. These structures can be observed using low-magnification (4×) light microscopy. Precisely controlling the alcohol/glacial acetic acid ratio and DNA concentration during precipitation enabled the regulation of structure compaction on the slide. The alcohol/glacial acetic acid ratio is inversely proportional to the DNA concentration to achieve optimal compaction on the slide. Confocal microscopy fluorescence analysis of DNA extracts stained with DAPI shows that nucleic acids self-assemble to form structures during precipitation on the slide. This methodology is relevant since it facilitates the precipitation and visualization of DNA, regardless of its origin or molecular weight. To confirm its versatility, results with DNA extracted from human peripheral blood, the Lambda virus, and plasmid pBR322 are presented. The study examined the morphological features of DNA hyperstructures in both healthy individuals and those diagnosed with different medical conditions or illnesses, revealing distinct patterns specific to each case. This innovative technology has potential for disease detection in peripheral blood samples, ranging from cancer and Alzheimer's disease to determining the gender of the gestational product at an early stage.
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Altuna M, Estanga A, Garrido A, Saldias J, Cañada M, Echeverria M, Larrea JÁ, Ayo P, Fiz A, Muñoz M, Santa-Inés J, García-Landarte V, García-Sebastián M. Down Syndrome-Basque Alzheimer Initiative (DS-BAI): Clinic-Biological Cohort. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1139. [PMID: 38398452 PMCID: PMC10889106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetically determined intellectual disability. In recent decades, it has experienced an exponential increase in life expectancy, leading to a rise in age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specific health plans for the comprehensive care of the DS community are an unmet need, which is crucial for the early and accurate diagnosis of main medical comorbidities. We present the protocol of a newly created clinical and research cohort and its feasibility in real life. METHODS The Down Syndrome-Basque Alzheimer Initiative (DS-BAI) is a population-based, inclusive, multidisciplinary initiative for the clinical-assistance and clinical-biological research approach to aging in DS led by the CITA-Alzheimer Foundation (Donostia, Basque Country). It aims to achieve the following: (1) provide comprehensive care for adults with DS, (2) optimize access to rigorous and quality training for socio-family and healthcare references, and (3) create a valuable multimodal clinical-biological research platform. RESULTS During the first year, 114 adults with DS joined the initiative, with 36% of them showing symptoms indicative of AD. Furthermore, adherence to training programs for healthcare professionals and families has been high, and the willingness to collaborate in basic and translational research has been encouraging. CONCLUSION Specific health plans for DS and conducting clinical and translational research on the challenges of aging, including AD, are necessary and feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Altuna
- Fundación CITA-Alzheimer Fundazioa, 20009 Donostia, Spain
- Debabarrena Integrated Health Organization, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, 20690 Gipuzkoa, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbo, Spain
| | - Ainara Estanga
- Fundación CITA-Alzheimer Fundazioa, 20009 Donostia, Spain
| | - Adolfo Garrido
- Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | - Jon Saldias
- Fundación CITA-Alzheimer Fundazioa, 20009 Donostia, Spain
| | - Marta Cañada
- Fundación CITA-Alzheimer Fundazioa, 20009 Donostia, Spain
| | - Maitane Echeverria
- Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | - José Ángel Larrea
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbo, Spain
- Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Radiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | | | | | - María Muñoz
- Fundación Goyeneche de San Sebastián, 20018 Donostia, Spain
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Sánchez‐Moreno B, Zhang L, Mateo G, Moldenhauer F, Brudfors M, Ashburner J, Nachev P, de Asúa DR, Strange BA. Voxel-based dysconnectomic brain morphometry with computed tomography in Down syndrome. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:143-155. [PMID: 38158639 PMCID: PMC10791030 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major health concern for aging adults with Down syndrome (DS), but conventional diagnostic techniques are less reliable in those with severe baseline disability. Likewise, acquisition of magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate cerebral atrophy is not straightforward, as prolonged scanning times are less tolerated in this population. Computed tomography (CT) scans can be obtained faster, but poor contrast resolution limits its function for morphometric analysis. We implemented an automated analysis of CT scans to characterize differences across dementia stages in a cross-sectional study of an adult DS cohort. METHODS CT scans of 98 individuals were analyzed using an automatic algorithm. Voxel-based correlations with clinical dementia stages and AD plasma biomarkers (phosphorylated tau-181 and neurofilament light chain) were identified, and their dysconnectomic patterns delineated. RESULTS Dementia severity was negatively correlated with gray (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes in temporal lobe regions, including parahippocampal gyri. Dysconnectome analysis revealed an association between WM loss and temporal lobe GM volume reduction. AD biomarkers were negatively associated with GM volume in hippocampal and cingulate gyri. INTERPRETATION Our automated algorithm and novel dysconnectomic analysis of CT scans successfully described brain morphometric differences related to AD in adults with DS, providing a new avenue for neuroimaging analysis in populations for whom magnetic resonance imaging is difficult to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez‐Moreno
- Adult Down Syndrome Unit, Department of Internal MedicineHospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain
| | - Linda Zhang
- Alzheimer Disease Research UnitCIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer CentreMadridSpain
| | - Gloria Mateo
- Adult Down Syndrome Unit, Department of Internal MedicineHospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain
| | - Fernando Moldenhauer
- Adult Down Syndrome Unit, Department of Internal MedicineHospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain
| | - Mikael Brudfors
- Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - John Ashburner
- Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Parashkev Nachev
- High‐Dimensional Neurology GroupUniversity College London Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Diego Real de Asúa
- Adult Down Syndrome Unit, Department of Internal MedicineHospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain
| | - Bryan A. Strange
- Alzheimer Disease Research UnitCIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer CentreMadridSpain
- Laboratory for Clinical NeuroscienceCTB, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
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Stern AM, Van Pelt KL, Liu L, Anderson AK, Ostaszewski B, Mapstone M, O’Bryant S, Petersen ME, Christian BT, Handen BL, Selkoe DJ, Schmitt F, Head E. Plasma NT1-tau and Aβ 42 correlate with age and cognitive function in two large Down syndrome cohorts. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5755-5764. [PMID: 37438872 PMCID: PMC10784408 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with Down syndrome (DS) often develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we asked whether ultrasensitive plasma immunoassays for a tau N-terminal fragment (NT1-tau) and Aβ isoforms predict cognitive impairment. METHODS Plasma NT1-tau, Aβ37 , Aβ40 , and Aβ42 levels were measured in a longitudinal discovery cohort (N = 85 participants, 220 samples) and a cross-sectional validation cohort (N = 239). We developed linear models and predicted values in the validation cohort. RESULTS Discovery cohort linear mixed models for NT1-tau, Aβ42 , and Aβ37:42 were significant for age; there was no main effect of time. In cross-sectional models, NT1-tau increased and Aβ42 decreased with age. NT1-tau predicted cognitive and functional scores. The discovery cohort linear model for NT1-tau predicted levels in the validation cohort. DISCUSSION NT1-tau correlates with age and worse cognition in DS. Further validation of NT1-tau and other plasma biomarkers of AD neuropathology in DS cohorts is important for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Stern
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kathryn L. Van Pelt
- Sanders-Brown Center for Aging, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Amirah K. Anderson
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Beth Ostaszewski
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868
| | - Sid O’Bryant
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | | | | | - Benjamin L. Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Dennis J. Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Frederick Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center for Aging, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
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Rozalem Aranha M, Iulita MF, Montal V, Pegueroles J, Bejanin A, Vaqué-Alcázar L, Grothe MJ, Carmona-Iragui M, Videla L, Benejam B, Arranz J, Padilla C, Valldeneu S, Barroeta I, Altuna M, Fernández S, Ribas L, Valle-Tamayo N, Alcolea D, González-Ortiz S, Bargalló N, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Blesa R, Wisniewski T, Busciglio J, Cuello AC, Lleó A, Fortea J. Basal forebrain atrophy along the Alzheimer's disease continuum in adults with Down syndrome. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4817-4827. [PMID: 37021589 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal forebrain (BF) degeneration occurs in Down syndrome (DS)-associated Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the dynamics of BF atrophy with age and disease progression, its impact on cognition, and its relationship with AD biomarkers have not been studied in DS. METHODS We included 234 adults with DS (150 asymptomatic, 38 prodromal AD, and 46 AD dementia) and 147 euploid controls. BF volumes were extracted from T-weighted magnetic resonance images using a stereotactic atlas in SPM12. We assessed BF volume changes with age and along the clinical AD continuum and their relationship to cognitive performance, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration biomarkers, and hippocampal volume. RESULTS In DS, BF volumes decreased with age and along the clinical AD continuum and significantly correlated with amyloid, tau, and neurofilament light chain changes in CSF and plasma, hippocampal volume, and cognitive performance. DISCUSSION BF atrophy is a potentially valuable neuroimaging biomarker of AD-related cholinergic neurodegeneration in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Rozalem Aranha
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Florencia Iulita
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Montal
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Pegueroles
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Bejanin
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lídia Vaqué-Alcázar
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michel J Grothe
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria Carmona-Iragui
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Videla
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bessy Benejam
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Arranz
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepción Padilla
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Valldeneu
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Barroeta
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Altuna
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Fernández
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Ribas
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Valle-Tamayo
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía González-Ortiz
- Hospital del Mar - Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Diagnostic Image Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Diagnostic Image Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, China, Hong Kong
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry and Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
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Sahrai H, Norouzi A, Hamzehzadeh S, Majdi A, Kahfi-Ghaneh R, Sadigh-Eteghad S. SIMOA-based analysis of plasma NFL levels in MCI and AD patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:331. [PMID: 37723414 PMCID: PMC10506291 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The single-molecule array assay (SIMOA)-based detection of neurofilament light (NFL) chain could be useful in diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the circulating concentration of NFL in AD and MCI patients compared with healthy controls using the SIMOA technique. METHODS To this end, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the reference lists of relevant articles were systematically searched for studies reporting serum NFL chain levels in healthy controls, MCI, and AD patients. Appropriate statistical methods were employed to achieve the study purpose. RESULTS Fifteen eligible studies including 3086 patients were pooled out of a total of 347 publications. Fixed effect model analysis showed that NFL chain level was significantly higher in the serum of patients with MCI (0.361 SMD, 95% CI, 0.286-0.435, p = 0.000, I2 = 49.179) and AD (0.808 SMD, 95% CI, 0.727-0.888, p = 0.000, I2 = 39.433) compared with healthy individuals. The analysis also showed that the NFL chain levels in plasma were significantly different between patients with MCI and AD (0.436 SMD, 95% CI, 0.359-0.513, p = 0.000, I2 = 37.44). The overall heterogeneity of the studies was modest. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of serum NFL chain detected using SIMOA in differentiating MCI, AD, and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Sahrai
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Norouzi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Hamzehzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Rana Kahfi-Ghaneh
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Rafii MS, Aisen PS. Detection and treatment of Alzheimer's disease in its preclinical stage. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:520-531. [PMID: 37202518 PMCID: PMC11110912 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal multimodal biomarker studies reveal that the continuum of Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes a long latent phase, referred to as preclinical AD, which precedes the onset of symptoms by decades. Treatment during the preclinical AD phase offers an optimal opportunity for slowing the progression of disease. However, trial design in this population is complex. In this Review, we discuss the recent advances in accurate plasma measurements, new recruitment approaches, sensitive cognitive instruments and self-reported outcomes that have facilitated the successful launch of multiple phase 3 trials for preclinical AD. The recent success of anti-amyloid immunotherapy trials in symptomatic AD has increased the enthusiasm for testing this strategy at the earliest feasible stage. We provide an outlook for standard screening of amyloid accumulation at the preclinical stage in clinically normal individuals, during which effective therapy to delay or prevent cognitive decline can be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Rafii
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chen XQ, Zuo X, Becker A, Head E, Mobley WC. Reduced synaptic proteins and SNARE complexes in Down syndrome with Alzheimer's disease and the Dp16 mouse Down syndrome model: Impact of APP gene dose. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:2095-2116. [PMID: 36370135 PMCID: PMC10175517 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synaptic failure, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is correlated with reduced levels of synaptic proteins. Though people with Down syndrome (DS) are at markedly increased risk for AD (AD-DS), few studies have addressed synapse dysfunction. METHODS Synaptic proteins were measured in the frontal cortex of DS, AD-DS, sporadic AD cases, and controls. The same proteins were examined in the Dp16 model of DS. RESULTS A common subset of synaptic proteins were reduced in AD and AD-DS, but not in DS or a case of partial trisomy 21 lacking triplication of APP gene. Pointing to compromised synaptic function, the reductions in AD and AD-DS were correlated with reduced SNARE complexes. In Dp16 mice reductions in syntaxin 1A, SNAP25 and the SNARE complex recapitulated findings in AD-DS; reductions were impacted by both age and increased App gene dose. DISCUSSION Synaptic phenotypes shared between AD-DS and AD point to shared pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qiao Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xinxin Zuo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ann Becker
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - William C Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Montoliu-Gaya L, Alcolea D, Ashton NJ, Pegueroles J, Levin J, Bosch B, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Carmona-Iragui M, Wagemann O, Balasa M, Kac PR, Barroeta I, Lladó A, Brum WS, Videla L, Gonzalez-Ortiz F, Benejam B, Arranz Martínez JJ, Karikari TK, Nübling G, Bejanin A, Benedet AL, Blesa R, Lleó A, Blennow K, Sánchez-Valle R, Zetterberg H, Fortea J. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in adults with Down syndrome: a longitudinal cohort study. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104547. [PMID: 37002988 PMCID: PMC10070083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of symptomatic Alzheimer's disease is a clinical challenge in adults with Down syndrome. Blood biomarkers would be of particular clinical importance in this population. The astrocytic Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is a marker of astrogliosis associated with amyloid pathology, but its longitudinal changes, association with other biomarkers and cognitive performance have not been studied in individuals with Down syndrome. METHODS We performed a three-centre study of adults with Down syndrome, autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease and euploid individuals enrolled in Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona (Spain), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona (Spain) and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich (Germany). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma GFAP concentrations were quantified using Simoa. A subset of participants had PET 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, amyloid tracers and MRI measurements. FINDINGS This study included 997 individuals, 585 participants with Down syndrome, 61 Familial Alzheimer's disease mutation carriers and 351 euploid individuals along the Alzheimer's disease continuum, recruited between November 2008 and May 2022. Participants with Down syndrome were clinically classified at baseline as asymptomatic, prodromal Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease dementia. Plasma GFAP levels were significantly increased in prodromal and Alzheimer's disease dementia compared to asymptomatic individuals and increased in parallel to CSF Aβ changes, ten years prior to amyloid PET positivity. Plasma GFAP presented the highest diagnostic performance to discriminate symptomatic from asymptomatic groups (AUC = 0.93, 95% CI 0.9-0.95) and its concentrations were significantly higher in progressors vs non-progressors (p < 0.001), showing an increase of 19.8% (11.8-33.0) per year in participants with dementia. Finally, plasma GFAP levels were highly correlated with cortical thinning and brain amyloid pathology. INTERPRETATION Our findings support the utility of plasma GFAP as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome, with possible applications in clinical practice and clinical trials. FUNDING AC Immune, La Caixa Foundation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, National Institute on Aging, Wellcome Trust, Jérôme Lejeune Foundation, Medical Research Council, Alzheimer's Association, National Institute for Health Research, EU Joint Programme-Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Alzheimer's Society, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Stiftung für die Erforschung von Verhaltens, Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno & European Union's Horizon 2020 und Umwelteinflüssen auf die menschliche Gesundheit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Montoliu-Gaya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Jordi Pegueroles
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - María Carmona-Iragui
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivia Wagemann
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Przemyslaw Radoslaw Kac
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Isabel Barroeta
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wagner S Brum
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Videla
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Gonzalez-Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bessy Benejam
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier José Arranz Martínez
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Georg Nübling
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandre Bejanin
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea L Benedet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Stern AM, Van Pelt KL, Liu L, Anderson AK, Ostaszewski B, Mapstone M, O'Bryant S, Petersen ME, Christian BT, Handen BL, Selkoe DJ, Schmitt F, Head E. Plasma NT1-tau and Aβ 42 correlate with age and cognitive function in two large Down syndrome cohorts. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.10.23287109. [PMID: 36945447 PMCID: PMC10029060 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.10.23287109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction People with Down syndrome (DS) often develop Alzheimer disease (AD). Here we asked whether ultrasensitive plasma immunoassays for a tau N-terminal fragment (NT1-tau) and Aβ isoforms predict cognitive impairment. Methods Plasma NT1-tau, Aβ 37 , Aβ 40 , and Aβ 42 levels were measured in a longitudinal discovery cohort (N = 85 participants, 220 samples) and a cross-sectional validation cohort (N = 239). We developed linear models and predicted values in the validation cohort. Results Linear mixed models for NT1-tau, Aβ 42, and Aβ 37:42 were significant for age, there was no main effect of time in the discovery cohort. In cross-sectional models, NT1-tau and Aβ 42 increased with age. NT1-tau predicted DLD scores. The discovery cohort linear model for NT1-tau predicted NT1-tau levels in the validation cohort. Discussion NT1-tau correlates with age and worse cognition in DS. Further validation of NT1-tau and other plasma biomarkers of AD neuropathology in DS cohorts is important for clinical utility.
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18
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Nadeau PA, Jobin B, Boller B. Diagnostic Sensitivity and Specificity of Cognitive Tests for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease in Patients with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:13-51. [PMID: 37522203 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved health care for people with Down syndrome (DS) has resulted in an increase in their life expectancy therefore increasing comorbidities associated with age-related problems in this population, the most frequent being Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, several cognitive tests have been developed to evaluate cognitive changes related to the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in people with DS. OBJECTIVE Identify and evaluate available cognitive tests for the diagnosis of MCI and AD in people with DS. METHODS A systematic search of the Pubmed and PsycInfo databases was performed to identify articles published from January 1, 2000 and July 1, 2022. Keysearch terms were DS, AD or MCI, cognition, and assessment. Relevant studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of cognitive tests for AD or MCI with standard clinical evaluation were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS 2. RESULTS We identified 15 batteries, 2 intelligence scales, 14 memory tests, 11 executive, functioning tests, 11 motor and visuospatial functioning tests, 5 language tests, 3 attention tests, and 2 orientation tests. Analysis showed that the CAMCOG-DS present a fair to excellent diagnostic accuracy for detecting AD in patients with DS. However, for the diagnosis of MCI, this battery showed poor to good diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION The findings highlight important limitations of the current assessment available for the screening of mild cognitive impairment and AD in patients with DS and support the need for more clinical trials to ensure better screening for this highly at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoît Jobin
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivière, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Boller
- Univerisité de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivière, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Fleming V, Helsel BC, Ptomey LT, Rosas HD, Handen B, Laymon C, Christian BT, Head E, Mapstone M, Lai F, Krinsky-McHale S, Zaman S, Ances BM, Lee JH, Hartley SL. Weight Loss and Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1215-1227. [PMID: 36565120 PMCID: PMC9940268 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtually all adults with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, but research gaps remain in understanding early signs of AD in DS. OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to determine if unintentional weight loss is part of AD in DS. The specific aims were to: 1) examine relation between chronological age, weight, AD pathology, and AD-related cognitive decline were assessed in a large cohort of adults with DS, and 2) determine if baseline PET amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau PET status (-versus+) and/or decline in memory and mental status were associated with weight loss prior to AD progression. METHODS Analyses included 261 adults with DS. PET data were acquired using [11C] PiB for Aβ and [18F] AV-1451 for tau. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight and height. Direct measures assessed dementia and memory. Clinical AD status was determined using a case consensus process. Percent weight decline across 16-20 months was assessed in a subset of participants (n = 77). RESULTS Polynomial regressions indicated an 0.23 kg/m2 decrease in BMI per year beginning at age 36.5 years, which occurs alongside the period during which Aβ and tau increase and memory and mental status decline. At a within-person level, elevated Aβ, decline in memory and mental status were associated with higher percent weight loss across 16-20 months. CONCLUSION Unintentional weight loss occurs alongside Aβ deposition and prior to onset of AD dementia, and thus may be a useful sign of AD in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fleming
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian C. Helsel
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lauren T. Ptomey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - H. Diana Rosas
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles Laymon
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Florence Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Krinsky-McHale
- Department of Psychology, New York Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Shahid Zaman
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK & Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beau M. Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph H. Lee
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sigan L. Hartley
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
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20
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Araya P, Kinning KT, Coughlan C, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Enriquez-Estrada BA, Worek K, Sullivan KD, Rachubinski AL, Wolter-Warmerdam K, Hickey F, Galbraith MD, Potter H, Espinosa JM. IGF1 deficiency integrates stunted growth and neurodegeneration in Down syndrome. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111883. [PMID: 36577365 PMCID: PMC9876612 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), the genetic condition caused by trisomy 21 (T21), is characterized by stunted growth, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of diverse neurological conditions. Although signs of lifelong neurodegeneration are well documented in DS, the mechanisms underlying this phenotype await elucidation. Here we report a multi-omics analysis of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation biomarkers, plasma proteomics, and immune profiling in a diverse cohort of more than 400 research participants. We identified depletion of insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1), a master regulator of growth and brain development, as the top biosignature associated with neurodegeneration in DS. Individuals with T21 display chronic IGF1 deficiency downstream of growth hormone production, associated with a specific inflammatory profile involving elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Shorter children with DS show stronger IGF1 deficiency, elevated biomarkers of neurodegeneration, and increased prevalence of autism and other conditions. These results point to disruption of IGF1 signaling as a potential contributor to stunted growth and neurodegeneration in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Araya
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kohl T Kinning
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Keith P Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ross E Granrath
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Belinda A Enriquez-Estrada
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kayleigh Worek
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Angela L Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Section of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristine Wolter-Warmerdam
- Sie Center for Down Syndrome, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Francis Hickey
- Sie Center for Down Syndrome, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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21
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Pagonabarraga J, Pérez-González R, Bejr-Kasem H, Marín-Lahoz J, Horta-Barba A, Martinez-Horta S, Aracil-Bolaños I, Sampedro F, Campolongo A, Rivas E, Puig-Davi A, Ruiz-Barrios I, Pérez-Pérez J, Pascual-Sedano B, Kulisevsky J. Dissociable contribution of plasma NfL and p-tau181 to cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 105:132-138. [PMID: 35752549 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is a disabling complication in Parkinson's disease (PD). Accuracy of diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI) depends on the tests performed, which limits results generalization. Blood-based biomarkers could provide additional objective information for PD-MCI diagnosis and progression. Blood neurofilament light chain (NfL), a marker of neuronal injury, has shown good performance for PD disease stratification and progression. While NfL is not disease-specific, phosphorylated-tau at threonine-181 (p-tau181) in blood is a highly specific marker of concomitant brain amyloid-β and tau pathology. METHODS We investigated the potential of plasma NfL and p-tau181 levels as markers of cognitive impairment in a prospective cohort of 109 PD patients with and without PD-MCI (age 68.1 ± 7 years, education 12.2± 5 years), and 40 comparable healthy controls. After a follow-up of 4 years, we evaluated their predictive value for progression to dementia. RESULTS Although NfL and p-tau181 levels were significantly increased in PD compared with healthy controls, only NfL levels were significantly higher in PD-MCI compared with PD with normal cognition (PD-NC) at baseline. After a follow-up of 4 years, only NfL predicted progression to dementia (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.53; p = 0.038). Significant correlations between fluid biomarkers and neuropsychological examination were only found with NfL levels. CONCLUSIONS Plasma NfL levels objectively differentiates PD-MCI from PD-NC patients, and may serve as a plasma biomarker for predicting progression to dementia in PD. Plasma levels of p-tau181 does not seem to help in differentiating PD-MCI or to predict future cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red - Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Rocío Pérez-González
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red - Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Helena Bejr-Kasem
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red - Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Juan Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red - Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Andrea Horta-Barba
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saul Martinez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red - Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Ignacio Aracil-Bolaños
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Sampedro
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red - Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Antonia Campolongo
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red - Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Elisa Rivas
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red - Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Arnau Puig-Davi
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Ruiz-Barrios
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Pérez
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Pascual-Sedano
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red - Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red - Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
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22
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Chakraborty A, Diwan A. Biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. AIMS Neurosci 2022; 9:423-443. [PMID: 36660079 PMCID: PMC9826749 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2022023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in adults involving non-demyelinating motor disorders. About 90% of ALS cases are sporadic, while 10-12% of cases are due to some genetic reasons. Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), TAR, c9orf72 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 72) and VAPB genes are commonly found in ALS patients. Therefore, the mechanism of ALS development involves oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, glutamate excitotoxicity and aggregation of proteins, neuro-inflammation and defective RNA function. Cholesterol and LDL/HDL levels are also associated with ALS development. As a result, sterols could be a suitable biomarker for this ailment. The main mechanisms of ALS development are reticulum stress, neuroinflammation and RNA metabolism. The multi-nature development of ALS makes it more challenging to pinpoint a treatment.
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23
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Delaby C, Bousiges O, Bouvier D, Fillée C, Fourier A, Mondésert E, Nezry N, Omar S, Quadrio I, Rucheton B, Schraen-Maschke S, van Pesch V, Vicca S, Lehmann S, Bedel A. Neurofilaments contribution in clinic: state of the art. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1034684. [PMID: 36389064 PMCID: PMC9664201 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1034684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological biomarkers are particularly valuable to clinicians as they can be used for diagnosis, prognosis, or response to treatment. This field of neurology has evolved considerably in recent years with the improvement of analytical methods, allowing the detection of biomarkers not only in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but also in less invasive fluids like blood. These advances greatly facilitate the repeated quantification of biomarkers, including at asymptomatic stages of the disease. Among the various informative biomarkers of neurological disorders, neurofilaments (NfL) have proven to be of particular interest in many contexts, such as neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and cancer. Here we discuss these different pathologies and the potential value of NfL assay in the management of these patients, both for diagnosis and prognosis. We also describe the added value of NfL compared to other biomarkers currently used to monitor the diseases described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Delaby
- Université de Montpellier, IRMB, INM, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire Biochimie-Protéomique clinique, Montpellier, France
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau—Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau—Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Bousiges
- Laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire (LBBM)—Pôle de biologie Hôpital de Hautepierre—CHU de Strasbourg, CNRS, laboratoire ICube UMR 7357 et FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), équipe IMIS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Bouvier
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Fillée
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc UCLouvain, Service de Biochimie Médicale, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anthony Fourier
- Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire—LBMMS, Unité de diagnostic des pathologies dégénératives, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France
| | - Etienne Mondésert
- Université de Montpellier, IRMB, INM, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire Biochimie-Protéomique clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Nezry
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S-U1172, LiCEND, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Souheil Omar
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale de l’Institut de Neurologie de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Isabelle Quadrio
- Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire—LBMMS, Unité de diagnostic des pathologies dégénératives, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France
| | - Benoit Rucheton
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Susanna Schraen-Maschke
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S-U1172, LiCEND, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc UCLouvain, Service de Neurologie, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Vicca
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, Laboratoire de Biochimie générale, DMU BioPhyGen, AP-HP.Centre—Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Université de Montpellier, IRMB, INM, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire Biochimie-Protéomique clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurelie Bedel
- Service de Biochimie, CHU Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
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24
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Sexton C, Solis M, Aharon-Peretz J, Alexopoulos P, Apostolova LG, Bayen E, Birkenhager B, Cappa S, Constantinidou F, Fortea J, Gerritsen DL, Hassanin HI, Ibanez A, Ioannidis P, Karageorgiou E, Korczyn A, Leroi I, Lichtwarck B, Logroscino G, Lynch C, Mecocci P, Molinuevo JL, Papatriantafyllou J, Papegeorgiou S, Politis A, Raman R, Ritchie K, Sanchez-Juan P, Sano M, Scarmeas N, Spiru L, Stathi A, Tsolaki M, Yener G, Zaganas I, Zygouris S, Carrillo M. Alzheimer's disease research progress in the Mediterranean region: The Alzheimer's Association International Conference Satellite Symposium. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1957-1968. [PMID: 35184367 PMCID: PMC11066754 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
As research and services in the Mediterranean region continue to increase, so do opportunities for global collaboration. To support such collaborations, the Alzheimer's Association was due to hold its seventh Alzheimer's Association International Conference Satellite Symposium in Athens, Greece in 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the meeting was held virtually, which enabled attendees from around the world to hear about research efforts in Greece and the surrounding Mediterranean countries. Research updates spanned understanding the biology of, treatments for, and care of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD_ and other dementias. Researchers in the Mediterranean region have outlined the local epidemiology of AD and dementia, and have identified regional populations that may expedite genetic studies. Development of biomarkers is expected to aid early and accurate diagnosis. Numerous efforts have been made to develop culturally specific interventions to both reduce risk of dementia, and to improve quality of life for people living with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Sexton
- Alzheimer's Association, 225 N Michigan Avenue, 17th Fl, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Patras University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Eléonore Bayen
- Laboratoire d'imagerie biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, department of physical rehabilitation medicine, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Betty Birkenhager
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Cappa
- University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS-Pavia) and IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, PV, Italy
| | - Fofi Constantinidou
- Department of Psychology & Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Hany I Hassanin
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Geriatric Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de San Andres & National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Iracema Leroi
- Trinity College Dublin, Global Brain Health Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bjorn Lichtwarck
- The Centre for Age-related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain Department of Clinical Research in Neurology of the University of Bari at "Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico" Hospital Tricase (Le), Bari, Italy
- Department of Basic Medicine Neuroscience and Sense Organs University Aldo Moro Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Chris Lynch
- Alzheimer's Disease International, London, UK
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - John Papatriantafyllou
- Third Age Center IASIS, Athens-Glyfada, Athens, Greece
- 1st University Neurology Department, Eginitio Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Ana Aslan International Foundation
| | - Sokratis Papegeorgiou
- 1st University Neurology Department, Eginitio Hospital, Athens, Greece
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Politis
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rema Raman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | | | - Pascual Sanchez-Juan
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), CIBERNED, University of Cantabria and Department of Neurology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Mary Sano
- The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolas Scarmeas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luiza Spiru
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Ana Aslan International Foundation
| | - Afroditi Stathi
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Görsev Yener
- Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ioannis Zaganas
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete
| | - Stelios Zygouris
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Carrillo
- Alzheimer's Association, 225 N Michigan Avenue, 17th Fl, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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25
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Benejam B, Aranha MR, Videla L, Padilla C, Valldeneu S, Fernández S, Altuna M, Carmona-Iragui M, Barroeta I, Iulita MF, Montal V, Pegueroles J, Bejanin A, Giménez S, González-Ortiz S, Videla S, Bartrés-Faz D, Alcolea D, Blesa R, Lleó A, Fortea J. Neural correlates of episodic memory in adults with Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:123. [PMID: 36057615 PMCID: PMC9440567 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Adults with Down syndrome are at an ultra-high risk of developing early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Episodic memory deficits are one of the earliest signs of the disease, but their association with regional brain atrophy in the population with Down syndrome has not been explored. We aimed to investigate the neuroanatomical correlates of episodic memory in adults with Down syndrome and symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. Methods Single-center, cross-sectional study. A total of 139 adults with Down syndrome (85 asymptomatic and 54 with symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease) were included in the study (mean age 43.6 ± 10.9 years, 46% female). Episodic memory was assessed using the modified Cued Recall Test. Immediate (trial 1 free immediate recall, trial 3 free immediate recall, total free immediate recall score, and total immediate score) and delayed scores (free delayed recall score and total delayed score) were examined. Cortical thickness from magnetic resonance imaging was determined with surface-based morphometry using the FreeSurfer 6.0 software package. The clusters of reduced cortical thickness were compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants to create a cortical atrophy map. Then, the correlation between cortical thickness and the modified Cued Recall Test subscores were separately assessed in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, controlling for age, sex, and severity of intellectual disability. Results Compared with asymptomatic participants, those with symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease showed a pattern of cortical atrophy in posterior parieto-temporo-occipital cortices. In symptomatic subjects, trial 1 immediate free recall significantly correlated with cortical atrophy in lateral prefrontal regions. Trial 3 free immediate recall and total free immediate recall were associated with the most widespread cortical atrophy. Total immediate score was related to posterior cortical atrophy, including lateral parietal and temporal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and medial temporal lobe areas. Delayed memory scores were associated with cortical atrophy in temporoparietal and medial temporal lobe regions. No significant relationships were observed between episodic memory measures and cortical atrophy in asymptomatic subjects. Conclusions Different episodic memory measures were associated with cortical atrophy in specific brain regions in adults with Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. These results overlap with those described in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease and further support the similarities between Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer’s disease and that in the general population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01064-x.
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26
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Mondello S, Sandner V, Goli M, Czeiter E, Amrein K, Kochanek PM, Gautam S, Cho BG, Morgan R, Nehme A, Fiumara G, Eid AH, Barsa C, Haidar MA, Buki A, Kobeissy FH, Mechref Y. Exploring serum glycome patterns after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A prospective pilot study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 50:101494. [PMID: 35755600 PMCID: PMC9218141 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycans play essential functional roles in the nervous system and their pathobiological relevance has become increasingly recognized in numerous brain disorders, but not fully explored in traumatic brain injury (TBI). We investigated longitudinal glycome patterns in patients with moderate to severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score ≤12) to characterize glyco-biomarker signatures and their relation to clinical features and long-term outcome. METHODS This prospective single-center observational study included 51 adult patients with TBI (GCS ≤12) admitted to the neurosurgical unit of the University Hospital of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary, between June 2018 and April 2019. We used a high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry platform to assess serum levels of N-glycans up to 3 days after injury. Outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) at 12 months post-injury. Multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, were used to analyze glycomics data and define highly influential structures driving class distinction. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to determine prognostic accuracy. FINDINGS We identified 94 N-glycans encompassing all typical structural types, including oligomannose, hybrid, and complex-type entities. Levels of high mannose, hybrid and sialylated structures were temporally altered (p<0·05). Four influential glycans were identified. Two brain-specific structures, HexNAc5Hex3DeoxyHex0NeuAc0 and HexNAc5Hex4DeoxyHex0NeuAc1, were substantially increased early after injury in patients with unfavorable outcome (GOS-E≤4) (area under the curve [AUC]=0·75 [95%CI 0·59-0·90] and AUC=0·71 [0·52-0·89], respectively). Serum levels of HexNAc7Hex7DeoxyHex1NeuAc2 and HexNAc8Hex6DeoxyHex0NeuAc0 were persistently increased in patients with favorable outcome, but undetectable in those with unfavorable outcome. Levels of HexNAc5Hex4DeoxyHex0NeuAc1 were acutely elevated in patients with mass lesions and in those requiring decompressive craniectomy. INTERPRETATION In spite of the exploratory nature of the study and the relatively small number of patients, our results provide to the best of our knowledge initial evidence supporting the utility of glycomics approaches for biomarker discovery and patient phenotyping in TBI. Further larger multicenter studies will be required to validate our findings and to determine their pathobiological value and potential applications in practice. FUNDING This work was funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (grant number GR-2013-02354960), and also partially supported by a NIH grant (1R01GM112490-08).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Viktor Sandner
- Sartorius Data Analytics, Sartorius Stedim Austria GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona Goli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 41061, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Endre Czeiter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Neurotrauma Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Amrein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Neurotrauma Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15224, USA
| | - Sakshi Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 41061, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Byeong Gwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 41061, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Ryan Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 41061, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Ali Nehme
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Fiumara
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chloe Barsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Muhammad Ali Haidar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Andras Buki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Neurotrauma Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Firas H. Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 41061, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
- Corresponding author.
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27
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Janelidze S, Christian BT, Price J, Laymon C, Schupf N, Klunk WE, Lott I, Silverman W, Rosas HD, Zaman S, Mapstone M, Lai F, Ances BM, Handen BL, Hansson O. Detection of Brain Tau Pathology in Down Syndrome Using Plasma Biomarkers. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:797-807. [PMID: 35789365 PMCID: PMC9257682 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Importance Novel plasma biomarkers, especially phosphorylated tau (p-tau), can detect brain tau aggregates in Alzheimer disease. Objective To determine which plasma biomarker combinations can accurately detect tau pathological brain changes in Down syndrome (DS). Design, Setting, and Participants The cross-sectional, multicenter Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome study included adults with DS and a control group of siblings without DS. All participants with plasma, positron emission tomography (PET), and cognitive measures available by the time of data freeze 1.0 were included. Participants were enrolled between 2016 and 2019, and data were analyzed from August 2021 to April 2022. Exposures Plasma p-tau217, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), amyloid β42/40 (Aβ42/Aβ40), neurofilament light (NfL), and total tau (t-tau); tau positron emission tomography (tau-PET) and Aβ-PET. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was tau-PET status. Secondary outcomes included Aβ-PET status and cognitive performance. Results Among 300 participants with DS and a control group of 37 non-DS siblings, mean (SD) age was 45.0 (10.1) years, and 167 (49.6%) were men. Among participants with DS who all underwent plasma p-tau217 and GFAP analyses, 258 had other plasma biomarker data available and 119, 213, and 288 participants had tau-PET, Aβ-PET, and cognitive assessments, respectively. Plasma p-tau217 and t-tau were significantly increased in Aβ-PET-positive tau-PET-positive (A+T+) DS and A+T- DS compared with A-T- DS while GFAP was only increased in A+T+ DS. Plasma p-tau217 levels were also significantly higher in A+T+ DS than A+T- DS. In participants with DS, plasma p-tau217 and GFAP (but not other plasma biomarkers) were consistently associated with abnormal tau-PET and Aβ-PET status in models covaried for age (odds ratio range, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.05-2.40] to 2.32 [95% CI, 1.36-3.96]; P < .03). A combination of p-tau217 and age performed best when detecting tau-PET abnormality in temporal and neocortical regions (area under the curve [AUC] range, 0.96-0.99). The most parsimonious model for Aβ-PET status included p-tau217, t-tau, and age (AUC range, 0.93-0.95). In multivariable models, higher p-tau217 levels but not other biomarkers were associated with worse performance on DS Mental Status Examination (β, -0.24, 95% CI, -0.36 to -0.12; P < .001) and Cued Recall Test (β, -0.40; 95% CI, -0.53 to -0.26; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance Plasma p-tau217 is a very accurate blood-based biomarker of both tau and Aβ pathological brain changes in DS that could help guide screening and enrichment strategies for inclusion of individuals with DS in future AD clinical trials, especially when it is combined with age as a covariate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Julie Price
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown
| | - Charles Laymon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - William E. Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ira Lott
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine
| | - Wayne Silverman
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine
| | - H. Diana Rosas
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown,Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown
| | - Shahid Zaman
- School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Florence Lai
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown
| | - Beau M. Ances
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Benjamin L. Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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28
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Videla L, Benejam B, Pegueroles J, Carmona-Iragui M, Padilla C, Fernández S, Barroeta I, Altuna M, Valldeneu S, Garzón D, Ribas L, Montal V, Arranz Martínez J, Rozalem Aranha M, Alcolea D, Bejanin A, Iulita MF, Videla Cés S, Blesa R, Lleó A, Fortea J. Longitudinal Clinical and Cognitive Changes Along the Alzheimer Disease Continuum in Down Syndrome. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2225573. [PMID: 35930282 PMCID: PMC9356319 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.25573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Alzheimer disease (AD) is the main medical problem in adults with Down syndrome (DS). However, the associations of age, intellectual disability (ID), and clinical status with progression and longitudinal cognitive decline have not been established. OBJECTIVE To examine clinical progression along the AD continuum and its related cognitive decline and to explore the presence of practice effects and floor effects with repeated assessments. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This is a single-center cohort study of adults (aged >18 years) with DS with different ID levels and at least 6 months of follow-up between November 2012 and December 2021. The data are from a population-based health plan designed to screen for AD in adults with DS in Catalonia, Spain. Individuals were classified as being asymptomatic, having prodromal AD, or having AD dementia. EXPOSURES Neurological and neuropsychological assessments. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was clinical change along the AD continuum. Cognitive decline was measured by the Cambridge Cognitive Examination for Older Adults With Down Syndrome and the modified Cued Recall Test. RESULTS A total of 632 adults with DS (mean [SD] age, 42.6 [11.4] years; 292 women [46.2%]) with 2847 evaluations (mean [SD] follow-up, 28.8 [18.7] months) were assessed. At baseline, there were 436 asymptomatic individuals, 69 patients with prodromal AD, and 127 with AD dementia. After 5 years of follow-up, 17.1% (95% CI, 12.5%-21.5%) of asymptomatic individuals progressed to symptomatic AD in an age-dependent manner (0.6% [95% CI, 0%-1.8%] for age <40 years; 21.1% [95% CI, 8.0%-32.5%] for age 40-44 years; 41.4% [95% CI, 23.1%-55.3%] for age 45-49 years; 57.5% [95% CI, 38.2%-70.8%] for age ≥50 years; P < .001), and 94.1% (95% CI, 84.6%-98.0%) of patients with prodromal AD progressed to dementia with no age dependency. Cognitive decline in the older individuals was most common among those who progressed to symptomatic AD and symptomatic individuals themselves. Importantly, individuals with mild and moderate ID had no differences in longitudinal cognitive decline despite having different performance at baseline. This study also found practice and floor effects, which obscured the assessment of longitudinal cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found an association between the development of symptomatic AD and a high risk of progressive cognitive decline among patients with DS. These results support the need for population health plans to screen for AD-related cognitive decline from the fourth decade of life and provide important longitudinal data to inform clinical trials in adults with DS to prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Videla
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bessy Benejam
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pegueroles
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmona-Iragui
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Padilla
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Fernández
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Barroeta
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Altuna
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Valldeneu
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Garzón
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Ribas
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Montal
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Arranz Martínez
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mateus Rozalem Aranha
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Bejanin
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Florencia Iulita
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastià Videla Cés
- Clinical Research Support Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau–Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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29
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Fleming V, Hom CL, Clare ICH, Hurd-Thomas SL, Krinsky-McHale S, Handen B, Hartley SL. Cognitive outcome measures for tracking Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 62:227-263. [PMID: 37396708 PMCID: PMC10312212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irrdd.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is now viewed as a genetic type of Alzheimer's disease (AD), given the near-universal presence of AD pathology in middle adulthood and the elevated risk for developing clinical AD in DS. As the field of DS prepares for AD clinical intervention trials, there is a strong need to identify cognitive measures that are specific and sensitive to the transition from being cognitively stable to the prodromal (e.g., Mild Cognitive Impairment-Down syndrome) and clinical AD (e.g., Dementia) stages of the disease in DS. It is also important to determine cognitive measures that map onto biomarkers of early AD pathology during the transition from the preclinical to the prodromal stage of the disease, as this transition period is likely to be targeted and tracked in AD clinical trials. The present chapter discusses the current state of research on cognitive measures that could be used to screen/select study participants and as potential outcome measures in future AD clinical trials with adults with DS. In this chapter, we also identify key challenges that need to be overcome and questions that need to be addressed by the DS field as it prepares for AD clinical trials in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fleming
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christy L Hom
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Isabel C H Clare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sharon Krinsky-McHale
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sigan L Hartley
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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30
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Chen H, Xiao M, He J, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Liu H, Zhang Z. Aptamer-Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Alzheimer's Disease Serum Biomarker Detection. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2075-2083. [PMID: 35816677 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blood-biomarker-based tests are highly important for the early clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the treatment and care of AD patients, but the complex serum environment and extremely low abundance of AD blood protein biomarkers present challenges. Nanomaterials are promising for constructing highly sensitive transistor-based biosensors due to their small size. However, such biosensors are difficult to fabricate on a large scale and suffer from the lack of combined optimization of reproducibility and sensitivity in complex physiological fluids. In this work, field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors based on highly uniform semiconducting carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films are mass produced to achieve highly sensitive and selective detection of the AD core blood biomarkers of β-amyloid (Aβ). The combination of the mass-produced CNT FET sensors and oligonucleotide aptamers as efficient bioreceptors enables reliable and reproducible sub-femtomolar detection in full human serum for Aβ42 and Aβ40 peptides and has outperformed other methods reported to date. The adsorption of biological substrates to the sensor was significantly reduced by multiple blocking steps, resulting in selectivity ratios of up to 730% (Aβ40) and 800% (Aβ42). The aptamer-functionalized CNT FET biosensor exhibits a large dynamic range (>104), rapid response time (several minutes), and low variation (<10%) and can be delivered as a low-cost and rapid clinical detection technology for the early diagnosis and mass screening of AD. This platform will help bring complex laboratory-based and expensive diagnostic tools to the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Mengmeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, Guangdong China
| | - Jianping He
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqi Liang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, Guangdong China
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31
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DYRK1A and Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein Comparative Diagnosis Interest in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma in the Context of Alzheimer-Related Cognitive Impairment in Down Syndrome Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061380. [PMID: 35740400 PMCID: PMC9219646 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a complex genetic condition due to an additional copy of human chromosome 21, which results in the deregulation of many genes. In addition to the intellectual disability associated with DS, adults with DS also have an ultrahigh risk of developing early onset Alzheimer’s disease dementia. DYRK1A, a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase, whose gene is located on chromosome 21, has recently emerged as a promising plasma biomarker in patients with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The protein DYRK1A is truncated in symptomatic AD, the increased truncated form being associated with a decrease in the level of full-length form. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), a key protein for the brain development, has been demonstrated to be a useful marker for symptomatic AD and disease progression. In this study, we evaluated DYRK1A and ADNP in CSF and plasma of adults with DS and explored the relationship between these proteins. We used mice models to evaluate the effect of DYRK1A overexpression on ADNP levels and then performed a dual-center cross-sectional human study in adults with DS in Barcelona (Spain) and Paris (France). Both cohorts included adults with DS at different stages of the continuum of AD: asymptomatic AD (aDS), prodromal AD (pDS), and AD dementia (dDS). Non-trisomic controls and patients with sporadic AD dementia were included for comparison. Full-form levels of DYRK1A were decreased in plasma and CSF in adults with DS and symptomatic AD (pDS and dDS) compared to aDS, and in patients with sporadic AD compared to controls. On the contrary, the truncated form of DYRK1A was found to increase both in CSF and plasma in adults with DS and symptomatic AD and in patients with sporadic AD with respect to aDS and controls. ADNP levels showed a more complex structure. ADNP levels increased in aDS groups vs. controls, in agreement with the increase in levels found in the brains of mice overexpressing DYRK1A. However, symptomatic individuals had lower levels than aDS individuals. Our results show that the comparison between full-length and truncated-form levels of DYRK1A coupled with ADNP levels could be used in trials targeting pathophysiological mechanisms of dementia in individuals with DS.
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Sawa M, Overk C, Becker A, Derse D, Albay R, Weldy K, Salehi A, Beach TG, Doran E, Head E, Yu YE, Mobley WC. Impact of increased APP gene dose in Down syndrome and the Dp16 mouse model. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1203-1234. [PMID: 34757693 PMCID: PMC9085977 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with Down syndrome (DS) are predisposed to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid hypothesis informs studies of AD. In AD-DS, but not sporadic AD, increased APP copy number is necessary, defining the APP gene dose hypothesis. Which amyloid precursor protein (APP) products contribute needs to be determined. METHODS Brain levels of full-length protein (fl-hAPP), C-terminal fragments (hCTFs), and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides were measured in DS, AD-DS, non-demented controls (ND), and sporadic AD cases. The APP gene-dose hypothesis was evaluated in the Dp16 model. RESULTS DS and AD-DS differed from ND and AD for all APP products. In AD-DS, Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels exceeded AD. APP products were increased in the Dp16 model; increased APP gene dose was necessary for loss of vulnerable neurons, tau pathology, and activation of astrocytes and microglia. DISCUSSION Increases in APP products other than Aβ distinguished AD-DS from AD. Deciphering AD-DS pathogenesis necessitates deciphering which APP products contribute and how.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Sawa
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624
| | - Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624
| | - Ann Becker
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624
| | - Dominique Derse
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624
| | - Ricardo Albay
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624
| | - Kim Weldy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624
| | - Ahmad Salehi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Brain and Body Donation Program, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351
| | - Eric Doran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Y. Eugene Yu
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - William C Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624,Correspondence to: William Mobley M.D., Department of Neurosciences, UCSD School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, GPL 355, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624;
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Gleerup HS, Simonsen AH, Høgh P. The Added Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Chain to Existing Diagnostic Methods and Biomarkers in a Mixed Memory Clinic Cohort of Consecutive Patients. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:121-127. [PMID: 35530115 PMCID: PMC9028712 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The added value of neurofilament light chain (NfL) to the existing diagnostic methods is unknown, although a plethora of studies have shown increased levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood in many neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. The added value of CSF NfL was determined in a mixed memory clinic cohort of consecutive patients for 136 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (n = 69), mild cognitive impairment (n = 24), non-AD (n = 34), and also healthy controls (n = 9). This study found no increase in the diagnostic accuracy of the etiological diagnoses but knowing the CSF NfL value led to increased diagnostic certainty for the specialist in neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Sophia Gleerup
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- Department of Neurology, Regional Dementia Research Centre, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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34
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Álvarez-Sánchez L, Peña-Bautista C, Baquero M, Cháfer-Pericás C. Novel Ultrasensitive Detection Technologies for the Identification of Early and Minimally Invasive Alzheimer's Disease Blood Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1337-1369. [PMID: 35213367 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single molecule array (SIMOA) and other ultrasensitive detection technologies have allowed the determination of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for diagnosis and monitoring, thereby opening up a promising field of research. OBJECTIVE To review the published bibliography on plasma biomarkers in AD using new ultrasensitive techniques. METHODS A systematic review of the PubMed database was carried out to identify reports on the use of blood-based ultrasensitive technology to identify biomarkers for AD. RESULTS Based on this search, 86 works were included and classified according to the biomarker determined. First, plasma amyloid-β showed satisfactory accuracy as an AD biomarker in patients with a high risk of developing dementia. Second, plasma t-Tau displayed good sensitivity in detecting different neurodegenerative diseases. Third, plasma p-Tau was highly specific for AD. Fourth, plasma NfL was highly sensitive for distinguishing between patients with neurodegenerative diseases and healthy controls. In general, the simultaneous determination of several biomarkers facilitated greater accuracy in diagnosing AD (Aβ42/Aβ40, p-Tau181/217). CONCLUSION The recent development of ultrasensitive technology allows the determination of blood-based biomarkers with high sensitivity, thus facilitating the early detection of AD through the analysis of easily obtained biological samples. In short, as a result of this knowledge, pre-symptomatic and early AD diagnosis may be possible, and the recruitment process for future clinical trials could be more precise. However, further studies are necessary to standardize levels of blood-based biomarkers in the general population and thus achieve reproducible results among different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Peña-Bautista
- Alzheimer Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Baquero
- Division of Neurology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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35
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Tau proteins in blood as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and other proteinopathies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:239-259. [PMID: 35175385 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized neuropathologically by extracellular Aβ plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. While in AD tau pathology probably follows early alterations in Aβ metabolism, it develops independently in the so-called primary tauopathies, the main form being frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau pathology. Tau pathology in AD brain is reflected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by elevated levels of the two AD tau biomarkers total and phosphorylated tau, which are now used for routine diagnostic purposes. On the contrary, no established neurochemical biomarkers exist for tau pathology in primary tauopathies. Thanks to recent technological advances, total and phosphorylated tau can now be quantified also on peripheral blood, and accumulating evidence shows that measurement of plasma phosphorylated tau species (P-tau181, P-tau217, and P-tau231) has high performances in discriminating AD patients from cognitively unimpaired subjects but also from patients with other dementias. Moreover, plasma P-tau levels are associated with tracer uptake on tau- and amyloid-PET as well as with brain atrophy, cognitive measures and longitudinal changes of these parameters. These features, together with the low invasiveness, scalability, and ease of longitudinal sampling, which differentiate plasma P-tau species from their CSF counterparts, make these proteins promising peripheral biomarkers for AD in both research and clinical setting. This review discusses the recent developments in the field of plasma tau proteins as diagnostic, pathophysiological and prognostic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease; additional findings from the fields of genetic forms of AD and of non-AD proteinopathies are also summarized.
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Guasp M, Martín-Aguilar L, Sabater L, Bioque M, Armangué T, Martínez-Hernández E, Landa J, Maudes E, Borràs R, Muñoz-Lopetegi A, Saiz A, Castro-Fornieles J, Graus F, Parellada E, Querol L, Dalmau J. Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis and Primary Psychiatric Psychosis. Neurology 2022; 98:e1489-e1498. [PMID: 35145006 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An important challenge in diagnosing anti-NMDAR encephalitis (NMDARe) is differentiating it from a first episode of psychosis (FEP) caused by a psychiatric disease (pFEP). CSF antibody testing distinguishes these diseases, but spinal taps are difficult to obtain in psychiatric facilities. A separate problem is the lack of biomarkers of NMDARe severity and outcome. Here we assessed the performance of neurofilament light chain (NfL) testing in these settings. METHODS In this observational study, NfL were determined with Single molecule array (SiMoA) in patients with NMDARe, pFEP, herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), and healthy subjects (HC), the latter two groups used as controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the prediction accuracy of serum NfL (sNfL) levels for NMDARe and pFEP, and to obtain clinically useful cutoffs. RESULTS 118 patients with NMDARe (33 with isolated psychosis at presentation), 45 pFEP, 36 HSE, and 36 HC were studied. NMDARe patients with seizures/status epilepticus, ICU admission, CSF pleocytosis (>20 WBC/µL), and without early immunotherapy were more likely to have higher sNfL than NMDARe without these features. NfL levels at diagnosis of NMDARe did not correlate with outcome at 1 year follow-up assessed with the modified Ranking Scale (mRS). NMDARe patients had significantly higher NfL than pFEP and HC, and lower than HSE patients. ROC analysis of sNfL between NMDARe with isolated psychosis and pFEP provided an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI 0.87-0.99) and a sNfL cutoff ≥15 pg/mL to distinguish these disorders (sensitivity 85%, specificity 96%, positive likelihood ratio 19.3). Forty-three/45 (96%) pFEP had sNfL<15pg/mL whereas only 5/33 (15%) NMDARe with isolated psychosis were below this cutoff (risk estimation NMDARe vs pFEP: odds ratio 120.4 [95% CI 21.8-664], p<0.001). None of the HSE and 35/36 (97%) HC had sNfL<15pg/mL. DISCUSSION NfL measured at diagnosis of NMDARe associated with features of disease severity but not with long-term outcome. Young patients with FEP and sNfL≥15pg/mL had 120 times higher chance of having NMDARe than pFEP. This cutoff correctly classified 96% of pFEP and 85% of NMDARe with isolated psychosis. Patients with FEP of unclear etiology and sNfL≥15pg/mL should undergo CSF NMDAR-antibody testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Guasp
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Lorena Martín-Aguilar
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Sabater
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Miquel Bioque
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Thaís Armangué
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology, Sant Joan de Déu (SJD) Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Martínez-Hernández
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Jon Landa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Maudes
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Borràs
- Medical Statistics Core Facility, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaia Muñoz-Lopetegi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Saiz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Graus
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Parellada
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Luis Querol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.,Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Dalmau
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Delaby C, Estellés T, Zhu N, Arranz J, Barroeta I, Carmona-Iragui M, Illán-Gala I, Santos-Santos MÁ, Altuna M, Sala I, Sánchez-Saudinós MB, Videla L, Valldeneu S, Subirana A, Tondo M, Blanco-Vaca F, Lehmann S, Belbin O, Blesa R, Fortea J, Lleó A, Alcolea D. The Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in CSF is more strongly associated to tau markers and clinical progression than Aβ1-42 alone. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:20. [PMID: 35105351 PMCID: PMC8809019 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-00967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42 levels and the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio are markers of amyloid pathology, but previous studies suggest that their levels might be influenced by additional pathophysiological processes. AIMS To compare Aβ1-42 and the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in CSF in different neurodegenerative disorders and study their association with other biomarkers (tTau, pTau181, and NfL) and with cognitive and functional progression. METHODS We included all participants from the Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration (SPIN) with CSF Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40. Participants had diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal lobar degeneration-related syndromes, non-neurodegenerative conditions, or were cognitively normal. We classified participants as "positive" or "negative" according to each marker. We compared CSF levels of tTau, pTau181, and NfL between concordant and discordant groups through ANCOVA and assessed differences in cognitive (MMSE, FCSRT) and functional (GDS, CDR-SOB) progression using Cox regression and linear-mixed models. RESULTS In the 1791 participants, the agreement between Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 was 78.3%. The Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio showed a stronger correlation with tTau and pTau181 than Aβ1-42 and an agreement with tTau and pTau181 of 73.1% and 77.1%, respectively. Participants with a low Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio showed higher tTau and pTau181 and worse cognitive and functional prognosis, regardless of whether they were positive or negative for Aβ1-42. The results were consistent across stages, diagnostic categories, and use of different cutoffs. CONCLUSION Although Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 are considered markers of the same pathophysiological pathway, our findings provide evidence favoring the use of the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in clinical laboratories in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Delaby
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- IRMB, INM, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Biochimie-Protéomique clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Teresa Estellés
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuole Zhu
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Arranz
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Barroeta
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmona-Iragui
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Santos-Santos
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Altuna
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sala
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Belén Sánchez-Saudinós
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Videla
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Centre Mèdic Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Valldeneu
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Subirana
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Servei de Bioquímica, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Servei de Bioquímica, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- IRMB, INM, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Biochimie-Protéomique clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
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Mahaman YAR, Embaye KS, Huang F, Li L, Zhu F, Wang JZ, Liu R, Feng J, Wang X. Biomarkers used in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101544. [PMID: 34933129 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), being the number one in terms of dementia burden, is an insidious age-related neurodegenerative disease and is presently considered a global public health threat. Its main histological hallmarks are the Aβ senile plaques and the P-tau neurofibrillary tangles, while clinically it is marked by a progressive cognitive decline that reflects the underlying synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. Many of the drug therapies targeting the two pathological hallmarks namely Aβ and P-tau have been proven futile. This is probably attributed to the initiation of therapy at a stage where cognitive alterations are already obvious. In other words, the underlying neuropathological changes are at a stage where these drugs lack any therapeutic value in reversing the damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to start treatment in the very early stage where these changes can be reversed, and hence, early diagnosis is of primordial importance. To this aim, the use of robust and informative biomarkers that could provide accurate diagnosis preferably at an earlier phase of the disease is of the essence. To date, several biomarkers have been established that, to a different extent, allow researchers and clinicians to evaluate, diagnose, and more specially exclude other related pathologies. In this study, we extensively reviewed data on the currently explored biomarkers in terms of AD pathology-specific and non-specific biomarkers and highlighted the recent developments in the diagnostic and theragnostic domains. In the end, we have presented a separate elaboration on aspects of future perspectives and concluding remarks.
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39
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Chen Y, Hu D, Zhao L, Tang W, Li B. Unraveling metabolic alterations in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using MALDI MS imaging with 4-aminocinnoline-3-carboxamide matrix. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339337. [PMID: 35057932 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Revealing the metabolic abnormalities of central and peripheral systems in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model is of paramount importance for understanding AD disease. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) is a powerful label-free technique that has been extensively utilized for the interrogation of spatial changes of various metabolites in neurodegenerative disease. However, technical limitations still exist in MALDI MS, and there is a need to improve the performance of traditional MALDI for a deeper investigation of metabolic alterations in the AD mouse model. In this work, 4-aminocinnoline-3-carboxamide (4-AC) was developed into a novel dual-polarity MALDI matrix. Compared with traditionally used MALDI matrices such as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and 9-aminoacridine (9-AA), 4-AC exhibited superior performance in UV absorption at 355 nm, ion yields, background interference, and vacuum stability, making it an ideal MALDI matrix for comprehensive evaluation of metabolic alteration in the brain and serum of APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD. In total, 93 metabolites exhibited different levels of regional changes in the brain of AD mice as compared to the age-matched controls. Moreover, in the serum of AD mice, 81 altered metabolites distinguishing the AD group from the control were observed by using multivariate statistical analysis. It is expected that the application of the MALDI MSI method developed in this work to visualize the spatio-chemical change of various metabolites may improve our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dejun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lisha Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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40
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Wan J, Zhou S, Mea HJ, Guo Y, Ku H, Urbina BM. Emerging Roles of Microfluidics in Brain Research: From Cerebral Fluids Manipulation to Brain-on-a-Chip and Neuroelectronic Devices Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7142-7181. [PMID: 35080375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress made in the past few decades in brain research enables the manipulation of neuronal activity in single neurons and neural circuits and thus allows the decipherment of relations between nervous systems and behavior. The discovery of glymphatic and lymphatic systems in the brain and the recently unveiled tight relations between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) further revolutionize our understanding of brain structures and functions. Fundamental questions about how neurons conduct two-way communications with the gut to establish the gut-brain axis (GBA) and interact with essential brain components such as glial cells and blood vessels to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in health and disease, however, remain. Microfluidics with unparalleled advantages in the control of fluids at microscale has emerged recently as an effective approach to address these critical questions in brain research. The dynamics of cerebral fluids (i.e., blood and CSF) and novel in vitro brain-on-a-chip models and microfluidic-integrated multifunctional neuroelectronic devices, for example, have been investigated. This review starts with a critical discussion of the current understanding of several key topics in brain research such as neurovascular coupling (NVC), glymphatic pathway, and GBA and then interrogates a wide range of microfluidic-based approaches that have been developed or can be improved to advance our fundamental understanding of brain functions. Last, emerging technologies for structuring microfluidic devices and their implications and future directions in brain research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hing Jii Mea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yaojun Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hansol Ku
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Brianna M Urbina
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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41
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Bartesaghi R, Vicari S, Mobley WC. Prenatal and Postnatal Pharmacotherapy in Down Syndrome: The Search to Prevent or Ameliorate Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:211-233. [PMID: 34990205 PMCID: PMC9632639 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-041521-103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Those with Down syndrome (DS)-trisomy for chromosome 21-are routinely impacted by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral challenges in children and adults and Alzheimer's disease in older adults. No proven treatments specifically address these cognitive or behavioral changes. However, advances in the establishment of rodent models and human cell models promise to support development of such treatments. A research agenda that emphasizes the identification of overexpressed genes that contribute demonstrably to abnormalities in cognition and behavior in model systems constitutes a rational next step. Normalizing expression of such genes may usher in an era of successful treatments applicable across the life span for those with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy,Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - William C. Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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42
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Brosseron F, Maass A, Kleineidam L, Ravichandran KA, González PG, McManus RM, Ising C, Santarelli F, Kolbe CC, Häsler LM, Wolfsgruber S, Marquié M, Boada M, Orellana A, de Rojas I, Röske S, Peters O, Cosma NC, Cetindag A, Wang X, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Bürger K, Janowitz D, Dichgans M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Göerß D, Laske C, Munk MH, Düzel E, Yakupov R, Dobisch L, Metzger CD, Glanz W, Ewers M, Dechent P, Haynes JD, Scheffler K, Roy N, Rostamzadeh A, Teunissen CE, Marchant NL, Spottke A, Jucker M, Latz E, Wagner M, Mengel D, Synofzik M, Jessen F, Ramirez A, Ruiz A, Heneka MT. Soluble TAM receptors sAXL and sTyro3 predict structural and functional protection in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 2021; 110:1009-1022.e4. [PMID: 34995486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve the understanding of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarker correlations to brain structural volume and longitudinal cognitive outcomes in the DELCODE study and in a validation cohort of the F.ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona. We investigated whether respective biomarker changes are evident before onset of cognitive impairment. YKL-40; sTREM2; sAXL; sTyro3; MIF; complement factors C1q, C4, and H; ferritin; and ApoE protein were elevated in pre-dementia subjects with pathological levels of tau or other neurodegeneration markers, demonstrating tight interactions between inflammation and accumulating neurodegeneration even before onset of symptoms. Intriguingly, higher levels of ApoE and soluble TAM receptors sAXL and sTyro3 were related to larger brain structure and stable cognitive outcome at follow-up. Our findings indicate a protective mechanism relevant for intervention strategies aiming to regulate neuroinflammation in subjects with no or subjective symptoms but underlying AD pathology profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kishore Aravind Ravichandran
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pablo García González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Róisín M McManus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Ising
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesco Santarelli
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carl-Christian Kolbe
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Institute of Innate Immune, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa M Häsler
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Cellular Neurology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Röske
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicoleta-Carmen Cosma
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arda Cetindag
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, Göttingen 37075, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, Göttingen 37075, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Bürger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, Rostock 18147, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, Rostock 18147, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen Göerß
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Cellular Neurology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Institute of Innate Immune, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - David Mengel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundacío ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur- Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, North Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
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Do Carmo S, Kannel B, Cuello AC. The Nerve Growth Factor Metabolic Pathway Dysregulation as Cause of Alzheimer's Cholinergic Atrophy. Cells 2021; 11:16. [PMID: 35011577 PMCID: PMC8750266 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of the loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) and their terminal synapses in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has provoked a decades-long controversy. The cholinergic phenotype of this neuronal system, involved in numerous cognitive mechanisms, is tightly dependent on the target-derived nerve growth factor (NGF). Consequently, the loss of BFCNs cholinergic phenotype in AD was initially suspected to be due to an NGF trophic failure. However, in AD there is a normal NGF synthesis and abundance of the NGF precursor (proNGF), therefore the NGF trophic failure hypothesis for the atrophy of BCNs was abandoned. In this review, we discuss the history of NGF-dependency of BFCNs and the atrophy of these neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Further to it, we propose that trophic factor failure explains the BFCNs atrophy in AD. We discuss evidence of the occurrence of a brain NGF metabolic pathway, the dysregulation of which, in AD explains the severe deficiency of NGF trophic support for the maintenance of BFCNs cholinergic phenotype. Finally, we revise recent evidence that the NGF metabolic dysregulation in AD pathology starts at preclinical stages. We also propose that the alteration of NGF metabolism-related markers in body fluids might assist in the AD preclinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
| | - Benjamin Kannel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - A. Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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Andersen E, Casteigne B, Chapman WD, Creed A, Foster F, Lapins A, Shatz R, Sawyer RP. Diagnostic biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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45
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Teunissen CE, Verberk IMW, Thijssen EH, Vermunt L, Hansson O, Zetterberg H, van der Flier WM, Mielke MM, Del Campo M. Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: towards clinical implementation. Lancet Neurol 2021; 21:66-77. [PMID: 34838239 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For many years, blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease seemed unattainable, but recent results have shown that they could become a reality. Convincing data generated with new high-sensitivity assays have emerged with remarkable consistency across different cohorts, but also independent of the precise analytical method used. Concentrations in blood of amyloid and phosphorylated tau proteins associate with the corresponding concentrations in CSF and with amyloid-PET or tau-PET scans. Moreover, other blood-based biomarkers of neurodegeneration, such as neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein, appear to provide information on disease progression and potential for monitoring treatment effects. Now the question emerges of when and how we can bring these biomarkers to clinical practice. This step would pave the way for blood-based biomarkers to support the diagnosis of, and development of treatments for, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H Thijssen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vermunt
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sölvegatan, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, and Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marta Del Campo
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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Fortea J, Zaman SH, Hartley S, Rafii MS, Head E, Carmona-Iragui M. Alzheimer's disease associated with Down syndrome: a genetic form of dementia. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:930-942. [PMID: 34687637 PMCID: PMC9387748 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adults with Down syndrome develop the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and are at very high risk of developing early-onset dementia, which is now the leading cause of death in this population. Diagnosis of dementia remains a clinical challenge because of the lack of validated diagnostic criteria in this population, and because symptoms are overshadowed by the intellectual disability associated with Down syndrome. In people with Down syndrome, fluid and imaging biomarkers have shown good diagnostic performances and a strikingly similar temporality of changes with respect to sporadic and autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Most importantly, there are no treatments to prevent Alzheimer's disease, even though adults with Down syndrome could be an optimal population in whom to conduct Alzheimer's disease prevention trials. Unprecedented research activity in Down syndrome is rapidly changing this bleak scenario that will translate into disease-modifying therapies that could benefit other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Shahid H Zaman
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sigan Hartley
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, USA
| | - Michael S Rafii
- Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute (ATRI), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California. San Diego, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California. Irvine, USA
| | - Maria Carmona-Iragui
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Alcolea D, Delaby C, Muñoz L, Torres S, Estellés T, Zhu N, Barroeta I, Carmona-Iragui M, Illán-Gala I, Santos-Santos MÁ, Altuna M, Sala I, Sánchez-Saudinós MB, Videla L, Valldeneu S, Subirana A, Pegueroles J, Hirtz C, Vialaret J, Lehmann S, Karikari TK, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Belbin O, Blesa R, Clarimón J, Fortea J, Lleó A. Use of plasma biomarkers for AT(N) classification of neurodegenerative dementias. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:1206-1214. [PMID: 34103344 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-326603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES All categories included in the AT(N) classification can now be measured in plasma. However, their agreement with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers is not fully established. A blood signature to generate the AT(N) classification would facilitate early diagnosis of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) through an easy and minimally invasive approach. METHODS We measured Aβ, pTau181 and neurofilament light (NfL) in 150 plasma samples of the Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration cohort including patients with mild cognitive impairment, AD dementia, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and cognitively normal participants. We classified participants in the AT(N) categories according to CSF biomarkers and studied the diagnostic value of plasma biomarkers within each category individually and in combination. RESULTS The plasma Aβ composite, pTau181 and NfL yielded areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.75, 0.78 and 0.88 to discriminate positive and negative participants in their respective A, T and N categories. The combination of all three markers did not outperform pTau181 alone (AUC=0.81) to discriminate A+T+ from A-T- participants. There was a moderate correlation between plasma Aβ composite and CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 (Rho=-0.5, p<0.001) and between plasma pTau181 and CSF pTau181 in the entire cohort (Rho=0.51, p<0.001). NfL levels in plasma showed high correlation with those in CSF (Rho=0.78, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma biomarkers are useful to detect the AT(N) categories, and their use can differentiate patients with pathophysiological evidence of AD. A blood AT(N) signature may facilitate early diagnosis and follow-up of patients with AD through an easy and minimally invasive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constance Delaby
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,IRMB, INM, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Biochimie-Protéomique clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Laia Muñoz
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soraya Torres
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Estellés
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuole Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Barroeta
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmona-Iragui
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Santos-Santos
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Altuna
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sala
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Belén Sánchez-Saudinós
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Videla
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Catalana Síndrome Down, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Sílvia Valldeneu
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Subirana
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Pegueroles
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- IRMB, INM, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Biochimie-Protéomique clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Vialaret
- IRMB, INM, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Biochimie-Protéomique clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- IRMB, INM, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Biochimie-Protéomique clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Mölndal, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
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Alldred MJ, Martini AC, Patterson D, Hendrix J, Granholm AC. Aging with Down Syndrome-Where Are We Now and Where Are We Going? J Clin Med 2021; 10:4687. [PMID: 34682809 PMCID: PMC8539670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a form of accelerated aging, and people with DS are highly prone to aging-related conditions that include vascular and neurological disorders. Due to the overexpression of several genes on Chromosome 21, for example genes encoding amyloid precursor protein (APP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and some of the interferon receptors, those with DS exhibit significant accumulation of amyloid, phospho-tau, oxidative stress, neuronal loss, and neuroinflammation in the brain as they age. In this review, we will summarize the major strides in this research field that have been made in the last few decades, as well as discuss where we are now, and which research areas are considered essential for the field in the future. We examine the scientific history of DS bridging these milestones in research to current efforts in the field. We extrapolate on comorbidities associated with this phenotype and highlight clinical networks in the USA and Europe pursuing clinical research, concluding with funding efforts and recent recommendations to the NIH regarding DS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Alldred
- Nathan Kline Institute, NYU Grossman Medical School, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA;
| | - Alessandra C. Martini
- Department of Pathology and Lab. Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - David Patterson
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA;
| | - James Hendrix
- LuMind IDSC Foundation, 20 Mall Road, Suite 200, Burlington, MA 01801, USA;
| | - Ann-Charlotte Granholm
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA;
- Department of Neurosurgery, CU Anschutz, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Rujeedawa T, Carrillo Félez E, Clare ICH, Fortea J, Strydom A, Rebillat AS, Coppus A, Levin J, Zaman SH. The Clinical and Neuropathological Features of Sporadic (Late-Onset) and Genetic Forms of Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4582. [PMID: 34640600 PMCID: PMC8509365 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to compare and highlight the clinical and pathological aspects of genetic versus acquired Alzheimer's disease: Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer's disease in (DSAD) and Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) are compared with the late-onset form of the disease (LOAD). DSAD and ADAD present in a younger population and are more likely to manifest with non-amnestic (such as dysexecutive function features) in the prodromal phase or neurological features (such as seizures and paralysis) especially in ADAD. The very large variety of mutations associated with ADAD explains the wider range of phenotypes. In the LOAD, age-associated comorbidities explain many of the phenotypic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzil Rujeedawa
- Cambridge Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, UK; (T.R.); (E.C.F.); (I.C.H.C.)
| | - Eva Carrillo Félez
- Cambridge Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, UK; (T.R.); (E.C.F.); (I.C.H.C.)
| | - Isabel C. H. Clare
- Cambridge Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, UK; (T.R.); (E.C.F.); (I.C.H.C.)
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Fulbourn CB21 5EF, UK
| | - Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andre Strydom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK;
- South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, The LonDowns Consortium, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | | | - Antonia Coppus
- Department for Primary and Community Care, Department of Primary and Community Care (149 ELG), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Shahid H. Zaman
- Cambridge Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, UK; (T.R.); (E.C.F.); (I.C.H.C.)
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Fulbourn CB21 5EF, UK
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50
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Xin JY, Zhu XY, Huang X, Liu YH, Tan J, Xiang Y. Editorial: Immunological Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Immunotherapies of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:733282. [PMID: 34588975 PMCID: PMC8473822 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.733282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yan Xin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Basic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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