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Geister E, Ard D, Patel H, Findley A, DeSouza G, Martin L, Knox H, Gavara N, Lugea A, Sabbatini ME. The Role of Twist1 in Chronic Pancreatitis-Associated Pancreatic Stellate Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00234-7. [PMID: 39032603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In a healthy pancreas, pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs) synthesize the basement membrane, which is mainly composed of collagen IV and laminin. In chronic pancreatitis (CP), PaSCs are responsible for the production of a rigid extracellular matrix (ECM), which is mainly composed of fibronectin and collagen I/III. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) evoke the formation of the rigid ECM by PaSCs. One of the sources of ROS is NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes. Nox1 up-regulates the expression of Twist1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 in PaSCs from mice with CP. Here 1) the functional relationship between Twist1 and MMP-9, and other PaSC-produced proteins, and 2) the extent to which Twist1 regulates the digestion of ECM proteins in CP were determined. Twist1 induced the expression of MMP-9 in mPaSCs. The action of Twist1 was not selective to MMP-9 because Twist1 induced the expression of collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, TGF-β, and αSMA. Using luciferase assay, Twist1 in hPaSCs increased the expression of MMP-9 at the transcriptional level in a NF-ĸB dependent manner. The digestion of collagen I/III by MMP-9 secreted by PaSCs from mice with CP was dependent on Twist1. Thus, Twist1 in PaSCs from mice with CP induces the production of a rigid ECM and the transcription of MMP-9 in a NF-ĸB dependent mechanism that selectively displays a proteolytic activity toward collagen I/III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Geister
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dalton Ard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Heer Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Alyssa Findley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Godfrey DeSouza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lyndsay Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Henry Knox
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Natasha Gavara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Zhou Y, Xu M, Shen W, Xu Y, Shao A, Xu P, Yao K, Han H, Ye J. Recent Advances in Nanomedicine for Ocular Fundus Neovascularization Disease Management. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304626. [PMID: 38406994 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
As an indispensable part of the human sensory system, visual acuity may be impaired and even develop into irreversible blindness due to various ocular pathologies. Among ocular diseases, fundus neovascularization diseases (FNDs) are prominent etiologies of visual impairment worldwide. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs remains the primary therapy but is hurdled by common complications and incomplete potency. To renovate the current therapeutic modalities, nanomedicine emerged as the times required, which is endowed with advanced capabilities, able to fulfill the effective ocular fundus drug delivery and achieve precise drug release control, thus further improving the therapeutic effect. This review provides a comprehensive summary of advances in nanomedicine for FND management from state-of-the-art studies. First, the current therapeutic modalities for FNDs are thoroughly introduced, focusing on the key challenges of ocular fundus drug delivery. Second, nanocarriers are comprehensively reviewed for ocular posterior drug delivery based on the nanostructures: polymer-based nanocarriers, lipid-based nanocarriers, and inorganic nanoparticles. Thirdly, the characteristics of the fundus microenvironment, their pathological changes during FNDs, and corresponding strategies for constructing smart nanocarriers are elaborated. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of nanomedicine for FND management are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Wenyue Shen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - An Shao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Peifang Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Haijie Han
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
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Aguilar EC, Fernandes-Braga W, Santos EA, Leocádio PCL, Dos Santos Aggum Capettini L, Orellano LAA, Campos PP, Lemos VS, Soares FLP, Navia-Pelaez JM, Alvarez-Leite JI. Gluten worsens non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by affecting lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in diet-induced obese apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1335-1347. [PMID: 37402020 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatic fat accumulation and hepatocyte injury. Preclinical studies have shown exacerbated weight gain associated with an obesogenic gluten-containing diet. However, whether gluten affects obesity-induced hepatic lipid accumulation still remains unclear. We hypothesized that gluten intake could affect fatty liver development in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of gluten intake on NAFLD in HFD-induced obese mice. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice were fed with a HFD containing (GD) or not (GFD) vital wheat gluten (4.5%) for 10 weeks. Blood and liver were collected for further analysis. We found that gluten exacerbated weight gain, hepatic fat deposition, and hyperglycemia without affecting the serum lipid profile. Livers of the GD group showed a larger area of fibrosis, associated with the expression of collagen and MMP9, and higher expression of apoptosis-related factors, p53, p21, and caspase-3. The expression of lipogenic factors, such as PPARγ and Acc1, was more elevated and factors related to beta-oxidation, such as PPARα and Cpt1, were lower in the GD group compared to the GFD. Further, gluten intake induced a more significant expression of Cd36, suggesting higher uptake of free fatty acids. Finally, we found lower protein expression of PGC1α followed by lower activation of AMPK. Our data show that gluten-containing high-fat diet exacerbated NAFLD by affecting lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in obese Apoe-/- mice through a mechanism involving lower activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edenil Costa Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil.
- Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Weslley Fernandes-Braga
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil
- Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elandia Aparecida Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Peixoto Campos
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virginia Soares Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Maria Navia-Pelaez
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil
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Cheng R, Wang J, Wu Q, Peng P, Liao G, Luo X, Liang Z, Huang J, Qin M. The Predictive Value of Serum DAO, HDC, and MMP8 for the Gastrointestinal Injury in the Early Stage of Acute Pancreatitis in an Animal Model and a Clinical Study. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:1937-1948. [PMID: 38736673 PMCID: PMC11088402 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s461352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was aimed at exploring the use of the acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) grade and sensitive biomarkers to investigate gastrointestinal (GI) injury in early stage of acute pancreatitis (AP). Patients and Methods The AGI grade was used to evaluate intestinal function. Any GI injury above grade I (grades II-IV) was considered as severe. An AP rat model was created by retrograde injection of 4% sodium taurocholate. The pancreatic and intestinal histopathology scores were calculated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Human and rat sera were assessed using ELISA. Tight junction (TJ) proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results In clinical study, the GI injury rate in mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), moderate severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP), and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) groups was 26.8%, 78.4%, and 94.8%, respectively (P < 0.05). Diamine oxidase (DAO), histidine decarboxylase (HDC), and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8) serum levels were higher in AP patients than in healthy people (P < 0.05). Patients with GI injury had higher serum levels of DAO, HDC, and MMP8 than those without GI injury (P < 0.05). In animal experiments, the serum levels of DAO, HDC, and MMP8 were higher in the AP group than in normal and sham-operated (SO) groups (P < 0.05). The expressions of tricellulin, claudin-1, ZO-1, and occludin were significantly lower in the AP group than in normal and SO groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The serum levels of DAO, HDC, and MMP8 are novel biomarkers of GI injury in the early stage of AP; their elevation indicates the development of GI injury in AP. The intestinal TJ disruption may be a primary mechanism of GI injury and requires more in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guolin Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihai Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiean Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengbin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
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Palladini G, Di Pasqua LG, Croce AC, Ferrigno A, Vairetti M. Recent Updates on the Therapeutic Prospects of Reversion-Inducing Cysteine-Rich Protein with Kazal Motifs (RECK) in Liver Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17407. [PMID: 38139236 PMCID: PMC10743940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), a membrane-anchored glycoprotein, negatively regulates various membrane proteins involved in the tissue governing extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling such as metalloproteases (MMPs) and the sheddases ADAM10 and ADAM17. The significance of the present review is to summarize the current understanding of the pathophysiological role of RECK, a newly discovered signaling pathway associated with different liver injuries. Specifically, this review analyzes published data on the downregulation of RECK expression in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, liver-related cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), as well as in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In addition, this review discusses the regulation of RECK by inducers, such as FXR agonists. The RECK protein has also been suggested as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for liver injury or as a biomarker with predictive value for drug treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Palladini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.P.); (L.G.D.P.); (M.V.)
- Internal Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Giuseppina Di Pasqua
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.P.); (L.G.D.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Anna Cleta Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.P.); (L.G.D.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.P.); (L.G.D.P.); (M.V.)
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Kronborg TM, Schierwagen R, Trošt K, Gao Q, Moritz T, Bendtsen F, Gantzel RH, Andersen ML, Teisner AS, Grønbæk H, Hobolth L, Møller S, Trebicka J, Kimer N. Atorvastatin for patients with cirrhosis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0332. [PMID: 38051553 PMCID: PMC10697620 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension face a high risk of complications. Besides their anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects, statins may reduce portal pressure and thus the risk of complications and mortality. We aimed to investigate the effects of atorvastatin on hospital admissions, mortality, inflammation, and lipidomics in cirrhosis with portal hypertension. METHODS We performed a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial among patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Atorvastatin (10-20 mg/d) was administered for 6 months. We measured splanchnic hemodynamics, analyzed inflammatory markers, and performed lipidomics at baseline and after 6 months. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients were randomized, with 38 patients allocated to atorvastatin and 40 patients to placebo. Fifty-nine patients completed 6 months of intervention. Comparisons between changes in each group were calculated. Liver-related complications and mortality were similar between the groups. The HVPG and Model for End-stage Liver Disease score did not change between groups (p=0.95 and 0.87, respectively). Atorvastatin decreased 3 of 42 inflammatory markers, CD62-L-selectin, matrix metalloproteinases-2, and TNF-α (p-values: 0.005, 0.011, and 0.023, respectively), while lipidomics was not significantly changed. CONCLUSIONS In patients with cirrhosis, atorvastatin was safe to use, but did not reduce mortality, the risk of liver-related complications, or the HVPG. Atorvastatin induced minor anti-inflammatory effects and minor effects on lipids during a 6-month treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thit M. Kronborg
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Robert Schierwagen
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kajetan Trošt
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qian Gao
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Bendtsen
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus H. Gantzel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette L. Andersen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ane S. Teisner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise Hobolth
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Søren Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre of Functional Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Kimer
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Sabir U, Gu HM, Zhang DW. Extracellular matrix turnover: phytochemicals target and modulate the dual role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in liver fibrosis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4932-4962. [PMID: 37461256 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) resolution by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a well-documented mechanism. MMPs play a dual and complex role in modulating ECM degradation at different stages of liver fibrosis, depending on the timing and levels of their expression. Increased MMP-1 combats disease progression by cleaving the fibrillar ECM. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) increase expression of MMP-2, -9, and -13 in different chemicals-induced animal models, which may alleviate or worsen disease progression based on animal models and the stage of liver fibrosis. In the early stage, elevated expression of certain MMPs may damage surrounding tissue and activate HSCs, promoting fibrosis progression. At the later stage, downregulation of MMPs can facilitate ECM accumulation and disease progression. A number of phytochemicals modulate MMP activity and ECM turnover, alleviating disease progression. However, the effects of phytochemicals on the expression of different MMPs are variable and may depend on the disease models and stage, and the dosage, timing and duration of phytochemicals used in each study. Here, we review the most recent advances in the role of MMPs in the effects of phytochemicals on liver fibrogenesis, which indicates that further studies are warranted to confirm and define the potential clinical efficacy of these phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Sabir
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hong-Mei Gu
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Duan H, Wang X, Qi W, Shi J, Han L, Wang G, Xu Y, Liu J, Wang J. Two genetic variants in the SRD5A2 gene are found to be associated with sex differences in the disease characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:68. [PMID: 37784175 PMCID: PMC10546680 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the expression characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SRD5A2 gene and investigate their potential association with differences in the clinical characteristics between sexes in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. METHODS A total of 30 loci in six genes primarily involved in the metabolism and signaling of sex hormones/sex hormone receptors, namely AKR1C2, AKR1C3, HSD17B6, SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and ESR1, were genotyped in 1007 patients from eight counties (cities) in Northeastern China with chronic HBV infection and 1040 healthy controls, and their association with viral replication characteristics and the differences in disease severity between sexes was assessed. Western blotting was conducted to determine the hepatic SRD5A2 protein level and its relationship with the inflammatory activity and fibrosis degree in male and female patients. RESULTS Two SNP loci in the SRD5A2 gene (rs12470143 and rs7594951) exhibited significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies between sexes, with the proportion of T alleles significantly higher in males than in females. It was found that the incidence and severity of HBV-related liver fibrosis were significantly higher in patients with the T/T genotype in SRD5A2 rs12470143 and rs7594951 than those with the non-T/T genotype. Additionally, serum HBV DNA levels were significantly elevated in T/T patients compared to non-T/T patients. Female patients exhibited significantly lower serum DNA levels compared to male patients. Western blot analysis indicated that greater hepatic SRD5A2 protein levels were associated with higher METAVIR inflammation and fibrosis scores. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that the two genetic variants in the SRD5A2 gene (rs12470143 C > T, r7594951 C > T), together with the male sex, age > 50 years old, HBeAg positive status, elevated serum HBsAg load, high serum HBV DNA load, and HBV genotype C, were independent risk factors for HBV-related liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that two genetic variants in the SRD5A2 gene (rs12470143 C > T, r7594951 C > T) are associated with sex differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Wenqian Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jingyi Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Songyuan Jilin Oilfield Hospital, Songyuan, 138000, Jilin, China
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jiangbin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai St., Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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9
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Banerjee S, Baidya SK, Adhikari N, Jha T. An updated patent review of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors (2021-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:631-649. [PMID: 37982191 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2284935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are strongly interlinked with the progression and mechanisms of several life-threatening diseases including cancer. Thus, novel MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) as promising drug candidates can be effective in combating these diseases. However, no MMPIs are marketed to date due to poor pharmacokinetics and lower selectivity. Therefore, this review was performed to study the newer MMPIs patented after the COVID-19 period for an updated perspective on MMPIs. AREAS COVERED This review highlights patents related to MMPIs, and their therapeutic implications published between January 2021 and August 2023 available in the Google Patents, Patentscope, and Espacenet databases. EXPERT OPINION Despite various MMP-related patents disclosed up to 2020, newer patent applications in the post-COVID-19 period decreased a lot. Besides major MMPs, other isoforms (i.e. MMP-3 and MMP-7) have gained attention recently for drug development. This may open up newer dimensions targeting these MMPs for therapeutic advancements. The isoform selectivity and bioavailability are major concerns for effective MMPI development. Thus, adopting theoretical approaches and experimental methodologies can unveil the development of novel MMPIs with improved pharmacokinetic profiles. Nevertheless, the involvement of MMPs in cancer, and the mechanisms of such MMPs in other diseases should be extensively studied for novel MMPI development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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10
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Khatkov IE, Bordin DS, Lesko KA, Dubtsova EA, Karnaukhov NS, Kiriukova MA, Makarenko NV, Dorofeev AS, Savina IV, Salimgereeva DA, Shurygina EI, Vinokurova LV. Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography and Laboratory Parameters as Non-Invasive Diagnostic Markers of Pancreatic Fibrosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2435. [PMID: 37510179 PMCID: PMC10377847 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis (PF) is a part of the pathogenesis in most pancreatic disorders and plays a crucial role in chronic pancreatitis development. The aim of our study was to investigate a relationship between PF grade and signs in resected pancreatic specimens, and the results of both multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) post-processing parameters and fibronectin (FN), hyaluronic acid (HA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-9 serum levels. The examination results of 74 patients were analyzed. The unenhanced pancreas density (UPD) value and contrast enhancement ratio (CER) showed statistically significant differences in groups with peri- and intralobular fibrosis grades, an integrative index of fibrosis, inflammation in pancreatic tissue, and pancreatic duct epithelium metaplasia, while the normalized contrast enhancement ratio in the venous phase (NCER VP) significantly differed with the perilobular fibrosis grade, integrative fibrosis index, and inflammation (p < 0.05). The blood FN level showed a weak positive correlation with the intralobular fibrosis grade (rho = 0.32, p = 0.008). The blood level of HA positively correlated with the presence of prominent and enlarged peripheral nerves (rho = 0.28, p = 0.02) and negatively correlated with the unenhanced pancreas density value (rho = -0.42, p = 0.0001). MMP-1 and MMP-9 values' intergroup analysis and correlation did not show any statistical significance. The UPD value, NCER VP, and CER, as well as blood levels of FN and HA, could be used in non-invasive PF diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor E Khatkov
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, 111123 Moscow, Russia
- Chair of Faculty Surgery No. 2, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Bordin
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, 111123 Moscow, Russia
- Chair of Faculty Surgery No. 2, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
- Chair of General Medical Practice and Family Medicine, Tver State Medical University, 170100 Tver, Russia
| | | | - Elena A Dubtsova
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria A Kiriukova
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey S Dorofeev
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Savina
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elena I Shurygina
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, 111123 Moscow, Russia
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Shan L, Wang F, Zhai D, Meng X, Liu J, Lv X. Matrix metalloproteinases induce extracellular matrix degradation through various pathways to alleviate hepatic fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114472. [PMID: 37002573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the common consequence of various chronic liver injuries and is mainly characterized by the imbalance between the production and degradation of extracellular matrix, which leads to the accumulation of interstitial collagen and other matrix components. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific inhibitors, that is, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), play a crucial role in collagen synthesis and lysis. Previous in vivo and in vitro studies of our laboratory found repressing extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation by restoring the balance between MMPs and TIMPs can alleviate liver fibrosis. We conducted a review of articles published in PubMed and Science Direct in the last decade until February 1, 2023, which were searched for using these words "MMPs/TIMPs" and "Hepatic Fibrosis." Through a literature review, this article reviews the experimental studies of liver fibrosis based on MMPs/TIMPs, summarizes the components that may exert an anti-liver fibrosis effect by affecting the expression or activity of MMPs/TIMPs, and attempts to clarify the mechanism of MMPs/TIMPs in regulating collagen homeostasis, so as to provide support for the development of anti-liver fibrosis drugs. We found the MMP-TIMP-ECM interaction can result in better understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of hepatic fibrosis from a different angle, and targeting this interaction may be a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis. Additionally, we summarized and analyzed the drugs that have been found to reduce liver fibrosis by changing the ratio of MMPs/TIMPs, including medicine natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Dandan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Xiangyun Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China.
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Shivapurkar N, Gay MD, He A(R, Chen W, Golnazar S, Cao H, Duka T, Kallakury B, Vasudevan S, Smith JP. Treatment with a Cholecystokinin Receptor Antagonist, Proglumide, Improves Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Antibodies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043625. [PMID: 36835036 PMCID: PMC9965856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Treatment with immune checkpoint antibodies has shown promise in advanced HCC, but the response is only 15-20%. We discovered a potential target for the treatment of HCC, the cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR). This receptor is overexpressed in murine and human HCC and not in normal liver tissue. Mice bearing syngeneic RIL-175 HCC tumors were treated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS; control), proglumide (a CCK-receptor antagonist), an antibody to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1Ab), or the combination of proglumide and the PD-1Ab. In vitro, RNA was extracted from untreated or proglumide-treated murine Dt81Hepa1-6 HCC cells and analyzed for expression of fibrosis-associated genes. RNA was also extracted from human HepG2 HCC cells or HepG2 cells treated with proglumide and subjected to RNA sequencing. Results showed that proglumide decreased fibrosis in the tumor microenvironment and increased the number of intratumoral CD8+ T cells in RIL-175 tumors. When proglumide was given in combination with the PD-1Ab, there was a further significant increase in intratumoral CD8+ T cells, improved survival, and alterations in genes regulating tumoral fibrosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. RNAseq results from human HepG2 HCC cells treated with proglumide showed significant changes in differentially expressed genes involved in tumorigenesis, fibrosis, and the tumor microenvironment. The use of the CCK receptor antagonist may improve efficacy of immune checkpoint antibodies and survival in those with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha D. Gay
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Aiwu (Ruth) He
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Shermineh Golnazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Tetyana Duka
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Sona Vasudevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jill P. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Correspondence:
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Lyu S, Yang Q, Li T, Duan X, Liu J, Pan F, Yu Y, Zhang T. Mechanism investigation of fermented egg-milk peptides on colonic inflammatory diseases: based on in vivo and in silico research. Food Funct 2022; 13:12707-12720. [PMID: 36408754 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02577a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fermented egg-milk peptides (FEMPs) could alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory diseases but the underlying regulating mechanism of effective ingredients is unclear now. Our research was designed to confirm the protective function of FEMP, then analyze the potential targets and pathways that could be regulated by digested FEMP (dFEMP). The results showed that FEMP could ease the inflammatory symptoms in the colon, repair the damage of inflammation, and decrease the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (decreased by 31.81% TNF-α, 60.20% IL-1β, 85.65% IL-6). The results of in silico experiments revealed that dFEMP could influence many inflammation-related targets. Most targets affected the inflammation-related function and participated in the inflammatory signaling pathways, such as the T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway. Besides, molecular docking results revealed that hydrogen-bonding and salt bridges played vital roles in the dFEMP-target interactions. Combining in vivo experiments with in silico experiments, this study can prove a new theory for research between the bioactive peptides and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Lyu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuehui Duan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengguang Pan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiding Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
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Baidya SK, Banerjee S, Adhikari N, Jha T. Selective Inhibitors of Medium-Size S1' Pocket Matrix Metalloproteinases: A Stepping Stone of Future Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10709-10754. [PMID: 35969157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMPs having medium-size S1' pockets are established as promising biomolecular targets for executing crucial roles in cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, no such MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) are available to date as drug candidates despite a lot of continuous research work for more than three decades. Due to a high degree of structural resemblance among these MMPs, designing selective MMPIs is quite challenging. However, the variability and uniqueness of the S1' pockets of these MMPs make them promising targets for designing selective MMPIs. In this perspective, the overall structural aspects of medium-size S1' pocket MMPs including the unique binding patterns of enzyme-inhibitor interactions have been discussed in detail to acquire knowledge regarding selective inhibitor designing. This overall knowledge will surely be a curtain raiser for the designing of selective MMPIs as drug candidates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Kumar Baidya
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suvankar Banerjee
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Su SB, Tao L, Liang XL, Chen W. Long noncoding RNA GAS5 inhibits LX-2 cells activation by suppressing NF-κB signalling through regulation of the miR-433-3p/TLR10 axis. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:1066-1075. [PMID: 34903500 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a common disease that can lead to hepatic failure. AIMS Our aims were to reveal the role of GAS5 in the regulation of liver fibrosis. METHODS LX-2 human hepatic satellite cells (HSCs) were cultured and activated using TGF-β1 treatment. A CCK-8 assay was performed to assess cell viability. A luciferase assay was employed to monitor the interactions between miR-433-3p and GAS5 or toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10). Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were applied to detect the expression levels of α-SMA, Col. I, PCNA-, MMP2-, MMP9-, TLR10-, and NF-κB-related molecules at the protein and RNA levels. RESULTS GAS5 and TLR10 were decreased while miR-433-3p was upregulated in TGF-β1-activated LX-2 cells. Upregulation of GAS5 or downregulation of miR-433-3p suppressed HSC activation, and luciferase assays indicated that miR-433-3p binds with GAS5 and the 3'-UTR of TLR10. MiR-433-3p upregulation and TLR10 downregulation rescued the impacts of GAS5 overexpression or miR-433-3p knockdown on LX-2 cells. Upregulation of GAS5 also suppressed the phosphorylation of NF-κB through the miR-433-3p/TLR10 axis. CONCLUSION LncRNA GAS5 exerts an inhibitory effect on HSC activation by suppressing NF-κB signalling through regulation of the miR-433-3p/TLR10 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Biao Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, P.R. China.
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Le Liang
- Basic Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Teaching Affairs, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, P.R. China
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A promising antifibrotic drug, pyridoxamine attenuates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis by combating oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and balancing matrix metalloproteinases. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174910. [PMID: 35339478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common chronic hepatic disease. This study was done to examine the effect of pyridoxamine against thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis. Animals were divided into four groups (1) control group; (2) Thioacetamide group (200 mg/kg, i.p.) twice a week for eight weeks; (3) Pyridoxamine-treated group treated with pyridoxamine (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for eight weeks; (4) Thioacetamide and pyridoxamine group, in which pyridoxamine was given (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) during thioacetamide injections. Thioacetamide treatment resulted in hepatic dysfunction manifested by increased serum levels of bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Oxidative stress was noted by increased hepatic lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione (GSH). Increased concentrations of total nitrite/nitrate, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2&9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were noticed in hepatic tissues. Immunostaining sections also revealed overexpression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and collagen IV. Liver fibrosis was confirmed by severe histopathological changes. Pyridoxamine improved the assessed parameters. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistological studies supported the ability of pyridoxamine to reduce liver fibrosis. The findings of the present study provide evidence that pyridoxamine is a novel target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Ju Y, Dai X, Tang Z, Ming Z, Ni N, Zhu D, Zhang J, Ma B, Wang J, Huang R, Zhao S, Pang Y, Gu P. Verteporfin-mediated on/off photoswitching functions synergistically to treat choroidal vascular diseases. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:402-415. [PMID: 35386820 PMCID: PMC8964818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroidal vascular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, are the leading cause of vision impairment and are characterized by pathological angiogenesis. Verteporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy is a current strategy that selectively occludes choroidal neovasculature. However, the clinically used large-dose systemic administration increases the risk of systemic adverse events, such as phototoxicity to superficial tissues. In this study, we developed an in situ verteporfin delivery system with a photoswitching synergistic function that disassembles in response to intraocular inflammatory enzymes. Under light-on conditions, verteporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy effectively occurs and this leads to vascular occlusion. Under light-off conditions, non-photoactive verteporfin negatively regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis as a yes-associated protein inhibitor. Taken together, our system serves as an intraocular verteporfin reservoir to improve the bioavailability of verteporfin by innovatively exploiting its photochemical and biological functions. This work provides a promising strategy with synergistic antiangiogenic effects for the treatment of choroidal vascular diseases. For the first time, an intraocular verteporfin delivery system with on/off photoswitching synergistic functions is reported. VP-TGMS with light-on effectively leads to occlusion of choroidal pathological neovascularization via photodynamic mechanism. VP-TGMS with light-off significantly suppresses VEGF-induced angiogenesis via YAP signaling inhibition. This study provides a promising strategy for the treatment of choroidal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Xiaochan Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Zhimin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Zunzhen Ming
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Dongqing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Yan Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Corresponding author. 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Corresponding author. 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Lv Z, Han G, Li C. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 is involved in ROS-mediated inflammation via regulating matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104298. [PMID: 34662683 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) serve as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases in vertebrates. We cloned and characterised the TIMP1 gene from Apostichopus japonicus using RACE approaches (designated as AjTIMP1). For Vibrio splendidus-challenged sea cucumbers, the peak expression of AjTIMP1 mRNAs in coelomocytes was detected at 24 h (23.44-fold) and remained at high levels (4.01-fold) until 72 h. Similarly, AjTIMP1 expression was upregulated in primary coelomocytes exposed to 10 μg mL-1 LPS. AjTIMP1 was expressed in all tissues, and the highest expression was observed in the body wall. Functional investigation revealed an imbalance in the ratio of AjMMP1/AjTIMP1 in the skin ulceration syndrome (SUS) diseased group; it was sharply up-regulated to 3.97:1 compared with the healthy group. Furthermore, when AjTIMP1 was knocked down using small interfering RNA (siRNA-KD) to 0.4-fold, AjMMP1 and AjMMP19 were upregulated to 1.99- and 1.85-fold, respectively. AjTIMP1 siRNA-KD can promote ROS production by 26.2%, whereas AjMMP1 siRNA-KD can eliminate the increase in ROS. In inflamed tissues, collagen I and III levels were decreased by 33.1% and 33.6%, respectively, in the AjTIMP1 siRNA group at 24 h AjTIMP1 was involved in the inflammatory response by mediating ROS formation and collagen degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Guanghui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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Peng W, Kepsch A, Kracht TO, Hasan H, Wijayarathna R, Wahle E, Pleuger C, Bhushan S, Günther S, Kauerhof AC, Planinić A, Fietz D, Schuppe HC, Wygrecka M, Loveland KL, Ježek D, Meinhardt A, Hedger MP, Fijak M. Activin A and CCR2 regulate macrophage function in testicular fibrosis caused by experimental autoimmune orchitis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:602. [PMID: 36434305 PMCID: PMC9700630 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune-orchitis (EAO), a rodent model of chronic testicular inflammation and fibrosis, replicates pathogenic changes seen in some cases of human spermatogenic disturbances. During EAO, increased levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators such as TNF, CCL2, and activin A are accompanied by infiltration of leukocytes into the testicular parenchyma. Activin A levels correlate with EAO severity, while elevated CCL2 acting through its receptor CCR2 mediates leukocyte trafficking and recruits macrophages. CCR2 + CXCR4 + macrophages producing extracellular matrix proteins contribute widely to fibrogenesis. Furthermore, testicular macrophages (TMs) play a critical role in organ homeostasis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of the activin A/CCL2-CCR2/macrophage axis in the development of testicular fibrosis. Following EAO induction, we observed lower levels of organ damage, collagen deposition, and leukocyte infiltration (including fibronectin+, collagen I+ and CXCR4+ TMs) in Ccr2-/- mice than in WT mice. Furthermore, levels of Il-10, Ccl2, and the activin A subunit Inhba mRNAs were lower in Ccr2-/- EAO testes. Notably, fibronectin+ TMs were also present in biopsies from patients with impaired spermatogenesis and fibrotic alterations. Overexpression of the activin A antagonist follistatin reduced tissue damage and collagen I+ TM accumulation in WT EAO testes, while treating macrophages with activin A in vitro increased the expression of Ccr2, Fn1, Cxcr4, and Mmp2 and enhanced migration along a CCL2 gradient; these effects were abolished by follistatin. Taken together, our data indicate that CCR2 and activin A promote fibrosis during testicular inflammation by regulating macrophage function. Inhibition of CCR2 or activin A protects against damage progression, offering a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Artem Kepsch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Till O Kracht
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hiba Hasan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rukmali Wijayarathna
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eva Wahle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Pleuger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - A Christine Kauerhof
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ana Planinić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Schuppe
- Department of Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung, German Center for Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kate L Loveland
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Davor Ježek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark P Hedger
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Monika Fijak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Vitale DS, Lahni P, Hornung L, Thompson T, Farrell PR, Lin TK, Nathan JD, Wong HR, Abu-El-Haija M. Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in pediatric severe acute pancreatitis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261708. [PMID: 35157709 PMCID: PMC8843225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is increasing in incidence in adult and pediatric patients. Identification of patients at high risk for progression to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is crucial, as it can lead to increased mortality and health system cost. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases which degrade extracellular matrix proteins and increase activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate MMP activity. Prior limited studies of MMPs and TIMPs have found some to be associated with development of SAP. The aim of this study was to further investigate the role of MMPs and TIMPs in detecting pediatric patients at risk for developing moderately severe AP or SAP. METHODS Plasma samples were prospectively collected for patients <21 years of age presenting with AP between November 2015 and October 2019, along with healthy controls. Bead-based multiplex assays were utilized to test levels of 12 MMPs and TIMPs. RESULTS Samples were collected from 7 subjects who developed SAP, 7 with moderately severe AP, 45 with mild AP and 44 healthy controls. MMP-9 (p = 0.04) and TIMP-1 (p = 0.01) levels were significantly higher in SAP patients. A multivariable logistic regression model using MMP-9 and TIMP-1 predicted SAP (AUROC 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-0.98). CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that MMP9 and TIMP1 levels are increased at AP presentation in pediatric patients who developed SAP during the course of illness. Further studies are needed to validate the use of MMPs and TIMPs as predictive tools for development of SAP in pediatric pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Vitale
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick Lahni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lindsey Hornung
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tyler Thompson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter R. Farrell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tom K. Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jaimie D. Nathan
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hector R. Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Is the Macrophage Phenotype Determinant for Fibrosis Development? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121747. [PMID: 34944564 PMCID: PMC8698841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathophysiological process of wound repair that leads to the deposit of connective tissue in the extracellular matrix. This complication is mainly associated with different pathologies affecting several organs such as lung, liver, heart, kidney, and intestine. In this fibrotic process, macrophages play an important role since they can modulate fibrosis due to their high plasticity, being able to adopt different phenotypes depending on the microenvironment in which they are found. In this review, we will try to discuss whether the macrophage phenotype exerts a pivotal role in the fibrosis development in the most important fibrotic scenarios.
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22
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Pterostilbene is more efficacious than hydroxystilbenes in protecting liver fibrogenesis in a carbon tetracholride-induced rat model. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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23
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Identification of Broad-Spectrum MMP Inhibitors by Virtual Screening. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154553. [PMID: 34361703 PMCID: PMC8347235 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the family of proteases that are mainly responsible for degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In the skin, the overexpression of MMPs as a result of ultraviolet radiation triggers an imbalance in the ECM turnover in a process called photoaging, which ultimately results in skin wrinkling and premature skin ageing. Therefore, the inhibition of different enzymes of the MMP family at a topical level could have positive implications for photoaging. Considering that the MMP catalytic region is mostly conserved across different enzymes of the MMP family, in this study we aimed to design a virtual screening (VS) workflow to identify broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors that can be used to delay the development of photoaging. Our in silico approach was validated in vitro with 20 VS hits from the Specs library that were not only structurally different from one another but also from known MMP inhibitors. In this bioactivity assay, 18 of the 20 compounds inhibit at least one of the assayed MMPs at 100 μM (with 5 of them showing around 50% inhibition in all the tested MMPs at this concentration). Finally, this VS was used to identify natural products that have the potential to act as broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors and be used as a treatment for photoaging.
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24
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Wang B, Wu Z, Li W, Liu G, Tang Y. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of Huangqi decoction on liver fibrosis via computational systems pharmacology approaches. Chin Med 2021; 16:59. [PMID: 34301291 PMCID: PMC8306236 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional Chinese medicine Huangqi decoction (HQD) consists of Radix Astragali and Radix Glycyrrhizae in a ratio of 6: 1, which has been used for the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this study, we tried to elucidate its action of mechanism (MoA) via a combination of metabolomics data, network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. METHODS Firstly, we collected prototype components and metabolic products after administration of HQD from a publication. With known and predicted targets, compound-target interactions were obtained. Then, the global compound-liver fibrosis target bipartite network and the HQD-liver fibrosis protein-protein interaction network were constructed, separately. KEGG pathway analysis was applied to further understand the mechanisms related to the target proteins of HQD. Additionally, molecular docking simulation was performed to determine the binding efficiency of compounds with targets. Finally, considering the concentrations of prototype compounds and metabolites of HQD, the critical compound-liver fibrosis target bipartite network was constructed. RESULTS 68 compounds including 17 prototype components and 51 metabolic products were collected. 540 compound-target interactions were obtained between the 68 compounds and 95 targets. Combining network analysis, molecular docking and concentration of compounds, our final results demonstrated that eight compounds (three prototype compounds and five metabolites) and eight targets (CDK1, MMP9, PPARD, PPARG, PTGS2, SERPINE1, TP53, and HIF1A) might contribute to the effects of HQD on liver fibrosis. These interactions would maintain the balance of ECM, reduce liver damage, inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis, and alleviate liver inflammation through five signaling pathways including p53, PPAR, HIF-1, IL-17, and TNF signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a new way to understand the MoA of HQD on liver fibrosis by considering the concentrations of components and metabolites, which might be a model for investigation of MoA of other Chinese herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biting Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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25
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Bryk M, Chwastek J, Mlost J, Kostrzewa M, Starowicz K. Sodium Monoiodoacetate Dose-Dependent Changes in Matrix Metalloproteinases and Inflammatory Components as Prognostic Factors for the Progression of Osteoarthritis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643605. [PMID: 33995052 PMCID: PMC8113822 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects people over 65 years old. During OA progression irreversible cartilage, synovial membrane and subchondral bone degradation is observed, which results in the development of difficult-to-treat chronic pain. One of the most important factors in OA progression is joint inflammation. Both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, as well as extracellular matrix degradation enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), play an important role in disease development. One of the most widely used animal OA models involves an intra-articular injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) directly into the joint capsule, which results in glycolysis inhibition in chondrocytes and cartilage degeneration. This model mimics the degenerative changes observed in OA patients. However, the dose of MIA varies in the literature, ranging from 0.5 to 4.8 mg. The aim of our study was to characterize grading changes after injection of 1, 2 or 3 mg of MIA at the behavioral and molecular levels over a 28-day period. In the behavioral studies, MIA injection at all doses resulted in a gradual increase in tactile allodynia and resulted in abnormal weight bearing during free walking sequences. At several days post-OA induction, cartilage, synovial membrane and synovial fluid samples were collected, and qPCR and Western blot analyses were performed. We observed significant dose- and time-dependent changes in both gene expression and protein secretion levels. Inflammatory factors (CCL2, CXCL1, IL-1β, COMP) increased at the beginning of the experiment, indicating a transient inflammatory state connected to the MIA injection and, in more severe OA, also in the advanced stages of the disease. Overall, the results in the 1 mg MIA group were not consistently clear, indicating that the lowest tested dose may not be sufficient to induce long-lasting OA-like changes at the molecular level. In the 2 mg MIA group, significant alterations in the measured factors were observed. In the 3 mg MIA group, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 levels showed very strong upregulation, which may cause overly strong reactions in animals. Therefore, a dose of 2 mg appears optimal, as it induces significant but not excessive OA-like changes in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bryk
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jakub Chwastek
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jakub Mlost
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kostrzewa
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
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26
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Dashek RJ, Diaz C, Chandrasekar B, Rector RS. The Role of RECK in Hepatobiliary Neoplasia Reveals Its Therapeutic Potential in NASH. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:770740. [PMID: 34745017 PMCID: PMC8564138 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.770740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multimorbidity disorder ranging from excess accumulation of fat in the liver (steatosis) to steatohepatitis (NASH) and end-stage cirrhosis, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a subset of patients. The defining features of NASH are inflammation and progressive fibrosis. Currently, no pharmaceutical therapies are available for NAFLD, NASH and HCC; therefore, developing novel treatment strategies is desperately needed. Reversion Inducing Cysteine Rich Protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) is a well-known modifier of the extracellular matrix in hepatic remodeling and transition to HCC. More recently, its role in regulating inflammatory and fibrogenic processes has emerged. Here, we summarize the most relevant findings that extend our current understanding of RECK as a regulator of inflammation and fibrosis, and its induction as a potential strategy to blunt the development and progression of NASH and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Dashek
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Medicine Program, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Connor Diaz
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - R. Scott Rector
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: R. Scott Rector,
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27
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Yang G, Zhan J, Yang Y, Yuan L, Wang P, Ho CT, Li S. Inhibitory effects of oxyresveratrol on ERK and Smad1/2 phosphorylation and HSC activation in preventing carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver fibrosis. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Baidya SK, Amin SA, Jha T. Outline of gelatinase inhibitors as anti-cancer agents: A patent mini-review for 2010-present. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 213:113044. [PMID: 33279289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in several pathological and physiological functions. Gelatinases (MMP-2 and -9) have significant attention as therapeutic targets against cancer. Gelatinase inhibitors have demonstrated their effectiveness in several diseases including cancer. However, it is quite a challenging task to develop inhibitors as a therapeutic agent. This review summarizes the patent dedicated to the medicinal chemistry of gelatinase inhibitor reported over last decades. We examine the patent being pursued for gelatinase inhibitor development to highlight the key issues. The main aim is to provide the scientific community with an overview of the patented gelatinase inhibitors to allow further development. During early 2000s, some MMP inhibitors failed to pass the clinical trials. Hence, the lessons learned from early evidence and recent knowledge in that field will rejuvenate the development of selective inhibitors. Various studies and patents have continued in the recent years to expand knowledge. Continuously, our research team has been involved in the design of potent and selective gelatinase inhibitors for the past few years. This study is a part of our efforts. This study may be beneficial in the design and development of better gelatinase inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Kumar Baidya
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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29
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Hussein KH, Park KM, Yu L, Kwak HH, Woo HM. Decellularized hepatic extracellular matrix hydrogel attenuates hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111160. [PMID: 32806289 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that distort the hepatic architecture. Progression of liver fibrosis results in cirrhosis and liver failure, and often, liver transplantation is required. The decellularized liver tissue contains different components that mimic the natural hepatic environment. We hypothesized that a decellularized liver hydrogel can be used to replace the necrotic hepatocytes and damaged ECM. Therefore, our aim in this study is to develop a therapy for treating liver fibrosis. Mice livers were decellularized and processed to form a hepatic hydrogel. We evaluated the biocompatibility and bioactivity of the hydrogel. The ability of the hydrogel to enhance the migration of hepatocytes and endothelial cells was investigated. Human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2) activated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was used as in vitro model for fibrogenesis. Then, the hydrogel was injected into the liver parenchyma of mice after the induction of liver fibrosis using thioacetamide. The resulting hydrogel maintained a complex composition, which included glycosaminoglycans, collagen, elastin, and growth factors. Hepatocytes and endothelial cells were shown to migrate toward the hydrogel in vitro. Liver hydrogel improved TGF-β1-induced LX-2 cells activation via blocking the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. The matrix was delivered successfully in vivo and enhanced the reduction of fibrosis and recovery to a nearly normal structure. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the liver hydrogel can be utilized as an injectable biomaterial for liver tissue engineering in order to reduce the degree of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal H Hussein
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lina Yu
- Stem Cell institute, College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Hyun Kwak
- Stem Cell institute, College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heung-Myong Woo
- Stem Cell institute, College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Gimeno A, Beltrán-Debón R, Mulero M, Pujadas G, Garcia-Vallvé S. Understanding the variability of the S1′ pocket to improve matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor selectivity profiles. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:38-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Novovic S, Borch A, Werge M, Karran D, Gluud L, Schmidt PN, Hansen EF, Nøjgaard C, Jensen AB, Jensen FK, Frøkjær JB, Hansen MB, Jørgensen LN, Drewes AM, Olesen SS. Characterisation of the fibroinflammatory process involved in progression from acute to chronic pancreatitis: study protocol for a multicentre, prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028999. [PMID: 31439604 PMCID: PMC6707691 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is thought to present the end stage of a continuous disease process evolving from acute pancreatitis (AP), over recurrent AP, to early and end-stage CP. Due to the irreversible nature of CP, early detection and prevention is key. Prospective assessment based on advanced imaging modalities as well as biochemical markers of inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress may provide a better understanding of the underlying pathological processes and help identify novel biomarkers of disease with the ultimate goal of early diagnosis, intervention and prevention of disease progression. This paper describes the protocol of a prospective multicentre cohort study investigating the fibroinflammatory process involved in progression from acute to CP using state-of-the-art diagnostic imaging modalities and circulating biomarkers of inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Adult control subjects and patients at different stages of CP according to the M-ANNHEIM system will be recruited from outpatient clinics at the participating sites and form three cohorts: controls (n=40), suspected CP (n=60) and definitive CP (n=60). Included patients will be followed prospectively for 15 years with advanced MRI and contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound with elastography, assessment of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function, biochemical and nutritional assessment, and evaluation of pain processing using quantitative sensory testing. Blood samples for a biobank will be obtained. The purpose of the biobank is to allow analyses of potential circulating biomarkers of disease progression, including markers of inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Permissions from the Regional Science Ethics committee and the Regional Data Protection Agency have been obtained. We will submit the results of the study for publication in peer-reviewed journals regardless of whether the results are positive, negative or inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdan Novovic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anders Borch
- Abdominal Center K, Bispebjerg Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Werge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - David Karran
- Abdominal Center K, Bispebjerg Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Lise Gluud
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Palle Nordblad Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Erik Feldager Hansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Camilla Nøjgaard
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jens Brøndum Frøkjær
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Schou Olesen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Wajda J, Dumnicka P, Maraj M, Ceranowicz P, Kuźniewski M, Kuśnierz-Cabala B. Potential Prognostic Markers of Acute Kidney Injury in the Early Phase of Acute Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3714. [PMID: 31366007 PMCID: PMC6696144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of acute pancreatitis (AP), which occurs in up to 70% of patients with severe AP and significantly increases the risk of mortality. At present, AKI is diagnosed based on dynamic increase in serum creatinine and decreased urine output; however, there is a need for earlier and more accurate biomarkers. The aim of the study was to review current evidence on the laboratory tests that were studied as the potential biomarkers of AKI in AP. We also briefly summarized the knowledge coming from the studies including sepsis or ICU patients since severe acute pancreatitis is associated with systemic inflammation and organ failure. Serum cystatin C and serum or urine NGAL have been shown to predict or diagnose AKI in AP; however, this evidence come from the single center studies of low number of patients. Other markers, such as urinary kidney injury molecule-1, cell cycle arrest biomarkers (tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 and urine insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7), interleukin-18, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, or calprotectin have been studied in other populations suffering from systemic inflammatory states. In AP, the potential markers of AKI may be significantly influenced by either dehydration or inflammation, and the impact of these factors may be difficult to distinguish from kidney injury. The subject of AKI complicating AP is understudied. More studies are needed, for both exploratory (to choose the best markers) and clinical (to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the chosen markers in real clinical settings).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Wajda
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Dumnicka
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Maraj
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marek Kuźniewski
- Chair and Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
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Ling L, Li Y, Li H, Li W, Zhang HB. MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene polymorphisms act as biological indicators for ulinastatin efficacy in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15831. [PMID: 31192912 PMCID: PMC6587626 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a severe form of inflammatory disease with a high mortality rate. Ulinastatin, as a urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), is a glycoprotein playing a critical role in SAP. Consequently, we identified the hypothesis that both matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene polymorphisms might promote the efficacy of ulinastatin in SAP. METHODS A total of 235 patients with SAP were treated by intravenous drip of ulinastatin for the duration of 10 days. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed for testing the distribution of genotypes and alleles frequency of MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene polymorphisms, and analyzing association of MMP-2 rs243865, MMP-2 rs2285053, MMP-9 rs3918242, or MMP-9 rs17576 with efficacy of ulinastatin in patients with SAP. Shesis software was adopted for analyzing single genotypes of MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene polymorphisms site A Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR) model and a logistic regression analysis were used for analyzing effect of MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene polymorphisms on the efficacy of ulinastatin in treating patients with SAP. RESULTS CC genotype of MMP-2 gene rs243865 C>T was observed to have a better positive effect in promoting the efficacy of ulinastatin in comparison with CT and TT genotypes. Haplotype CCTG, CCTA, CTTG, and CTTA were combined by MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene polymorphisms which have the ability to increase the efficacy of ulinastatin in treating patients with SAP. MMP-2 gene rs243865 C>T site polymorphism was served as a favorable factor while the MMP-9 gene rs3918242 C>T site polymorphism was noticed as an unfavorable factor for the efficacy of ulinastatin in treating patients with SAP. CONCLUSION The key findings clearly demonstrated that both the MMP-2 rs243865 and MMP-9 rs3918242 gene polymorphisms served as biological indicators for the efficacy of ulinastatin in treating patients with SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ling
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Yan Li
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wen Li
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Hong-Bo Zhang
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
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Wang L, Yang G, Yuan L, Yang Y, Zhao H, Ho CT, Li S. Green Tea Catechins Effectively Altered Hepatic Fibrogenesis in Rats by Inhibiting ERK and Smad1/2 Phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5437-5445. [PMID: 30424599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols derived from green tea have been reported to have a wide range of profound functions. Tea catechins, including epicatechin, epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-3- O-gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin-3- O-gallate (EGCG), are considered as the major bioactive polyphenols in tea. The present study was designed to elucidate the potential antifibrogenic role of three abundant tea catechins (ECG, EGC, and EGCG) in a CCl4-induced fibrotic rat and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Tea catechins, especially groups of ECG, EGC, and EGCG, effectively induced several beneficial alterations of liver injury markers, oxidative status, and liver histology. Furthermore, catechins ameliorated liver fibrosis, as evidenced by the reduced expression of desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and downstream ERK1/2 and Smad1/2 phosphorylation. The most significant inhibitory effect on those proteins was observed in ECG (300 mg/kg) and EGCG (300 mg/kg) groups. In addition, catechins conferred their protective role by downregulating the proinflammation cytokines TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 17. It is postulated that tea catechins, particularly ECG and EGCG, are potential therapeutic candidates in antifibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science , Tianjin University of Commerce , Tianjin 300134 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guliang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science , Tianjin University of Commerce , Tianjin 300134 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
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Identification of fibrinogen as a natural inhibitor of MMP-2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4340. [PMID: 30867536 PMCID: PMC6416301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-genetic MMP-2 insufficiency is a relatively unexplored condition which could be induced by pathological overexpression of endogenous MMP-2 inhibitors such as TIMPs and/or the acute phase reactant alpha-2-macroglobulin. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that human fibrinogen (FBG) – an acute phase reactant – inhibits human MMP-2. Following an unexpected observation where sera from human donors including arthritis patients with increased levels of serum FBG exhibited reduced binding of serum proMMP-2 to gelatin, we found that human FBG (0 to 3.6 mg/mL i.e., 0 to 10.6 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited human proMMP-2 and MMP2 from binding to gelatin. Moreover, at normal physiological concentrations, FBG (5.29–11.8 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited (40–70% inhibition) the cleavage of fluorescein-conjugated gelatin by MMP-2, but not MMP-9. Indicative of a mixed-type (combination of competitive and non-competitive) inhibition mechanism, FBG reduced the Vmax (24.9 ± 0.7 min−1 to 17.7 ± 0.9 min−1, P < 0.05) and increased the Michaelis-Menten constant KM (204 ± 6 nM to 478 ± 50 nM, P < 0.05) for the reaction of MMP-2 cleavage of fluorescein-conjugated gelatin. In silico analyses and studies of FBG neutralization with anti-FBG antibodies implicated the domains D and E of FBG in the inhibition of MMP-2. In conclusion, FBG is a natural selective MMP-2 inhibitor, whose pathological elevation could lead to MMP-2 insufficiency in humans.
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Berg G, Barchuk M, Miksztowicz V. Behavior of Metalloproteinases in Adipose Tissue, Liver and Arterial Wall: An Update of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020158. [PMID: 30769840 PMCID: PMC6406870 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is required for many physiological and pathological processes. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases which are able to degrade different components of the ECM and nucleus matrix and to cleave numerous non-ECM proteins. Among pathological processes, MMPs are involved in adipose tissue expansion, liver fibrosis, and atherosclerotic plaque development and vulnerability. The expression and the activity of these enzymes are regulated by different hormones and growth factors, such as insulin, leptin, and adiponectin. The controversial results reported up to this moment regarding MMPs behavior in ECM biology could be consequence of the different expression patterns among species and the stage of the studied pathology. The aim of the present review was to update the knowledge of the role of MMPs and its inhibitors in ECM remodeling in high incidence pathologies such as obesity, liver fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Berg
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina.
| | - Magalí Barchuk
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina.
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Flood HM, Bolte C, Dasgupta N, Sharma A, Zhang Y, Gandhi CR, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. The Forkhead box F1 transcription factor inhibits collagen deposition and accumulation of myofibroblasts during liver fibrosis. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio039800. [PMID: 30670377 PMCID: PMC6398469 DOI: 10.1242/bio.039800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the common end stage to a variety of chronic liver injuries and is characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), which disrupts the liver architecture and impairs liver function. The fibrous lesions are produced by myofibroblasts, which differentiate from hepatic stellate cells (HSC). The myofibroblast's transcriptional networks remain poorly characterized. Previous studies have shown that the Forkhead box F1 (FOXF1) transcription factor is expressed in HSCs and stimulates their activation during acute liver injury; however, the role of FOXF1 in the progression of hepatic fibrosis is unknown. In the present study, we generated αSMACreER;Foxf1fl/fl mice to conditionally inactivate Foxf1 in myofibroblasts during carbon tetrachloride-mediated liver fibrosis. Foxf1 deletion increased collagen depositions and disrupted liver architecture. Timp2 expression was significantly increased in Foxf1-deficient mice while MMP9 activity was reduced. RNA sequencing of purified liver myofibroblasts demonstrated that FOXF1 inhibits expression of pro-fibrotic genes, Col1α2, Col5α2, and Mmp2 in fibrotic livers and binds to active repressors located in promotors and introns of these genes. Overexpression of FOXF1 inhibits Col1a2, Col5a2, and MMP2 in primary murine HSCs in vitro Altogether, FOXF1 prevents aberrant ECM depositions during hepatic fibrosis by repressing pro-fibrotic gene transcription in myofibroblasts and HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Flood
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Craig Bolte
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Nupur Dasgupta
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar R Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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Cook R, Sarker H, Fernandez-Patron C. Pathologies of matrix metalloproteinase-2 underactivity: a perspective on a neglected condition 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:486-492. [PMID: 30457883 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A member of the matrix metalloproteinase family, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2, gelatinase A), has been extensively studied for its role in both normal physiology and pathological processes. Whereas most research efforts in recent years have investigated the pathologies associated with MMP-2 overactivity, the pathological mechanisms elicited by MMP-2 underactivity are less well understood. Here, we distinguish between 2 states and describe their causes: (i) MMP-2 deficiency (complete loss of MMP-2 activity) and (ii) MMP-2 insufficiency (defined as MMP-2 activity below baseline levels). Further, we review the biology of MMP-2, summarizing the current literature on MMP-2 underactivity in both mice and humans, and describe research being conducted by our lab towards improving our understanding of the pathological mechanisms elicited by MMP-2 deficiency/insufficiency. We think that this research could stimulate the discovery of new therapeutic approaches for managing pathologies associated with MMP-2 underactivity. Moreover, similar concepts could apply to other members of the matrix metalloproteinase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cook
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 3-19 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Hassan Sarker
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 3-19 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Patron
- b Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 3-19 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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Hardy E, Hardy-Sosa A, Fernandez-Patron C. MMP-2: is too low as bad as too high in the cardiovascular system? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1332-H1340. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00198.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 cleaves a broad spectrum of substrates, including extracellular matrix components (responsible for normal tissue remodeling) and cytokines (modulators of the inflammatory response to physiological insults such as tissue damage). MMP-2 expression is elevated in many cardiovascular pathologies (e.g., myocardial infarction, hypertensive heart disease) where tissue remodeling and inflammatory responses are perturbed. Thus, it has generally been assumed that blockade of MMP-2 activity will yield therapeutic effects. Here, we provide a counterargument to this dogma based on 1) preclinical studies on Mmp2-null ( Mmp2−/−) mice and 2) clinical studies on patients with inactivating MMP2 gene mutations. Furthermore, we put forward the hypothesis that, when MMP-2 activity falls below baseline, the bioavailability of proinflammatory cytokines normally cleaved and inactivated by MMP-2 increases, leading to the production of cytokines and cardiac secretion of phospholipase A2activity into the circulation, which stimulate systemic inflammation that perturbs lipid metabolism in target organs. Finally, we suggest that insufficient understanding of the consequences of MMP-2 deficiency remains a major factor in the failure of MMP-2 inhibitor-based therapeutic approaches. This paucity of knowledge precludes our ability to effectively intervene in cardiovascular and noncardiovascular pathologies at the level of MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Hardy
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Study Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Foods, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Carlos Fernandez-Patron
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Zhang X, Jin T, Huang X, Liu X, Liu Z, Jia Y, Hao J. Effects of the tumor suppressor PTEN on biological behaviors of activated pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic fibrosis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 373:132-144. [PMID: 30321515 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), when activated, are characterized by proliferation and collagen synthesis, and contribute to extracellular matrix deposition in pancreatic fibrosis. Concomitantly, fibrosis is linked with the loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) protein in several organs. This study investigated the association between PTEN protein levels and the activated or apoptotic status of PSCs in a rat model of chronic pancreatitis. In addition, the activation status and biological behaviors of culture-activated PSCs were analyzed after lentiviral transfection with wildtype or mutant (G129E) PTEN for upregulation, or PTEN short hairpin RNA for downregulation, of PTEN. In vivo, PTEN levels gradually decreased during pancreatic fibrosis, which positively correlated with apoptosis of activated PSCs, but negatively with PSC activation. In vitro, activated PSCs with wildtype PTEN showed less proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis compared with control PSCs, and greater numbers were apoptotic; activated PSCs with mutant PTEN showed similar, but weaker, effects. Furthermore, AKT and FAK/ERK signaling was involved in this process. In summary, activated PSCs during pancreatic fibrosis in vivo have lower levels of PTEN. In vitro, PTEN appears to prevent PSCs from further activation and promotes apoptosis through regulation of the AKT and FAK/ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Tong Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
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Rodrigues GB, Oliveira EE, Junior FJBM, Santos LAMD, Oliveira WHD, França MERD, Lós DB, Gabínio BM, Peixoto CA. A new diethylcarbamazine formulation (NANO-DEC) as a therapeutic tool for hepatic fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:280-288. [PMID: 30219503 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess if the uninterrupted and prolonged administration of nanoparticles containing diethylcarbamazine (NANO-DEC) would cause liver, kidney and heart toxicity and then analyze for the first time its action in model of liver fibrosis. Thus, NANO-DEC was administered in C57BL/6 mice daily for 48 days, and at the end the blood was collected for biochemical analyzes. In the long-term administration assay, the evaluation of serological parameters (CK-MB, creatinine, ALT, AST and urea) allowed the conclusion that NANO-DEC prolonged administration did not cause hepatic, renal and cardiac damage. For fibrosis assays, C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups: 1) control (Cont); 2) carbon tetrachloride (CCl4); 3) CCl4 + DEC 25 mg/kg; 4) CCl4 + DEC 50 mg/kg; 5) CCl4 + NANO-DEC 5 mg/kg and 6) CCl4 + NANO-DEC 12.5 mg/kg. Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic fibrosis observed through increased inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, NO and iNOS) and fibrotic markers (TGF-β and TIMP-1), changes in the hepatic morphology, high presence of collagen fibers and elevated serum levels of AST, ALT and ALP. Treatment with NANO-DEC exhibited a superior anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects compared to the DEC traditional formulation, restoring liver morphology, reducing the content of collagen fibers and serological parameters, besides decreasing the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers. The present formulation of nanoencapsulated DEC is a well tolerated anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drug and therefore could be a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of chronic liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Barros Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Elquio Eleamen Oliveira
- Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas (LSVM), Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wilma Helena de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Rocha de França
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia/RENORBIO, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Brennda Martins Gabínio
- Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas (LSVM), Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Balta C, Ciceu A, Herman H, Rosu M, Boldura OM, Hermenean A. Dose-Dependent Antifibrotic Effect of Chrysin on Regression of Liver Fibrosis: The Role in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818789835. [PMID: 30108459 PMCID: PMC6083810 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818789835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis represents an overaccumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). This study was designed to investigate the effect of chrysin on established ECM overproduction in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) mouse liver fibrosis. Experimental fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL/kg CCl4 twice a week, for 7 weeks. Mice were orally treated with 3 doses of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone). For the assessment of the spontaneous reversion of fibrosis, CCl4-treated mice were investigated after 2 weeks of recovery time. Silymarin was used as a standard of liver protection. In fibrotic livers, the results showed the upregulation of collagen I (Col I) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and modulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which led to an altered ECM enriched in Col, confirmed as well by electron microscopy investigations. Treatment with chrysin significantly reduced ultrastructural changes, downregulated Col I, and restored TIMP-1/MMP balance, whereas in the group observed for the spontaneous regression of fibrosis, they remained in the same pattern with fibrotic livers. In this study, we have shown chrysin efficacy to attenuate dose-dependent CCl4-stimulated liver ECM accumulation by regulation of MMP/TIMP imbalance and inhibition of Col production. We have shown the dose-dependent chrysin efficiency in attenuation of CCl4-induced liver ECM accumulation by regulation of MMP/TIMP imbalance and inhibition of Col production. Our findings suggest that chrysin oral administration may introduce a new strategy for treating liver fibrosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornel Balta
- Institute of Life Sciences, "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Alina Ciceu
- Institute of Life Sciences, "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Hildegard Herman
- Institute of Life Sciences, "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Marcel Rosu
- Institute of Life Sciences, "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Oana Maria Boldura
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Mihai I of Romania," Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Institute of Life Sciences, "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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44
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Munsterman ID, Kendall TJ, Khelil N, Popa M, Lomme R, Drenth JPH, Tjwa ETTL. Extracellular matrix components indicate remodelling activity in different fibrosis stages of human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Histopathology 2018; 73:612-621. [PMID: 29856896 DOI: 10.1111/his.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The composition of several important extracellular matrix components (ECM) has not yet been elucidated in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aim to investigate the proportion of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in human NAFLD liver tissue with respect to severity of inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Histopathological features were quantified by NAFLD activity score and grading assignment. The collagen proportionate area (CPA) was measured. Slides were stained with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as a marker of activated HSCs, and α-SMA was quantified digitally. Zymography was performed to measure the proteolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 protein concentration was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). α-SMA was higher in severe fibrosis (6.3%, interquartile range 2.9-13.1) than mild and no fibrosis (median 1.1 and 0.9%, P < 0.001) and correlated strongly with CPA (Rs = 0.870, P < 0.001). ProMMP-2 activity in severe (4.1%, IQR 2.6-16.2) and mild fibrosis (2.7%, IQR 1.9-3.9) was higher than in no fibrosis (1.5%, (IQR 0.95-2.1); P = 0.001 and P = 0.046) and showed a moderate positive correlation with CPA (Rs = 0.495, P = 0.001). TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly higher in severe fibrosis than mild or no fibrosis. Both showed moderate correlation with CPA (TIMP-1: Rs = 0.471, P = 0.002 and TIMP-2: Rs = 0.325, P = 0.036). MMP-9 correlated as the only ECM component to inflammation severity. CONCLUSIONS Advanced human NAFLD-fibrosis has a distinct ECM composition with increased HSCs and increased TIMP inhibition, but there is also ongoing remodelling activity of MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle D Munsterman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nawel Khelil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Madalina Popa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roger Lomme
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric T T L Tjwa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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45
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Afifi NA, Ibrahim MA, Galal MK. Hepatoprotective influence of quercetin and ellagic acid on thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:624-629. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite all the studies performed to date, therapy choices for liver injuries are very few. Therefore, the search for a new treatment that could safely and effectively block or reverse liver injuries remains a challenge. Quercetin (QR) and ellagic acid (EA) had potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The current study aimed at evaluating the potential hepatoprotective influence of QR and EA against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver toxicity in rats and the underlying mechanism using silymarin as a reference drug. Fifty mature male rats were orally treated daily with EA and QR in separate groups for 45 consecutive days, and then were injected with TAA twice with 24 h intervals in the last 2 days of the experiment. Administration of TAA resulted in marked elevation of liver indices, alteration in oxidative stress parameters, and significant elevation in expression level of fibrosis-related genes (MMP9 and MMP2). Administration of QR and EA significantly attenuated the hepatic toxicity through reduction of liver biomarkers, improving the redox status of the tissue, as well as hampering the expression level of fibrosis-related genes. In this study, QR and EA were proved to attenuate the hepatotoxicity through their antioxidant, metal-chelating capacity, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal A. Afifi
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, 12211
| | - Marwa A. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona K. Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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46
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Coppola N, Perna A, Lucariello A, Martini S, Macera M, Carleo MA, Guerra G, Esposito V, De Luca A. Effects of treatment with Maraviroc a CCR5 inhibitor on a human hepatic stellate cell line. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6224-6231. [PMID: 29336497 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
After an acute liver damage, tissue regeneration repairs lesions with degradation of deposed fibrotic material, while mechanisms of tissue restoration are persistently activated following several repeated injuries, inducing deposition of extracellular matrix. (ECM). Factors responsible for ECM remodeling have been identified in a pathway involving a family of zinc-dependent enzyme matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), together with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Recent experimental models suggested a role of CCR5 receptor in the genesis of liver fibrosis. Drawing from these background we decided to evaluate the effects of the treatment with the CCR5 inhibitor Maraviroc on LX-2, a human hepatic stellate cell line (HSC). Treatment with Maraviroc resulted in a block in S phase of LX-2 cells with increased expression levels of cyclin D1 and p21 while the expression of p53 was reduced. Treatment with Maraviroc was also able to block the accumulation of fibrillar collagens and extracellular matrix proteins (ECM), as demonstrated by the decrease of specific markers as Collagen type I, α-SMA, and TGF-β1. In addition we observed a down regulation of both metalloproteins (MMP-2, MMP-9), used for the degradation of the extracellular matrix and their inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-2). The identification of a compound that may modulate the dynamic of liver fibrosis could be crucial in all chronic liver diseases. Maraviroc could play an important role because, in addition to its own anti-HIV activity, it could reduce the release of pro-inflammatory citokynes implicated in liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Perna
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lucariello
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Martini
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Macera
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria A Carleo
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infectiuos Emergencies, Immunodepression and Systemic Infections Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Molise, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infectious Emergencies, General Infectious Diseases Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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47
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Boggs K, Wang T, Orabi AI, Mukherjee A, Eisses JF, Sun T, Wen L, Javed TA, Esni F, Chen W, Husain SZ. Pancreatic gene expression during recovery after pancreatitis reveals unique transcriptome profiles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1406. [PMID: 29362419 PMCID: PMC5780441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that pancreatic recovery after a single episode of injury such as an isolated bout of pancreatitis occurs rapidly. It is unclear, however, what changes are inflicted in such conditions to the molecular landscape of the pancreas. In the caerulein hyperstimulation model of pancreatitis, the murine pancreas has the ability to recover within one week based on histological appearance. In this study, we sought to characterize by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) the transcriptional profile of the recovering pancreas up to two weeks post-injury. We found that one week after injury there were 319 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with baseline and that after two weeks there were 53 DEGs. Forty (12.5%) of the DEGs persisted from week one to week two, and another 13 DEGs newly emerged in the second week. Amongst the top up-regulated DEGs were several trypsinogen genes (trypsinogen 4, 5, 12, 15, and 16). To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of the transcriptome during pancreatic recovery by deep sequencing, and it reveals on a molecular basis that there is an ongoing recovery of the pancreas even after apparent histological resolution. The findings also raise the possibility of an emerging novel transcriptome upon pancreatic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Boggs
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Abrahim I Orabi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - John F Eisses
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Tanveer A Javed
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Farzad Esni
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Sohail Z Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
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48
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Sasaki R, Devhare P, Ray RB, Ray R. Hepatitis C virus-induced tumor-initiating cancer stem-like cells activate stromal fibroblasts in a xenograft tumor model. Hepatology 2017; 66:1766-1778. [PMID: 28664988 PMCID: PMC5696059 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) often causes persistent infection and is an increasingly important factor in the etiology of fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, although the mechanisms for the disease processes remain unclear. We have shown previously that HCV infection generates an epithelial-mesenchymal transition state and tumor-initiating cancer stem-like cells in human hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated whether HCV-induced tumor-initiating cancer stem-like cells when implanted into mice activate stromal fibroblasts. A number of fibroblast activation markers, including matrix metalloproteinase 2, were significantly increased at the mRNA or protein level in the xenograft tumors, suggesting the presence of tumor-associated fibroblasts. Fibroblast activation markers of murine origin were specifically increased in tumor, suggesting that fibroblasts migrate to form stroma. Next, we demonstrated that conditioned medium from HCV-infected human hepatocytes activates fibrosis-related markers in hepatic stellate cells. We further observed that these HCV-infected hepatocytes express transforming growth factor beta, which activates stromal fibroblast markers. Subsequent analysis suggested that anti-transforming growth factor beta neutralizing antibody, when incubated with conditioned medium from HCV-infected hepatocytes, inhibits fibrosis marker activation in primary human hepatic stellate cells. CONCLUSION HCV-infected hepatocytes induce local fibroblast activation by secretion of transforming growth factor beta, and a preneoplastic or tumor state of the hepatocytes influences the network for the tumor-associated fibroblast environment. (Hepatology 2017;66:1766-1778).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Pradip Devhare
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Ratna B. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Ranjit Ray
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
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Andrés-Benito P, Moreno J, Domínguez R, Aso E, Povedano M, Ferrer I. Inflammatory Gene Expression in Whole Peripheral Blood at Early Stages of Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2017; 8:546. [PMID: 29081763 PMCID: PMC5645505 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterization of altered expression of selected transcripts linked to inflammation in the peripheral blood of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) patients at early stage of disease to increase knowledge about peripheral inflammatory response in sALS. METHODS RNA expression levels of 45 genes were assessed by RT-qPCR in 22 sALS cases in parallel with 13 age-matched controls. Clinical and serum parameters were assessed at the same time. RESULTS Upregulation of genes coding for factors involved in leukocyte extravasation (ITGB2, INPP5D, SELL, and ICAM1) and extracellular matrix remodeling (MMP9 and TIMP2), as well as downregulation of certain chemokines (CCL5 and CXC5R), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10, TGFB2, and IL10RA), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6), and T-cell regulators (CD2 and TRBC1) was found in sALS cases independently of gender, clinical symptoms at onset (spinal, respiratory, or bulbar), progression, peripheral leukocyte number, and integrity of RNA. MMP9 levels positively correlated with age, whereas CCR5, CCL5, and TRBC1 negatively correlated with age in sALS but not in controls. Relatively higher TNFA expression levels correlate with higher creatinine kinase protein levels in plasma. CONCLUSION Present findings show early inflammatory responses characterized by upregulation of factors enabling extravasation of leukocytes and extracellular matrix remodeling in blood in sALS cases, in addition to increased TNFA levels paralleling skeletal muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Andrés-Benito
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jesús Moreno
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ester Aso
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mónica Povedano
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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50
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Associations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene polymorphism with ulinastatin efficacy in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160612. [PMID: 28779012 PMCID: PMC5569160 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We aim to explore the associations between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) MMP-2/MMP-9 gene polymorphism with ulinastatin (UTI) efficacy in treating severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). A total of 276 SAP patients were assigned into the control (n=135) and observation (n=141) groups. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for genotype and allele frequency distribution. Relevance of MMP-2/MMP-9 genotypes with UTI efficacy was analyzed. The observation group showed lowered duration in symptoms (abdominal distension, abdominal pain, tenderness, and rebound tenderness) than the control group. Laboratory analysis (serum calcium, white blood cells, serum amylase, urine amylase, APACHE-II, and Balthazar CTIS scores) were decreased, while serum albumin levels increased after 7th day of therapy. The total effective rate of UTI for patients with MMP-2 C-1306T C/C genotype was higher than those with C/T and T/T genotypes after the 7th day of therapy, which was lower in patients with MMP-9 C-1562T C/C and C/T genotypes than those with T/T genotype. The duration for symptoms in patients with MMP-9 C-1562T T/T genotype was shorter than those with C/C and C/T genotypes, which was less in patients with MMP-2 C-1306T C/C genotype than those with C/T and T/T genotypes. The improvement values of APACHE-II and Balthazar CTIS scores for patients with MMP-2 C-1306T C/C genotype were higher than those with C/T and T/T genotypes, which for patients with MMP-9 C-1562T C/C and C/T genotypes were lower than those with T/T genotype. These results demonstrated that MMP-2/MMP-9 gene polymorphism was associated with UTI efficacy for SAP.
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