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Chiang WY, Yu HW, Wu MC, Huang YM, Chen YQ, Lin JW, Liu YW, You LR, Chiou A, Kuo JC. Matrix mechanics regulates muscle regeneration by modulating kinesin-1 activity. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122551. [PMID: 38593710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a prevalent muscle disease characterized by muscle mass and strength reduction, is associated with impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. However, the influence of the biomechanical properties of sarcopenic skeletal muscle on the efficiency of the myogenic program remains unclear. Herein, we established a mouse model of sarcopenia and observed a reduction in stiffness within the sarcopenic skeletal muscle in vivo. To investigate whether the biomechanical properties of skeletal muscle directly impact the myogenic program, we established an in vitro system to explore the intrinsic mechanism involving matrix stiffness control of myogenic differentiation. Our findings identify the microtubule motor protein, kinesin-1, as a mechano-transduction hub that senses and responds to matrix stiffness, crucial for myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration. Specifically, kinesin-1 activity is positively regulated by stiff matrices, facilitating its role in transporting mitochondria and enhancing translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the cell surface for glucose uptake. Conversely, the softer matrices significantly suppress kinesin-1 activity, leading to the accumulation of mitochondria around nuclei and hindering glucose uptake by inhibiting GLUT4 membrane translocation, consequently impairing myogenic differentiation. The insights gained from the in-vitro system highlight the mechano-transduction significance of kinesin-1 motor proteins in myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, our study confirms that enhancing kinesin-1 activity in the sarcopenic mouse model restores satellite cell expansion, myogenic differentiation, and muscle regeneration. Taken together, our findings provide a potential target for improving muscle regeneration in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Chiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Helen Wenshin Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Man Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Quan Chen
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wenn Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ru You
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan; Cancer and Immunology Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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2
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Chen X, Li Y, Xu J, Cui Y, Wu Q, Yin H, Li Y, Gao C, Jiang L, Wang H, Wen Z, Yao Z, Wu Z. Styxl2 regulates de novo sarcomere assembly by binding to non-muscle myosin IIs and promoting their degradation. eLife 2024; 12:RP87434. [PMID: 38829202 PMCID: PMC11147509 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Styxl2, a poorly characterized pseudophosphatase, was identified as a transcriptional target of the Jak1-Stat1 pathway during myoblast differentiation in culture. Styxl2 is specifically expressed in vertebrate striated muscles. By gene knockdown in zebrafish or genetic knockout in mice, we found that Styxl2 plays an essential role in maintaining sarcomere integrity in developing muscles. To further reveal the functions of Styxl2 in adult muscles, we generated two inducible knockout mouse models: one with Styxl2 being deleted in mature myofibers to assess its role in sarcomere maintenance, and the other in adult muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) to assess its role in de novo sarcomere assembly. We find that Styxl2 is not required for sarcomere maintenance but functions in de novo sarcomere assembly during injury-induced muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, Styxl2 interacts with non-muscle myosin IIs, enhances their ubiquitination, and targets them for autophagy-dependent degradation. Without Styxl2, the degradation of non-muscle myosin IIs is delayed, which leads to defective sarcomere assembly and force generation. Thus, Styxl2 promotes de novo sarcomere assembly by interacting with non-muscle myosin IIs and facilitating their autophagic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Chen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Jin Xu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Haidi Yin
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Chuan Gao
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Huating Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Zilong Wen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Zhongping Yao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyHong KongChina
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Shi N, Wang J, Tang S, Zhang H, Wei Z, Li A, Ma Y, Xu F. Matrix Nonlinear Viscoelasticity Regulates Skeletal Myogenesis through MRTF Nuclear Localization and Nuclear Mechanotransduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305218. [PMID: 37847903 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically sensitive tissues (e.g., skeletal muscles) greatly need mechanical stimuli during the development and maturation. The extracellular matrix (ECM) mediates these signals through nonlinear viscoelasticity of collagen networks that are predominant components of the ECM. However, the interactions between cells and ECM form a feedback loop, and it has not yet been possible to determine the degree to which, if any, of the features of matrix nonlinear viscoelasticity affect skeletal muscle development and regeneration. In this study, a nonlinear viscoelastic feature (i.e., strain-enhanced stress relaxation (SESR)) in normal skeletal muscles is observed, which however is almost absent in diseased muscles from Duchenne muscular dystrophy mice. It is recapitulated such SESR feature in vitro and separated the effects of mechanical strain and ECM viscoelasticity on myoblast response by developing a collagen-based hydrogel platform. Both strain and stress relaxation induce myogenic differentiation and myotube formation by C2C12 myoblasts, and myogenesis is more promoted by applying SESR. This promotion can be explained by the effects of SESR on actin polymerization-mediated myocardin related transcription factor (MRTF) nuclear localization and nuclear mechanotransduction. This study represents the first attempt to investigate the SESR phenomenon in skeletal muscles and reveal underlying mechanobiology, which will provide new opportunities for the tissue injury treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianyuan Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shaoxin Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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Whitlock JM. Muscle Progenitor Cell Fusion in the Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:257-279. [PMID: 37996682 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a resident, multipotent stem cell population that is essential for its repair and maintenance throughout life. Here I highlight the role of this stem cell population in muscle repair and regeneration and review the genetic control of the process; the mechanistic steps of activation, migration, recognition, adhesion, and fusion of these cells; and discuss the novel recognition of the membrane signaling that coordinates myogenic cell-cell fusion, as well as the identification of a two-part fusogen system that facilitates it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred M Whitlock
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shrive National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Thürkauf M, Lin S, Oliveri F, Grimm D, Platt RJ, Rüegg MA. Fast, multiplexable and efficient somatic gene deletions in adult mouse skeletal muscle fibers using AAV-CRISPR/Cas9. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6116. [PMID: 37777530 PMCID: PMC10542775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular screens comparing different disease states to identify candidate genes rely on the availability of fast, reliable and multiplexable systems to interrogate genes of interest. CRISPR/Cas9-based reverse genetics is a promising method to eventually achieve this. However, such methods are sorely lacking for multi-nucleated muscle fibers, since highly efficient nuclei editing is a requisite to robustly inactive candidate genes. Here, we couple Cre-mediated skeletal muscle fiber-specific Cas9 expression with myotropic adeno-associated virus-mediated sgRNA delivery to establish a system for highly effective somatic gene deletions in mice. Using well-characterized genes, we show that local or systemic inactivation of these genes copy the phenotype of traditional gene-knockout mouse models. Thus, this proof-of-principle study establishes a method to unravel the function of individual genes or entire signaling pathways in adult skeletal muscle fibers without the cumbersome requirement of generating knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuo Lin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Dirk Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Section Viral Vector Technologies, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Randall J Platt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Bharadwaj A, Sharma J, Singh J, Kumari M, Dargar T, Kalita B, Mathew SJ. Musculoskeletal defects associated with myosin heavy chain-embryonic loss of function are mediated by the YAP signaling pathway. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17187. [PMID: 37492882 PMCID: PMC10493586 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202217187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in MYH3, the gene encoding the developmental myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-embryonic) skeletal muscle-specific contractile protein, cause several congenital contracture syndromes. Among these, recessive loss-of-function MYH3 mutations lead to spondylocarpotarsal synostosis (SCTS), characterized by vertebral fusions and scoliosis. We find that Myh3 germline knockout adult mice display SCTS phenotypes such as scoliosis and vertebral fusion, in addition to reduced body weight, muscle weight, myofiber size, and grip strength. Myh3 knockout mice also exhibit changes in muscle fiber type, altered satellite cell numbers and increased muscle fibrosis. A mass spectrometric analysis of embryonic skeletal muscle from Myh3 knockouts identified integrin signaling and cytoskeletal regulation as the most affected pathways. These pathways are closely connected to the mechanosensing Yes-associated protein (YAP) transcriptional regulator, which we found to be significantly activated in the skeletal muscle of Myh3 knockout mice. To test whether increased YAP signaling might underlie the musculoskeletal defects in Myh3 knockout mice, we treated these mice with CA3, a small molecule inhibitor of YAP signaling. This led to increased muscle fiber size, rescue of most muscle fiber type alterations, normalization of the satellite cell marker Pax7 levels, increased grip strength, reduced fibrosis, and decline in scoliosis in Myh3 knockout mice. Thus, increased YAP activation underlies the musculoskeletal defects seen in Myh3 knockout mice, indicating its significance as a key pathway to target in SCTS and other MYH3-related congenital syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Bharadwaj
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)NCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadIndia
| | - Jaydeep Sharma
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)NCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadIndia
| | - Jagriti Singh
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)NCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadIndia
| | - Mahima Kumari
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)NCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadIndia
| | - Tanushri Dargar
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)NCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadIndia
- Present address:
Faculte de MedicineInstitut NeuroMyoGeneLyonFrance
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)NCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadIndia
- Present address:
Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer CenterNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Sam J Mathew
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)NCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadIndia
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7
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Gerhart J, George-Weinstein M. Myo/Nog Cells: The Jekylls and Hydes of the Lens. Cells 2023; 12:1725. [PMID: 37443759 PMCID: PMC10340492 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we review a unique and versatile lineage composed of Myo/Nog cells that may be beneficial or detrimental depending on their environment and nature of the pathological stimuli they are exposed to. While we will focus on the lens, related Myo/Nog cell behaviors and functions in other tissues are integrated into the narrative of our research that spans over three decades, examines multiple species and progresses from early stages of embryonic development to aging adults. Myo/Nog cells were discovered in the embryonic epiblast by their co-expression of the skeletal muscle-specific transcription factor MyoD, the bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor Noggin and brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1. They were tracked from the epiblast into the developing lens, revealing heterogeneity of cell types within this structure. Depletion of Myo/Nog cells in the epiblast results in eye malformations arising from the absence of Noggin. In the adult lens, Myo/Nog cells are the source of myofibroblasts whose contractions produce wrinkles in the capsule. Eliminating this population within the rabbit lens during cataract surgery reduces posterior capsule opacification to below clinically significant levels. Parallels are drawn between the therapeutic potential of targeting Myo/Nog cells to prevent fibrotic disease in the lens and other ocular tissues.
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Duranti E, Villa C. Influence of DUX4 Expression in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy and Possible Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119503. [PMID: 37298453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) represents the third most common form of muscular dystrophy and is characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy. FSHD is caused by the altered expression of the transcription factor double homeobox 4 (DUX4), which is involved in several significantly altered pathways required for myogenesis and muscle regeneration. While DUX4 is normally silenced in the majority of somatic tissues in healthy individuals, its epigenetic de-repression has been linked to FSHD, resulting in DUX4 aberrant expression and cytotoxicity in skeletal muscle cells. Understanding how DUX4 is regulated and functions could provide useful information not only to further understand FSHD pathogenesis, but also to develop therapeutic approaches for this disorder. Therefore, this review discusses the role of DUX4 in FSHD by examining the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the disease as well as novel pharmacological strategies targeting DUX4 aberrant expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Duranti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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9
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Yeh CJ, Sattler KM, Lepper C. Molecular regulation of satellite cells via intercellular signaling. Gene 2023; 858:147172. [PMID: 36621659 PMCID: PMC9928918 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are tissue-specific reserve cells tasked to sustain tissue homeostasis in adulthood and/or effect tissue regeneration after traumatic injury. The stem cells of skeletal muscle tissue are the satellite cells, which were originally described and named after their localization beneath the muscle fiber lamina and attached to the multi-nucleated muscle fibers. During adult homeostasis, satellite cells are maintained in quiescence, a state of reversible cell cycle arrest. Yet, upon injury, satellite cells are rapidly activated, becoming highly mitotically active to generate large numbers of myoblasts that differentiate and fuse to regenerate the injured muscle fibers. A subset self-renews to replenish the pool of muscle stem cells.Complex intrinsic gene regulatory networks maintain the quiescent state of satellite cells, or upon injury, direct their activation, proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal. Molecular cues from the satellite cells' environment provide the essential information as to when and where satellite cells are to stay quiescent or break quiescence and effect regenerative myogenesis. Predominantly, these cues are secreted, diffusible or membrane-bound ligands that bind to and activate their specific cognate receptors on the satellite cell to activate downstream signaling cascades and elicit context-specific cell behavior. This review aims to offer a concise overview of major intercellular signaling pathways regulating satellite cells during quiescence and in injury-induced skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ju Yeh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kristina M Sattler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christoph Lepper
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Wattez JS, Eury E, Hazen BC, Wade A, Chau S, Ou SC, Russell AP, Cho Y, Kralli A. Loss of skeletal muscle estrogen-related receptors leads to severe exercise intolerance. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101670. [PMID: 36642217 PMCID: PMC9938320 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity is central to physical activity, exercise capacity and whole-body metabolism. The three estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are regulators of oxidative metabolism in many cell types, yet their roles in skeletal muscle remain unclear. The main aim of this study was to compare the relative contributions of ERRs to oxidative capacity in glycolytic and oxidative muscle, and to determine defects associated with loss of skeletal muscle ERR function. METHODS We assessed ERR expression, generated mice lacking one or two ERRs specifically in skeletal muscle and compared the effects of ERR loss on the transcriptomes of EDL (predominantly glycolytic) and soleus (oxidative) muscles. We also determined the consequences of the loss of ERRs for exercise capacity and energy metabolism in mice with the most severe loss of ERR activity. RESULTS ERRs were induced in human skeletal muscle in response to an exercise bout. Mice lacking both ERRα and ERRγ (ERRα/γ dmKO) had the broadest and most dramatic disruption in skeletal muscle gene expression. The most affected pathway was "mitochondrial function", in particular Oxphos and TCA cycle genes, and transcriptional defects were more pronounced in the glycolytic EDL than the oxidative soleus. Mice lacking ERRβ and ERRγ, the two isoforms expressed highly in oxidative muscles, also exhibited defects in lipid and branch chain amino acid metabolism genes, specifically in the soleus. The pronounced disruption of oxidative metabolism in ERRα/γ dmKO mice led to pale muscles, decreased oxidative capacity, histochemical patterns reminiscent of minicore myopathies, and severe exercise intolerance, with the dmKO mice unable to switch to lipid utilization upon running. ERRα/γ dmKO mice showed no defects in whole-body glucose and energy homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define gene expression programs in skeletal muscle that depend on different combinations of ERRs, and establish a central role for ERRs in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and exercise capacity. Our data reveal a high degree of functional redundancy among muscle ERR isoforms for the protection of oxidative capacity, and show that ERR isoform-specific phenotypes are driven in part, but not exclusively, by their relative levels in different muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Wattez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elodie Eury
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bethany C Hazen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexa Wade
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sarah Chau
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shu-Ching Ou
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yoshitake Cho
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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11
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Liao H, Wang F, Lu K, Ma X, Yan J, Luo L, Sun Y, Liang X. Requirement for PINCH in skeletal myoblast differentiation. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:205-215. [PMID: 36385586 PMCID: PMC9839796 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PINCH, an adaptor of focal adhesion complex, plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes and organogenesis. Here, we ablated PINCH1 or both of PINCH1 and PINCH2 in skeletal muscle progenitors using MyoD-Cre. Double ablation of PINCH1 and PINCH2 resulted in early postnatal lethality with reduced size of skeletal muscles and detachment of diaphragm muscles from the body wall. PINCH mutant myofibers failed to undergo multinucleation and exhibited disrupted sarcomere structures. The mutant myoblasts in culture were able to adhere to newly formed myotubes but impeded in cell fusion and subsequent sarcomere genesis and cytoskeleton organization. Consistent with this, expression of integrin β1 and some cytoskeleton proteins and phosphorylation of ERK and AKT were significantly reduced in PINCH mutants. However, N-cadherin was correctly expressed at cell adhesion sites in PINCH mutant cells, suggesting that PINCH may play a direct role in myoblast fusion. Expression of MRF4, the most highly expressed myogenic factor at late stages of myogenesis, was abolished in PINCH mutants that could contribute to observed phenotypes. In addition, mice with PINCH1 being ablated in myogenic progenitors exhibited only mild centronuclear myopathic changes, suggesting a compensatory role of PINCH2 in myogenic differentiation. Our results revealed a critical role of PINCH proteins in myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiaolei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lina Luo
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yunfu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Xingqun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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12
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Fertilization, but Not Post-Implantation Development, Can Occur in the Absence of Sperm and Oocyte Beta1 Integrin in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213812. [PMID: 36430291 PMCID: PMC9694253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization is a complex process that requires successive stages and culminates in the adhesion/fusion of gamete membranes. If the question of the involvement of oocyte integrins has been swept away by deletion experiments, that of the involvement of sperm integrins remains to be further characterized. In the present study, we addressed the question of the feasibility of sperm-oocyte adhesion/fusion and early implantation in the absence of sperm β1 integrin. Males and females with β1 integrin-depleted sperm and oocytes were mated, and fertilization outcome was monitored by a gestational ultrasound analysis. Results suggest that although the sperm β1 integrin participates in gamete adhesion/fusion, it is dispensable for fertilization in mice. However, sperm- and/or oocyte-originated integrin β1 is essential for post-implantation development. Redundancy phenomena could be at the origin of a compensatory expression or alternative dimerization pattern.
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13
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Antagonistic control of active surface integrins by myotubularin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2β in a myotubular myopathy model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202236119. [PMID: 36161941 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202236119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked centronuclear myopathy (XLCNM) is a severe human disease without existing therapies caused by mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase MTM1. Loss of MTM1 function is associated with muscle fiber defects characterized by impaired localization of β-integrins and other components of focal adhesions. Here we show that defective focal adhesions and reduced active β-integrin surface levels in a cellular model of XLCNM are rescued by loss of phosphatidylinositiol 3-kinase C2β (PI3KC2β) function. Inactivation of the Mtm1 gene impaired myoblast differentiation into myotubes and resulted in reduced surface levels of active β1-integrins as well as corresponding defects in focal adhesions. These phenotypes were rescued by concomitant genetic loss of Pik3c2b or pharmacological inhibition of PI3KC2β activity. We further demonstrate that a hitherto unknown role of PI3KC2β in the endocytic trafficking of active β1-integrins rather than rescue of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate levels underlies the ability of Pik3c2b to act as a genetic modifier of cellular XLCNM phenotypes. Our findings reveal a crucial antagonistic function of MTM1 and PI3KC2β in the control of active β-integrin surface levels, thereby providing a molecular mechanism for the adhesion and myofiber defects observed in XLCNM. They further suggest specific pharmacological inhibition of PI3KC2β catalysis as a viable treatment option for XLCNM patients.
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14
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Mao Q, Acharya A, Rodríguez-delaRosa A, Marchiano F, Dehapiot B, Al Tanoury Z, Rao J, Díaz-Cuadros M, Mansur A, Wagner E, Chardes C, Gupta V, Lenne PF, Habermann BH, Theodoly O, Pourquié O, Schnorrer F. Tension-driven multi-scale self-organisation in human iPSC-derived muscle fibers. eLife 2022; 11:76649. [PMID: 35920628 PMCID: PMC9377800 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human muscle is a hierarchically organised tissue with its contractile cells called myofibers packed into large myofiber bundles. Each myofiber contains periodic myofibrils built by hundreds of contractile sarcomeres that generate large mechanical forces. To better understand the mechanisms that coordinate human muscle morphogenesis from tissue to molecular scales, we adopted a simple in vitro system using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human myogenic precursors. When grown on an unrestricted two-dimensional substrate, developing myofibers spontaneously align and self-organise into higher-order myofiber bundles, which grow and consolidate to stable sizes. Following a transcriptional boost of sarcomeric components, myofibrils assemble into chains of periodic sarcomeres that emerge across the entire myofiber. More efficient myofiber bundling accelerates the speed of sarcomerogenesis suggesting that tension generated by bundling promotes sarcomerogenesis. We tested this hypothesis by directly probing tension and found that tension build-up precedes sarcomere assembly and increases within each assembling myofibril. Furthermore, we found that myofiber ends stably attach to other myofibers using integrin-based attachments and thus myofiber bundling coincides with stable myofiber bundle attachment in vitro. A failure in stable myofiber attachment results in a collapse of the myofibrils. Overall, our results strongly suggest that mechanical tension across sarcomeric components as well as between differentiating myofibers is key to coordinate the multi-scale self-organisation of muscle morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Mao
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | - Achyuth Acharya
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Fabio Marchiano
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Dehapiot
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Al Tanoury
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Jyoti Rao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | | | - Arian Mansur
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Erica Wagner
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Claire Chardes
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | - Vandana Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Pierre-François Lenne
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | - Bianca H Habermann
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Theodoly
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
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15
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Szondy Z, Al-Zaeed N, Tarban N, Fige É, Garabuczi É, Sarang Z. Involvement of phosphatidylserine receptors in the skeletal muscle regeneration: therapeutic implications. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1961-1973. [PMID: 35666022 PMCID: PMC9397555 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes such as disability, poor quality of life, and death. Increasing evidence indicates that diminished ability of the muscle to activate satellite cell-dependent regeneration is one of the factors that might contribute to its development. Skeletal muscle regeneration following myogenic cell death results from the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic stem cells, called satellite cells, located beneath the basal lamina of the muscle fibres. Satellite cell differentiation is not a satellite cell-autonomous process but depends on signals provided by the surrounding cells. Infiltrating macrophages play a key role in the process partly by clearing the necrotic cell debris, partly by producing cytokines and growth factors that guide myogenesis. At the beginning of the muscle regeneration process, macrophages are pro-inflammatory, and the cytokines produced by them trigger the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells. Following the uptake of dead cells, however, a transcriptionally regulated phenotypic change (macrophage polarization) is induced in them resulting in their transformation into healing macrophages that guide resolution of inflammation, completion of myoblast differentiation, myoblast fusion and growth, and return to homeostasis. Impaired efferocytosis results in delayed cell death clearance, delayed macrophage polarization, prolonged inflammation, and impaired muscle regeneration. Thus, proper efferocytosis by macrophages is a determining factor during muscle repair. Here we review that both efferocytosis and myogenesis are dependent on the cell surface phosphatidylserine (PS), and surprisingly, these two processes share a number of common PS receptors and signalling pathways. Based on these findings, we propose that stimulating the function of PS receptors for facilitating muscle repair following injury could be a successful approach, as it would enhance efferocytosis and myogenesis simultaneously. Because increasing evidence indicates a pathophysiological role of impaired efferocytosis in the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, as well as in impaired muscle regeneration both contributing to the development of sarcopenia, improving efferocytosis should be considered also in its management. Again applying or combining those treatments that target PS receptors would be expected to be the most effective, because they would also promote myogenesis. A potential PS receptor-triggering candidate molecule is milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8 (MFG-E8), which not only stimulates PS-dependent efferocytosis and myoblast fusion but also promotes extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt activation-mediated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Szondy
- Section of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nour Al-Zaeed
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nastaran Tarban
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Fige
- Section of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Garabuczi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Sarang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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16
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Gerassimov N, Crain C, Bilyeu C, Jacob A, Fan CM. Examining the lineage autonomous role of β3-integrin in muscle regeneration. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22385. [PMID: 35734962 PMCID: PMC9236161 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles can regenerate over the lifetime from resident muscle stem cells (MuSCs). Interactions between MuSCs and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are essential for muscle regeneration. The best‐known receptors for ECM proteins are integrins, a family composed of twenty‐some heterodimeric combinations of an α‐ and a β‐subunit. β1‐integrin (encoded by Itgb1) is required for quiescence, proliferation, migration, and fusion of Pax7+ MuSCs in the mouse model. β3‐integrin (encoded by Itgb3) has been reported to be critical for the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, and Itgb3 germline mutant mice were shown to regenerate few if any myofibers after injury. To investigate the autonomous role of Itgb3 in the myogenic lineage in vivo, we conditionally inactivated a floxed Itgb3 allele (Itgb3F) by constitutive Pax7‐Cre and tamoxifen‐inducible Pax7‐CreERT2 drivers. Unexpectedly, we found no defects in muscle regeneration in both conditional knockout models. In vitro studies using Itgb3 mutant myoblasts or RNAi knockdown of Itgb3 in myoblasts also did not reveal a role for myogenic differentiation. As β1‐ and β3‐integrins share ECM ligands and downstream signaling effectors, we further examined Itgb3's role in a Itgb1 haploid background. Still, we found no evidence for an autonomous role of Itgb3 in muscle regeneration in vivo. Thus, while Itgb3 is critical for the differentiation of C2C12 cells, the regenerative defects reported for the Itgb3 germline mutant are not due to its role in the MuSC. We conclude that if β3‐integrin does have a role in Pax7+ MuSCs, it is compensated by β1‐ and/or another β‐integrin(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gerassimov
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colt Crain
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin Bilyeu
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Yamaguchi N, Knaut H. Focal adhesion-mediated cell anchoring and migration: from in vitro to in vivo. Development 2022; 149:275460. [PMID: 35587444 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix interactions have been studied extensively using cells cultured in vitro. These studies indicate that focal adhesion (FA)-based cell-extracellular matrix interactions are essential for cell anchoring and cell migration. Whether FAs play a similarly important role in vivo is less clear. Here, we summarize the formation and function of FAs in cultured cells and review how FAs transmit and sense force in vitro. Using examples from animal studies, we also describe the role of FAs in cell anchoring during morphogenetic movements and cell migration in vivo. Finally, we conclude by discussing similarities and differences in how FAs function in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yamaguchi
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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18
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Regulation of the myoblast fusion reaction for muscle development, regeneration, and adaptations. Exp Cell Res 2022; 415:113134. [PMID: 35367215 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fusion of plasma membranes is essential for skeletal muscle development, regeneration, exercise-induced adaptations, and results in a cell that contains hundreds to thousands of nuclei within a shared cytoplasm. The differentiation process in myocytes culminates in their fusion to form a new myofiber or fusion to an existing myofiber thereby contributing more synthetic material to the syncytium. The choice for two cells to fuse and become one could be a dangerous event if the two cells are not committed to an allied function. Thus, fusion events are highly regulated with positive and negative factors to fine-tune the process, and requires muscle-specific fusogens (Myomaker and Myomerger) as well as general cellular machinery to achieve the union of membranes. While a unified vertebrate myoblast fusion pathway is not yet established, recent discoveries should make this pursuit attainable. Not only does myocyte fusion impact the normal biology of skeletal muscle, but new evidence indicates dysregulation of the process impacts pathologies of skeletal muscle. Here, I will highlight the molecular players and biochemical mechanisms that drive fusion events in muscle, and discuss how this key myogenic process impacts skeletal muscle diseases.
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19
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Szabo K, Varga D, Vegh AG, Liu N, Xiao X, Xu L, Dux L, Erdelyi M, Rovo L, Keller-Pinter A. Syndecan-4 affects myogenesis via Rac1-mediated actin remodeling and exhibits copy-number amplification and increased expression in human rhabdomyosarcoma tumors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:122. [PMID: 35128576 PMCID: PMC8818642 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle demonstrates a high degree of regenerative capacity repeating the embryonic myogenic program under strict control. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common sarcoma in childhood and is characterized by impaired muscle differentiation. In this study, we observed that silencing the expression of syndecan-4, the ubiquitously expressed transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, significantly enhanced myoblast differentiation, and fusion. During muscle differentiation, the gradually decreasing expression of syndecan-4 allows the activation of Rac1, thereby mediating myoblast fusion. Single-molecule localized superresolution direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) imaging revealed nanoscale changes in actin cytoskeletal architecture, and atomic force microscopy showed reduced elasticity of syndecan-4-knockdown cells during fusion. Syndecan-4 copy-number amplification was observed in 28% of human fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma tumors and was accompanied by increased syndecan-4 expression based on RNA sequencing data. Our study suggests that syndecan-4 can serve as a tumor driver gene in promoting rabdomyosarcoma tumor development. Our results contribute to the understanding of the role of syndecan-4 in skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and tumorigenesis.
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20
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Wang B, Yang M, Li S. Numb and Numblike regulate sarcomere assembly and maintenance. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:139420. [PMID: 35104799 PMCID: PMC8803338 DOI: 10.1172/jci139420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sarcomere is the contractile unit of the myofibril in striated muscles such as cardiac and skeletal muscles. The assembly of sarcomeres depends on multiple molecules that serve as raw materials and participate in the assembly process. However, the mechanism of this critical assembly process remains largely unknown. Here, we found that the cell fate determinant Numb and its homolog Numblike regulated sarcomere assembly and maintenance in striated muscles. We discovered that Numb and Numblike are sarcomeric molecules that were gradually confined to the Z-disc during striated muscle development. Conditional knockout of Numb and Numblike severely compromised sarcomere assembly and its integrity and thus caused organelle dysfunction. Notably, we identified that Numb and Numblike served as sarcomeric α-Actin–binding proteins (ABPs) and shared a conserved domain that can bind to the barbed end of sarcomeric α-Actin. In vitro fluorometric α-Actin polymerization assay showed that Numb and Numblike also played a role in the sarcomeric α-Actin polymerization process. Last, we demonstrate that Numb and Numblike regulate sarcomeric α-Actinin–dependent (ACTN-dependent) Z-disc consolidation in the sarcomere assembly and maintenance. In summary, our studies show that Numb and its homolog Numblike regulate sarcomere assembly and maintenance in striated muscles, and demonstrate a molecular mechanism by which Numb/Numblike, sarcomeric α-Actin, and ACTN cooperate to control thin filament formation and Z-disc consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Wang
- West China Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Institute, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,SARITEX Center for Stem Cell Engineering Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Embryology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shujuan Li
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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21
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Budai Z, Al-Zaeed N, Szentesi P, Halász H, Csernoch L, Szondy Z, Sarang Z. Impaired Skeletal Muscle Development and Regeneration in Transglutaminase 2 Knockout Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3089. [PMID: 34831312 PMCID: PMC8623654 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is triggered by local inflammation and is accompanied by phagocytosis of dead cells at the injury site. Efferocytosis regulates the inflammatory program in macrophages by initiating the conversion of their inflammatory phenotype into the healing one. While pro-inflammatory cytokines induce satellite cell proliferation and differentiation into myoblasts, growth factors, such as GDF3, released by healing macrophages drive myoblast fusion and myotube growth. Therefore, improper efferocytosis may lead to impaired muscle regeneration. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a versatile enzyme participating in efferocytosis. Here, we show that TG2 ablation did not alter the skeletal muscle weights or sizes but led to the generation of small size myofibers and to decreased grip force in TG2 null mice. Following cardiotoxin-induced injury, the size of regenerating fibers was smaller, and the myoblast fusion was delayed in the tibialis anterior muscle of TG2 null mice. Loss of TG2 did not affect the efferocytic capacity of muscle macrophages but delayed their conversion to Ly6C-CD206+, GDF3 expressing cells. Finally, TG2 promoted myoblast fusion in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. These results indicate that TG2 expressed by both macrophages and myoblasts contributes to proper myoblast fusion, and its ablation leads to impaired muscle development and regeneration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Budai
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.B.); (N.A.-Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Nour Al-Zaeed
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.B.); (N.A.-Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Péter Szentesi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Hajnalka Halász
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.B.); (N.A.-Z.); (H.H.)
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Zsuzsa Szondy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Sarang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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22
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Taylor L, Wankell M, Saxena P, McFarlane C, Hebbard L. Cell adhesion an important determinant of myogenesis and satellite cell activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119170. [PMID: 34763027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles represent a complex and highly organised tissue responsible for all voluntary body movements. Developed through an intricate and tightly controlled process known as myogenesis, muscles form early in development and are maintained throughout life. Due to the constant stresses that muscles are subjected to, skeletal muscles maintain a complex course of regeneration to both replace and repair damaged myofibers and to form new functional myofibers. This process, made possible by a pool of resident muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells, and controlled by an array of transcription factors, is additionally reliant on a diverse range of cell adhesion molecules and the numerous signaling cascades that they initiate. This article will review the literature surrounding adhesion molecules and their roles in skeletal muscle myogenesis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine and Health, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Miriam Wankell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine and Health, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pankaj Saxena
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Medicine, Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig McFarlane
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine and Health, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lionel Hebbard
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine and Health, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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23
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Tanaka S, Hamada Y, Yokoyama Y, Yamamoto H, Kogo M. Osteopontin-derived synthetic peptide SVVYGLR upregulates functional regeneration of oral and maxillofacial soft-tissue injury. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:174-181. [PMID: 34630775 PMCID: PMC8487951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing in the oral and maxillofacial region is a complicated and interactive process. Severe mucosal or skeletal muscle injury by trauma or surgery induces worse healing conditions, including delayed wound closure and repair with excessive scar tissue. These complications lead to persistent functional impairment, such as digestive behavior or suppression of maxillofacial growth in infancy. Osteopontin (OPN), expressed in a variety of cells, is multifunctional and comprises a number of functional domains. Seven amino acids sequence, SVVYGLR (SV peptide), exposed by thrombin cleavage of OPN, has angiogenic activity and promotes fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts and increased expression of collagen type III. Additionally, synthetic SV peptide shows faster dermal and oral mucosal wound closure by facilitating cell motility and migratory activities in dermal- or mucosal-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Moreover, cell motility and differentiation in myogenic cell populations are accelerated by SV peptide, which contributes to the facilitation of matured myofibers and scarless healing and favorable functional regeneration after skeletal muscle injury. SV peptide has high affinity with TGF-β, with potential involvement of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Clinical application of single-dose SV peptide could be a powerful alternative treatment option for excessive oral and maxillofacial wound care to prevent disadvantageous events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanaka
- The 1st Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinosuke Hamada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health Economics and Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhki Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kogo
- The 1st Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Suarez-Berumen K, Collins-Hooper H, Gromova A, Meech R, Sacco A, Dash PR, Mitchell R, Shestopalov VI, Woolley TE, Vaiyapuri S, Patel K, Makarenkova HP. Pannexin 1 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Promoting Bleb-Based Myoblast Migration and Fusion Through a Novel Lipid Based Signaling Mechanism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:736813. [PMID: 34676213 PMCID: PMC8523994 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle has robust regenerative capabilities due to the presence of a resident stem cell population called satellite cells. Muscle injury leads to these normally quiescent cells becoming molecularly and metabolically activated and embarking on a program of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and fusion culminating in the repair of damaged tissue. These processes are highly coordinated by paracrine signaling events that drive cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell-cell communication. Pannexins are a family of transmembrane channel proteins that mediate paracrine signaling by ATP release. It is known that Pannexin1 (Panx1) is expressed in skeletal muscle, however, the role of Panx1 during skeletal muscle development and regeneration remains poorly understood. Here we show that Panx1 is expressed on the surface of myoblasts and its expression is rapidly increased upon induction of differentiation and that Panx1-/- mice exhibit impaired muscle regeneration after injury. Panx1-/- myoblasts activate the myogenic differentiation program normally, but display marked deficits in migration and fusion. Mechanistically, we show that Panx1 activates P2 class purinergic receptors, which in turn mediate a lipid signaling cascade in myoblasts. This signaling induces bleb-driven amoeboid movement that in turn supports myoblast migration and fusion. Finally, we show that Panx1 is involved in the regulation of cell-matrix interaction through the induction of ADAMTS (Disintegrin-like and Metalloprotease domain with Thrombospondin-type 5) proteins that help remodel the extracellular matrix. These studies reveal a novel role for lipid-based signaling pathways activated by Panx1 in the coordination of myoblast activities essential for skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Suarez-Berumen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,West Anaheim Medical Center, Anaheim, CA, United States
| | | | - Anastasia Gromova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alessandra Sacco
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Phil R Dash
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Valery I Shestopalov
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas E Woolley
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Helen P Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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25
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Ebrahimi M, Lad H, Fusto A, Tiper Y, Datye A, Nguyen CT, Jacques E, Moyle LA, Nguyen T, Musgrave B, Chávez-Madero C, Bigot A, Chen C, Turner S, Stewart BA, Pegoraro E, Vitiello L, Gilbert PM. De novo revertant fiber formation and therapy testing in a 3D culture model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy skeletal muscle. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:227-244. [PMID: 34048976 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The biological basis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) pathology is only partially characterized and there are still few disease-modifying therapies available, therein underlying the value of strategies to model and study DMD. Dystrophin, the causative gene of DMD, is responsible for linking the cytoskeleton of muscle fibers to the extracellular matrix beyond the sarcolemma. We posited that disease-associated phenotypes not yet captured by two-dimensional culture methods would arise by generating multinucleated muscle cells within a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix environment. Herein we report methods to produce 3D human skeletal muscle microtissues (hMMTs) using clonal, immortalized myoblast lines established from healthy and DMD donors. We also established protocols to evaluate immortalized hMMT self-organization and myotube maturation, as well as calcium handling, force generation, membrane stability (i.e., creatine kinase activity and Evans blue dye permeability) and contractile apparatus organization following electrical-stimulation. In examining hMMTs generated with a cell line wherein the dystrophin gene possessed a duplication of exon 2, we observed rare dystrophin-positive myotubes, which were not seen in 2D cultures. Further, we show that treating DMD hMMTs with a β1-integrin activating antibody, improves contractile apparatus maturation and stability. Hence, immortalized myoblast-derived DMD hMMTs offer a pre-clinical system with which to investigate the potential of duplicated exon skipping strategies and those that protect muscle cells from contraction-induced injury. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disorder that is caused by mutation of the dystrophin gene. The biological basis of DMD pathology is only partially characterized and there is no cure for this fatal disease. Here we report a method to produce 3D human skeletal muscle microtissues (hMMTs) using immortalized human DMD and healthy myoblasts. Morphological and functional assessment revealed DMD-associated pathophysiology including impaired calcium handling and de novo formation of dystrophin-positive revertant muscle cells in immortalized DMD hMMTs harbouring an exon 2 duplication, a feature of many DMD patients that has not been recapitulated in culture prior to this report. We further demonstrate that this "DMD in a dish" system can be used as a pre-clinical assay to test a putative DMD therapeutic and study the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Heta Lad
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Aurora Fusto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Yekaterina Tiper
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Asiman Datye
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Christine T Nguyen
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G5, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Erik Jacques
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Louise A Moyle
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Thy Nguyen
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Brennen Musgrave
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Carolina Chávez-Madero
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris UMRS974, France
| | - Chun Chen
- Pliant Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Scott Turner
- Pliant Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Bryan A Stewart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G5, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Libero Vitiello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy; Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Italy
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G5, Canada.
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26
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Basse AL, Agerholm M, Farup J, Dalbram E, Nielsen J, Ørtenblad N, Altıntaş A, Ehrlich AM, Krag T, Bruzzone S, Dall M, de Guia RM, Jensen JB, Møller AB, Karlsen A, Kjær M, Barrès R, Vissing J, Larsen S, Jessen N, Treebak JT. Nampt controls skeletal muscle development by maintaining Ca 2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial integrity. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101271. [PMID: 34119711 PMCID: PMC8259345 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective NAD+ is a co-factor and substrate for enzymes maintaining energy homeostasis. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) controls NAD+ synthesis, and in skeletal muscle, NAD+ is essential for muscle integrity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which NAD+ synthesis affects muscle health remain poorly understood. Thus, the objective of the current study was to delineate the role of NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis in skeletal muscle development and function. Methods To determine the role of Nampt in muscle development and function, we generated skeletal muscle-specific Nampt KO (SMNKO) mice. We performed a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of the SMNKO mice, including metabolic measurements, histological examinations, and RNA sequencing analyses of skeletal muscle from SMNKO mice and WT littermates. Results SMNKO mice were smaller, with phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle, including reduced fiber area and increased number of centralized nuclei. The majority of SMNKO mice died prematurely. Transcriptomic analysis identified that the gene encoding the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) regulator Cyclophilin D (Ppif) was upregulated in skeletal muscle of SMNKO mice from 2 weeks of age, with associated increased sensitivity of mitochondria to the Ca2+-stimulated mPTP opening. Treatment of SMNKO mice with the Cyclophilin D inhibitor, Cyclosporine A, increased membrane integrity, decreased the number of centralized nuclei, and increased survival. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that NAMPT is crucial for maintaining cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and skeletal muscle development, which is vital for juvenile survival. NAD+ salvage capacity is important for skeletal muscle development and survival. Skeletal muscle-specific Nampt knockout mice exhibit a dystrophy-like phenotype. Nampt deletion alters Ca2+ homeostasis and impairs mitochondrial function. Low NAD+ levels signals mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Cyclosporin A treatment improves sarcolemma integrity and increases survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid L Basse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Agerholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean Farup
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emilie Dalbram
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ali Altıntaş
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy M Ehrlich
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Krag
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roldan M de Guia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas B Jensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas B Møller
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Karlsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjær
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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27
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Kurosaka M, Ogura Y, Sato S, Kohda K, Funabashi T. Transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is an inhibitory factor for adult myogenesis. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:14. [PMID: 34051858 PMCID: PMC8164270 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) transcription factor plays a vitally important role in immune cells, where it is activated mainly by interleukin-4 (IL-4). Because IL-4 is an essential cytokine for myotube formation, STAT6 might also be involved in myogenesis as part of IL-4 signaling. This study was conducted to elucidate the role of STAT6 in adult myogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Methods Myoblasts were isolated from male mice and were differentiated on a culture dish to evaluate the change in STAT6 during myotube formation. Then, the effects of STAT6 overexpression and inhibition on proliferation, differentiation, and fusion in those cells were studied. Additionally, to elucidate the myogenic role of STAT6 in vivo, muscle regeneration after injury was evaluated in STAT6 knockout mice. Results IL-4 can increase STAT6 phosphorylation, but STAT6 phosphorylation decreased during myotube formation in culture. STAT6 overexpression decreased, but STAT6 knockdown increased the differentiation index and the fusion index. Results indicate that STAT6 inhibited myogenin protein expression. Results of in vivo experiments show that STAT6 knockout mice exhibited better regeneration than wild-type mice 5 days after cardiotoxin-induced injury. It is particularly interesting that results obtained using cells from STAT6 knockout mice suggest that this STAT6 inhibitory action for myogenesis was not mediated by IL-4 but might instead be associated with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. However, STAT6 was not involved in the proliferation of myogenic cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Results suggest that STAT6 functions as an inhibitor of adult myogenesis. Moreover, results suggest that the IL-4-STAT6 signaling axis is unlikely to be responsible for myotube formation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13395-021-00271-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kurosaka
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogura
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Sato
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA.,New Iberia Research Center, The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Kazuhisa Kohda
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiya Funabashi
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
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28
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do Carmo Costa A, Copola AGL, Carvalho E Souza C, Nogueira JM, Silva GAB, Jorge EC. RGMa can induce skeletal muscle cell hyperplasia via association with neogenin signalling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:415-427. [PMID: 33748906 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although originally discovered inducing important biological functions in the nervous system, repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) has now been identified as a player in many other processes and diseases, including in myogenesis. RGMa is known to be expressed in skeletal muscle cells, from somites to the adult. Functional in vitro studies have revealed that RGMa overexpression could promote skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, as higher efficiency in cell fusion was observed. Here, we extend the potential role of RGMa during C2C12 cell differentiation in vitro. Our results showed that RGMa administrated as a recombinant protein during late stages of C2C12 myogenic differentiation could induce myoblast cell fusion and the downregulation of different myogenic markers, while its administration at early stages induced the expression of myogenic markers with no detectable morphological effects. We also found that RGMa effects on skeletal muscle hyperplasia are performed via neogenin receptor, possibly as part of a complex with other proteins. Additionally, we observed that RGMa-neogenin is not playing a role as an inhibitor of the BMP signalling in skeletal muscle cells. This work contributes to placing RGMa as a component of the mechanisms that determine skeletal cell fusion via neogenin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinne do Carmo Costa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Aline Gonçalves Lio Copola
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Clara Carvalho E Souza
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Júlia Meireles Nogueira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Gerluza Aparecida Borges Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Erika Cristina Jorge
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brazil.
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29
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Tanaka S, Fujishita Y, Kawaguchi N, Usuki T, Yokoyama Y, Wu X, Mori S, Yamamoto H, Kogo M. The synthetic peptide SVVYGLR promotes cell motility of myogenic cells and facilitates differentiation in skeletal muscle regeneration. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:766-771. [PMID: 33563848 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of the osteopontin-derived multifunctional short peptide, SVVYGLR (SV) peptide on the biological properties of skeletal muscle-specific myogenic cells. We employed human-derived satellite cells (HSkMSC) and skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMM) and performed a series of biochemical experiments. The synthetic SV peptide showed no influence on the proliferation and adhesion properties of HSkMSC and HSMM, while it showed a significant increase in cell motility, including migration activities upon treatment with the SV peptide. In a rat model with volumetric loss of masticatory muscle, immunohistochemical staining of regenerating muscle tissue immediately after injury demonstrated an increase of the number of both MyoD- and myogenin-positive cells in SV peptide-treated group. These results suggest that SV peptide plays a potent role in facilitating skeletal muscle regeneration by promoting the migration, and differentiation of myogenic precursor and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanaka
- The 1st Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University
| | - Yohei Fujishita
- The 1st Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University
| | - Naomasa Kawaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University.,Departments of Drug Discovery Cardiovascular Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka University.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences
| | - Takasuke Usuki
- The 1st Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University
| | - Yuhki Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Seiji Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mikihiko Kogo
- The 1st Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University
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30
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Dexamethasone accelerates muscle regeneration by modulating kinesin-1-mediated focal adhesion signals. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:35. [PMID: 33597503 PMCID: PMC7889929 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During differentiation, skeletal muscle develops mature multinucleated muscle fibers, which could contract to exert force on a substrate. Muscle dysfunction occurs progressively in patients with muscular dystrophy, leading to a loss of the ability to walk and eventually to death. The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) has been used therapeutically to treat muscular dystrophy by an inhibition of inflammation, followed by slowing muscle degeneration and stabilizing muscle strength. Here, in mice with muscle injury, we found that Dex significantly promotes muscle regeneration via promoting kinesin-1 motor activity. Nevertheless, how Dex promotes myogenesis through kinesin-1 motors remains unclear. We found that Dex directly increases kinesin-1 motor activity, which is required for the expression of a myogenic marker (muscle myosin heavy chain 1/2), and also for the process of myoblast fusion and the formation of polarized myotubes. Upon differentiation, kinesin-1 mediates the recruitment of integrin β1 onto microtubules allowing delivery of the protein into focal adhesions. Integrin β1-mediated focal adhesion signaling then guides myoblast fusion towards a polarized morphology. By imposing geometric constrains via micropatterns, we have proved that cell adhesion is able to rescue the defects caused by kinesin-1 inhibition during the process of myogenesis. These discoveries reveal a mechanism by which Dex is able to promote myogenesis, and lead us towards approaches that are more efficient in improving skeletal muscle regeneration.
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31
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Abstract
Muscle cell fusion is a multistep process involving cell migration, adhesion, membrane remodeling and actin-nucleation pathways to generate multinucleated myotubes. However, molecular brakes restraining cell-cell fusion events have remained elusive. Here we show that transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway is active in adult muscle cells throughout fusion. We find TGFβ signaling reduces cell fusion, regardless of the cells' ability to move and establish cell-cell contacts. In contrast, inhibition of TGFβ signaling enhances cell fusion and promotes branching between myotubes in mouse and human. Exogenous addition of TGFβ protein in vivo during muscle regeneration results in a loss of muscle function while inhibition of TGFβR2 induces the formation of giant myofibers. Transcriptome analyses and functional assays reveal that TGFβ controls the expression of actin-related genes to reduce cell spreading. TGFβ signaling is therefore requisite to limit mammalian myoblast fusion, determining myonuclei numbers and myofiber size.
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32
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Microstructural, Electrochemical and In Vitro Analysis of Mg-0.5Ca-xGd Biodegradable Alloys. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11030981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The subject of Mg-based biodegradable materials, used for medical applications, has been extensively studied throughout the years. It is a known fact that alloying Mg with biocompatible and non-toxic elements improves the biodegradability of the alloys that are being used in the field of surgical applications. The aim of this research is to investigate the aspects concerning the microstructure, electrochemical response (corrosion resistance) and in vitro cytocompatibility of a new experimental Mg-based biodegradable alloy—Mg–0.5%Ca with controlled addition of Gd as follows: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 wt.%—in order to establish improved biocompatibility with the human hard and soft tissues at a stable biodegradable rate. For this purpose, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), light microscopy (LM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for determining the microstructure and chemical composition of the studied alloy and the linear polarization resistance (LPR) method was used to calculate the corrosion rate for the biodegradability rate assessment. The cellular response was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test followed by fluorescence microscopy observation. The research led to the discovery of a dendritic α-Mg solid solution, as well as a lamellar Mg2Ca and a Mg5Gd intermetallic compound. The in vivo tests revealed 73–80% viability of the cells registered at 3 days and between 77 and 100% for 5 days, a fact that leads us to believe that the experimental studied alloys do not have a cytotoxic character and are suitable for medical applications.
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33
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Bawa S, Gameros S, Baumann K, Brooks DS, Kollhoff JA, Zolkiewski M, Re Cecconi AD, Panini N, Russo M, Piccirillo R, Johnson DK, Kashipathy MM, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Bouyain SEA, Kawakami J, Geisbrecht ER. Costameric integrin and sarcoglycan protein levels are altered in a Drosophila model for Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 32:260-273. [PMID: 33296226 PMCID: PMC8098830 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-07-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in two different domains of the ubiquitously expressed TRIM32 protein give rise to two clinically separate diseases, one of which is Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H). Uncovering the muscle-specific role of TRIM32 in LGMD2H pathogenesis has proven difficult, as neurogenic phenotypes, independent of LGMD2H pathology, are present in TRIM32 KO mice. We previously established a platform to study LGMD2H pathogenesis using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. Here we show that LGMD2H disease-causing mutations in the NHL domain are molecularly and structurally conserved between fly and human TRIM32. Furthermore, transgenic expression of a subset of myopathic alleles (R394H, D487N, and 520fs) induce myofibril abnormalities, altered nuclear morphology, and reduced TRIM32 protein levels, mimicking phenotypes in patients afflicted with LGMD2H. Intriguingly, we also report for the first time that the protein levels of βPS integrin and sarcoglycan δ, both core components of costameres, are elevated in TRIM32 disease-causing alleles. Similarly, murine myoblasts overexpressing a catalytically inactive TRIM32 mutant aberrantly accumulate α- and β-dystroglycan and α-sarcoglycan. We speculate that the stoichiometric loss of costamere components disrupts costamere complexes to promote muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjot Bawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Samantha Gameros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Kenny Baumann
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - David S Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Joseph A Kollhoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Michal Zolkiewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | | | - Nicolò Panini
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Russo
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | | | - David K Johnson
- Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory, Computational Chemical Biology Core, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | | | | | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Samuel E A Bouyain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Jessica Kawakami
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Erika R Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64110
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Tijore A, Lee BH, Salila Vijayalal Mohan HK, Li H, Tan LP. Bioactive micropatterned platform to engineer myotube-like cells from stem cells. Biofabrication 2020; 13. [PMID: 33285529 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abd157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has the capacity to repair and heal itself after injury. However, this self-healing ability is diminished in the event of severe injuries and myopathies. In such conditions, stem cell-based regenerative treatments can play an important part in post injury restoration. We herein report the development of a bioactive (integrin-β1 antibody immobilized) gold micropatterned platform to promote human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiation into the myotube-like cells. hMSCs grown on bioactive micropattern differentiated into the myotube-like cells within two weeks. Further, up-regulation of myogenic markers, multi-nucleated state with continuous actin cytoskeleton and absence of proliferation marker confirmed the formation of myotube-like cells on bioactive micropattern. Prominent expression of elongated integrin-β1 focal adhesions (ITG-β1 FAs) and development of anisotropic stress fibres in those differentiated cells elucidated their importance in stem cell myogenesis. Together these findings delineate the synergistic role of engineered cell anisotropy and ITG-β1 mediated signaling in the development of myotube-like cells from hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Tijore
- National University of Singapore, Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, 119260, SINGAPORE
| | - Bae Hoon Lee
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore, 639798, SINGAPORE
| | | | - Holden Li
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore, Singapore, 639798, SINGAPORE
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore, 639798, SINGAPORE
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35
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Papanikolaou K, Veskoukis AS, Draganidis D, Baloyiannis I, Deli CK, Poulios A, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG. Redox-dependent regulation of satellite cells following aseptic muscle trauma: Implications for sports performance and nutrition. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:125-138. [PMID: 33039652 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) are indispensable for tissue regeneration, remodeling and growth. Following myotrauma, SCs are activated, and assist in tissue repair. Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is characterized by a pronounced inflammatory response and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Experimental evidence suggests that SCs kinetics (the propagation from a quiescent to an activated/proliferative state) following EIMD is redox-dependent and interconnected with changes in the SCs microenvironment (niche). Animal studies have shown that following aseptic myotrauma, antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory supplementation leads to an improved recovery and skeletal muscle regeneration through enhanced SCs kinetics, suggesting a redox-dependent molecular mechanism. Although evidence suggests that antioxidant/anti-inflammatory compounds may prevent performance deterioration and enhance recovery, there is lack of information regarding the redox-dependent regulation of SCs responses following EIMD in humans. In this review, SCs kinetics following aseptic myotrauma, as well as the intrinsic redox-sensitive molecular mechanisms responsible for SCs responses are discussed. The role of redox status on SCs function should be further investigated in the future with human clinical trials in an attempt to elucidate the molecular pathways responsible for muscle recovery and provide information for potential nutritional strategies aiming at performance recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papanikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42132, Greece
| | - Aristidis S Veskoukis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Argonafton 1, 42132, Trikala, Greece; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42132, Greece
| | - Ioannis Baloyiannis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Mezourlo, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Chariklia K Deli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42132, Greece
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42132, Greece
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42132, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42132, Greece.
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36
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Choi KH, Kim M, Yoon JW, Jeong J, Ryu M, Jo C, Lee CK. Purification of Pig Muscle Stem Cells Using Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) Based on the Expression of Cluster of Differentiation 29 (CD29). Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:852-859. [PMID: 32968735 PMCID: PMC7492165 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscle stem cells of domestic animals are of interest to researchers in the
food and biotechnology industries for the production of cultured meat. For
producing cultured meat, it is crucial for muscle stem cells to be efficiently
isolated and stably maintained in vitro on a large scale. In
the present study, we aimed to optimize the method for the enrichment of pig
muscle stem cells using a magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) system. Pig
muscle stem cells were collected from the biceps femoris
muscles of 14 d-old pigs of three breeds [Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc
(LYD), Berkshire, and Korean native pigs] and cultured in skeletal muscle growth
medium-2 (SkGM-2) supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF),
dexamethasone, and a p38 inhibitor (SB203580). Approximately 30% of total
cultured cells were nonmyogenic cells in the absence of purification in our
system, as determined by immunostaining for cluster of differentiation 56 (CD56)
and CD29, which are known markers of muscle stem cells. Interestingly, following
MACS isolation using the CD29 antibody, the proportion of
CD56+/CD29+ muscle stem cells was
significantly increased (91.5±2.40%), and the proportion of CD56
single-positive nonmyogenic cells was dramatically decreased. Furthermore, we
verified that this method worked well for purifying muscle stem cells in the
three pig breeds. Accordingly, we found that CD29 is a valuable candidate among
the various marker genes for the isolation of pig muscle stem cells and
developed a simple sorting method based on a single antibody to this
protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jinsol Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Minkyung Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
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37
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Under construction: The dynamic assembly, maintenance, and degradation of the cardiac sarcomere. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 148:89-102. [PMID: 32920010 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of striated muscle and is a highly ordered protein complex with the actin and myosin filaments at its core. Assembling the sarcomere constituents into this organized structure in development, and with muscle growth as new sarcomeres are built, is a complex process coordinated by numerous factors. Once assembled, the sarcomere requires constant maintenance as its continuous contraction is accompanied by elevated mechanical, thermal, and oxidative stress, which predispose proteins to misfolding and toxic aggregation. To prevent protein misfolding and maintain sarcomere integrity, the sarcomere is monitored by an assortment of protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms. The need for effective PQC is heightened in cardiomyocytes which are terminally differentiated and must survive for many years while preserving optimal mechanical output. To prevent toxic protein aggregation, molecular chaperones stabilize denatured sarcomere proteins and promote their refolding. However, when old and misfolded proteins cannot be salvaged by chaperones, they must be recycled via degradation pathways: the calpain and ubiquitin-proteasome systems, which operate under basal conditions, and the stress-responsive autophagy-lysosome pathway. Mutations to and deficiency of the molecular chaperones and associated factors charged with sarcomere maintenance commonly lead to sarcomere structural disarray and the progression of heart disease, highlighting the necessity of effective sarcomere PQC for maintaining cardiac function. This review focuses on the dynamic regulation of assembly and turnover at the sarcomere with an emphasis on the chaperones involved in these processes and describes the alterations to chaperones - through mutations and deficient expression - implicated in disease progression to heart failure.
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38
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Pang Y, Tong H, Yan Y, Li S, Li S. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 4 promotes the migration and differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells via focal adhesion kinase. Cell Adh Migr 2020; 14:153-164. [PMID: 32881638 PMCID: PMC7513858 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2020.1810508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FNDC4 is an anti-inflammatory factor that alters the activation state of macrophages; it is used to treat colitis in mice. However, its role in muscle formation and mechanism of function remains unknown. We found that FNDC4 promotes the bovine MDSCs migration and differentiation. Furthermore, we reported that it interacts with integrin β1 (ITGβ1). FAK, mediated by ITGβ1, regulates cell migration. Our results found FNDC4 to influence the expression of p-FAK, p-paxillin, and vinculin. Then, overexpressed or added FNDC4 protein could not influence migration and differentiation any more when the activated form of FAK was reduced. Therefore, we concluded that FNDC4 promotes the differentiation and migration of bovine MDSCs via the FAK, mediated by the ITGβ1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Yusheng Pang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Huili Tong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Yunqin Yan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Science College, North-east Agricultural University , Harbin, China
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39
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Taneja N, Neininger AC, Burnette DT. Coupling to substrate adhesions drives the maturation of muscle stress fibers into myofibrils within cardiomyocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1273-1288. [PMID: 32267210 PMCID: PMC7353145 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Forces generated by heart muscle contraction must be balanced by adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to other cells for proper heart function. Decades of data have suggested that cell-ECM adhesions are important for sarcomere assembly. However, the relationship between cell-ECM adhesions and sarcomeres assembling de novo remains untested. Sarcomeres arise from muscle stress fibers (MSFs) that are translocating on the top (dorsal) surface of cultured cardiomyocytes. Using an array of tools to modulate cell-ECM adhesion, we established a strong positive correlation between the extent of cell-ECM adhesion and sarcomere assembly. On the other hand, we found a strong negative correlation between the extent of cell-ECM adhesion and the rate of MSF translocation, a phenomenon also observed in nonmuscle cells. We further find a conserved network architecture that also exists in nonmuscle cells. Taken together, our results show that cell-ECM adhesions mediate coupling between the substrate and MSFs, allowing their maturation into sarcomere-containing myofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Taneja
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Abigail C Neininger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dylan T Burnette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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40
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Chen B, You W, Wang Y, Shan T. The regulatory role of Myomaker and Myomixer-Myomerger-Minion in muscle development and regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1551-1569. [PMID: 31642939 PMCID: PMC11105057 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays essential roles in motor function, energy, and glucose metabolism. Skeletal muscle formation occurs through a process called myogenesis, in which a crucial step is the fusion of mononucleated myoblasts to form multinucleated myofibers. The myoblast/myocyte fusion is triggered and coordinated in a muscle-specific way that is essential for muscle development and post-natal muscle regeneration. Many molecules and proteins have been found and demonstrated to have the capacity to regulate the fusion of myoblast/myocytes. Interestingly, two newly discovered muscle-specific membrane proteins, Myomaker and Myomixer (also called Myomerger and Minion), have been identified as fusogenic regulators in vertebrates. Both Myomaker and Myomixer-Myomerger-Minion have the capacity to directly control the myogenic fusion process. Here, we review and discuss the latest studies related to these two proteins, including the discovery, structure, expression pattern, functions, and regulation of Myomaker and Myomixer-Myomerger-Minion. We also emphasize and discuss the interaction between Myomaker and Myomixer-Myomerger-Minion, as well as their cooperative regulatory roles in cell-cell fusion. Moreover, we highlight the areas for exploration of Myomaker and Myomixer-Myomerger-Minion in future studies and consider their potential application to control cell fusion for cell-therapy purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bide Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.
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41
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Mechanisms regulating myoblast fusion: A multilevel interplay. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:81-92. [PMID: 32063453 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myoblast fusion into myotubes is one of the crucial steps of skeletal muscle development (myogenesis). The fusion is preceded by specification of a myogenic lineage (mesodermal progenitors) differentiating into myoblasts and is followed by myofiber-type specification and neuromuscular junction formation. Similarly to other processes of myogenesis, the fusion requires a very precise spatial and temporal regulation occuring both during embryonic development as well as regeneration and repair of the muscle. A plethora of genes and their products is involved in regulation of myoblast fusion and a precise multilevel interplay between them is crucial for myogenic cells to fuse. In this review, we describe both cellular events taking place during myoblast fusion (migration, adhesion, elongation, cell-cell recognition, alignment, and fusion of myoblast membranes enabling formation of myotubes) as well as recent findings on mechanisms regulating this process. Also, we present muscle disorders in humans that have been associated with defects in genes involved in regulation of myoblast fusion.
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42
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Choi IY, Lim H, Cho HJ, Oh Y, Chou BK, Bai H, Cheng L, Kim YJ, Hyun S, Kim H, Shin JH, Lee G. Transcriptional landscape of myogenesis from human pluripotent stem cells reveals a key role of TWIST1 in maintenance of skeletal muscle progenitors. eLife 2020; 9:e46981. [PMID: 32011235 PMCID: PMC6996923 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of skeletal muscle cells with human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) opens new avenues for deciphering essential, but poorly understood aspects of transcriptional regulation in human myogenic specification. In this study, we characterized the transcriptional landscape of distinct human myogenic stages, including OCT4::EGFP+ pluripotent stem cells, MSGN1::EGFP+ presomite cells, PAX7::EGFP+ skeletal muscle progenitor cells, MYOG::EGFP+ myoblasts, and multinucleated myotubes. We defined signature gene expression profiles from each isolated cell population with unbiased clustering analysis, which provided unique insights into the transcriptional dynamics of human myogenesis from undifferentiated hPSCs to fully differentiated myotubes. Using a knock-out strategy, we identified TWIST1 as a critical factor in maintenance of human PAX7::EGFP+ putative skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Our data revealed a new role of TWIST1 in human skeletal muscle progenitors, and we have established a foundation to identify transcriptional regulations of human myogenic ontogeny (online database can be accessed in http://www.myogenesis.net/).
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Affiliation(s)
- In Young Choi
- The Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Graduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hotae Lim
- The Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- College of Veterinary MedicineChungbuk National UniversityChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Cho
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yohan Oh
- The Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bin-Kuan Chou
- The Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Hao Bai
- The Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yong Jun Kim
- Department of Pathololgy, College of MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - SangHwan Hyun
- The Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- College of Veterinary MedicineChungbuk National UniversityChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyesoo Kim
- The Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical CampusBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Gabsang Lee
- The Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- The Solomon H. Synder Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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43
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Fallahi A, Yazdi IK, Serex L, Lesha E, Faramarzi N, Tarlan F, Avci H, Costa-Almeida R, Sharifi F, Rinoldi C, Gomes ME, Shin SR, Khademhosseini A, Akbari M, Tamayol A. Customizable Composite Fibers for Engineering Skeletal Muscle Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1112-1123. [PMID: 33464853 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering tissue-like scaffolds that can mimic the microstructure, architecture, topology, and mechanical properties of native tissues while offering an excellent environment for cellular growth has remained an unmet need. To address these challenges, multicompartment composite fibers are fabricated. These fibers can be assembled through textile processes to tailor tissue-level mechanical and electrical properties independent of cellular level components. Textile technologies also allow control of the distribution of different cell types and the microstructure of fabricated constructs and the direction of cellular growth within the 3D microenvironment. Here, we engineered composite fibers from biocompatible cores and biologically relevant hydrogel sheaths. The fibers are mechanically robust to being assembled using textile processes and could support adhesion, proliferation, and maturation of cell populations important for the engineering of skeletal muscles. We also demonstrated that the changes in the coating of the multicompartment fibers could potentially enhance myogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Fallahi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Iman K Yazdi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ludovic Serex
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emal Lesha
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Negar Faramarzi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Farhang Tarlan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Raquel Costa-Almeida
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Radiology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Center of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8, Canada
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 68508, United States.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 06030, United States
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44
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Boscolo Sesillo F, Wong M, Cortez A, Alperin M. Isolation of muscle stem cells from rat skeletal muscles. Stem Cell Res 2019; 43:101684. [PMID: 31931473 PMCID: PMC7357689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are involved in homeostatic maintenance of skeletal muscle and play a central role in muscle regeneration in response to injury. Thus, understanding MuSC autonomous properties is of fundamental importance for studies of muscle degenerative diseases and muscle plasticity. Rat, as an animal model, has been widely used in the skeletal muscle field, however rat MuSC isolation through fluorescence-activated cell sorting has never been described. This work validates a protocol for effective MuSC isolation from rat skeletal muscles. Tibialis anterior was harvested from female rats and digested for isolation of MuSCs. Three protocols, employing different cell surface markers (CD106, CD56, and CD29), were compared for their ability to isolate a highly enriched MuSC population. Cells isolated using only CD106 as a positive marker showed high expression of Pax7, ability to progress through myogenic lineage while in culture, and complete differentiation in serum-deprived conditions. The protocol was further validated in gastrocnemius, diaphragm, and the individual components of the pelvic floor muscle complex (coccygeus, iliocaudalis, and pubocaudalis), proving to be reproducible. CD106 is an efficient marker for reliable isolation of MuSCs from a variety of rat skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Boscolo Sesillo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michelle Wong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amy Cortez
- Flow Cytometry Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marianna Alperin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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45
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Zfp422 promotes skeletal muscle differentiation by regulating EphA7 to induce appropriate myoblast apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1644-1659. [PMID: 31685980 PMCID: PMC7206035 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 422 (Zfp422) is a widely expressed zinc finger protein that serves as a transcriptional factor to regulate downstream gene expression, but until now, little is known about its roles in myogenesis. We found here that Zfp422 plays a critical role in skeletal muscle development and regeneration. It highly expresses in mouse skeletal muscle during embryonic development. Specific knockout of Zfp422 in skeletal muscle impaired embryonic muscle formation. Satellite cell-specific Zfp422 deletion severely inhibited muscle regeneration. Myoblast differentiation and myotube formation were suppressed in Zfp422-deleted C2C12 cells, isolated primary myoblasts, and satellite cells. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-Seq) revealed that Zfp422 regulated ephrin type-A receptor 7 (EphA7) expression by binding an upstream 169-bp DNA sequence, which was proved to be an enhancer of EphA7. Knocking EphA7 down in C2C12 cells or deleting Zfp422 in myoblasts will inhibit cell apoptosis which is required for myoblast differentiation. These results indicate that Zfp422 is essential for skeletal muscle differentiation and fusion, through regulating EphA7 expression to maintain proper apoptosis.
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46
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BDNF is a mediator of glycolytic fiber-type specification in mouse skeletal muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16111-16120. [PMID: 31320589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900544116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) influences the differentiation, plasticity, and survival of central neurons and likewise, affects the development of the neuromuscular system. Besides its neuronal origin, BDNF is also a member of the myokine family. However, the role of skeletal muscle-derived BDNF in regulating neuromuscular physiology in vivo remains unclear. Using gain- and loss-of-function animal models, we show that muscle-specific ablation of BDNF shifts the proportion of muscle fibers from type IIB to IIX, concomitant with elevated slow muscle-type gene expression. Furthermore, BDNF deletion reduces motor end plate volume without affecting neuromuscular junction (NMJ) integrity. These morphological changes are associated with slow muscle function and a greater resistance to contraction-induced fatigue. Conversely, BDNF overexpression promotes a fast muscle-type gene program and elevates glycolytic fiber number. These findings indicate that BDNF is required for fiber-type specification and provide insights into its potential modulation as a therapeutic target in muscle diseases.
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47
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Collagen XXV promotes myoblast fusion during myogenic differentiation and muscle formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5878. [PMID: 30971718 PMCID: PMC6458142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion of myoblasts into multinucleated myofibers is crucial for skeletal muscle development and regeneration. However, the mechanisms controlling this process remain to be determined. Here we identified the involvement of a new extracellular matrix protein in myoblast fusion. Collagen XXV is a transmembrane-type collagen highly transcribed during early myogenesis when primary myofibers form. Limb muscles of E12.5 and E14.5 Col25a1−/− embryos show a clear defect in the formation of multinucleated myofibers. In cell culture, the cleaved soluble extracellular domain of the collagen XXV is sufficient to promote the formation of highly multinucleated myofibers. Col25a1 is transiently expressed during myogenic differentiation and Col25a1 transcripts are down-regulated in multinucleated myofibers by a muscle-specific microRNA, miR-499. Altogether, these findings indicate that collagen XXV is required in vivo and in vitro for the fusion of myoblasts into myofibers and give further evidence that microRNAs participate to the regulation of this process.
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48
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Lionello VM, Nicot AS, Sartori M, Kretz C, Kessler P, Buono S, Djerroud S, Messaddeq N, Koebel P, Prokic I, Hérault Y, Romero NB, Laporte J, Cowling BS. Amphiphysin 2 modulation rescues myotubular myopathy and prevents focal adhesion defects in mice. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:11/484/eaav1866. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNMs) are severe diseases characterized by muscle weakness and myofiber atrophy. Currently, there are no approved treatments for these disorders. Mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase myotubularin (MTM1) are responsible for X-linked CNM (XLCNM), also called myotubular myopathy, whereas mutations in the membrane remodeling Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs protein amphiphysin 2 [bridging integrator 1 (BIN1)] are responsible for an autosomal form of the disease. Here, we investigated the functional relationship between MTM1 and BIN1 in healthy skeletal muscle and in the physiopathology of CNM. Genetic overexpression of human BIN1 efficiently rescued the muscle weakness and life span in a mouse model of XLCNM. Exogenous human BIN1 expression with adeno-associated virus after birth also prevented the progression of the disease, suggesting that human BIN1 overexpression can compensate for the lack of MTM1 expression in this mouse model. Our results showed that MTM1 controls cell adhesion and integrin localization in mammalian muscle. Alterations in this pathway in Mtm1−/y mice were associated with defects in myofiber shape and size. BIN1 expression rescued integrin and laminin alterations and restored myofiber integrity, supporting the idea that MTM1 and BIN1 are functionally linked and necessary for focal adhesions in skeletal muscle. The results suggest that BIN1 modulation might be an effective strategy for treating XLCNM.
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49
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McClure MJ, Ramey AN, Rashid M, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Integrin-α7 signaling regulates connexin 43, M-cadherin, and myoblast fusion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C876-C887. [PMID: 30892939 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00282.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine treatments for severe skeletal muscle injuries are limited, resulting in persistent functional deficits. Clinical options include neglecting the wound with the expectation that fibrosis will develop or using an autologous muscle graft with minimal functional improvement. A regenerative matrix can be used, but muscle fiber development on these matrices remains a challenge in vivo. Here, we explored the fundamental mechanisms that mediate cell-substrate signaling and its effect on cell-cell communication during myoblast fusion and tube formation to improve outcomes following implantation of matrices used to stimulate muscle regeneration. We previously reported that integrin-α7 was increased on anisotropic biomaterials, suggesting a role for α7β1 signaling in myoblast communication via connexin 43 and M-cadherin. Our results demonstrated that α7 silencing blocked expression of myogenic differentiation factor 1 (Myod), myogenin (Myog), myogenic factor 6 (Myf6), myosin heavy chain type 1 (Myh1), and transmembrane protein 8c (Tmem8c), indicating that myoblast fusion was inhibited. Expression of α5 and M-cadherin decreased but β1 and connexin 43 increased. We examined protein production and observed reduced extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) in α7-silenced cells that correlated with upregulation of connexin 43 and M-cadherin, suggesting a compensatory pathway. These results indicate that α7 signaling plays a critical role in ex vivo fusion and implicates a relationship with connexin 43 and M-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Allison N Ramey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mashaba Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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50
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Dasbiswas K, Hu S, Schnorrer F, Safran SA, Bershadsky AD. Ordering of myosin II filaments driven by mechanical forces: experiments and theory. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0114. [PMID: 29632266 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin II filaments form ordered superstructures in both cross-striated muscle and non-muscle cells. In cross-striated muscle, myosin II (thick) filaments, actin (thin) filaments and elastic titin filaments comprise the stereotypical contractile units of muscles called sarcomeres. Linear chains of sarcomeres, called myofibrils, are aligned laterally in registry to form cross-striated muscle cells. The experimentally observed dependence of the registered organization of myofibrils on extracellular matrix elasticity has been proposed to arise from the interactions of sarcomeric contractile elements (considered as force dipoles) through the matrix. Non-muscle cells form small bipolar filaments built of less than 30 myosin II molecules. These filaments are associated in registry forming superstructures ('stacks') orthogonal to actin filament bundles. Formation of myosin II filament stacks requires the myosin II ATPase activity and function of the actin filament crosslinking, polymerizing and depolymerizing proteins. We propose that the myosin II filaments embedded into elastic, intervening actin network (IVN) function as force dipoles that interact attractively through the IVN. This is in analogy with the theoretical picture developed for myofibrils where the elastic medium is now the actin cytoskeleton itself. Myosin stack formation in non-muscle cells provides a novel mechanism for the self-organization of the actin cytoskeleton at the level of the entire cell.This article is part of the theme issue 'Self-organization in cell biology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Dasbiswas
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shiqiong Hu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Samuel A Safran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander D Bershadsky
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore .,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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