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Schmiech M, Abdel-Kahaar E, Ulrich J, Pfeiffer M, Duweb A, Zolk O, Syrovets T, Simmet T. Single-dose comparative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of a micellar formulation versus a native Boswellia serrata dry extract in healthy volunteers. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155863. [PMID: 39033725 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracts of oleogum resins of Boswellia trees possess anti-inflammatory activities. Micellar formulations have been developed to increase the oral bioavailability of bioactive boswellic and lupeolic acids. PURPOSE The current single-dose crossover clinical trial compares for the first time pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of two Boswellia serrata nutraceuticals, native Biotikon® BS-85 and micellar Boswellia-Loges®. METHODS After oral administration of the study preparations (800 mg) to 20 healthy volunteers, plasma concentrations of 8 boswellic and lupeolic acids were measured by using HPLC-MS/MS for up to 48 h Blood samples collected 2 and 5 h after drug administration were stimulated for 24 h with endotoxic lipopolysaccharide. The release of proinflammatory cytokines analyzed by flow cytometry was used as readout of the pharmacodynamic properties of the preparations. REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) No. DRKS00027369. RESULTS Administration of the micellar extract significantly increased Cmax, AUC0-48, and shortened Tmax for all boswellic and lupeolic acids compared to native extract. Accordingly, their relative bioavailability increased to 1,720-4,291 % with the highest difference for acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA). Both preparations reduced the release of TNF-α and the native formulation diminished also IL-1β and IL-6. However, no significant differences were observed between the preparations, except for a higher decrease in IL-1β by the native formulation Biotikon® BS-85. In a lymphocytic gene reporter cell line, both nutraceuticals similarly inhibited the NF-κB transcription factor activity as well as the TNF-α release, yet the native formulation Biotikon®BS-85 was more efficient in inhibiting TNF-α. CONCLUSION Administration of the micellar Boswellia serrata nutraceutical increased the oral bioavailability of boswellic and lupeolic acids. Yet, the increase in plasma concentration did not enhance the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the micellar extract compared to the native extract in this ex vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmiech
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Emaad Abdel-Kahaar
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Judith Ulrich
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Maximilian Pfeiffer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Amira Duweb
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, Ulm 89081, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13628, Libya
| | - Oliver Zolk
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Brandenburg Medical School, Immanuel Hospital Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf 15562, Germany
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, Ulm 89081, Germany.
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Kosolapov D, Jáč P, Riasová P, Poušková J, Polášek M, Nováková L. Advances and Challenges in the Analysis of Boswellic Acids by Separation Methods. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-27. [PMID: 38462842 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2312502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Boswellia resin is an exudate from the cut bark of Boswellia trees. The main constituents of pharmacological interest are boswellic acids (pentacyclic triterpenoids), namely α-boswellic acid, β-boswellic acid, 3-O-acetyl-α-boswellic acid, 3-O-acetyl-β-boswellic acid, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid, and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid. Nowadays, dietary supplements with Boswellia serrata extract are used in the treatment of inflammatory joint diseases. Additionally, the constituents of Boswellia resin have shown potential for the treatment of other chronic inflammatory diseases and various types of cancer. Separation methods including ultra/high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, thin layer chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography coupled with UV or MS detection have been used for the determination of boswellic acids in various matrices (mostly plant material and biological samples). This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of these separation methods, offering a critical discussion of their strengths and limitations in the analysis of boswellic acids. The knowledge of various separation methods plays a pivotal role in the quality control of herbal dietary supplements and the monitoring of the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of their constituents. The approaches based on metabolomics and network pharmacology represent new ways of fingerprinting secondary metabolites in Boswellia resin increasing the comprehensiveness of the output of these methods resulting in safer dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Kosolapov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jáč
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Riasová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Poušková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Polášek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Ragab EA, Abd El-Wahab MF, Doghish AS, Salama RM, Eissa N, Darwish SF. The journey of boswellic acids from synthesis to pharmacological activities. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1477-1504. [PMID: 37740772 PMCID: PMC10858840 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02725-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
There has been a lot of interest in using naturally occurring substances to treat a wide variety of chronic disorders in recent years. From the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and Boswellia carteri, the pentacyclic triterpene molecules known as boswellic acid (BA) are extracted. We aimed to provide a detailed overview of the origins, chemistry, synthetic derivatives, pharmacokinetic, and biological activity of numerous Boswellia species and their derivatives. The literature searched for reports of B. serrata and isolated BAs having anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and clastogenic activities. Our results revealed that the cytotoxic and anticancer effects of B. serrata refer to its triterpenoid component, including BAs. Three-O-acetyl-11-keto-BA was the most promising cytotoxic molecule among tested substances. Activation of caspases, upregulation of Bax expression, downregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), and stimulation of poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage are the primary mechanisms responsible for cytotoxic and antitumor effects. Evidence suggests that BAs have shown promise in combating a wide range of debilitating disease conditions, including cancer, hepatic, inflammatory, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Ragab
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, P.O. Box 59911, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samar F Darwish
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wiese M, Pohlmeier B, Kubiak K, El-Khouly FE, Sitte M, Carcaboso AM, Baugh JN, Perwein T, Nussbaumer G, Karremann M, Gielen GH, Salinas G, Kramm CM. Boswellic acid formulations are not suitable for treatment of pediatric high-grade glioma due to tumor promoting potential. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:101-108. [PMID: 38223806 PMCID: PMC10785237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pedHGG) comprise a very poor prognosis. Thus, parents of affected children are increasingly resorting to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), among those Boswellia extracts. However, nothing is known about the therapeutic effectiveness of their active substances, Boswellic acids (BA) in pedHGG. Thus, we aimed to investigate if the three main Boswellic acids (BA) present in Boswellia plants, alpha-boswellic acid (α-BA), beta-boswellic acid (β-BA) and 3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) hold any promising potential for treatment of affected pedHGG patients. Experimental procedure Histone 3 (H3)-wildtype and H3.3K27M-mutant pedHGG cell lines were treated with BA, either alone or in combination with radio-chemotherapy with temozolomide. Cell viability, stemness properties, apoptosis, in ovo tumor growth and the transcriptome was investigated upon BA treatment. Results and conclusion Interestingly, α-BA and β-BA treatment promoted certain tumor properties in both pedHGG cells. AKBA treatment reduced cell viability and colony growth accompanied by induction of slight anti-inflammatory effects especially in H3.3K27M-mutant pedHGG cells. However, no effects on apoptosis and in ovo tumor growth were found. In conclusion, besides positive anti-tumor effects of AKBA, tumor promoting effects were observed upon treatment with α-BA and β-BA. Thus, only pure AKBA formulations may be used to exploit any potential positive effects in pedHGG patients. In conclusion, the use of commercially available supplements with a mixture of different BA cannot be recommended due to detrimental effects of certain BA whereas pure AKBA formulations might hold some potential as therapeutic supplement for treatment of pedHGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wiese
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert Koch Straße 40, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bente Pohlmeier
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert Koch Straße 40, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Klaudia Kubiak
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert Koch Straße 40, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Fatma E. El-Khouly
- Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1118 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maren Sitte
- Transcriptome and Genome Analysis Laboratory (TAL), Department of Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Angel M. Carcaboso
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu/Institut de Recerca, Sant Joan de Deu 2, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joshua N. Baugh
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Perwein
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Nussbaumer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Karremann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerrit H. Gielen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- Transcriptome and Genome Analysis Laboratory (TAL), Department of Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christof M. Kramm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert Koch Straße 40, Goettingen, Germany
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Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Sharma T, Mondal S, Jana S. Simultaneous identification and quantification of pentacyclic triterpenoids and phenolic compounds from the leaves of Boswellia serrata using LC-MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1741-1756. [PMID: 37386278 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Boswellia serrata (B. serrata) is an important medicinal plant widely used as dietary supplements to provide a support for osteoarthritic and inflammatory diseases. The occurrence of triterpenes in leaves of B. serrata is very little or none. Therefore, the qualitative and quantitative determination of phytoconstituents (triterpenes and phenolics) present in the leaves of B. serrata is very much needed. The aim of this study was to develop an easy, rapid, efficient and simultaneous liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the identification and quantification of the compounds present in the leaves extract of B. serrata. The purification of ethyl acetate extracts of B. serrata was performed by solid phase extraction method, followed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Chromatographic parameters of the analytical method included negative electrospray ionization (ESI-) with a flow of 0.5 mL/min in gradient mode consisting of acetonitrile (A) and water (B) containing 0.1% formic acid, at 20 °C. Total 19 compounds (13 triterpenes and 6 phenolic compounds) were separated, and simultaneously quantified using a validated LC-MS/MS method with high accuracy and sensitivity. Good linearity was obtained with r2 > 0.973 in the calibration range. The overall recoveries were in a range between 95.78 and 100.2% with relative standard deviations (RSD) below 5% for the entire procedure of matrix spiking experiments. Overall, there was no ion suppression from the matrix. The quantification data showed that the total amount of triterpenes and phenolic compounds in the leaves of B. serrata ethyl acetate extract samples ranged from 14.54 to 102.14 mg/g and 2.14 to 93.12 mg/g of dry extract, respectively. This work provides, for the first time, a chromatographic fingerprinting analysis on the leaves of B. serrata. A rapid, efficient, and simultaneous liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and used for the both identification and quantification of triterpenes and phenolic compounds in the leaves extracts of B. serrata. The method established in this work can be used as quality-control method for other market formulations or dietary supplements containing leaf extract of B. serrata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sambhu Mondal
- Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Thane, Maharashtra, India
| | - Snehasis Jana
- Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Thane, Maharashtra, India.
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Clarence DD, Paudel KR, Manandhar B, Singh SK, Devkota HP, Panneerselvam J, Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Verma N, Saad S, Gupta G, Hansbro PM, Oliver BG, Madheswaran T, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Unravelling the Therapeutic Potential of Nano-Delivered Functional Foods in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:3828. [PMID: 36145202 PMCID: PMC9503475 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract is one of the most concerning public health issues, as it can lead to chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), some of which are more detrimental than others. Chronic respiratory diseases include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. The conventional drug therapies for the management and treatment of CRDs only address the symptoms and fail to reverse or recover the chronic-inflammation-mediated structural and functional damage of the respiratory tract. In addition, the low efficacy and adverse effects of these drugs have directed the attention of researchers towards nutraceuticals in search of potential treatment strategies that can not only ameliorate CRD symptoms but also can repair and reverse inflammatory damage. Hence, there is a growing interest toward investigating the medicinal benefits of nutraceuticals, such as rutin, curcumin, zerumbone, and others. Nutraceuticals carry many nutritional and therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity properties, and usually do not have as many adverse effects, as they are naturally sourced. Recently, the use of nanoparticles has also been increasingly studied for the nano drug delivery of these nutraceuticals. The discrete size of nanoparticles holds great potential for the level of permeability that can be achieved when transporting these nutraceutical compounds. This review is aimed to provide an understanding of the use of nutraceuticals in combination with nanoparticles against CRDs and their mechanisms involved in slowing down or reversing the progression of CRDs by inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvya Delilaa Clarence
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
| | - Jithendra Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nitin Verma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Atal Nagar 174103, India
| | - Sonia Saad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Brian Gregory Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Sanchez C, Zappia J, Lambert C, Foguenne J, Dierckxsens Y, Dubuc JE, Delcour JP, Gothot A, Henrotin Y. Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata Extracts Modulate Different and Complementary Pathways on Human Chondrocytes In Vitro: Deciphering of a Transcriptomic Study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:931914. [PMID: 36034822 PMCID: PMC9403192 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.931914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives:Curcuma longa (CL) and Boswellia serrata (BS) extracts are used to relieve osteoarthritis symptoms. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate their mechanisms of action at therapeutic plasmatic concentrations on primary human osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes. Methods: BS (10–50 μg/ml) and CL (0.4–2 μg/ml corresponding to 1–5 µM of curcumin) were evaluated separately or in combination on primary chondrocytes isolated from 17 OA patients and cultured in alginate beads. Ten patients were used for RNA-sequencing analysis. Proteomic confirmation was performed either by immunoassays in the culture supernatant or by flow cytometry for cell surface markers after 72 h of treatment. Results: Significant gene expression modifications were already observed after 6 h of treatment at the highest dose of CL (2 μg/ml) while BS was significantly effective only after 24 h of treatment irrespective of the concentration tested. The most over-expressed genes by CL were anti-oxidative, detoxifying, and cytoprotective genes involved in the Nrf2 pathway. Down-regulated genes were principally pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Inversely, BS anti-oxidant/detoxifying activities were related to the activation of Nrf1 and PPARα pathways. BS anti-inflammatory effects were associated with the increase in GDF15, decrease in cholesterol cell intake and fatty acid metabolism-involved genes, and down-regulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activation. Similar to CL, BS down-regulated ADAMTS1, 5, and MMP3, 13 genes expression. The combination of both CL and BS was significantly more effective than CL or BS alone on many genes such as IL-6, CCL2, ADAMTS1, and 5. Conclusion: BS and CL have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-catabolic activities, suggesting a protective effect of these extracts on cartilage. Even if they share some mechanism of action, the two extracts act mainly on distinct pathways, and with different time courses, justifying their association to treat osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Sanchez
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Christelle Sanchez,
| | - Jérémie Zappia
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Cécile Lambert
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jacques Foguenne
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Liege University Hospital, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Emile Dubuc
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Cliniques Universitaires de St Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - André Gothot
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Liege University Hospital, Liege, Belgium
| | - Yves Henrotin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Princess Paola Hospital, Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
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Peng S, Song Z, Wang C, Liang D, Wan X, Liu Z, Lu A, Ning Z. Frankincense vinegar-processing improves the absorption of boswellic acids by regulating bile acid metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153931. [PMID: 35104761 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boswellic acids in Olibanum (known as frankincense) are potent anti-inflammatory properties in treating ulcerative colitis (UC), but its low bioavailability limited drug development. Evidence accumulated that vinegar processing of frankincense exerts positive effects on improving absorption of compositions. The underlying mechanism is unknown. In recent decades, spectacular growth and multidisciplinary integration of metabolic application were witnessed. The relationship between drug absorption and curative effect has been more or less established. However, it remains a knowledge gap in the field between drug absorption and endocrine metabolism. PURPOSE To investigate the enhancement mechanism of vinegar processing in the absorption of boswellic acids via the aspect of bile acid metabolism. METHODS The effects of raw frankincense (RF) and processed frankincense (PF) were compared by the UC model of rats. The plasma concentration of boswellic acids and the hepatic and colonic bile acids contents were quantified by UPLC-TQ-MS. The levels of mRNA and protein associated with bile acid metabolism were also compared. RESULTS The results showed that PF exhibited re-markable mitigating effects on UC with the elevated plasma level of boswellic acid and upregulated expression of the absorption-related protein multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3) in the liver and colon. It improved colonic lithocholic acid (LCA), which promoted the expression of bile acid nuclear receptors constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), resulting in the upregulation of MRP2 and OATP1B3. CONCLUSION This paper revealed the mechanisms behind the absorption promotion effects of processing. Bile acids metabolism exhibits potential status in pharmaceutical development. The results shed light on the interdisciplinary collaboration between the metabolism and drug absorption fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Peng
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhiqian Song
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chun Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dongrui Liang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoying Wan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 00825, China.
| | - Zhangchi Ning
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
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Boswellia serrata Extract as an Antibiofilm Agent against Candida spp. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010171. [PMID: 35056620 PMCID: PMC8778954 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics or antifungals to control infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms is currently insufficiently effective because of their emerging resistance. Thanks to the ability of microorganisms to form a biofilm and thus increase their resistance to administered drugs even more, modern medicine faces the task of finding novel substances to combat infections caused by them. In this regard, the effects of essential oils or plant extracts are often studied. Among the relatively neglected plants is Boswellia serrata, which has a high content of biologically active boswellic acids. In this study, we focused on one of the most common nosocomial infections, which are caused by Candida species. The most common representative is C. albicans, although the number of infections caused by non-albicans species has recently been increasing. We focused on the antifungal activity of Boswellia serrata extract Bioswellix against planktonic and adhering cells of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida krusei. The antifungal activity against adhering cells was further explored by determining the metabolic activity of cells (MTT) and determining the total amount of biofilm using crystal violet. Boswellic acid-containing plant extract was shown to suppress the growth of a suspension population of all tested Candida species. Boswellia serrata extract Bioswellix was most effective in inhibiting C. albicans biofilm formation.
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10
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Siddiqui A, Shah Z, Jahan RN, Othman I, Kumari Y. Mechanistic role of boswellic acids in Alzheimer's disease: Emphasis on anti-inflammatory properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112250. [PMID: 34607104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The resin/gum of Boswellia species belonging to the family of Burseraceae is a naturally occurring mixture of bioactive compounds, which was traditionally used as a folk medicine to treat conditions like chronic inflammation. Several research studies have also explored its' therapeutic potential against multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main chemical constituents of this gum include boswellic acids (BAs) like 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β boswellic acid (AKBA) that possess potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in AD. It is also involved in inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cholinergic pathway and improve choline levels as well as its binding with nicotinic receptors to produce anti-inflammatory effects. Multiple shreds of evidence have demonstrated that BAs modulate key molecular targets and signalling pathways like 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, Nrf2, NF-kB, cholinergic, amyloid-beta (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles formation (NFTs) that are involved in AD progression. The present review focuses on the possible mechanistic therapeutic role of BAs in modulating the 5-LOX/COX pathway in arachidonic acid metabolism, activating Nrf2 through binding of ARE, inhibiting NF-kB and AChE activity. In addition, an inhibition of amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in AD by BAs is also discussed in this review. We have also highlighted that BAs possess beneficial effects in AD by targeting multiple molecular pathways and makes it an emerging drug candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Siddiqui
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zahoor Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo 43614, OH, USA
| | - Rao Nargis Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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11
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Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Lawrence L, Nallathambi R, Thiyagarajan V, Mundkur L. Boswellia serrata Extract Containing 30% 3-Acetyl-11-Keto-Boswellic Acid Attenuates Inflammatory Mediators and Preserves Extracellular Matrix in Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:735247. [PMID: 34650445 PMCID: PMC8506213 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.735247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Boswellia serrata extracts have been traditionally employed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we have evaluated the mechanism of activity of Boswellin Super® FJ (BSE), a standardized extract of B. serrata containing not less than 30% 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid along with other β-boswellic acids. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were carried out in RAW 264.7 macrophages or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and treated with 1.25-5μg/ml BSE. The anti-arthritic activity of the extract was evaluated in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis. BSE at 40 and 80mg/kg and celecoxib 10mg/kg were orally dosed for 21days. BSE showed significant (p<0.05) inhibition of inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, nitric oxide, and COX-2 secretion) and downregulates the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL1-β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages. BSE treatment reduced the levels of phosphorylated-NF-κB (P65), suggesting an anti-inflammatory activity mediated by blocking this key signal transduction pathway. In addition, BSE showed inhibition (p<0.05) of collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase enzymes, and a reduction in reactive oxygen species and matrix-degrading proteins in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS. BSE treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced the arthritic index, paw volume, and joint inflammation comparable to celecoxib in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. The circulating anti-collagen antibodies were reduced in BSE and celecoxib-treated animals as compared to the CIA. In confirmation with in vitro data, BSE showed a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent effect on C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E2, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which is widely used as a blood marker of inflammation. Further, BSE treatment suppressed the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and significantly enhanced the hyaluronan levels in synovial fluid. As observed by collagen staining in joints, the loss of matrix proteins was lower in BSE-treated animals, suggesting that BSE could preserve the extracellular matrix in RA. The extract showed inhibition of collagenase enzyme activity in vitro, further strengthening this hypothesis. BSE treatment was found to be safe, and rats displayed no abnormal behavior or activities. The results suggest that Boswellin Super® mediates its activity by preserving matrix proteins, reducing pro-inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, Bangalore, India
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ, United States
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12
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Amri IA, Mabood F, Kadim IT, Alkindi A, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Hashmi S, Abbas G, Hamaed A, Ahmed B, Al-Shuhaimi J, Khalaf S, Shaikh J. Evaluation of the solubility of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid and its histological effect on the diabetic mice liver using a novel technique. Vet World 2021; 14:1797-1803. [PMID: 34475700 PMCID: PMC8404125 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1797-1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The literature is scant on the effect of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) on the liver of diabetes-induced mice. This study was designed to develop a rapid, sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive detection technique for evaluating the solubility of KBA obtained from the gum resin of Omani frankincense (Boswellia sacra) in the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectroscopy coupled with principal components analysis (PCA). It also aimed to investigate the effect of KBA on histological changes in the hepatocytes of diabetic mice. Materials and Methods: Eighteen mice were assigned to the healthy control group, the diabetic control group, or the KBA-treated diabetic group. Liver tissue samples from all groups were scanned using an FTIR reflectance spectrophotometer in reflection mode. FTIR reflectance spectra were collected in the wavenumber range of 400-4000 cm−1 using an attenuated total reflectance apparatus. Results: FTIR reflectance spectra were analyzed using PCA. The PCA score plot, which is an exploratory multivariate data set, revealed complete segregation among the three groups’ liver samples based on changes in the variation of wavenumber position in the FTIR reflectance spectra, which indicated a clear effect of KBA solubility on treatments. Histological analysis showed an improvement in the liver tissues, with normal structures of hepatocytes exhibiting mild vacuolation in their cytoplasm. Conclusion: KBA improved the morphology of liver tissues in the diabetic mice and led to complete recovery of the damage observed in the diabetic control group. FTIR reflectance spectroscopy coupled with PCA could be deployed as a rapid, low-cost, and non-destructive detection method for evaluating treatment effects in diseased liver tissue based on the solubility of KBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Al Amri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Fazal Mabood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat KP, Pakistan
| | - Isam T Kadim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdulaziz Alkindi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - A Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sulaiman Al-Hashmi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Hamaed
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Basant Ahmed
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Jawaher Al-Shuhaimi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Samera Khalaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Jamaluddin Shaikh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Nursing, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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13
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Analysis of Boswellic Acid Contents and Related Pharmacological Activities of Frankincense-Based Remedies That Modulate Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070660. [PMID: 34358086 PMCID: PMC8308689 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of frankincense, the gum resin of Boswellia species, have been extensively used in traditional folk medicine since ancient times and are still of great interest as promising anti-inflammatory remedies in Western countries. Despite their common therapeutic use and the intensive pharmacological research including studies on active ingredients, modes of action, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy, frankincense preparations are available as nutraceuticals but have not yet approved as a drug on the market. A major issue of commercially available frankincense nutraceuticals is the striking differences in their composition and quality, especially related to the content of boswellic acids (BAs) as active ingredients, mainly due to the use of material from divergent Boswellia species but also because of different work-up and extraction procedures. Here, we assessed three frequently used frankincense-based preparations for their BA content and the interference with prominent pro-inflammatory actions and targets that have been proposed, that is, 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene formation in human neutrophils, microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1, and inflammatory cytokine secretion in human blood monocytes. Our data reveal striking differences in the pharmacological efficiencies of these preparations in inflammation-related bioassays which obviously correlate with the amounts of BAs they contain. In summary, high-quality frankincense extracts display powerful anti-inflammatory effectiveness against multiple targets which can be traced back to BAs as bioactive ingredients.
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14
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Abdel-Tawab M. Considerations to Be Taken When Carrying Out Medicinal Plant Research-What We Learn from an Insight into the IC 50 Values, Bioavailability and Clinical Efficacy of Exemplary Anti-Inflammatory Herbal Components. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:437. [PMID: 34066427 PMCID: PMC8148151 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants represent a big reservoir for discovering new drugs against all kinds of diseases including inflammation. In spite the large number of promising anti-inflammatory plant extracts and isolated components, research on medicinal plants proves to be very difficult. Based on that background this review aims to provide a summarized insight into the hitherto known pharmacologically active concentrations, bioavailability, and clinical efficacy of boswellic acids, curcumin, quercetin and resveratrol. These examples have in common that the achieved plasma concentrations were found to be often far below the determined IC50 values in vitro. On the other hand demonstrated therapeutic effects suggest a necessity of rethinking our pharmacokinetic understanding. In this light this review discusses the value of plasma levels as pharmacokinetic surrogates in comparison to the more informative value of tissue concentrations. Furthermore the need for new methodological approaches is addressed like the application of combinatorial approaches for identifying and pharmacokinetic investigations of active multi-components. Also the physiological relevance of exemplary in vitro assays and absorption studies in cell-line based models is discussed. All these topics should be ideally considered to avoid inaccurate predictions for the efficacy of herbal components in vivo and to unlock the "black box" of herbal mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abdel-Tawab
- Central Laboratory of German Pharmacists, Carl-Mannich-Str. 20, 65760 Eschborn, Germany; ; Tel.: +49-6196-937-955
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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15
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Park GD, Cheon YH, Eun SY, Lee CH, Lee MS, Kim JY, Cho HJ. β-Boswellic Acid Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation and Function by Attenuating NF-κB and Btk-PLCγ2 Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092665. [PMID: 34062884 PMCID: PMC8125251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disorder that is caused by an imbalance in the functions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is characterized by excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts. Targeting osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption is considered a good fundamental solution for overcoming bone diseases. β-boswellic acid (βBA) is a natural compound found in Boswellia serrata, which is an active ingredient with anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, and anti-cancer effects. Here, we explored the anti-resorptive effect of βBA on osteoclastogenesis. βBA significantly inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL) and suppressed bone resorption without any cytotoxicity. Interestingly, βBA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB, Btk, and PLCγ2 and the degradation of IκB. Additionally, βBA strongly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 induced by RANKL and subsequently attenuated the expression of osteoclast marker genes, such as OC-STAMP, DC-STAMP, β3-integrin, MMP9, ATP6v0d2, and CtsK. These results suggest that βBA is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of excessive osteoclast-induced bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Do Park
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea; (G.D.P.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.Y.E.); (C.H.L.); (M.S.L.)
| | - Yoon-Hee Cheon
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea; (G.D.P.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.Y.E.); (C.H.L.); (M.S.L.)
| | - So Young Eun
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea; (G.D.P.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.Y.E.); (C.H.L.); (M.S.L.)
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea; (G.D.P.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.Y.E.); (C.H.L.); (M.S.L.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea; (G.D.P.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.Y.E.); (C.H.L.); (M.S.L.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea; (G.D.P.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.Y.E.); (C.H.L.); (M.S.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.K.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Hae Joong Cho
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea; (G.D.P.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.Y.E.); (C.H.L.); (M.S.L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.K.); (H.J.C.)
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16
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Kulkarni PD, Damle ND, Hingorani L, Bhaskar VH, Ghante MR, Patil A, Gurjar M, Gota V. Pharmacokinetics of solid lipid Boswellia serrata particles in healthy subjects. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 0:dmdi-2020-0176. [PMID: 33818023 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The anti-inflammatory activity of Boswellia serrata extracts (BSE) is well known. BSE comprises boswellic acids (BA) such as 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) and 11-keto-boswellic acid (KBA) as major constituents. One of the limitations of BAs is their poor oral bioavailability. The aim of the study was to prepare solid lipid particles of Boswellia serrata extract (SLBSP) to enhance the bioavailability of BAs. METHODS The pharmacokinetic profile of BAs was studied in 10 healthy human volunteers following a single oral dose of 333 mg of SLBSP. Pharmacokinetic blood samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 h post drug administration. Plasma KBA and AKBA levels were measured using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetics parameters were estimated using Pheonix WinNonlin (Build 6.4.0.768) software. RESULTS Ten healthy human volunteers were included and peak plasma concentration was achieved in 1.5 and 2.3 h for AKBA and KBA respectively. Maximum plasma concentration (C max) was 8.04 ± 1.67 ng/mL for AKBA and 23.83 ± 4.41 ng/mL for KBA whereas the corresponding area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was 136.7 ± 56.77 ng/mL*h and 165.7 ± 24.5 ng/mL*h respectively. The elimination half-life (t 1/2) of AKBA and KBA was 6.8 ± 3.0 h and 2.45 ± 0.3 h respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SLBSP formulation of BSE showed enhanced oral bioavailability of BAs compared with historically reported data of unformulated BSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti D Kulkarni
- Gahlot Institute of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neena D Damle
- Department of Kaya Chikitsa, DY Patil University, School of Ayurveda, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Minal R Ghante
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy [Kondhwa], S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Anand Patil
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, India
| | - Murari Gurjar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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17
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Kulkarni PD, Damle ND, Hingorani L, Bhaskar VH, Ghante MR, Patil A, Gurjar M, Gota V. Pharmacokinetics of solid lipid Boswellia serrata particles in healthy subjects. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 36:215-221. [PMID: 34412175 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The anti-inflammatory activity of Boswellia serrata extracts (BSE) is well known. BSE comprises boswellic acids (BA) such as 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) and 11-keto-boswellic acid (KBA) as major constituents. One of the limitations of BAs is their poor oral bioavailability. The aim of the study was to prepare solid lipid particles of Boswellia serrata extract (SLBSP) to enhance the bioavailability of BAs. METHODS The pharmacokinetic profile of BAs was studied in 10 healthy human volunteers following a single oral dose of 333 mg of SLBSP. Pharmacokinetic blood samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 h post drug administration. Plasma KBA and AKBA levels were measured using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetics parameters were estimated using Pheonix WinNonlin (Build 6.4.0.768) software. RESULTS Ten healthy human volunteers were included and peak plasma concentration was achieved in 1.5 and 2.3 h for AKBA and KBA respectively. Maximum plasma concentration (C max) was 8.04 ± 1.67 ng/mL for AKBA and 23.83 ± 4.41 ng/mL for KBA whereas the corresponding area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was 136.7 ± 56.77 ng/mL*h and 165.7 ± 24.5 ng/mL*h respectively. The elimination half-life (t 1/2) of AKBA and KBA was 6.8 ± 3.0 h and 2.45 ± 0.3 h respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SLBSP formulation of BSE showed enhanced oral bioavailability of BAs compared with historically reported data of unformulated BSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti D Kulkarni
- Gahlot Institute of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neena D Damle
- Department of Kaya Chikitsa, DY Patil University, School of Ayurveda, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Minal R Ghante
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy [Kondhwa], S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Anand Patil
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, India
| | - Murari Gurjar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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18
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Al-Harrasi A, Khan AL, Rehman NU, Csuk R. Biosynthetic diversity in triterpene cyclization within the Boswellia genus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 184:112660. [PMID: 33524859 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is not intended to describe the triterpenes isolated from the Boswellia genus, since this information has been covered elsewhere. Instead, the aim is to provide insights into the biosynthesis of triterpenes in Boswellia. This genus, which has 24 species, displays fascinating structural diversity and produces a number of medicinally important triterpenes, particularly boswellic acids. Over 300 volatile components have been reported in the essential oil of Boswellia, and more than 100 diterpenes and triterpenes have been isolated from this genus. Given that no triterpene biosynthetic enzymes have yet been isolated from any members of the Boswellia genus, this review will cover the likely biosynthetic pathways as inferred from structures in nature and the probable types of biosynthetic enzymes based on knowledge of triterpene biosynthesis in other plant species. It highlights the importance of frankincense and the factors and threats affecting its production. It covers triterpene biosynthesis in the genus Boswellia, including dammaranes, tirucallic acids, lupanes, oleananes, ursanes and boswellic acids. Strategies for elucidating triterpene biosynthetic pathways in Boswellia are considered. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms behind wound-induced resin synthesis by the tree and related gene expression profiling are covered. In addition, the influence of the environment and the genotype on the biosynthesis of resin and on variations in the compositions and types of resins will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - René Csuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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19
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Schmiech M, Ulrich J, Lang SJ, Büchele B, Paetz C, St-Gelais A, Syrovets T, Simmet T. 11-Keto-α-Boswellic Acid, a Novel Triterpenoid from Boswellia spp. with Chemotaxonomic Potential and Antitumor Activity against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020366. [PMID: 33445710 PMCID: PMC7828217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Boswellic acids, and particularly 11-keto-boswellic acids, triterpenoids derived from the genus Boswellia (Burseraceae), are known for their anti-inflammatory and potential antitumor efficacy. Although boswellic acids generally occur as α-isomers (oleanane type) and β-isomers (ursane type), 11-keto-boswellic acid (KBA) was found only as the β-isomer, β-KBA. Here, the existence and natural occurrence of the respective α-isomer, 11-keto-α-boswellic acid (α-KBA), is demonstrated for the first time. Initially, α-KBA was synthesized and characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and a highly selective, sensitive, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed by Design of Experiments (DoE) using a pentafluorophenyl stationary phase. This method allowed the selective quantification of individual 11-keto-boswellic acids and provided evidence for α-KBA in Boswellia spp. oleogum resins. The contents of α-KBA as well as further boswellic acids and the composition of essential oils were used to chemotaxonomically classify 41 Boswellia oleogum resins from 9 different species. Moreover, α-KBA exhibited cytotoxicity against three treatment-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines in vitro and also induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 xenografts in vivo. The respective β-isomer and the acetylated form demonstrate higher cytotoxic efficacies against TNBC cells. This provides further insights into the structure-activity relationship of boswellic acids and could support future developments of potential anti-inflammatory and antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmiech
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Judith Ulrich
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Sophia Johanna Lang
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Berthold Büchele
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Christian Paetz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | | | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +49-731-500-65604 (T.S.); +49-731-500-65600 (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.S.); (J.U.); (S.J.L.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +49-731-500-65604 (T.S.); +49-731-500-65600 (T.S.)
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Sharma T, Jana S. A Validated LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of 3-O-Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) and its Active Metabolite Acetyl-11-Hydroxy-β-Boswellic Acid (Ac-11-OH-BA) in Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:485-493. [PMID: 32134105 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new, rapid, sensitive, selective and reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) and its active metabolite 3-O-Acetyl-11-hydroxy-β-boswellic acid (Ac-11-hydroxy-BA) in rat plasma. Both analytes (AKBA and Ac-11-hydroxy-BA) and the internal standard (IS, ursolic acid) were extracted from 100 μL of rat plasma by protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on PRP-H1 RP-C18 column (75 mm × 2 mm, 1.6 μm) using acetonitrile-water (95.5 v/v) as the mobile phase. Mass detection was conducted by electrospray ionization in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. A linear dynamic range of 1-1,000 ng/mL for both AKBA and Ac-11-hydroxy-BA was established with mean correlation coefficient (r (1)) of 0.999. Intra- and inter-day precision (% CV) of analysis were found in the range of 1.9-7.4%. The accuracy determined for these analytes ranged from 92.4 to 107.2%. The extraction recoveries for both analytes ranged from 92.6 to 97.3% for spiked plasma samples and were consistent. The % change in stability samples compared to nominal concentration ranged from 0.4 to 4.2%. This method was successfully tested to a pharmacokinetic (PK) study for estimation of AKBA and acetyl-11-hydroxy-BA in rat plasma following oral administration of AKBA. This method has been validated with the advantage of shorter run time that can be used for high-throughput analysis and has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of AKBA in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Sharma
- Deptartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bhagwant University, Sikar Road, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Snehasis Jana
- Trivedi Science Research Laboratory, Thane-West, Maharashtra, India
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The Effects of Vinegar Processing on the Changes in the Physical Properties of Frankincense Related to the Absorption of the Main Boswellic Acids. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193453. [PMID: 31547594 PMCID: PMC6804284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Boswellic acids (BAs), as the main components of frankincense, exhibit notable anti-inflammatory properties. However, their pharmaceutical development has been severely limited by their poor oral bioavailability. Traditional Chinese medicinal processing, called Pao Zhi, is believed to improve bioavailability, yet the mechanism is still completely unclear. Previous research suggested that the bioavailability of a drug can be influenced by physical properties. This paper was designed to investigate the physical properties of frankincense and processed frankincense, including the surface morphology, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), specific surface area, porosity, and viscosity. The differences in the intestinal absorption characteristics and equilibrium solubilities between frankincense and processed frankincense were determined by an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS) analysis method. The results showed that vinegar processing can alter the surface morphology, decrease the particle size and PDI, raise the absolute values of the ZP, specific surface area and porosity, and drop the viscosity of frankincense. Meanwhile, the rates of absorption and dissolution of the main BAs were increased after the processing of frankincense. The present study proves that the physical properties were changed after processing, in which case the bioavailability of frankincense was enhanced.
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Roy NK, Parama D, Banik K, Bordoloi D, Devi AK, Thakur KK, Padmavathi G, Shakibaei M, Fan L, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. An Update on Pharmacological Potential of Boswellic Acids against Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174101. [PMID: 31443458 PMCID: PMC6747466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds, in recent years, have attracted significant attention for their use in the prevention and treatment of diverse chronic diseases as they are devoid of major toxicities. Boswellic acid (BA), a series of pentacyclic triterpene molecules, is isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and Boswellia carteri. It proved to be one such agent that has exhibited efficacy against various chronic diseases like arthritis, diabetes, asthma, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, etc. The molecular targets attributed to its wide range of biological activities include transcription factors, kinases, enzymes, receptors, growth factors, etc. The present review is an attempt to demonstrate the diverse pharmacological uses of BA, along with its underlying molecular mechanism of action against different ailments. Further, this review also discusses the roadblocks associated with the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of this promising compound and strategies to overcome those limitations for developing it as an effective drug for the clinical management of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nand Kishor Roy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Centre for Translational and Environmental Research(DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Centre for Translational and Environmental Research(DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Centre for Translational and Environmental Research(DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Centre for Translational and Environmental Research(DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Amrita Khwairakpam Devi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Centre for Translational and Environmental Research(DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Centre for Translational and Environmental Research(DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ganesan Padmavathi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Centre for Translational and Environmental Research(DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Lu Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Centre for Translational and Environmental Research(DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Comparative Analysis of Pentacyclic Triterpenic Acid Compositions in Oleogum Resins of Different Boswellia Species and Their In Vitro Cytotoxicity against Treatment-Resistant Human Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112153. [PMID: 31181656 PMCID: PMC6600171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenic acids from oleogum resins of Boswellia species are of considerable therapeutic interest. Yet, their pharmaceutical development is hampered by uncertainties regarding botanical identification and the complexity of triterpenic acid mixtures. Here, a highly sensitive, selective, and accurate method for the simultaneous quantification of eight boswellic and lupeolic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed. The method was applied to the comparative analysis of 41 oleogum resins of the species B. sacra, B. dalzielli, B. papyrifera, B. serrata, B. carterii, B. neglecta, B. rivae, B. frereana, and B. occulta. Multivariate statistical analysis of the data revealed differences in the triterpenic acid composition that could be assigned to distinct Boswellia species and to their geographic growth location. Extracts of the oleogum resins exhibited cytotoxicity against the human, treatment-resistant, metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Extracts from B. sacra were the most potent ones with an average IC50 of 8.3 ± 0.6 µg/mL. The oleogum resin of the B. sacra was further fractionated to enrich different groups of substances. The cytotoxic efficacy against the cancer cells correlates positively with the contents of pentacyclic triterpenic acids in Boswellia extracts.
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24
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Schmiech M, Lang S, Werner K, Schmidt CQ, Syrovets T, Simmet T. Boswellic Acid Composition of Frankincense Dietary Supplements and Correlation to Cytotoxic Efficacy against Treatment‐Resistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.816.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmiech
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical PharmacologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Sophia Lang
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical PharmacologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Katharina Werner
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical PharmacologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Christoph Q Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical PharmacologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical PharmacologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical PharmacologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
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Roe AL, Wilcox R, Price JM, Li L, Dai H, Freeman KM, Friley WW, Herman AG, Black CB, Brouwer KR, Jackson JP. An Evaluation of Potential Inhibition of CYP3A4/5 and CYP2C9 Enzymatic Activity by Boswellia serrata Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2018.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Roe
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rachel Wilcox
- Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, Cedarville, Ohio
| | | | - Lijuan Li
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hong Dai
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio
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26
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Meins J, Behnam D, Abdel-Tawab M. Enhanced absorption of boswellic acids by a micellar solubilized delivery form of Boswellia extract. NFS JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ren P, Ren X, Cheng L, Xu L. Frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils suppress tumor progression through the regulation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:129-137. [PMID: 29115548 PMCID: PMC5783593 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BC (BC), as the most common malignancy in women worldwide, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, chemoresistance and toxicity are the main causes that limit the success of treatment in aggressive BC cases. Thus, there is a vital need to identify and develop novel therapeutic agents. Frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils have been reported to play critical biological activities in cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge whether frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils have any effect on the progression of BC in MCF-7 cells remains unclear. In the present study, we assessed the possible effects of frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils on cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion as well as the possible mechanisms. MCF-7 cells were treated with oils, and associations with BC were investigated. In the present study, we clearly revealed that frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils suppressed cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion in human BC MCF-7 cells. Further data demonstrated that frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils induced apoptosis, but did not affect cell cycle progression. Consistent with the in vitro activities, frankincense essential oil was effective in inhibiting tumor growth and inducing tumor cell apoptosis in a human BC mouse model. In addition, these 3 essential oils modulated the activity of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study indicated that frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils were involved in the progression of BC cells possibly through the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Schmidt C, Loos C, Jin L, Schmiech M, Schmidt CQ, Gaafary ME, Syrovets T, Simmet T. Acetyl-lupeolic acid inhibits Akt signaling and induces apoptosis in chemoresistant prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55147-55161. [PMID: 28903409 PMCID: PMC5589648 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The triterpenoid acetyl-lupeolic acid (ac-LA) isolated from the oleogum resin of Boswellia carterii reduced the viability of a panel of cancer cell lines more efficiently than lupeol. There was no detectable intracellular conversion of ac-LA to lupeol and vice versa. In contrast to docetaxel, ac-LA did not induce selection of treatment-resistant cancer cells. By various parameters including DNA fragmentation, ac-LA was shown to induce apoptosis in androgen-independent PC-3 cells, whereas in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, ac-LA led to cell accumulation in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, but not to apoptosis. In silico docking combined with in vitro kinase assays implied that ac LA potently inhibits Akt mainly by direct binding to the pleckstrin homology domain. Consistently, an Akt1 mutant deficient of the PH domain afforded partial resistance to ac-LA and complete resistance to lupeol and the Akt inhibitor III. Ac-LA inhibited phosphorylation of downstream targets of the Akt signaling pathway, which was followed by inhibition of the mTOR target p70 ribosomal six protein kinase and the nuclear accumulation of p65/NF-κB, β-catenin, and c-myc, as well as loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Ac-LA exhibited antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antitumorigenic effects on PC-3-tumors xenografted either on chick chorioallantoic membranes or in nude mice. Ac-LA exhibited a clearly better safety profile than docetaxel or lupeol during chronic administration in vivo. In contrast to lupeol, ac-LA also inhibited release of vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro and accordingly angiogenesis in vivo. Thus, ac-LA deserves further exploration as a potential new antitumor compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Present address: Rommelag CMO, Sulzbach-Laufen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Loos
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Present address: Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lu Jin
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schmiech
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Q Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Menna El Gaafary
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Present address: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Ammon HPT. Boswellic Acids and Their Role in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 928:291-327. [PMID: 27671822 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Boswellic acids, which are pentacyclic triterpenes belong to the active pharmacological compounds of the oleogum resin of different Boswellia species. In the resin, more than 12 different boswellic acids have been identified but only KBA and AKBA received significant pharmacological interest. Biological Activity: In an extract of the resin of Boswellia species multiple factors are responsible for the final outcome of a therapeutic effect, be it synergistic or antagonistic. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory actions of BAs are caused by different mechanisms of action. They include inhibition of leukotriene synthesis and to a less extend prostaglandin synthesis. Furthermore inhibition of the complement system at the level of conversion of C3 into C3a and C3b. A major target of BAs is the immune system. Here, BEs as well as BAs including KBA and AKBA, have been shown to decrease production of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α which finally are directed to destroy tissues such as cartilage, insulin producing cells, bronchial, intestinal and other tissues. NFĸB is considered to be the target of AKBA. The complex actions of BEs and BAs in inflamed areas may be completed by some effects that are localized behind the inflammatory process as such tissue destruction. In this case, in vitro- and animal studies have shown that BAs and BEs suppress proteolytic activity of cathepsin G, human leucocyte elastase, formation of oxygen radicals and lysosomal enzymes. PHARMACOKINETICS Whereas KBA is absorbed reaching blood levels being close to in vitro IC50, AKBA which is more active in in vitro studies than KBA, but undergoes much less absorption than KBA. However, absorption of both is increased more than twice when taken together with a high-fat meal.Clinical Studies There are a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases which respond to treatment with extracts from the resin of Boswellia species. Though, the number of cases is small in related clinical studies, their results are convincing and supported by the preclinical data. These studies include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, chronic colitis, ulcerative colitis, collagenous colitis, Crohn's disease and bronchial asthma. It can not be expected that there is cure from these diseases but at least improvement of symptoms in about 60-70 % of the cases. Side Effects The number and severity of side effects is extremely low. The most reported complaints are gastrointestinal symptoms. Allergic reactions are rare. And most authors report, that treatment with BEs is well tolerated and the registered side effects in BE- and placebo groups are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P T Ammon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany. .,, Im Kleeacker 30, 72072, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Maděra P, Paschová Z, Ansorgová A, Vrškový B, Lvončík S, Habrová H. Volatile Compounds in Oleo-gum Resin of Socotran Species of Burseraceae. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mannino G, Occhipinti A, Maffei ME. Quantitative Determination of 3-O-Acetyl-11-Keto-βBoswellic Acid (AKBA) and Other Boswellic Acids in Boswellia sacra Flueck (syn. B. carteri Birdw) and Boswellia serrata Roxb. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101329. [PMID: 27782055 PMCID: PMC6273064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Boswellia serrata and Boswellia sacra (syn. B. carteri) are important medicinal plants widely used for their content of bioactive lipophilic triterpenes. The qualitative and quantitative determination of boswellic acids (BAs) is important for their use in dietary supplements aimed to provide a support for osteoarthritic and inflammatory diseases. We used High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-Diode Array Detector (DAD) coupled to ElectroSpray Ionization and tandem Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) for the qualitative and quantitative determination of BAs extracted from the gum resins of B. sacra and B. serrata. Limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and Matrix Effect were assessed in order to validate quantitative data. Here we show that the BAs quantitative determination was 491.20 g·kg−1 d. wt (49%) in B. sacra and 295.25 g·kg−1 d. wt (30%) in B. serrata. Lower percentages of BAs content were obtained when BAs were expressed on the gum resin weight (29% and 16% for B. sacra and B. serrata, respectively). The content of Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) was higher in B. sacra (70.81 g·kg−1 d. wt; 7%) than in B. serrata (7.35 g·kg−1 d. wt; 0.7%). Our results show that any claim of BAs content in either B. sacra or B. serrata gum resins equal to or higher than 70% or AKBA contents of 30% are simply unrealistic or based on a wrong quantitative determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Biosfered S.r.l., Innovation Centre, Academic Spin-Off of the University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin 10135, Italy.
| | - Andrea Occhipinti
- Biosfered S.r.l., Innovation Centre, Academic Spin-Off of the University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin 10135, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin 10135, Italy.
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Biosfered S.r.l., Innovation Centre, Academic Spin-Off of the University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin 10135, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin 10135, Italy.
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Cui Y, Tian X, Ning J, Wang C, Yu Z, Wang Y, Huo X, Jin L, Deng S, Zhang B, Ma X. Metabolic Profile of 3-Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid and 11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid in Human Preparations In Vitro, Species Differences, and Bioactivity Variation. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1273-1288. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abderrazak A, El Hadri K, Bosc E, Blondeau B, Slimane MN, Buchele B, Simmet T, Couchie D, Rouis M. Inhibition of the Inflammasome NLRP3 by Arglabin Attenuates Inflammation, Protects Pancreatic -Cells from Apoptosis, and Prevents Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Development in ApoE2Ki Mice on a Chronic High-Fat Diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 357:487-94. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.232934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Scior T, Verhoff M, Gutierrez-Aztatzi I, Ammon HPT, Laufer S, Werz O. Interference of boswellic acids with the ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:978-86. [PMID: 24512031 DOI: 10.1021/ci400666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Boswellic acids (BAs) possess anti-inflammatory properties in various biological models with similar features to those of glucocorticoids (GCs), such as suppression of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, the molecular mechanism of BAs responsible for their anti-inflammatory features might be attributable to interference with the human glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Due to obvious structural similarities with GCs, we conducted pharmacophore studies as well as molecular docking simulations of BAs as putative ligands at the ligand binding site (LBS) of the GR in distinct functional states. In order to verify receptor binding and functional activation of the GR by BAs, radiometric binding assays as well as GR response element-dependent luciferase reporter assay were performed with dexamethasone (DEX) as a functional positive control. With respect to the observed position of GCs in GR crystal complexes in the active antagonist state, BAs docked in a flipped orientation with estimated binding constants reflecting nanomolar affinities. For validation, DEX and other steroids were successfully redocked into their crystal poses in similar ranges as reported in the literature. In line with the pharmacophore and docking models, the BAs were strong GR binders (radiometric binding assay), albeit none of the BAs activated the GR in the reporter gene assay, when compared to the GC agonist DEX. The flipped scaffolds of all BAs dislodge the known C-11 function from its receiving amino acid (Asn564), which may explain the silencing effects of receptor-bound BAs in the reporter gene assay. Together, our results constitute a compelling example of rigid keys acting in an adaptable lock qualifying as a reversed induced fit mechanism, thereby extending the hitherto published knowledge about molecular target interactions of BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scior
- Department of Pharmacy, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , C.P. 72570 Puebla México
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Li YK, Fan P, Xu YR, Huang Y, Hu QF. Study on Determination of Triterpenoids inChaenomelesby High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Sample Preparation with Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200800200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhang Y, Ning Z, Lu C, Zhao S, Wang J, Liu B, Xu X, Liu Y. Triterpenoid resinous metabolites from the genus Boswellia: pharmacological activities and potential species-identifying properties. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:153. [PMID: 24028654 PMCID: PMC3847453 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The resinous metabolites commonly known as frankincense or olibanum are produced by trees of the genus Boswellia and have attracted increasing popularity in Western countries in the last decade for their various pharmacological activities. This review described the pharmacological specific details mainly on anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-bacterial and apoptosis-regulating activities of individual triterpenoid together with the relevant mechanism. In addition, species-characterizing triterpenic markers with the methods for their detection, bioavailability, safety and other significant properties were reviewed for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Mayer B, Keller F, Syrovets T, Wittau M. Estimation of half-life periods in nonlinear data with fractional polynomials. Stat Methods Med Res 2013; 25:1791-1803. [PMID: 23999890 DOI: 10.1177/0962280213502403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Regression models are frequently used to model the functional relationship between an interesting outcome parameter and one or more potentially relevant explanatory variables. Objectives can be to set up as a prognostic model, for example, or an estimation model for a certain parameter of interest. Determining half-life periods can be viewed as a particular application of such an estimation model. However, specific to these modelling problems is that time-dependent active agent concentrations can be nonlinear. Concurrently, a major limitation to common regression approaches is the assumed linear relation of the investigated variables. Therefore, a more flexible approach is required to handle the problem of finding a model which fits the data adequately. One possibility is the use of fractional polynomials. The application of this modelling approach in a univariate setting is proposed in order to have an appropriate data model which subsequently serves as an estimation model for half-life periods. This estimation model includes Ridders' method which is based on a regula falsi approach, a standard methodology of numerical analysis. The suggested procedure is applied to real data examples of antibiotic tissue concentrations in visceral surgery, nephropharmacology and clinical pharmacology and is furthermore compared to simple approaches of modelling nonlinear data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Frieder Keller
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Germany
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Mathias Wittau
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Germany
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Li Q, Laumonnier Y, Syrovets T, Simmet T. Recruitment of CCR6-expressing Th17 cells by CCL20 secreted from plasmin-stimulated macrophages. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:593-600. [PMID: 23681234 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, monocyte-derived human macrophages were differentiated from buffy coats. Naïve CD4⁺ T-cells enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using anti-CD4 magnetic beads and the autoMACS separation system were polarized under T-helper 17 (Th17)-promoting conditions for 6 days to get Th17 cells. The frequency of Th17 cell differentiation and the expression of C-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CCR6) on Th17 cells were investigated by flow cytometry. Plasmin-triggered induction of macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha/C-C chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) genes in macrophages was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and secreted protein levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Th17 cell migration induced by CCL20 secreted from plasmin-stimulated macrophages was tested in vitro by chemotaxis using a transwell system. These results demonstrate that plasmin triggers the expression of chemokine CCL20 messenger RNA and the release of CCL20 protein in human monocyte-derived macrophages, which critically depend on the proteolytic activity of plasmin and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways. Expression of CCR6 was detected on 87.23 ± 8.6% of Th17 cells in vitro. Similar to chemotaxis triggered by recombinant human CCL20, supernatants collected from plasmin-stimulated macrophage-induced chemotactic migration of Th17 cells, which could be inhibited by an anti-CCL20 neutralizing antibody. These results suggest that plasmin generated in inflamed tissues might elicit production of chemokine CCL20 by human macrophages leading to the recruitment of CCR6 positive Th17 cells to the inflammatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Joint Laboratory of Vascular Biology of Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Morad SAF, Schmid M, Büchele B, Siehl HU, El Gafaary M, Lunov O, Syrovets T, Simmet T. A novel semisynthetic inhibitor of the FRB domain of mammalian target of rapamycin blocks proliferation and triggers apoptosis in chemoresistant prostate cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 83:531-41. [PMID: 23208958 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.081349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cell growth and its uncontrolled activation is a hallmark of cancer. Moreover, mTOR activation has been implicated in the resistance of cancer cells to many anticancer drugs, rendering this pathway a promising pharmacotherapeutic target. Here we explored the capability of a semisynthetic compound to intercept mTOR signaling. We synthesized and chemically characterized a novel, semisynthetic triterpenoid derivative, 3-cinnamoyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (C-KβBA). Its pharmacodynamic effects on mTOR and several other signaling pathways were assessed in a number of prostate and breast cancer cell lines as well as in normal prostate epithelial cells. C-KβBA exhibits specific antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in cancer cell lines in vitro as well as in PC-3 prostate cancer xenografts in vivo. Mechanistically, the compound significantly inhibits the cap-dependent transition machinery, decreases expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E and cyclin D1, and induces G(1) cell-cycle arrest. In contrast to conventional mTOR inhibitors, C-KβBA downregulates the phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase, the major downstream target of mTOR complex 1, without concomitant activation of mTOR complex 2/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways, and independently of protein phosphatase 2A, liver kinase B1/AMP-activated protein kinase/tuberous sclerosis complex, and F12-protein binding. At the molecular level, the compound binds to the FKBP12-rapamycin-binding domain of mTOR with high affinity, thereby competing with the endogenous mTOR activator phosphatidic acid. C-KβBA represents a new type of proapoptotic mTOR inhibitor that, due to its special mechanistic profile, might overcome the therapeutic drawbacks of conventional mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A F Morad
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Hüsch J, Gerbeth K, Fricker G, Setzer C, Zirkel J, Rebmann H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Abdel-Tawab M. Effect of phospholipid-based formulations of Boswellia serrata extract on the solubility, permeability, and absorption of the individual boswellic acid constituents present. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1675-1682. [PMID: 23013292 DOI: 10.1021/np300009w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Boswellia serrata gum resin extracts are used widely for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, very low concentrations in the plasma and brain were observed for the boswellic acids (1-6, the active constituents of B. serrata). The present study investigated the effect of phospholipids alone and in combination with common co-surfactants (e.g., Tween 80, vitamin E-TPGS, pluronic f127) on the solubility of 1-6 in physiologically relevant media and on the permeability in the Caco-2 cell model. Because of the high lipophilicity of 1-6, the permeability experiments were adapted to physiological conditions using modified fasted state simulated intestinal fluid as apical (donor) medium and 4% bovine serum albumin in the basolateral (receiver) compartment. A formulation composed of extract/phospholipid/pluronic f127 (1:1:1 w/w/w) increased the solubility of 1-6 up to 54 times compared with the nonformulated extract and exhibited the highest mass net flux in the permeability tests. The oral administration of this formulation to rats (240 mg/kg) resulted in 26 and 14 times higher plasma levels for 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (1) and acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (2), respectively. In the brain, five times higher levels for 2 compared to the nonformulated extract were determined 8 h after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hüsch
- Central Laboratory of German Pharmacists , Carl-Mannich-Straße 20, 65760 Eschborn, Germany
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Gerbeth K, Hüsch J, Fricker G, Werz O, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Abdel-Tawab M. In vitro metabolism, permeation, and brain availability of six major boswellic acids from Boswellia serrata gum resins. Fitoterapia 2012; 84:99-106. [PMID: 23103296 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Boswellia serrata gum resin extracts (BSE) revealed potent anti-inflammatory actions in preclinical and clinical studies. In 2002 BSE was assigned an orphan drug status by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of peritumoral edema. In the past pharmacological effects of BSE were mainly attributed to 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) and 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA). Therefore pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies focused mainly on these two boswellic acids (BAs). However, other BAs, like β-boswellic acid (βBA), might also contribute to the anti-inflammatory actions of BSE. Here, we determined the metabolic stability, permeability and brain availability of six major BAs, that is, KBA, AKBA, βBA, 3-acetyl-β-boswellic acid (AβBA), α-boswellic acid (αBA), and 3-acetyl-α-boswellic acid (AαBA). For permeability studies, the Caco-2 model was adapted to physiological conditions by the addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the basolateral side and the use of modified fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) on the apical side. Under these conditions the four BAs lacking the 11-keto moiety revealed moderate permeability. Furthermore the permeability of AKBA and KBA was improved compared to earlier studies. In contrast to Aα- and AβBA, βBA and αBA were intensively metabolized after incubation with human and rat liver microsomes. Finally, the availability of all six major BAs could be confirmed in rat brain 8h after oral administration of 240mg/kg BSE to rats showing mean concentrations of 11.6ng/g for KBA, 37.5ng/g for AKBA, 485.1ng/g for αBA, 1066.6ng/g for βBA, 43.0ng/g for AαBA and 163.7ng/g for AβBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Gerbeth
- Central Laboratory of German Pharmacists, Carl-Mannich Strasse 20, D-65760 Eschborn, Germany
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45
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Hüsch J, Bohnet J, Fricker G, Skarke C, Artaria C, Appendino G, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Abdel-Tawab M. Enhanced absorption of boswellic acids by a lecithin delivery form (Phytosome(®)) of Boswellia extract. Fitoterapia 2012; 84:89-98. [PMID: 23092618 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory potential of Boswellia serrata gum resin extracts has been demonstrated in vitro and in animal studies as well as in pilot clinical trials. However, pharmacokinetic studies have evidenced low systemic absorption of boswellic acids (BAs), especially of KBA and AKBA, in rodents and humans. This observation has provided a rationale to improve the formulation of Boswellia extract. We present here the results of a murine comparative bioavailability study of Casperome™, a soy lecithin formulation of standardized B. serrata gum resin extract (BE), and its corresponding non-formulated extract. The concentration of the six major BAs [11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA), acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), β-boswellic acid (βBA), acetyl-β-boswellic acid (AβBA), α-boswellic acid (αBA), and acetyl-α-boswellic acid (AαBA)] was evaluated in the plasma and in a series of tissues (brain, muscle, eye, liver and kidney), providing the first data on tissue distribution of BAs. Weight equivalent and equimolar oral administration of Casperome™ provided significantly higher plasma levels (up to 7-fold for KBA, and 3-fold for βBA quantified as area under the plasma concentration time curve, AUC(last)) compared to the non-formulated extract. This was accompanied by remarkably higher tissue levels. Of particular relevance was the marked increase in brain concentration of KBA and AKBA (35-fold) as well as βBA (3-fold) following Casperome™ administration. Notably, up to 17 times higher BA levels were observed in poorly vascularized organs such as the eye. The increased systemic availability of BAs and the improved tissue distribution, qualify Casperome™ for further clinical development to fully exploit the clinical potential of BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hüsch
- Central Laboratory of German Pharmacists, Carl-Mannich-Str. 20, 65760 Eschborn, Germany
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Chen G, Li J, Song C, Suo Y, You J. A sensitive and efficient method for simultaneous trace detection and identification of triterpene acids and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Talanta 2012; 98:101-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Aksamija A, Mathe C, Vieillescazes C. LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TRITERPENIC RESINS AFTER DERIVATIZATION WITH DANSYL CHLORIDE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.619032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amra Aksamija
- a Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Laboratoire Chimie appliquée à l'Art et à l'Archéologie, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies , Avignon , France
| | - Carole Mathe
- a Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Laboratoire Chimie appliquée à l'Art et à l'Archéologie, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies , Avignon , France
| | - Cathy Vieillescazes
- a Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Laboratoire Chimie appliquée à l'Art et à l'Archéologie, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies , Avignon , France
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Determination of major boswellic acids in plasma by high-pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:998-1005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Raja AF, Ali F, Khan IA, Shawl AS, Arora DS. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA); targeting oral cavity pathogens. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:406. [PMID: 21992439 PMCID: PMC3201914 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boswellic acids mixture of triterpenic acids obtained from the oleo gum resin of Boswellia serrata and known for its effectiveness in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease including peritumor edema. Boswellic acids have been extensively studied for a number of activities including anti inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The present study describes the antimicrobial activities of boswellic acid molecules against oral cavity pathogens. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), which exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity, was further evaluated in time kill studies, mutation prevention frequency, postantibiotic effect (PAE) and biofilm susceptibility assay against oral cavity pathogens. FINDINGS AKBA exhibited an inhibitory effect on all the oral cavity pathogens tested (MIC of 2-4 μg/ml). It exhibited concentration dependent killing of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 up to 8 × MIC and also prevented the emergence of mutants of S.mutans ATCC 25175 at 8× MIC. AKBA demonstrated postantibiotic effect (PAE) of 5.7 ± 0.1 h at 2 × MIC. Furthermore, AKBA inhibited the formation of biofilms generated by S.mutans and Actinomyces viscosus and also reduced the preformed biofilms by these bacteria. CONCLUSIONS AKBA can be useful compound for the development of antibacterial agent against oral pathogens and it has great potential for use in mouthwash for preventing and treating oral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alsaba F Raja
- Microbiology Unit, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Sanatnagar, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Furqan Ali
- Clinical Microbiology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Inshad A Khan
- Clinical Microbiology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Abdul S Shawl
- Microbiology Unit, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Sanatnagar, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Daljit S Arora
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar Punjab, 143005, India
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Henkel A, Kather N, Mönch B, Northoff H, Jauch J, Werz O. Boswellic acids from frankincense inhibit lipopolysaccharide functionality through direct molecular interference. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 83:115-21. [PMID: 22001311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic extracts of gum resins of Boswellia species (BSE) are used in folk medicine to treat various inflammatory disorders and infections. The molecular background of the beneficial pharmacological effects of such extracts is still unclear. Various boswellic acids (BAs) have been identified as abundant bioactive ingredients of BSE. Here we report the identification of defined BAs as direct inhibitors of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) functionality and LPS-induced cellular responses. In pull-down experiments, LPS could be precipitated using an immobilized BA, implying direct molecular interactions. Binding of BAs to LPS leads to an inhibition of LPS activity which was observed in vitro using a modified limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. Analysis of different BAs revealed clear structure-activity relationships with the classical β-BA as most potent derivative (IC(50)=1.8 μM). In RAW264.7 cells, LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, EC 1.14.13.39) was selectively inhibited by those BAs that interfered with LPS activity. In contrast, interferon-γ-induced iNOS induction was not affected by BAs. We conclude that structurally defined BAs are LPS inhibiting agents and we suggest that β-BA may contribute to the observed anti-inflammatory effects of BSE during infections by suppressing LPS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Henkel
- Department for Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tuebingen, Germany.
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