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Chen Y, Du H, Wang X, Li B, Chen X, Yang X, Zhao C, Zhao J. ANGPTL4 May Regulate the Crosstalk Between Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Combined Analysis of Bioinformatics and Rat Models. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6361-6384. [PMID: 38161353 PMCID: PMC10757813 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s426439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The crosstalk between intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been investigated. However, the common mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not been clearly elucidated. This study aimed to explore the shared gene signatures of IVDD and T2DM. Methods The expression profiles of IVDD (GSE27494) and T2DM (GSE20966) were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Five hub genes including ANGPTL4, CCL2, CCN3, THBS2, and INHBA were preliminarily screened. GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment analysis, functional correlation analysis, immune filtration, Transcription factors (TFs)-mRNA-miRNA coregulatory network, and potential drugs prediction were performed following the identification of hub genes. RNA sequencing, in vivo and in vitro experiments on rats were further performed to validate the expression and function of the target gene. Results Five hub genes (ANGPTL4, CCL2, CCN3, THBS2, and INHBA) were identified. GO analysis demonstrated the regulation of the immune system, extracellular matrix (ECM), and SMAD protein signal transduction. There was a strong correlation between hub genes and different functions, including lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and ECM degradation. The immune filtration pattern grouped by disease and the expression of hub genes showed significant changes in the immune cell composition. TFs-mRNA-miRNA co-expression networks were constructed. In addition, pepstatin showed great drug-targeting relevance based on potential drugs prediction of hub genes. ANGPTL4, a gene that mediates the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity, was eventually determined after hub gene screening, validation by different datasets, RNA sequencing, and experiments. Discussion This study screened five hub genes and ANGPTL4 was eventually determined as a potential target for the regulation of the crosstalk in patients with IVDD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baixing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuzhuo Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
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Song F, Akonyani ZP, Li Y, Su D, Wu L, Pang Y, Hu S, Wu D, Li C, Yang D, Wu J. The impact of different feeds on DNA methylation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis signaling pathway, and gene expression of sheep muscle. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13455. [PMID: 35642195 PMCID: PMC9148555 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic regulatory form that regulates gene expression and tissue development. This study compared the effects of high fiber, low protein (HFLP) and low fiber, high protein (LFHP) diets on the DNA methylation profile of twin lambs' muscles, their effect on glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and related pathways by transcriptome and deep whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). Results identified 1,945 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 1,471 differentially methylated genes (DMGs). Also, 487 differentially expressed transcripts belonging to 368 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered between the twin lambs under different diets. Eleven overlapped genes were detected between the DEGs and the DMGs. FKBP5 and FOXO1 were detected to be significantly different. The FOXO1 regulated cAMP and the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways. The glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the FOXO pathways were significantly enriched. The expressions of HOMER1 and FOXO1 in the HFLP group were significantly higher than those in the LFHP group. There is a significant correlation between the upregulated gene expression and hypomethylation of HOMER1 and FOXO1 gene in HFLP group. The results showed that FOXO1 induces PDK4 expression in muscle while regulating FKBP5 activity, which stimulates glucose production by activating specific gluconeogenesis target genes. The FOXO1 was able to regulate the glucose metabolism, the cAMP and the occurrence of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways. This study showed that feed type can affect the methylation levels of the glycolysis related gluconeogenesis genes and interaction pathways, providing new ideas for a better understanding of the regulation of muscle energy metabolism and feed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | | | - Ying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Deqiqige Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lantuya Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Sile Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dubala Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ding Yang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jianghong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Transcriptome analysis from muscle biopsy tissues in late-onset myopathies identifies potential biomarkers correlating to muscle pathology. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:643-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Matia-Garcia I, Vadillo E, Pelayo R, Muñoz-Valle JF, García-Chagollán M, Loaeza-Loaeza J, Vences-Velázquez A, Salgado-Goytia L, García-Arellano S, Parra-Rojas I. Th1/Th2 Balance in Young Subjects: Relationship with Cytokine Levels and Metabolic Profile. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6587-6600. [PMID: 34908860 PMCID: PMC8664383 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s342545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aim to identify Th1 and Th2 cell clusters in young subjects, including their clinical and metabolic characteristics and the Th1/Th2 balance. Patients and Methods A total of 100 participants were included. The frequencies of Th1 and Th2 cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Serum C-reactive protein was measured using a turbidimetric assay, and insulin levels were quantified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating cytokine levels were analyzed using a multiplex system. Results A cluster analysis was performed to determine the Th1/Th2 balance in a group of young people, and 3 clusters were formed with the following characteristics: 1) subjects with a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia (38%), dyslipidemia (38–75%), and insulin resistance (50%), as well as a higher percentage of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 ratio, including elevated IFN-ɣ levels; 2) subjects with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia (23%) and insulin resistance (15.4%), but a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (8–85%) with a predominance of Th2 cells, and lower Th1/Th2 ratio; 3) subjects with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia (6%), insulin resistance (41%), and dyslipidemia (10–63%), as well as a balance of Th1 and Th2 cells and lower Th1/Th2 ratio, including low IFN-ɣ levels. Positive correlations between Th1 cells with IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-1β and between Th2 cells with IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 were found (p < 0.05). A significant increase in Th1 cells was observed in the presence of hyperglycemia and high LDL-C levels, as well as increased Th2 cells in the absence of abdominal obesity and high blood pressure, including low HDL-C levels. The Th1/Th2 ratio was higher in the group with high cardiometabolic risk (p = 0.03). Conclusion Th1/Th2 balance is related to metabolic abnormalities that may occur in young population, and thus the timely identification of different phenotypes may help predict an increased cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Matia-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Atlixco, Puebla, México
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mariel García-Chagollán
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jaqueline Loaeza-Loaeza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Amalia Vences-Velázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Lorenzo Salgado-Goytia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Samuel García-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
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Maternal High-Fat Feeding Affects the Liver and Thymus Metabolic Axis in the Offspring and Some Effects Are Attenuated by Maternal Diet Normalization in a Minipig Model. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120800. [PMID: 34940559 PMCID: PMC8703533 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) affects metabolic and immune development. We aimed to characterize the effects of maternal HFD, and the subsequent diet-normalization of the mothers during a second pregnancy, on the liver and thymus metabolism in their offspring, in minipigs. Offspring born to high-fat (HFD) and normal diet (ND) fed mothers were studied at week 1 and months 1, 6, 12 of life. Liver and thymus glucose uptake (GU) was measured with positron emission tomography during hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemia. Histological analyses were performed to quantify liver steatosis, inflammation, and hepatic hematopoietic niches (HHN), and thymocyte size and density in a subset. The protocol was repeated after maternal-diet-normalization in the HFD group. At one week, HFDoff were characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, severe insulin resistance (IR), and high liver and thymus GU, associating with thymocyte size and density, with elevated weight-gain, liver IR, and steatosis in the first 6 months of life. Maternal diet normalization reversed thymus and liver hypermetabolism, and increased HHN at one week. It also normalized systemic insulin-sensitivity and liver fat content at all ages. Instead, weight-gain excess, hyperglycemia, and hepatic IR were still observed at 1 month, i.e., end-lactation. We conclude that intra-uterine HFD exposure leads to time-changing metabolic and immune-correlated abnormalities. Maternal diet-normalization reversed most of the effects in the offspring.
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Sultan S, Ahmed F, Bajouh O, Schulten HJ, Bagatian N, Al-Dayini R, Subhi O, Karim S, Almalki S. Alterations of transcriptome expression, cell cycle, and mitochondrial superoxide reveal foetal endothelial dysfunction in Saudi women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Endocr J 2021; 68:1067-1079. [PMID: 33867398 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects one in four Saudi women and is associated with high risks of cardiovascular diseases in both the mother and foetus. It is believed that endothelial cells (ECs) dysfunction initiates these diabetic complications. In this study, differences in the transcriptome profiles, cell cycle distribution, and mitochondrial superoxide (MTS) between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from GDM patients and those from healthy (control) subjects were analysed. Transcriptome profiles were generated using high-density expression microarray. The selected four altered genes were validated using qRT-PCR. MTS and cell cycle were analysed by flow cytometry. A total of 84 altered genes were identified, comprising 52 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes in GDM.HUVECs. Our selection of the four interested altered genes (TGFB2, KITLG, NEK7, and IGFBP5) was based on the functional network analysis, which revealed that these altered genes are belonging to the highest enrichment score associated with cellular function and proliferation; all of which may contribute to ECs dysfunction. The cell cycle revealed an increased percentage of cells in the G2/M phase in GDM.HUVECs, indicating cell cycle arrest. In addition, we found that GDM.HUVECs had increased MTS generation. In conclusion, GDM induces persistent impairment of the biological functions of foetal ECs, as evidenced by analyses of transcriptome profiles, cell cycle, and MTS even after ECs culture in vitro for several passages under normal glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sultan
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Bajouh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Bagatian
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Al-Dayini
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Subhi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultanah Almalki
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Yoo JE, Kim D, Han K, Rhee SY, Shin DW, Lee H. Diabetes Status and Association With Risk of Tuberculosis Among Korean Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2126099. [PMID: 34546370 PMCID: PMC8456384 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.26099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The risk of tuberculosis (TB) associated with diabetes status, considering impaired fasting glucose or duration of diabetes, has not been well established. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of diabetes status with the development of TB in the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance System database. Adult participants without a history of TB who underwent a health screening in 2009 were included. Eligible participants were followed up for incident TB cases from 1 year after the day of health screening until December 31, 2018. Data analysis was performed from September 2019 to September 2020. EXPOSURES Five levels of diabetes status were evaluated: normal glucose, impaired fasting glucose (considered as without diabetes), new-onset diabetes, diabetes duration less than 5 years, and diabetes duration 5 years or longer (considered as having diabetes). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Newly diagnosed TB. RESULTS Among 4 423 177 participants, the mean (SD) age was 46.5 (13.9) years, and there were 2 597 142 men (58.7%). A total of 26 458 participants (0.6%) received a diagnosis of TB within a median (interquartile range) of 8.3 (8.1-8.6) years of follow-up. An increased risk of TB was observed in participants with diabetes compared with those without diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.42-1.53). Although participants with impaired fasting glucose did not show an increased risk of TB incidence (aHR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.93-1.01), the risk of TB incidence increased with diabetes duration (new-onset diabetes, aHR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.23-1.42; diabetes duration <5 years, aHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.36-1.54; diabetes duration ≥5 years, aHR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.48-1.66). Among participants with new-onset diabetes, compared with those in the lowest decile (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] level ≥126 but <128 mg/dL), the risk of TB was significantly increased for those in the highest decile (FPG level ≥202 mg/dL, aHR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.42-2.26). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that longer diabetes duration is associated with development of TB, showing a dose-response association. Among participants with new-onset diabetes, incident TB was more common among those with FPG levels greater than or equal to 202 mg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Supportive Care Center, Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sousa L, Guarda M, Meneses MJ, Macedo MP, Vicente Miranda H. Insulin-degrading enzyme: an ally against metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. J Pathol 2021; 255:346-361. [PMID: 34396529 DOI: 10.1002/path.5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) function goes far beyond its known proteolytic role as a regulator of insulin levels. IDE has a wide substrate promiscuity, degrading several proteins such as amyloid-β peptide, glucagon, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and insulin-like growth factors, that have diverse physiological and pathophysiological functions. Importantly, IDE plays other non-proteolytical functions such as a chaperone/dead-end chaperone, an E1-ubiquitin activating enzyme, and a proteasome modulator. It also responds as a heat shock protein, regulating cellular proteostasis. Notably, amyloidogenic proteins such as IAPP, amyloid-β and α-synuclein have been reported as substrates for IDE chaperone activity. This is of utmost importance as failure of IDE may result in increased protein aggregation, a key hallmark in the pathogenesis of beta cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus and of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we focus on the biochemical and biophysical properties of IDE and the regulation of its physiological functions. We further raise the hypothesis that IDE plays a central role in the pathological context of dysmetabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Sousa
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Guarda
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Meneses
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal.,APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Paula Macedo
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal.,APDP-Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina - iBiMED, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Vicente Miranda
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
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Comparative analysis of the transcriptome of T2DM Bama mini-pigs with T2DM patients. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-00981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Esakov E, Nandedkar-Kulkarni N, Al-Dieri AG, Hafner H, Gregg B, McInerney MF. Islet Dysfunction in a Novel Transgenic Model of T Cell Insulitis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040552. [PMID: 33918805 PMCID: PMC8070091 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly established CD3FLAG-mIR transgenic mouse model on a C57Bl/6 background has a FLAG tag on the mouse Insulin Receptor (mIR), specifically on T cells, as the FLAG-tagged mIR gene was engineered behind CD3 promoter and enhancer. The IR is a chemotactic molecule for insulin and the Flag-tagged mIR T cells in the BL/6-CD3FLAGmIR transgenic mice can migrate into the pancreas, as shown by immunofluorescent staining. While the transgenic mice do not become diabetic, there are phenotypic and metabolic changes in the islets. The transgenic islets become enlarged and disorganized by 15 weeks and those phenotypes continue out to 35 weeks of age. We examined the islets by RT-PCR for cell markers, ER stress markers, beta cell proliferation markers, and cytokines, as well as measuring serum insulin and insulin content in the pancreas at 15, 25, and 35 weeks of age. In transgenic mice, insulin in serum was increased at 15 weeks of age and glucose intolerance developed by 25 weeks of age. Passage of transgenic spleen cells into C57Bl/6 RAG−/− mice resulted in enlarged and disorganized islets with T infiltration by 4 to 5 weeks post-transfer, replicating the transgenic mouse studies. Therefore, migration of non-antigen-specific T cells into islets has ramifications for islet organization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Esakov
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (E.E.); (N.N.-K.); (A.G.A.-D.)
| | - Neha Nandedkar-Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (E.E.); (N.N.-K.); (A.G.A.-D.)
| | - Ali G. Al-Dieri
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (E.E.); (N.N.-K.); (A.G.A.-D.)
| | - Hannah Hafner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.H.); (B.G.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcia F. McInerney
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (E.E.); (N.N.-K.); (A.G.A.-D.)
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-517-3638
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Molecular pathways behind acquired obesity: Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle multiomics in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for BMI. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100226. [PMID: 33948567 PMCID: PMC8080113 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-specific mechanisms prompting obesity-related development complications in humans remain unclear. We apply multiomics analyses of subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle to examine the effects of acquired obesity among 49 BMI-discordant monozygotic twin pairs. Overall, adipose tissue appears to be more affected by excess body weight than skeletal muscle. In heavier co-twins, we observe a transcriptional pattern of downregulated mitochondrial pathways in both tissues and upregulated inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue. In adipose tissue, heavier co-twins exhibit lower creatine levels; in skeletal muscle, glycolysis- and redox stress-related protein and metabolite levels remain higher. Furthermore, metabolomics analyses in both tissues reveal that several proinflammatory lipids are higher and six of the same lipid derivatives are lower in acquired obesity. Finally, in adipose tissue, but not in skeletal muscle, mitochondrial downregulation and upregulated inflammation are associated with a fatty liver, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, suggesting that adipose tissue dominates in acquired obesity. Multiomics analyses of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in BMI-discordant twins Excess body weight downregulates mitochondrial pathways in both tissues Excess body weight upregulates proinflammatory pathways in both tissues Adipose tissue alterations are associated with metabolic health in acquired obesity
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Giese IM, Schilloks MC, Degroote RL, Weigand M, Renner S, Wolf E, Hauck SM, Deeg CA. Chronic Hyperglycemia Drives Functional Impairment of Lymphocytes in Diabetic INSC94Y Transgenic Pigs. Front Immunol 2021; 11:607473. [PMID: 33552065 PMCID: PMC7862560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
People with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk for infections, however, there is still a critical gap in precise knowledge about altered immune mechanisms in this disease. Since diabetic INSC94Y transgenic pigs exhibit elevated blood glucose and a stable diabetic phenotype soon after birth, they provide a favorable model to explore functional alterations of immune cells in an early stage of diabetes mellitus in vivo. Hence, we investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of these diabetic pigs compared to non-diabetic wild-type littermates. We found a 5-fold decreased proliferative response of T cells in INSC94Y tg pigs to polyclonal T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Using label-free LC-MS/MS, a total of 3,487 proteins were quantified, and distinct changes in protein abundances in CD4+ T cells of early-stage diabetic pigs were detectable. Additionally, we found significant increases in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and higher basal glycolytic activity in PBMC of diabetic INSC94Y tg pigs, indicating an altered metabolic immune cell phenotype. Thus, our study provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of dysregulated immune cells triggered by permanent hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella-Maria Giese
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Roxane L. Degroote
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Weigand
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Renner
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia A. Deeg
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Mohammad S, Aziz R, Al Mahri S, Malik SS, Haji E, Khan AH, Khatlani TS, Bouchama A. Obesity and COVID-19: what makes obese host so vulnerable? IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:1. [PMID: 33390183 PMCID: PMC7779330 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The disease (COVID-19) novel coronavirus pandemic has so far infected millions resulting in the death of over a million people as of Oct 2020. More than 90% of those infected with COVID-19 show mild or no symptoms but the rest of the infected cases show severe symptoms resulting in significant mortality. Age has emerged as a major factor to predict the severity of the disease and mortality rates are significantly higher in elderly patients. Besides, patients with underlying conditions like Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and cancer have an increased risk of severe disease and death due to COVID-19 infection. Obesity has emerged as a novel risk factor for hospitalization and death due to COVID-19. Several independent studies have observed that people with obesity are at a greater risk of severe disease and death due to COVID-19. Here we review the published data related to obesity and overweight to assess the possible risk and outcome in Covid-19 patients based on their body weight. Besides, we explore how the obese host provides a unique microenvironment for disease pathogenesis, resulting in increased severity of the disease and poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Mohammad
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences-MNGHA, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rafia Aziz
- Government Medical College Baramulla, Baramulla, Kashmir, India
| | - Saeed Al Mahri
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences-MNGHA, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuja Shafi Malik
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences-MNGHA, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa Haji
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences-MNGHA, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf Husain Khan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences-MNGHA, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanvir Saleem Khatlani
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Stem Cells Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences--MNGHA, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abderrezak Bouchama
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences-MNGHA, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
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Ganesan K, Habboush Y, Dagogo-Jack S. Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting: Impact on Glycemic Control in People With Diabetes. Diabetes Spectr 2020; 33:143-148. [PMID: 32425451 PMCID: PMC7228814 DOI: 10.2337/ds19-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting has been suggested as an option for managing overweight and obesity. The purpose of this article is to present a balanced review of the practice of intermittent fasting and its impact on glycemic control in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Ganesan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Samuel Dagogo-Jack
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
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Wang L, Tan N, Wang H, Hu J, Diwu W, Wang X. A systematic analysis of natural α-glucosidase inhibitors from flavonoids of Radix scutellariae using ultrafiltration UPLC-TripleTOF-MS/MS and network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:72. [PMID: 32143602 PMCID: PMC7076893 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids from plant medicines are supposed to be viable alternatives for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) as less toxicity and side effects. Radix scutellariae (RS) is a widely used traditional medicine in Asia. It has shown great potential in the research of T2D. However, the pharmacological actions remain obscured due to the complex chemical nature of plant medicines. METHODS In the present study, a systematic method combining ultrafiltration UPLC-TripleTOF-MS/MS and network pharmacology was developed to screen α-glucosidase inhibitors from flavonoids of RS, and explore the underlying mechanism for the treatment of T2D. RESULTS The n-butanol part of ethanol extract from RS showed a strong α-glucosidase inhibition activity (90.55%, IC50 0.551 mg/mL) against positive control acarbose (90.59%, IC50 1.079 mg/mL). A total of 32 kinds of flavonoids were identified from the extract, and their ESI-MS/MS behaviors were elucidated. Thirteen compounds were screened as α-glucosidase inhibitors, including viscidulin III, 2',3,5,6',7-pentahydroxyflavanone, and so on. A compound-target-pathway (CTP) network was constructed by integrating these α-glucosidase inhibitors, target proteins, and related pathways. This network exhibited an uneven distribution and approximate scale-free property. Chrysin (k = 87), 5,8,2'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (k = 21) and wogonin (k = 20) were selected as the main active constituents with much higher degree values. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) weighted network was built for target proteins of these α-glucosidase inhibitors and drug targets of T2D. PPARG (Cd = 0.165, Cb = 0.232, Cc = 0.401), ACACB (Cd = 0.155, Cb = 0.184, Cc = 0.318), NFKB1 (Cd = 0.233, Cb = 0.161, Cc = 0.431), and PGH2 (Cd = 0.194, Cb = 0.157, Cc = 0.427) exhibited as key targets with the highest scores of centrality indices. Furthermore, a core subnetwork was extracted from the CTP and PPI weighted network. Type II diabetes mellitus (hsa04930) and PPAR signaling pathway (hsa03320) were confirmed as the critical pathways. CONCLUSIONS These results improved current understanding of natural flavonoids on the treatment of T2D. The combination of ultrafiltration UPLC-TripleTOF-MS/MS and network pharmacology provides a novel strategy for the research of plant medicines and complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, High-tech Avenue 1#, Baoji, 721013 China
| | - Nana Tan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, High-tech Avenue 1#, Baoji, 721013 China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013 China
| | - Jingbo Hu
- College of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013 China
- Department of Physics, Center for Nonlinear Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Wenbo Diwu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, High-tech Avenue 1#, Baoji, 721013 China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, High-tech Avenue 1#, Baoji, 721013 China
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Chen T, Chen H, Xiao H, Tang H, Xiang Z, Wang X, Wang X, Zou H. Comparison of the Value of Neutrophil to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Lymphocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome Among a Population in the Southern Coast of China. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:597-605. [PMID: 32184639 PMCID: PMC7053653 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s238990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff values and evaluate the associations of neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) and lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR) with metabolic syndrome (MetS), stratified by sex. METHODS A large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1401 adults from January to April 2018 in six communities in Wanzhai Town, Zhuhai City, on the southern coast of China. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses and logistic regression analysis were conducted to assess the optimal cutoff and value of NHR and LHR for predicting MetS. RESULTS Hematological parameters showed the correlation with the occurrence of MetS (red blood cells, hemoglobin, and white blood cells and subtypes). Binomial logistic regression analysis found that LHR (OR: 3.671; 95% CI: 2.385-5.651; p<0.001) and NHR (OR: 1.728; 95% CI: 1.353-2.207; p<0.001) can predict MetS in females, independent of confounding factors. Although LHR (OR: 1.571; 95% CI: 1.001-2.468; p=0.05) and NHR (OR: 1.163; 95% CI: 0.909-1.48; p<0.01) were independent risk factors for MetS in males after adjustment for age, current smoking, current alcohol use, physical activity, educational attainment, waist circumference, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), when further adjusted for fasting plasma glucose level, LHR and NHR, both lost their independence. ROC curves showed that LHR had the highest AUC for predicting MetS in females and NHR had the highest AUC in males. The cutoff points of LHR and NHR were 1.36 and 2.31 in females, and 1.96 and 3.38 in males. CONCLUSION LHR and NHR may become valuable makers and have strong predictive power for predicting MetS, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haishan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhicong Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hequn Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hequn Zou Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China Email
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Yang N, Yu L, Deng Y, Han Q, Wang J, Yu L, Zhai Z, Li W. Identification and characterization of proteins that are differentially expressed in adipose tissue of olanzapine-induced insulin resistance rat by iTRAQ quantitative proteomics. J Proteomics 2019; 212:103570. [PMID: 31706944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine is commonly used to treat schizophrenia. However, long-term administration of olanzapine causes metabolic side effects, such as insulin resistance (IR), which seriously affects patients' quality of life. Both diagnostic and prognostic markers are urgently needed to increase patient compliance. We applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling combined with 2D LC/MS/MS technology to identify the differentially expressed proteins in olanzapine-induced IR rats. A total of 3194 proteins were identified from rat adipose tissues, and 270 differentially expressed proteins were screened out with a ratio threshold >1.5-fold or <0.67-fold. Based on a bioinformatics analysis and literature search, we selected six candidates (MYH1, MYL2, Cp, FABP4, apoA-IV, and Ywhaz) from a set of 270 proteins and verified these proteins by western blot; the expression of these proteins coincided with the LC-MS/MS results. Finally, the biological roles of FABP4 and apoA-IV, which are two novel IR-related proteins identified in the present study, were verified in 3T3-L1 cells. These data suggest that these two proteins acted on olanzapine-induced IR via the IRS-1/AKT signaling pathway. Our results provide a dataset of potential targets to explore the mechanism in olanzapine-induced IR and reveal the new roles of FABP4 and apoA-IV in olanzapine-induced IR. SIGNIFICANCE: The proteomic analysis of this study revealed the target associated with olanzapine-induced IR and provided relevant insights into the molecular functions, biological processes, and signaling pathways in these targets. Protein MYH1, MYL2, Cp, FABP4, apoA-IV, and Ywhaz may be potential biomarkers, and protein FABP4 and apoA-IV were considered as promising targets in olanzapineinduced IR. Therefore, if the performance of the proposed biomarkers is further confirmed, these proteins can provide powerful targets for exploring the mechanism of olanzapine-induced IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangyu Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahui Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Han
- Building B5, Biolake, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixiu Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongfang Zhai
- Shanghai City shanghai general hospital, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Kikuchi T, Nakae J, Kawano Y, Watanabe N, Onodera M, Itoh H. Foxo in T Cells Regulates Thermogenic Program through Ccr4/Ccl22 Axis. iScience 2019; 22:81-96. [PMID: 31756626 PMCID: PMC6880116 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between immunity and the thermogenic program has provided insight into metabolic energy regulation. Here, we generated thermogenic program-accelerating mice (T-QKO), in which Foxo1 is knockout and Foxo3 is hetero-knockout in CD4+ T cells. T-QKO exhibit lean phenotype under HFD due to increased energy expenditure. Cold exposure significantly increased expression of the thermogenic genes (Ppargc1a and Ucp1), Th2 cytokines (Il4 and Il13), and Th2 marker gene (Gata3) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SC) of T-QKO. Furthermore, Ccr4 expression was significantly increased in Th2 cells of T-QKO, and cold exposure induced Ccl22 expression in SC, leading to increased accumulation of Th2 cell population in SC of T-QKO. These data reveal a mechanism by which cold exposure induces selective recruitment of Th2 cells into SC, leading to regulation of energy expenditure by generating beige adipocyte and suggest that inhibition of Foxo in T cells may support a strategy to prevent and treat obesity. T-QKO increases Gata3 and Ccr4 expression in CD4+ T cells Cold exposure increases Ccl22 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue Cold exposure increases SC-specific recruitment of Th2 cells in T-QKO Recruited Th2 cells secrete IL-4 and IL-13 and increase beiging of adipocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kikuchi
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Nakae
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita 286-8686, Japan.
| | - Yoshinaga Kawano
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Watanabe
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Masafumi Onodera
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Choi H, Koh HWL, Zhou L, Cheng H, Loh TP, Parvaresh Rizi E, Toh SA, Ronnett GV, Huang BE, Khoo CM. Plasma Protein and MicroRNA Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance: A Network-Based Integrative -Omics Analysis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:379. [PMID: 31024340 PMCID: PMC6460474 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although insulin resistance (IR) is a key pathophysiologic condition underlying various metabolic disorders, impaired cellular glucose uptake is one of many manifestations of metabolic derangements in the human body. To study the systems-wide molecular changes associated with obesity-dependent IR, we integrated information on plasma proteins and microRNAs in eight obese insulin-resistant (OIR, HOMA-IR > 2.5) and nine lean insulin-sensitive (LIS, HOMA-IR < 1.0) normoglycemic males. Of 374 circulating miRNAs we profiled, 65 species increased and 73 species decreased in the OIR compared to the LIS subjects, suggesting that the overall balance of the miRNA secretome is shifted in the OIR subjects. We also observed that 40 plasma proteins increased and 4 plasma proteins decreased in the OIR subjects compared to the LIS subjects, and most proteins are involved in metabolic and endocytic functions. We used an integrative -omics analysis framework called iOmicsPASS to link differentially regulated miRNAs with their target genes on the TargetScan map and the human protein interactome. Combined with tissue of origin information, the integrative analysis allowed us to nominate obesity-dependent and obesity-independent protein markers, along with potential sites of post-transcriptional regulation by some of the miRNAs. We also observed the changes in each -omics platform that are not linked by the TargetScan map, suggesting that proteins and microRNAs provide orthogonal information for the progression of OIR. In summary, our integrative analysis provides a network of elevated plasma markers of OIR and a global shift of microRNA secretome composition in the blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiromi W L Koh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - He Cheng
- MiRXES, Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ehsan Parvaresh Rizi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sue Anne Toh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gabriele V Ronnett
- Janssen Research & Development US, World Without Disease Accelerator, Spring House, NJ, United States
| | - Bevan E Huang
- Janssen Research & Development US, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Yonamine CY, Alves-Wagner AB, Esteves JV, Okamoto MM, Correa-Giannella ML, Giannella-Neto D, Machado UF. Diabetes induces tri-methylation at lysine 9 of histone 3 at Slc2a4 gene in skeletal muscle: A new target to improve glycemic control. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 481:26-34. [PMID: 30528377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the glucose transporter GLUT4, encoded by Slc2a4 gene, is reduced in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D), contributing to glycemic impairment. The present study investigated epigenetic regulations at the Slc2a4 promoter in skeletal muscle of T1D- and T2D-like experimental models. Slc2a4/GLUT4 repression was observed in T1D and T2D and that was reversed by insulin and resveratrol treatments, respectively. In both T1D-like and T2D-like animals, tri-methylation at lysine 9 of histone 3 (H3K9me3) increased in the Slc2a4 enhancer segment, whereas MEF2A/D binding into this segment was reduced; all effects were reversed by respective treatments. This study reveals that increased H3K9me3 in the Slc2a4 promoter enhancer segment contributes to reduce GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle and to worse glycemic control in diabetes, pointing to the H3K9me3 of Slc2a4 promoter as a potential target for development of new approaches for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Y Yonamine
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana B Alves-Wagner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João V Esteves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maristela M Okamoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L Correa-Giannella
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio, LIM-18, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pos-Graduaçao em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Giannella-Neto
- Programa de Pos-Graduaçao em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan F Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Chen H, Xiong C, Shao X, Ning J, Gao P, Xiao H, Chen Y, Zou Z, Hong G, Li X, Shao M, Sheng J, Yang X, You X, Zou H. Lymphocyte To High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio As A New Indicator Of Inflammation And Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2117-2123. [PMID: 31686883 PMCID: PMC6798814 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s219363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is a global public health problem, is a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. This study looked at the changes in hematological parameters and the predictive value of the lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (LHR) as a new index in subjects with and without MetS in coastal cities in southern China. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, there were 852 participants (n = 598 with MetS and n = 254 without MetS). MetS was defined in accordance with the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. RESULTS MetS was positively correlated with white blood cell count, total lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (p<0.05). In addition, there was a positive correlation between LHR and the number of metabolic risk factors for MetS. In a logistic regression analysis, LHR (odds ratio: 4.117; 95% CI: 2.766-6.309; p<0.001) was an independent predictor of MetS. When a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the value of LHR for predicting MetS, the area under the curve yielded a cut-off value of 1.657, with a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 64% (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION In summary, MetS can involve changes in blood parameters, and LHR may be a useful marker of inflammation to assess the presence and severity of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongxiang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peichun Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunying Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziliang Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guobao Hong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieli Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu You
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hequn Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hequn Zou Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, 183 Zhongshan West Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China Email
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Insulin Receptor-Mediated Stimulation Boosts T Cell Immunity during Inflammation and Infection. Cell Metab 2018; 28:922-934.e4. [PMID: 30174303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
T cells represent a critical effector of cell-mediated immunity. Activated T cells engage in metabolic reprogramming during effector differentiation to accommodate dynamic changes in energy demands. Here, we show that the hormone, insulin, and downstream signaling through its insulin receptor shape adaptive immune function through modulating T cell metabolism. T cells lacking insulin receptor expression (LckCre+ Insrfl/fl) show reduced antigen-specific proliferation and compromised production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, T cell-specific insulin receptor deficiency reduces T cell-driven colonic inflammation. In a model of severe influenza infection with A/PR8 (H1N1), lack of insulin receptor on T cells curtails antigen-specific immunity to influenza viral antigens. Mechanistically, insulin receptor signaling reinforces a metabolic program that supports T cell nutrient uptake and associated glycolytic and respiratory capacities. These data highlight insulin receptor signaling as an important node integrating immunometabolic pathways to drive optimal T cell effector function in health and disease.
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Cruz MS, Diamond A, Russell A, Jameson JM. Human αβ and γδ T Cells in Skin Immunity and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1304. [PMID: 29928283 PMCID: PMC5997830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T lymphocytes maintain skin homeostasis by balancing keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation with the destruction of infected or malignant cells. An imbalance in skin-resident T cell function can aggravate skin-related autoimmune diseases, impede tumor eradication, or disrupt proper wound healing. Much of the published work on human skin T cells attributes T cell function in the skin to αβ T cells, while γδ T cells are an often overlooked participant. This review details the roles played by both αβ and γδ T cells in healthy human skin and then focuses on their roles in skin diseases, such as psoriasis and alopecia areata. Understanding the contribution of skin-resident and skin-infiltrating T cell populations and cross-talk with other immune cells is leading to the development of novel therapeutics for patients. However, there is still much to be learned in order to effectively modulate T cell function and maintain healthy skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julie Marie Jameson
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University of San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States
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Gender-effect on the contractile properties of skeletal muscle in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2018; 18:255-261. [PMID: 29855448 PMCID: PMC6016489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we studied the effect of streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetes on contractile properties of soleus muscle in female and young male rats. We hypothesized that the gender affects the contractile function in diabetic rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats, male and female, three months old were divided into four groups: Female Non-Diabetic (FND), Female Diabetic (FD), Male Non-Diabetic (MND) and Male Diabetic (MD). Diabetes was induced by a single dose of 60 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin in citrate buffer pH 4.5 by intraperitoneal route. At 4 weeks after of the dose animals were considered to be diabetic if they had glucose levels ≥20 mmol/L. Soleus muscle mass and twitch force were higher in MND than in FND; in male rats, the diabetes decreased the muscle mass in 34% and the twitch force decayed in 33%; while in diabetic females the muscle mass and twitch force decayed 15% and 10% respectively. Our results showed that the diabetes has gender-dependent effects on the muscle mass and maximal contractile force.
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25
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Advanced glycation end products-induced insulin resistance involves repression of skeletal muscle GLUT4 expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8109. [PMID: 29802324 PMCID: PMC5970140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about advanced glycation end products (AGEs) participation in glucose homeostasis, a process in which skeletal muscle glucose transporter GLUT4 (Scl2a4 gene) plays a key role. This study investigated (1) the in vivo and in vitro effects of AGEs on Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle of healthy rats, and (2) the potential involvement of endoplasmic reticulum and inflammatory stress in the observed regulations. For in vivo analysis, rats were treated with advanced glycated rat albumin (AGE-albumin) for 12 weeks; for in vitro analysis, soleus muscles from normal rats were incubated with bovine AGE-albumin for 2.5 to 7.5 hours. In vivo, AGE-albumin induced whole-body insulin resistance; decreased (~30%) Slc2a4 mRNA and GLUT4 protein content; and increased (~30%) the nuclear content of nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p50 subunit (NFKB1), and cellular content of 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). In vitro, incubation with AGE-albumin decreased (~50%) the Slc2a4/GLUT4 content; and increased cellular content of GRP78/94, phosphorylated-IKK-alpha/beta, nuclear content of NFKB1 and RELA, and the nuclear protein binding into Slc2a4 promoter NFKB-binding site. The data reveal that AGEs impair glucose homeostasis in non-diabetic states of increased AGEs concentration; an effect that involves activation of endoplasmic reticulum- and inflammatory-stress and repression of Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression.
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Andreone L, Gimeno ML, Perone MJ. Interactions Between the Neuroendocrine System and T Lymphocytes in Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:229. [PMID: 29867762 PMCID: PMC5966545 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that there is a fine-tuned bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine tissues in maintaining homeostasis. Several types of immune cells, hormones, and neurotransmitters of different chemical nature are involved as communicators between organs. Apart of being key players of the adaptive arm of the immune system, it has been recently described that T lymphocytes are involved in the modulation of metabolism of several tissues in health and disease. Diabetes may result mainly from lack of insulin production (type 1 diabetes) or insufficient insulin and insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes), both influenced by genetic and environmental components. Herein, we discuss accumulating data regarding the role of the adaptive arm of the immune system in the pathogenesis of diabetes; including the action of several hormones and neurotransmitters influencing on central and peripheral T lymphocytes development and maturation, particularly under the metabolic burden triggered by diabetes. In addition, we comment on the role of T-effector lymphocytes in adipose and liver tissues during diabetes, which together enhances pancreatic β-cell stress aggravating the disease.
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Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Ciaccio C, Grasso G, Gioia M, Coletta A, Polticelli F, Di Pierro D, Milardi D, Van Endert P, Marini S, Coletta M. Multiple functions of insulin-degrading enzyme: a metabolic crosslight? Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28635330 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1337707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a ubiquitous zinc peptidase of the inverzincin family, which has been initially discovered as the enzyme responsible for insulin catabolism; therefore, its involvement in the onset of diabetes has been largely investigated. However, further studies on IDE unraveled its ability to degrade several other polypeptides, such as β-amyloid, amylin, and glucagon, envisaging the possible implication of IDE dys-regulation in the "aggregopathies" and, in particular, in neurodegenerative diseases. Over the last decade, a novel scenario on IDE biology has emerged, pointing out a multi-functional role of this enzyme in several basic cellular processes. In particular, latest advances indicate that IDE behaves as a heat shock protein and modulates the ubiquitin-proteasome system, suggesting a major implication in proteins turnover and cell homeostasis. In addition, recent observations have highlighted that the regulation of glucose metabolism by IDE is not merely based on its largely proposed role in the degradation of insulin in vivo. There is increasing evidence that improper IDE function, regulation, or trafficking might contribute to the etiology of metabolic diseases. In addition, the enzymatic activity of IDE is affected by metals levels, thus suggesting a role also in the metal homeostasis (metallostasis), which is thought to be tightly linked to the malfunction of the "quality control" machinery of the cell. Focusing on the physiological role of IDE, we will address a comprehensive vision of the very complex scenario in which IDE takes part, outlining its crucial role in interconnecting several relevant cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia R Tundo
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy
| | - Diego Sbardella
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy.,c Center for TeleInfrastructures, University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy
| | - Chiara Ciaccio
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- d Department of Chemistry , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.,e CNR IBB , Catania , Italy
| | - Magda Gioia
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy
| | - Andrea Coletta
- f Department of Chemistry , University of Aarhus , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Donato Di Pierro
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy
| | | | - Peter Van Endert
- h Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, U1151, CNRS , Paris , France
| | - Stefano Marini
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy.,c Center for TeleInfrastructures, University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy.,c Center for TeleInfrastructures, University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy
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28
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Effects of insulin on the skin: possible healing benefits for diabetic foot ulcers. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:677-694. [PMID: 27655635 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers affect 15-20 % of all diabetic patients and remain an important challenge since the available therapies have limited efficacy and some of the novel therapeutic approaches, which include growth factors and stem cells, are highly expensive and their safety remains to be evaluated. Despite its low cost and safety, the interest for topical insulin as a healing agent has increased only in the last 20 years. The molecular mechanisms of insulin signaling and its metabolic effects have been well studied in its classical target tissues. However, little is known about the specific effects of insulin in healthy or even diabetic skin. In addition, the mechanisms involved in the effects of insulin on wound healing have been virtually unknown until about 10 years ago. This paper will review the most recent advances in the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of insulin on skin wound healing in diabetes. Emerging evidence that links dysfunction of key cellular organelles, namely the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria, to changes in the autophagy response, as well as the impaired wound healing in diabetic patients will also be discussed along with the putative mechanisms whereby insulin could regulate/modulate these alterations.
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29
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Guo H, Xu B, Yang X, Peng D, Wang Y, Liu X, Cui C, Jiang Y. A High Frequency of Peripheral Blood IL-22(+) CD4(+) T Cells in Patients With New Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 30:95-102. [PMID: 25425169 PMCID: PMC6806726 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is aimed at investigating the frequency of different functional IL-22(+) CD4(+) T cells in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS The frequency of circulating IFN-γ+IL-17-IL-22-CD4(+) (Th1), IFN-γ-IL-17A+IL-22-CD4(+) (Th17), and IFN-γ-IL-17A-IL-22(+) CD4(+) (Th22), and other subsets of IL-22(+) CD4(+) T cells in 31 patients with new onset T2DM and 16 healthy controls was characterized by flow cytometry. The levels of serum IL-22, IL-17, IFN-γ, insulin C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, and insulin were examined. RESULTS The frequency of Th1, Th17, Th22, IFN-γ(+) IL-17(-) IL-22(+) , and IFN-γ(-) IL-17(+) IL-22(+) CD4(+) T cells and the concentrations of IL-22, but not IL-17 and IFNγ, in the patients were significantly higher than controls. The percentages of Th22 cells were correlated positively with the frequency of IFN-γ(-) IL-17(+) IL-22(+) CD4(+) T cells, the values of body mass index (BMI) and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the levels of serum IL-22 in those patients. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that IL-22(+) CD4(+) T cells may contribute to the early process of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationThe First HospitalJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Bing‐Chuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationThe First HospitalJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xi‐Ge Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First HospitalJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Di Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Tonghua Center HospitalTonghuaChina
| | - Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationThe First HospitalJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiao‐Bo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First HospitalJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Cheng‐Ri Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First HospitalJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yan‐Fang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationThe First HospitalJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Proteomics of Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Insulin Resistance and Exercise Biology. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4010006. [PMID: 28248217 PMCID: PMC5217365 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the human body and plays an important role in locomotion and whole body metabolism. It accounts for ~80% of insulin stimulated glucose disposal. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance, a primary feature of Type 2 diabetes, is caused by a decreased ability of muscle to respond to circulating insulin. Physical exercise improves insulin sensitivity and whole body metabolism and remains one of the most promising interventions for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance and exercise adaptations in skeletal muscle might be a cause, or consequence, of altered protein expressions profiles and/or their posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics offer enormous promise for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle insulin resistance and exercise-induced adaptation; however, skeletal muscle proteomics are challenging. This review describes the technical limitations of skeletal muscle proteomics as well as emerging developments in proteomics workflow with respect to samples preparation, liquid chromatography (LC), MS and computational analysis. These technologies have not yet been fully exploited in the field of skeletal muscle proteomics. Future studies that involve state-of-the-art proteomics technology will broaden our understanding of exercise-induced adaptations as well as molecular pathogenesis of insulin resistance. This could lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Association Between VDR FokI Polymorphism and Intervertebral Disk Degeneration. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2016; 13:371-6. [PMID: 26772150 PMCID: PMC4747649 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is strongly associated with genetic predisposition and environmental susceptibility. Several studies been conducted to investigate the potential association between IDD and FokI polymorphism located in the gene encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and inconsistent conclusions had been reached among different ethnic populations. In order to assess the association between the FokI polymorphism and the risk of IDD, we performed a comprehensive and systematic meta-analysis. Candidate articles were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Biology Medical (CBM) with strict inclusion criteria in January 2015. Among the 54 articles that were retrieved, only eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled data analysis based on allele contrast, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, and recessive models revealed no significant correlation between the FokI polymorphism and the risk of IDD. However, when stratified by ethnicity, significant associations were detected for Hispanics based on allele contrast (OR=1.395, 95% CI=1.059-1.836, P=0.018), homozygote (OR=1.849, 95% CI=1.001-3.416, P=0.049), heterozygote (OR=1.254, 95% CI=1.049-1.498, P=0.013), and dominant (OR=1.742, 95% CI=1.174-2.583, P=0.006) models, and for Asians using the dominant model (OR=1.293, 95% CI=1.025-1.632, P=0.030), whereas there is no significant association detected for Caucasians. In conclusion, FokI polymorphism is not generally associated with IDD, but there is increased risk for IDD in Hispanics and Asians carrying FokI allele T.
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Pinzón OA, Sánchez JC, Sepúlveda-Arias JC, López-Zapata DF. Assessment of human lymphocyte proliferation associated with metabolic syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:1277-82. [PMID: 25981082 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of various metabolic conditions, has become epidemic and causes increased morbidity and mortality. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare lymphocyte proliferation under two different stimuli, Concanavalin A (ConA) and insulin, in a group of patients with MetS (Group 1) and a healthy group (Group 2). METHODS Group 1 consisted of 53 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for MetS. Group 2 consisted of 63 patients without MetS. All individuals were evaluated for lipid profile and glycemia. Lymphocyte extraction and culture were performed for each subject and lymphocyte proliferation was assessed using the Alamar blue technique. RESULTS There was no gender difference between both groups, but in terms of age, there was a significant difference. The use of Con A at concentrations of 1 and 5 µg/mL induced a high lymphocyte proliferation in both groups. In contrast, when different concentrations of insulin were added, no significant changes in lymphocyte proliferation were observed. However, the proliferation of lymphocytes was significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 under insulin stimulus, which did not happen under ConA stimulation. Even after age and gender correction, this difference was maintained. CONCLUSIONS The increased lymphocyte proliferative response to insulin in patients with MetS found in this study suggests a role of the lymphocyte response to insulin in the pathophysiology of MetS. This response may be used as an immuno-biological marker for MetS, although further studies to evaluate its clinical usefulness need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Pinzón
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, A.A. 97, La Julita, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
| | - J C Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, A.A. 97, La Julita, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - J C Sepúlveda-Arias
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, A.A. 97, La Julita, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - D F López-Zapata
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, A.A. 97, La Julita, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
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Metabolic analysis of canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated ex vivo with dexamethasone. Vet J 2015; 207:184-187. [PMID: 26631947 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In dogs, hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes does progress with HAC. There are significant differences in the transcriptomic and proteomic patterns of activated T cells, which parallel the findings in muscle tissues. The aim of this study was to assess how glucocorticoids affect intracellular metabolites in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CnPBMCs) using dexamethasone. A total of 96 metabolites were identified by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS). After incubation with dexamethasone, the metabolites glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and acetyl-CoA were significantly increased. However, ATP, CTP, dATP, pyruvic acid and NADP(+) were significantly decreased. These results show that a glucocorticoid reduces the catabolic reaction of glucose and accordingly decreases the glucose requirements of CnPBMCs.
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Abstract
Recent developments in endocrinology, made possible by the combination of mouse genetics, integrative physiology and clinical observations have resulted in rapid and unanticipated advances in the field of skeletal biology. Indeed, the skeleton, classically viewed as a structural scaffold necessary for mobility, and regulator of calcium-phosphorus homoeostasis and maintenance of the haematopoietic niche has now been identified as an important regulator of male fertility and whole-body glucose metabolism, in addition to the classical insulin target tissues. These seminal findings confirm bone to be a true endocrine organ. This review is intended to detail the key events commencing from the elucidation of osteocalcin (OC) in bone metabolism to identification of new and emerging candidates that may regulate energy metabolism independently of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Oldknow
- Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - V E MacRae
- Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Farquharson
- Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Huesa C, Zhu D, Glover JD, Ferron M, Karsenty G, Milne EM, Millan JL, Ahmed SF, Farquharson C, Morton NM, MacRae VE. Deficiency of the bone mineralization inhibitor NPP1 protects mice against obesity and diabetes. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:1341-50. [PMID: 25368121 PMCID: PMC4257003 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.017905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bone as an endocrine regulator has prompted a re-evaluation of the role of bone mineralization factors in the development of metabolic disease. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1) controls bone mineralization through the generation of pyrophosphate, and levels of NPP1 are elevated both in dermal fibroblast cultures and muscle of individuals with insulin resistance. We investigated the metabolic phenotype associated with impaired bone metabolism in mice lacking the gene that encodes NPP1 (Enpp1−/− mice). Enpp1−/− mice exhibited mildly improved glucose homeostasis on a normal diet but showed a pronounced resistance to obesity and insulin resistance in response to chronic high-fat feeding. Enpp1−/− mice had increased levels of the insulin-sensitizing bone-derived hormone osteocalcin but unchanged insulin signalling within osteoblasts. A fuller understanding of the pathways of NPP1 could inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Huesa
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - James D Glover
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Integrative and Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest - Laboratory 2750, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elspeth M Milne
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - José Luis Millan
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Vicky E MacRae
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
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Al-Khalili L, de Castro Barbosa T, Ostling J, Massart J, Cuesta PG, Osler ME, Katayama M, Nyström AC, Oscarsson J, Zierath JR. Proteasome inhibition in skeletal muscle cells unmasks metabolic derangements in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C774-87. [PMID: 25143351 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00110.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE)-based proteome analysis has revealed intrinsic insulin resistance in myotubes derived from type 2 diabetic patients. Using 2-D DIGE-based proteome analysis, we identified a subset of insulin-resistant proteins involved in protein turnover in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic patients, suggesting aberrant regulation of the protein homeostasis maintenance system underlying metabolic disease. We then validated the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in myotubes to investigate whether impaired proteasome function may lead to metabolic arrest or insulin resistance. Myotubes derived from muscle biopsies obtained from people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or type 2 diabetes were exposed to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZ; Velcade) without or with insulin. BZ exposure increased protein carbonylation and lactate production yet impaired protein synthesis and UPS function in myotubes from type 2 diabetic patients, marking the existence of an insulin-resistant signature that was retained in cultured myotubes. In conclusion, BZ treatment further exacerbates insulin resistance and unmasks intrinsic features of metabolic disease in myotubes derived from type 2 diabetic patients. Our results highlight the existence of a confounding inherent abnormality in cellular protein dynamics in metabolic disease, which is uncovered through concurrent inhibition of the proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Al-Khalili
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jörgen Ostling
- AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden; and
| | - Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pablo Garrido Cuesta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Functional Biology, Physiology Area, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Megan E Osler
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mutsumi Katayama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Oscarsson
- AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden; and
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
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Polly P, Tan TC. The role of vitamin D in skeletal and cardiac muscle function. Front Physiol 2014; 5:145. [PMID: 24782788 PMCID: PMC3995052 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopathy is a feature of many inflammatory syndromes. Chronic inflammation has been linked to pathophysiological mechanisms which implicate 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3)-mediated signaling pathways with emerging evidence supporting a role for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in contractile and metabolic function of both skeletal and cardiac muscle. Altered VDR expression in skeletal and cardiac muscle has been reported to result in significant effects on metabolism, calcium signaling and fibrosis in these tissues. Elevated levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α and IFNγ, have been shown to impact myogenic and nuclear receptor signaling pathways in cancer-induced cachexia. The dysregulation of nuclear receptors, such as VDR and RXRα in muscle cells, has also been postulated to result in myopathy via their effects on muscle structural integrity and metabolism. Future research directions include generating transcriptome-wide information incorporating VDR and its gene targets and using systems biology approaches to identify altered molecular networks in human tissues such as muscle. These approaches will aid in the development of novel therapeutic targeting strategies for inflammation-induced myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsie Polly
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia Kensington, NSW, Australia ; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy C Tan
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia Kensington, NSW, Australia ; Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
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38
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Al-Khalili L, de Castro Barbosa T, Östling J, Massart J, Katayama M, Nyström AC, Oscarsson J, Zierath JR. Profiling of human myotubes reveals an intrinsic proteomic signature associated with type 2 diabetes. TRANSLATIONAL PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trprot.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Maciolek JA, Pasternak JA, Wilson HL. Metabolism of activated T lymphocytes. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 27:60-74. [PMID: 24556090 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Activated T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming which promotes glycolytic flux and lactate production as well as elevated production of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and other carbohydrates (i.e. induction of biomass) even in the presence of oxygen. Activated T cells show induced expression of, among other things, Glucose Transporter 1 and several glycolytic enzymes, including ADP-Dependent Glucokinase and the low affinity isoform Pyruvate Kinase-M2 (which promote glycolytic flux), as well Glutamine Transporters and Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase 2 which make available glutamate and glycerol-3-phosphate as mitochondrial energy sources. Intracellular leucine concentrations critically regulate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling to promote Th1, Th2, and Th17 CD4(+) T effector cell differentiation. In contrast, T regulatory (Treg) cells are generated when AMP-Activating Protein Kinase signaling is activated and mTOR activation is suppressed. Unlike effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, Tregs and memory T cells oxidize fatty acids for fuel. Effector and memory T cells perform different functions and thus show distinct metabolic profiles which are exquisitely controlled by cellular signaling. Upon activation, T cells express the insulin and leptin receptors on their surface and become sensitive to insulin signaling and nutrient availability and show changes in differentiation. Thus, metabolism and nutrient availability influence T cell activation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Maciolek
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO)-Home of the International Vaccine Centre (InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - J Alex Pasternak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO)-Home of the International Vaccine Centre (InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO)-Home of the International Vaccine Centre (InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, S7N 5E3, Canada.
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Asemi Z, Hashemi T, Karamali M, Samimi M, Esmaillzadeh A. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose metabolism, lipid concentrations, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1425-32. [PMID: 24132976 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.072785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, there is no study that has examined the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic status in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women with GDM. DESIGN This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 54 women with GDM. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D supplements or placebo. Individuals in the vitamin D group (n = 27) received capsules containing 50,000 IU vitamin D₃ 2 times during the study (at baseline and at day 21 of the intervention) and those in the placebo group (n = 27) received 2 placebos at the same times. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 wk of the intervention to quantify relevant variables. RESULTS Cholecalciferol supplementation resulted in increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations compared with placebo (+18.5 ± 20.4 compared with +0.5 ± 6.1 ng/mL; P < 0.001). Furthermore, intake of vitamin D supplements led to a significant decrease in concentrations of fasting plasma glucose (-17.1 ± 14.8 compared with -0.9 ± 16.6 mg/dL; P < 0.001) and serum insulin (-3.08 ± 6.62 compared with +1.34 ± 6.51 μIU/mL; P = 0.01) and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (-1.28 ± 1.41 compared with +0.34 ± 1.79; P < 0.001) and a significant increase in the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (+0.03 ± 0.03 compared with -0.001 ± 0.02; P = 0.003) compared with placebo. A significant reduction in concentrations of total (-11.0 ± 23.5 compared with +9.5 ± 36.5 mg/dL; P = 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (-10.8 ± 22.4 compared with +10.4 ± 28.0 mg/dL; P = 0.003) cholesterol was also seen after vitamin D supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women with GDM had beneficial effects on glycemia and total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations but did not affect inflammation and oxidative stress. This trial was registered at www.irct.ir as IRCT201305115623N7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases (ZA) and the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (TH and MS); the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran (MK); and the Food Security Research Center, and the Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (AE)
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Maranghi M, Prudente S, D'Erasmo L, Morini E, Ciociola E, Coletta P, Verrienti A, Arciello S, Copetti M, Pellegrini F, Santini SA, Morano S, Filetti S, Trischitta V. The ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) K121Q polymorphism modulates the beneficial effect of weight loss on fasting glucose in non-diabetic individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:505-510. [PMID: 22402064 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies have reported that the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) K121Q polymorphism (rs1044498) interacts with increased adiposity in affecting glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Conversely, one would expect that the amelioration of glucose homeostasis observed after weight loss is modulated by the ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism. The aim of our study was to test such hypothesis, in non-diabetic overweight-obese individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred eleven non-diabetic overweight-obese individuals were studied. Body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index) and lipid levels were obtained before and after 6-week lifestyle intervention (LI; diet and exercise) and their changes calculated as baseline minus 6-week values. LI decreased BMI, glucose, HOMA-IR and triglyceride levels (p < 0.001 for all). No difference across genotype groups (160 KK and 51 KQ or QQ - named as XQ - individuals) was observed in these changes. In a multivariate model, BMI changes predicted fasting glucose changes (β = 0.139 mmol/L (2.50 mg/dl) for 1 unit BMI change, p = 0.005). This correlation was not significant among KK individuals (β = 0.082; p = 0.15), while much steeper and highly significant among XQ individuals (β = 0.336; p = 0.00008) (p-value for Q121-by-weight loss interaction = 0.047). CONCLUSION Individuals carrying the ENPP1 Q121 variant are highly responsive to the effect of weight loss on fasting glucose. This reinforces the previously suggested hypothesis that the Q121 variant interacts with adiposity in modulating glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maranghi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Marucci A, Cozzolino F, Dimatteo C, Monti M, Pucci P, Trischitta V, Di Paola R. Role of GALNT2 in the modulation of ENPP1 expression, and insulin signaling and action: GALNT2: a novel modulator of insulin signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1833:1388-95. [PMID: 23500900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) inhibits insulin signaling and action. Understanding the mechanisms underlying ENPP1 expression may help unravel molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. Recent data suggest a role of ENPP1-3'untraslated region (UTR), in controlling ENPP1 expression. We sought to identify trans-acting ENPP1-3'UTR binding proteins, and investigate their role on insulin signaling. By RNA pull-down, 49 proteins bound to ENPP1-3'UTR RNA were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Among these, in silico analysis of genome wide association studies and expression profile datasets pointed to N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 gene (GALNT2) for subsequent investigations. Gene expression levels were evaluated by RT-PCR. Protein expression levels, IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blot. Insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylation was evaluated by ELISA. GALNT2 down-regulation increased while GALNT2 over-expression reduced ENPP1 expression levels. In addition, GALNT2 down-regulation reduced insulin stimulation of IR, IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation and insulin inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression, a key neoglucogenetic enzyme. Our data point to GALNT2 as a novel factor involved in the modulation of ENPP1 expression as well as insulin signaling and action in human liver HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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43
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Alkharfy KM, Al-Daghri NM, Yakout SM, Hussain T, Mohammed AK, Krishnaswamy S. Influence of vitamin D treatment on transcriptional regulation of insulin-sensitive genes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2013; 11:283-8. [PMID: 23621113 DOI: 10.1089/met.2012.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which are characterized by insulin resistance. Inflammation is a co-morbid condition associated with obesity. Vitamin D, besides being a transcriptional regulator, is an inflammation suppressor. However, the role of vitamin D in alleviating obesity-induced insulin resistance is still not well understood. METHODS The influence of vitamin D treatment on the transcriptional level of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in insulin target tissues of liver, adipose, and muscle of mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) was studied by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS A gradual weight reduction was observed in HFD-fed mice treated with vitamin D compared to a steady weight increase in control animals (P<0.01). In HFD mice, vitamin D decreased VDR expression to 0.5-fold in muscle (P=0.002), and increased it to 3.6-fold in the liver (P<0.001); however, VDR transcription was unaltered in adipose tissue. Similarly, vitamin D did not influence tissue expression of IR in either LFD- or HFD-fed mice. Muscle IRS-1 transcription level was upregulated to 2.4-fold (P=0.005) in HFD mice, whereas it was reduced to 0.15-fold in liver tissue (P<0.001). Vitamin D treatment had no effect on GLUT-4 transcript levels in any of the tissues under HFD conditions. CONCLUSION Vitamin D treatment influenced the expression of insulin-sensitive genes in a tissue-specific fashion. On the basis of the present findings, vitamin D does not aid glucose transport across cells of liver and adipose tissues, the major insulin-sensitive tissues, in HFD-fed mice; however, it appears to enhance the intracellular mechanisms of insulin action mediated by IRS-1 and VDR in muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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44
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Dimatteo C, Marucci A, Palazzo A, Cisternino C, Marsano RM, Trischitta V, Di Paola R. Role of somatomedin-B-like domains on ENPP1 inhibition of insulin signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:552-8. [PMID: 23098853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The exact mechanism by which ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) inhibits insulin signaling is not known. ENPP1 contains two somatomedin-B-like domains (i.e. SMB 1 and 2) involved in ENPP1 dimerization in animal cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate if these domains modulate ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin signaling in human insulin target cells (HepG2). ENPP1 (ENPP1-3'myc), ENPP1 deleted of SMB 1 (ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc) or of SMB 2 (ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc) domain were cloned in frame with myc tag in mammalian expression vector pRK5. Plasmids were transiently transfected in human liver HepG2 cells. ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin signaling, dimerization and protein-protein interaction with insulin receptor (IR), reported to mediate the modulation of ENPP1 inhibitory activity, were studied. As compared to untransfected cells, a progressive increase of ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin-induced IR β-subunit autophosphorylation and on Akt-S(473) phosphorylation was observed in ENPP1-3'myc, ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc and ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc cells. Under non reducing conditions a 260 kDa homodimer, indicating ENPP1 dimerization, was observed. The ratio of non reduced (260 kDa) to reduced (130 kDa) ENPP1 was significantly decreased by two thirds in ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc vs. ENPP1-3'myc but not in ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc. A similar ENPP1/IR interaction was detectable by co-immunoprecipitation in ENPP1-3'myc, ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc and ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc cells. In conclusion, SMB 1 and SMB 2 are negative modulators of ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin signaling. For SMB 2 such effect might be mediated by a positive role on protein dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dimatteo
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Pathobiochemical changes in diabetic skeletal muscle as revealed by mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:893876. [PMID: 22523676 PMCID: PMC3317182 DOI: 10.1155/2012/893876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle tissues and diabetes-related muscle weakness are serious pathophysiological problems of increasing medical importance. In order to determine global changes in the protein complement of contractile tissues due to diabetes mellitus, mass-spectrometry-based proteomics has been applied to the investigation of diabetic muscle. This review summarizes the findings from recent proteomic surveys of muscle preparations from patients and established animal models of type 2 diabetes. The potential impact of novel biomarkers of diabetes, such as metabolic enzymes and molecular chaperones, is critically examined. Disease-specific signature molecules may be useful for increasing our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance and possibly identify new therapeutic options that counteract diabetic abnormalities in peripheral organ systems. Importantly, the biomedical establishment of biomarkers promises to accelerate the development of improved diagnostic procedures for characterizing individual stages of diabetic disease progression, including the early detection of prediabetic complications.
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Jung JG, Choi SE, Hwang YJ, Lee SA, Kim EK, Lee MS, Han SJ, Kim HJ, Kim DJ, Kang Y, Lee KW. Supplementation of pyruvate prevents palmitate-induced impairment of glucose uptake in C2 myotubes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 345:79-87. [PMID: 21802492 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated fatty acid levels have been thought to contribute to insulin resistance. Repression of the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) gene as well as impaired GLUT4 translocation may be a mediator for fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. This study was initiated to determine whether palmitate treatment repressed GLUT4 expression, whether glucose/fatty acid metabolism influenced palmitate-induced GLUT4 gene repression (PIGR), and whether attempts to prevent PIGR restored palmitate-induced impairment of glucose uptake (PIIGU) in C2 myotubes. Not only stimulators of fatty acid oxidation, such as bezafibrate, AICAR, and TOFA, but also TCA cycle substrates, such as pyruvate, leucine/glutamine, and α-ketoisocaproate/monomethyl succinate, significantly prevented PIGR. In particular, supplementing with pyruvate through methyl pyruvate resulted in nearly complete prevention of PIIGU, whereas palmitate treatment reduced the intracellular pyruvate level. These results suggest that pyruvate depletion plays a critical role in PIGR and PIIGU; thus, pyruvate supplementation may help prevent obesity-induced insulin resistance in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Gab Jung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Di Paola R, Caporarello N, Marucci A, Dimatteo C, Iadicicco C, Del Guerra S, Prudente S, Sudano D, Miele C, Parrino C, Piro S, Beguinot F, Marchetti P, Trischitta V, Frittitta L. ENPP1 affects insulin action and secretion: evidences from in vitro studies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19462. [PMID: 21573217 PMCID: PMC3088669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to deeper investigate the mechanisms through which
ENPP1, a negative modulator of insulin receptor (IR) activation, plays a role on
insulin signaling, insulin secretion and eventually glucose metabolism. ENPP1
cDNA (carrying either K121 or Q121 variant) was transfected in HepG2 liver-, L6
skeletal muscle- and INS1E beta-cells. Insulin-induced IR-autophosphorylation
(HepG2, L6, INS1E), Akt-Ser473,
ERK1/2-Thr202/Tyr204 and GSK3-beta Ser9
phosphorylation (HepG2, L6), PEPCK mRNA levels (HepG2) and
2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake (L6) was studied. GLUT 4 mRNA
(L6), insulin secretion and caspase-3 activation (INS1E) were also investigated.
Insulin-induced IR-autophosphorylation was decreased in HepG2-K, L6-K, INS1E-K
(20%, 52% and 11% reduction vs. untransfected cells) and
twice as much in HepG2-Q, L6-Q, INS1E-Q (44%, 92% and 30%).
Similar data were obtained with Akt-Ser473,
ERK1/2-Thr202/Tyr204 and GSK3-beta Ser9 in
HepG2 and L6. Insulin-induced reduction of PEPCK mRNA was progressively lower in
untransfected, HepG2-K and HepG2-Q cells (65%, 54%, 23%).
Insulin-induced glucose uptake in untransfected L6 (60% increase over
basal), was totally abolished in L6-K and L6-Q cells. GLUT 4 mRNA was slightly
reduced in L6-K and twice as much in L6-Q (13% and 25% reduction
vs. untransfected cells). Glucose-induced insulin secretion was 60%
reduced in INS1E-K and almost abolished in INS1E-Q. Serum deficiency activated
caspase-3 by two, three and four folds in untransfected INS1E, INS1E-K and
INS1E-Q. Glyburide-induced insulin secretion was reduced by 50% in
isolated human islets from homozygous QQ donors as compared to those from KK and
KQ individuals. Our data clearly indicate that ENPP1, especially when the Q121
variant is operating, affects insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in
skeletal muscle- and liver-cells and both function and survival of insulin
secreting beta-cells, thus representing a strong pathogenic factor predisposing
to insulin resistance, defective insulin secretion and glucose metabolism
abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
| | - Claudia Dimatteo
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
| | - Claudia Iadicicco
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Guerra
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,
Mendel Laboratory”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Dora Sudano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Parrino
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of
Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School,
Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
- IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,
Mendel Laboratory”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza
University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
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48
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Fat oxidation, fitness and skeletal muscle expression of oxidative/lipid metabolism genes in South Asians: implications for insulin resistance? PLoS One 2010; 5:e14197. [PMID: 21152018 PMCID: PMC2995737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background South Asians are more insulin resistant than Europeans, which cannot be fully explained by differences in adiposity. We investigated whether differences in oxidative capacity and capacity for fatty acid utilisation in South Asians might contribute, using a range of whole-body and skeletal muscle measures. Methodology/Principal Findings Twenty men of South Asian ethnic origin and 20 age and BMI-matched men of white European descent underwent exercise and metabolic testing and provided a muscle biopsy to determine expression of oxidative and lipid metabolism genes and of insulin signalling proteins. In analyses adjusted for age, BMI, fat mass and physical activity, South Asians, compared to Europeans, exhibited; reduced insulin sensitivity by 26% (p = 0.010); lower VO2max (40.6±6.6 vs 52.4±5.7 ml.kg−1.min−1, p = 0.001); and reduced fat oxidation during submaximal exercise at the same relative (3.77±2.02 vs 6.55±2.60 mg.kg−1.min−1 at 55% VO2max, p = 0.013), and absolute (3.46±2.20 vs 6.00±1.93 mg.kg−1.min−1 at 25 ml O2.kg−1.min−1, p = 0.021), exercise intensities. South Asians exhibited significantly higher skeletal muscle gene expression of CPT1A and FASN and significantly lower skeletal muscle protein expression of PI3K and PKB Ser473 phosphorylation. Fat oxidation during submaximal exercise and VO2max both correlated significantly with insulin sensitivity index and PKB Ser473 phosphorylation, with VO2max or fat oxidation during exercise explaining 10–13% of the variance in insulin sensitivity index, independent of age, body composition and physical activity. Conclusions/Significance These data indicate that reduced oxidative capacity and capacity for fatty acid utilisation at the whole body level are key features of the insulin resistant phenotype observed in South Asians, but that this is not the consequence of reduced skeletal muscle expression of oxidative and lipid metabolism genes.
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49
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Ohlendieck K. Proteomics of skeletal muscle differentiation, neuromuscular disorders and fiber aging. Expert Rev Proteomics 2010; 7:283-96. [PMID: 20377394 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers are the most abundant cellular structure in the human body. Altered neuromuscular activity, traumatic injury or genetic abnormalities have profound effects on muscle integrity, tissue mass, fiber type distribution, metabolic integration and contractile function. The recent application of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has decisively advanced our molecular understanding of numerous physiological adaptations in healthy muscle and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with major muscle diseases. Skeletal muscle proteomics promises to play a major role in the establishment of a disease-specific biomarker signature for the major classes of neuromuscular disorders. New muscle markers will be crucial for the development of improved diagnostics, the monitoring of disease progression, evaluation of drug action and the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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50
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Prudente S, Morini E, Trischitta V. Insulin signaling regulating genes: effect on T2DM and cardiovascular risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2009; 5:682-93. [PMID: 19924153 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2009.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disorder that has a heterogeneous genetic and environmental background. In this Review, we discuss the role of relatively infrequent polymorphisms of genes that regulate insulin signaling (including the K121Q polymorphism of ENPP1, the G972R polymorphism of IRS1 and the Q84R polymorphism of TRIB3) in T2DM and other conditions related to insulin resistance. The biological relevance of these three polymorphisms has been very thoroughly characterized both in vitro and in vivo and the available data indicate that they all affect insulin signaling and action as well as insulin secretion. They also affect insulin-mediated regulation of endothelial cell function. In addition, several reports indicate that the effects of all three polymorphisms on the risk of T2DM and cardiovascular diseases related to insulin resistance depend on the clinical features of the individual, including their body weight and age at disease onset. Thus, these polymorphisms might be used to demonstrate how difficult it is to ascertain the contribution of relatively infrequent genetic variants with heterogeneous effects on disease susceptibility. Unraveling the role of such variants might be facilitated by improving disease definition and focusing on specific subsets of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, Rome, Italy
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