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Liu J. Aged garlic therapeutic intervention targeting inflammatory pathways in pathogenesis of bowel disorders. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33986. [PMID: 39130474 PMCID: PMC11315124 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, manifest as a result of intricate interactions involving genetic predisposition, environmental factors, intestinal microbiota dynamics, and immune dysregulation, ultimately leading to persistent mucosal inflammation. Addressing this complex pathology requires a nuanced understanding to inform targeted therapeutic strategies. Consequently, our study explored the viability of Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) as an alternative therapeutic regimen for IBD management. Utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we characterized AGE, revealing distinctions from Fresh Garlic Extract (FGE), particularly the absence of allicin in AGE and accompanying structural alterations. In In-Vivo experiments employing an IBD rat model, AGE intervention exhibited remarkable antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Noteworthy outcomes included improved survival rates, mitigation of intestinal damage, restoration of gut microbial diversity, reinforcement of tight junctions, and reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, these effects contributed to the preservation of enterocyte integrity and the attenuation of inflammation. In conclusion, the unique chemical composition of AGE, coupled with its substantial influence on gut microbiota, antioxidant defenses, and inflammatory pathways, positions it as a promising adjunctive therapy for the management of IBD. These observations, synergistically considered with existing research, provide significant insights into the potential utility of AGE in addressing the intricate pathophysiology inherent to IBD. The potential strength of study and rationale of using AGE against IBD includes exploring alternative therapeutic regimens if conventional treatments are associated with side effects, identification of potential hotspots/pathways involved in disease progression and study can provide economically cheaper and naturally occurring alternative to patient community who are struggling to afford expensive medications. These promising findings underscore the necessity for additional investigations to ascertain the feasibility of clinical translation, thereby substantiating the potential therapeutic role of AGE in the management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
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Farooq MA, Ali S, Sulayman R, Hassan A, Tahir HM, Shahzad H, Fiaz U, Mughal TA, Liaqat I, Mumtaz S, Nauroze T, Mumtaz S. Therapeutic Applications of Garlic and Turmeric for the Diabetic Wound Healing in Mice. J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:800-809. [PMID: 36331804 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is involved in delayed wound healing that can be cured by natural products such as garlic, turmeric, and fibroin extracts. Alloxan monohydrate is used for inducing diabetes in mice. The percent wound contraction of garlic (150 mg/ml), turmeric (100 mg/ml), and fibroin (50 mg/ml), individually and in combinations garlic (150 mg/ml) + fibroin (50 mg/ml), turmeric (100 mg/ml) + fibroin (50 mg/ml), garlic (150 mg/ml) + turmeric (100 mg/ml), and garlic (150 mg/ml) + turmeric (100 mg/ml) + fibroin (50 mg/ml) was checked by evaluating the healing time, % wound contraction and histological analysis. The serum level of MMPs (MMP 2, MMP7, MMP 9), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8), and TIMPs were evaluated. With the combination of three extracts (Ga+Tu+Fi) garlic (150 mg/ml), turmeric (100 mg/ml) and fibroin (50 mg/ml), wounds healed in 12 days and had 97.3 ± 2.2% wound contraction. While the positive control (polyfax) and diabetic control (saline) wounds healed in 17- and 19-days with wound contraction of 96.7 ± 1.4% and 96.3 ± 1.1%, respectively. Histological analysis showed that the combination of Ga+Tu+Fi exhibited an increase in the growth of collagen fibers, fibroblasts number, and keratinocytes, and lessened inflammation of blood vessels. The combination of Ga+Tu+Fi significantly alleviated the serum concentration of TNF-α (14.2 ± 0.7 pg/ml), IL-6 (10.0 ± 1.0 pg/ml), IL-8 (16.0 ± 1.5 pg/ml), MMP2 (228.0 ± 18.1 pg/ml), MMP7 (271.0 ± 9.9 pg/ml), and MMP9 (141.0 ± 5.3 pg/ml) to diabetic control. The level of TIMPs (193.0 ± 9.1 pg/ml) was increased significantly with respect to diabetic control. We conclude that the combination of these biomaterials possessed high regenerative and healing capabilities and can be an effective remedy in the healing of chronic wounds in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Farooq
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rida Sulayman
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hassan
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M Tahir
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Shahzad
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umaima Fiaz
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tafail A Mughal
- Department of Zoology, Women University of Azad Jammu Kashmir, Bagh, Pakistan
| | - Irfana Liaqat
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samaira Mumtaz
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Nauroze
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Mumtaz
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Yadav D, Gaurav H, Yadav R, Waris R, Afzal K, Chandra Shukla A. A comprehensive review on soft rot disease management in ginger ( Zingiber officinale) for enhancing its pharmaceutical and industrial values. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18337. [PMID: 37539157 PMCID: PMC10395546 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zingiber officinale L. Roscoe is a significant herb that possesses many medicinal and ethnomedicinal properties. Due to the presence of various bioactive compounds, it has immense healing capacity. However, ginger as a crop is susceptible to several fungal pathogens. Among all the fungal pathogens, Pythium and Fusarium spp. are of most concern, causing soft rot (rhizome rot) disease, majorly responsible for the downfall in its production by 50-90%. Pesticides and fungicides spray is generally recommended for the control of soft rot. Ample use of chemicals not only affects the quality of the crop but also disturbs ecological integrity. Therefore, biological methods of disease management involving suitable microbial agents such as Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces spp. and plant extracts are attracting and gaining importance as a part of integrated approaches (IPM) to manage the soft rot and sustainably enhance the production and improve the medicinal and pharmaceutical values of ginger. The present review is aimed to discuss various means of controlling soft rot disease by physical, chemical, biological, and nanotechnology-based methods. Moreover, various bioactive constituents of ginger and their pharmaceutical importance have been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyanshu Yadav
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Harshita Gaurav
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Ramanand Yadav
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Raza Waris
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
- Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Kareena Afzal
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
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Noman ZA, Anika TT, Sachi S, Ferdous J, Sarker YA, Sabur MA, Rahman MT, Sikder MH. Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of garlic ( Allium sativum) and ginger ( Zingiber officinale) crude extract against multidrug-resistant (MDR) poultry pathogen. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10:151-156. [PMID: 37534079 PMCID: PMC10390675 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study is aimed to understand the antibacterial sensitivity of native and Indian varieties of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) crude extracts against multidrug-resistant (MDR) poultry pathogen (Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.). Materials and Methods Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is used to identify the target spices' bioactive antibacterial compounds. MDR E. coli and Salmonella sp. were isolated from poultry. The TLC-Bioautography technique was applied to explore the antibacterial potentiality of garlic and ginger. Results Inhibitory activities of garlic were Zone of inhibition (ZI) = 14.03 ± 0.15 mm and 19.70 ± 0.36 mm, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.625 and 0.325 mg/ml, and ginger were ZI = 14.63 ± 0.30 mm and 11.56 ± 0.51mm, MIC: 9.0 mg/ml against E. coli and Salmonella sp., respectively. Two bands of garlic (Rf value = 0.31 and 0.50) and one band of ginger (Rf value = 0.71) showed inhibitory potential in TLC-Bioautography against both MDR isolates. Conclusion Garlic and ginger were effective against MDR E. coli and Salmonella sp. These spices could be a suitable alternative during the antibiotic void.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Al Noman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnia Tabassum Anika
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sabbya Sachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Yousuf Ali Sarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdus Sabur
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Ballester P, Cerdá B, Arcusa R, García-Muñoz AM, Marhuenda J, Zafrilla P. Antioxidant Activity in Extracts from Zingiberaceae Family: Cardamom, Turmeric, and Ginger. Molecules 2023; 28:4024. [PMID: 37241765 PMCID: PMC10220638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in life expectancy leads to a greater impact of chronic non-communicable diseases. This is even more remarkable in elder populations, to whom these become main determinants of health status, affecting mental and physical health, quality of life, and autonomy. Disease appearance is closely related to the levels of cellular oxidation, pointing out the importance of including foods in one's diet that can prevent oxidative stress. Previous studies and clinical data suggest that some plant-based products can slow and reduce the cellular degradation associated with aging and age-related diseases. Many plants from one family present several applications that range from the food to the pharmaceutical industry due to their characteristic flavor and scents. The Zingiberaceae family, which includes cardamom, turmeric, and ginger, has bioactive compounds with antioxidant activities. They also have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiemetic activities and properties that help prevent cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. These products are abundant sources of chemical substances, such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and diarylheptanoids. The main bioactive compounds found in this family (cardamom, turmeric, and ginger) are 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate, β-turmerone, and α-zingiberene. The present review gathers evidence surrounding the effects of dietary intake of extracts of the Zingiberaceae family and their underlying mechanisms of action. These extracts could be an adjuvant treatment for oxidative-stress-related pathologies. However, the bioavailability of these compounds needs to be optimized, and further research is needed to determine appropriate concentrations and their antioxidant effects in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raúl Arcusa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.B.); (B.C.); (A.M.G.-M.); (J.M.); (P.Z.)
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Herman A, Herman AP. Herbal Products and Their Active Constituents Used Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:168-182. [PMID: 35995069 DOI: 10.1055/a-1890-5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge acquired on herbal products and their active constituents with antimicrobial activity used alone and in combination with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The most promising herbal products and active constituents used alone against multidrug-resistant bacteria are Piper betle (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Glycyrrhiza glabra (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, P. aeruginosa), and berberine (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa), respectively. The synergistic effect of the combination of herbal products and their active constituents with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria are also described. These natural antibacterial agents can be promising sources of inhibitors, which can modulate antibiotic activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially as efflux pump inhibitors. Other possible mechanisms of action of herbal therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria including modification of the bacterial cell wall and/or membrane, inhibition of the cell division protein filamenting temperature sensitive Z-ring, and inhibition of protein synthesis and gene expression, all of which will also be discussed. Our review suggests that combination herbal therapy and antibiotics can be effectively used to expand the spectrum of their antimicrobial action. Therefore, combination therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria may enable new choices for the treatment of infectious diseases and represents a potential area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw School of Engineering and Health, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej P Herman
- Department of Genetic Engineering, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna near Warsaw, Poland
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Magdy H, Rady MH, Salama MS, Sayed HAE, Hamza D, Azzam M, Essa EE. Isolation of Multidrug-Resistant Helicobacter pylori from Wild Houseflies Musca domestica with a New Perspective for the Treatment. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:63-74. [PMID: 36577051 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection and the unknown mode of transmission prompted us to investigate H. pylori-wild housefly relationship. H. pylori causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. H. pylori persists in the gut of the experimentally infected houseflies. The existence of H. pylori strains isolated from wild houseflies, on the other hand, has never been documented. Materials and Methods: In this study, 902 wild houseflies from different sites were identified as Musca domestica, then 60 flies were screened by traditional microbiological techniques and H. pylori-specific 16S rRNA gene. The antibiotic resistance (ART) was investigated phenotypically. Wild housefly gut bacterial isolates were further evaluated genotypically to have 23S rRNA gene mutation related to clarithromycin resistance. To find efficient therapeutic alternatives, the potency of three plant extracts (garlic, ginger, and lemon) and the wasp, Vespa orientalis venom was evaluated against H. pylori. The cytotoxic effect of the crude wasp venom, the most potent extract, against Vero and Colon cancer (Caco2) cell lines was investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: All isolates from houseflies were positive. The isolated bacteria have variable resistance to frequently used antibiotics in all isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of 15.625 mg/mL for both ginger and lemon extracts, 7.8125 mg/mL for garlic extract, and 0.0313 mg/mL for wasp venom were recorded. Wasp venom has the most potent antibacterial activity compared with the four antibiotics that are currently used in therapies against H. pylori. Conclusion: We conclude that wild houseflies can play a role in disseminating H. pylori. The housefly gut may be a suitable environment for the horizontal transfer of ART genes among its associated microbiome and H. pylori. Wasp venom proved its potential activity as a new and effective anti-H. pylori drug for both therapeutic and preventative usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer Magdy
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda H Rady
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Salama
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hayam A E Sayed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - May Azzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman E Essa
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Quality and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Fresh Beef Stored in Smart Packaging. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020396. [PMID: 36673488 PMCID: PMC9857838 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef is a perishable food product susceptible to deterioration due to microbial growth. Therefore, this study aimed to ascertain how active and intelligent packaging performs by tracking the change in the quality of fresh beef stored at low temperatures. The intelligent packaging method employed indicators with solutions of Bromo Phenol Blue (BPB) and Phenol Red (PR) to monitor the change in beef quality. Additionally, active packaging used garlic extract with various concentrations at 0%, 15%, and 20% to maintain the quality of beef packaged at 10 °C temperatures. The findings illustrated that a packaging indicator label can be implemented to monitor the change in the quality of fresh beef stored at 10 °C temperatures. This was signified by a change in the indicator color from dark yellow to orange and red, fading to purple. Meanwhile, observations on active packaging demonstrated that 15% and 20% of garlic extract were the most effective approaches for preserving beef quality. The correlation level of indicator label color analysis and the effectiveness of active packaging with all beef spoilage metrics demonstrated a positive correlation in preserving quality and identifying the degree of beef damage. Therefore, these active and intelligent packaging indicators can be applied to monitor and retain the quality of packaged beef.
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Allicin and Capsaicin Ameliorated Hypercholesterolemia by Upregulating LDLR and Downregulating PCSK9 Expression in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214299. [PMID: 36430776 PMCID: PMC9695077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a common cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although allicin and capsaicin possess hypolipidemic effects through several molecular mechanisms, their effects on LDLR and PCSK9 expression are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of allicin and capsaicin on LDLR and PCSK9 expression in HepG2 cells. The effects of allicin and capsaicin on cell viability were evaluated by MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assay. Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) levels and LDL uptake were determined by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), respectively. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of PCSK9, LDLR, SREBP-2, and HNF1α. ELISA was used to measure PCSK9 levels in culture media. Allicin and capsaicin increased the protein expression levels of LDLR via activation of the transcription factor SREBP2. However, allicin and capsaicin decreased the expression of PCSK9 protein and the secretion of PCSK9 in culture media via the suppression of HNF1α. Moreover, allicin and capsaicin increased LDL uptake into HepG2 cells. The efficacies of the hypolipidemic effects of allicin (200 µM) and capsaicin (200 µM) were comparable to that of atorvastatin (10 µM) in this study. In conclusion, allicin and capsaicin possessed hypolipidemic effects via the upregulation of LDLR and downregulation of PCSK9 expression, thereby enhancing LDL uptake into HepG2 cells. This indicates that allicin and capsaicin should be used as potent supplements to ameliorate hypercholesterolemia.
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Robinson K, Assumpcao ALFV, Arsi K, Donoghue A, Jesudhasan PRR. Ability of Garlic and Ginger Oil to Reduce Salmonella in Post-Harvest Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2974. [PMID: 36359098 PMCID: PMC9656020 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 1.35 million human salmonellosis cases are reported in the United States every year, resulting in over 26,000 hospitalizations and 400 deaths. Consumption of contaminated poultry products is one of the leading causes of human salmonellosis. Poultry meat becomes contaminated when feces from an infected bird comes into contact with the carcass during processing. Additional carcasses can then become cross-contaminated along the processing line. While chemicals such as peracetic acid are currently used to kill microbes such as Salmonella, consumers are increasingly calling for more natural alternatives. Our objective for this study was to determine the ability of the phytochemicals garlic and ginger oil to reduce Salmonella prevalence in the processing environment. In a simulated scalding tank environment, dipping contaminated chicken skin samples in a solution containing both garlic and ginger oil reduced Salmonella by up to 2 log CFU. Furthermore, the oils prevented Salmonella growth in the tank solution. The mechanism of action of garlic and ginger was evaluated using the sub-inhibitory concentration of each oil individually. While both were found to decrease autoinducer-2 (AI-2) levels, no effect was seen on expression of 10 genes involved in Salmonella virulence and survival. In total, this work demonstrates the potential of garlic and ginger to reduce Salmonella prevalence in the post-harvest environment. However, more work remains to be done to understand the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsy Robinson
- Poultry Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | | | - Komala Arsi
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Annie Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Palmy R. R. Jesudhasan
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Tudu CK, Dutta T, Ghorai M, Biswas P, Samanta D, Oleksak P, Jha NK, Kumar M, Radha, Proćków J, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Dey A. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of garlic ( Allium sativum), a storehouse of diverse phytochemicals: A review of research from the last decade focusing on health and nutritional implications. Front Nutr 2022; 9:949554. [PMID: 36386956 PMCID: PMC9650110 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.929554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium sativum L. (Garlic) is a fragrant herb and tuber-derived spice that is one of the most sought-after botanicals, used as a culinary and ethnomedicine for a variety of diseases around the world. An array of pharmacological attributes such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities of this species have been established by previous studies. A. sativum houses many sulfur-containing phytochemical compounds such as allicin, diallyl disulfide (DADS), vinyldithiins, ajoenes (E-ajoene, Z-ajoene), diallyl trisulfide (DATS), micronutrient selenium (Se) etc. Organosulfur compounds are correlated with modulations in its antioxidant properties. The garlic compounds have also been recorded as promising immune-boosters or act as potent immunostimulants. A. sativum helps to treat cardiovascular ailments, neoplastic growth, rheumatism, diabetes, intestinal worms, flatulence, colic, dysentery, liver diseases, facial paralysis, tuberculosis, bronchitis, high blood pressure, and several other diseases. The present review aims to comprehensively enumerate the ethnobotanical and pharmacological aspects of A. sativum with notes on its phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicological aspects, and clinical studies from the retrieved literature from the last decade with notes on recent breakthroughs and bottlenecks. Future directions related to garlic research is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tusheema Dutta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Protha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipu Samanta
- Department of Botany, Dr. Kanailal Bhattacharyya College, Howrah, India
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska, Poland
| | - José M. Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA (CSIC). Avda, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Akullo JO, Kiage B, Nakimbugwe D, Kinyuru J. Effect of aqueous and organic solvent extraction on in-vitro antimicrobial activity of two varieties of fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum). Heliyon 2022; 8:e10457. [PMID: 36091965 PMCID: PMC9450146 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current state of antimicrobial resistance to synthetic antimicrobial drugs has led to renewed interest in natural antimicrobial compounds. Antimicrobial activity of extracts of (local and hybrid) ginger and garlic was investigated using the agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Aqueous and organic solvent extracts of both varieties of ginger and garlic exhibited varied and concentration-dependant antimicrobial activity. Inhibition zones at 25 mg/mL varied significantly against the microorganisms, being highest on C. albicans; 18.00 ± 2.00 to 30.67 ± 1.16 mm for acetone extracts and raw juice of hybrid ginger and 19.67 ± 1.16 to 30.33 ± 1.53 mm for methanol and raw extracts of local garlic respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ranged from 2.5 to 10 mg/mL in garlic extracts. The study concluded that both varieties of ginger and garlic possess antimicrobial substances, though ginger is more potent as antifungal agent. Extracts exhibited varied concentration-dependant antimicrobial activity. Inhibition was higher for garlic compared to ginger extracts against bacteria. Activity of garlic ethanolic extracts compared favourably with garlic raw juices Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ranged from 2.5 to 10 mg/mL in garlic extracts
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolly Oder Akullo
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, PO box 203, Soroti, Uganda
- Department of Human Nutrition Sciences, School of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62 000, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
- Corresponding author.
| | - Beatrice Kiage
- Department of Human Nutrition Sciences, School of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62 000, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dorothy Nakimbugwe
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Kinyuru
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62 000, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
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Mahfouz Omer SM, Mohamed DA, Ali Abdel Latif RM. Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of Allium Sativum, Calcium hydroxide and Their Combination as Intracanal Medicaments in Infected Mature Anterior Teeth A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1010-1025. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Mohamed Mahfouz Omer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry Suez Canal University Egypt
| | | | - Reham Mohamed Ali Abdel Latif
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry Suez Canal University Egypt
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Vision Colleges Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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Structural Changes, Electrophoretic Pattern, and Quality Attributes of Camel Meat Treated with Fresh Ginger Extract and Papain Powder. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131876. [PMID: 35804690 PMCID: PMC9266158 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Camel is a valuable source of meat for African and Asian countries; however, the most important problem associated with camel meat is its extreme toughness. This toughness has been attributed to its contents of connective tissue, which become more crossly linked in old animals. The toughness of camel meat decreases the consumer acceptance of this meat and reduces its chances of being utilized as a raw material for further processing into meat products. Ginger and papain were used in the current study as tenderizing enzymes, and the structural changes, electrophoretic pattern, physicochemical characteristics, and sensory scores of the treated meat were examined. The treatment of camel meat with ginger and papain resulted in marked destructive changes in the connective tissue and myofibers, and a reduction in the protein bands, with a consequent improvement in its tenderness. All the enzyme-treated samples exhibited significant increases in the protein solubility, with significant decreases in the shear-force values. Moreover, an improvement in the sensory scores of the raw and cooked meat and a reduction in the bacterial counts after the treatments were recorded. Ginger and papain induced a significant improvement in the physicochemical characteristics, sensory attributes, and bacterial counts of the camel meat; therefore, these materials can be utilized by meat processors to boost the consumer acceptance of this meat, and to increase its suitability as a raw material for further meat processing.
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Amer SA, Abd El‐Rahman HSM. Anti‐shigellosis activity of the aqueous extract of garlic, clove and fenugreek. J Food Saf 2022; 42. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractShigellosis causes severe diarrhea and, in some cases, death in children. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti‐shigellosis efficacy of some aqueous herbal extracts or their chosen mixtures, including fenugreek seed, black seed, clove, garlic, and ginger. The antibacterial potential was assessed by well diffusion and microdilution assays. The extracts' minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 0.39 to 12.5 mg/ml. The water extract of garlic and combinations of garlic with either fenugreek or clove extracts had the highest antibacterial efficacy, hence these extracts were chosen for the in vivo investigation. Rats were given a Shigella dysenteriae inoculum and then administrated two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg bw) of the selected herbal extracts or the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (20 mg/kg bw) to treat Shigellosis in vivo. The results showed that garlic and clove extract mixtures (G6, 200 mg/kg bw), garlic and fenugreek mixtures (G7 and G8, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw), and ciprofloxacin group (G9, 20 mg/kg bw) had the best anti‐Shigellosis efficacy. G7 (garlic and fenugreek mixtures (100 mg/kg bw) outperformed almost all other groups evaluated. This group had lower defecation frequency, lower stool‐Shigella loudness, restored body weight, recovered hematological, and liver and kidney functions, besides exhibited no anatomical alterations in the colon tissue that were comparable to the uninfected group. As a result, in the treatment of Shigella, this extract combination may be suggested as a viable therapeutic alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Adel Amer
- Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) Food Technology Research Institute (FTRI) Giza Egypt
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Microbial Deterioration of the Archaeological Nujoumi Dome (Egypt-Aswan): Identification and Suggested Control Treatments by Natural Products. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodeterioration plays a significant role in the damage and loss of monuments including gypsum work. Bacteria and fungi are mainly responsible for the biodeterioration of gypsum work. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of essential oils (Thyme, clove, cinnamon, garlic, castor, and olive) on the growth of the main fungi and bacteria which isolated from the Nujoumi Dome which is also called the Dome of the Toshka Martyrs and is located in Aswan, Egypt. Microbial swabs were taken from these infected objects, and the isolated microorganisms were characterized. The next genera were identified: four fungal isolates were isolated and identified as Aspergillus japonicas, Aspergillus terrus, Penicillium commune, and Cladosporium elatum while two species of bacteria were isolated, identified as Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes. Garlic oil had the best effect on all isolates, showing 35 and 33 mm inhibition of growth of Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes, respectively, while 28 mm inhabitation of growth of Penicillium commune, 25 mm inhibition of Aspergillus japonicas, and finally 20 mm inhibition of both Aspergillus terrus and Cladosporium elatum. In conclusion, garlic oil could be an effective natural product for controlling the biodeterioration.
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Phenolic profile and investigation of biological activities of Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Antibacterial Activity of Nanoparticles of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract against Different Bacteria Such as Streptococcus mutans and Poryphormonas gingivalis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is important to discover innovative and effective alternative antibacterial agents. Garlic has been recommended as a medicinal plant with antibacterial qualities. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ultrasonicated garlic extract against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus sub. aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Poryphyromonas gingivalis. Aqueous ultrasonicated garlic extract was tested against these strains, and their antibacterial activity quantified using both agar disk diffusion and agar well diffusion methods; the plate count technique was used to estimate the total viable count. Moreover, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and microplate spectrophotometry were used to characterize garlic nanoparticles. The results confirmed that all tested bacteria were sensitive to both sonicated and non-sonicated garlic extracts. Streptococcus mutans was the most susceptible bacteria; on the other hand, Escherichia coli was the most resistant bacteria. Furthermore, characterization of the prepared garlic nanoparticles, showed the presence of organosulfur and phenolic compounds, carboxyl groups, and protein particles. Based on the obtained results, ultrasonicated garlic extract is a potent antibacterial agent. It can come in handy while developing novel antibiotics against bacteria that have developed resistance.
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Yan JK, Zhu J, Liu Y, Chen X, Wang W, Zhang H, Li L. Recent advances in research on Allium plants: functional ingredients, physiological activities, and applications in agricultural and food sciences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8107-8135. [PMID: 35343832 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2056132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables (FVs) have long been a major source of nutrients and dietary phytochemicals with outstanding physiological properties that are essential for protecting humans from chronic diseases. Moreover, the growing demand of consumers for nutritious and healthy foods is greatly promoting the increased intake of FVs. Allium (Alliaceae) is a perennial bulb plant genus of the Liliaceae family. They are customarily utilized as vegetable, medicinal, and ornamental plants and have an important role in agriculture, aquaculture, and the pharmaceutical industry. Allium plants produce abundant secondary metabolites, such as organosulfur compounds, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides. Accordingly, Allium plants possess a variety of nutritional, biological, and health-promoting properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, immunoregulatory, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This review aims to highlight the advances in the research on the bioactive components, physiological activities and clinical trials, toxicological assessment for safety, and applications of different Allium plants. It also aims to cover the direction of future research on the Allium genus. This review is expected to provide theoretical reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of Allium plants in the fields of functional foods, medicine, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
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Xu S, Liao Y, Wang Q, Liu L, Yang W. Current studies and potential future research directions on biological effects and related mechanisms of allicin. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7722-7748. [PMID: 35293826 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2049691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allicin, a thiosulfonate extract from freshly minced garlic, has been reported to have various biological effects on different organs and systems of animals and human. It can reduce oxidative stress, inhibit inflammatory response, resist pathogen infection and regulate intestinal flora. In addition, dozens of studies also demonstrated allicin could reduce blood glucose level, protect cardiovascular system and nervous system, and fight against cancers. Allicin was widely used in disease prevention and health care. However, more investigations on human cohort study are needed to verify the biological or clinical effects of allicin in the future. In this review, we summarized the biological effects of allicin from previous outstanding and valuable studies and provided useful information for future studies on the health effects of allicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Dietary Ingredients, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Dietary Ingredients, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Dietary Ingredients, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Dietary Ingredients, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Hu B, Hu H, Pu C, Wei Z, Wang Q, Kuang H. Three new flavonoid glycosides from the aerial parts of Allium sativum L. and their anti-platelet aggregation assessment. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:5940-5949. [PMID: 35263203 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2047045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Three new flavonoid glycosides, Dasuanxinoside F-H (1-3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Allium sativum, together with eight known compounds which were firstly reported in this plant, including three flavonoid glycosides (4-6) and five phenylethanoid glycosides (7-11). Their structures were identified by UV-vis, IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectra, as well as HR-ESI-MS analyses. The inhibitory effect of the isolated compounds on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was evaluated in vitro. The results showed that most compounds displayed different degrees of inhibition. Among them, 2, 5, 8 and 9 exhibited the strongest activity on platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chuan Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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22
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1′-Acetoxyeugenol Acetate Isolated from Thai Ginger Induces Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells by ROS Production via NADPH Oxidase. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020293. [PMID: 35204176 PMCID: PMC8868116 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizomes of Alpinia galanga (Thai ginger) have been used extensively as a spice in Southeast Asian and Arabian cuisines and reported to possess a wide range of biological properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibacterial. However, the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects induced by Thai ginger and its corresponding active compounds have been poorly characterized. We found that upon EtOH extraction, Thai ginger extract exhibits cytotoxic activity (IC50 < 10 μg/mL) and triggers cell death via caspase-dependent apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells. Among the three major compounds isolated from the extract, 1′-acetoxyeugenol acetate (AEA) exhibited potent cytotoxic activity in human ovarian cancer cells, SKOV3 and A2780. AEA induced apoptotic cell death through the activation of caspases-3 and -9. Notably, AEA enhanced the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the application of an antioxidant markedly reversed AEA-induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. The knockdown of p47phox, a subunit of NADPH oxidase, suppressed both the pro-apoptotic and ROS-inducing effects of AEA. Additionally, the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by AEA through ROS regulation was found to be involved in AEA-induced apoptosis. Altogether, these results suggest that AEA exhibits potent apoptosis-inducing activity through the activation of the intrinsic pathway via ROS-mediated MAPK signaling in human ovarian cancer cells.
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New cytochalasan alkaloids and cyclobutane dimer from an endophytic fungus Cytospora chrysosperma in Hippophae rhamnoides and their antimicrobial activities. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Alam MA, Bin Jardan YA, Alzenaidy B, Raish M, Al-Mohizea AM, Ahad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1151-1160. [PMID: 34383955 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effect of Zingiber officinale and Hibiscus sabdariffa on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine. METHODS Hypertension was induced in rats (SBP 173.2 ± 1.7 mmHg, mean, 1-24 h). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) of group-I (amlodipine treated), group-II (Z. officinale, and Z. officinale + amlodipine) and group-III (H. sabdariffa, and H. sabdariffa + amlodipine) animals were measured by "tail-cuff system". Pharmacokinetics of amlodipine with and without herbs (Z. officinale or H. sabdariffa) was also investigated. RESULTS Z. officinale as well as H. sabdariffa decreased the SBP, DBP and MBP. Concurrent treatment with Z. officinale + amlodipine (SBP 129.4 ± 4.5) or H. sabdariffa + amlodipine (SBP 130.4 ± 3.9) showed higher decrease in BP (mean, 1-24h), than individually administered amlodipine (SBP 149.5 ± 2.4) or Z. officinale (SBP 150.2 ± 3.1) or H. sabdariffa (SBP 139.1 ± 1.2). These herbs also influenced the Cmax, AUC0-t, and Tmax of amlodipine. H. sabdariffa increased AUC0-t of amlodipine from 81.8 ± 14.7 to 125.0 ± 10.6 (ng h/mL). CONCLUSION Simultaneous administration of Z. officinale or H. sabdariffa with amlodipine, improves its pharmacodynamic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alzenaidy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Clove Buds Essential Oil: The Impact of Grinding on the Chemical Composition and Its Biological Activities Involved in Consumer's Health Security. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9940591. [PMID: 34381841 PMCID: PMC8352679 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9940591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at identifying the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from the Syzygium aromaticum seeds, as well as investigating its biological activities, insecticide effect, and allelopathic properties. The extraction yield was about 14.3 and 7.14% for grounded and ungrounded seeds, respectively. The GC-MS analysis allowed the identification of 17 heterogeneous compounds, including eugenol (68.7-87.4%), as major compound, cyperene (20.5-7.2%), phenethyl isovalerate (6.4-3.6%), and cis-thujopsene (1.9-0.8%), respectively, for grounded and ungrounded seeds. Concerning the antibacterial activity, the diameter of the inhibition zone reached 35 mm when the essential oil extracted from grounded seeds was applied against Escherichia coli. Regarding the antioxidant activity via the DPPH radical scavenging test, the IC50 varied from 1.2 ± 0.1 to 2.8 ± 0.5 μg/mL. With respect to reducing power, the efficient concentration EC50 ranged from 32 to 50 μg/mL. The essential oil exhibited also an allelopathic effect against seeds of Hyoscyamus niger, as well as an insecticide effect against Sitophilus oryzae with a DL50 value of 252.4 μL/L air. These findings enhance the use of this spice as a natural food preservative and encourage its use in several fields, including pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agriculture, and therapy, that could be a strategic way to guarantee the consumer's health.
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Potential application of ginger, clove and thyme essential oils to improve soft cheese microbial safety and sensory characteristics. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Masota NE, Vogg G, Ohlsen K, Holzgrabe U. Reproducibility challenges in the search for antibacterial compounds from nature. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255437. [PMID: 34324599 PMCID: PMC8321225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproducibility of reported antibacterial activities of plant extracts has long remained questionable. Although plant-related factors should be well considered in serious pharmacognostic research, they are often not addressed in many research papers. Here we highlight the challenges in reproducing antibacterial activities of plant extracts. METHODS Plants with reported antibacterial activities of interest were obtained from a literature review. Antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were tested using extracts' solutions in 10% DMSO and acetone. Compositions of working solutions from both solvents were established using LC-MS analysis. Moreover, the availability of details likely to affect reproducibility was evaluated in articles which reported antibacterial activities of studied plants. RESULTS Inhibition of bacterial growth at MIC of 256-1024 μg/mL was observed in only 15.4% of identical plant species. These values were 4-16-fold higher than those reported earlier. Further, 18.2% of related plant species had MICs of 128-256 μg/mL. Besides, 29.2% and 95.8% of the extracts were soluble to sparingly soluble in 10% DMSO and acetone, respectively. Extracts' solutions in both solvents showed similar qualitative compositions, with differing quantities of corresponding phytochemicals. Details regarding seasons and growth state at collection were missing in 65% and 95% of evaluated articles, respectively. Likewise, solvents used to dissolve the extracts were lacking in 30% of the articles, whereas 40% of them used unidentified bacterial isolates. CONCLUSION Reproducibility of previously reported activities from plants' extracts is a multi-factorial aspect. Thus, collective approaches are necessary in addressing the highlighted challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson E. Masota
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gerd Vogg
- Botanical Garden of The University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Knut Ohlsen
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Bhatwalkar SB, Mondal R, Krishna SBN, Adam JK, Govender P, Anupam R. Antibacterial Properties of Organosulfur Compounds of Garlic ( Allium sativum). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:613077. [PMID: 34394014 PMCID: PMC8362743 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.613077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum), a popular food spice and flavoring agent, has also been used traditionally to treat various ailments especially bacterial infections for centuries in various cultures around the world. The principal phytochemicals that exhibit antibacterial activity are oil-soluble organosulfur compounds that include allicin, ajoenes, and allyl sulfides. The organosulfur compounds of garlic exhibit a range of antibacterial properties such as bactericidal, antibiofilm, antitoxin, and anti-quorum sensing activity against a wide range of bacteria including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. The reactive organosulfur compounds form disulfide bonds with free sulfhydryl groups of enzymes and compromise the integrity of the bacterial membrane. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized the development of antibiotic resistance as a global health concern and emphasizes antibiotic stewardship along with the urgent need to develop novel antibiotics. Multiple antibacterial effects of organosulfur compounds provide an excellent framework to develop them into novel antibiotics. The review provides a focused and comprehensive portrait of the status of garlic and its compounds as antibacterial agents. In addition, the emerging role of new technologies to harness the potential of garlic as a novel antibacterial agent is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Bagde Bhatwalkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Rajesh Mondal
- Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, India
| | - Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jamila Khatoon Adam
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Patrick Govender
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajaneesh Anupam
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
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Singh SK, Kumar U, Guleria A, Kumar D. A brief overview about the use of different bioactive liposome-based drug delivery systems in Peritoneal Dialysis and some other diseases. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abfdd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a promising way of treatment used for patients suffering from End-Stage Renal Failure (ESRF). Liposomes are nanocarriers comprised of lipid bilayers encapsulating an aqueous core. Liposomes are extensively used as drug delivery systems and several liposomal nanomedicines have been approved for clinical applications. Nanomedicine constitutes a new direction in peritonitis prevention using peritoneal dialysis (PD). In case of PD; there is a more risk of bacterial infection in the peritoneal cavity along with subcutaneous tunnel and catheter existing site. These infections are the most common complications associated with prolonged peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. To prevent such complications, patients used to treat with suitable antibiotic. Nanocarriers consist of assembly of nano-sized vehicles planned to deliver encapsulated/loaded bioactive(s) to the specific target (tissues or organs) and have provided prominent improved therapeutic efficacy for PD patients. The advantage of bioactive loaded nanocarrier has the efficient capacity to deliver at target specific site in PD. This review focuses mainly on the current use of different liposomal encapsulated bioactive compounds in drug delivery systems in the case of PD and other human diseases and briefly highlights the importance and use of different liposomal encapsulated antimicrobial agents to improve the PD technique.
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Malekifard F, Tavassoli M, Alimoradi M. In vitro assessment of anti- Trichomonas effects of Zingiber officinale and Lavandula angustifolia alcoholic extracts on Trichomonas gallinae. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:95-100. [PMID: 33953879 PMCID: PMC8094141 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.102620.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas gallinae is a parasite that acts as a canker-causing agent and leads to significant loss and mortality, especially in young birds. Metronidazole is the approved drug used for the treatment of trichomoniasis. A non-chemical alternativess such as medical plant extracts are also used to treat this disease due to drug resistance. This study aimed to assess in vitro antitrichomonal effects of Lavandula angustifolia and Zingiber officinale extracts on T. gallinae compared with metronidazole. The T. gallinae samples were obtained from infected pigeons. Multi-well plates filled with different concentrations (5.00, 10.00, 25.00, 50.00, and 100 μg mL-1) were used to perform in vitro analysis. The Z. officinale extract's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the 24-hr period was 25.00 μg mL-1, while it was 50.00 μg mL-1 for metronidazole. The MIC value obtained for L. angustifolia extract in 24-hr was 50.00 μg mL-1. The results indicated that the extracts of Z. officinale and L. angustifolia could act as potential natural agents against trichomoniasis. Furthermore, this study delineated the equal efficiency of L. angustifolia and Z. officinale with that of metronidazole in inhibiting the growth of Trichomonas gallinae trophozoites in culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Malekifard
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mousa Tavassoli
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alimoradi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Tilak TVSVGK, Mehta R. Personal Protective Equipment: Dietary Challenges toward Optimal Hydration and Nutrition during Use. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- TVSVGK Tilak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupali Mehta
- Roopali Mehta Nutrition Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Abirami S, Edwin Raj B, Soundarya T, Kannan M, Sugapriya D, Al-Dayan N, Ahmed Mohammed A. Exploring antifungal activities of acetone extract of selected Indian medicinal plants against human dermal fungal pathogens. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2180-2187. [PMID: 33911934 PMCID: PMC8071918 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A broad spectrum of medicinal plants was used as traditional remedies for various infectious diseases. Fungal infectious diseases have a significant impact on public health. Fungi cause more prevalent infections in immunocompromised individuals mainly patients undergoing transplantation related therapies, and malignant cancer treatments. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antifungal effects of the traditional medicinal plants used in India against the fungal pathogens associated with dermal infections. Indian medicinal plants (Acalypha indica, Lawsonia inermis Allium sativum and Citrus limon) extract (acetone/crude) were tested for their antifungal effects against five fungal species isolated from skin scrapings of fungal infected patients were identified as including Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp., Trichophyton spp. and Geotrichum spp. using well diffusion test and the broth micro dilution method. All plant extracts have shown to have antifungal efficacy against dermal pathogens. Particularly, Allium sativum extract revealed a strong antifungal effect against all fungal isolates with the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 50–100 μg/mL. Strong antifungal activity against Curvularia spp., Trichophyton spp., and Geotrichum spp. was also observed for the extracts of Acalypha indica, and Lawsonia inermis with MFCs of 50–800 μg/mL respectively. The extracts of Citrus limon showed an effective antifungal activity against most of the fungal strains tested with the MFCs of 50–800 μg/mL. Our research demonstrated the strong evidence of conventional plants extracts against clinical fungal pathogens with the most promising option of employing natural-drugs for the treatment of skin infections. Furthermore, in-depth analysis of identifying the compounds responsible for the antifungal activity that could offer alternatives way to develop new natural antifungal therapeutics for combating resistant recurrent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasi Abirami
- Department of Microbiology, Kamaraj College, Thoothukudi, TN, India
| | - B Edwin Raj
- Department of Zoology, Kamaraj College, Thoothukudi, TN, India
| | - T Soundarya
- Department of Microbiology, Kamaraj College, Thoothukudi, TN, India
| | - Marikani Kannan
- Department of Zoology, V.H.N.S.N.College (Autonomous), Virudhunagar 626001, TN, India
| | - Dhanasekaran Sugapriya
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Ad Dawasir Campus, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdullaziz University, Wadi Ad Dawasir Campus, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Noura Al-Dayan
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Ahmed Mohammed
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sawant RS, Zinjurke BD, Binorkar SV. Preventive aspect of ayurveda and yoga towards newly emerging disease COVID-19. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:667-678. [PMID: 33544526 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2) and unique in various facets. The earlier experience from the past severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemics seem to be insufficient and there is need for better strategies in public health and medical care. Ayurved & Yog are well known for their preventive and therapeutic aspect, but not getting utilized properly for prevention of Covid 19 crisis which may also be helpful as supportive therapy along with current line of management. This paper is aimed at unrevealing the role of Ayurved and Yoga guidelines established by Department of AYUSH for prevention from SARS-CoV-2 by providing help to improving the quality of supportive/prophylactic therapy in relation with their immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet S Sawant
- Department of Rasashastra & BK, Smt. K. G. Mittal Punarvasu Ayurved College, Mumbai, India
| | - Bharat D Zinjurke
- Department of Swasthavritta & Yoga, Smt. K. G. Mittal Punarvasu Ayurved College, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandeep V Binorkar
- Department of Agadatantra, R. A. Podar Medical (Ayu.) College, Mumbai, India
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Salem MSED, Mahfouz AY, Fathy RM. The antibacterial and antihemolytic activities assessment of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts and gamma irradiation against the uro-pathogenic multidrug resistant Proteus vulgaris. Biometals 2020; 34:175-196. [PMID: 33244683 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the case of Proteus vulgaris infection, the increased occurrence of multidrug-resistance strains has become a critical challenge in the treatment of urinary tract diseases. Therefore, using plant extracts as eco-friendly antibacterial provides an attractive solution to battle bacterial infection. The current study investigates the antibacterial and antihemolytic activity of nine medicinal plant extracts against P. vulgaris. Citrus limon extract at 150 µg/ml exhibited the highest antimicrobial action against P. vulgaris (the inhibition zone diameter; 22.7 mm). Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are synthesized using the plant extracts of C. limon, Allium sativum, Sonchus bulbosus, Allium cepa, and Asparagus racemosus. The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs synthesized using C. limon extract at 150 µg/ml is significantly increased (33.8 mm). ZnO NPs synthesized using A. cepa, A. racemosus, and C. limon plant extracts are effectively protective for human red blood cells. The ZnO NPs synthesized using C. limon extract are characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and TEM. FTIR revealed that the plant extracts may serve as reducing and capping agents of ZnO NPs. XRD spectra confirmed the crystallinity of ZnO NPs. TEM image demonstrated the formation of spherical shapes of ZnO NPs with an average size of 37.05 nm. SEM of P. vulgaris cells treated with ZnO NPs showed cellular morphological damage compared to the untreated cells. ZnO NPs are synthesized by gamma irradiation as a clean and novel method. This study recommended the promising uses of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs using plant extracts as a natural, unique approach, to control the pathogenicity of P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Salah El-Deen Salem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Yahia Mahfouz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Mohammad Fathy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Mutlu-Ingok A, Firtin B, Karbancioglu-Guler F, Altay F. A study on correlations between antimicrobial effects and diffusion coefficient, zeta potential and droplet size of essential oils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2019-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt was hypothesized that inhibition zone of an essential oil (EO) in a Petri dish might be relevant to its diffusion coefficient (DC) into agar medium, which may be calculated from the Fick’s diffusion. Antibacterial activities of cumin, dill weed, fennel, ginger and oregano EOs were evaluated against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. DCs, zeta potential and droplet sizes of EOs were measured. The inhibition zones of EOs had in accordance with DCs whereas they had a reverse relation with droplet size. The measured DCs were in the range of 0.82–1.50 × 10−12 m2 s−1. The effective DC of EOs calculated from the total flux exhibited good correlations with measured DCs. Outcomes of this study may provide a pre-assessment for the antimicrobial activity of any EOs from its DC. Furthermore, it may help to understand the studies on how EOs pass through a bacterium cell and show antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Mutlu-Ingok
- Faculty of Chemical-Metallurgical, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
- Akcakoca Vocational School, Department of Food Processing, Duzce University, 81650, Akcakoca, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Burcu Firtin
- Faculty of Chemical-Metallurgical, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda Karbancioglu-Guler
- Faculty of Chemical-Metallurgical, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Altay
- Faculty of Chemical-Metallurgical, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sharma S, Yadav A. Gingerol Derivatives as 14α-demethylase Inhibitors: Design and Development of Natural, Safe Antifungals for Immune-compromised Patients. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666191025105752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: :
Currently, clinically used drugs for internal fungal infections have severe
side effects. Patients suffering from severe fungal infections and those at a constant risk of developing
such infections require long-term administration of safe antifungals.
Objective: :
This work deals with the design and development of safe, non-toxic antifungals derived
from natural compounds for immune-compromised patients, such as HIV patients, who are at a constant
risk of developing internal fungal infections.
Methods: :
Molecular modeling, docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed
on the main constituents of ginger and their derivatives to study their capability to inhibit 14α-
demethylase enzyme.
Results: :
Ergosterol is the key component of the fungal cell membrane for its integrity and rigidity,
synthesized from lanosterol catalyzed by 14α-demethylase enzyme. In our studies, it is determined
that 6-gingerol, 6-paradol, 6-shogaol and their imidazole and triazole derivatives can inhibit the synthesis
of ergosterol thus weakening the fungal cell membranes. The triazole derivative of 6-gingerol
forms enhanced binding interactions with the active site residues of 14α-demethylase, carries an
affinity for catalytically required cofactor heme and forms a stable complex with time without the
probability of premature expulsion. Thus, this compound inhibits the formation of ergosterol leading
to weakened fungal cell membranes and eventually death of fungal cells.
Conclusion: :
The triazole derivative of 6-gingerol is recommended as a lead compound for the development
of non-toxic antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University Kanpur 208024, India
| | - Arpita Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University Kanpur 208024, India
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Bin C, Al-Dhabi NA, Esmail GA, Arokiyaraj S, Arasu MV. Potential effect of Allium sativum bulb for the treatment of biofilm forming clinical pathogens recovered from periodontal and dental caries. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1428-1434. [PMID: 32489278 PMCID: PMC7254026 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm producing clinical bacterial isolates were isolated from periodontal and dental caries samples and identified as, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus sanguis, S. salivarius, S. mutansand Staphylococcus aureus. Among the identified bacterial species, S. aureus and S. mutansshowed strong biofilm producing capacity. The other isolated bacteria, Streptococcus sanguis, S. salivarius showed moderate biofilm formation. These pathogens were subjected for the production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) in nutrient broth medium and the strain S. aureus synthesized more amounts of EPS (610 ± 11.2 µg/ml) than S. sanguis (480 ± 5.8 µg/ml).EPS production was found to be less in S. salivarius (52 ± 3.8 µg/ml).The solvent extract of A. sativum bulb showed the phytochemicals such as, carbohydrate, total protein, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and sterioids. The solvent extract of A. sativum bulb showed wide ranges of activity against the selected dental pathogens. The difference in antibacterial activity of the solvent extract revealed differences in solubility of phytochemicals in organic solvents. Ethanol extract was highly active againstS. aureus (25 ± 2 mm). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of crude garlic bulb varied widely and this clearly showed that bacteria exhibits different level of susceptibility to secondary metabolites. MIC value ranged between 20 ± 2 mg/ml and 120 ± 6 mg/ml and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value ranged from 60 ± 5 mg/l to 215 ± 7 mg/ml. To conclude, A. sativum bulb can be effectively used to treat periodontal and dental caries infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Bin
- Department of Stomatology, The Ninth People’S Hospital Of ChongQing, Beibei District, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal Ali Esmail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Choo S, Chin VK, Wong EH, Madhavan P, Tay ST, Yong PVC, Chong PP. Review: antimicrobial properties of allicin used alone or in combination with other medications. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:451-465. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of Zingiber officinale Essential Oil and Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2524-1.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been traditionally employed in south East Asia as well as India and China for treatment of nausea, asthma, fever, vomiting, cough, constipation, pain, arthritis, inflammation, etc. This chapter discusses the phytochemical composition and pharmacological studies of ginger extracts, ginger essential oil (GEO), and active bioactive constituents. The essential oil of fresh and dry ginger was ranged between 0.2% - 2.62% and 0.72% - 4.17% respectively. The bioactive constituent zingiberene, β-sesquiphellandrene, curcumene, β-bisabolene, β-farnesene, camphene, and gingerol and shogal are the major constituents in ginger extracts. These compounds are chief bioactive substances responsible for pharmacological activities such antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anticoagulant, antiradiation, anti-inflammatory, gastrointestinal, antimicrobial, cardiovascular, anti-obesity, and weight loss effects. Future research needs to investigate the suitable duration, maximum dosage of ginger, concerns of overdosage, and its side effects in animal models and humans.
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Juríková T, Viczayová I, Mlček J, Sochor J, Fatrcová-Šramková K, Schwarzová M, Hegedűsová A. The comparative study of medicinal plants utilization as herbal antibiotics by college students. POTRAVINARSTVO 2019. [DOI: 10.5219/1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plant utilization has become more and more popular and increasing number of consumers prefer alternative medicine to synthetic antibiotic. Research dealing with evaluation of medicinal plant usage as herbal antibiotics including the sample of 584 quizzed college students aged 19 – 25 years (337 women, 217 men) originated from Slovak Republic (n = 338), Czech Republic (n = 112) and Hungary (n = 134). According to university and the study programme the following groups were evaluated: Constantine the Philosopher University CPU (PEES – Pre-school and elementary education in Slovak language, PEEH – Pre-school and elementary education in Hungarian language, BI – Biology, RT – Regional Tourism), Mendel University in Brno MU (H – Horticulture), Slovak University of Agriculture SUA (H – Horticulture), University of Pécs UP (PE – Physical education), Comenius University CU (PE – Physical education). The study was aimed at the evaluation of the significance of the country and the study programme for the use of the most commonly used herbs: plantain, elderberry, stinging nettle, ginger and coneflower (Echinacea). Our results showed that the choice of preferred medicinal plants as herbal antibiotics during illness had not been clearly influenced by country or field of study programme. Plantain was the most frequently used herb by students of UP/PE (51.5%), CPU/PEES and CPU/PEEH (47.9%; 41.1%). Elderberry was the most popular herb among the students CPU/BI (52.9%), CPU/RT and SUA/H (37.8%). Stinging nettle was preferred as the most popular herb in groups of CPU/RT (46%). The significantly lower consumption of Echinacea was noticed in MU/H 4.5% in comparison with groups, CU/PE 26.4% (p <0.05), CPU/PEEH 27.4% (p <0.01), UP/PE 17.2% (p <0.05) and CPU/RT 28% (p <0.05). Regularly, all the year round the highest utilization of Echinacea was evident in CPU/BI 30.0%. The highest percentage formed respondent’s utilized Echinacea only during illness. Otherwise, the differences between the frequencies of Echinacea usage cannot be considered as statistically significant. Generally, a significantly higher level of ginger usage was assayed within groups SUA/H 80.0% (p <0.001), CPU/PEEH 66.3% (p <0.001), UP/PE 36.6% (p <0.001), CPU/BI 58.8% (p <0.001), CPU/RT 56.0% (p <0.001), MU/H 78.6% (p <0.001) and CPU/PEES 77.1% (p <0.001) in comparison with the rest of the groups. Daily the respondents from CU/PE 20.8% consumed ginger significantly more often than students belonging to CPU/BI 0.0% (p <0.05) and MU/H 0.0% (p <0.05). Respondents from CPU/PEEH consumed statistically significantly more ginger once a week in comparison with students belonged to MU/H 0.9% (p <0.05). To sum up the research results, we can claim that state or study programme had no clear statistically significant evidence on the regular consumption of medicinal plants as herbal antibiotics.
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Alirezaei S, Godarzi H, Moezi ghadim N, Maheri A. Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) Against Porphyromonas gingivalis: An In-Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/jrdms.4.4.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in the Prevention of Ageing and Degenerative Diseases: Review of Current Evidence. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5054395. [PMID: 31531114 PMCID: PMC6721508 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5054395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the age of the population is increasing as a result of increased life expectancy. Ageing is defined as the progressive loss of physiological integrity, which can be characterized by functional impairment and high vulnerability to various types of diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have reported that the presence of oxidative stress and inflammation contributes to the development of these diseases. In general, oxidative stress could induce proinflammatory cytokines and reduce cellular antioxidant capacity. Increased oxidative stress levels beyond the production of antioxidant agents cause oxidative damage to biological molecules, including DNA, protein, and carbohydrates, which affects normal cell signalling, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis and leads to disease pathogenesis. Since oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to these diseases, ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is one of the potential herbs that can be used to reduce the level of oxidative stress and inflammation. Ginger consists of two major active components, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, which are essential for preventing oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, this paper will review the effects of ginger on ageing and degenerative diseases, including AD, PD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and osteoarthritis.
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Osaili TM, Albiss BA, Al–Nabulsi AA, Alromi RF, Olaimat A, Al‐Holy M, Savvaidis I, Holley R. Effects of metal oxide nanoparticles with plant extract on viability of foodborne pathogens. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tareq M. Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of AgricultureJordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Borhan A. Albiss
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science and ArtsJordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Anas A. Al–Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of AgricultureJordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Rawan F. Alromi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of AgricultureJordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Amin Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and DieteticsFaculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Hashemite University Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Murad Al‐Holy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and DieteticsFaculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Hashemite University Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ioannis Savvaidis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Food Microbiology, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Richard Holley
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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Shaheen G, Akram M, Jabeen F, Ali Shah SM, Munir N, Daniyal M, Riaz M, Tahir IM, Ghauri AO, Sultana S, Zainab R, Khan M. Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants for the management of urinary tract infection: A systematic review. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:613-624. [PMID: 30932202 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most severe public health problem affecting both sexes but females are more susceptible due to the differences in urogenital and reproductive anatomy, physiology and lifestyle. As in UTI, different parts of the urinary tract are affected and morbidity due to UTI is more common in women of all ages and older men. Due to multi-drug resistant strains and high recurrence rate, UTI has become a major socioeconomic burden. The current review article was aimed to describe the natural therapeutic strategies to manage and cure the UTI. For this purpose, different databases including Google Scholar, Cochrane database, and PubMed etc. were explored. Inclusion criteria were any research article investigating the current therapy of UTI. It was found that microbial infections including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella species are the major causes of UTI with different signs and symptoms including painful urination or dysuria, hematuria, urinary urgency, burning micturition, frequent urination, nausea, and vomiting. Antibiotics like trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, quinolone etc. as the first choice of the drug are used worldwide. However, due to microbial resistance, several life-threatening side effects, repeated high doses, high cost and low efficacy of these antibiotics motivated the researchers to explore natural remedies for the treatment of UTI. Herbal medicines are effective to combat bacterial resistance with high efficacy, and easy availability with minimal or no side effects. For these reasons it has attained the attention of researchers wanting to explore the herbal treatment of UTI. Vaccinium macrocarpon, Tribulus terrestris, Trachyspermum copticum, Cinnamomum verum and Hybanthusenn easpermus are some common medicinal plants reported to have therapeutic potential for the management and cure of the UTI. Although herbal medicines have more potential over conventional medicine but more discoveries are required to explore the phytoconstituents and their mechanism of action responsible for the management and cure of UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Shaheen
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- College of Allied Health Professional, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professional, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aymen Owais Ghauri
- Faculty of pharmacy, Rayaz College of Eastern Medicine, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sabira Sultana
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muslim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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46
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Mohammadi M, Shahisaraee SA, Tavajjohi A, Pournoori N, Muhammadnejad S, Mohammadi SR, Poursalehi R, Delavari H H. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Zingiber officinale and Thymus vulgaris extracts: characterisation, cell cytotoxicity, and its antifungal activity against Candida albicans in comparison to fluconazole. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:114-119. [PMID: 31051440 PMCID: PMC8676021 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluconazole (FLZ) application as a highly successful commercial antifungal azole agent to treat the fungal infections is limited due to emergence of FLZ-resistant candida. In this study, the potential of green synthesised silver nanoparticles (NPs) as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans fungal pathogen is investigated. The extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) plays as reducing agent, capping agent and antifungal agent. The UV-visible spectroscopy shows the peak of surface plasmon resonance of synthesised Ag NPs after a period of time. The synthesised Ag NPs are spherical, with average sizes of 12 and 18 nm based on ginger and thyme extract, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the adsorption of the plant extract on the surface of the as-prepared Ag NPs. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Candida albicans, the antifungal activity of as-prepared green synthesised Ag NPs shows higher inhibitory in comparison to FLZ. Finally, the Ag NPs synthesised via thyme extract shows no cytotoxicity with concentration below 3.5 ppm, which can be considered as an appropriate candidate instead of FLZ to treat the superficial fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohammadi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atiyeh Tavajjohi
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University of Shahr Rey, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Pournoori
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Muhammadnejad
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Poursalehi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Delavari H
- Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran.
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Cosa S, Chaudhary SK, Chen W, Combrinck S, Viljoen A. Exploring Common Culinary Herbs and Spices as Potential Anti-Quorum Sensing Agents. Nutrients 2019; 11:E739. [PMID: 30934945 PMCID: PMC6521156 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing controls bacterial pathogenesis and virulence; hence, interrupting this system renders pathogenic bacteria non-virulent, and presents a novel treatment for various bacterial infections. In the search for novel anti-quorum sensing (AQS) compounds, 14 common culinary herbs and spices were screened for potential antipathogenicity activity against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472. Extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice), Apium graveolens (celery), Capsicum annuum (cayenne pepper) and Syzygium anisatum (aniseed) demonstrated good AQS potential, yielding opaque halo zones ranging from 12⁻19 mm diameter at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (0.350⁻4.00 mg/mL). For the same species, the percentage reduction in violacein production ranged from 56.4 to 97.3%. Zones with violacein inhibitory effects were evident in a celery extract analysed using high performance thin layer chromatography-bio-autography. The major active compound was isolated from celery using preparative-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as 3-n-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide (sedanenolide). Potent opaque zones of inhibition observed on the HPTLC-bio-autography plate seeded with C. violaceum confirmed that sedanenolide was probably largely responsible for the AQS activity of celery. The bacteriocidal properties of many herbs and spices are reported. This study, however, was focussed on AQS activity, and may serve as initial scientific validation for the anti-infective properties ascribed to several culinary herbs and spices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekelwa Cosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Sushil Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Weiyang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Sandra Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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48
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Beristain-Bauza SDC, Hernández-Carranza P, Cid-Pérez TS, Ávila-Sosa R, Ruiz-López II, Ochoa-Velasco CE. Antimicrobial Activity of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) and Its Application in Food Products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1573829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Hernández-Carranza
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Teresa Soledad Cid-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Raúl Ávila-Sosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | - Carlos Enrique Ochoa-Velasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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Athawale V, Paralikar P, Ingle AP, Rai M. Biogenically engineered nanoparticles inhibit Fusarium oxysporum causing soft-rot of ginger. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:1084-1089. [PMID: 30964018 PMCID: PMC8676519 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft-rot of ginger (Zingiber officinale) is the most important disease usually caused by Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) leading to significant yield loss. In this study, chitosan, copper and sulphur nanoparticles synthesised from leaf extract of selected plants were screened against two isolates of F. oxysporum recovered from the infected rhizome of ginger and soil samples. Moreover, among these, sulphur nanoparticles showed maximum inhibition of F. oxysporum isolated from soil samples (ZOI = 12.33 mm) followed by copper (ZOI = >12 mm) and chitosan nanoparticles (ZOI = >9 mm). Similarly, in the case of F. oxysporum isolated from infected ginger, sulphur nanoparticles showed maximum inhibition (ZOI = 13.33) as compared to copper (ZOI = >11 mm) and chitosan nanoparticles (ZOI = >9 mm). Considering the high efficacy, sulphur nanoparticles were further evaluated in combination with commercial fungicides, viz., bavistin, ridomil gold, sunflex and streptocycline. The combination of sulphur nanoparticles with bavistin demonstrated maximum inhibition (ZOI = 45.16 mm, MIC -20 µg/ml), whereas the minimum inhibition was shown by its combination with ridomil gold (ZOI = 10.5 mm, MIC -40 µg/ml). Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of sulphur nanoparticles with bavistin can be used for effective and eco-friendly management of F. oxysporum causing soft-rot of ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhavi Athawale
- Department of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priti Paralikar
- Department of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash P Ingle
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
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50
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Coronado-López S, Caballero-García S, Aguilar-Luis MA, Mazulis F, del Valle-Mendoza J. Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxic Effect of Pelargonium peltatum (Geranium) against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:2714350. [PMID: 30622566 PMCID: PMC6304195 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2714350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of the methanolic extract of Pelargonium peltatum (geranium) against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556). METHODS Three extracts of P. peltatum were prepared using the leaf, stem, and root. Nine independent assays were prepared for each type of extract with chlorhexidine at 0.12% as the positive control. The agar diffusion method was performed to determine the antibacterial properties of each extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method, and the cytotoxicity was analyzed by means of the MTT reduction test using a MDCK cell line. RESULTS The root extract had the highest antibacterial effect with a mean result of (27.68 ± 0.97) mm and (30.80 ± 0.55) mm against S. mutans and S. sanguinis, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration for the leaf and root extracts was 250 mg/mL for S. mutans and 125 mg/mL for S. sanguinis. Cytotoxicity assays showed that both extracts had a low cytotoxicity at high concentrations. The cellular viability was highest for the root extract at 95.3% followed by the stem extract at 80.8% and finally the leaf extract with 75.4%. CONCLUSIONS These findings show the antibacterial properties of the methanolic extracts of P. pelargonium against S. mutans and S. sanguinis. These extracts were not cytotoxic at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Coronado-López
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Stefany Caballero-García
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis
- School of Medicine, Research Center and Innovation of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Fernando Mazulis
- School of Medicine, Research Center and Innovation of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Juana del Valle-Mendoza
- School of Medicine, Research Center and Innovation of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
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