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Gómez-Sánchez N, Galindo N, Alfosea-Simón M, Nicolás JF, Crespo J, Yubero E. Chemical composition of PM 10 at a rural site in the western Mediterranean and its relationship with the oxidative potential. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142880. [PMID: 39019189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive chemical characterization (water-soluble ions, organic and elemental carbon, water- and methanol-soluble organic carbon, levoglucosan, and major and trace metals) of PM10 samples collected in a rural area located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula was performed. Additionally, the oxidative potential of the samples, used as an indicator of aerosol toxicity, was determined by the ascorbic acid (OPAA) and dithiothreitol (OPDTT) assays. The average concentration of PM10 during the study period, spanning from late winter to early spring, was 20.2 ± 10.8 μg m-3. Nitrate, carbonate and calcium (accounting for 20% of the average PM10 mass concentration) and organic matter (with a contribution of 28%) were the main chemical components of PM10. Average concentrations of traffic tracers such as elemental carbon, copper and zinc (0.31 μg m-3, 3 ng m-3, and 9 ng m-3, respectively) were low compared with those obtained at an urban site in the same region, due to the almost total absence of traffic in the surrounding of the sampling site. Regarding levoglucosan and K+, which can be considered as tracers of biomass burning, their concentrations (0.12 μg m-3 and 55 ng m-3, respectively) were in the lower range of values reported for other rural areas in Europe, suggesting a moderate contribution form this source to PM10 levels. The results of the Pearson's correlation analysis showed that volume-normalised OPAA and OPDTT levels (average values of 0.11 and 0.32 nmol min-1 m-3, respectively) were sensitive to different PM10 chemical components. Whereas OPAA was not strongly correlated with any of the species measured, good correlation coefficients of OPDTT with water-soluble organic carbon (r = 0.81) and K+ (r = 0.73) were obtained, which points to biomass burning as an important driver of the DTT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Gómez-Sánchez
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain.
| | - Nuria Galindo
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain.
| | - Marina Alfosea-Simón
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain.
| | - Jose F Nicolás
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain.
| | - Javier Crespo
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Yubero
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain.
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Zhao X, Wu T, Zhou W, Han L, Neophytou AM. Reducing air pollution does not necessarily reduce related adults' mortality burden: Variations in 177 countries with different economic levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173037. [PMID: 38740214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to PM2.5 is associated with increased mortality. However, reducing air pollution concentrations does not necessarily reduce the related burden of deaths. Here, we aim to estimate the variations in PM2.5-related mortality due to contributions from key factors - PM2.5 concentration, population exposure, and healthcare levels - for 177 countries from 2000 to 2018 at the 1-km grid scale according to the Global Mortality Exposure Model (GEMM) model. We find that global reductions in PM2.5-related deaths mainly come from high and upper-middle income countries, where lowered air pollutant concentration and better healthcare can offset mortality burdens caused by increasing exposed populations. Changes in population exposure to PM2.5 contribute the most (54 %) to change in global related deaths over the examined period, followed by changes in healthcare (-42 %) and pollution concentrations (4 %). The impacts vary across countries and regions within them due to other drivers, which are significantly influenced by development status. Policies aiming at reducing PM2.5 associated health risks need to account for country-specific balances of these key socioeconomic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- The Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weiqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Lijian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Andreas M Neophytou
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Rendon-Marin S, Higuita-Gutiérrez LF, Gomez-Gallego DM. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Air Pollution among Medical Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:789. [PMID: 38929035 PMCID: PMC11204335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Air pollution has emerged as a global public health concern. Specifically, in Medellín, Colombia, episodes of elevated air pollution have been documented. Medical students' knowledge of air pollution is paramount for implementing future interventions directed toward patients. The aim of this research was to delineate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding air pollution among medical students at a private university in Medellín. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 352 medical students was conducted. A questionnaire was administered, generating scores ranging from 0 to 100, where a higher score signified better knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Data were analyzed using frequencies, summary measures, non-parametric tests, and linear regression. Results: In total, 31% rated the education received at the university on the relationship between health and air quality as fair to poor, and 81% perceived the air quality in the city as poor. The knowledge score was 77.8 (IQR 71.1-85.6), with 90% acknowledging that exposure to air pollution increases the risk of various diseases. The attitudes score was 82.1 (IQR 71.8-87.2), and 25.9% believed that air pollution is a multifactorial problem, rendering their actions ineffective. In terms of practices, the score was 50 (IQR 42.9-57.1), indicating that students either did not employ protective measures against pollution or used inappropriate practices such as masks or air purifiers. Regression analysis revealed no association between knowledge and practices. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore that medical students possess commendable knowledge regarding the health effects of air pollution. However, their adoption of inappropriate practices for self-protection is evident. The lack of correlation between knowledge and practices highlights the necessity of educational initiatives to be complemented by regulatory and cultural interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rendon-Marin
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín 050012, Colombia;
| | - Luis Felipe Higuita-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín 050012, Colombia;
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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Panumasvivat J, Sapbamrer R, Sittitoon N, Khacha-Ananda S, Kiratipaisarl W, Sirikul W, Insian W, Assavanopakun P. Exploring the adverse effect of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) on wildland firefighters' pulmonary function and DNA damage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7932. [PMID: 38575786 PMCID: PMC10994925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chiang Mai encounters severe pollution during the wildfire season. Wildland firefighters encounter various hazards while engaged in fire suppression operations, which encompass significant exposure to elevated concentrations of air pollutants resulting from combustion, especially particulate matter. The adverse effects of wildfire smoke on respiratory health are a significant concern. The objective of this study was to examine the potential adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure on the respiratory function and DNA damage of wildland firefighters. This prospective cohort study conducted in Chiang Mai from January to May 2022 planned to evaluate the health status of wildland firefighters during the pre-peak, peak, and post-peak ambient air pollution seasons. The measurement of PM2.5 was done at every forest fire station, as well as utilizing data from the Pollution Control Department. Participants received general health examinations, spirometry evaluations, and blood tests for DNA damage analysis. Pair t-tests and multiple regression models were used to examine the connection between pulmonary function parameters (FVC, FEV1) and PM2.5 concentration, with a significance level of P < 0.05. Thirty-three peak-season and twenty-one post-peak-season participants were enrolled. Four pre-peak-season wildland firefighters had FVC and FEV1 declines of > 15%. Multiple regression analysis showed a negative association between PM2.5 exposure and FVC% predicted (- 2.81%, 95% CI - 5.27 to - 0.34%, P = 0.027) and a marginally significant negative correlation with FVC (- 114.38 ml, 95% CI - 230.36 to 1.59 ml, P = 0.053). The remaining pulmonary measures showed a statistically insignificant decline. There were no significant changes in DNA damage detected. Wildland firefighters suffered a significant decline in pulmonary function associated with PM2.5 exposure. Spirometry is crucial for monitoring and promptly identifying respiratory issues that occur during wildfire seasons. Further research is recommended to explore DNA damage alterations and their potential association with PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuta Panumasvivat
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center (EnOMEC), Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center (EnOMEC), Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nalin Sittitoon
- School of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Supakit Khacha-Ananda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wuttipat Kiratipaisarl
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center (EnOMEC), Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Data Analytics and Knowledge Synthesis for Health Care, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wittawat Insian
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control 1 Chiang Mai, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai, 50000, Thailand
| | - Pheerasak Assavanopakun
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center (EnOMEC), Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Zhang J, Cao G, Wang W, Qiao H, Chen Y, Wang X, Wang F, Liu W, Cai Z. Stable isotope-assisted mass spectrometry reveals in vivo distribution, metabolism, and excretion of tire rubber-derived 6PPD-quinone in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169291. [PMID: 38104817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) has been identified as a ubiquitous contaminant in the surrounding locality, including air particles, roadside soils, dust, and water. Recently, the prevalence of 6PPD-Q in human urine has accentuated the urgency for investigating its biological fate. To address this, we conducted a stable isotope-assisted high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) assay to unveil the distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicokinetic properties of this contaminant in a mouse model. Mice were fed with a single dose of deuterated 6PPD-Q-d5 at human-relevant exposure levels. Results indicated that 6PPD-Q was quickly assimilated and distributed into bloodstream and main organs of mice, with the concentrations reaching peaks under 1 h following administration. Notably, 6PPD-Q was primarily distributed in the adipose tissue, marked by a significant Cmax (p < 0.05), followed by the kidney, lung, testis, liver, spleen, heart, and muscle. In addition, our measurement demonstrated that 6PPD-Q can penetrate the blood-brain barrier of mice within 0.5 h after exposure. The half-lives (t1/2) of 6PPD-Q in serum, lung, kidney, and spleen of mice were measured at 12.7 ± 0.3 h, 20.7 ± 1.4 h, 21.6 ± 5.3 h, and 20.6 ± 2.8 h, respectively. Using HRMS combined with isotope tracing techniques, two novel hydroxylated metabolites of 6PPD-Q in the mice liver were identified for the first time, which provides new insights into its rapid elimination in-vivo. Meanwhile, fecal excretion was identified as the main excretory pathway for 6PPD-Q and its hydroxylated metabolites. Collectively, our findings extend the current knowledge on the biological fate and exposure status of 6PPD-Q in a mouse model, which has the potential to be extrapolated to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Guodong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Han Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Fuyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Wenlan Liu
- The Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong.
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Zgłobicki W, Baran-Zgłobicka B. Air pollution in major Polish cities in the period 2005-2021: Intensity, effects and attempts to reduce it. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117497. [PMID: 37914007 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Air quality in Poland is among the lowest in Europe due to high emissions of harmful substances. This causes the development of diseases and leads to a high number of premature deaths. Particularly high pollution occurs in parts of urban areas. The most serious problem is unregulated emissions from buildings and vehicles. That is why it is so important to take action to improve air quality at the local level. The study assessed changes in the concentrations of NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5 and benzo(a)pyrene in 11 major Polish cities between 2005 and 2021. In 2021 average levels were: NO2 - 25 μg/m3, O3 - 45 μg/m3, PM10 - 26 μg/m3, PM2.5 -17 μg/m3, benzo(a)pyrene - 2.1 ng/m3. The highest exceedances of WHO standards over the studied period were for PM2.5, followed by NO2 and PM10. The annual average levels fell by 17% for NO2 and by 18% for PM10 between 2005 and 2021, and by 34% for PM2.5 and 27% for benzo(a)pyrene between 2010 and 2021. The most polluted cities are Kraków, Katowice and Łódź. The highest concentrations of pollutants typically occurred in 2006 and 2011, the lowest in 2020. Strategic documents and programmes that formulate objectives for reducing emissions and improving air quality were evaluated. Policy documents enable numerous measures to improve air quality. Plans are not always effectively implemented due to a lack of formal tools and financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Zgłobicki
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Kraśnicka 2d, 20-718, Poland.
| | - Bogusława Baran-Zgłobicka
- Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Kraśnicka 2d, 20-718, Lublin, Poland
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Li B, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Chai E. Research progress of different components of PM 2.5 and ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15965. [PMID: 37749193 PMCID: PMC10519985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PM2.5 is a nonhomogeneous mixture of complex components produced from multiple sources, and different components of this mixture have different chemical and biological toxicities, which results in the fact that the toxicity and hazards of PM2.5 may vary even for the same mass of PM2.5. Previous studies on PM2.5 and ischemic stroke have reached different or even opposing conclusions, and considering the heterogeneity of PM2.5 has led researchers to focus on the health effects of specific PM2.5 components. However, due to the complexity of PM2.5 constituents, assessing the association between exposure to specific PM2.5 constituents and ischemic stroke presents significant challenges. Therefore, this paper reviews and analyzes studies related to PM2.5 and its different components and ischemic stroke, aiming to understand the composition of PM2.5 and identify its harmful components, elucidate their relationship with ischemic stroke, and thus provide some insights and considerations for studying the biological mechanisms by which they affect ischemic stroke and for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke associated with different components of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- First Clinical Medicine College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Erqing Chai
- Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases of Gansu Province, Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Muruganandam N, Mahalingam S, Narayanan R, Rajadurai E. Meandered and muddled: a systematic review on the impact of air pollution on ocular health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:64872-64890. [PMID: 37097565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
From the years 1970-2023, a systematic overview of the diverse consequences of particulate matter on eye health and a disease classification according to acute, chronic, and genetic are presented using the PubMed, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. Various studies on medical aspects correlate with the eye and health. However, from an application perspective, there is limited research on the ocular surface and air pollution. The main objective of the study is to uncover the relationship between eye health and air pollution, particularly particulate matter, along with other external factors acting as aggravators. The secondary goal of the work is to examine the existing models for mimicking human eyes. The study is followed by a questionnaire survey in a workshop, in which the exposure-based investigation was tagged based on their activity. This paper establishes a relationship between particulate matter and its influence on human health, leading to numerous eye diseases like dry eyes, conjunctivitis, myopia, glaucoma, and trachoma. The results of the questionnaire survey indicate that about 68% of the people working in the workshop are symptomatic with tears, blurred vision, and mood swings, while 32% of the people were asymptomatic. Although there are approaches for conducting experiments, the evaluation is not well defined; empirical and numerical solutions for particle deposition on the eye are needed. There prevails a broad gap in the arena of ocular deposition modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niveditha Muruganandam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sneha Mahalingam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramsundram Narayanan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Leirião L, de Oliveira M, Martins T, Miraglia S. A Multi-Pollutant and Meteorological Analysis of Cardiorespiratory Mortality among the Elderly in São Paulo, Brazil-An Artificial Neural Networks Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085458. [PMID: 37107740 PMCID: PMC10138542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, studies that associate air pollution with health effects relate individual pollutants to outcomes such as mortality or hospital admissions. However, models capable of analyzing the effects resulting from the atmosphere mixture are demanded. In this study, multilayer perceptron neural networks were evaluated to associate PM10, NO2, and SO2 concentrations, temperature, wind speed, and relative air humidity with cardiorespiratory mortality among the elderly in São Paulo, Brazil. Daily data from 2007 to 2019 were considered and different numbers of neurons on the hidden layer, algorithms, and a combination of activation functions were tested. The best-fitted artificial neural network (ANN) resulted in a MAPE equal to 13.46%. When individual season data were analyzed, the MAPE decreased to 11%. The most influential variables in cardiorespiratory mortality among the elderly were PM10 and NO2 concentrations. The relative humidity variable is more important during the dry season, and temperature is more important during the rainy season. The models were not subjected to the multicollinearity issue as with classical regression models. The use of ANNs to relate air quality to health outcomes is still very incipient, and this work highlights that it is a powerful tool that should be further explored.
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Guo J, Chai G, Song X, Hui X, Li Z, Feng X, Yang K. Long-term exposure to particulate matter on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1134341. [PMID: 37056647 PMCID: PMC10089304 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1134341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundLong-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) has essential and profound effects on human health, but most current studies focus on high-income countries. Evidence of the correlations between PM and health effects in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially the risk factor PM1 (particles < 1 μm in size), remains unclear.ObjectiveTo explore the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter on the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in LMICs.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases from inception to May 1, 2022. Cohort studies and case-control studies that examine the effects of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 on the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in LMICs were included. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. Outcomes were analyzed via a random effects model and are reported as the relative risk (RR) with 95% CI.ResultsOf the 1,978 studies that were identified, 38 met all the eligibility criteria. The studies indicated that long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and PM1 was associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases: (1) Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity (RR per 1.11 μg/m3, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.17) and mortality (RR per 1.10 μg/m3, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.14) and was significantly associated with respiratory mortality (RR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.38) and morbidity (RR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04); (2) An increased risk of respiratory mortality was observed in the elderly (65+ years) (RR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.47) with long-term exposure to PM2.5; (3) Long-term exposure to PM10 was associated with cardiovascular morbidity (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.13), respiratory morbidity (RR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.69) and respiratory mortality (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10, 1.49); (4) A significant association between long-term exposure to PM1 and cardiovascular disease was also observed.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and PM1 was all related to cardiovascular and respiratory disease events. PM2.5 had a greater effect than PM10, especially on respiratory diseases, and the risk of respiratory mortality was significantly higher for LMICs than high-income countries. More studies are needed to confirm the effect of PM1 on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanmei Guo
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guorong Chai
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guorong Chai
| | - Xuping Song
- Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Xuping Song
| | - Xu Hui
- Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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Wu Q, Yang M, Wu K, Su H, Huang C, Xu Z, Ho HC, Zheng H, Zhang W, Tao J, Dang TAT, Hossain MZ, Khan MA, Bogale D, Cheng J. Abnormal ambient temperature change increases the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis of exposure types, risk, and vulnerable populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160554. [PMID: 36574560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence in support of a short-term association between ambient temperature and cardiac arrest attacks that is a serious manifestation of cardiovascular disease and has a high incidence and low survival rate. However, it remains unrecognized about the hazardous temperature exposure types, exposure risk magnitude, and vulnerable populations. OBJECTIVES We comprehensively summarize prior epidemiological studies looking at the short-term associations of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with various temperature exposures among different populations. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to October 2021 for eligible English language. Temperature exposure was categorized into three types: heat (included high temperature, extreme heat, and heatwave), cold (included low temperature and extreme cold), and temperature variation (included diurnal temperature range and temperature change between two adjacent days). Meta-analysis weighted by inverse variance was used to pool effect estimates. RESULTS This study included 15 studies from 8 countries, totaling around 1 million OHCA events. Extreme heat and extreme cold were significantly associated with an increased risk of OHCA, and the pooled relative risks (RRs) were 1.071 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.019-1.126] and 1.662 (95%CI: 1.138-2.427), respectively. The risk of OHCA was also elevated by heatwaves (RR = 1.248, 95%CI: 1.091-1.427) and more intensive heatwaves had a greater effect. Notably, the elderly and males seemed to be more vulnerable to the effects of heat and cold. However, we did not observe a significant association between temperature variation and the risk of OHCA (1.005, 95%CI: 0.999-1.012). CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to heat and cold may be novel risk factors for OHCA. Considering available studies in limited regions, the temperature effect on OHCA should be urgently confirmed in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Keyu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Thi Anh Thu Dang
- Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Vietnam
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Alfazal Khan
- Matlab Health Research Centre, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel Bogale
- College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asela, Ethiopia
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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12
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Rehman A, Kumari R, Kamthan A, Tiwari R, Srivastava RK, van der Westhuizen FH, Mishra PK. Cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA: An emerging biomarker for airborne particulate matter associated with cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:103-120. [PMID: 36584454 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The association of airborne particulate matter exposure with the deteriorating function of the cardiovascular system is fundamentally driven by the impairment of mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk orchestrated by aberrant redox signaling. The loss of delicate balance in retrograde communication from mitochondria to the nucleus often culminates in the methylation of the newly synthesized strand of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) through DNA methyl transferases. In highly metabolic active tissues such as the heart, mtDNA's methylation state alteration impacts mitochondrial bioenergetics. It affects transcriptional regulatory processes involved in biogenesis, fission, and fusion, often accompanied by the integrated stress response. Previous studies have demonstrated a paradoxical role of mtDNA methylation in cardiovascular pathologies linked to air pollution. A pronounced alteration in mtDNA methylation contributes to systemic inflammation, an etiological determinant for several co-morbidities, including vascular endothelial dysfunction and myocardial injury. In the current article, we evaluate the state of evidence and examine the considerable promise of using cell-free circulating methylated mtDNA as a predictive biomarker to reduce the more significant burden of ambient air pollution on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Rehman
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
| | - Roshani Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
| | - Arunika Kamthan
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
| | | | | | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
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13
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Cortes TR, Silveira IH, de Oliveira BFA, Bell ML, Junger WL. Short-term association between ambient air pollution and cardio-respiratory mortality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281499. [PMID: 36795640 PMCID: PMC9934392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epidemiological studies have reported associations between ambient air pollution and mortality. However, relatively few studies have investigated this relationship in Brazil using individual-level data. OBJECTIVES To estimate the short-term association between exposure to particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) and ozone (O3), and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2012 and 2017. METHODS We used a time-stratified case-crossover study design with individual-level mortality data. Our sample included 76,798 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 36,071 deaths from respiratory diseases. Individual exposure to air pollutants was estimated by the inverse distance weighting method. We used data from seven monitoring stations for PM10 (24-hour mean), eight stations for O3 (8-hour max), 13 stations for air temperature (24-hour mean), and 12 humidity stations (24-hour mean). We estimated the mortality effects of PM10 and O3 over a 3-day lag using conditional logistic regression models combined with distributed lag non-linear models. The models were adjusted for daily mean temperature and daily mean absolute humidity. Effect estimates were presented as odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in each pollutant exposure. RESULTS No consistent associations were observed for both pollutant and mortality outcome. The cumulative OR of PM10 exposure was 1.01 (95% CI 0.99-1.02) for respiratory mortality and 1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.01) for cardiovascular mortality. For O3 exposure, we also found no evidence of increased mortality for cardiovascular (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01) or respiratory diseases (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-1.00). Our findings were similar across age and gender subgroups, and different model specifications. CONCLUSION We found no consistent associations between the PM10 and O3 concentrations observed in our study and cardio-respiratory mortality. Future studies need to explore more refined exposure assessment methods to improve health risk estimates and the planning and evaluation of public health and environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taísa Rodrigues Cortes
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Michelle L. Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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14
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Luo H, Zhang Q, Niu Y, Kan H, Chen R. Fine particulate matter and cardiorespiratory health in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:306-316. [PMID: 36521994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to systematically summarize the epidemiological literature on the cardiorespiratory effects of PM2.5 published during the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020) in China. Original articles published between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2021 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Internet Database and Wanfang Database. Random- or fixed-effects models were used to pool effect estimates where appropriate. Of 8558 records identified, 145 met the full eligibility criteria. A 10 µg/m³ increase in short-term PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with increases of 0.70%, 0.86%, 0.38% and 0.96% in cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, and respiratory morbidity, respectively. The specific diseases with significant associations included stroke, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia and allergic rhinitis. The pooled estimates per 10 µg/m³ increase in long-term PM2.5 exposure were 15.1%, 11.9% and 21.0% increases in cardiovascular, stroke and lung cancer mortality, and 17.4%, 11.0% and 4.88% increases in cardiovascular, hypertension and lung cancer incidence respectively. Adverse changes in blood pressure, heart rate variability, systemic inflammation, blood lipids, lung function and airway inflammation were observed for either short-term or long-term PM2.5 exposure, or both. Collectively, we summarized representative exposure-response relationships between short- and long-term PM2.5 exposure and a wide range of cardiorespiratory outcomes applicable to China. The magnitudes of estimates were generally smaller in short-term associations and comparable in long-term associations compared with those in developed countries. Our findings are helpful for future standard revisions and policy formulation. There are still some notable gaps that merit further investigation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihuan Luo
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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15
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Ecological study of ambient air pollution exposure and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in elderly. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21295. [PMID: 36494401 PMCID: PMC9734746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an independent risk factor, ambient air pollution can assume a considerable part in mortality and worsening of cardiovascular disease. We sought to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease mortality and their risk factors in Iranian's elderly population. This inquiry was conducted ecologically utilizing recorded data on cardiovascular disease mortality from 1990 to 2019 for males and females aged 50 years or more from the Global Burden of Disease dataset. Data was interned into Joinpoint software 4.9.0.0 to present Annual Percent Change (APC), Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC), and its confidence intervals. The relationship between recorded data on ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease' mortality, the prevalence of high systolic blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol levels, high body mass index, and diabetes mellitus type2 was investigated using the Spearman correlation test in R 3.5.0 software. Our finding demonstrated that cardiovascular diseases in elderly males and females in Iran had a general decreasing trend (AAPC = -0.77% and -0.65%, respectively). The results showed a positive correlation between exposure to ambient ozone pollution (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.94) ambient particulate and air pollution (p < 0.001, r = 0.99) and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Also, ambient air pollution was positively correlated with high systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001, r = 0.98), high LDL cholesterol levels (p < 0.001, r = 0.97), high body mass index (p < 0.001, r = 0.91), diabetes mellitus type2 (p < 0.001, r = 0.77). Evidence from this study indicated that ambient air pollution, directly and indirectly, affects cardiovascular disease mortality in two ways by increasing the prevalence of some traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Evidence-based clinical and public health methodologies are necessary to decrease the burden of death and disability associated with cardiovascular disease.
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16
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Cheng J, Su H, Song J, Wang X. Short-term effect of air pollution on childhood epilepsy in eastern China: A space-time-stratified case-crossover and pooled analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107591. [PMID: 36279736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing studies suggest that air pollution exposure is an emerging driver for neurological diseases, but existing evidence on the association between air pollution and epilepsy is scarce. Here, we aimed to quantitatively estimated the short-term effects of various air pollutants on childhood epilepsy hospitalizations in China. METHODS We obtained daily electronic health records on childhood epilepsy hospitalizations and air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10-2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3) from 2016 through 2018 in 10 cities of Anhui Province in China. In the first stage, a space-time-stratified case-crossover analysis was employed to evaluate the short-term association of childhood epilepsy hospitalizations with each air pollutant in Anhui Province. In the second stage, short-term effect of air pollution on childhood epilepsy morbidity reported in Anhui Province and in previous studies was pooled with a random-effect meta-analysis model to get the overall effect of different air pollutants in eastern China. RESULTS This study included 8,181 childhood epilepsy patients from 10 cities in Anhui province of China. The first stage case-crossover analysis in Anhui province found significant associations between higher concentrations of all air pollutants (except O3) and increased risk of childhood epilepsy hospitalizations. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10-2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 concentrations was associated with an increase of 1.1 % [95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.1 %-2.1 %], 1.7 % (95 %CI: 0.5 %-2.9 %), 0.8 % (95 %CI: 0.1 %-1.4 %), 8.5 % (95 %CI: 1.5 %-16.0 %), and 4.3 % (95 %CI: 2.3 %-6.3 %) in epilepsy hospitalizations, respectively. We also observed greater effects of particulate matter in cold season. The second stage meta-analysis that additionally included two prior studies with 43,002 patients from other 11 cities found a marginally significant increase in childhood epilepsy attacks associated with PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 in eastern China. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to both particulate matter and gaseous air pollution was associated with an increased risk of childhood epilepsy exacerbation in eastern China. Our findings suggest that air pollution exposure especially in cold season needs to be considered by children's parents or guardians to prevent epilepsy attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Su
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital), Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Phung VLH, Oka K, Hijioka Y, Ueda K, Sahani M, Wan Mahiyuddin WR. Environmental variable importance for under-five mortality in Malaysia: A random forest approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157312. [PMID: 35839873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors have been associated with adverse health effects in epidemiological studies. The main exposure variable is usually determined via prior knowledge or statistical methods. It may be challenging when evidence is scarce to support prior knowledge, or to address collinearity issues using statistical methods. This study aimed to investigate the importance level of environmental variables for the under-five mortality in Malaysia via random forest approach. METHOD We applied a conditional permutation importance via a random forest (CPI-RF) approach to evaluate the relative importance of the weather- and air pollution-related environmental factors on daily under-five mortality in Malaysia. This study spanned from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016. In data preparation, deviation mortality counts were derived through a generalized additive model, adjusting for long-term trend and seasonality. Analyses were conducted considering mortality causes (all-cause, natural-cause, or external-cause) and data structures (continuous, categorical, or all types [i.e., include all variables of continuous type and all variables of categorical type]). The main analysis comprised of two stages. In Stage 1, Boruta selection was applied for preliminary screening to remove highly unimportant variables. In Stage 2, the retained variables from Boruta were used in the CPI-RF analysis. The final importance value was obtained as an average value from a 10-fold cross-validation. RESULT Some heat-related variables (maximum temperature, heat wave), temperature variability, and haze-related variables (PM10, PM10-derived haze index, PM10- and fire-derived haze index, fire hotspot) were among the prominent variables associated with under-five mortality in Malaysia. The important variables were consistent for all- and natural-cause mortality and sensitivity analyses. However, different most important variables were observed between natural- and external-cause under-five mortality. CONCLUSION Heat-related variables, temperature variability, and haze-related variables were consistently prominent for all- and natural-cause under-five mortalities, but not for external-cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ling Hui Phung
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Kazutaka Oka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Hijioka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mazrura Sahani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin
- Environmental Health Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Basith S, Manavalan B, Shin TH, Park CB, Lee WS, Kim J, Lee G. The Impact of Fine Particulate Matter 2.5 on the Cardiovascular System: A Review of the Invisible Killer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152656. [PMID: 35957086 PMCID: PMC9370264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution exerts several deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounting for 80% of all premature deaths caused by air pollution. Short-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) leads to acute CVD-associated deaths and nonfatal events, whereas long-term exposure increases CVD-associated risk of death and reduces longevity. Here, we summarize published data illustrating how PM2.5 may impact the cardiovascular system to provide information on the mechanisms by which it may contribute to CVDs. We provide an overview of PM2.5, its associated health risks, global statistics, mechanistic underpinnings related to mitochondria, and hazardous biological effects. We elaborate on the association between PM2.5 exposure and CVD development and examine preventive PM2.5 exposure measures and future strategies for combating PM2.5-related adverse health effects. The insights gained can provide critical guidelines for preventing pollution-related CVDs through governmental, societal, and personal measures, thereby benefitting humanity and slowing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaherin Basith
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Balachandran Manavalan
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Chan Bae Park
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Wang-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea;
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.)
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Koo GPY, Zheng H, Pek PP, Hughes F, Lim SL, Yeo JW, Ong MEH, Ho AFW. Clustering of Environmental Parameters and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148476. [PMID: 35886328 PMCID: PMC9318360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The association between days with similar environmental parameters and cardiovascular events is unknown. We investigate the association between clusters of environmental parameters and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) risk in Singapore. Using k-means clustering and conditional Poisson models, we grouped calendar days from 2010 to 2015 based on rainfall, temperature, wind speed and the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) and compared the incidence rate ratios (IRR) of AMI across the clusters using a time-stratified case-crossover design. Three distinct clusters were formed with Cluster 1 having high wind speed, Cluster 2 high rainfall, and Cluster 3 high temperature and PSI. Compared to Cluster 1, Cluster 3 had a higher AMI incidence with IRR 1.04 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.07), but no significant difference was found between Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Subgroup analyses showed that increased AMI incidence was significant only among those with age ≥65, male, non-smokers, non-ST elevation AMI (NSTEMI), history of hyperlipidemia and no history of ischemic heart disease, diabetes or hypertension. In conclusion, we found that AMI incidence, especially NSTEMI, is likely to be higher on days with high temperature and PSI. These findings have public health implications for AMI prevention and emergency health services delivery during the seasonal Southeast Asian transboundary haze.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huili Zheng
- National Registry of Diseases Office, Health Promotion Board, Singapore 168937, Singapore;
| | - Pin Pin Pek
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.P.P.); (M.E.H.O.)
| | - Fintan Hughes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Hospital, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Shir Lynn Lim
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
- Department of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jun Wei Yeo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Marcus E. H. Ong
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.P.P.); (M.E.H.O.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Andrew F. W. Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Pre-Hospital and Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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20
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Adebayo-Ojo TC, Wichmann J, Arowosegbe OO, Probst-Hensch N, Schindler C, Künzli N. Short-Term Effects of PM10, NO2, SO2 and O3 on Cardio-Respiratory Mortality in Cape Town, South Africa, 2006–2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138078. [PMID: 35805737 PMCID: PMC9265394 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: The health effect of air pollution is rarely quantified in Africa, and this is evident in global systematic reviews and multi-city studies which only includes South Africa. Methods: A time-series analysis was conducted on daily mortality (cardiovascular (CVD) and respiratory diseases (RD)) and air pollution from 2006–2015 for the city of Cape Town. We fitted single- and multi-pollutant models to test the independent effects of particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) from co-pollutants. Results: daily average concentrations per interquartile range (IQR) increase of 16.4 µg/m3 PM10, 10.7 µg/m3 NO2, 6 µg/m3 SO2 and 15.6 µg/m3 O3 lag 0–1 were positively associated with CVD, with an increased risk of 2.4% (95% CI: 0.9–3.9%), 2.2 (95% CI: 0.4–4.1%), 1.4% (95% CI: 0–2.8%) and 2.5% (95% CI: 0.2–4.8%), respectively. For RD, only NO2 showed a significant positive association with a 4.5% (95% CI: 1.4–7.6%) increase per IQR. In multi-pollutant models, associations of NO2 with RD remained unchanged when adjusted for PM10 and SO2 but was weakened for O3. In CVD, O3 estimates were insensitive to other pollutants showing an increased risk. Interestingly, CVD and RD lag structures of PM10, showed significant acute effect with evidence of mortality displacement. Conclusion: The findings suggest that air pollution is associated with mortality, and exposure to PM10 advances the death of frail population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Christina Adebayo-Ojo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, 4123 Basel, Switzerland; (O.O.A.); (N.P.-H.); (C.S.); (N.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Janine Wichmann
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Oluwaseyi Olalekan Arowosegbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, 4123 Basel, Switzerland; (O.O.A.); (N.P.-H.); (C.S.); (N.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, 4123 Basel, Switzerland; (O.O.A.); (N.P.-H.); (C.S.); (N.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schindler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, 4123 Basel, Switzerland; (O.O.A.); (N.P.-H.); (C.S.); (N.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nino Künzli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, 4123 Basel, Switzerland; (O.O.A.); (N.P.-H.); (C.S.); (N.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Khosravipour M, Safari-Faramani R, Rajati F, Omidi F. The long-term effect of exposure to respirable particulate matter on the incidence of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:42347-42371. [PMID: 35355187 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies have investigated the long-term association of respirable particulate matter (PM ≤ 10 µm) with the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), this association is inconclusive or even contradictory. This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to quantify the long-term effect of exposure to respirable PM on the incidence of MI. To find relevant publications, online databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched on October 10, 2021. A random-effect model was used to calculate the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of MI across studies. Heterogeneity was presented with reporting I2 index. Of 4591 records found in the primary searching, the number of 24 prospective cohort studies with more than 70 million participants was included. The pooled HR (95% CI) of MI per 1 µg/m3 increment of respirable PM was estimated as 1.01 (1.00, 1.01). Subgroup analyses according to aerodynamic diameter of PM showed an only significant stronger risk of MI per 1 µg/m3 increase in PM with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.01). No sex difference was found in the association of respirable PM with MI incidence. There was only a significant association among studies defined MI as ICD-10: I21 code (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.01) and studies defined MI as ICD-10: I21-22 (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.04). No significant publication bias was observed across studies. In conclusion, this study confirms a significant association between long-term exposure to respirable PM air pollution and development of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Khosravipour
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Safari-Faramani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajati
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Omidi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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22
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Miao Y, Porter WC, Schwabe K, LeComte-Hinely J. Evaluating health outcome metrics and their connections to air pollution and vulnerability in Southern California's Coachella Valley. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153255. [PMID: 35066029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing desiccation of California's Salton Sea has led to increasing concerns about air quality and health for its surrounding communities, including the nearby Coachella Valley - a region already experiencing severe air quality and health disparities. Here we explore spatial air pollution and human health disparities in the Coachella Valley with particular attention to disparities arising across population characteristics including both socioeconomic and demographic vulnerabilities. We use two different measures of respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes at the individual and census tract levels - one measure based on a randomly sampled telephone survey and the other measure based on emergency room visitation data - to investigate the degree to which these health outcomes are connected to air pollution and socioeconomic metrics. We further investigate biases and differences between the health outcome metrics themselves and suggest opportunities to address them in future analyses and survey efforts. We find that more vulnerable communities are associated with higher levels of fine particulates, but lower levels of ozone. While emergency visit rates show a significant positive correlation with both pollutants, no such association is found when using surveyed health outcome data. The ratio of emergency visits versus survey rates shows a positive relationship with socioeconomic and demographic vulnerability, indicating that vulnerable communities are less likely to self-report diagnoses despite higher rates of respiratory or cardiovascular hospitalization. Additionally, survey respondents tend to show less vulnerability relative to their surrounding census-based demographics. These findings suggest the need for greater attention to health issues specifically within disadvantaged communities in the Coachella Valley, building upon and working within existing community networks and local resources, to better address current and projected health needs. Our findings also highlight disparities in air pollution exposure, health outcomes, and population characteristics in the Coachella Valley, providing context for crucial pollution reduction efforts in the face of increasing environmental threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Miao
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - William C Porter
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Kurt Schwabe
- School of Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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23
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Patra A, Phuleria HC. Inequalities in occupational exposures among people using popular commute modes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118797. [PMID: 35016987 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several recent studies have looked into the differences in air qualities inside popular commute modes. The impact of daily commuting patterns and work-related trips on inhalation doses, however, are not investigated. The purpose of this study is to quantify the variation in air pollutants within popular commute modes in Mumbai, India, and to estimate the variation in exposure as a result of occupational or work-related trips across different sub-groups. Real-time pollutants, both gaseous and particulate matters (PM), were measured on a pre-defined route during rush and non-rush hours on buses, cars, auto-rickshaws, sub-urban trains, and motorbikes through several trips (N = 98). Household surveys were conducted to estimate the exposures of different occupational subgroups (cab-driver, auto-rickshaw drivers, delivery persons) and people commuting to their offices daily. Participants (N = 800) from various socioeconomic backgrounds in the city were asked about their job categories, work-activity patterns, and work-related commute trips. Mass concentrations of particles in different size ranges (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) were substantially higher (p < 0.05) inside auto-rickshaws (44.6 μg/m3, 84.7 μg/m3, and 138.3 μg/m3) compared to other modes. Inside cars, gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Although both gaseous and particulate concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) inside buses, bus-commuters were found to be highly exposed to the pollutants due to the extended trip time (∼1.2 times longer than other modes) and driving conditions. Office commuters inhale a large fraction of their daily doses (25-30%) during their work-related travel. Occupational sub-groups, on the other hand, inhale ∼90% of the pollutants during their work. In a day, an auto-rickshaw driver inhales 10-15% more (p < 0.05) pollutants than cab driver or delivery personnel. Therefore, this study highlights the inequalities in occupational exposure as a combined effect of in-cabin air qualities and commute patterns due to occupational obligations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Patra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Harish C Phuleria
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India; Interdisciplinary Programme (IDP) in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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24
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Short-Term Joint Effects of PM 10, NO 2 and SO 2 on Cardio-Respiratory Disease Hospital Admissions in Cape Town, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010495. [PMID: 35010755 PMCID: PMC8744938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim: In sub-Sahara Africa, few studies have investigated the short-term association between hospital admissions and ambient air pollution. Therefore, this study explored the association between multiple air pollutants and hospital admissions in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modelling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM10, NO2, and SO2 up to a lag of 21 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and stratified our analysis by age group, sex, and season. Results: The overall relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for PM10, NO2, and SO2 at lag 0–1 for hospital admissions due to respiratory disease (RD) were 1.9% (0.5–3.2%), 2.3% (0.6–4%), and 1.1% (−0.2–2.4%), respectively. For cardiovascular disease (CVD), these values were 2.1% (0.6–3.5%), 1% (−0.8–2.8%), and −0.3% (−1.6–1.1%), respectively, per inter-quartile range increase of 12 µg/m3 for PM10, 7.3 µg/m3 for NO2, and 3.6 µg/m3 for SO2. The overall cumulative risks for RD per IQR increase in PM10 and NO2 for children were 2% (0.2–3.9%) and 3.1% (0.7–5.6%), respectively. Conclusion: We found robust associations of daily respiratory disease hospital admissions with daily PM10 and NO2 concentrations. Associations were strongest among children and warm season for RD.
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Trushna T, Dhiman V, Raj D, Tiwari RR. Effects of ambient air pollution on psychological stress and anxiety disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:501-521. [PMID: 34821119 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ambient air pollution (AAP) is an important risk factor for increased mental health morbidity. Studies have highlighted the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. However, existing evidence regarding this is largely equivocal. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to synthesize published evidence to calculate the pooled estimate of the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. CONTENT A systematic bibliographic search was undertaken using PubMed, JGateplus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library for observational human studies published in English till 31st March 2020 reporting the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Meta-analysis was performed adopting a random-effects model using Meta-XL. Of 412 articles retrieved, a total of 30 articles [AAP and anxiety disorders, (n=17, 57%); AAP and psychological stress, (n=9, 30%) and AAP and both psychological stress and anxiety disorders, (n=4, 13%)] fulfilled the inclusion criteria covering a total population of 973,725 individuals. The pooled estimate (OR) of the effects of PM10 on psychological stress was 1.03 [(95% CI: 1.00, 1.05) (p=0.17, I 2=41%)]. The pooled estimate of the effects of NO2 and PM10 on anxiety disorder was 0.93 [(95% CI: 0.89, 0.97) (p=0.91, I 2=0%)] and 0.88 [(95% CI: 0.78, 0.98) (p=0.01, I 2=59%)] respectively. The pooled estimate of the effects of PM2.5 on anxiety Disorder was 0.88 [(95% CI: 0.72, 1.06) (p=0.00, I 2=80%)]. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK The present study provides the most updated pooled estimate of the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. Future studies should focus on longitudinal studies conducted in LIC and LMIC countries using uniform and standardized criteria for exposure and outcome assessment as well as robust adjustment for confounders to minimize methodological heterogeneity resulting in reliable and comparable estimation of environmental mental health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanwi Trushna
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Dhiman
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dharma Raj
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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26
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Lu CC, Chiu YH, Yang CY, Lin TY. Evaluating the energy, health efficiency, and productivity in OECD. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4347-4365. [PMID: 33860890 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past, energy and environmental research focused on the performance of individual efficiencies. In order to make up for the research deficiencies, this research uses SBM (slack-based measures) dynamic network DEA (DN-SBM) to assess energy, health efficiency, and DN-TFP productivity changes from 2011 to 2015. This research uses forest area as the carryover that can objectively measure the performance of OECD energy, health, and total efficiency, and calls for the importance of forest protection and planting. The empirical results show that Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden, and Turkey have the best overall efficiency performance, while Ireland (0.4469), Israel (0.4179), and the Netherlands (0.3697) are the three worst. In total, 29 economies show progress in terms of productivity. Moreover, Chile (0.9706), Mexico (0.9995), Slovak Republic (0.9942), Turkey (0.9815), and the UK (0.9886) exhibit a slight decline. The overall efficiency value of 20 countries is greater than the average, and their productivity is showing an upward trend. Only the UK (0.5081, 0.9886) has an overall efficiency value that is less than the overall average with productivity that is showing a drop. About research method, this study utilizes dynamic intertemporal data to evaluate the changes in the overall efficiency and productivity of OECD members with DN-SBM and DN-TFP indices in order to offer more objective research results for various economies that are useful for formulating policies related to energy, national health, and forest conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Cheng Lu
- Department of Business, National Open University, No. 172, Zhongzheng Road, Luzhou District, New Taipei City, 247, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Ho Chiu
- Department of Economics, Soochow University, 56, Kueiyang St., Sec. 1, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chih-Yu Yang
- Department of Economics, Soochow University, 56, Kueiyang St., Sec. 1, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Yu Lin
- Department of Business Administration, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan, ROC
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27
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da Silveira Fleck A, Sadoine ML, Buteau S, Suarthana E, Debia M, Smargiassi A. Environmental and Occupational Short-Term Exposure to Airborne Particles and FEV 1 and FVC in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010571. [PMID: 34682321 PMCID: PMC8536058 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: No study has compared the respiratory effects of environmental and occupational particulate exposure in healthy adults. Methods: We estimated, by a systematic review and meta-analysis, the associations between short term exposures to fine particles (PM2.5 and PM4) and certain parameters of lung function (FEV1 and FVC) in healthy adults. Results: In total, 33 and 14 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and meta-analyses, respectively. In environmental studies, a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an FEV1 reduction of 7.63 mL (95% CI: −10.62 to −4.63 mL). In occupational studies, an increase of 10 µg/m3 in PM4 was associated with an FEV1 reduction of 0.87 mL (95% CI: −1.36 to −0.37 mL). Similar results were observed with FVC. Conclusions: Both occupational and environmental short-term exposures to fine particles are associated with reductions in FEV1 and FVC in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan da Silveira Fleck
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 2375 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (A.d.S.F.); (M.L.S.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Av du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Margaux L. Sadoine
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 2375 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (A.d.S.F.); (M.L.S.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Av du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Stéphane Buteau
- Institut National de Sante Publique du Québec (INSPQ), 190 Boul Crémazie E, Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada;
| | - Eva Suarthana
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 2155 Rue Guy, Montreal, QC H3H 2L9, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche de l’Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (CRHSCM), 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Maximilien Debia
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 2375 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (A.d.S.F.); (M.L.S.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Av du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 2375 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (A.d.S.F.); (M.L.S.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Av du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Institut National de Sante Publique du Québec (INSPQ), 190 Boul Crémazie E, Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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28
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Fleck ADS, Debia M, Ryan PE, Couture C, Traub A, Evans GJ, Suarthana E, Smargiassi A. Assessment of the Oxidative Potential and Oxidative Burden from Occupational Exposures to Particulate Matter. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 66:379-391. [PMID: 34595509 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative potential (OP) is a toxicologically relevant metric that integrates features like mass concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter (PM). Although it has been extensively explored as a metric for the characterization of environmental particles, this is still an underexplored application in the occupational field. This study aimed to estimate the OP of particles in two occupational settings from a construction trades school. This characterization also includes the comparison between activities, sampling strategies, and size fractions. Particulate mass concentrations (PM4-Personal, PM4-Area, and PM2.5-Area) and number concentrations were measured during three weeks of welding and construction/bricklaying activities. The OP was assessed by the ascorbate assay (OPAA) using a synthetic respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF), while the oxidative burden (OBAA) was determined by multiplying the OPAA values with PM concentrations. Median (25th-75th percentiles) of PM mass and number concentrations were 900 (672-1730) µg m-3 and 128 000 (78 000-169 000) particles cm-3 for welding, and 432 (345-530) µg m-3 and 2800 (1700-4400) particles cm-3 for construction. Welding particles, especially from the first week of activities, were also associated with higher redox activity (OPAA: 3.3 (2.3-4.6) ρmol min-1 µg-1; OBAA: 1750 (893-4560) ρmol min-1 m-3) compared to the construction site (OPAA: 1.4 (1.0-1.8) ρmol min-1 µg-1; OBAA: 486 (341-695) ρmol min-1 m-3). The OPAA was independent of the sampling strategy or size fraction. However, driven by the higher PM concentrations, the OBAA from personal samples was higher compared to area samples in the welding shop, suggesting an influence of the sampling strategy on PM concentrations and OBAA. These results demonstrate that important levels of OPAA can be found in occupational settings, especially during welding activities. Furthermore, the OBAA found in both workplaces largely exceeded the levels found in environmental studies. Therefore, measures of OP and OB could be further explored as metrics for exposure assessment to occupational PM, as well as for associations with cardiorespiratory outcomes in future occupational epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan da Silveira Fleck
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maximilien Debia
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Eddy Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Couture
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alison Traub
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, University of Toronto Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg J Evans
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, University of Toronto Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Suarthana
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (CRHSCM), 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut National de Sante Publique du Québec (INSPQ), 190 Boul Crémazie E, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Respiratory Emergency Department Visits Associations with Exposures to PM 2.5 Mass, Constituents, and Sources in Dhaka, Bangladesh Air Pollution. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 19:28-38. [PMID: 34283949 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202103-252oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE To date, there is no published local epidemiological evidence documenting the respiratory health effects of source specific air pollution in South Asia, where PM2.5 composition is different from past studies. Differences include more biomass and residue crop-burning emissions, which may have differing health implications. OBJECTIVES We assessed PM2.5 associations with respiratory emergency department (ED) visits in a biomass-burning dominated high pollution region, and evaluated their variability by pollution source and composition. METHODS Time-series regression modeling was applied to daily ED visits from January 2014 through December 2017. Air pollutant effect sizes were estimated after addressing long-term trends and seasonality, day-of-week, holidays, relative humidity, ambient temperature, and the effect modification by season, age, and sex. RESULTS PM2.5 yielded a significant association with increased respiratory ED visits [0.84% (95% CI: 0.33%, 1.35%)] per 10 μg/m3 increase. The PM2.5 health effect size varied with season, the highest being during monsoon season, when fossil-fuel combustion sources dominated exposures. Results from a source-specific health effect analysis was also consistent with fossil-fuel PM2.5 having a larger effect size per 10 μg/m3 than PM2.5 from other sources [fossil-fuel PM2.5: 2.79% (0.33% to 5.31%), biomass-burning PM2.5: 1.27% (0% to 2.54%), and other-PM2.5: 0.95% (0.06% to 1.85%)]. Age-specific associations varied, with children and older adults being disproportionately affected by the air pollution, especially by the combustion-related particles. CONCLUSIONS This study provided novel and important evidence that respiratory health in Dhaka is significantly affected by particle air pollution, with a greater health impact by fossil-fuel combustion derived PM2.5.
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Cao D, Li D, Wu Y, Qian ZM, Liu Y, Liu Q, Sun J, Guo Y, Zhang S, Jiao G, Yang X, Wang C, McMillin SE, Zhang X, Lin H. Ambient PM 2.5 exposure and hospital cost and length of hospital stay for respiratory diseases in 11 cities in Shanxi Province, China. Thorax 2021; 76:thoraxjnl-2020-215838. [PMID: 34088786 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the effects of ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on hospital cost and length of hospital stay for respiratory diseases in China. METHODS We estimated ambient air pollution exposure for respiratory cases through inverse distance-weighted averages of air monitoring stations based on their residential address and averaged at the city level. We used generalised additive models to quantify city-specific associations in 11 cities in Shanxi and a meta-analysis to estimate the overall effects. We further estimated respiratory burden attributable to PM2.5 using the standards of WHO (25 µg/m3) and China (75 µg/m3) as reference. RESULTS Each 10 µg/m3 increase in lag03 PM2.5 corresponded to 0.53% (95% CI: 0.33% to 0.73%) increase in respiratory hospitalisation, an increment of 3.75 thousand RMB (95% CI: 1.84 to 5.670) in hospital cost and 4.13 days (95% CI: 2.51 to 5.75) in length of hospital stay. About 9.7 thousand respiratory hospitalisations, 132 million RMB in hospital cost and 145 thousand days of hospital stay could be attributable to PM2.5 exposures using WHO's guideline as reference. We estimated that 193 RMB (95% CI: 95 to 292) in hospital cost and 0.21 days (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.30) in hospital stay could be potentially avoidable for an average respiratory case. CONCLUSION Significant respiratory burden could be attributable to PM2.5 exposures in Shanxi Province, China. The results need to be factored into impact assessment of air pollution policies to provide a more complete indication of the burden addressed by the policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Cao
- Department of Respiration, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Dongyan Li
- Department of Respiration, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yinglin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Respiration, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jimin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyuan Jiao
- Department of Ideological and Political Education, School of Marxism, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoran Yang
- Department of Standards and Evaluation, Beijing Municipal Health Commission Policy Research Center, Beijing Municipal health Commission Information Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Stephen Edward McMillin
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xinri Zhang
- Department of Respiration, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Cheng J, Ho HC, Webster C, Su H, Pan H, Zheng H, Xu Z. Lower-than-standard particulate matter air pollution reduced life expectancy in Hong Kong: A time-series analysis of 8.5 million years of life lost. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129926. [PMID: 33607490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing studies reported increased mortality risk associated with exposure to lower-than-standard air pollution. This study aimed to investigate mortality burden and life expectancy loss due to lower-than-standard particulate matter air pollution in Hong Kong, China. METHODS We obtained 17-year (2000-2016) daily time-series data on mortality, particulate matters with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and <10 μm (PM10). We applied a distributed lag non-linear model to fit the association of years of life lost (YLL) with PM2.5 and PM10. Total YLL attributable to PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations below ambient air quality standards were estimated. RESULTS We estimated 5.2% of total YLL due to PM2.5, of which, 33.5%, 52.8% and 94.5% occurred in concentrations not exceeding the criterion of WHO, the USA, and China, corresponding to 0.3, 0.4 and 0.7 years loss in life expectancy, respectively. There was 6.9% (annual 34434.4 YLL) of total YLL due to PM10, of which, 50.7%, 50.7%, 99.5% and 99.5% occurred in concentrations below the criterion of WHO, Europe, the USA, and China, which corresponded to 0.5, 0.5, 1 and 1 year loss in life expectancy, respectively. Assuming that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations had met stricter standards, more gains in life expectancy could be expected in women than in men, in people aged up to 64 years than those of 65 years or older, and in those with respiratory disease than those with cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to lower-than-standard particulate matters air pollution could shorten life expectancy and incur massive mortality burden in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris Webster
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, Faculty of Architecture, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Su
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Haifeng Pan
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Association between Atrial Fibrillation Incidence and Temperatures, Wind Scale and Air Quality: An Exploratory Study for Shanghai and Kunming. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13095247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a common cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation has the characteristics of high morbidity, high disability, and high fatality rates, seriously endangering human health and sustainability. Some research has confirmed that environmental factors are related to the risk of illness and death from cardiovascular diseases (including atrial fibrillation), while there is still little comparison on the situation of the two cities in China. This research uses medical data in Shanghai and Kunming establishing, through two-step research, logistic models to compare the impacts on atrial fibrillation incidence to figure out the association between environmental factors (including air pollution, weather, temperature, and wind scales) and atrial fibrillation. Finally, this research shows that environmental impacts on atrial fibrillation prevalence have generality, regionality, and lagging characteristics. The result is significant for atrial fibrillation patients and provides a reliable medical theory basis for nursing measures. Besides, this research provides a prospective method of offering early warning for potential atrial fibrillation patients, helping to maintain human beings’ sustainable development.
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Trushna T, Tripathi AK, Rana S, Tiwari RR. Nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties as intervention for reducing the health effects of fine particulate matter: Potential and Prospects. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1639-1660. [PMID: 33845731 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210412121226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution, especially particulate matter pollution adversely affects human health. A growing pool of evidence has emerged which underscores the potential of individual-level nutritional interventions in attenuating the adverse health impact of exposure to PM2.5. Although controlling emission and reducing the overall levels of air pollution remains the ultimate objective globally, the sustainable achievement of such a target and thus consequent protection of human health will require a substantial amount of time and concerted efforts worldwide. In the meantime, smaller-scale individual-level interventions that can counter the inflammatory or oxidative stress effects triggered by exposure to particulate matter may be utilized to ameliorate the health effects of PM2.5 pollution. One such intervention is incorporation of nutraceuticals in the diet. Here, we present a review of the evidence generated from various in vitro, in vivo and human studies regarding the effects of different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutraceuticals in ameliorating the health effects of particulate matter air pollution. The studies discussed in this review suggest that these nutraceuticals when consumed as a part of the diet, or as additional supplementation, can potentially negate the cellular level adverse effects of exposure to particulate pollution. The potential benefits of adopting a non-pharmacological diet-based approach to air pollution-induced disease management have also been discussed. We argue that before a nutraceuticals-based approach can be used for widespread public adoption, further research, especially human clinical trials, is essential to confirm the beneficial action of relevant nutraceuticals and to explore the safe limits of human supplementation and the risk of side effects. Future research should focus on systematically translating bench-based knowledge regarding nutraceuticals gained from in-vitro and in-vivo studies into clinically usable nutritional guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanwi Trushna
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal- 462030. India
| | - Amit K Tripathi
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal- 462030. India
| | - Sindhuprava Rana
- Department of Bioinformatics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal- 462030. India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal-462030, Madhya Pradesh. India
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Effects of PM10 and Weather on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Ciuc Basin (Romanian Carpathians). ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the PM10 concentration, respiratory and cardiovascular disease hospital admissions evolution in the Ciuc basin for a period of 9 years (2008–2016), taking into consideration different meteorological conditions: boundary layer, lifting condensation level, temperature-humidity index, and wind chill equivalent chart index. The PM10 and hospital admissions evolution showed a very fluctuated hourly, weekly, monthly, yearly tendency. The PM10 concentration in winter (34.72 μg/m3) was 82% higher than the multiannual average (19.00 μg/m3), and almost three times higher than in summer (11.71 μg/m3). During the winter, PM10 concentration increased by an average of 9.36 μg/m3 due to the increased household heating. Climatological parameters have a demonstrable effect on the PM10 concentration variation. Children, the elderly and men are more sensitive to air pollution, the calculated relative risk for men was (RR = 1.45), and for women (RR = 1.37), respectively. A moderate correlation (0.51) was found between PM10 and pneumonia (P), while a relatively weak correlation (0.39) was demonstrated in the case of PM10 and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Furthermore, except thermal humidity index (THI), strong negative correlations were observed between the multiannual monthly mean PM10 and the meteorological data. The PM10 followed a moderate negative correlation with the boundary layer (−0.61). In the case of URTI and P, the highest number of hospital admissions occurred with a 5 to 7-day lag, while the 10 μg/m3 PM10 increase resulted in a 2.04% and 8.28% morbidity increase. For lung cancer (LC) and cardiovascular diseases (AMI, IHD, CCP), a maximum delay of 5–6 months was found. Three-month delay and an average growth of 1.51% was observed in the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overall, these findings revealed that PM10 was and it is responsible for one-third of the diseases.
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Shin HH, Parajuli RP, Gogna P, Maquiling A, Dehghani P. Pollutant-sex specific differences in respiratory hospitalization and mortality risk attributable to short-term exposure to ambient air pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:143135. [PMID: 33168238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported associations of individual pollutants with respiratory hospitalization and mortality based on different populations, which makes it difficult to directly compare adverse health effects among multiple air pollutants. OBJECTIVES The study goal is to compare acute respiratory-related hospitalization and mortality associated with short-term exposure to three ambient air pollutants and analyze differences in health risks by season, age and sex. METHODS Hourly measurements of air pollutants (ozone, NO2, PM2.5) and temperature were collected from ground-monitors for 24 cities along with daily hospitalization (1996-2012) and mortality (1984-2012) data. National associations between air pollutant and health outcome were estimated for season (warm, cold vs. year-round), age (base ≥ 1, seniors > 65), and sex (females ≥ 1 and males ≥ 1) using Bayesian hierarchical models. RESULTS Overall, the three air pollutants were significantly associated with acute respiratory health outcomes at different lag-days. For respiratory hospitalization, the increased risks in percent changes with 95% posterior intervals for a 10-unit increase in each pollutant were: ozone (lag1, 0.7% (0.4, 0.9)), NO2 (lag0, 0.7% (0.1, 1.4)), and PM2.5 (lag1, 1.3% (0.7, 1.9)). For respiratory mortality: ozone (lag2, 1.2% (0.4, 1.9)), NO2 (lag1, 2.1% (0.6, 3.5)), and PM2.5 (lag1, 0.6% (-1.0, 2.2)). While some differences in risk were observed by season and age group, sex-specific differences were more pronounced. Compared with males, females had a higher respiratory mortality risk (1.8% (0.6, 2.9) vs 0.5% (-0.3, 1.3)) from ozone, a higher respiratory hospitalization risk (0.9% (0.0, 1.8) vs 0.6% (-0.3, 1.4)) but lower mortality risk (1.4% (-1.0, 3.7) vs 2.2% (0.4, 4.0)) from NO2, and a lower hospitalization risk (0.7% (-0.2, 1.7) vs 1.8% (1.0, 2.6)) from PM2.5. CONCLUSION This study reports significant health effects of short-term exposure to three ambient air pollutants on respiratory hospitalization (ozone≈NO2 < PM2.5 per-10 unit; ozone>NO2 ≈ PM2.5 per-IQR) and mortality (ozone≈NO2 > PM2.5) in Canada. Pollutant-sex-specific differences were found, but inconclusive due to limited biological and physiological explanations. Further studies are warranted to understand the pollutant-sex specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwashin Hyun Shin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Priyanka Gogna
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Aubrey Maquiling
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Parvin Dehghani
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Border Environmental Justice PPGIS: Community-Based Mapping and Public Participation in Eastern Tijuana, México. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031349. [PMID: 33540887 PMCID: PMC7908571 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Community mapping projects have been studied as important contributions to the field of environmental justice and Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS). As a collaborative project between the Colectivo Salud y Justicia Ambiental and Red de Ciudadanos por el Mejoramiento de las Comunidades (RECIMEC), the “Mapeo Comunitario de la Zona Alamar” was created as a mechanism for community participation in the urban planning process in Tijuana, México. This paper outlines the project’s community mapping process, including planning, data collection, priority identification, and data submission. Results from this community mapping project are analyzed including the (1) particular environmental risks and goods in this border region, (2) the influence that the project data had on the urban planning process, and (3) the impact that the community mapping process had on community organizing capacity. Our findings point to particular environmental challenges in this border city including clandestine trash dumps, and contaminated water runoff points. The mapping project influenced the land use planning process by identifying the key environmental risks and goods to prioritize in the zoning and ground truthing urban planning data. The community mapping project also had a key impact on community organizing through the fomenting of knowledge and relationships between community members and government representatives at the city’s urban planning agency.
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Abstract
Urbanization, pollution and the modification of natural landscapes are characteristics of modern society, where the change in human relations with the environment and the impact on biodiversity are environmental determinants that affect the health-disease relationship. The skin is an organ that has a strong interface with the environment and, therefore, the prevalence patterns of dermatoses may reflect these environmental changes. In this article, aspects related to deforestation, fires, urbanization, large-scale agriculture, extensive livestock farming, pollution and climatic changes are discussed regarding their influence on the epidemiology of skin diseases. It is important that dermatologists be aware of their social responsibility in order to promote sustainable practices in their community, in addition to identifying the impacts of environmental imbalances on different dermatoses, which is essential for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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Chan KH, Xia X, Ho KF, Guo Y, Kurmi OP, Du H, Bennett DA, Bian Z, Kan H, McDonnell J, Schmidt D, Kerosi R, Li L, Lam KBH, Chen Z. Regional and seasonal variations in household and personal exposures to air pollution in one urban and two rural Chinese communities: A pilot study to collect time-resolved data using static and wearable devices. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106217. [PMID: 33129001 PMCID: PMC7786640 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of the health impact of ambient and household air pollution (AAP/HAP) have chiefly relied on self-reported and/or address-based exposure modelling data. We assessed the feasibility of collecting and integrating detailed personal exposure data in different settings and seasons. METHODS/DESIGN We recruited 477 participants (mean age 58 years, 72% women) from three (two rural [Gansu/Henan] and one urban [Suzhou]) study areas in the China Kadoorie Biobank, based on their previously reported fuel use patterns. A time-resolved monitor (PATS+CO) was used to measure continuously for 120-hour the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at personal and household (kitchen and living room) levels in warm (May-September 2017) and cool (November 2017-January 2018) seasons, along with questionnaires on participants' characteristics (e.g. socio-demographic, and fuel use) and time-activity (48-hour). Parallel local ambient monitoring of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) and gaseous pollutants (CO, ozone, nitrogen oxides) was conducted using regularly-calibrated devices. The air pollution exposure data were compared by study sites and seasons. FINDINGS Overall 76% reported cooking at least weekly (regular-cooks), and 48% (urban 1%, rural 65%) used solid fuels (wood/coal) for cooking. Winter heating was more common in rural sites than in urban site (74-91% vs 17% daily), and mainly involved solid fuels. Mixed use of clean and solid fuels was common for cooking in rural areas (38%) but not for heating (0%). Overall, the measured mean PM2.5 levels were 2-3 fold higher in the cool than warm season, and in rural (e.g. kitchen: Gansuwarm_season = 142.3 µg/m3; Gansucool_season = 508.1 µg/m3; Henanwarm_season = 77.5 µg/m3; Henancool_season = 222.3 µg/m3) than urban sites (Suzhouwarm_season = 41.6 µg/m3; Suzhoucool_season = 81.6 µg/m3). The levels recorded tended to be the highest in kitchens, followed by personal, living room and outdoor. Time-resolved data show prominent peaks consistently recorded in the kitchen at typical cooking times, and sustained elevated PM2.5 levels (> 100 µg/m3) were observed in rural areas where use of solid fuels for heating was common. DISCUSSION Personal air pollution exposure can be readily assessed using a low-cost time-resolved monitor in different settings, which, in combination with other personal and health outcome data, will enable reliable assessment of the long-term health effects of HAP/AAP exposures in general populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hung Chan
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Xi Xia
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Om P Kurmi
- Faculty Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, UK
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick A Bennett
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, China
| | - John McDonnell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Dan Schmidt
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Rene Kerosi
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, China
| | - Kin Bong Hubert Lam
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
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Mir Alvarez C, Hourcade R, Lefebvre B, Pilot E. A Scoping Review on Air Quality Monitoring, Policy and Health in West African Cities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239151. [PMID: 33297562 PMCID: PMC7730241 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is a global health threat that causes severe mortality and morbidity from respiratory, cardiovascular, and other diseases. Its impact is especially concerning in cities; as the urban population increases, especially in low- and middle-income countries, large populations risk suffering from these health effects. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) comprises 15 West African countries, in which many cities are currently experiencing fast growth and industrialization. However, government-led initiatives in air quality monitoring are scarce in ECOWAS countries, which makes it difficult to effectively control and regulate air quality and subsequent health issues. A scoping study was performed following the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework in order to assess the precise status of air quality monitoring, related policy, and legislation in this region. Scientific databases and gray literature searches were conducted, and the results were contrasted through expert consultations. It was found that only two ECOWAS countries monitor air quality, and most countries have insufficient legislation in place. Public health surveillance data in relation to air quality data is largely unavailable. In order to address this, improved air quality surveillance, stricter and better-enforced regulations, regional cooperation, and further research are strongly suggested for ECOWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Mir Alvarez
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- University Rennes, EHESP, CNRS, ARENES–UMR 6051, F-35000 Rennes, France; (R.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Renaud Hourcade
- University Rennes, EHESP, CNRS, ARENES–UMR 6051, F-35000 Rennes, France; (R.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Bertrand Lefebvre
- University Rennes, EHESP, CNRS, ARENES–UMR 6051, F-35000 Rennes, France; (R.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Eva Pilot
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-620311075
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Arias-Pérez RD, Taborda NA, Gómez DM, Narvaez JF, Porras J, Hernandez JC. Inflammatory effects of particulate matter air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42390-42404. [PMID: 32870429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is an important cause of non-communicable diseases globally with particulate matter (PM) as one of the main air pollutants. PM is composed of microscopic particles that contain a mixture of chemicals and biological elements that can be harmful to human health. The aerodynamic diameter of PM facilitates their deposition when inhaled. For instance, coarse PM having a diameter of < 10 μm is deposited mainly in the large conducting airways, but PM of < 2.5 μm can cross the alveolar-capillary barrier, traveling to other organs within the body. Epidemiological studies have shown the association between PM exposure and risk of disease, namely those of the respiratory system such as lung cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, cardiovascular and neurological diseases have also been reported, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, loss of cognitive function, anxiety, and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Inflammation is a common hallmark in the pathogenesis of many of these diseases associated with exposure to a variety of air pollutants, including PM. This review focuses on the main effects of PM on human health, with an emphasis on the role of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén D Arias-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia A Taborda
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana M Gómez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jhon Fredy Narvaez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Ingeniar, Facultad de Ingenierías, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jazmín Porras
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C Hernandez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Trushna T, Diwan V, Nandi SS, Aher SB, Tiwari RR, Sabde YD. A mixed-methods community-based participatory research to explore stakeholder's perspectives and to quantify the effect of crop residue burning on air and human health in Central India: study protocol. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1824. [PMID: 33256650 PMCID: PMC7706198 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crop residue burning adversely affects air quality and consequently human health. India, being one of the largest agro-economies of the world, produces around 500 Million tonnes of crop residue annually most of which is burnt on-farm. However, integrated studies that simultaneously quantify the effects of crop residue burning while exploring the subjective determinants of the practice are lacking in India. This paper describes the protocol for a longitudinal mixed methods research study employing a community-based participatory approach to fill this gap. Methods Both quantitative and qualitative data will be collected in a rural setting of the central Indian province of Madhya Pradesh, over 1 year. A steering committee comprising of the research team and community representatives will be formed. The proportion of cultivable land burnt in one crop burning season will be estimated. The association between crop residue burning, level of ambient air pollutants, and pulmonary function of village residents will be determined. Focus groups, interviews, and participatory rural appraisal methods will be used to explore stakeholder perspectives about crop residue burning. Potential barriers and opportunities for substituting burning with an alternative crop residue management technique will be ascertained as the basis for future interventions. Ethics approval has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of the National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (No: NIREH/BPL/IEC/2019–20/1494, dt 06/01/2020). Discussion This manuscript describes the protocol for a novel community-based participatory study to investigate thoroughly the phenomenon of crop residue burning from the perspective of the agricultural community through their active collaboration. The lack of comprehensive evidence regarding the factors responsible for crop residue burning in India underlines the importance of implementing this study protocol to fill in this critical gap in knowledge. While acknowledging that findings of this study will be not generalizable to agricultural communities other than the one studied, it is expected that the study will generate baseline evidence that might be beneficial in developing and implementing an appropriate intervention strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-09844-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanwi Trushna
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Department of Environmental Monitoring And Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. .,Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Subroto Shambhu Nandi
- Department of Environmental Monitoring And Exposure Assessment (Air), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Satish Bhagwatrao Aher
- Department of Environmental Monitoring And Exposure Assessment (Air), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Damodar Sabde
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Malagon-Rojas JN, Pinzón-Silva DC, Parra EL, Lagos M LF, Toloza-Perez YG, Hernández Florez LJ, Morales Betancourt R, Romero SA, Ríos Cabra AP, Sarmiento OL. Assessment of personal exposure to particulate air pollution in different microenvironments and traveling by several modes of transportation in Bogotá, Colombia: protocol for a mixed-methods study. (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 11:e25690. [PMID: 35099404 PMCID: PMC8845014 DOI: 10.2196/25690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution in most countries exceeds the levels recommended by the World Health Organization, causing up to one-third of deaths due to noncommunicable diseases. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) from mobile sources are the main contaminants. Objective The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5 and BC) in microenvironments according to respiratory health and physical activity in users traveling by different types of transportation in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods A mixed methods study based on a convergent parallel design will be performed with workers and students. The sample will include 350 healthy transport users traveling by different urban transportation modes in three main routes in Bogotá. The study is broken down into two components: (1) a descriptive qualitative component focused on assessing the individual perception of air pollution using semistructured interviews; and (2) a cross-sectional study measuring the individual exposure to PM2.5 and BC using portable instruments (DustTrak and microAeth, respectively), pulmonary function by spirometry, and physical activity with accelerometry. The analysis will include concurrent triangulation and logistic regression. Results The findings will be useful for the conception, design, and decision-making process in the sectors of health and mobility from public, academy, and private perspectives. This study includes personal measurements of PM2.5 and BC during typical trips in the city to assess the exposure to these contaminants in the major roadways in real time. The study further compares the performance of two different lung tests to identify possible short-term respiratory effects. As a limitation, the protocol will include participants from different institutions in the city, which are not necessarily representative of all healthy populations in Bogotá. In this sense, it is not possible to draw causation conclusions. Moreover, a convergent parallel design could be especially problematic concerning integration because such a design often lacks a clear plan for making a connection between the two sets of results, which may not be well connected. Nevertheless, this study adopts a procedure for how to integrate qualitative and quantitative data in the interpretation of the results and a multilevel regression. The time that participants must live in the city will be considered; this will be controlled in the stratified analysis. Another limitation is the wide age range and working status of the participants. Regional pollution levels and episodes (PM2.5) will be handled as confounding variables. The study is currently in the enrollment phase of the participants. Measurements have been made on 300 participants. Pandemic conditions affected the study schedule; however, the results are likely to be obtained by late 2022. Conclusions This study investigates the exposure to air pollutants in microenvironments in Bogotá, Colombia. To our knowledge, this is the first mixed methods study focusing on PM2.5, BC, and respiratory health effects in a city over 2 meters above sea level. This study will provide an integration of air pollution exposure variables and respiratory health effects in different microenvironments. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/25690
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeadran N Malagon-Rojas
- Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Eliana L Parra
- Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa F Lagos M
- Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yesith Guillermo Toloza-Perez
- Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
- Maestría en Epidemiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Jorge Hernández Florez
- Grupo de Investigación Salud Pública, Educación y Profesionalismo, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Sol Angie Romero
- Grupo de Cuidado Cardiorrespiratorio, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana Paola Ríos Cabra
- Grupo de Cuidado Cardiorrespiratorio, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Grupo de Epidemiología EPIANDES, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Fold NR, Allison MR, Wood BC, Thao PTB, Bonnet S, Garivait S, Kamens R, Pengjan S. An Assessment of Annual Mortality Attributable to Ambient PM 2.5 in Bangkok, Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7298. [PMID: 33036260 PMCID: PMC7578932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies indicate that PM2.5 is the most deleterious air pollutant for which there are ambient air quality standards. Daily concentrations of PM2.5 in Bangkok, Thailand, continuously exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Thai National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs). Bangkok has only recently begun to measure concentrations of PM2.5. To overcome this paucity of data, daily PM2.5/PM10 ratios were generated over the period 2012-2018 to interpolate missing values. Concentration-response coefficients (β values) for PM2.5 versus non-accidental, cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer mortalities were derived from the literature. Values were also estimated and were found to be comparable to those reported in the literature for a Chinese population, but considerably lower than those reported in the literature from the United States. These findings strongly suggest that specific regional β values should be used to accurately quantify the number of premature deaths attributable to PM2.5 in Asian populations. Health burden analysis using the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP) showed that PM2.5 concentration in Bangkok contributes to 4240 non-accidental, 1317 cardiopulmonary, and 370 lung cancer mortalities annually. Further analysis showed that the attainment of PM2.5 levels to the NAAQSs and WHO guideline would reduce annual premature mortality in Bangkok by 33%and 75%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R. Fold
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.R.F.); (M.R.A.); (B.C.W.); (R.K.)
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (S.B.); (S.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Mary R. Allison
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.R.F.); (M.R.A.); (B.C.W.); (R.K.)
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (S.B.); (S.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Berkley C. Wood
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.R.F.); (M.R.A.); (B.C.W.); (R.K.)
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (S.B.); (S.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Pham T. B. Thao
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (S.B.); (S.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Sebastien Bonnet
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (S.B.); (S.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Savitri Garivait
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (S.B.); (S.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Richard Kamens
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.R.F.); (M.R.A.); (B.C.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Sitthipong Pengjan
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (S.B.); (S.G.); (S.P.)
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Pollutants on Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196996. [PMID: 32977499 PMCID: PMC7583016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex and intricate process that aims to replenish blood components in a constant fashion. It is orchestrated mostly by hematopoietic progenitor cells (hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)) that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation. These cells can originate other cell subtypes that are responsible for maintaining vital functions, mediate innate and adaptive immune responses, provide tissues with oxygen, and control coagulation. Hematopoiesis in adults takes place in the bone marrow, which is endowed with an extensive vasculature conferring an intense flow of cells. A myriad of cell subtypes can be found in the bone marrow at different levels of activation, being also under constant action of an extensive amount of diverse chemical mediators and enzymatic systems. Bone marrow platelets, mature erythrocytes and leukocytes are delivered into the bloodstream readily available to meet body demands. Leukocytes circulate and reach different tissues, returning or not returning to the bloodstream. Senescent leukocytes, specially granulocytes, return to the bone marrow to be phagocytized by macrophages, restarting granulopoiesis. The constant high production and delivery of cells into the bloodstream, alongside the fact that blood cells can also circulate between tissues, makes the hematopoietic system a prime target for toxic agents to act upon, making the understanding of the bone marrow microenvironment vital for both toxicological sciences and risk assessment. Environmental and occupational pollutants, therapeutic molecules, drugs of abuse, and even nutritional status can directly affect progenitor cells at their differentiation and maturation stages, altering behavior and function of blood compounds and resulting in impaired immune responses, anemias, leukemias, and blood coagulation disturbances. This review aims to describe the most recently investigated molecular and cellular toxicity mechanisms of current major environmental pollutants on hematopoiesis in the bone marrow.
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Orellano P, Reynoso J, Quaranta N, Bardach A, Ciapponi A. Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and ozone (O 3) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105876. [PMID: 32590284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Short-term exposure (from one hour to days) to selected air pollutants has been associated with human mortality. This systematic review was conducted to analyse the evidence on the effects of short-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less or equal than 10 and 2.5 µm (PM10, PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), on all-cause mortality, and PM10 and PM2.5 on cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular mortality. METHODS We included studies on human populations exposed to outdoor air pollution from any source, excluding occupational exposures. Relative risks (RRs) per 10 µg/m3 increase in air pollutants concentrations were used as the effect estimates. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using 80% prediction intervals. Risk of bias (RoB) in individual studies was analysed using a new domain-based assessment tool, developed by a working group convened by the World Health Organization and designed specifically to evaluate RoB within eligible air pollution studies included in systematic reviews. We conducted subgroup and sensitivity analyses by age, sex, continent, study design, single or multicity studies, time lag, and RoB. The certainty of evidence was assessed for each exposure-outcome combination. The protocol for this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018087749). RESULTS We included 196 articles in quantitative analysis. All combinations of pollutants and all-cause and cause-specific mortality were positively associated in the main analysis, and in a wide range of sensitivity analyses. The only exception was NO2, but when considering a 1-hour maximum exposure. We found positive associations between pollutants and all-cause mortality for PM10 (RR: 1.0041; 95% CI: 1.0034-1.0049), PM2.5 (RR: 1.0065; 95% CI: 1.0044-1.0086), NO2 (24-hour average) (RR: 1.0072; 95% CI: 1.0059-1.0085), and O3 (RR: 1.0043; 95% CI: 1.0034-1.0052). PM10 and PM2.5 were also positively associated with cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular mortality. We found some degree of heterogeneity between studies in three exposure-outcome combinations, and this heterogeneity could not be explained after subgroup analysis. RoB was low or moderate in the majority of articles. The certainty of evidence was judged as high in 10 out of 11 combinations, and moderate in one combination. CONCLUSIONS This study found evidence of a positive association between short-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and O3 and all-cause mortality, and between PM10 and PM2.5 and cardiovascular, respiratory and cerebrovascular mortality. These results were robust through several sensitivity analyses. In general, the level of evidence was high, meaning that we can be confident in the associations found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Orellano
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia San Nicolás, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (CONICET), San Nicolás, Argentina.
| | | | - Nancy Quaranta
- Facultad Regional San Nicolás, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, San Nicolás, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ariel Bardach
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustin Ciapponi
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang X, Cai J, Liu L, Jiang X, Li P, Sha A, Ren J. Association between outdoor air pollution during in vitro culture and the outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:441-451. [PMID: 30689907 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does outdoor air pollution differentially affect the outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) and fresh transfer in IVF treatment? SUMMARY ANSWER Increased SO2 and O3 levels at the site of IVF unit were significantly associated with lower live birth rates following FET but did not affect the contemporary fresh transfer outcomes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Ambient air pollution has been associated with human infertility and IVF outcomes. However, most of the studies excluded FET cycles. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A retrospective cohort study of 11148 patients contributing to 16290 transfer cycles between January 2013 and December 2016 was carried out. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The average age of the cohort was 31.51 ± 4.48 years and the average BMI was 21.14 ± 2.37 kg/cm2. Inverse distance weighting interpolation was used to estimate the daily ambient exposures to six pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, O3) at an IVF clinical site, according to the data from fixed air quality monitoring stations in the city. The exposures of each cycle were presented as average daily concentrations of pollutants from oocyte retrieval to embryo transfer/cryopreservation. Exposures were analyzed in quartiles. A generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate the association between pollutants and IVF outcomes, adjusted for important confounding factors including maternal age, infertility diagnosis, BMI, endometrial status and embryo transfer policy. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate of the cycles was 55.1% (8981/16290) and 47.1% (7672/16290), respectively. Among the included cycles, 4013 patients received 5299 FET cycles, resulting in 2263 live births (42.7% per ET), whereas 9553 patients received 10991 fresh transfer cycles, resulting in 5409 live births (49.2% per ET). SO2 and O3 levels were significantly associated with live birth rates in FET cycles, whereas none of the pollutants were significantly associated with IVF outcomes in contemporary fresh transfer cycles. The FET cycles in the highest quartile of SO2 and O3 exposure had significantly lower live birth rates (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.63, 95%CI 0.53-0.74; 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.82, respectively) in comparison with those in the lowest quartile. Models involving all transfer cycles and interaction terms (FET×exposures) suggested that FET significantly enhanced the effects of SO2 and O3 exposure on IVF outcomes (P < 0.001). Multi-pollutant models gave consistent results for the association between SO2 and live birth in FET cycles. Accounting for all six pollutants, women in the highest quartile of SO2 still had the lowest live birth rates (OR 0.61, 95%CI 0.47-0.80). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study was limited by its retrospective nature. The exposure data were estimated according to monitoring data rather than measured directly from the IVF unit. Unknown confounding factors may skew the results. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data implied that embryos undergoing FET may be more vulnerable to a suboptimal environment than those undergoing fresh transfer. In heavily polluted sites or seasons, fluctuation in FET outcomes may be partially explained by the dynamic changes of ambient gaseous air pollutant. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) National Natural Science Foundation (81302454). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Wang
- College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiali Cai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Aiguo Sha
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jianzhi Ren
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Tapia V, Steenland K, Vu B, Liu Y, Vásquez V, Gonzales GF. PM 2.5 exposure on daily cardio-respiratory mortality in Lima, Peru, from 2010 to 2016. Environ Health 2020; 19:63. [PMID: 32503633 PMCID: PMC7275326 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been no studies of air pollution and mortality in Lima, Peru. We evaluate whether daily environmental PM2.5 exposure is associated to respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in Lima during 2010 to 2016. METHODS We analyzed 86,970 deaths from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Lima from 2010 to 2016. Estimated daily PM2.5 was assigned based on district of residence. Poisson regression was used to estimate associations between daily district-level PM2.5 exposures and daily counts of deaths. RESULTS An increase in 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 on the day before was significantly associated with daily cardiorespiratory mortality (RR 1.029; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05) across all ages and in the age group over 65 (RR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.005-1.09) which included 74% of all deaths. We also observed associations with circulatory deaths for all age groups (RR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11), and those over 65 (RR 1.06; 95% CI 1.00-1.12). A borderline significant trend was seen (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99-1.06; p = 0.10) for respiratory deaths in persons aged over 65. Trends were driven by the highest quintile of exposure. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 exposure is associated with daily cardiorespiratory mortality in Lima, especially for older people. Our data suggest that the existing limits on air pollution exposure are too high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Tapia
- Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, and Laboratory of Investigation and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory U, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Bryan Vu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory U, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory U, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Vanessa Vásquez
- Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, and Laboratory of Investigation and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Gustavo F. Gonzales
- Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, and Laboratory of Investigation and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Ranzani OT, Milà C, Sanchez M, Bhogadi S, Kulkarni B, Balakrishnan K, Sambandam S, Sunyer J, Marshall JD, Kinra S, Tonne C. Personal exposure to particulate air pollution and vascular damage in peri-urban South India. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105734. [PMID: 32361533 PMCID: PMC7267772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Air pollution is a leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies mostly relied on concentrations at residence, which might not represent personal exposure. Personal air pollution exposure has a greater variability compared with levels of ambient air pollution, facilitating evaluation of exposure-response functions and vascular pathophysiology. We aimed to evaluate the association between predicted annual personal exposure to PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) and three vascular damage markers in peri-urban South India. METHODS We analyzed the third wave of the APCAPS cohort (2010-2012), which recruited participants from 28 villages. We used predicted personal exposure to PM2.5 and BC derived from 610 participant-days of 24 h average gravimetric PM2.5 and BC measurements and predictors related to usual time-activity. Outcomes included carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and augmentation index (AIx). We fit linear mixed models, adjusting for potential confounders and accounting for the clustered data structure. We evaluated nonlinear associations using generalized additive mixed models. RESULTS Of the 3017 participants (mean age 38 years), 1453 (48%) were women. The average PM2.5 exposure was 51 µg/m3 (range 13-85) for men, and 61 µg/m3 (range 40-120) for women, while the average BC was 4 µg/m3 (range 3-7) for men and 8 µg/m3 (range 3-22) for women. A 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 was positively associated with CIMT (0.026 mm, 95% CI 0.014, 0.037), cf-PWV (0.069 m/s, 95% CI 0.008, 0.131) and AIx (0.8%, 95% CI 0.3, 1.3) among men. The exposure-response function for PM2.5 and AIx among men showed non-linearity, particularly within the exposure range dominated by tobacco smoking and occupational exposures. Both PM2.5 and BC were positively associated with AIx among women (0.6%, 95% CI 0.2, 1.0, per 10 μg/m3 PM2.5; 0.5%, 95% CI 0.1, 0.8, per 2 μg/m3 BC). CONCLUSIONS Personal exposure to particulate matter was associated with vascular damage in a peri-urban population in South India. Personal exposure to particulate matter appears to have gender-specific effects on the type of vascular damage, potentially reflecting differences in sources of personal exposure by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otavio T Ranzani
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Milà
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margaux Sanchez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bharati Kulkarni
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra University (SRU), Chennai, India
| | - Sankar Sambandam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra University (SRU), Chennai, India
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian D Marshall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain.
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49
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Russo A, Sousa PM, Durão RM, Ramos AM, Salvador P, Linares C, Díaz J, Trigo RM. Saharan dust intrusions in the Iberian Peninsula: Predominant synoptic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137041. [PMID: 32065896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Iberian Peninsula (IP) is recurrently affected by dust transport from the Sahara Desert and from the semi-arid Sahel regions. African dust is one of the most important sources of particulate matter in the southern Mediterranean. Therefore, it is vital to understand the underlying processes that lead to episodes of air pollution associated to the occurrence of dust intrusions. This work proposes to make an extended characterization of the preferential circulation weather patterns associated to the onset of dust events affecting the IP between 2006 and 2016. Saharan dust intrusions were analysed and an automatic objective classification procedure was used to classify circulation weather patterns associated to dust events. The spatial distribution of intrusion episodes is not homogeneous throughout the IP, occurring less frequently at northern and northwestern locations than at central and southern sites. Moreover, days with Saharan dust intrusions were more frequent in summer months, and more probable to occur under regimes with a southerly component. Finally, two extreme events with high concentration of particulate matter were analysed relatively to their life-cycle and particle trajectories. The distinct extreme episodes can be associated to different synoptic situations. However, and despite different large-scale configurations, a south or south-easterly component over the region is responsible for the establishment of a dust transport from the Saharan region towards Iberia, and thus leading to the intrusion onset. These results were supported by the calculation of back-trajectories which allowed to source apportioning the particles' origin, through a clear trajectory of air parcels originating from northern Africa in both events. The proposed framework can be useful to the prediction of dust and air pollution events based on the forecast of circulation weather patterns, as the results show that these events across the IP are mainly induced by specific patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Russo
- Instituto Dom Luíz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C8, Piso 3, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - P M Sousa
- Instituto Dom Luíz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C8, Piso 3, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R M Durão
- IPMA-Instituto Português do Mar e Atmosfera, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Arquitectura e Georrecursos, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A M Ramos
- Instituto Dom Luíz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C8, Piso 3, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P Salvador
- Environmental Department of the Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Linares
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, National School of Public Health, Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Díaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, National School of Public Health, Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - R M Trigo
- Instituto Dom Luíz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C8, Piso 3, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-916, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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50
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Tan YQ, Rashid SKA, Pan WC, Chen YC, Yu LE, Seow WJ. Association between microenvironment air quality and cardiovascular health outcomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137027. [PMID: 32044485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with cardiovascular disease risk. To date, there are few studies on short-term PM2.5 exposure in different microenvironments and its impact on immediate health effects, particularly in the Southeast Asia region. This study assessed PM2.5 concentrations in different microenvironments in a densely populated city in the tropics using low-cost personal PM2.5 sensors as well as their associations with acute cardiovascular health outcomes. A total of 49 adult participants affiliated with the National University of Singapore (NUS) community were recruited. Personal low-cost sensors were used to measure PM2.5 concentrations between September 2017 and March 2019. Demographic information and time-activity patterns were collected using questionnaires. Wilcoxon pairwise comparisons were used to determine statistical differences between PM2.5 exposures at 18 different microenvironments. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models were used to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and blood pressure as well as heart rate. All models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, temperature, duration of exposure, and baseline cardiovascular parameters. Significant differences in PM2.5 concentrations were observed across different microenvironments. Air-conditioned offices and tertiary teaching spaces had the lowest (median = 13.1 μg/m3) and hawker centres had the highest (median = 32.0 μg/m3) PM2.5 concentrations. Significant positive associations between PM2.5 exposure and heart rate (β = 0.40, p = 4.6 × 10-5) as well as diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.16, p = 0.0077) were also observed. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with higher heart rate and blood pressure. Further work is needed to investigate the variations within each type of microenvironment and expand the study to other sub-populations such as the elderly and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qian Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - S K Abdur Rashid
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore and NUS Environmental Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Wen-Chi Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Liya E Yu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore and NUS Environmental Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.
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