1
|
Houghton F, Moran Stritch J, Auerbach J, Daly M, Houghton D. Exploring the sugar-sweetened beverage tax (SSBT) pass-through rate in the Irish hospitality sector. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2360. [PMID: 39215358 PMCID: PMC11363438 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) supports the use of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes (SSBTs) as a fiscal lever to help reduce sugar consumption and tackle obesity. Obesity is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. In response to increasing levels of obesity in Ireland, an SSBT was introduced in 2018. Previous research in Ireland has noted that the pass-through rate of the SSBT in retail (off-site consumption) settings was poor. However, to date, no research has examined the SSBT pass-through rate in hospitality (on-site consumption) venues in Ireland. METHODS This research examines the SSBT pass-through rate on Coca-Cola versus diet versions of Coca-Cola in a convenience sample of 100 hospitality venues in two provincial Irish cities. RESULTS Wilcoxon signed rank test analysis revealed that regular Coca-Cola was significantly more expensive compared to the price charged for diet versions of Coca-Cola. However, in 85.6% of cases the same price was charged for both full-sugar and sugar-free drinks. The mean pass-through rate of the SSBT was 33.8%. CONCLUSION The effective functioning of the SSBT is premised on persistent price differences between soft drink prices based on sugar content. However, this is barely evident in the hospitality sector in Ireland. A number of recommendations are suggested, including both increasing the SSBT, and increasing it annually in line with inflation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Houghton
- Technological University of the Shannon, Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | - J Auerbach
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Daly
- University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vézina-Im LA, Beaulieu D, Turcotte S, Turcotte AF, Lessard L, Delisle-Martel J, Boucher D, Labbé V, Gingras M. Individual and environmental correlates of tap water consumption among adolescents in Canada. Appetite 2024; 202:107645. [PMID: 39179109 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The study objective was to identify correlates of tap water consumption among adolescents. French-speaking adolescents from the province of Québec (Canada) were recruited in person and online from March to July 2023 using diverse recruitment strategies. Water consumption was measured using the validated French version of a questionnaire specifically designed to measure adolescents' beverage intake. Participants answered an online survey on their attitude towards tap and bottled water which also measured individual and environmental factors that can influence tap water consumption. A total of 218 adolescents (14-17 years; 55.5% female) completed the survey. On average, 79.2% of adolescents' water intake came from tap and 33.5% of them consumed exclusively tap water. Thinking that bottled water is more convenient than tap water was a significant correlate of adolescents' tap water consumption (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.95; p = 0.0219). Adolescents who believed that bottled water is more convenient than tap water were less likely to consume exclusively tap water. Public health interventions aimed at promoting adolescents' tap water should strive to make tap water intake be perceived as convenient as bottled water, such as encouraging teenagers to always carry along a reusable water bottle, installing drinking fountains in popular public areas, and increasing the visibility of such fountains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im
- VITAM - Centre de Recherche en Santé Durable, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de La Capitale-Nationale, 2480, Chemin de La Canardière Québec, Québec, Canada, G1J 2G1; Département des Sciences de La Santé, Université Du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 0A6; Centre de Recherche Du Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CISSS) de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 3Z1; Collectif de Recherche sur La Santé en Région, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 0A6.
| | - Dominique Beaulieu
- VITAM - Centre de Recherche en Santé Durable, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de La Capitale-Nationale, 2480, Chemin de La Canardière Québec, Québec, Canada, G1J 2G1; Département des Sciences de La Santé, Université Du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 0A6; Centre de Recherche Du Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CISSS) de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 3Z1; Collectif de Recherche sur La Santé en Région, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 0A6; Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche Du CHU de Québec, 2400 Avenue D'Estimauville, Québec, Québec, Canada, G1E 6W2.
| | - Stéphane Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche Du Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CISSS) de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 3Z1.
| | - Anne-Frédérique Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche Du Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CISSS) de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 3Z1.
| | - Lily Lessard
- Département des Sciences de La Santé, Université Du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 0A6; Centre de Recherche Du Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CISSS) de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 3Z1; Collectif de Recherche sur La Santé en Région, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 0A6; Chaire Interdisciplinaire sur La Santé et Les Services Sociaux pour Les Populations Rurales, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 0A6.
| | - Joannie Delisle-Martel
- Département des Sciences de La Santé, Université Du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 0A6; Centre de Recherche Du Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CISSS) de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 3Z1; Collectif de Recherche sur La Santé en Région, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 0A6.
| | - Danielle Boucher
- Département des Sciences de La Santé, Université Du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 0A6; Centre de Recherche Du Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CISSS) de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 3Z1; Collectif de Recherche sur La Santé en Région, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 0A6.
| | - Valérie Labbé
- CHAU-Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 3Z1.
| | - Mariane Gingras
- Direction de Santé Publique, CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 55, Rue Du Mont-Marie, Lévis, Québec, Canada, G6V 0B8.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chatelan A, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Salehi-Abargouei A. Substituting Low-Calorie Sweetened Beverages for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages to Prevent Obesity and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Still a Good Idea? Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102105. [PMID: 38440361 PMCID: PMC10911947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) and LCS-containing beverages have been proposed as appropriate substitutes for caloric sugars in recent years. In this Perspective, we highlight the recent findings from observational and interventional studies, focusing on obesity, gut microbiome, and cardiometabolic health. We provide public health actors and health care professionals with an insightful overview of recent evidence to bridge the gap between research and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Chatelan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Zhang Y, Yang H, Li H, Zhou L, Zhang M, Wang Y. Associations of sugar-sweetened, artificially sweetened, and naturally sweet juices with Alzheimer's disease: a prospective cohort study. GeroScience 2024; 46:1229-1240. [PMID: 37526906 PMCID: PMC10828427 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have provided controversial findings. Furthermore, little is known about the association between pure fruit/vegetable juices and AD. The present study aims to estimate the associations of SSBs, ASBs, and pure fruit/vegetable juices with AD, and to evaluate the theoretical effects of replacing SSBs and ASBs with the different consumption of pure fruit/vegetable juices on the risk of AD. This prospective cohort study of the UK Biobank included 206,606 participants aged 39-72 years free of dementia at baseline between 2006 and 2010. Dietary intake of SSBs, ASBs, and pure fruit/vegetable juices (naturally sweet juices) were collected using a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire completed between 2009 and 2012. Incident AD was identified by medical and mortality records. Cox proportional hazard models and substitution models were conducted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 699 cases of AD were identified over a median follow-up of 9.5 years. The consumption of SSBs and ASBs (> 2 units/d) were associated with a higher risk of AD. However, participants who drank > 1-2 units/d of pure fruit/vegetable juices were associated with a lower risk of AD. In substitution models, replacing SSBs with an equivalent consumption of pure fruit/vegetable juices could be associated with a risk reduction of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Chen
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hongxi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Huiping Li
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mengnan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gancarz AM, Parmar R, Shwani T, Cobb MM, Crawford MN, Watson JR, Evans L, Kausch MA, Werner CT, Dietz DM. Adolescent exposure to sucrose increases cocaine-mediated behaviours in adulthood via Smad3. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13346. [PMID: 38017636 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence, a critical period of developmental period, is marked by neurobiological changes influenced by environmental factors. Here, we show how exposure to sucrose, which is ubiquitously available in modern diets, results in changes in behavioural response to cocaine as an adult. Rats were given daily access to either 10% sucrose or water during the adolescent period (PND28-42). Following this period, rats are left undisturbed until they reach adulthood. In adulthood, rats were tested for (i) acquisition of a low dose of cocaine, (ii) progressive ratio (PR) test, and (iii) resistance to punished cocaine taking. Sucrose exposure resulted in significant alterations in all behavioural measures. To determine the neurobiological mechanisms leading to such behavioural adaptations, we find that adolescent sucrose exposure results in an upregulation of the transcription factor Smad3 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) when compared with water-exposed controls. Transiently blocking the active form of this transcription factor (HSV-dnSmad3) during adolescence mitigated the enhanced cocaine vulnerability-like behaviours observed in adulthood. These findings suggest that prior exposure to sucrose during adolescence can heighten the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Furthermore, they identify the TGF-beta pathway and Smad3 as playing a key role in mediating enduring and long-lasting adaptations that contribute to sucrose-induced susceptibility to cocaine. Taken together, these results have important implications for development and suggest that adolescent sucrose exposure may persistently enhance the susceptibility to substance abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Gancarz
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Raveena Parmar
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
| | - Treefa Shwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Moriah M Cobb
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
| | - Michelle N Crawford
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
| | - Jacob R Watson
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
| | - Lisa Evans
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
| | - Michael A Kausch
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Craig T Werner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - David M Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chatelan A, Rouche M, Kelly C, Fismen AS, Pedroni C, Desbouys L, Castetbon K. Tax on sugary drinks and trends in daily soda consumption by family affluence: an international repeated cross-sectional survey among European adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:576-585. [PMID: 36775689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO recommends soda taxes to reduce sugar consumption, but the effect across socioeconomic groups is unclear. OBJECTIVES We assessed 16-y trends in daily soda consumption among adolescents in 4 European countries with a soda tax and 5 comparison countries, by family affluence. METHODS Five rounds of the international "Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children" school-based survey were used (school years 2001/2002 to 2017/2018, repeated cross-sectional design). Finland, France, Belgium, and Portugal introduced or updated a soda tax during this period. For comparison, we selected 5 neighboring countries without such a tax. Nationally representative samples of adolescents aged 13 and 15 y (n = 165,521; 51.2% girls) completed a standardized questionnaire, including a question on soda consumption frequency. Using the family affluence scale (FAS), we categorized adolescents into lower-, middle- or higher-affluent groups. Changes in daily soda consumption were assessed in each country independently. RESULTS Before taxation, daily soda consumption was more likely among lower-affluent adolescents in France and Belgium (P < 0.001, socioeconomic inequalities) and was similar across FAS groups in Finland and Portugal (no inequalities). After the tax, daily soda consumption was reduced across all FAS groups in Finland, Belgium, and Portugal (Pinteractions ≥ 0.33). In France, a posttax decrease was observed only among lower-affluent adolescents (ORlower, 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.96; reduced inequalities). During the same periods, socioeconomic patterns remained stable in 3 comparison countries (Pinteractions ≥ 0.38), and larger reductions in daily soda consumption were observed among middle- or higher-affluent adolescents compared with lower-affluent adolescents in the remaining 2 comparison countries (Pinteractions ≤ 0.08, increased inequalities). CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic patterns did not change after the tax implementation in 3 out of 4 countries, and socioeconomic inequalities were reduced in France. Taxing sodas might be an effective measure to attenuate, or at least not exacerbate, socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent daily soda consumption. Am J Clin Nutr 20XX;xx:xx-xx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Chatelan
- School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Manon Rouche
- School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Colette Kelly
- Health Promotion Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne-Siri Fismen
- Department of Health Promotion and Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camille Pedroni
- School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucille Desbouys
- School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katia Castetbon
- School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Turner S, Diako C, Kruger R, Wong M, Wood W, Rutherfurd-Markwick K, Stice E, Ali A. The Effect of a 14-Day gymnema sylvestre Intervention to Reduce Sugar Cravings in Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245287. [PMID: 36558446 PMCID: PMC9788288 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gymnemic-acids (GA) block lingual sweet taste receptors, thereby reducing pleasantness and intake of sweet food. Objective: To examine whether a 14-day gymnema-based intervention can reduce sweet foods and discretionary sugar intake in free-living adults. Healthy adults (n = 58) were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (INT) or control group (CON). The intervention comprised of consuming 4 mg of Gymnema sylvestre containing 75% gymnema acids, a fibre and vitamin supplement, and an associated healthy-eating guide for 14 days; participants in the CON group followed the same protocol, replacing the GA with a placebo mint. Amount of chocolate bars eaten and sensory testing were conducted before and after the 14-day intervention (post-GA or placebo dosing on days zero and 15, respectively). Food frequency questionnaires were conducted on days zero, 15 and after a 28-day maintenance period to examine any changes in intake of sweet foods. A range of statistical procedures were used to analyse the data including Chi square, t-test and two-way analysis of variance. Post dosing, INT consumed fewer chocolates (2.65 ± 0.21 bars) at day zero than CON (3.15 ± 0.24 bars; p = 0.02); there were no differences between groups at day 15 (INT = 2.77 ± 0.22 bars; CON = 2.78 ± 0.22 bars; p = 0.81). At both visits, a small substantive effect (r < 0.3) was observed in the change in pleasantness and desire ratings, with INT showing a slight increase while CON showed a small decrease over the 14-day period. No differences were found in the intake of 9 food categories between groups at any timepoint. There were no differences in consumption of low sugar healthy foods between visits, or by group. The 14-day behavioural intervention reduced pleasantness and intake of chocolate in a laboratory setting. There was no habituation to the mint over the 14-day period. This study is the first to investigate the effect of longer-term gymnema acid consumption on sweet food consumption outside of a laboratory setting; further research is needed to assess how long the effect of the 14-day intervention persists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Turner
- School of Sport, Nutrition and Exercise, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Charles Diako
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Rozanne Kruger
- School of Sport, Nutrition and Exercise, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Marie Wong
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Warrick Wood
- School of Sport, Nutrition and Exercise, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Eric Stice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5717, USA
| | - Ajmol Ali
- School of Sport, Nutrition and Exercise, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-213-6414
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chatelan A, Rouche M, Dzielska A, Fismen AS, Kelly C, Pedroni C, Desbouys L, Castetbon K. Sixteen-year trends in adolescent consumption of sugar-sweetened soda in six European countries with a soda tax and comparison countries: a repeated cross-sectional survey analysis. Public Health Nutr 2022; 26:1-12. [PMID: 36321519 PMCID: PMC9989715 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the proportions of daily, weekly and occasional consumers of sugar-sweetened soda in six European countries that introduced/updated a tax between 2001-2002 and 2017-2018 and in neighbouring comparison countries (without a tax). DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional surveys. SETTING Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, spanning five survey years (school years 2001-2002 to 2017-2018). PARTICIPANTS Nationally representative samples of 13-year- and 15-year-old adolescents (n 236 623, 51·0 % girls). RESULTS Tax sizes (€0·02/l to €0·22/l) and pre-tax soda consumption were heterogeneous across countries. Prevalence of daily soda consumption reduced in the survey year following tax implementation in Latvia (from 17·9 to 11·9 %, P = 0·01), Finland (4·2 to 2·5 %, P = 0·001), Belgium (35·1 to 27·8 %, P < 0·001) and Portugal (17·4 to 14·9 %, P = 0·02), but not in Hungary (29·8 to 31·3 %, P = 0·47) or France (29·4 to 28·2 %, P = 0·27). However, reductions were similar (Finland) or smaller (Belgium, Portugal) than those in the comparison countries, except in Latvia where the reduction was larger (Pinteraction < 0·001). Prevalence of weekly soda consumption remained stable (Finland, Hungary and France) or increased (Latvia, Belgium); only Portugal experienced a decline (P < 0·001), which was larger than in the comparison country (Pinteraction < 0·001). Prevalence of occasional soda consumption (<1x/week) did not rise after implementation of the tax in Latvia, Finland, Hungary, France or Belgium, or the rise was similar to the comparison country in Portugal (Pinteraction = 0·15). CONCLUSIONS Countries with a soda tax did not experience larger beneficial changes in post-tax adolescent consumption frequency of soda than comparison countries. Further studies, with different taxation types, are needed in the adolescent population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Chatelan
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. des Caroubiers 25, 1227 Carouge, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manon Rouche
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. des Caroubiers 25, 1227 Carouge, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dzielska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anne-Siri Fismen
- Department of Health Promotion, Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Colette Kelly
- Health Promotion Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Camille Pedroni
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. des Caroubiers 25, 1227 Carouge, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucille Desbouys
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. des Caroubiers 25, 1227 Carouge, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Katia Castetbon
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. des Caroubiers 25, 1227 Carouge, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Robinson E, Boyland E, Evans R, Finlay A, Halsall L, Humphreys G, Langfield T, McFarland‐Lesser I, Patel Z, Jones A. Energy labelling of alcoholic drinks: An important or inconsequential obesity policy? Obes Sci Pract 2022; 9:75-86. [PMID: 37034571 PMCID: PMC10073822 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is calorie dense, but unlike food products, alcoholic drinks tend to be exempt from nutritional labelling laws that require energy content information to be displayed on packaging or at point of purchase. This review provides a perspective on the likely efficacy of alcoholic drink energy labelling as a public health policy to reduce obesity and discusses key questions to be addressed by future research. First, the contribution that alcohol makes to population level daily energy intake and obesity is outlined. Next, consumer need for alcohol energy labelling and the potential impacts on both consumer and industry behavior are discussed. Pathways and mechanisms by which energy labelling of alcoholic drinks could reduce obesity are considered, as well as possible unintended consequences of alcoholic drink energy labelling. Would widespread energy labelling of alcoholic drinks reduce obesity? The unclear effect that alcohol has on population level obesity, the modest contribution calories from alcohol make to daily energy intake and limited impact nutritional labelling policies tend to have on behavior, suggest alcohol energy labelling may have limited impact on population obesity prevalence as a standalone policy. However, there are a number of questions that will need to be answered by future research to make definitive conclusions on the potential for alcohol energy labelling policies to reduce obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychology Eleanor Rathbone Building, University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 7ZA UK
| | - Emma Boyland
- Department of Psychology Eleanor Rathbone Building, University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 7ZA UK
| | - Rebecca Evans
- Department of Psychology Eleanor Rathbone Building, University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 7ZA UK
| | - Amy Finlay
- Department of Psychology Eleanor Rathbone Building, University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 7ZA UK
| | - Lauren Halsall
- Department of Psychology Eleanor Rathbone Building, University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 7ZA UK
| | - Gabrielle Humphreys
- Department of Psychology Eleanor Rathbone Building, University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 7ZA UK
| | - Tess Langfield
- Department of Psychology Eleanor Rathbone Building, University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 7ZA UK
| | - India McFarland‐Lesser
- Department of Psychology Eleanor Rathbone Building, University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 7ZA UK
| | - Zina Patel
- Department of Psychology Eleanor Rathbone Building, University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 7ZA UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychology Eleanor Rathbone Building, University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 7ZA UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fu T, Chen H, Chen X, Sun Y, Xie Y, Deng M, Hesketh T, Wang X, Chen J. Sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages and natural juices and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study of 121,490 participants. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1018-1029. [PMID: 35848057 PMCID: PMC9546432 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been related to high-sugar dietary patterns, but the associations of different types of beverages with IBD risk are largely unknown. AIMS To examine any associations between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages and natural juices and IBD risk METHODS: This cohort study included 121,490 participants in the UK Biobank who were free of IBD at recruitment. Intake of beverages was obtained from repeated 24-h diet recalls in 2009-2012. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of beverage intake with IBD risk. RESULTS During a mean (standard deviation) follow-up of 10.2 (1.5) years, we documented 510 incident IBD cases, (143 Crohn's disease (CD) and 367 ulcerative colitis (UC)). Compared to non-consumers, participants consuming >1 unit per day of sugar-sweetened beverages were at significantly higher risk of IBD (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.11-2.05), but the trend was non-significant (p-trend = 0.170). This association was significant for CD (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.22-3.46), but not for UC (HR 1.31, 95% CI 0.89-1.92). We did not observe significant associations for the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages or natural juices. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, rather than artificially sweetened beverages or natural juices, and IBD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Therese Hesketh
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Long-term trends in the consumption of sugary and diet soft drinks among adolescents: a cross-national survey in 21 European countries. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2799-2813. [PMID: 35290478 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess country-level trends in the prevalence of daily consumption of sugary (2002-2018) and diet (2006-2018) soft drinks among European adolescents, overall and by family material affluence. METHODS We used 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018 data from the 'Health Behaviour in School-aged Children' survey. Nationally representative samples of adolescents completed a standardised questionnaire at school, including a short food frequency questionnaire (n = 530,976 and 21 countries for sugary soft drinks; n = 61,487 and 4 countries for diet soft drinks). We classified adolescents into three socioeconomic categories for each country and survey year, using the Family Affluence Scale. Multilevel logistic models estimated time trends, by country. RESULTS Sugary soft drinks: the prevalence of daily consumption (≥ 1×/day) declined in 21/21 countries (Plinear trends ≤ 0.002). Absolute [range - 31.7 to - 3.4% points] and relative [range - 84.8 to - 22.3%] reductions varied considerably across countries, with the largest declines in Ireland, England and Norway. In 3/21 countries, the prevalence of daily consumption decreased more strongly in the most affluent adolescents than in the least affluent ones (P ≤ 0.002). Daily consumption was more prevalent among the least affluent adolescents in 11/21 countries in 2018 (P ≤ 0.002). Diet soft drinks: overall, daily consumption decreased over time in 4/4 countries (Plinear trends ≤ 0.002), more largely among the most affluent adolescents in 1/4 country (P ≤ 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of sugary and diet soft drinks in European adolescents decreased between 2002 (2006 for diet drinks) and 2018. Public health interventions should continue discouraging daily soft drink consumption, particularly among adolescents from lower socioeconomic groups.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang C, Hong X, Wang W, Zhou H, Wu J, Xu H, Zhou N, Zhao J. The Combination of School-Based and Family-Based Interventions Appears Effective in Reducing the Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, a Randomized Controlled Trial among Chinese Schoolchildren. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040833. [PMID: 35215483 PMCID: PMC8875123 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine whether environmental interventions, student awareness and parents’ model roles are associated with the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), a randomized controlled trial was conducted among Chinese schoolchildren. A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was applied to select four primary schools, two in urban areas and two in rural areas, in Nanjing, eastern China. Classes of the third grade in the selected four schools were randomly assigned to the intervention group and control group. Among selected students in those classes, aged 9–10 years, those in the intervention group received intervention measures comprising school-based and family-based measures and accepted monthly monitoring along with interventions, for two consecutive semesters, while those in the control group did not receive any specific interventions. After intervention, there was a significant increase in SSB knowledge and an improvement in the family environment with parents in the intervention group. The proportion of frequent consumption (≥4 times/week) of any SSBs in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group (31.5% vs. 56.2%, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that parental education level is positively associated with reduced SSB consumption. Interventions showed an average decrease in SSBs consumption by 1.77 units, those living in urban areas decreased by 2.05 units. The combination of school-based and family-based interventions appears effective in reducing SSB consumption among Chinese schoolchildren, especially in urban areas and for those with parents with lower educational levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Hairong Zhou
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-25-5701-0699 (N.Z.)
| | - Jinkou Zhao
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-25-5701-0699 (N.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
O’Leary C, Cummins S, Smith RD, Cornelsen L. Like parent, like child: a cross-sectional study of intra-household consumption patterns of non-alcoholic beverages among British households with children. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-9. [PMID: 34955119 PMCID: PMC9991679 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021005061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most research investigating sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and health, conducted at the individual or household level, ignores potentially important intra-household dynamics. We analysed self-reported consumption relationships between children and adults, and between children of different ages, as well as the associations between intra-household consumption, BMI and sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of survey data from Kantar Fast Moving Consumer Goods panellists in September 2017. SETTING Great Britain. PARTICIPANTS Random sample of 603 households with children under 18 years who regularly purchase non-alcoholic beverages. RESULTS Low- or no-sugar/diet beverages dominate consumption across all age categories, particularly children under 12 years. SSB consumption increased as children became older. Children's reported consumption of SSB and low- or no-sugar/diet beverages was positively associated with consumption by adults; a child in adolescence had over nine times the odds of consuming SSB (adjusted OR 9·55, (95 % CI 5·38, 17·00), P < 0·001), and eight times the odds of consuming low- or no-sugar/diet drinks (adjusted OR 8·12, (95 % CI 4·71, 13·97), P < 0·001), if adults did so. In households with multiple children, consumption patterns of older siblings were associated with those of the younger; notably a perfect correlation between children aged 0 and 6 years consuming SSB if siblings 13-18 years did so, and children aged 7-12 years had 22 times the odds of consuming SSB if siblings aged 13-18 years did so (OR 22·33, (95 % CI 8·60, 58·01), P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS Multiple policies, targeting children as well as adults, such as fiscal levers and advertisement restrictions, are needed to reduce and prevent the consumption of SSB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte O’Leary
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, LondonWC1E 7HT, UK
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Cummins
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, LondonWC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Richard D Smith
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Laura Cornelsen
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, LondonWC1E 7HT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Consumption of Milk and alternatives decreased among Canadians from 2004 to 2015: evidence from the Canadian community health surveys. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:63. [PMID: 34719398 PMCID: PMC8559356 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Milk and milk products make important contributions to the diet of Canadians. The aim of this study was to examine trends in Milk & Alternatives consumption among Canadians (≥2 years) from 2004 to 2015. Methods We used nutrition data from 2 nationally representative cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2004 and 2015 [Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2004 Cycle 2.2 and CCHS-Nutrition 2015] to compare Milk & Alternatives consumption between 2004 and 2015. Data from 24-h dietary recalls were collected using the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM). Result From 2004 to 2015, the proportion of Canadians consuming Milk & Alternatives food group significantly decreased from 89.5 to 87.7% and the number of servings consumed per day dropped from 1.9 to 1.7. Despite their low energy contribution (12.3% of energy), Milk & Alternatives contributed 45.8% of calcium, 39.9% of vitamin D, and 36.0% of vitamin B12 to the diet of the Canadian population in 2015. Milk & Alternatives were among the top sources of vitamin A, phosphorus and riboflavin. Milk & Alternatives food group was a major contributor to saturated fat intake in both 2004 (31.2%) and 2015 (28.6%). In 2015, dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D among Milk & Alternatives consumers were 137.8, and 59.4% higher, respectively, than those of non-consumers. Conclusion Daily intake of Milk & Alternatives has decreased in the Canadian population over time, which may adversely affect the nutritional profile of the diet.
Collapse
|
15
|
Islam N, Shafiee M, Vatanparast H. Trends in the consumption of conventional dairy milk and plant-based beverages and their contribution to nutrient intake among Canadians. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 34:1022-1034. [PMID: 33932051 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests a shift from conventional dairy milk to plant-based beverages (PBBs) for a number of lifestyles and perceived health-related reasons. METHODS Using nationally representative cross-sectional data from the 2004 and 2015 Canadian Community Healthy Surveys, the main objectives of the present study were to (i) examine the trend in the proportion of Canadians (≥ 2 years) consuming plain milk and PBBs and (ii) determine the percentage contribution of plain milk and PBBs to daily energy and nutrient intakes. RESULTS From 2004 to 2015, the percentage of Canadians consuming plain milk significantly decreased from 70.2% to 56.1%, whereas the percentage of PBBs consumers significantly increased from 1.8% to 3.0%. In 2015, plain milk provided almost 50% of the daily vitamin D intake, over 30% of calcium and vitamin B12, and over 20% of vitamin A and riboflavin among plain milk consumers. The top five nutrients provided by PBBs among PBBs consumers were vitamin D, calcium, vitamin B12, vitamin A and riboflavin. Although plain milk was a major contributor to saturated fat (14.5%) and protein (12.5%) intake among plain milk consumers, PBBs provided only 0.2% of saturated fat and 1.4% of protein intake in the diet of PBBs consumers. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of plain milk by Canadians has declined and the consumption of PBBs has increased, which may differentially affect the nutritional profile of the diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naorin Islam
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Della Corte K, Fife J, Gardner A, Murphy BL, Kleis L, Della Corte D, Schwingshackl L, LeCheminant JD, Buyken AE. World trends in sugar-sweetened beverage and dietary sugar intakes in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:274-288. [PMID: 32984896 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a systematic overview of world dietary sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake trends in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library were searched through January 2019 to identify longitudinal follow-up studies with time-trend data and repeated cross-sectional studies. DATA EXTRACTION Data from studies reporting ≥ 2 measurements (sugars, SSB, or sweets/candy) over ≥ 2 years and included ≥ 20 healthy, normal- or overweight children or adolescents aged 1-19 years. DATA ANALYSIS Data from 43 articles (n = 4 prospective cohort studies; n = 39 repeated cross-sectional studies) from 15 countries (n = 8 European countries plus Australia, Canada, China, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, and the United States) are presented narratively. According to the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool, 34 studies were judged to have a moderate risk of bias, and 5 to have a serious risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Consumption among US children and adolescents increased substantially in the decades preceding 2000, followed by a faster and continued decline. As a whole, other international intake trends did not reveal drastic increases and decreases in SSB and dietary sugars; they tended to change only slightly across 3 decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Della Corte
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jessica Fife
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Alexis Gardner
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Britta L Murphy
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Linda Kleis
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Dennis Della Corte
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - James D LeCheminant
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Free Sugars Intake among Chinese Adolescents and Its Association with Dental Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030765. [PMID: 33652968 PMCID: PMC7996778 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the free sugars intake, identify the primary food sources of free sugars, and explore the relationship between free sugars intake and dental caries among Chinese adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1517 middle-school students aged 12–14 years in Changsha city, China. Adolescents completed a 12-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and oral health assessment. The students’ dental caries experience was available as DMFT score (number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth). Statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression model. The average intake of free sugars was 53.1 g/d in adolescents, and 43.2% of the students consumed more than 50 g of free sugars daily. The primary contributor to free sugars was sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Age, boarders, and high family income were risk factors for excessive free sugars intake (p < 0.05), and increased free sugars intake was a risk factor for dental caries (odds ratio, OR = 1.446, 95% confidence interval: 1.138–1.839). Both the free sugars intake and dental caries prevalence in Chinese adolescents were high. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to address the excessive consumption of free sugars and improve Chinese adolescents’ oral health.
Collapse
|
18
|
Genovesi S, Giussani M, Orlando A, Orgiu F, Parati G. Salt and Sugar: Two Enemies of Healthy Blood Pressure in Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:697. [PMID: 33671538 PMCID: PMC7927006 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of essential arterial hypertension in children and adolescents has grown considerably in the last few decades, making this disease a major clinical problem in the pediatric age. The pathogenesis of arterial hypertension is multifactorial, with one of the components being represented by incorrect eating habits. In particular, excessive salt and sugar intake can contribute to the onset of hypertension in children, particularly in subjects with excess weight. Babies have an innate predisposition for sweet taste, while that for salty taste manifests after a few weeks. The recent modification of dietary styles and the current very wide availability of salt and sugar has led to an exponential increase in the consumption of these two nutrients. The dietary intake of salt and sugar in children is in fact much higher than that recommended by health agencies. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms via which an excessive dietary intake of salt and sugar can contribute to the onset of arterial hypertension in children and to show the most important clinical studies that demonstrate the association between these two nutrients and arterial hypertension in pediatric age. Correct eating habits are essential for the prevention and nondrug treatment of essential hypertension in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Genovesi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20100 Milan, Italy; (F.O.); (G.P.)
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Cardiology Unit, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marco Giussani
- Family Pediatrician, Agenzia Tutela Salute, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonina Orlando
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Cardiology Unit, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesca Orgiu
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20100 Milan, Italy; (F.O.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20100 Milan, Italy; (F.O.); (G.P.)
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Cardiology Unit, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vanderlee L, White CM, Kirkpatrick SI, Rynard VL, Jáuregui A, Adams J, Sacks G, Hammond D. Nonalcoholic and Alcoholic Beverage Intakes by Adults across 5 Upper-Middle- and High-Income Countries. J Nutr 2021; 151:140-151. [PMID: 33245111 PMCID: PMC7779239 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite considerable public health interest in sugary drink consumption, there has been little comparison of intake across countries. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the consumption frequency and amounts of commonly consumed beverages among adults in 5 upper-middle- and high-income countries, and examine differences in consumption between population subgroups. METHODS Adults aged 18-65 y completed online surveys in December 2017 in Australia (n = 3264), Canada (n = 2745), Mexico (n = 3152), the United Kingdom (n = 3221), and the USA (n = 4015) as part of the International Food Policy Study. The frequency of consuming beverages from 22 categories in the past 7 d was estimated using the Beverage Frequency Questionnaire. Regression models were used to examine differences in the likelihood of any consumption and in the amounts consumed of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), sugary drinks (SSBs and 100% juice), diet, and alcoholic beverages between countries and across sociodemographic subgroups. RESULTS The prevalence of reported SSB consumption in the past 7 d ranged from 47% (United Kingdom) to 81% (Mexico), and that of sugary drinks ranged from 62% (United Kingdom) to 87% (Mexico). Rates of consumption of diet drinks ranged from 26% (Mexico) to 37% (United Kingdom), whereas alcoholic drink consumption rates ranged from 45% (USA) to 52% (Canada). Respondents in Mexico were more likely to consume SSBs and sugary drinks, and in greater amounts, than those in other countries. Respondents in the United Kingdom were more likely to consume diet drinks than those in Australia, Canada, and Mexico, and greater amounts of diet drinks were consumed in the United Kingdom and the USA. Across countries, younger respondents and males were more likely to consume greater amounts of SSBs and sugary drinks. CONCLUSIONS Most adult respondents across all countries consumed SSBs and sugary drinks, with greater consumption in Mexico and the USA. Consumption varied greatly across countries, but patterns of association among subpopulations were relatively similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Vanderlee
- NUTRISS Centre, School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine M White
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicki L Rynard
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Centre for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jean Adams
- Centre for Diet & Activity Research, Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Sacks
- Global Obesity Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rummo PE, Pho N, Bragg MA, Roberto CA, Elbel B. Trends in Store-Level Sales of Sugary Beverages and Water in the U.S., 2006-2015. Am J Prev Med 2020; 59:522-529. [PMID: 32951682 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research on sugar-sweetened beverage trends has focused on self-reported consumption from surveys. Few studies used objective store sales or explored differences by area-level demographics and store type. METHODS The average volume of beverages sold per store per 3-digit zoning improvement plan code from 2006 to 2015 was calculated using national Nielsen Retail Scanner point-of-sale data from 24,240 stores. A multilevel regression model analyzed annual trends, with random intercepts for state and separate models for beverage type (regular soda, no/low-calorie soda, other sugary drinks, 100% fruit juice, bottled water). Differences by store type (convenience, supermarkets, drug stores, mass merchandisers) and area-level demographics (categorized as tertiles) were examined. Data were analyzed in 2019. RESULTS The model-based estimates indicated that sales of regular soda (-11.8%), no/low-calorie soda (-19.8%), and 100% fruit juice (-31.9%) decreased over time, whereas sales of bottled water (+34.4%) increased and sales of other sugary drinks remained stable (+2.4%). Decreases in sugar-sweetened beverage sales were largely concentrated in supermarkets and larger in areas with high income and education levels and a high percentage of black and Hispanic people. There were also relatively larger increases in bottled water sales in states located in the South and Midwest. CONCLUSIONS The finding that sales of sugar-sweetened beverages decreased over time, whereas sales of bottled water increased is encouraging because sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is linked to obesity and other chronic conditions. This study provides a novel, rigorous assessment of U.S. beverage sales trends and differences by community and store characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale E Rummo
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Nam Pho
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marie A Bragg
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; NYU College of Global Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Christina A Roberto
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian Elbel
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Berger N, Cummins S, Allen A, Smith RD, Cornelsen L. Patterns of beverage purchases amongst British households: A latent class analysis. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003245. [PMID: 32898152 PMCID: PMC7478648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beverages, especially sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), have been increasingly subject to policies aimed at reducing their consumption as part of measures to tackle obesity. However, precision targeting of policies is difficult as information on what types of consumers they might affect, and to what degree, is missing. We fill this gap by creating a typology of beverage consumers in Great Britain (GB) based on observed beverage purchasing behaviour to determine what distinct types of beverage consumers exist, and what their socio-demographic (household) characteristics, dietary behaviours, and weight status are. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used cross-sectional latent class analysis to characterise patterns of beverage purchases. We used data from the 2016 GB Kantar Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) panel, a large representative household purchase panel of food and beverages brought home, and restricted our analyses to consumers who purchase beverages regularly (i.e., >52 l per household member annually) (n = 8,675). Six categories of beverages were used to classify households into latent classes: SSBs; diet beverages; fruit juices and milk-based beverages; beer and cider; wine; and bottled water. Multinomial logistic regression and linear regression were used to relate class membership to household characteristics, self-reported weight status, and other dietary behaviours, derived from GB Kantar FMCG. Seven latent classes were identified, characterised primarily by higher purchases of 1 or 2 categories of beverages: 'SSB' (18% of the sample; median SSB volume = 49.4 l/household member/year; median diet beverage volume = 38.0 l), 'Diet' (16%; median diet beverage volume = 94.4 l), 'Fruit & Milk' (6%; median fruit juice/milk-based beverage volume = 30.0 l), 'Beer & Cider' (7%; median beer and cider volume = 36.3 l; median diet beverage volume = 55.6 l), 'Wine' (18%; median wine volume = 25.5 l; median diet beverage volume = 34.3 l), 'Water' (4%; median water volume = 46.9 l), and 'Diverse' (30%; diversity of purchases, including median SSB volume = 22.4 l). Income was positively associated with being classified in the Diverse class, whereas low social grade was more likely for households in the classes SSB, Diet, and Beer & Cider. Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) was more prevalent in the class Diet (41.2%, 95% CI 37.7%-44.7%) despite households obtaining little energy from beverages in that class (17.9 kcal/household member/day, 95% CI 16.2-19.7). Overweight/obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2) was above average in the class SSB (66.8%, 95% CI 63.7%-69.9%). When looking at all groceries, households from the class SSB had higher total energy purchases (1,943.6 kcal/household member/day, 95% CI 1,901.7-1,985.6), a smaller proportion of energy from fruits and vegetables (6.0%, 95% CI 5.8%-6.3%), and a greater proportion of energy from less healthy food and beverages (54.6%, 95% CI 54.0%-55.1%) than other classes. A greater proportion of energy from sweet snacks was observed for households in the classes SSB (18.5%, 95% CI 18.1%-19.0%) and Diet (18.8%, 95% CI 18.3%-19.3%). The main limitation of our analyses, in common with other studies, is that our data do not include information on food and beverage purchases that are consumed outside the home. CONCLUSIONS Amongst households that regularly purchase beverages, those that mainly purchased high volumes of SSBs or diet beverages were at greater risk of obesity and tended to purchase less healthy foods, including a high proportion of energy from sweet snacks. These households might additionally benefit from policies targeting unhealthy foods, such as sweet snacks, as a way of reducing excess energy intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Berger
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Cummins
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Allen
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Cornelsen
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Archer E, Arjmandi B. Falsehoods and facts about dietary sugars: a call for evidence-based policy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3725-3739. [PMID: 32799555 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1804320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sugar, tobacco, and alcohol have been demonized since the seventeenth century. Yet unlike tobacco and alcohol, there is indisputable scientific evidence that dietary sugars were essential for human evolution and are essential for human health and development. Therefore, the purpose of this analytic review and commentary is to demonstrate that anti-sugar rhetoric is divorced from established scientific facts and has led to politically expedient but ill-informed policies reminiscent of those enacted about alcohol a century ago in the United States. Herein, we present a large body of interdisciplinary research to illuminate several misconceptions, falsehoods, and facts about dietary sugars. We argue that anti-sugar policies and recommendations are not merely unscientific but are regressive and unjust because they harm the most vulnerable members of our society while providing no personal or public health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahram Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Epifânio SBO, Silveira JACD, Menezes RCED, Marinho PM, Brebal KMDM, Longo-Silva G. Análise de série temporal do consumo de bebidas açucaradas entre adultos no Brasil: 2007 a 2014. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:2529-2540. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020257.19402018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a tendência temporal e os fatores associados ao consumo de refrigerante ou suco artificial entre adultos no Brasil. Estudo desenvolvido a partir de dados secundários do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico, realizado com adultos brasileiros entre 2007-2014. Foi verificada a frequência e a intensidade do consumo (quantidade de copos ou latas por semana) de refrigerante ou suco artificial. Dados sociodemográficos e comportamentais foram as variáveis independentes. A tendência temporal do consumo anual foi avaliada por meio de Regressão Linear. Os fatores associados (idade, sexo, região, trabalho, escolaridade, hábito de assistir TV) ao consumo dessas bebidas foram investigados por Regressão de Poisson. Houve redução de 32,7% do consumo de refrigerante ou suco artificial entre 2007 e 2014. Os fatores associados ao maior consumo foram: sexo masculino (p = 0,000); faixa etária de 18-29 anos (p = 0,000); residência nas regiões centro-oeste, sudeste e sul (p = 0,000); menor escolaridade (p = 0,616); estar empregado (p = 0,007) e assistir TV mais de 3 horas por dia (p = 0,000). As análises descrevem uma tendência de queda no consumo de refrigerante ou suco artificial entre os adultos no Brasil de 2007 a 2014.
Collapse
|
24
|
Russo E, Leoncini G, Esposito P, Garibotto G, Pontremoli R, Viazzi F. Fructose and Uric Acid: Major Mediators of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Starting at Pediatric Age. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4479. [PMID: 32599713 PMCID: PMC7352635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in epidemiological and clinical studies supporting a pathogenetic role of fructose in cardio-metabolic diseases, especially in children and adolescents. In the present review, we summarize experimental data on the potential biological mechanisms linking fructose and uric acid in the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic renal disease, thereby contributing to an increase in cardiovascular risk at pediatric age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Russo
- Clinica Nefrologica, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (E.R.); (P.E.); (G.G.)
| | - Giovanna Leoncini
- Clinica di Medicina Interna 2, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Clinica Nefrologica, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (E.R.); (P.E.); (G.G.)
| | - Giacomo Garibotto
- Clinica Nefrologica, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (E.R.); (P.E.); (G.G.)
| | - Roberto Pontremoli
- Clinica di Medicina Interna 2, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Clinica Nefrologica, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (E.R.); (P.E.); (G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To identify correlates and underlying beliefs regarding the adolescents’ intention to abstain from consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and the consumption of ≤1 daily portion of SSB.Design:Correlational study.Setting:Region of Chaudière-Appalaches in the province of Quebec, Canada.Participants:311 adolescents aged 13–18 years completed a self-administrated online questionnaire based on the Reasoned Action Approach. Frequency and quantity of different types of SSB within the past month were measured.Results:Total mean SSB intake was 882·6 ml/d (654·0 kJ/d ). Only 11·3 % abstained from SSB within the last month. Intention to abstain from SSB was explained by identification as SSB abstainers (β = 0·47), perceived norm (β = 0·32), attitude (β = 0·30), age 13–14 years (β = –0·27) and perception of the school environment (β = 0·14), which explained 66 % of the variance. Consumption of ≤1 daily portion of SSB was explained by the intention to abstain (OR = 1·55; 95 % CI 1·14, 2·11), perceived behavioural control to abstain (OR = 1·80; 95 % CI 1·29, 2·52), sex (girls v. boys: OR = 2·34; 95 % CI 1·37, 3·98) and socio-economic status (advantaged v. disadvantaged school: OR = 2·08; 95 % CI 1·21, 3·56). Underlying beliefs (i.e. more energy, decreased risk of addiction and friends’ approval) associated with intention as well as perceived barriers (e.g. access to SSB, after an activity that makes you thirsty), and facilitating factors (e.g. access to water) linked to SSB consumption were identified.Conclusions:The results can inform public health interventions to decrease SSB consumption and their associated health problems among adolescents.
Collapse
|
26
|
Griffith R, O'Connell M, Smith K, Stroud R. What's on the Menu? Policies to Reduce Young People's Sugar Consumption. FISCAL STUDIES 2020; 41:165-197. [PMID: 32612314 PMCID: PMC7319480 DOI: 10.1111/1475-5890.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Young people in the UK consume far above the maximum recommended levels of added sugar. It is likely that neither they nor their parents fully take account of the future health, social and economic costs of this high sugar consumption. This provides a rationale for policy intervention. The majority of young people's added sugar consumption occurs in the home, where purchases are typically made by parents. This means that understanding the purchase decisions of adults is important for policy design, even if the policies aim to reduce the consumption of young people. We discuss the merits of popular policies, including taxes, advertising restrictions and restrictions on the availability of specific foods, and we identify promising avenues for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kate Smith
- Institute for Fiscal StudiesUniversity College London
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
High sugar-sweetened beverage intake frequency is associated with smoking, irregular meal intake and higher serum uric acid in Taiwanese adolescents. J Nutr Sci 2020; 9:e7. [PMID: 32166022 PMCID: PMC7054303 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2020.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Types of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) can differ greatly between countries, with greater consumption of sweetened tea in Asia. This study aimed to understand changes in SSB consumption by adolescents in Taiwan over 18 years and their association with demographic characteristics and clinical outcome. This study used survey data from the 1993-1996 and 2010-2011 Nutrition and Health Surveys in Taiwan. Participants were high school students aged 13 to 18 years. Data were weighted and analysed using SUDAAN 11.0 and SAS 9.4. Participants were asked about intake frequencies of SSB and were grouped into four different SSB intake groups based on the combination of high or low frequency (including moderate frequency) of intake of sweetened tea and soda/sports/energy drinks. Results indicated over 99 % of teens reported having at least one SSB in the past week. Smoking status was significantly associated with SSB intake types with high tea intake (high tea and low soda (HL) group, OR 7·56, P < 0·001; high tea and high soda (HH) group, OR 9·96, P < 0·001). After adjustment for potential confounders, adolescents in the low tea and high soda (LH) group (β = 0·05, P = 0·034) had significantly higher mean serum uric acid values. In conclusion, sugary tea remains the SSB of choice for Taiwanese adolescents. Those with a frequent intake of soda/sports/energy drinks had a higher chance of being hyperuricaemic.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bandy LK, Scarborough P, Harrington RA, Rayner M, Jebb SA. Reductions in sugar sales from soft drinks in the UK from 2015 to 2018. BMC Med 2020; 18:20. [PMID: 31931800 PMCID: PMC6956503 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of free sugars in the UK is more than double the guideline intake for adults and close to triple for children, with soft drinks representing a significant proportion. The aim of this study was to assess how individual soft drink companies and consumers have responded to calls to reduce sugar consumption, including the soft drink industry levy (SDIL), between 2015 and 2018. METHODS This was an annual cross-sectional study using nutrient composition data of 7377 products collected online, paired with volume sales data for 195 brands offered by 57 companies. The main outcome measures were sales volume, sugar content and volume of sugars sold by company and category, expressed in total and per capita per day terms. RESULTS Between 2015 and 2018, the volume of sugars sold per capita per day from soft drinks declined by 30%, equivalent to a reduction of 4.6 g per capita per day. The sales-weighted mean sugar content of soft drinks fell from 4.4 g/100 ml in 2015 to 2.9 g/100 ml in 2018. The total volume sales of soft drinks that are subject to the SDIL (i.e. contain more than 5 g/100 ml of sugar) fell by 50%, while volume sales of low- and zero-sugar (< 5 g/100 ml) drinks rose by 40%. CONCLUSION Action by the soft drinks industry to reduce sugar in products and change their product portfolios, coupled with changes in consumer purchasing, has led to a significant reduction in the total volume and per capita sales of sugars sold in soft drinks in the UK. The rate of change accelerated between 2017 and 2018, which also implies that the implementation of the SDIL acted as an extra incentive for companies to reformulate above and beyond what was already being done as part of voluntary commitments to reformulation, or changes in sales driven by consumer preferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L K Bandy
- Centre on Population Approaches for NCD Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, BDI Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - P Scarborough
- Centre on Population Approaches for NCD Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, BDI Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - R A Harrington
- Centre on Population Approaches for NCD Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, BDI Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - M Rayner
- Centre on Population Approaches for NCD Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, BDI Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - S A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jones AC, Kirkpatrick SI, Hammond D. Beverage consumption and energy intake among Canadians: analyses of 2004 and 2015 national dietary intake data. Nutr J 2019; 18:60. [PMID: 31627756 PMCID: PMC6800499 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among adults and children consuming Western diets, beverages are significant sources of free sugars, saturated fats, excess calories, and alcohol, with relevance to chronic disease risk. The impact of recent healthy eating policies and beverage market evolutions on population-level consumption patterns in Canada is unknown. The current study examined trends in intake of a range of beverage types among a nationally-representative sample of Canadians, with stratification by socio-demographic characteristics. Methods The 2004 (n = 34,775) and 2015 (n = 20,176) nutrition-focused cycles of the Canadian Community Health Surveys are cross-sectional surveys representative of the population of the 10 Canadian provinces. Based on a single multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall for each participant, fluids consumed as beverages were grouped into seven categories. Using linear regression, reported intake (volume, ml and energy, kcal) of each category was characterized over time and in relation to sex, age, ethnicity, income, body mass index (BMI), and province of residence. Results In 2015, Canadians reported consuming an average of 1806 ml (275 kcal) fluids as beverages per day, including: plain water 867 ml (0 kcal); other unsweetened beverages, e.g. coffee, 364 ml (6 kcal); sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) 204 ml (99 kcal); plain milk 132 ml (64 kcal); alcoholic drinks 120 ml (71 kcal); 100% juice 74 ml (34 kcal); and diet or low calorie beverages 44 ml (2 kcal). Differential consumption was observed across socio-demographic groups, with high consumption of sugary drinks (i.e., SSBs and 100% juice) and alcohol across groups. From 2004 to 2015, the reported volumes of beverages consumed decreased by 10% (energy: − 24%). With adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, there were significant changes (p < 0.001) over time in intake of: 100% juice − 40% (− 38%); plain milk − 37% (− 35%); SSBs − 26% (− 20%); diet or low calorie beverages (− 46%); and other unsweetened beverages − 11% (− 42%). The volume of plain water consumed increased by 10% (p < 0.0001). Intake of alcoholic (volume and energy) and diet or light beverages did not change significantly. Conclusions Lower intake of beverages was reported by Canadians in 2015 versus 2004, with a shift towards plain water. Consumption of sugary drinks decreased, but these beverages continue to contribute substantially to Canadians' overall energy intake. The findings underscore the need for policies to further reduce the consumption of sugary and alcoholic beverages, as well as calories from beverages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Jones
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, PO Box 7343, Wellington, Newtown, 6242, New Zealand.
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abdel Rahman A, Jomaa L, Kahale LA, Adair P, Pine C. Effectiveness of behavioral interventions to reduce the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2019; 76:88-107. [PMID: 29281069 PMCID: PMC5939855 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) among children has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Numerous behavioral interventions aimed at reducing the intake of SSBs among children have been reported, yet evidence of their effectiveness is lacking. Objective This systematic review explored the effectiveness of educational and behavioral interventions to reduce SSB intake and to influence health outcomes among children aged 4 to 16 years. Data Sources Seven databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published prior to September 2016. Studies identified were screened for eligibility. Study Selection Trials were included in the review if they met the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study design) criteria for inclusion of studies. Data Extraction Data were extracted by 2 reviewers following Cochrane guidelines and using Review Manager software. Results Of the 16 trials included, 12 were school based and 4 were community or home based. Only 3 trials provided data that could be pooled into a meta-analysis for evaluating change in SSB intake. Subgroup analyses showed a trend toward a significant reduction in SSB intake in participants in school-based interventions compared with control groups. Change in body mass index z scores was not statistically significant between groups. Conclusions The quality of evidence from included trials was considered moderate, and the effectiveness of educational and behavioral interventions in reducing SSB intake was modest. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42014004432.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Abdel Rahman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Ashrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lamis Jomaa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lara A Kahale
- Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pauline Adair
- School of Psychology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia Pine
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Trends in sugary drinks in Canada, 2004 to 2015: a comparison of market sales and dietary intake data. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2723-2728. [PMID: 31270002 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to examine the correspondence between sales data and dietary recall data for sugary drinks in Canada. DESIGN Repeat cross-sectional analysis of sales data for sugary drinks sold in Canada from 2004 to 2015 from two sources: GlobalData (GD) and Euromonitor (EM). Sugary drinks included ten beverage categories containing free sugars. Analyses examined sales volumes over time, with adjustment for population growth. National intake estimates were drawn from the 2004 and 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Nutrition. SETTING Canada. PARTICIPANTS Not applicable. RESULTS In 2015, daily per capita sugary drinks consumption was estimated as 356 ml (GD) and 443 ml (EM) from sales data sources, and as 277 ml from dietary recall data. Both sales data sources and dietary recall data indicated that per capita sugary drinks consumption decreased from 2004 to 2015, although the magnitude of this change differed: -23 % (GD), -17 % (EM) and -32 % (CCHS Nutrition). Market sales data showed similar trends among categories of sugary drinks, with decreases in sales of traditional beverage categories (e.g. carbonated soft drinks) and increases in novel categories (e.g. sugar-sweetened coffee). CONCLUSIONS All data sources indicate a declining trend in sugary drinks consumption between 2004 and 2015, but with considerable differences in magnitude. Consumption estimates from sales data were substantially higher than estimates from dietary recall data, likely due to under-reporting of beverage intake through dietary recall and the inability of sales data to account for beverages sold but not consumed. Despite the observed decline, sugary drinks sales volumes remain high in Canada.
Collapse
|
32
|
Goisis A, Martinson M, Sigle W. When richer doesn't mean thinner: Ethnicity, socioeconomic position, and the risk of child obesity in the United Kingdom. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2019; 41:649-678. [PMID: 33883973 PMCID: PMC8057728 DOI: 10.4054/demres.2019.41.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A range of studies report a robust association between family socioeconomic position and the prevalence of child overweight/obesity. On average, children from poorer backgrounds are more likely to be overweight/obese than children from more advantaged families. However, a small number of US studies have shown that, for ethnic minority children, the association is either nonexistent or reversed. OBJECTIVE We test if the link between socioeconomic position and child overweight/obesity at age 7 is heterogeneous in the United Kingdom where rates of obesity are particularly high for some groups of ethnic minority children. METHODS We use nationally representative data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study as well as descriptive analyses and logistic regression models. RESULTS Poorer White children are at higher risk of overweight/obesity than higher income White children. However, socioeconomic disparities are reversed for Black African/Caribbean children and nonexistent for children of Indian and Pakistani/Bangladeshi origin. Moreover, the health behaviours that explain socioeconomic disparities in child overweight/obesity for the White group appear to be irrelevant in explaining differences by socioeconomic position for the Black Caribbean and African groups. CONCLUSIONS We should be careful in assuming that higher socioeconomic position is protective against child overweight/obesity for all groups of the population. CONTRIBUTION This study shows for the first time important variation by ethnicity in the link between socioeconomic position and child overweight/obesity - and in the underlying mechanisms linking them - in the United Kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Goisis
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK; Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany; Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Department of Social Science, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Martinson
- Gender Institute, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Wendy Sigle
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Riley MD, Hendrie GA, Baird DL. Drink Choice is Important: Beverages Make a Substantial Contribution to Energy, Sugar, Calcium and Vitamin C Intake among Australians. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061389. [PMID: 31226860 PMCID: PMC6627926 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand the role of beverages in population dietary intake in order to give relevant advice. Population estimates were derived from one-day food recall dietary data from 12,153 participants in the 2011–2012 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Almost all Australians (99.9%) consumed at least one beverage on the day of the survey, accounting for 16.6% of the total energy intake for adults (aged 19 years and over) and 13.0% for children (aged 2–18 years). Similarly, beverages contributed 26–29% to calcium intake, 22–28% to vitamin C intake, and 35–36% to sugar intake. Water was consumed on the day of the survey by 84.1% of Australian adults and 90.5% of children. For adults, the greatest beverage contributors to total energy intake were alcoholic drinks (5.6%), coffee (3.1%), and soft drinks (1.9%), and for children, plain milk (3.1%), flavoured milk (2.8%), and fruit juice (2.6%). Coffee (10.6%) made the greatest contribution to calcium intake for adults; and plain milk (9.9%) and flavoured milk (7.6%) for children. The greatest contributors to vitamin C intake were fruit juice (13.4%) and alcoholic drinks (6.1%) for adults; and fruit juice (23.4%) for children. For total sugar intake, soft drinks (8.0%), coffee (8.4%), and fruit juice (5.9%) made the highest contribution for adults; and fruit juice (9.8%) and soft drinks (8.7%) for children. The type and amount of beverage consumption has considerable relevance to dietary quality for Australians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm D Riley
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Gilly A Hendrie
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Danielle L Baird
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, SA 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ferrar J, Griggs RL, Stuijfzand BG, Rogers PJ. Food portion size influences accompanying beverage selection in adults. Appetite 2019; 136:103-113. [PMID: 30685316 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When trying to reduce food portion size, it is important that meal satisfaction is, as far as possible, preserved. Otherwise, individuals may select accompaniments to the meal (e.g., snacks, beverages) to achieve satisfaction and, in doing so, negate any benefit of the original portion size reduction. This study investigated whether varying portion sizes of food would influence choice of accompanying beverages. That is, when presented with a food portion size that is smaller or larger than their ideal, an individual may compensate by choosing a beverage based on its satiating and/or orosensory properties to balance the expected satiation and satisfaction of a meal. Data from an online interactive study (n = 93) was analysed using multilevel ordinal logistic regression models. Food portion size (100, 300, 500, 700, or 900 kcal) predicted beverage choice (water, low-energy sweetened beverage, high-energy sweetened beverage). For example, the sweetened beverages were more likely to be selected with small food portion sizes (p < .001). Participant ideal food portion size did not interact with this relationship. Participants appear to have recognised that sweetened beverages provide flavour and/or energy, and used them to compensate for a smaller meal. While switching to a low-energy beverage with an increased food portion size is advantageous for energy balance, choosing a high-energy beverage with a decreased food portion size is likely to be detrimental for those attempting to reduce energy intake and body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ferrar
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, United Kingdom.
| | - Rebecca L Griggs
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, United Kingdom
| | - Bobby G Stuijfzand
- Jean Golding Institute for Data-Intensive Research, University of Bristol, Royal Fort House, Bristol, BS8 1UH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Rogers
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pell D, Penney T, Hammond D, Vanderlee L, White M, Adams J. Support for, and perceived effectiveness of, the UK soft drinks industry levy among UK adults: cross-sectional analysis of the International Food Policy Study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026698. [PMID: 30827952 PMCID: PMC6429875 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To answer four questions: What are attitudes, knowledge and social norms around sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)? What are current levels of trust in messages on SSBs? What is current support for, and perceived effectiveness of, the UK soft drinks industry levy (SDIL)? What is the association between attitudes, knowledge, social norms, trust, SSB consumption and sociodemographic factors; and support for, and perceived effectiveness of, the SDIL? DESIGN Cross-sectional online survey. SETTING UK. PARTICIPANTS UK respondents to the 2017 International Food Policy Study aged 18-64 years who provided information on all variables of interest (n=3104). OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported perceived effectiveness of, and support for, the SDIL. RESULTS Most participants supported the SDIL (70%), believed it would be effective (71%), had a positive attitude to SSBs (62%), had knowledge of the link between SSBs and obesity (90%), and trusted messages from health experts (61%), but not those from the food and beverage industry (73%). Nearly half (46%) had negative social norms about drinking SSBs. In adjusted models, older age, non-consumption of SSBs, social norms to not drinks SSBs, knowledge of the link between SSBs and obesity and trust in health expert messages were associated with greater support for the SDIL, whereas having dependent children and trusting messages from the food and beverage industry were associated with less support. In adjusted models, older age was associated with lower perceived effectiveness of the SDIL, whereas social norms to not drink SSBs, negative attitudes to SSBs and trusting messages from health experts and the food and beverage industry were associated with greater perceived effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS There was strong support for the SDIL and belief that it would be effective. Those with more 'public health' orientated norms and trust were generally more likely to support the SDIL or believe that it would be effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Pell
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarra Penney
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin White
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Park H, Yu S. Policy review: Implication of tax on sugar-sweetened beverages for reducing obesity and improving heart health. HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
37
|
Kim J, Yun S, Oh K. Beverage consumption among Korean adolescents: data from 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:70-75. [PMID: 30788059 PMCID: PMC6369117 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and obesity is universally a controversial issue. This study was undertaken to examine the beverage consumption pattern of Korean adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data was collected from the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey involving 65,528 adolescent respondents. A list of the most frequently consumed beverages was analyzed, and the consumption frequency of carbonated beverages, SSBs, and energy drinks during the past seven-days was assessed. The main reasons for the adolescents to consume the beverages were also determined. RESULTS The beverage preference of adolescents were carbonated beverages (31.0%), ‘fruit and vegetable beverages (17.7%)’, ‘milk (13.6%)’, and ‘coffee (12.7%)’. Carbonated beverages and SSBs were consumed more than three times a week by 27.1% and 41.1% of the respondents, respectively. About 86.2% of adolescents did not take of any energy drinks during the last seven-days. Taste was the most common reason that adolescents considered when choosing a drink. Carbonated beverages consumed more frequently by boys than girls, and high school students drank coffee more frequently than middle school students. CONCLUSIONS Boys had a higher preference for unhealthy beverages than girls, whereas consumption of high-caffeine drinks was greater amongst high-school students than middle school students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Kim
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Sungha Yun
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Oh
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Godin KM, Hammond D, Chaurasia A, Leatherdale ST. Examining changes in school vending machine beverage availability and sugar-sweetened beverage intake among Canadian adolescents participating in the COMPASS study: a longitudinal assessment of provincial school nutrition policy compliance and effectiveness. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:121. [PMID: 30482211 PMCID: PMC6257956 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background School nutrition policies can encourage restrictions in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) availability in school food outlets in order to discourage students’ SSB intake. The main objective was to examine how beverage availability in school vending machines changes over three school years across schools in distinct school nutrition policy contexts. Secondary objectives were to examine how students’ weekday SSB intake varies with time and identify longitudinal associations between beverage availability and SSB intake. Methods This longitudinal study used data from the COMPASS study (2013/14–2015/16), representing 7679 students from 78 Canadian secondary schools and three provincial school nutrition policy contexts (Alberta – voluntary guidelines, Ontario public – mandatory guidelines, and Ontario private schools – no guidelines). We assessed availability of 10 beverage categories in schools’ vending machines via the COMPASS School Environment Application and participants’ intake of three SSB varieties (soft drinks, sweetened coffees/teas, and energy drinks) via a questionnaire. Hierarchical regression models were used to examine whether: i) progression of time and policy group were associated with beverage availability; and, ii) beverage availability was associated with students’ SSB intake. Results Ontario public schools were significantly less likely than the other policy groups to serve SSBs in their vending machines, with the exception of flavoured milks. Vending machine beverage availability was consistent over time. Participants’ overall SSB intake remained relatively stable; reductions in soft drink intake were partially offset by increased sweetened coffee/tea consumption. Relative to Ontario public schools, attending school in Alberta was associated with more frequent energy drink intake and overall SSB intake whereas attending an Ontario private school was associated with less frequent soft drink intake, with no differences in overall SSB intake. Few beverage availability variables were significantly associated with participants’ SSB intake. Conclusions Mandatory provincial school nutrition policies were predictive of more limited SSB availability in school vending machines. SSB intake was significantly lower in Ontario public and private schools, although we did not detect a direct association between SSB consumption and availability. The findings provide support for mandatory school nutrition policies, as well as the need for comprehensive school- and broader population-level efforts to reduce SSB intake. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-018-0754-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M Godin
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ashok Chaurasia
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hong J, Whelton H, Douglas G, Kang J. Consumption frequency of added sugars and UK children's dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 46:457-464. [PMID: 30125961 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between consumption frequency of foods and drinks with added sugar and dental caries experience in the permanent teeth of 12- and 15-year-old children in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, using the Children's Dental Health Survey 2013 (CDHS) data. METHODS Four thousand nine hundred and fifty children aged 12 and 15 have the following information available: daily consumption frequency of foods and drinks with added sugar, tooth-brushing frequency, dental attendance, and water-drinking frequency. The children's dental caries experience was available as a DMFT score (number of decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth). A zero-inflated negative binomial model (ZINB) was used to fit the DMFT score. RESULTS Lower socioeconomic status (SES), nonregular dental check-ups, and low water-drinking frequency were associated with higher consumption frequency of added sugar (all P < 0.05). The consumption frequency of both drinks and foods with added sugar also differed by region (P < 0.001), and children who more frequently consumed foods with added sugars also consumed drinks with added sugars more often (P < 0.001). Using the Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial model, DMFT scores were not associated with consumption frequency of added sugars for children with caries (DMFT > 0), but the chance of being free of obvious caries (DMFT = 0) was lower for children with high frequency (≥4) of sugar-added foods than for children reported to have a sugar-free diet (OR = 0.5, 95% CI [0.3, 0.8]). CONCLUSIONS Consumption frequency of added sugars was associated with dental caries and a number of child demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Children who consume foods and drinks with added sugar more frequently are more likely to develop dental caries, but higher consumption frequency of drinking water in fluoridated areas might reduce dental caries. The findings add to the evidence for the association between children's dental caries and added sugar consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialan Hong
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gail Douglas
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jing Kang
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gojanovic B. Physical Activity Is an Opportunity for the Health of Nations: What Should We Do Next? PRAXIS 2018; 107:943-949. [PMID: 30131026 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity provides huge opportunities for the health of nations. Understanding this, the World Health Organization has published a Global Action Plan which aims to provide member states with a framework for action, namely to create active societies, people, environments and systems. The target is set at a 15 % reduction in physical inactivity levels by 2030. We explore in this paper some of the challenges and opportunities that come with it, and give the practitioner some real-world opportunities for relevant action at the local level, as well as for their patients, staying true to the Physician's Pledge (Declaration of Geneva): "I will attend to my own health, well-being, and abilities in order to provide care of the highest standard."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Gojanovic
- 1 Health and Performance Medical Director, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Hôpital de La Tour, Meyrin, Genève
- 2 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Médecine du Sport pour Adolescents, Département Femme-Mère-Enfant (DFME), CHUV, Lausanne
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Brownbill AL, Miller CL, Braunack-Mayer AJ. The marketing of sugar-sweetened beverages to young people on Facebook. Aust N Z J Public Health 2018; 42:354-360. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L. Brownbill
- School of Public Health; The University of Adelaide; South Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute
| | - Caroline L. Miller
- School of Public Health; The University of Adelaide; South Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cornelsen L, Mytton OT, Adams J, Gasparrini A, Iskander D, Knai C, Petticrew M, Scott C, Smith R, Thompson C, White M, Cummins S. Change in non-alcoholic beverage sales following a 10-pence levy on sugar-sweetened beverages within a national chain of restaurants in the UK: interrupted time series analysis of a natural experiment. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018; 71:1107-1112. [PMID: 29038317 PMCID: PMC5847096 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-209947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background This study evaluates changes in sales of non-alcoholic beverages in Jamie’s Italian, a national chain of commercial restaurants in the UK, following the introduction of a £0.10 per-beverage levy on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and supporting activity including beverage menu redesign, new products and establishment of a children’s health fund from levy proceeds. Methods We used an interrupted time series design to quantify changes in sales of non-alcoholic beverages 12 weeks and 6 months after implementation of the levy, using itemised electronic point of sale data. Main outcomes were number of SSBs and other non-alcoholic beverages sold per customer. Linear regression and multilevel random effects models, adjusting for seasonality and clustering, were used to investigate changes in SSB sales across all restaurants (n=37) and by tertiles of baseline restaurant SSB sales per customer. Results Compared with the prelevy period, the number of SSBs sold per customer declined by 11.0% (−17.3% to −4.3%) at 12 weeks and 9.3% (−15.2% to −3.2%) at 6 months. For non-levied beverages, sales per customer of children’s fruit juice declined by 34.7% (−55.3% to −4.3%) at 12 weeks and 9.9% (−16.8% to −2.4%) at 6 months. At 6 months, sales per customer of fruit juice increased by 21.8% (14.0% to 30.2%) but sales of diet cola (−7.3%; −11.7% to −2.8%) and bottled waters (−6.5%; −11.0% to −1.7%) declined. Changes in sales were only observed in restaurants in the medium and high tertiles of baseline SSB sales per customer. Conclusions Introduction of a £0.10 levy on SSBs alongside complementary activities is associated with declines in SSB sales per customer in the short and medium term, particularly in restaurants with higher baseline sales of SSBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cornelsen
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Oliver T Mytton
- Centre for Diet & Activity Research & MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- Centre for Diet & Activity Research & MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Dalia Iskander
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cecile Knai
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Courtney Scott
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Richard Smith
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Claire Thompson
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Martin White
- Centre for Diet & Activity Research & MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gandy J, Martinez H, Carmuega E, Arredondo JL, Pimentel C, Moreno LA, Kavouras SA, Salas-Salvadó J. Fluid intake of Latin American children and adolescents: results of four 2016 LIQ.IN 7 National Cross-Sectional Surveys. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:53-63. [PMID: 29858628 PMCID: PMC6008370 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this survey was to report total fluid intake (TFI) and different fluid types for children (4-9 years) and adolescents (10-17 years) in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. The second aim was to compare TFI with the adequate intake (AI) of water from fluids as recommended by the USA Institute of Medicine. METHODS Data were collected using a validated liquid intake 7-day record (Liq.In 7 ). Participants' characteristics, including age, sex and anthropometric measurements were recorded. RESULTS A total of 733 children and 933 adolescents were recruited. Over 75% of children in Uruguay met the IOM's recommended intake. Fewer children in Argentina (64-72%) and Brazil (41-50%) obtained AI and the lowest values were recorded in Mexico (33-44%), where 16% of boys and 14% girls drank 50% or less of the AI. More adolescents in Argentina (42%) met the AIs than other countries; the lowest was in Mexico (28%). Children and adolescents in Mexico and Argentina drank more sugar sweetened beverages than water. CONCLUSIONS Large numbers of children and adolescents did not meet AI recommendations for TFI, raising concerns about their hydration status and potential effects on mental and physical well-being. Given the negative effects on children's health, the levels of SSB consumption are worrying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gandy
- British Dietetic Association, Birmingham, UK.
- School of Life and Medical Services, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - H Martinez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Carmuega
- Center of Studies on Infant Nutrition, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J L Arredondo
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Pimentel
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - S A Kavouras
- Hydration Science Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Berrani H, Alaoui AM, Ettair S, Mouane N, Izgua AT. Consommation des produits lactés chez l’enfant et l’adolescent marocain de 2 à 16 ans: une étude monocentrique. Pan Afr Med J 2018. [PMID: 29515743 PMCID: PMC5837146 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.28.125.9533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evaluer la consommation quotidienne des produits laitiers dans une population d’enfants marocains et déterminer les facteurs associés pouvant influencer cette consommation. Méthodes Etude prospective du 1er octobre 2013 au 31 avril 2014. Les enfants âgés entre 2 et 16 ans ont été inclus. Le recrutement a eu lieu dans la ville de Fès. Le recueil des données s’est fait à l’aide d’un questionnaire fréquentiel. Les parents et les enfants inclus ont été interrogés sur la consommation des produits laitiers et les facteurs socio-démographiques avec une évaluation anthropométrique des enfants. L’association des variables à la consommation des produits laitiers a été analysée en analyse univariée et multivariée par un modèle de régression logistique. Résultats L’enquête alimentaire avait intéressé 286 enfants dont 151 filles (52,8 %) et 131 garçons (45,8%). Les enfants âgés de 2 à 3 ans représentaient 26,4 %, ceux âgés de 4 à 7 ans 28,9 %, ceux âgés de 7 à 9 ans 18,3 % et les adolescents âgés de 10 à 16 ans 26,4 %. Les enfants consommaient en moyenne 2.5±1 produits laitiers par jour. Les enfants consommaient au moins 3 produits laitiers par jour dans 57,8% chez les enfants âgés de 2 à 3 ans, 53,6% chez les enfants âgés de 4 à 6 ans, 40% chez les enfants âgés de 7 à 9 ans et 41.2% chez les enfants âgés de 10 à 16 ans. Les facteurs associés à la consommation de trois produits laitiers minimum par jour en analyse univariée étaient le niveau d’instruction maternel analphabète p < 0.001 OR = 0.1 et primaire p = 0.002 OR = 0.1, le niveau socioéconomique familial moyen p < 0.001 OR = 3, l’âge p= 0.01 OR = 0.9 et l’indice de masse corporelle normal p = 0.01 OR = 2.5 et > 90° percentiles p < 0.001 OR = 6. Il existe un lien positif entre l’indice de masse corporelle > 90° percentiles p = 0.01 OR = 3.9 est et la quantité consommée des produits laitiers et négatif avec le faible niveau de scolarité maternel analphabète p = 0.008 OR = 0.1 et primaire p = 0.009 OR = 0.1. Conclusion La consommation du lait et des autres produits laitiers était inappropriée en particulier chez l’enfant âgé de 7 à 9 ans et l’adolescent de 10 à 16 ans. Le faible niveau d’éducation maternel et un indice de masse corporelle supérieur au 90° percentiles était des facteurs indépendamment associés à la consommation de moins de 3 produits laitiers par jour. La sensibilisation des parents et des enfants sur l’intérêt du lait et de ses dérivés dans l’alimentation de l’enfant est indispensable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Berrani
- Equipe de Recherche en Nutrition et Sciences de l'Alimentation, Hôpital d'enfants, Rabat, Maroc.,Service de Pédiatrie III, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Asmae Mdaghri Alaoui
- Equipe de Recherche en Nutrition et Sciences de l'Alimentation, Hôpital d'enfants, Rabat, Maroc.,Service de Néonatologie, Pédiatrie V, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Said Ettair
- Equipe de Recherche en Nutrition et Sciences de l'Alimentation, Hôpital d'enfants, Rabat, Maroc.,Service de Pédiatrie III, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Nezha Mouane
- Equipe de Recherche en Nutrition et Sciences de l'Alimentation, Hôpital d'enfants, Rabat, Maroc.,Service de Pédiatrie III, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Amal Thimou Izgua
- Equipe de Recherche en Nutrition et Sciences de l'Alimentation, Hôpital d'enfants, Rabat, Maroc.,Service de Néonatologie, Pédiatrie V, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Smith AD, Fildes A, Forwood S, Cooke L, Llewellyn C. The individual environment, not the family is the most important influence on preferences for common non-alcoholic beverages in adolescence. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16822. [PMID: 29203875 PMCID: PMC5715117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Beverage preferences are an important driver of consumption, and strong liking for beverages high in energy (e.g. sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs]) and dislike for beverages low in energy (e.g. non-nutritive sweetened beverages [NNSBs]) are potentially modifiable risk factors contributing to variation in intake. Twin studies have established that both genes and environment play important roles in shaping food preferences; but the aetiology of variation in non-alcoholic beverage preferences is unknown. 2865 adolescent twins (18-19-years old) from the Twins Early Development Study were used to quantify genetic and environmental influence on variation in liking for seven non-alcoholic beverages: SSBs; NNSBs; fruit cordials, orange juice, milk, coffee, and tea. Maximum Likelihood Structural Equation Modelling established that beverage preferences have a moderate to low genetic basis; from 18% (95% CI: 10%, 25%) for orange juice to 42% (36%, 43%) for fruit cordials. Aspects of the environment that are not shared by twin pairs explained all remaining variance in drink preferences. The sizeable unique environmental influence on beverage preferences highlights the potential for environmental modification. Policies and guidelines to change preferences for unhealthy beverages may therefore be best directed at the wider environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Smith
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Fildes
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanna Forwood
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Cooke
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Llewellyn
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Visram S, Crossley SJ, Cheetham M, Lake A. Children and young people's perceptions of energy drinks: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188668. [PMID: 29190753 PMCID: PMC5708842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of soft drinks is declining in many countries, yet energy drink sales continue to increase, particularly amongst young consumers. Little is currently known about the drivers behind these trends. Energy drinks are high in sugar and caffeine, and evidence indicates that regular or heavy use by under 18s is likely to be detrimental to health. This study aimed to explore children and young people's attitudes and perceptions in relation to energy drinks in a UK context. METHODS Eight focus groups were conducted with pupils aged 10-11 years (n = 20) and 13-14 years (n = 17) from four schools in northern England. A sub-sample also took part in a mapping exercise to generate further insights. Data were analysed using the constant comparative approach. RESULTS Energy drinks were reportedly consumed in a variety of public and private places, generally linked to social activities, sports and computer gaming (particularly amongst boys). Participants demonstrated strong brand awareness and preferences that were linked to taste and perceived value for money. The relatively low price of energy drinks and their widespread availability were identified as key factors, along with gendered branding and marketing. Some participants demonstrated a critical approach to manufacturers' claims and many were keen to become better informed, often through school- or peer-based interventions. Other potential interventions included age restrictions, voluntary schemes involving retailers and improved labelling. CONCLUSIONS The lack of a single dominant factor in participants' consumption choices suggests that there is unlikely to be a 'silver bullet' in attempting to address this issue. However, the findings provide support for policy-level interventions that seek to change the behaviours of manufacturers and retailers as well as consumers, and actively involve children and young people where possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelina Visram
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen’s Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, United Kingdom
- Fuse (UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Crossley
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen’s Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, United Kingdom
| | - Mandy Cheetham
- Fuse (UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Lake
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen’s Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, United Kingdom
- Fuse (UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Barrett P, Imamura F, Brage S, Griffin SJ, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and behavioural factors associated with consumption of sweetened beverages among adults in Cambridgeshire, UK: the Fenland Study. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:2766-2777. [PMID: 28789721 PMCID: PMC6020996 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001700177x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify sociodemographic, lifestyle and behavioural determinants of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) among adults in Cambridgeshire, UK. DESIGN Cross-sectional data were obtained from a cohort of 9991 adults born between 1950 and 1975. An FFQ was used to assess consumption of beverages and other dietary factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine potential determinants of consuming SSB and ASB (≥1 serving/d). SETTING Recruitment from general practice surgeries to participate in the ongoing population-based Fenland Study. SUBJECTS Adults (n 9991) aged 30-64 years from three areas of Cambridgeshire, UK. RESULTS Prevalence estimates for daily SSB and ASB consumption were 20·4 % (n 2041) and 8·9 % (n 893), respectively. SSB consumption (OR; 95 % CI) was more common in men than women (1·33; CI 1·17, 1·50) and among those reporting lower income (£40 000/year; 1·31; 1·09, 1·58). In contrast, daily ASB consumption was more common among women than men (1·62; 1·34, 1·96), those on weight-loss diets than those who were not (2·58; 2·05, 3·24) and those reporting higher income than lower income (1·53; 1·16, 2·00). Factors associated with higher consumption of each of SSB and ASB included being a younger adult, being overweight/obese, having shorter education, eating meals or snack foods while watching television, and skipping breakfast (P<0·05 each). CONCLUSIONS Frequent consumers of SSB and ASB differ by several sociodemographic characteristics. However, increased BMI, younger age and unhealthy eating behaviours are common to both groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Barrett
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Specialty Registrar Training Programme in Public Health Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Simon J Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Perceived impact of smaller compared with larger-sized bottles of sugar-sweetened beverages on consumption: A qualitative analysis. Appetite 2017; 120:171-180. [PMID: 28864259 PMCID: PMC5689135 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption increases obesity risk and is linked to adverse health consequences. Large packages increase food consumption, but most evidence comes from studies comparing larger with standard packages, resulting in uncertainty regarding the impact of smaller packages. There is also little research on beverages. This qualitative study explores the experiences of consuming cola from smaller compared with larger bottles, to inform intervention strategies. Sixteen households in Cambridge, England, participating in a feasibility study assessing the impact of bottle size on in-home SSB consumption, received a set amount of cola each week for four weeks in one of four bottle sizes: 1500 ml, 1000 ml, 500 ml, or 250 ml, in random order. At the study end, household representatives were interviewed about their experiences of using each bottle, including perceptions of i) consumption level; ii) consumption-related behaviours; and iii) factors affecting consumption. Interviews were semi-structured and data analysed using the Framework approach. The present analysis focuses specifically on experiences relating to use of the smaller bottles. The smallest bottles were described as increasing drinking occasion frequency and encouraging consumption of numerous bottles in succession. Factors described as facilitating their consumption were: i) convenience and portability; ii) greater numbers of bottles available, which hindered consumption monitoring and control; iii) perceived insufficient quantity per bottle; and iv) positive attitudes. In a minority of cases the smallest bottles were perceived to have reduced consumption, but this was related to practical issues with the bottles that resulted in dislike. The perception of greater consumption and qualitative reports of drinking habits associated with the smallest bottles raise the possibility that the ‘portion size effect’ has a lower threshold, beyond which smaller portions and packages may increase consumption. This reinforces the need for empirical evidence to assess the in-home impact of smaller bottles on SSB consumption.
Collapse
|
49
|
Best M, Papies EK. Right Here, Right Now: Situated Interventions to Change Consumer Habits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1086/695443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
50
|
Suraphad P, Suklaew PO, Ngamukote S, Adisakwattana S, Mäkynen K. The Effect of Isomaltulose Together with Green Tea on Glycemic Response and Antioxidant Capacity: A Single-Blind, Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050464. [PMID: 28481230 PMCID: PMC5452194 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isomaltulose, a naturally-occurring isomer of sucrose, is commonly used as an alternative sweetener in foods and beverages. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of isomaltulose together with green tea on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentration, as well as antioxidant capacity in healthy subjects. In a randomized, single-blind, crossover study, 15 healthy subjects (eight women and seven men; ages 23.5 ± 0.7 years; with body mass index of 22.6 ± 0.4 kg/m²) consumed five beverages: (1) 50 g sucrose in 400 mL water; (2) 50 g isomaltulose in 400 mL of water; (3) 400 mL of green tea; (4) 50 g sucrose in 400 mL of green tea; and (5) 50 g isomaltulose in 400 mL of green tea. Incremental area under postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were determined during 120 min of administration. Following the consumption of isomaltulose, the incremental 2-h area under the curve (AUC0-2 h) indicated a higher reduction of postprandial glucose (43.4%) and insulin concentration (42.0%) than the consumption of sucrose. The addition of green tea to isomaltulose produced a greater suppression of postprandial plasma glucose (20.9%) and insulin concentration (37.7%). In accordance with antioxidant capacity, consumption of sucrose (40.0%) and isomaltulose (28.7%) caused the reduction of green tea-induced postprandial increases in FRAP. A reduction in postprandial MDA after drinking green tea was attenuated when consumed with sucrose (34.7%) and isomaltulose (17.2%). In conclusion, green tea could enhance the reduction of postprandial glucose and insulin concentration when consumed with isomaltulose. In comparison with sucrose, isomaltulose demonstrated less alteration of plasma antioxidant capacity after being consumed with green tea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Passakorn Suraphad
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Phim On Suklaew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Sathaporn Ngamukote
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kittana Mäkynen
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|