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Shinozaki N, Murakami K, Masayasu S, Sasaki S. Usual Nutrient Intake Distribution and Prevalence of Nutrient Intake Inadequacy among Japanese Children and Adults: A Nationwide Study Based on 8-Day Dietary Records. Nutrients 2023; 15:5113. [PMID: 38140372 PMCID: PMC10746136 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated nutrient intake adequacy in 4450 Japanese people aged 1-79 years. Dietary data was collected through non-consecutive 8-day weighed dietary records. Usual nutrient intakes from foods and beverages were estimated using the Multiple Source Method. Participant proportions with intakes below and above the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (2020) were calculated. Usual intakes of most nutrients were below the Estimated Average Requirement; calcium showed a high percentage of inadequacy across all sex and age groups (29-88%), and iron showed a high inadequacy among females aged 12-64 years (79-95%). The percentages of energy from protein and carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and potassium were typically below the lower limit of the Tentative Dietary Goal for Preventing Lifestyle-related Diseases (DG). Furthermore, over 20% of the participants exceeded the upper limit of the DG for the percentages of energy from total and saturated fats, and over 88% exceeded the upper limit of the DG for sodium. Japanese children and adults could improve their nutrient intake by increasing calcium, iron, dietary fibre, and potassium and reducing total and saturated fats and sodium. These findings can inform policies and interventions to improve nutrient intake in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Shinozaki
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Behavioural Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | | | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
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Bai A, Xu W, Liang Y, Jiang Y, Lin Z. Dietary patterns from mid-through later-life in relation to sarcopenia risk over 20 years among Chinese community-dwelling oldest old individuals. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2569-2577. [PMID: 37967504 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding how dietary patterns (DPs) from mid- (60 years old) to later-life (over 80 years old) affect sarcopenia risk in old age is scarce. METHODS We included 7267 participants aged ≥80 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2018. The Simplified Healthy Eating Index (SHE index) based on nine dietary variables was used to measured DPs and changes in DPs, with a higher score indicating better diet quality. The term "Mid-life" DPs denoted dietary habits at the age of 60 whereas "Later-life" DPs referred to dietary habits acquired over 80 years old. Sarcopenia risk was evaluated using the SARC-CalF questionnaire. We applied multivariable adjusted logistic regression models to investigate the cross-sectional association between DPs in a life course and sarcopenia risk in 2018 after adjusting for potential confounders including sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, and unfavorable health conditions. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the robustness of the results. RESULTS We found that healthier DPs during both mid- and later-life were associated with a decreased odds of sarcopenia risk, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 0.69 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.88) and 0.84 (95 % CI: 0.71-0.99), respectively. The odds of sarcopenia risk were also decreased among those with healthier DPs over a period of 20 years (OR = 0.80, 95 % CI: 0.69-0.93). For each nutrient consumption, participants who had high-quality fish consumption both in mid- and later-life had a 23 % decreased odds of sarcopenia risk (OR = 0.77, 95 % CI: 0.67-0.88) compared with those who had low-quality fish consumption all the time. The results were largely unchanged in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of maintaining healthy dietary habits throughout life to reduce the risk of sarcopenia in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anying Bai
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Weihao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
| | - Yuanfeng Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, PR China.
| | - Zhanyi Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
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Sugimoto M, Yuan X, Uechi K, Sasaki S. The nutritional profile of commercial complementary foods in Japan: comparison between low- and high-price products. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1595-1608. [PMID: 36912086 PMCID: PMC10564588 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing market share of commercial complementary foods, their nutritional characteristics and those associated with the price of products are still unknown in Japan. We compared the nutritional characteristics of commercially available complementary foods of different price levels in Japan. Data were obtained from the websites of Japanese brands of infant and young children's food. Nutrient profiles (unit/100 g), ingredients and food additives were compared between low- and high-priced products by product type. Sixty-three dry meals, 425 soft meals, 187 snacks and sweets, and 60 drinks were analysed. One-fifth of meals and snacks exceeded the CODEX-defined limit (200 mg Na/100 g). Most products lacked content information on nutrients non-mandated to be indicated. High-priced soft meals contained more protein (2·5 v. 1·9 g/100 g) and less Na (0·18 v. 0·46 g/100 g), less frequently used ≥ 1 added sugar (23 % v. 82 %), and less frequently used food additives than low-priced products; however, they had a lower variety of ingredients. The prevalence of products containing ≥ 1 added sugar was higher in low-priced snacks and sweets (91 % v. 77 %) but lower in drinks (48 % v. 84 %) than in their high-priced counterparts. High Na content is a concern among commercial complementary foods in Japan. Nonetheless, the relationship between the price and nutritional profile of these foods differs by product type. High-priced soft meals might be more favourable regarding nutrient content but not the variety of ingredients than low-priced counterparts. These findings elucidate the nutritional characteristics of commercial complementary foods in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Sugimoto
- Institute for Future Initiatives, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo143-8540, Japan
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo162-8636, Japan
| | - Ken Uechi
- Division of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Chiba274-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
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Hikita N, Batsaikhan E, Sasaki S, Haruna M, Yura A, Oidovsuren O. Evaluation of salt intake estimated from 24-h urinary sodium excretion in medical professionals in Darkhan-Uul Province, Mongolia: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10456. [PMID: 37380730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the daily salt intake of medical professionals working in public health facilities in Darkhan-Uul Province, Mongolia. We conducted a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with their consumption of salt exceeding the recommended daily salt intake (≥ 5 g/day). A self-administered questionnaire and 24-h urine samples were used to obtain data on the participants' salt intake. Of 338 participants, 159 completed the 24-h urine collection. The mean sodium excretion into urine was 122.3 mmol/day, which was equivalent to a mean salt intake of 7.7 g/day when the urinary excretion rate was considered as 93%. Body mass index was positively correlated with excess salt intake (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.46), while age was negatively correlated with excess salt intake (AOR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.91-1.00). Participants who consumed ≥ 2 cups of salted suutei tsai (Mongolian milk tea) daily had a higher risk of consuming ≥ 5 g/day of salt than those who consumed ≤ 1 cup/day. The average estimated salt intake of the participants was higher than the recommended value. Medical professionals should be aware of factors associated with excessive salt consumption and make appropriate adjustments to minimize it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hikita
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Enkhtungalag Batsaikhan
- Department of Nutrition Research of the National Center for Public Health, Peace Avenue -17, Ulaanbaatar, 210349, Mongolia
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Megumi Haruna
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ariunaa Yura
- Darkhan-Uul General Hospital, 13-Bag, Darkhan Soum, Darkhan-Uul, Mongolia
| | - Otgontogoo Oidovsuren
- Darkhan-Uul Medical School, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 903, Darkhan-Uul, Mongolia
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Oono F, Murakami K, Fujiwara A, Shinozaki N, Adachi R, Asakura K, Masayasu S, Sasaki S. Development of a Diet Quality Score for Japanese and Comparison With Existing Diet Quality Scores Regarding Inadequacy of Nutrient Intake. J Nutr 2023; 153:798-810. [PMID: 36931752 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored optimal diet quality scores in Japan. OBJECTIVES We developed a Diet Quality Score for Japanese (DQSJ) and examined the associations of DQSJ and existing diet quality scores with inadequacy of nutrient intake in Japanese adults. METHODS Candidate components of the DQSJ were extracted from well-established diet quality scores: Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), Alternate Mediterranean Diet score (AMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). From candidates, we selected the components of the DQSJ, considering potential health effects of the components (from the Global Burden of Disease Study) and dietary intake in Japan. The DQSJ included 10 components: fruits, vegetables, whole grain, dairy, nuts, legumes, fish, red and processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, and sodium. We calculated the DQSJ, HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, AMED, DASH, and Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top score (JFGST) based on 4-d dietary records of 392 Japanese aged 20-69 y. Inadequate intakes of 21 nutrients were assessed using the DRIs for Japanese. Logistic regression was used to examine the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake according to quartiles of the scores. RESULTS All examined scores except the JFGST were moderately to strongly correlated with each other (Spearman correlation coefficients: 0.52-0.84). They were inversely associated with the prevalence of inadequate intake of most nutrients (n = 16 for DQSJ and HEI-2015, n = 13 for AHEI-2010 and DASH, n = 17 for AMED, compared with n = 4 for JFGST). AMED was also positively associated with the prevalence of inadequate sodium intake, whereas no such associations were observed for the other scores. CONCLUSIONS Similar to HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and DASH, the DQSJ was generally associated with the low prevalence of inadequate intake of most nutrients in Japanese adults. Further evaluations against biomarkers and health outcomes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Oono
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Aya Fujiwara
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nana Shinozaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riho Adachi
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Frankenfeld CL. Population-Specific Diet Quality Scores in Nutritional Epidemiology. J Nutr 2023; 153:608-609. [PMID: 36931743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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Exploring culturally acceptable, nutritious, affordable and low climatic impact diet for Japanese diets: proof of concept of applying a new modelling approach using data envelopment analysis. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2438-2452. [PMID: 35022105 PMCID: PMC9723491 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A future sustainable dietary pattern for Japanese is yet undefined. This study aimed to explore more sustainable Japanese diets that are nutritious, affordable and with low greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and particular emphasis on cultural acceptability. A newly developed data envelopment analysis (DEA) diet model was applied to 4-d dietary record data among 184 healthy Japanese men and 185 women volunteers aged 21-69 years. Alternative diets were calculated as the linear combinations of observed diets. Firstly, for each individual, four modelled diets were calculated that maximised cultural acceptability (i.e. minimise dietary change from observed diet), maximised nutritional quality assessed by the Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRF), minimised monetary diet costs or minimised diet-related GHGE. The final modelled diet combined all four indicators. In the first four models, the largest improvement was obtained for each targeted indicator separately, while relatively small improvements or unwanted changes were observed for other indicator. When all indicators were aimed to optimise, the NRF score and diet-related GHGE were improved by 8-13 % with the lower monetary cost than observed diets, although the percentage improvement was a bit smaller than the separate models. The final modelled diets demanded increased intakes for whole grains, fruits, milk/cream/yogurt, legumes/nuts, and decreased intakes for red and processed meat, sugar/confectioneries, alcoholic and sweetened beverages, and seasonings in both sexes. In conclusion, more sustainable dietary patterns considering several indicators are possible for Japanese, while total improvement is moderate due to trade-offs between indicators and methodological limitation of DEA diet model.
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Meli AM, Zakaria NH, Yusof HM, Kamarudin KS, Ali A. Risk assessments of low cognitive performance among Fishermen's children in Malaysia. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Shobako N, Goto C, Nakagawa T, Yamato T, Kondo S, Nakamura F, Nakazeko T, Hirano Y, Honda K. Hypotensive and HbA1c reducing effect of novel dietary intervention program “COMB meal program”: Two randomized clinical trials. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Wu B, Yang H, Ren X, Qi Z, Tang S, Yin X, Huang L, Tian M, Wu Y, Feng X, Li Z. A Method for Estimating 24 h Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion by Spot Urine Specimen in Stroke Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194105. [PMID: 36235755 PMCID: PMC9573759 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Spot urine specimens have been used to estimate 24 h urinary sodium (Na) excretion (24UNaV) and potassium (K) excretion (24UKV). However, the validity is limited for 24UNaV and unknown for 24UKV in stroke patients, using the existing formulas. Herein, we developed and validated a new formula for 24UNaV and 24UKV by spot urine specimens in stroke patients. Spot and 24 h urine samples were collected from 970 stroke patients. The models of 24UNaV and 24UKV were developed using stepwise multivariate linear regression in 689 patients. The performance of different formulas was internally validated in 281 patients at the population and individual levels. The obtained new formulas were: (1) estimated 24UNaV (mmol/day): -0.191 × Age + 4.349 × BMI + 0.229 × SpotNa + 1.744 × SpotNa/Spot creatinine (Cr) + 41.492 (for male); -1.030 × Age + 2.011 × BMI + 0.143 × SpotNa + 1.035 × SpotNa/SpotCr + 147.159 (for female); and (2) estimated 24UKV (mmol/day): -0.052 × Age + 0.410 × BMI + 0.031 × SpotK + 33.280 × Ln (spotK/spot Cr) - 5.789 × Ln (spotNa/spot Cr) - 1.035 (for male); -0.235 × Age + 0.530 × BMI + 0.040 × SpotK + 30.990 × Ln (spot K/spot Cr) - 7.837 × Ln (spotNa/spotCr) + 4.318 (for female). The new formula obtained the lowest mean bias (5.17 mmol/day for 24UNaV and 0.85 mmol/day for 24UKV) and highest proportion at the cutoff under the ±30% level for the estimation of 24UNaV (59.43%) and 24UKV (70.11%). The new formula provides a meaningful exploration to estimate 24UNaV and 24UKV in stroke patients by using spot urine specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beike Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- School of Public Health, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Xinyu Ren
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zijing Qi
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xuejun Yin
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Liping Huang
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Maoyi Tian
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yangfeng Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xiangxian Feng
- School of Public Health, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- School of Public Health, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18636517556
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Sari DW, Noguchi-Watanabe M, Sasaki S, Yamamoto-Mitani N. Dietary Patterns of 479 Indonesian Adults and Their Associations with Sodium and Potassium Intakes Estimated by Two 24-h Urine Collections. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142905. [PMID: 35889861 PMCID: PMC9318011 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The excess sodium (Na) intake and insufficient potassium (K) intake are frequently observed all over the world, including Indonesia. This study explored the dietary patterns of Indonesian people and evaluated their associations with Na and K intakes. Na and K intakes were assessed by repeated 24-h urine collection. The dietary patterns of the previous month were extracted by factor analysis using the Indonesian Food Frequency Questionnaire. The participants were community-dwelling Indonesian men and women (n = 479) aged 20 years and over. We identified four dietary patterns in each sex. After controlling for confounding factors, the high quantile of ‘Noodle, oil, and salty sea products’ pattern was associated with the high Na intake in both men and women (p = 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). The ‘Meat, vegetable, oil, and fruit’ pattern statistically significantly contributed to the high K intake in men (p = 0.04), but not in women (p = 0.26). The ‘Vegetable, non-oil, and milk’ pattern in men and ‘Meat, vegetable, and fruit’ pattern in women were associated with low Na:K ratios (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). Neither ‘bread’ nor ‘fish’ appeared as a major determinant of any dietary patterns in this population. The ‘Noodle, oil, and salty sea products’ pattern should be avoided to reduce sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianis Wulan Sari
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-term Care Nursing, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Jln. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: or (D.W.S.); (N.Y.-M.); Tel.: +62-31-5913754 (D.W.S.); +81-3-5841-3508 (N.Y.-M.); Fax: +62-31-5913752 (D.W.S.); +81-3-5841-3502 (N.Y.-M.)
| | - Maiko Noguchi-Watanabe
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-term Care Nursing, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Department of Home Care Nursing Science, School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Noriko Yamamoto-Mitani
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-term Care Nursing, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Correspondence: or (D.W.S.); (N.Y.-M.); Tel.: +62-31-5913754 (D.W.S.); +81-3-5841-3508 (N.Y.-M.); Fax: +62-31-5913752 (D.W.S.); +81-3-5841-3502 (N.Y.-M.)
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Characterisation of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks in the Japanese context: an exploratory cross-sectional analysis. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:689-701. [PMID: 33168120 PMCID: PMC9991704 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise different meal types by examining the contribution of specific meals to the total intakes and the nutritional quality of each meal. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis was conducted based on dietary data collected using 4-d dietary record. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3. SETTING Japan. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 20-81 years (n 639). RESULTS Diet quality was, on average, highest for dinner, followed, in order, by lunch, breakfast and snacks. Breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, on average, accounted for 21 %, 32 %, 40 % and 11 % of total energy intake, respectively. For many nutrients, the percentage contribution to total intake did not vary within each meal, broadly in line with that for energy: 18-24 % for breakfast, 26-35 % for lunch, 35-49 % for dinner and 4-15 % for snacks. However, intakes of many foods largely depended on one meal type. The foods mainly eaten at dinner were potatoes, pulses, total vegetables, fish, meat and alcoholic beverages (52-70 %), in contrast to noodles (58 %) at lunch and bread (71 %) and dairy products (50 %) at breakfast. The foods mainly eaten at snacks were confectioneries (79 %) and sugar-sweetened beverages (52 %). Conversely, rice and eggs were more evenly distributed across three main meals (19-41 % and 30-38 %, respectively), while fruit and non-energetic beverages were more evenly distributed across all meal types (17-30 % and 19-35 %, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the background information on each meal type in Japanese and may help inform the development of meal-based guidelines and public health messages.
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Hou T, Zhao J, Lei Z, Shimizu K, Zhang Z. Supplementation of KOH to improve salt tolerance of methanogenesis in the two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste using pre-acclimated anaerobically digested sludge by air-nanobubble water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126360. [PMID: 34801723 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Air-nanobubble water (NBW) was applied to pre-acclimate anaerobically digested sludge that was then used as the inoculum in the two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) of high saline (20 g NaCl/L) food waste (FW) to optimize NBW application in the AD of high saline FW. K+ was simultaneously supplemented during the methanogenic stage to resist the inhibition of salt on methanogens. Results showed that after the second pre-acclimation cycle, the inoculum activity was increased 27% in the Air-NBW supplemented reactor in comparison to the deionized water (DW) supplemented one. In the first-stage AD, H2 yield was enhanced by 46% in the Air-NBW pre-acclimated sludge reactor compared with the DW pre-acclimated sludge reactor. Besides, supplementation of KOH in the methanogenic stage could enhance methane production by 17-25% in the DW reactors at initial pH 7.5, 8.0, and 9.0 when compared to the control reactor (using NaOH adjusted initial pH to 7.5), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hou
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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Vellinga RE, Sam M, Verhagen H, Jakobsen LS, Ravn-Haren G, Sugimoto M, Torres D, Katagiri R, Thu BJ, Granby K, Hoekstra J, Temme EHM. Increasing Seaweed Consumption in the Netherlands and Portugal and the Consequences for the Intake of Iodine, Sodium, and Exposure to Chemical Contaminants: A Risk-Benefit Study. Front Nutr 2022; 8:792923. [PMID: 35071298 PMCID: PMC8770327 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.792923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Seaweed has a high potential for nourishing the future planet. However, besides being beneficial, it also contains adverse components; this poses the question whether consumption of seaweed foods overall contributes beneficially or detrimentally to human health, and hence if their consumption should be promoted or restricted. Methods: This study evaluated the impact of substituting regular foods with seaweed foods in the diet, both in terms of nutritional quality (via iodine and sodium) and food safety (via arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury). Food consumption data from the Netherlands and Portugal (adults aged >18 years) were used, in which 10% of the amounts of pasta, bacon, and lettuce consumed were replaced by seaweed-derived products made from kelp (Saccharina latissima). Using Monte Carlo Risk Assessment software (MCRA), long-term nutrient intake and exposure to contaminants were assessed. The results obtained for the Netherlands and Portugal were compared with data from Japan, a country that has a high natural consumption of seaweed. Results: This low-tier risk-benefit study reveals that an increased seaweed consumption (as assessed by the 10% replacement with seaweed products) has no consequences in terms of intake of sodium and exposure to cadmium, lead, and mercury, and the associated (absence of) adverse health aspects. The alternative scenario almost doubled the mean iodine intake in the Netherlands (to 300 μg/day) and Portugal (to 208 μg/day) and increased the average exposure to arsenic levels in the Netherlands (to 1.02 μg/kg bw/day) and Portugal (to 1.67 μg/kg bw/day). Conclusion: The intake of iodine and exposure to arsenic in the Netherland and Portugal were certainly higher due to the modeled increase of seaweed foods. If seaweed consumption increases close to the 10% substitution, the public health consequences thereof may trigger further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Elisabeth Vellinga
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Sam
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Hans Verhagen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Gitte Ravn-Haren
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Minami Sugimoto
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Duarte Torres
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ryoko Katagiri
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kit Granby
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeljer Hoekstra
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Helena Maria Temme
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Estimation of sodium and potassium intakes assessed by two 24-hour urine collections in a city of Indonesia. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1537-1548. [PMID: 33494843 PMCID: PMC8524422 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intakes of excess Na and insufficient K are two major contributors of heart diseases and stroke development. However, no precise study has previously been carried out on Na and K intakes among Indonesian adults. The present study aimed to estimate the Na and K intakes using two consecutive 24-h urine collections. Participants were community-dwelling adults aged between 20 and 96 years, randomly selected from a pool of resident registration numbers. Of the 506 participants, 479 (240 men and 239 women) completed urine collections. The mean Na excretion was 102·8 and 100·6 mmol/d, while the mean K excretion was 25·0 and 23·4 mmol/d for men and women, respectively. Na and K excretions were higher in participants with a higher BMI. A higher K excretion was associated only with younger age. More than 80 % of the participants consumed more than 5 g/d of salt (the upper limit recommended by the Indonesian government), whereas none of them consumed more than 3510 mg/d of K (the lower limit). The high Na and low K intakes, especially high Na among participants with high BMI, should be considered when future intervention programmes are planned in this country.
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Assessing the Impact of Salt Reduction Initiatives on the Chronic Disease Burden of Singapore. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041171. [PMID: 33916184 PMCID: PMC8065991 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, many countries are facing an increasing burden of chronic disease due to ageing populations, of which cardiovascular disease forms a large proportion. Excess dietary sodium contributes to cardiovascular disease risk and requires intervention at a population level. This study aimed to quantify the impact of several salt reduction initiatives on population health over a 30-year horizon using GeoDEMOS, a population model from Singapore. Four interventions were modelled in four demographic groups in 2020 for a total of 16 intervention scenarios. The effect of 0.5, 2.0, and 4.0 g/day reductions in daily salt consumption, along with adherence to the World Health Organization guidelines of a maximum of 5.0 g of salt each day, was modelled in the entire population, including the overweight and obese, the elderly, and diabetics. In each scenario, the number of averted incident cases of acute myocardial infarction and stroke, along with the disability-adjusted life years up to 2050, was monitored. We found 4.0 g/day reductions in salt consumption were the most effective when implemented across the entire population, resulting in 24,000 averted incident cases of cardiovascular disease and 215,000 disability-adjusted life years over 30 years. This is a large figure when compared with the 29,200 projected annual incident cases of cardiovascular disease in 2050. When targeted at specific high-risk demographic groups, the largest effects were observed in the overweight and obese, with the same intervention yielding 10,500 averted incident cases of cardiovascular disease and 91,500 disability-adjusted life years. Quantifying the benefits of salt reduction initiatives revealed a significant impact when administered across the entire population or the overweight and obese. Health promotion efforts directed toward sustainably reducing salt consumption will help to lower the chronic disease burden on the healthcare system in years to come.
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Sugimoto M, Murakami K, Asakura K, Masayasu S, Sasaki S. Diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and major food contributors among Japanese adults: comparison of different calculation methods. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:973-983. [PMID: 32389142 PMCID: PMC8025089 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) database for Japanese foods using three different approaches, compare the results of estimated diet-related GHGE and determine major food contributors among Japanese adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional. Three GHGE databases were developed: (1) a literature-based method including a literature review of life cycle assessment studies of Japanese foods and (2) production- and (3) consumption-based input-output tables (IOT)-applied methods using the Japanese IOT. All databases were linked to the Japanese food composition table and food consumption data. Diet-related GHGE was estimated based on each database and the 4-d dietary record data. Diet-related GHGE were compared in both total and food group level between the databases. SETTING Japan. PARTICIPANTS 392 healthy adults aged 20-69 years. RESULTS The mean diet-related GHGE significantly differed according to the calculation methods: 4145 g CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq)/d by the literature-based method, 4031 g CO2-eq/d by the production-based method and 7392 g CO2-eq/d by the consumption-based IOT-applied methods. It significantly differed in food group level as well. Spearman's correlation coefficients between three methods ranged from 0·82 to 0·86. Irrespective of the methods, the top contributor to GHGE was meat (19·7-28·8 %) followed by fish and seafood (13·8-18·3 %). CONCLUSIONS Although the identified major food contributors to GHGE were comparable between the three methods, the estimated GHGE values significantly differed by calculation methods. This finding suggested that caution must be taken when interpreting the estimated diet-related GHGE values obtained using the different calculation methods of GHGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Sugimoto
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo143-8540, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
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18
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Donfrancesco C, Lo Noce C, Russo O, Buttari B, Profumo E, Minutoli D, Di Lonardo A, Iacone R, Vespasiano F, Vannucchi S, Onder G, Galletti F, Galeone D, Bellisario P, Di Lenarda A, Giampaoli S, Palmieri L, Strazzullo P. Trend in potassium intake and Na/K ratio in the Italian adult population between the 2008 and 2018 CUORE project surveys. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:814-826. [PMID: 33546944 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low potassium intake, in addition to high sodium, has been associated with higher risk of hypertension and CVD. The Study assessed habitual potassium intake and sodium/potassium ratio of the Italian adult population from 2008 to 2012 to 2018-2019 based on 24-h urine collection, in the framework of the CUORE Project/MINISAL-GIRCSI/MENO SALE PIU' SALUTE national surveys. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were from cross-sectional surveys of randomly selected age-and-sex stratified samples of resident persons aged 35-74 years in 10 (out of 20) Italian regions. Urinary electrolyte and creatinine measurements were performed in a central laboratory. Analyses considered 942 men and 916 women, examined in 2008-2012, and 967 men and 1010 women, examined in 2018-2019. In 2008-2012, the age-standardized mean of potassium intake (urinary potassium accounts for 70% of potassium intake) was 3147 mg (95% CI 3086-3208) in men and 2784 mg (2727-2841) in women, whereas in 2018-2019, it was 3043 mg (2968-3118) and 2561 mg (2508-2614) respectively. In 2008-2012, age-adjusted prevalence of persons with an adequate potassium intake (i.e. ≥ 3510 mg/day) was 31% (95% CI 28-34%) for men and 18% (16-21%) for women; in 2018-2019, it was 26% (23-29%) and 12% (10-14%) respectively. The sodium/potassium ratio significantly decreased both in men and women. CONCLUSIONS The average daily potassium intake of the Italian general adult population remains lower than the WHO and EFSA recommended level. These results suggest the need of a revision to strengthen initiatives for the promotion of an adequate potassium intake at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ornella Russo
- Federico II University of Naples Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Iacone
- Federico II University of Naples Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Di Lenarda
- University Hospital and Health Services of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; National Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO), Florence, Italy
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Shinozaki N, Murakami K, Asakura K, Masayasu S, Sasaki S. Identification of Dish-Based Dietary Patterns for Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner and Their Diet Quality in Japanese Adults. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010067. [PMID: 33379273 PMCID: PMC7824520 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified dish-based dietary patterns for breakfast, lunch, and dinner and assessed the diet quality of each pattern. Dietary data were obtained from 392 Japanese adults aged 20–69 years in 2013, using a 4 d dietary record. K-means cluster analysis was conducted based on the amount of each dish group, separately for breakfasts (n = 1462), lunches (n = 1504), and dinners (n = 1500). The diet quality of each dietary pattern was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3). The extracted dietary patterns were as follows: ‘bread-based’ and ‘rice-based’ for breakfast; ‘bread’, ‘rice-based’, ‘ramen’, ‘udon/soba’, and ‘sushi/rice bowl dishes’ for lunch; and ‘miscellaneous’, ‘meat dish and beer’, and ‘hot pot dishes’ for dinner. For breakfast, the HEI-2015 and NRF9.3 total scores were higher in the ‘rice-based’ pattern than the ‘bread-based’ pattern. For lunch, the HEI-2015 and NRF9.3 total scores were relatively high in the ‘rice-based’ pattern and low in the ‘ramen’ pattern. For dinner, the HEI-2015 total score was the highest in the ‘meat dish and beer’ pattern, and the NRF9.3 total score was higher in the ‘hot pot dishes’ than the ‘miscellaneous’ pattern. These results suggested that breakfast, lunch, and dinner have distinctive dietary patterns with different diet qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Shinozaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (N.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (N.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-7872
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan;
| | | | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (N.S.); (S.S.)
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High Salt Diet Impacts the Risk of Sarcopenia Associated with Reduction of Skeletal Muscle Performance in the Japanese Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113474. [PMID: 33198295 PMCID: PMC7696631 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has recommended 5 g/day as dietary reference intakes for salt. In Japan, the averages for men and women were 11.0 g/day and 9.3 g/day, respectively. Recently, it was reported that amounts of sodium accumulation in skeletal muscles of older people were significantly higher than those in younger people. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the risk of sarcopenia with decreased muscle mass and strength was related to the amount of salt intake. In addition, we investigated its involvement with renalase. Four groups based on age and salt intake ("younger low-salt," "younger high-salt," "older low-salt," and "older high-salt") were compared. Stratifying by age category, body fat percentage significantly increased in high-salt groups in both younger and older people. Handgrip strength/body weight and chair rise tests of the older high-salt group showed significant reduction compared to the older low-salt group. However, there was no significant difference in renalase concentrations in plasma. The results suggest that high-salt intake may lead to fat accumulation and muscle weakness associated with sarcopenia. Therefore, efforts to reduce salt intake may prevent sarcopenia.
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Evaluation of the Ability of Diet-Tracking Mobile Applications to Estimate Energy and Nutrient Intake in Japan. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113327. [PMID: 33138088 PMCID: PMC7694045 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the energy and nutrient intake estimates of popular Japanese diet-tracking mobile applications (apps). We identified five diet-tracking apps in the iTunes store during August 2020. A researcher entered the dietary data from a one-day paper-based dietary record (DR) previously obtained from apparently healthy free-living adults (15 males and 15 females; 22-65 years) into each app. The energy and nutrient intakes estimated by the apps were compared with those calculated using the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan based on the paper-based DR (reference method). The number of dietary variables available ranged from one (energy in Mogutan) to 17 (FiNC). Compared to the DR-based estimates, the median energy intake was significantly overestimated by MyFitnessPal, Asken, Calomiru, and Mogutan. Moreover, the intakes of many nutrients were overestimated by Asken and Calomiru and underestimated by MyFitnessPal. For energy intake, the Spearman correlation coefficient between the DR and the apps was lowest for Mogutan (0.76) and highest for FiNC (0.96). The median correlation coefficient for nutrient intakes was lower in MyFitnessPal (0.50) than in the other three apps (0.80 in Asken, 0.87 in FiNC, and 0.88 in Calomiru). These results suggest that intake calculations differ among apps. Further evaluation is needed in free-living settings, where users input their own food intake.
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Dietary sodium and potassium intake: knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards dietary salt intake among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:3451-3459. [PMID: 33106202 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020003663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to estimate the consumption of Na and K and to assess salt-related knowledge, attitude and behaviour among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. DESIGN A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Estimates of Na and K intake were made using repeated multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall as well as using random urine. The usual intake of Na and K from the 24-h dietary recall was determined using the National Cancer Institute methodology. Estimated 24-h Na and K excretion was calculated using International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure and Tanaka formula. SETTINGS Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 20 years and above residing in the city. RESULT The mean Na and K intake estimated using the diet recall data was 3·0 (0·9) g/d and 1·9 (0·6) g/d, respectively. Based on the urine analysis, the estimated mean Na and K intakes were 3·3 (0·7) g/d and 1·9 (0·4) g/d, respectively. Moreover, the analysis showed that the mean Na:K ratio was 2·5 (1·4). The daily intake of K was below the recommended amount for all study participants. More than 98 % and 90 % of participants had an excess intake of Na and Na:K ratio, respectively. CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of inadequate K intake as well as excess intake of Na resulting in an increased prevalence of excess Na:K ratio. Thus, interventions targeting to decrease Na intake and to increase K intake are needed.
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Li J, Ma H, Lei Y, Wan Q. Diagnostic value of parameters from a spot urine sample for renal potassium loss in hypokalemia. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 511:221-226. [PMID: 33096028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the value of 1) a spot urine test for diagnosing hypokalemia caused by renal potassium loss, and 2) actual 24-hour urine potassium excretion (24 hUK-actual) for diagnosing hypokalemia caused by renal potassium loss in patients treated with potassium supplementation. The study population was from Southwest China. METHODS Patients with hypokalemia were divided into 2 groups: hypokalemia caused by renal potassium loss (n = 67) and hypokalemia caused by extrarenal potassium loss (n = 63). Urine potassium concentration (UK), urine creatinine concentration (UCr), urine potassium-creatinine ratio (UK/UCr), fractional excretion of potassium (FEK), transtubular potassium concentration gradient (TTKG), and 24-h urine potassium excretion (24 hUK-calculated) were derived from spot urine samples collected on admission, before initiation of therapy. Patients received intravenous potassium chloride 0.4 or 0.6 g/h. 24 hUK-actual was detected in patients whose serum potassium did not return to normal after 24 h of therapy. RESULTS Patients with hypokalemia caused by renal potassium loss had significantly higher UK, UK/UCr, FEK, TTKG and 24 hUK-calculated compared to patients with hypokalemia caused by extrarenal potassium loss (P < 0.05). FEK predicted renal potassium loss in hypokalemia with high accuracy at a cut-off of 9.29% (sensitivity, 80.6%; specificity, 85.7%). The area under the curve for 24 hUK-actual in predicting renal potassium loss in patients with hypokalemia treated with low or high-dose potassium chloride infusion were 0.939 or 0.956, respectively. On the spot urine test, FEK showed the highest correlation with 24 hUK-actual during low or high dose potassium chloride infusion (r = 0.831, p < 0.001 or r = 0.764, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS FEK from a spot urine sample represents a convenient and reliable parameter to predict renal potassium loss in patients with hypokalemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Endocriology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongyan Ma
- Department of Endocriology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Endocriology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocriology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
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Sugimoto M, Murakami K, Fujiwara A, Asakura K, Masayasu S, Sasaki S. Association between diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient intake adequacy among Japanese adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240803. [PMID: 33095787 PMCID: PMC7584234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A growing number of Western studies have been exploring sustainable and healthy dietary patterns that target to reduce diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and to achieve nutritional needs. However, research is limited among Asian populations, where food sources for diet-related GHGE differ from those in Western populations. This study aimed to investigate associations between diet-related GHGE and the prevalence of inadequate nutritional intake. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out among 392 healthy Japanese volunteers aged 20-69 years. Dietary intake was assessed by four-non-consecutive day diet record. Diet-related GHGE was estimated using the Global Link Input-Output model and adjusted for energy intake by residual method. Prevalence of inadequacy was defined as a percentage of participants with nutrient intake outside the Tentative Dietary Goal for Preventing Lifestyle-Related Disease or below the Estimated Average Requirement defined by the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Japanese. The association between diet-related GHGE and the prevalence of inadequacy of the usual intake of each nutrient was examined using logistic regression models. RESULTS Participants with higher diet-related GHGE had overall better adherence to the DRIs. Intakes of all selected nutrients were positively associated with diet-related GHGE, except for carbohydrate, total fat, and saturated fat. With increasing quartile of diet-related GHGE, the prevalence of inadequacy decreased for protein, dietary fiber, potassium, vitamins A, B-6, and C, thiamin, riboflavin, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc, while that for sodium increased. CONCLUSIONS Diets with lower diet-related GHGE did not have better adherence to the DRIs compared to diets with higher diet-related GHGE among Japanese adults. Drastic dietary change or other strategies such as improving the food system would be needed to achieve a sustainable and healthy diet among Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Sugimoto
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Fujiwara
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: ,
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Meal and snack frequency in relation to diet quality in Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study using different definitions of meals and snacks. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1219-1228. [PMID: 32594916 PMCID: PMC7653514 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence on the association between eating frequency and overall diet quality does not represent a consistent picture. This cross-sectional study examined the associations of meal frequency and snack frequency with diet quality, using different definitions of meals and snacks. Based on 4-d weighed dietary record data obtained from 639 Japanese adults aged 20-81 years, all eating occasions were divided into meals or snacks based on either the participant-identified or time-of-day definitions. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3). One additional meal per d increased the HEI-2015 total score by 3·6 and 1·3 points based on the participant-identified and time-of-day definitions, respectively. A higher meal frequency was also associated with higher values of some of the HEI-2015 component scores (total vegetables, greens and beans, and total protein foods), irrespective of how meals were defined. Additionally, one additional participant-identified snack per d increased the HEI-2015 total score by 0·7 points. The frequency of participant-identified snacks also showed positive associations with some of the HEI-2015 component scores (total fruits, whole fruits, total vegetables, greens and beans, dairy products, and Na). However, the frequency of time-of-day defined snacks was not associated with the total scores of HEI-2015, although there were some associations for its components. Similar findings were obtained when the NRF9.3 was used. In conclusion, higher meal frequency was consistently associated with higher diet quality, while associations between snack frequency and diet quality varied depending on the definition of snacks.
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Yasutake K, Imai K, Abe S, Iwamoto M, Kawate H, Moriguchi R, Ono M, Ueno H, Miya M, Tsuda H, Nakano S. Food intake and dietary patterns that affect urinary sodium excretion in young women. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:1090-1097. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsumi Imai
- Health Promotion Center Nakamura Gakuen University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shimako Abe
- Health Promotion Center Nakamura Gakuen University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Masako Iwamoto
- Health Promotion Center Nakamura Gakuen University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hisaya Kawate
- Health Promotion Center Nakamura Gakuen University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ririko Moriguchi
- Health Promotion Center Nakamura Gakuen University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Misaki Ono
- Health Promotion Center Nakamura Gakuen University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hiromi Ueno
- Health Promotion Center Nakamura Gakuen University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Mana Miya
- Health Promotion Center Nakamura Gakuen University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsuda
- Health Promotion Center Nakamura Gakuen University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shuji Nakano
- Health Promotion Center Nakamura Gakuen University Fukuoka Japan
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ITO S, ASAKURA K, SUGIYAMA K, TAKAKURA M, TODORIKI H. Salt and potassium intake estimated from spot urine in elementary school children and their mothers in Okinawa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3861/kenko.86.2_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanae ITO
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus
| | | | | | | | - Hidemi TODORIKI
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus
- Okinawa Study Center, the Open University of Japan
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Morrissey E, Giltinan M, Kehoe L, Nugent AP, McNulty BA, Flynn A, Walton J. Sodium and Potassium Intakes and Their Ratio in Adults (18-90 y): Findings from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2020; 12:E938. [PMID: 32231006 PMCID: PMC7231049 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An individual's sodium to potassium intake ratio (Na:K) has been shown to be an important predictor of hypertension. The aim of this study was to estimate the mean 24 h urinary Na, K and Na:K of Irish adults and to identify the foods that determine Na:K in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults. This study was based on data from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (2008-2010) (NANS), which collected spot urine samples and dietary data in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults aged 18+ years. The mean urinary molar Na:K of Irish men and women was 1.90 and 2.15, respectively, which exceed target molar ratios of ≤1.0 and ≤2.0. The mean estimated 24-h urinary excretion of Na was 4631 mg for men and 3525 mg for women, which exceed target maximum population intakes for all gender and age groups. The mean estimated 24-h urinary excretion of K was 3894 mg for men and 2686 mg for women, with intakes in women of all ages and older men (65+ years) below current recommendations. The key foods positively associated with a lower Na:K were fruits, vegetables, potatoes, breakfast cereals, milk, yogurt and fresh meat, while the foods negatively associated with a lower Na:K were breads, cured and processed meats and butters and fat spreads. Strategies to reduce sodium and increase potassium intakes are necessary to lower population Na:K, which may help to reduce the burden of hypertension-related diseases in the Irish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Morrissey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Miriam Giltinan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Laura Kehoe
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne P. Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Breige A. McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12928 Cork, Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
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Validity of a dish composition database for estimating protein, sodium and potassium intakes against 24 h urinary excretion: comparison with a standard food composition database. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:1297-1306. [PMID: 31896376 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019003550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the validity of a recently developed dish composition database (DCD) against urinary biomarkers compared with a standard food composition database (FCD). DESIGN Intakes of protein, Na and K were estimated by 2 × 24 h urine collections and by 4 d dietary record data based on the DCD (including 128 dishes) or FCD (including 1878 foods). SETTING Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 161 men and 163 women aged 20-69 years. RESULTS Compared with the 24 h urine-based estimates, the median intakes estimated using the DCD and FCD differed significantly for protein and Na in men and for Na and K in women. Deattenuated Spearman correlation coefficients using 24 h urine-based estimates for the intakes of protein, Na and K were lower in the DCD (respectively: 0·26, 0·15 and 0·44 in men; 0·22, 0·27 and 0·22 in women) than those in the FCD (respectively: 0·43, 0·40 and 0·59 in men; 0·33, 0·45 and 0·42 in women). When data on dish portion size reported by participants were used for estimation instead of standard portion-size data based on the DCD, the accuracy of the estimated median intakes did not change notably, whereas the deattenuated correlation coefficients improved (for protein, Na and K respectively: 0·32, 0·31 and 0·56 in men; 0·31, 0·41 and 0·39 in women). CONCLUSIONS The DCD supported by individual-level information on dish portion size showed fair to moderate validity in ranking individuals according to their intakes of protein, Na and K, similar to the FCD.
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Seko C, Odani K, Wada S, Yoshii K, Segawa H, Kitaoka K, Masumoto T, Higashi A. Characteristic dietary habits associated with high values of estimated 24-hours urinary sodium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio assessed by age group among the residents of a rural town in Japan. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:449-459. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1693587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Seko
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Odani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayori Wada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Yoshii
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics in Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Segawa
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Taeko Masumoto
- Faculty of Nursing, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akane Higashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
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Li T, Hashimoto H. Household dietary salt consumption and mortality from cardiovascular diseases: an ecological panel analysis in Japan. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:826-832. [PMID: 30897197 PMCID: PMC6761837 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological evidence has shown that lower salt intake reduces hypertension-related disease mortality. Japan has experienced a drastic decrease in cardiovascular mortality, although this varies across regions. This regional variation does not necessarily match the local patterns of reported average salt intake. In this study, we examined population-level risk factors for hypertension-related disease mortality, focussing on the average household dietary consumption of salt intake sources. Methods We prepared an ecological panel dataset, with prefecture as the unit of analysis, by referring to public statistics and market research data from 2012 to 2015. We collected prefectural averages of household dietary consumption related to salt intake and other nutrients that may affect hypertension control. We used demographic characteristics, medical care availability and local economy indices as covariates. Panel data analysis with fixed-effects modelling was performed, regressing prefectural-level mortality from ischaemic heart diseases, subarachnoid and intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral infarction on dietary consumption and the selected covariates. Results We confirmed the average household consumption of salt equivalents of discretional salt intake sources to be positively but only weakly associated with mortality from ischaemic heart diseases and cerebral infarction. Household expenditure on processed foods was positively associated with ischaemic heart disease mortality. Conclusions These findings may suggest that the reduction of salt in processed foods, in addition to individual behavioural change, could be useful for decreasing mortality from ischaemic heart diseases in the Japanese population. Ecological factors related to decreasing cerebrovascular disease mortality in the context of the ageing Japanese population require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Department of Health and Social Behaviour, The University of Tokyo School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Health and Social Behaviour, The University of Tokyo School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
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Itoi K, Yamada K, Morioka I. [Factors Related to Salt-Reduction Cognizance and Salt Intake in Women Aged 40-59 Years: Characteristics of Guardians of Medical University Students]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2019; 74. [PMID: 31341118 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.18036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In our previous study in which we aimed to clarify the factors related to salt intake in women aged 40-59 years, salt intake was found to be not related to salt-reduction cognizance. The aim of this research was to clarify factors related to salt intake in those who were cognizant of the importance of reducing their salt intake. METHODS Two hundred and forty-seven female guardians (effective rate, 32.2%) in a medical university, aged 40-59 years old, participated in this study. The participants were divided into three groups according to their salt-reduction cognizance. RESULTS There was no significant difference in salt intake between the three groups who were salt-reduction cognizant. Intakes of potassium (mg/1,000 kcal), vegetables, and fruits were higher in those who were cognizant of the importance of reducing their salt intake. The frequencies of consuming stewed foods, miso soup, and vinegared and marinated dishes were also higher. Those who were salt-reduction cognizant were knowledgeable about salt consumption, had experienced making low-salt dishes, used low-sodium seasoning, and made light-tasting dishes by regulating ingredients when cooking. However, when it came to eating, there was no difference in the percentage of those who left most of the broth when eating noodle soups and the frequency with which they added seasoning in terms of salt-reduction cognizance. CONCLUSION Salt-reduction cognizant women aged 40-59 years made conscious efforts to use less salt at the time of cooking, but made no efforts when eating, even though they were cognizant of the importance of reducing their salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Itoi
- Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Kazuko Yamada
- Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Ikuharu Morioka
- Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University
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Development and simulated validation of a dish composition database for estimating food group and nutrient intakes in Japan. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2367-2380. [PMID: 31092299 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a dish composition database (DCD) and assess its ability to estimate dietary intake. DESIGN The DCD was developed based on 16 d dietary records (DR). We aggregated all reported dishes into 128 dish codes and calculated mean food group and nutrient contents for each code. These data were used to calculate dietary intake in a different population that completed a 4 d DR. The estimated values were compared with those estimated using the standard food composition database (FCD) of Japan. SETTING Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total 252 adults aged 31-81 years for the 16 d DR (3941 d in total) and 392 adults aged 20-69 years for the 4 d DR (1568 d in total) participated. RESULTS There were significant differences in median intakes between the DCD and the FCD for eighteen and twenty (of twenty-six) food groups and for twenty-nine and twenty-two (of forty-three) nutrients (including energy) in men and women, respectively. For food group intakes, Spearman correlation coefficients between the DCD and FCD ranged from 0·19 (animal fats) to 0·90 (fruits and alcoholic beverages) in men (median: 0·61) and from 0·25 (oils) to 0·89 (noodles) in women (median: 0·58). For nutrient intakes, the corresponding values ranged from 0·25 (retinol) to 0·90 (alcohol) in men (median: 0·60) and from 0·15 (retinol) to 0·74 (alcohol) in women (median: 0·53). CONCLUSIONS Whereas it is difficult to accurately estimate absolute dietary intake values using the present DCD, it has acceptable ability to rank the intakes of many food groups and nutrients.
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Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade suppresses dietary salt-induced ACEI/ARB-resistant albuminuria in non-diabetic hypertension: a sub-analysis of evaluate study. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:514-521. [PMID: 30631161 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Excessive dietary salt intake can counteract the renoprotective effects of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In rodents, salt loading induces hypertension and renal damage by activating the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) independently of plasma aldosterone levels. Thus, high salt-induced resistance to RAS blockade may be mediated by MR activation. To test this, a post hoc analysis of the Eplerenone Combination Versus Conventional Agents to Lower Blood Pressure on Urinary Antialbuminuric Treatment Effect (EVALUATE) trial was conducted. Thus, 304 non-diabetic hypertensive patients on RAS-blocking therapy were divided into tertiles according to salt intake (estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretion at baseline) and compared in terms of percent reduction in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) at 52 weeks relative to baseline. The eplerenone-treated patients in the highest sodium excretion tertile exhibited significantly greater reduction in UACR than the placebo subjects in the same tertile (-22.5% vs. +21.8%, p = 0.02). This disparity was not observed in the lowest (-10.2% vs. -0.84%, p = 0.65) or middle (-19.5% vs. +9.5%, p = 0.22) tertiles. Similar systolic blood pressure changes were observed. In the whole cohort, reduction in UACR correlated positively with reduction in systolic blood pressure (r2 = 0.04, p = 0.02). These results support the hypothesis that excessive salt intake can enhance resistance to RAS blockade by activating MR. They also suggest that eplerenone plus RAS blockade may be effective for CKD in hypertensive patients, especially those with excessive salt intake.
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Fujiwara A, Murakami K, Asakura K, Uechi K, Sugimoto M, Wang HC, Masayasu S, Sasaki S. Estimation of Starch and Sugar Intake in a Japanese Population Based on a Newly Developed Food Composition Database. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101474. [PMID: 30309012 PMCID: PMC6213530 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to a lack of a food composition database on starch and sugars, we developed a comprehensive database on starch and seven types of sugars in commonly consumed foods (n = 2222) in Japan. Dietary record data of 368 toddlers (aged 18–35 months), 376 preschool children (aged 3–6 years), 915 schoolchildren (aged 8–14 years) and 392 adults (aged 20–69 years) were used. The mean starch intake ranged from 55.6 g/day (female toddlers) to 206.0 g/day (male schoolchildren). Irrespective of age and sex, >50% of starch was provided by rice and grains. The mean total sugar intake ranged from 46.1 g/day (female toddlers) to 68.7 g/day (male schoolchildren). In all age and sex groups, the major contributors of total sugar included sucrose (mean: 18.2–34.0 g/day), glucose (7.8–13.1 g/day), lactose (5.3–13.1 g/day) and fructose (7.6–11.1 g/day). The top food sources were dairy products (toddlers) and confectionaries (other age groups) for total sugar, confectionaries for sucrose, fruits (toddlers) and vegetables (other age groups) for glucose, dairy products for lactose and fruits (toddlers and preschool children) and vegetables (schoolchildren and adults) for fructose. In conclusion, this study clarified the starch and sugar intake in Japan and provides a foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Fujiwara
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Keiko Asakura
- School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Ken Uechi
- Faculty of Health Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Minami Sugimoto
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Han-Chieh Wang
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | | | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Yokoro M, Minami M, Okada S, Yano M, Otaki N, Ikeda H, Fukuo K. Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:913-922. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Weaver CM, Stone MS, Lobene AJ, Cladis DP, Hodges JK. What Is the Evidence Base for a Potassium Requirement? NUTRITION TODAY 2018; 53:184-195. [PMID: 30369637 PMCID: PMC6181280 DOI: 10.1097/nt.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased intake of potassium should be promoted to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke and to protect against bone loss, but confidence in recommended intakes depends on the strength of the evidence. All public health recommendations are considerably higher than current average intakes. Evidence on which current potassium intake recommendations for the United States, Europe, and globally have limitations. More recent evidence reviewed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality affirms that more evidence is needed to define specific values for optimal potassium intakes. Potassium requirements undoubtedly vary with a number of factors including energy needs, race, and intake of sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie M Weaver
- is a distinguished professor in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on potassium effect of health in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on sodium effect in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on nutrient requirements and safety in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a post-doctoral associate conducting research on calcium effect on health in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Michael S Stone
- is a distinguished professor in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on potassium effect of health in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on sodium effect in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on nutrient requirements and safety in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a post-doctoral associate conducting research on calcium effect on health in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Andrea J Lobene
- is a distinguished professor in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on potassium effect of health in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on sodium effect in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on nutrient requirements and safety in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a post-doctoral associate conducting research on calcium effect on health in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Dennis P Cladis
- is a distinguished professor in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on potassium effect of health in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on sodium effect in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on nutrient requirements and safety in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a post-doctoral associate conducting research on calcium effect on health in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Joanna K Hodges
- is a distinguished professor in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on potassium effect of health in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on sodium effect in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a doctoral student conducting research on nutrient requirements and safety in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- is a post-doctoral associate conducting research on calcium effect on health in the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Yasutake K, Miyoshi E, Misumi Y, Kajiyama T, Fukuda T, Ishii T, Moriguchi R, Murata Y, Ohe K, Enjoji M, Tsuchihashi T. Self-monitoring of urinary salt excretion as a method of salt-reduction education: a parallel, randomized trial involving two groups. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:2164-2173. [PMID: 29458447 PMCID: PMC11106026 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate salt-reduction education using a self-monitoring urinary salt-excretion device. DESIGN Parallel, randomized trial involving two groups. The following parameters were checked at baseline and endline of the intervention: salt check sheet, eating behaviour questionnaire, 24 h home urine collection, blood pressure before and after urine collection. SETTING The intervention group self-monitored urine salt excretion using a self-measuring device for 4 weeks. In the control group, urine salt excretion was measured, but the individuals were not informed of the result. SUBJECTS Seventy-eight individuals (control group, n 36; intervention group, n 42) collected two 24 h urine samples from a target population of 123 local resident volunteers. The samples were then analysed. RESULTS There were no differences in clinical background or related parameters between the two groups. The 24 h urinary Na:K ratio showed a significant decrease in the intervention group (-1·1) compared with the control group (-0·0; P=0·033). Blood pressure did not change in either group. The results of the salt check sheet did not change in the control group but were significantly lower in the intervention group. The score of the eating behaviour questionnaire did not change in the control group, but the intervention group showed a significant increase in eating behaviour stage. CONCLUSIONS Self-monitoring of urinary salt excretion helps to improve 24 h urinary Na:K, salt check sheet scores and stage of eating behaviour. Thus, usage of self-monitoring tools has an educational potential in salt intake reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Yasutake
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Emiko Miyoshi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Yukiko Misumi
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nishikyushu University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kajiyama
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Tamami Fukuda
- Fukuoka Clinic, TOPPAN Group Health Insurance Society, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taeko Ishii
- Department of Food Design, Kurume Shin-ai Women’s College, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ririko Moriguchi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murata
- Health Care Center, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohe
- Health Care Center, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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The trends in total energy, macronutrients and sodium intake among Japanese: findings from the 1995-2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:424-434. [PMID: 29860946 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring nutritional status of the population is essential in the development and evaluation of national or local health policies. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate analysis on the trends in dietary intake of energy and macronutrients, as well as Na, in Japanese population using the data of series of cross-sectional national surveys - the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) and the National Health Nutrition Survey (NHNS) - during the period from 1995 to 2016. The NNS and NHNS participants aged 20-79 years were included in the analysis. Dietary intake was estimated using 1-d household-based dietary record. The trend in total energy intake, energy intake from macronutrients (fat and protein), Na intake and energy-adjusted Na intake were analysed using regression models adjusted to 2010 age distribution and anthropometry status. A total of 94 270 men and 107 890 women were included the analysis. Total energy intake showed a decreasing trend in both men and women. Similarly, energy intake from protein decreased, but energy intake (%) from fat increased in both sexes. Energy-adjusted Na intake showed a decreasing trend in both men and women. This study identified the decrease in total energy intake and energy intake from protein, whereas there were inverse trends in energy intake from fat among Japanese adults. Continued monitoring of trends in dietary intake will be needed, and there should be efforts to increase the accuracy of current survey procedures.
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The presence of children in households was associated with dietary intake among Japanese married women: the POTATO study. J Nutr Sci 2018; 7:e16. [PMID: 29686865 PMCID: PMC5906553 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2018.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence from Western countries shows that the presence of children in households is associated with the dietary intake of adults, but little is known about this relationship in non-Western countries with different food cultures. Our aim was to examine whether dietary intake was different with respect to the presence of young children in the home among Japanese married women. Subjects were Japanese married women (aged 23–44 years) living with children aged less than 5 years (n 73) and married women who did not have children (n 85). Data regarding habitual dietary intake were obtained using a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire. A cross-sectional comparison between women with young children and women without children was conducted using ANCOVA adjusted for potential confounding factors. Women with young children had a significantly greater intake of protein, carbohydrates, Na, Zn and Cu than did women without children. Intake of cereals, pulses and sugar was significantly higher among mothers than among non-mothers. Intake of both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages was significantly higher among non-mothers than among mothers. Thus, the presence of young children at home might influence women's intake of macronutrients and some minerals, especially Na, and beverages among Japanese married women. Our findings suggest that effective dietary interventions among Japanese mothers with young children may differ from those of married women without children.
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Dietary phosphorus intake estimated by 4-day dietary records and two 24-hour urine collections and their associated factors in Japanese adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:517-525. [PMID: 29500460 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Both self-reported dietary information and urinary excretion have limitations in the assessment of phosphorus intake. We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate dietary phosphorus intake by dietary records (DR) and 24-h urine collections (UC) and examined associated factors. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 161 men and 161 women aged 20-69 years completed a 4-day DR and two 24-h UC. Phosphorus intake by UC was estimated using the mean phosphorus absorption rate of 14 papers. Associations between phosphorus intake and urinary excretion and age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, education, and smoking status were examined using multiple linear regression. RESULTS Phosphorus intake estimated by UC was higher than that estimated by DR (mean: 1393 vs. 1176 mg/day, P < 0.0001 in men; 1082 vs. 1021 mg/day, P = 0.008 in women). Values were significantly correlated (r = 0.29, P = 0.0002 in men; r = 0.30, P = 0.0001 in women). Phosphorus intake estimated by DR was positively associated with age in women. Male current smokers consumed less phosphorus than never smokers. Higher urinary phosphorus excretion was associated with higher BMI in both sexes and higher physical activity in women. CONCLUSIONS This study showed dietary phosphorus intakes estimated by 4-day DR and by 2-day UC in adults. Although dietary phosphorus intake estimated by DR showed moderate correlation with that by UC, they differed in their association with age, BMI, physical activity, and smoking status.
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Yasutake K, Moriguchi R, Kajiyama T, Miyazaki H, Abe S, Masuda T, Imai K, Iwamoto M, Tsuda H, Obe M, Kawate H, Ueno H, Ono M, Goromaru R, Ohe K, Enjoji M, Tsuchihashi T, Nakano S. Interannual study of spot urine-evaluated sodium excretion in young Japanese women. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2017; 19:653-660. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ririko Moriguchi
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Tomomi Kajiyama
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hitomi Miyazaki
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shimako Abe
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takashi Masuda
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Katsumi Imai
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Masako Iwamoto
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsuda
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Masayo Obe
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hisaya Kawate
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hiromi Ueno
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Misaki Ono
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ryoko Goromaru
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kenji Ohe
- Health Care Center; Fukuoka University; Fukuoka Japan
| | | | | | - Shuji Nakano
- Health Promotion Center; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
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Yasutake K, Nagafuchi M, Izu R, Kajiyama T, Imai K, Murata Y, Ohe K, Enjoji M, Tsuchihashi T. Sodium and potassium urinary excretion levels of preschool children: Individual, daily, and seasonal differences. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2017; 19:577-583. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Yasutake
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; Faculty of Nutritional Sciences; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Mikako Nagafuchi
- Division of Early Childhood Care and Education; Nakamura Gakuen Junior College; Fukuoka Japan
| | | | - Tomomi Kajiyama
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; Faculty of Nutritional Sciences; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Katsumi Imai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; Faculty of Nutritional Sciences; Nakamura Gakuen University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yusuke Murata
- Health Care Center; Fukuoka University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kenji Ohe
- Health Care Center; Fukuoka University; Fukuoka Japan
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Within-country variation of salt intake assessed via urinary excretion in Japan: a multilevel analysis in all 47 prefectures. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:598-605. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Katagiri R, Asakura K, Uechi K, Masayasu S, Sasaki S. Iodine Excretion in 24-hour Urine Collection and Its Dietary Determinants in Healthy Japanese Adults. J Epidemiol 2016; 26:613-621. [PMID: 27374137 PMCID: PMC5121429 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20150245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since seaweed is a common component of the Japanese diet, iodine intake in Japanese is expected to be high. However, urinary iodine excretion, measured using 24-hour urine samples, and its dietary determinants are not known. METHODS Apparently healthy adults aged 20 to 69 years living in 20 areas throughout Japan were recruited in February and March, 2013. Urinary iodine excretion was evaluated using 24-hour urine collected from 713 subjects (362 men and 351 women), and the difference among age groups was assessed. The association between dietary intake of food groups and urinary iodine excretion was assessed among 358 subjects who completed a semi-weighed 4-day diet record (DR) and urine collection. The correlations between iodine intake and iodine excretion were also evaluated, and correlation coefficients were calculated for iodine intake in the DR of the overlapping day or the DR 1 day before and after urine collection. RESULTS Median iodine excretion in 24-hour urine was 365 µg, and excretion was significantly higher in older subjects. Iodine intake estimated by the DRs was significantly correlated with urinary iodine excretion when DRs and urine collection were obtained on the same day (r = 0.37). After adjustment for confounding factors, iodine excretion was significantly associated with intakes of kelp and soup stock from kelp and fish. CONCLUSIONS Although multiple measurements for urinary iodine are required to confirm our results, this study showed the current iodine status of healthy Japanese adults. The results suggest that kelp and fish are the main contributors to Japanese iodine status measured by 24-hour urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Katagiri
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Uechi
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Development of a food-based diet quality score for Japanese: associations of the score with nutrient intakes in young, middle-aged and older Japanese women. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e41. [PMID: 28620468 PMCID: PMC5465807 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies have shown that a diet score based on the Japanese food guide Spinning Top (the original score) is associated with both favourable and unfavourable dietary intake patterns. We developed a food-based diet quality score (the modified score) and examined associations with nutrient intakes. Subjects were 3963 young (all aged 18 years), 3800 middle-aged (mean age 47·7 (sd 3·9) years) and 2211 older (mean age 74·4 (sd 5·2) years) Japanese women. Dietary intakes were assessed using comprehensive (for the young and middle-aged) and brief-type (for the older) diet history questionnaires. The original score was calculated based on intakes of grains, vegetables, fish/meat, milk, fruits, and snacks/alcoholic beverages. The modified score was similarly calculated, but included Na from seasonings and without applying the upper cut-off values for dietary components where increased consumption is advocated for Japanese women (grains, vegetables, fish/meat, milk, and fruits). The original score was positively associated with intakes of carbohydrate, dietary fibre, and all the vitamins and minerals examined including Na and inversely with intakes of fats and alcohol in young and middle-aged women. In older women, the original score was inversely associated with intakes of all nutrients except for carbohydrate and vitamin C. However, the modified score was associated positively with intakes of protein, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, vitamins A, C and E, and folate and inversely with intakes of fats, alcohol and Na in all generations. In conclusion, the modified diet score was positively associated with favourable nutrient intake patterns in Japanese women.
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Sugimoto M, Asakura K, Masayasu S, Sasaki S. Relatively severe misreporting of sodium, potassium, and protein intake among female dietitians compared with nondietitians. Nutr Res 2016; 36:818-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Comparison of a salt check sheet with 24-h urinary salt excretion measurement in local residents. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:879-885. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dietary patterns extracted from the current Japanese diet and their associations with sodium and potassium intakes estimated by repeated 24 h urine collection. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:2580-91. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo identify dietary patterns in the current Japanese diet and evaluate the associations between these patterns and Na and K intakes.DesignDietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis from the intakes of food groups assessed with a validated self-administrated diet history questionnaire. Na and K intakes and urinary Na:K were assessed by repeated 24 h urine collection.SubjectsHealthy Japanese adults aged 20–69 years (353 men and 349 women).SettingTwenty study areas in twenty-three prefectures in Japan.ResultFour dietary patterns were identified in each sex. After adjustment for several confounding factors, the ‘Fish and vegetable’ pattern was associated with higher urinary Na excretion, but the association was not significant (P=0·37 in men and P=0·06 in women). This pattern was also associated with higher K excretion in both sexes. The ‘Noodle’ pattern tended to be associated with higher urinary Na excretion (P=0·17 in men and P=0·04 in women) and higher Na:K (P=0·02 in men). The ‘Meat, vegetable and oil’ (in men)/‘Meat and oil’ (in women) and ‘Bread and confectioneries’ patterns were not associated with urinary Na excretion (in men) or were negatively associated (in women).ConclusionsContrary to the case in Western countries, the ‘Fish and vegetable’ and ‘Noodle’ patterns contributed to higher Na intake in Japan. Target foods for salt reduction should be set based on careful consideration of the relationships between dietary patterns and Na and K intakes in the target population.
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